CINXE.COM

Perak - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="id" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Perak - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )idwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","Januari","Februari","Maret","April","Mei","Juni","Juli","Agustus","September","Oktober","November","Desember"],"wgRequestId":"c96ae695-374c-40ed-96ef-18bd4fe78948","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Perak","wgTitle":"Perak","wgCurRevisionId":25446326,"wgRevisionId":25446326,"wgArticleId":18612,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pemeliharaan CS1: Url tak layak","Artikel dengan pranala luar nonaktif","Artikel dengan pranala luar nonaktif permanen","Galat CS1: tanggal","Templat webarchive arsip tidak diketahui","Halaman dengan berkas rusak","Templat webarchive tautan wayback","Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda GND","Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda BNE","Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda BNF","Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda LCCN","Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda NDL", "Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda NKC","Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda NARA","Perak","Unsur kimia","Mineral kubik","Penghantar listrik","Mineral unsur asli","Logam mulia","Logam transisi","Logam berharga","Mata uang","Unsur kimia dengan struktur kubus berpusat-muka"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"id","wgPageContentLanguage":"id","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Perak","wgRelevantArticleId":18612,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"accuracy":{"levels":2}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"id","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"id"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":70000, "wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1090","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.charinsert-styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.math.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready", "ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.watchlist-notice","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.Bagikan","ext.gadget.CurIDLink","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints", "ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","oojs-ui.styles.icons-media","oojs-ui-core.icons","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=id&amp;modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.math.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=id&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;raw=1&amp;skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=id&amp;modules=ext.gadget.charinsert-styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=id&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Silver_crystal.jpg/1200px-Silver_crystal.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="941"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Silver_crystal.jpg/800px-Silver_crystal.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="627"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Silver_crystal.jpg/640px-Silver_crystal.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="502"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Perak - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//id.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perak"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Sunting" href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (id)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//id.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perak"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.id"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Umpan Atom Wikipedia" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Perubahan_terbaru&amp;feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Perak rootpage-Perak skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Lompat ke isi</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu utama" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu utama</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu utama</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasi </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" title="Kunjungi Halaman Utama [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Halaman Utama</span></a></li><li id="n-Daftar-isi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Isi"><span>Daftar isi</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terbaru" title="Daftar perubahan terbaru dalam wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terbaru</span></a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik"><span>Artikel pilihan</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini"><span>Peristiwa terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru"><span>Halaman baru</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Halaman sembarang</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi"><span>Warung Kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Portal komunitas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan."><span>Bantuan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar"><span>Pancapilar</span></a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman"><span>Kebijakan</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir"><span>Bak pasir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Pencarian</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=id" class=""><span>Menyumbang</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&amp;returnto=Perak" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&amp;returnto=Perak" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&amp;returnto=Perak" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&amp;returnto=Perak" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Karakteristik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karakteristik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Karakteristik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Karakteristik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isotop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isotop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Isotop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isotop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senyawa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senyawa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Senyawa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senyawa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aplikasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aplikasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Aplikasi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aplikasi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Aplikasi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aplikasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mata_uang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mata_uang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Mata uang</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mata_uang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perhiasan_dan_peranti_perak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perhiasan_dan_peranti_perak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Perhiasan dan peranti perak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perhiasan_dan_peranti_perak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energi_surya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energi_surya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Energi surya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energi_surya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penyejuk_udara" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penyejuk_udara"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Penyejuk udara</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penyejuk_udara-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pemurnian_air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pemurnian_air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Pemurnian air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pemurnian_air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kedokteran_gigi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kedokteran_gigi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Kedokteran gigi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kedokteran_gigi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fotografi_dan_elektronika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fotografi_dan_elektronika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Fotografi dan elektronika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fotografi_dan_elektronika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Salut_kaca" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Salut_kaca"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Salut kaca</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Salut_kaca-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cermin_teleksopik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cermin_teleksopik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8.1</span> <span>Cermin teleksopik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cermin_teleksopik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jendela" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jendela"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8.2</span> <span>Jendela</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jendela-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aplikasi_industri_dan_komersial_lainnya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aplikasi_industri_dan_komersial_lainnya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>Aplikasi industri dan komersial lainnya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aplikasi_industri_dan_komersial_lainnya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>Biologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bidang_kedokteran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bidang_kedokteran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.11</span> <span>Bidang