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It has been hypothesized that a brief time window of activity in each area is sufficient to enable the decision but direct measurements of this" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/274923238/124517476/113874878/s200_massimo.scanziani.png" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/103855626/First_spikes_in_visual_cortex_enable_perceptual_discrimination" /> <meta property="og:title" content="First spikes in visual cortex enable perceptual discrimination" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Visually guided perceptual decisions involve the sequential activation of a hierarchy of cortical areas. It has been hypothesized that a brief time window of activity in each area is sufficient to enable the decision but direct measurements of this" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://independent.academia.edu/MScanziani" /> <meta name="description" content="Visually guided perceptual decisions involve the sequential activation of a hierarchy of cortical areas. It has been hypothesized that a brief time window of activity in each area is sufficient to enable the decision but direct measurements of this" /> <title>(PDF) First spikes in visual cortex enable perceptual discrimination | Massimo Scanziani - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/103855626/First_spikes_in_visual_cortex_enable_perceptual_discrimination" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '49879c2402910372f4abc62630a427bbe033d190'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732513002000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732513002000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Visually guided perceptual decisions involve the sequential activation of a hierarchy of cortical areas. It has been hypothesized that a brief time window of activity in each area is sufficient to enable the decision but direct measurements of this time window are lacking. To address this question, we develop a visual discrimination task in mice that depends on visual cortex and in which we precisely control the time window of visual cortical activity as the animal performs the task at different levels of difficulty. We show that threshold duration of activity in visual cortex enabling perceptual discrimination is between 40 and 80 milliseconds. During this time window the vast majority of neurons discriminating the stimulus fire one or no spikes and less than 16% fire more than two. This result establishes that the firing of the first visually evoked spikes in visual cortex is sufficient to enable a perceptual decision.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Massimo Scanziani"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2023-06-25","dateModified":null,"datePublished":"2018-01-01","headline":"First spikes in visual cortex enable perceptual discrimination","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Neuroscience","Computer Science","Perception","Visual perception","Biology","Medicine","Visual Cortex","Elife"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":"eLife","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":"eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd"},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/103855626/First_spikes_in_visual_cortex_enable_perceptual_discrimination","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":null}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" 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It has been hypothesized that a brief time window of activity in each area is sufficient to enable the decision but direct measurements of this time window are lacking. To address this question, we develop a visual discrimination task in mice that depends on visual cortex and in which we precisely control the time window of visual cortical activity as the animal performs the task at different levels of difficulty. We show that threshold duration of activity in visual cortex enabling perceptual discrimination is between 40 and 80 milliseconds. During this time window the vast majority of neurons discriminating the stimulus fire one or no spikes and less than 16% fire more than two. This result establishes that the firing of the first visually evoked spikes in visual cortex is sufficient to enable a perceptual decision.","publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd","publication_date":"2018,,","publication_name":"eLife"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"First spikes in visual cortex enable perceptual discrimination","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [274923238]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":103745072,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “First spikes in visual cortex enable perceptual discrimination”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/103745072/mini_magick20230625-1-dkqj5r.png?1687724060" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">First spikes in visual cortex enable perceptual discrimination</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="274923238" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MScanziani"><img alt="Profile image of Massimo Scanziani" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/274923238/124517476/113874878/s65_massimo.scanziani.png" />Massimo Scanziani</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2018, eLife</p><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Visually guided perceptual decisions involve the sequential activation of a hierarchy of cortical areas. It has been hypothesized that a brief time window of activity in each area is sufficient to enable the decision but direct measurements of this time window are lacking. To address this question, we develop a visual discrimination task in mice that depends on visual cortex and in which we precisely control the time window of visual cortical activity as the animal performs the task at different levels of difficulty. We show that threshold duration of activity in visual cortex enabling perceptual discrimination is between 40 and 80 milliseconds. During this time window the vast majority of neurons discriminating the stimulus fire one or no spikes and less than 16% fire more than two. This result establishes that the firing of the first visually evoked spikes in visual cortex is sufficient to enable a perceptual decision.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":103745072,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/103855626/First_spikes_in_visual_cortex_enable_perceptual_discrimination"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":103745072,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/103855626/First_spikes_in_visual_cortex_enable_perceptual_discrimination"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" 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href="https://warwick.academia.edu/ChristoPanchev">Christo Panchev</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2006</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Temporal Processing in a Spiking Model of the Visual System","attachmentId":41546241,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/20758944/Temporal_Processing_in_a_Spiking_Model_of_the_Visual_System","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/20758944/Temporal_Processing_in_a_Spiking_Model_of_the_Visual_System"><span 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Moro</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34258518" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PKhayat">P. Khayat</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Neuronal Activity in the Visual Cortex Reveals the Temporal Order of Cognitive Operations","attachmentId":43535313,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/15143379/Neuronal_Activity_in_the_Visual_Cortex_Reveals_the_Temporal_Order_of_Cognitive_Operations","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/15143379/Neuronal_Activity_in_the_Visual_Cortex_Reveals_the_Temporal_Order_of_Cognitive_Operations"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View 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data-entity-id="66402812" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66402812/Temporal_precision_of_neuronal_information_in_a_rapid_perceptual_judgment">Temporal precision of neuronal information in a rapid perceptual judgment</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="166270160" href="https://spanalumni.academia.edu/GeoffreyGhose">Geoffrey Ghose</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of neurophysiology, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Temporal precision of neuronal information in a rapid perceptual 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href="https://www.academia.edu/800247/Context_dependent_perceptual_modulation_of_single_neurons_in_primate_visual_cortex">Context-dependent perceptual modulation of single neurons in primate visual cortex</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="642261" href="https://vanderbilt.academia.edu/AlexanderMaier">Alexander Maier</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Proceedings of the …, 2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Context-dependent perceptual modulation of single neurons in primate visual cortex","attachmentId":5042157,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/800247/Context_dependent_perceptual_modulation_of_single_neurons_in_primate_visual_cortex","alternativeTracking":true}"><span 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ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32624531" href="https://ups-tlse3.academia.edu/ArnaudDelorme">Arnaud Delorme</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Neural Networks, 2001</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Spike-based strategies for rapid processing","attachmentId":45387011,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13398696/Spike_based_strategies_for_rapid_processing","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13398696/Spike_based_strategies_for_rapid_processing"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View 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Brumberg</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Neurophysiology, 2004</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Slow Adaptation in Fast-Spiking Neurons of Visual Cortex","attachmentId":73413390,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/59546017/Slow_Adaptation_in_Fast_Spiking_Neurons_of_Visual_Cortex","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/59546017/Slow_Adaptation_in_Fast_Spiking_Neurons_of_Visual_Cortex"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 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