kedokteran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bidang_kedokteran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Investasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Investasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.12</span> <span>Investasi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Investasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Busana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Busana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.13</span> <span>Busana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Busana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Sejarah</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Perang_Dunia_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perang_Dunia_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Perang Dunia II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perang_Dunia_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keberadaan_dan_ekstraksi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keberadaan_dan_ekstraksi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Keberadaan dan ekstraksi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keberadaan_dan_ekstraksi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Harga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Harga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Harga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Harga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konsumsi_dan_paparan_pada_manusia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konsumsi_dan_paparan_pada_manusia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Konsumsi dan paparan pada manusia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Konsumsi_dan_paparan_pada_manusia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Konsumsi dan paparan pada manusia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Konsumsi_dan_paparan_pada_manusia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pemantauan_paparan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pemantauan_paparan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Pemantauan paparan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pemantauan_paparan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penggunaan_dalam_pangan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penggunaan_dalam_pangan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Penggunaan dalam pangan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penggunaan_dalam_pangan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kesehatan_dan_keselamatan_kerja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kesehatan_dan_keselamatan_kerja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kesehatan_dan_keselamatan_kerja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_juga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_juga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Lihat juga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_juga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catatan_kaki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan_kaki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Catatan kaki</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan_kaki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Perak</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 203 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-203" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">203 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%B6%D1%8C%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Тыжьын – Adygei" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Тыжьын" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adygei" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silwer" title="Silwer – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Silwer" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silber" title="Silber – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Silber" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A5%E1%88%AD_(%E1%89%A5%E1%88%A8%E1%89%B3%E1%89%A5%E1%88%A8%E1%89%B5)" title="ብር (ብረታብረት) – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ብር (ብረታብረት)" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archent" title="Archent – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Archent" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seolfor" title="Seolfor – Inggris Kuno" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Seolfor" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Inggris Kuno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="चांदी – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="चांदी" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A9" title="فضة – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فضة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9F%DC%A3%DC%A6%DC%90_(%DC%A3%DC%90%DC%A1%DC%90)" title="ܟܣܦܐ (ܣܐܡܐ) – Aram" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܟܣܦܐ (ܣܐܡܐ)" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aram" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="نقرة – Arab Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="نقرة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B6%D9%87" title="فضه – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فضه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AA" title="ৰূপ – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৰূপ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plata" title="Plata – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Plata" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86" title="ГӀарац – Avar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ГӀарац" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qollqe" title="Qollqe – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Qollqe" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C3%BC%C5%9F" title="Gümüş – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Gümüş" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B4" title="گوموش – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="گوموش" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BC%D3%A9%D1%88" title="Көмөш – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Көмөш" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9rak" title="Pérak – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Pérak" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCwa" title="Süwa – Bavaria" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Süwa" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C4%97dabros" title="Cėdabros – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Cėdabros" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirak" title="Pirak – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pirak" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Серабро – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Серабро" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Срэбра – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Срэбра" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Сребро – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сребро" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="चानी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="चानी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE" title="রূপা – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রূপা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8D" title="དངུལ། – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="དངུལ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE" title="প্রাটা – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="প্রাটা" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc%27hant_(metal)" title="Arc&#039;hant (metal) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Arc&#039;hant (metal)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srebro" title="Srebro – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Srebro" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BD_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB)" title="Мүнгэн (металл) – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Мүнгэн (металл)" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argent" title="Argent – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Argent" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%80ng" title="Ngṳ̀ng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ngṳ̀ng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilak" title="Pilak – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pilak" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%95%E1%8E%B8_%E1%8E%A4%E1%8F%81%E1%8E%A6" title="ᎠᏕᎸ ᎤᏁᎦ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏕᎸ ᎤᏁᎦ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%88" title="زیو – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زیو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentu" title="Argentu – Korsika" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Argentu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C5%99%C3%ADbro" title="Stříbro – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Stříbro" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strz%C3%A9bro" title="Strzébro – Kashubia" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Strzébro" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8C%D1%80%D1%94%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Сьрєбро – Bahasa Gereja Slavonia" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Сьрєбро" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Bahasa Gereja Slavonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%C4%95%D0%BC%C4%95%D0%BB" title="Кĕмĕл – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кĕмĕл" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arian_(elfen)" title="Arian (elfen) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Arian (elfen)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B8lv" title="Sølv – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sølv" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silber" title="Silber – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Silber" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AAm" title="Sêm – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Sêm" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B3%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Άργυρος – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άργυρος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver" title="Silver – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Silver" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C4%9Dento" title="Arĝento – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Arĝento" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plata" title="Plata – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Plata" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B5be" title="Hõbe – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hõbe" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zilar" title="Zilar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zilar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prata" title="Prata – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Prata" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%87" title="نقره – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نقره" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopea" title="Hopea – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hopea" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B5p%C3%B5" title="Hõpõ – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Hõpõ" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siliva" title="Siliva – Fiji" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Siliva" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvur" title="Silvur – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Silvur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argent" title="Argent – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Argent" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salwer" title="Salwer – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Salwer" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arint" title="Arint – Friuli" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Arint" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulver" title="Sulver – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sulver" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airgead_(d%C3%BAil)" title="Airgead (dúil) – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Airgead (dúil)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8A%80" title="銀 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="銀" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lajan_(chimi)" title="Lajan (chimi) – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lajan (chimi)" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airgead_(meatailt)" title="Airgead (meatailt) – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Airgead (meatailt)" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prata" title="Prata – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Prata" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuarepotit%C4%A9" title="Kuarepotitĩ – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kuarepotitĩ" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82" title="रुपें – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="रुपें" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9A%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%80" title="ચાંદી – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ચાંદી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argid_(bunstoo)" title="Argid (bunstoo) – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Argid (bunstoo)" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngi%C3%B9n" title="Ngiùn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ngiùn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%A3_(%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%93)" title="כסף (יסוד) – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כסף (יסוד)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="चाँदी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चाँदी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver" title="Silver – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Silver" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srebro" title="Srebro – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Srebro" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sl%C4%9Bbro" title="Slěbro – Sorbia Hulu" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Slěbro" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajan_(metal)" title="Ajan (metal) – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ajan (metal)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ez%C3%BCst" title="Ezüst – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ezüst" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%A9" title="Արծաթ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արծաթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%A9" title="Արծաթ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Արծաթ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argento" title="Argento – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Argento" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirak" title="Pirak – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Pirak" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B2" title="Дотув – Ingushetia" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Дотув" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingushetia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arjento" title="Arjento – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Arjento" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silfur" title="Silfur – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Silfur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argento" title="Argento – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Argento" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8A%80" title="銀 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="銀" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silva" title="Silva – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Silva" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/rijno" title="rijno – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="rijno" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9rak" title="Pérak – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pérak" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AA%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ვერცხლი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვერცხლი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C9%A9za%C9%A3" title="Arɩzaɣ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Arɩzaɣ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1zurufa" title="A̱zurufa – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱zurufa" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81" title="Күміс – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Күміс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B3%E0%B2%BF" title="ಬೆಳ್ಳಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬೆಳ್ಳಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%80" title="은 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="은" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Эзісь – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Эзісь" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%84%D9%BE%DA%BE" title="رۄپھ – Kashmir" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="رۄپھ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silber" title="Silber – Dialek Kolsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Silber" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Dialek Kolsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%AEv" title="Zîv – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zîv" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B7%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Эзысь – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Эзысь" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arghans" title="Arghans – Kornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Arghans" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%BC%D2%AF%D1%88" title="Күмүш – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Күмүш" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentum" title="Argentum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Argentum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ABlwer" title="Sëlwer – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Sëlwer" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%86%D1%83_(%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%8A%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Арцу (мяъдан) – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Арцу (мяъдан)" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Гимиш – Lezghia" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Гимиш" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A8lver" title="Zèlver – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Zèlver" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argento" title="Argento – Liguria" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Argento" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Liguria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arjent" title="Arjent – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Arjent" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arzent" title="Arzent – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Arzent" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99_(%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B0)" title="ເງິນ (ໂລຫະ) – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເງິນ (ໂລຫະ)" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidabras" title="Sidabras – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sidabras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudrabs" title="Sudrabs – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sudrabs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="चाँदी – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="चाँदी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сия – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Сия" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volafotsy" title="Volafotsy – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Volafotsy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawata" title="Kawata – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Kawata" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perak" title="Perak – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Perak" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Сребро – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сребро" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF" title="വെള്ളി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വെള്ളി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B3%D3%A9_(%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Мөнгө (химийн элемент) – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мөнгө (химийн элемент)" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A5_(%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A0%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F)" title="ꯂꯨꯄꯥ (ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟ) – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯂꯨꯄꯥ (ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟ)" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="चांदी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चांदी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perak_(logam)" title="Perak (logam) – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perak (logam)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%84%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1_(%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF)" title="ငွေ (သတ္တု) – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ငွေ (သတ္တု)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сия – Eryza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Сия" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Eryza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iztac_teocuitlatl" title="Iztac teocuitlatl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Iztac teocuitlatl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BClver" title="Sülver – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Sülver" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="चाँदी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="चाँदी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%83" title="वहः – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="वहः" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fir%C3%B6" title="Firö – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Firö" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zilver" title="Zilver – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zilver" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B8lv" title="Sølv – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sølv" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B8lv" title="Sølv – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sølv" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergent" title="Ergent – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Ergent" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9%C3%A9sh_%C5%82igaii" title="Béésh łigaii – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Béésh łigaii" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argent_(metal)" title="Argent (metal) – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Argent (metal)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobju" title="Hobju – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Hobju" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meetii" title="Meetii – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Meetii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE" title="ରୁପା – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ରୁପା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82" title="Æвзист – Ossetia" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Æвзист" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80" title="ਚਾਂਦੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਚਾਂਦੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ADlak" title="Pílak – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Pílak" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plata" title="Plata – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Plata" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srebro" title="Srebro – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Srebro" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argent" title="Argent – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Argent" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="رپا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="رپا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B2%D8%B1" title="سپين زر – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سپين زر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prata" title="Prata – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Prata" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qullqi_q%27illay" title="Qullqi q&#039;illay – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qullqi q&#039;illay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argint" title="Argint – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Argint" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asimi" title="Asimi – Aromania" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Asimi" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Серебро – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Серебро" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Стрібро – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Стрібро" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="रजतम् – Sanskerta" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रजतम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskerta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D1%80%D2%AF%D2%A5_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D0%BC%D2%AF%D1%81" title="Үрүҥ көмүс – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Үрүҥ көмүс" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prata" title="Prata – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Prata" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentu" title="Argentu – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Argentu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siller" title="Siller – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Siller" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="چاندي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="چاندي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silba" title="Silba – Sami Utara" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Silba" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Sami Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srebro" title="Srebro – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Srebro" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A" title="සිල්වර් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සිල්වර්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver" title="Silver – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Silver" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Striebro" title="Striebro – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Striebro" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srebro" title="Srebro – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Srebro" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silb%C3%A2" title="Silbâ – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Silbâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darejena" title="Darejena – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Darejena" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maar" title="Maar – Somalia" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Maar" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argjendi" title="Argjendi – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Argjendi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Сребро – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сребро" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A4%C3%A4lwer" title="Säälwer – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Säälwer" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9rak" title="Pérak – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Pérak" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver" title="Silver – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Silver" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fedha" title="Fedha – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Fedha" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF_(%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D)" title="வெள்ளி (தனிமம்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வெள்ளி (தனிமம்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF" title="వెండి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వెండి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D2%9B%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Нуқра – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Нуқра" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99_(%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0)" title="เงิน (โลหะ) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เงิน (โลหะ)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilak" title="Pilak – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pilak" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C3%BC%C5%9F" title="Gümüş – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gümüş" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Көмеш – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Көмеш" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%DB%88%D9%85%DB%88%D8%B4" title="كۈمۈش – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كۈمۈش" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Срібло – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Срібло" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="چاندی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چاندی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumush" title="Kumush – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kumush" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arzento" title="Arzento – Venesia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Arzento" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobed" title="Hobed – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Hobed" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%A1c" title="Bạc – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bạc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Largentin" title="Largentin – Volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Largentin" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plata" title="Plata – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Plata" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%B6" title="银 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="银" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BC%D3%A9%D2%A3%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Цанмөңган – Kalmuk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Цанмөңган" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="זילבער – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="זילבער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A0d%C3%A1k%C3%A0" title="Fàdákà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Fàdákà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngaenz" title="Ngaenz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Ngaenz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8A%80" title="銀 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="銀" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8A%80" title="銀 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="銀" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%AEn" title="Gîn – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Gîn" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8A%80" title="銀 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="銀" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isiliva" title="Isiliva – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isiliva" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1090#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Perak" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Indonesia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perak"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perak"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Perak" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Perak" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;oldid=25446326" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&amp;page=Perak&amp;id=25446326&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPerak"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPerak"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Perak"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Perak&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Silver" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1090" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat <a href="/wiki/Perak_(disambiguasi)" class="mw-disambig" title="Perak (disambiguasi)">Perak (disambiguasi)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26333552">.mw-parser-output .ib-station-name{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}@media only screen and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ib-station{width:25.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-station-name{width:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard" style="font-size:88%;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr" style="background:lightgray;padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:1.25em;"><div style="float:right;display:inline;background:lightgray;font-size:150%;"><sub><span style="font-size:smaller;">47</span></sub>Ag</div>Perak</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Silver_crystal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Silver_crystal.jpg/220px-Silver_crystal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Silver_crystal.jpg/330px-Silver_crystal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Silver_crystal.jpg/440px-Silver_crystal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4428" data-file-height="3472" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Perak yang didapat dari <a href="/wiki/Elektrolit" title="Elektrolit">elektrolit</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="background:black"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Silver_spectrum_visible.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Silver_spectrum_visible.png/220px-Silver_spectrum_visible.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Silver_spectrum_visible.png/330px-Silver_spectrum_visible.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Silver_spectrum_visible.png/440px-Silver_spectrum_visible.png 2x" data-file-width="7430" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span> </div><div class="infobox-caption">Garis spektrum perak</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffc0c0">Sifat umum</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">Pengucapan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">/pèrak/<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">Penampilan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">logam putih berkilau</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffc0c0">Perak dalam <a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik">tabel periodik</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><div style="z-index:1;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;font-size:120%;right:185px;margin:0.1em;font-family:&#39;Linux Libertine&#39;,Georgia,Times,serif ; line-height:0.9"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Media:Electron_shell_047_Silver.svg" title="Media:Electron shell 047 Silver.svg"><img alt="Perbesar gambar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Electron_shell_047_Silver.svg/50px-Electron_shell_047_Silver.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Electron_shell_047_Silver.svg/75px-Electron_shell_047_Silver.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Electron_shell_047_Silver.svg/100px-Electron_shell_047_Silver.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="860" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="z-index:1;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;font-size:120%;right:140px;margin:0.1em;font-family:&#39;Linux Libertine&#39;,Georgia,Times,serif ; line-height:0.9"><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><sub><span style="font-size:smaller;">47</span></sub>Ag</div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; margin:0; background:#f8f8f8;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="periodictable" style="margin:0 auto"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none; width:5px"><div style="background-color:transparent; margin:0; padding:0; text-align:center; border:none;"> <table style="empty-cells:hidden; border:none; padding:0; border-spacing:1px; border-collapse:separate; margin:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Hidrogen</span></a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Helium</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Lithium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Berilium" title="Berilium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Berilium</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Boron</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Karbon</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Nitrogen</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Oksigen</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluor"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Fluor</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Neon</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Natrium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Magnesium</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Aluminium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Silikon</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Fosfor</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulfur"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Sulfur</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clor&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Clor (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Clor</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Argon</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Potasium" class="mw-redirect" title="Potasium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Potasium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kalsium" title="Kalsium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Kalsium</span></a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Skandium" title="Skandium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Skandium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Titanium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Vanadium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Chromium" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Chromium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Mangan</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Besi</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cobalt"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Cobalt</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Nikel</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Tembaga</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Seng" title="Seng"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Seng</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Gallium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Germanium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Arsen</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Selen (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Selen</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bromin" title="Bromin"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Bromin</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Kripton</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Rubidium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" class="mw-redirect" title="Strontium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Strontium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;; width:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Yttrium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Yttrium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" class="mw-redirect" title="Zirconium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Zirconium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Niobium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" class="mw-redirect" title="Molybdenum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Molybdenum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" class="mw-redirect" title="Technetium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Technetium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruthenium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Ruthenium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Rhodium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" class="mw-redirect" title="Palladium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Palladium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silver" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Silver</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadmium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Cadmium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Indium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Tin</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Antimony" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimony"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Antimony</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tellurium" class="mw-redirect" title="Tellurium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Tellurium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iodine" class="mw-redirect" title="Iodine"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Iodine</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Xenon</span></a> </td></tr> <tr style="border:none;padding:0;"> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Caesium" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Caesium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Barium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanthanum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Lanthanum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cerium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Cerium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" class="mw-redirect" title="Praseodymium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Praseodymium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neodymium" class="mw-redirect" title="Neodymium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Neodymium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" class="mw-redirect" title="Promethium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Promethium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Samarium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Europium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Gadolinium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Terbium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" class="mw-redirect" title="Dysprosium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Dysprosium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Holmium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Erbium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thulium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Thulium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ytterbium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Ytterbium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutetium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Lutetium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Hafnium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Tantalum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" class="mw-redirect" title="Tungsten"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Tungsten</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhenium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Rhenium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Osmium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Iridium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Platinum" class="mw-redirect" title="Platinum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Platinum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gold" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Gold</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercury (element)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Mercury (element)</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thallium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Thallium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lead" class="mw-redirect" title="Lead"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Lead</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" class="mw-redirect" title="Bismuth"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Bismuth</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Polonium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Astatine" class="mw-redirect" title="Astatine"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Astatine</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Radon</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Francium" class="mw-redirect" title="Francium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Francium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Radium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Actinium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Actinium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thorium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Thorium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Protactinium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Protactinium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Uranium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Neptunium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Plutonium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Americium" class="mw-redirect" title="Americium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Americium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Curium" class="mw-redirect" title="Curium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Curium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Berkelium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Californium" class="mw-redirect" title="Californium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Californium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Einsteinium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Fermium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Mendelevium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Nobelium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrencium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Lawrencium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutherfordium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Rutherfordium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Dubnium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Seaborgium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Bohrium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Hassium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Meitnerium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Darmstadtium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Roentgenium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" class="mw-redirect" title="Copernicium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Copernicium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Nihonium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Flerovium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscovium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Moscovium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Livermorium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tennessine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennessine"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Tennessine</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" class="mw-redirect" title="Oganesson"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Oganesson</span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; width:10px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga">Cu</a><br />↑<br /><strong>Ag</strong><br />↓<br /><a href="/wiki/Emas" title="Emas">Au</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="nowrap" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; padding-top:0; padding-bottom:1px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Paladium" title="Paladium">paladium</a> ← <strong>perak</strong> → <a href="/wiki/Kadmium" title="Kadmium">kadmium</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Navbox_unsur_diperbesar" title="Templat:Navbox unsur diperbesar">Lihat bagan navigasi yang diperbesar</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nomor_atom" title="Nomor atom">Nomor atom</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(<i>Z</i>)</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">47</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Golongan_(tabel_periodik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Golongan (tabel periodik)">Golongan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_11" title="Unsur golongan 11">golongan&#160;11</a></span>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Periode_(tabel_periodik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Periode (tabel periodik)">Periode</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Periode_(tabel_periodik)#Periode_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Periode (tabel periodik)">periode&#160;5</a>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Blok_(tabel_periodik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok (tabel periodik)">Blok</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Blok-d" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok-d">blok-d</a>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Nama_kategori_unsur_kimia#Kategori" title="Nama kategori unsur kimia">Kategori unsur</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><span title="color legend: logam transisi" style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; width:6px; height:8px; border:1px solid black; background:#ffc0c0">&#160;</span> <a href="/wiki/Logam_transisi" title="Logam transisi">logam transisi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Berat_atom_standar" class="mw-redirect" title="Berat atom standar">Berat atom standar</a><span style="font-weight:normal;">&#x20;(<i>A</i><sub>r</sub>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002107868200000000♠"></span>107,8682<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0,0002</span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002107870000000000♠"></span>107,87<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0,01</span>&#160;(diringkas)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Konfigurasi_elektron" title="Konfigurasi elektron">Konfigurasi elektron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">&#91;<a href="/wiki/Krypton" class="mw-redirect" title="Krypton">Kr</a>&#93; 4d<sup>10</sup> 5s<sup>1</sup>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Kelopak_elektron" title="Kelopak elektron">Elektron per kelopak</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">2, 8, 18, 18, 1</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffc0c0">Sifat fisik</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Fase_benda" title="Fase benda">Fase</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">pada&#160;<a href="/wiki/Temperatur_dan_tekanan_standar" title="Temperatur dan tekanan standar">STS</a> (0&#160;°C dan 101,325&#160;<a href="/wiki/Pascal_(satuan)" title="Pascal (satuan)">kPa</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Padat" title="Padat">padat</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Titik_lebur" title="Titik lebur">Titik&#160;lebur</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">1234,93&#160;<a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a>&#x20;&#x200b;(961,78&#160;°C,&#x20;&#x200b;1763,2&#160;°F)&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Titik_didih" title="Titik didih">Titik&#160;didih</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">2435&#160;K&#x20;&#x200b;(2162&#160;°C,&#x20;&#x200b;3924&#160;°F)&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Massa_jenis" title="Massa jenis">Kepadatan</a>&#x20;<span style="font-weight:normal;">mendekati&#160;<a href="/wiki/Suhu_kamar" title="Suhu kamar">s.k.</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">10,49&#160;g/cm<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><span style="font-weight:normal;">saat&#160;cair, pada&#160;<abbr title="titik lebur">t.l.</abbr></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">9,320&#160;g/cm<sup>3</sup>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Kalor_peleburan" title="Kalor peleburan">Kalor&#160;peleburan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">11,28&#160;<a href="/wiki/Joule_per_mol" title="Joule per mol">kJ/mol</a>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Entalpi_penguapan" title="Entalpi penguapan">Kalor&#160;penguapan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">254&#160;kJ/mol&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Kapasitas_kalor" title="Kapasitas kalor">Kapasitas kalor molar</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">25,350&#160;J/(mol·K)&#x20;</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Tekanan_uap" title="Tekanan uap"><b>Tekanan&#160;uap</b></a><div style="margin:0 auto;"> <table class="wikitable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="text-align:center; width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th><i><abbr title="Suhu (Pascal)">P</abbr></i>&#160;<span style="font-weight:normal;">(Pa)</span> </th> <th>1 </th> <th>10 </th> <th>100 </th> <th>1&#160;k </th> <th>10&#160;k </th> <th>100&#160;k </th></tr> <tr> <th>pada&#160;<i><abbr title="Suhu (Kelvin)">T</abbr></i>&#160;<span style="font-weight:normal;">(K)</span> </th> <td>1283 </td> <td>1413 </td> <td>1575 </td> <td>1782 </td> <td>2055 </td> <td>2433 </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffc0c0">Sifat atom</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Bilangan_oksidasi" title="Bilangan oksidasi">Bilangan oksidasi</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">−2, −1, <span style="font-size:112%;"><b>+1</b></span>, +2, +3 (oksida <a href="/wiki/Amfoterisme" title="Amfoterisme">amfoter</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Elektronegativitas" title="Elektronegativitas">Elektronegativitas</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">Skala&#160;Pauling: 1,93&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Energi_ionisasi" title="Energi ionisasi">Energi ionisasi</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">ke-1:&#160;731,0&#160;kJ/mol&#x20;<br />ke-2:&#160;2070&#160;kJ/mol&#x20;<br />ke-3:&#160;3361&#160;kJ/mol&#x20;&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Jari-jari_atom" title="Jari-jari atom">Jari-jari atom</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">empiris:&#x20;144&#160;<a href="/wiki/Pikometer" title="Pikometer">pm</a>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Jari-jari_kovalen" title="Jari-jari kovalen">Jari-jari kovalen</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">145±5&#160;pm&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Jari-jari_van_der_Waals" title="Jari-jari van der Waals">Jari-jari van der Waals</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">172&#160;pm&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffc0c0">Lain-lain</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">Kelimpahan alami</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Nuklida_primordial" title="Nuklida primordial">primordial</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Struktur_kristal" title="Struktur kristal">Struktur kristal</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">&#x20;&#x200b;<a href="/wiki/Sistem_kristal_kubus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistem kristal kubus">kubus berpusat muka</a> (fcc)<div style="float:right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Cubic-face-centered.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Struktur kristal Face-centered cubic untuk perak" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/50px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/75px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/100px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="109" data-file-height="127" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Kecepatan_suara" class="mw-redirect" title="Kecepatan suara">Kecepatan suara</a>&#x20;<span style="font-weight:normal;">batang&#160;ringan</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">2680&#160;m/s&#x20;(pada&#160;<abbr title="suhu kamar">s.k.</abbr>)&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Pemuaian" title="Pemuaian">Ekspansi kalor</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">18,9&#160;µm/(m·K)&#x20;(suhu&#160;25&#160;°C)&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Konduktivitas_termal" title="Konduktivitas termal">Konduktivitas termal</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">429&#160;W/(m·K)&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Difusivitas_termal" title="Difusivitas termal">Difusivitas termal</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">174&#160;mm<sup>2</sup>/s&#x20;(suhu&#160;300&#160;K)&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Resistivitas_listrik" class="mw-redirect" title="Resistivitas listrik">Resistivitas listrik</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">15,87&#160;nΩ·m&#x20;(suhu&#160;20&#160;°C)&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Magnetisme" title="Magnetisme">Arah magnet</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Diamagnetik" class="mw-redirect" title="Diamagnetik">diamagnetik</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Suseptibilitas_magnetik" title="Suseptibilitas magnetik">Suseptibilitas magnetik molar</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="3004805000000000000♠"></span>−19,5<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−6</sup></span>&#160;cm<sup>3</sup>/mol&#x20;(296&#160;K)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Modulus_Young" title="Modulus Young">Modulus Young</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">83&#160;GPa&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Modulus_geser" title="Modulus geser">Modulus Shear</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">30&#160;GPa&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Modulus_kompresi" title="Modulus kompresi">Modulus curah</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">100&#160;GPa&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Rasio_Poisson" title="Rasio Poisson">Rasio Poisson</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">0,37&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Skala_Mohs" title="Skala Mohs">Skala Mohs</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">2,5&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Uji_kekerasan_Vickers" title="Uji kekerasan Vickers">Skala Vickers</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">251&#160;MPa&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Uji_kekerasan_Brinell" title="Uji kekerasan Brinell">Skala Brinell</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">206–250&#160;MPa&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Nomor_CAS" title="Nomor CAS">Nomor CAS</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">7440-22-4&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffc0c0">Sejarah</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Penemuan_unsur_kimia" title="Penemuan unsur kimia">Penemuan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><span class="nowrap">sebelum <a href="/wiki/Milenium_ke-5_SM" title="Milenium ke-5 SM">5000 SM</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">Simbol</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">"Ag": dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin">Latin</a> <i><a href="https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/argentum" class="extiw" title="wikt:argentum">argentum</a></i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Isotop_perak" title="Isotop perak">Isotop perak</a> yang utama</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"> <table class="wikitable" cellpadding="1" style="text-align:center;width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">Iso&#173;top</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kelimpahan_alami" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelimpahan alami">Kelim&#173;pahan</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Waktu_paruh" title="Waktu paruh">Waktu paruh</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(<i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub>)</span> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Peluruhan_radioaktif#Mode_peluruhan" title="Peluruhan radioaktif">Mode peluruhan</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Produk_peluruhan" title="Produk peluruhan">Pro&#173;duk</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><sup>105</sup>Ag </th> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Radioisotop_sintetis" title="Radioisotop sintetis">sintetis</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">41,2&#160;hri </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Penangkapan_elektron" class="mw-redirect" title="Penangkapan elektron">ε</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Paladium-105" class="mw-redirect" title="Paladium-105"><sup>105</sup>Pd</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sinar_gama" title="Sinar gama">γ</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><sup></sup>– </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><sup>106<a href="/wiki/Isomer_nuklir" title="Isomer nuklir">m</a></sup>Ag </th> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">sintetis </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">8,28&#160;hri </td> <td>ε </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Paladium-106" class="mw-redirect" title="Paladium-106"><sup>106</sup>Pd</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>γ </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><sup></sup>– </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><sup>107</sup>Ag </th> <td style="text-align:right">51,839% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Isotop_stabil" class="mw-redirect" title="Isotop stabil">stabil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><sup>108m</sup>Ag </th> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center">sintetis </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;">439&#160;thn </td> <td>ε </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Paladium-108" class="mw-redirect" title="Paladium-108"><sup>108</sup>Pd</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Transisi_isomerik" class="mw-redirect" title="Transisi isomerik">IT</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Perak-108" class="mw-redirect" title="Perak-108"><sup>108</sup>Ag</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>γ </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><sup></sup>– </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><sup>109</sup>Ag </th> <td style="text-align:right">48,161% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;">stabil </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><sup>110m</sup>Ag </th> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">sintetis </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">249,95&#160;hri </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peluruhan_beta" title="Peluruhan beta">β<sup>−</sup></a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Kadmium-110" class="mw-redirect" title="Kadmium-110"><sup>110</sup>Cd</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>γ </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><sup></sup>– </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><sup>111</sup>Ag </th> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">sintetis </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">7,45&#160;hri </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Kadmium-111" class="mw-redirect" title="Kadmium-111"><sup>111</sup>Cd</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>γ </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><sup></sup>– </td></tr></tbody></table><div style="clear:both;"></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint" style="border-top:1px dotted #ffc0c0; line-height:0.7"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Kotak_info_perak" title="Templat:Kotak info perak"><span title="Lihat templat ini">lihat</span></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Kotak_info_perak&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Kotak info perak (halaman belum tersedia)"><span title="Diskusikan templat ini">bicara</span></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Kotak_info_perak&amp;action=edit"><span title="Sunting templat ini">sunting</span></a></li></ul></div>|&#x20;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_data_references_for_chemical_elements" class="extiw" title="en:List of data references for chemical elements">referensi</a>&#x20;|&#x20;<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1090" class="extiw" title="d:Q1090">di Wikidata</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Perak</b> adalah <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kimia" title="Unsur kimia">unsur</a> <a href="/wiki/Logam" title="Logam">logam</a> dengan <a href="/wiki/Nomor_atom" title="Nomor atom">nomor atom</a> 47. <a href="/wiki/Simbol_kimia" class="mw-redirect" title="Simbol kimia">Simbolnya</a> adalah Ag, dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin">bahasa Latin</a> <i>argentum</i>, dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Akar_Proto-Indo-Eropa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Akar Proto-Indo-Eropa (halaman belum tersedia)">akar</a> <a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Indo-Eropa" title="Rumpun bahasa Indo-Eropa">PIE</a> yang direkonstruksi sebagai <i>*h₂erǵ-</i>, "abu-abu" atau "bersinar". Sebuah <a href="/wiki/Logam_transisi" title="Logam transisi">logam transisi</a> lunak, putih, dan berkilau, ia memiliki <a href="/wiki/Konduktivitas_listrik" class="mw-redirect" title="Konduktivitas listrik">konduktivitas listrik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konduktivitas_termal" title="Konduktivitas termal">konduktivitas termal</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Reflektivitas" title="Reflektivitas">reflektivitas</a> tertinggi di antara semua logam. Logam ini terjadi secara alamiah dalam bentuk murni, bentuk bebas (perak asli), sebagai <a href="/wiki/Logam_paduan" title="Logam paduan">paduan</a> dengan <a href="/wiki/Emas" title="Emas">emas</a> dan logam lainnya, dan dalam mineral seperti <a href="/wiki/Argentit" title="Argentit">argentit</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klorargirit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Klorargirit (halaman belum tersedia)">klorargirit</a>. Kebanyakan perak diproduksi sebagai produk samping penambangan <a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga">tembaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emas" title="Emas">emas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timah" title="Timah">timah</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Seng" title="Seng">seng</a>. </p><p>Perak telah lama dinilai sebagai <a href="/wiki/Logam_mulia" title="Logam mulia">logam mulia</a>. Lebih melimpah daripada emas, logam perak telah berfungsi di banyak yang sistem moneter pramodern sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata_uang_logam&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mata uang logam (halaman belum tersedia)">spesi</a> koin, kadang-kadang bahkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bimetalisme&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bimetalisme (halaman belum tersedia)">bersama emas</a>. Kemurniannya biasanya diukur berbasis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Per-mil&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Per-mil (halaman belum tersedia)">per-mil</a>; paduan murni 94% dijelaskan sebagai "0,940 fine". Selain itu, perak memiliki berbagai aplikasi di luar <a href="/wiki/Mata_uang" title="Mata uang">mata uang</a>, seperti pada <a href="/wiki/Panel_surya" title="Panel surya">panel surya</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyaringan_air&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Penyaringan air (halaman belum tersedia)">penyaringan air</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perhiasan" title="Perhiasan">perhiasan</a> dan ornamen, peralatan makan dan perabotan bernilai tinggi (muncullah istilah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perabot_perak_(rumah_tangga)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perabot perak (rumah tangga) (halaman belum tersedia)"><i>silverware</i></a>), dan juga sebagai <a href="/wiki/Investasi" title="Investasi">investasi</a> dalam bentuk <a href="/wiki/Uang_logam" title="Uang logam">koin</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulion&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulion (halaman belum tersedia)">bulion</a>. Perak digunakan industri dalam <a href="/wiki/Stop_kontak" class="mw-redirect" title="Stop kontak">stop kontak</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Penghantar_listrik" title="Penghantar listrik">konduktor listrik</a>, pada cermin khusus, pelapis jendela dan dalam <a href="/wiki/Katalisis" title="Katalisis">katalisis</a> reaksi kimia. Senyawanya digunakan dalam <a href="/wiki/Film_gulung" title="Film gulung">film fotografi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Sinar-X" title="Sinar-X">sinar-X</a>. Larutan <a href="/wiki/Perak_nitrat" title="Perak nitrat">perak nitrat</a> encer dan senyawa perak lainnya digunakan sebagai <a href="/wiki/Disinfektan" title="Disinfektan">disinfektan</a> dan mikrobisida (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Efek_oligodinamika&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Efek oligodinamika (halaman belum tersedia)">efek oligodinamika</a>), ditambahkan ke <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perban&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perban (halaman belum tersedia)">perban</a> dan pembalut luka, <a href="/wiki/Kateter" title="Kateter">kateter</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Peralatan_medis" class="mw-redirect" title="Peralatan medis">peralatan medis</a> lainnya. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Karakteristik">Karakteristik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Karakteristik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Karakteristik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:1000oz.silver.bullion.bar.underneath.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/1000oz.silver.bullion.bar.underneath.jpg/170px-1000oz.silver.bullion.bar.underneath.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/1000oz.silver.bullion.bar.underneath.jpg/255px-1000oz.silver.bullion.bar.underneath.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/1000oz.silver.bullion.bar.underneath.jpg/340px-1000oz.silver.bullion.bar.underneath.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1014" data-file-height="642" /></a><figcaption>Perak bulion batang 1000&#160;<a href="/wiki/Troy_ounce" class="mw-redirect" title="Troy ounce">ozt</a> (~31&#160;kg).</figcaption></figure> <p>Perak dihasilkan selama ledakan <a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">supernova</a> jenis tertentu oleh <a href="/wiki/Nukleosintesis" title="Nukleosintesis">nukleosintesis</a> dari unsur-unsur yang lebih ringan melalui <a href="/wiki/Proses_r" title="Proses r">proses-r</a>, suatu bentuk fusi nuklir yang menghasilkan banyak unsur yang lebih berat daripada <a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi">besi</a>, salah satunya adalah perak.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Perak sangat elastis, dapat dibentuk (sedikit lebih sulit daripada <a href="/wiki/Emas" title="Emas">emas</a>), <a href="/wiki/Logam_koin" title="Logam koin">logam koin</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valensi_(kimia)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Valensi (kimia) (halaman belum tersedia)">univalen</a>, kilau logam putih terang yang dapat <a href="/wiki/Pemolesan" title="Pemolesan">dipoles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-reflective_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reflective-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Perak terproteksi mempunyai <a href="/wiki/Reflektivitas" title="Reflektivitas">reflektivitas</a> optik yang lebih tinggi daripada <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a> pada panjang gelombang lebih dari ~450&#160;nm.<sup id="cite_ref-edwards_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edwards-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada panjang gelombang kurang dari 450&#160;nm, reflektivitas perak menjadi di bawah aluminium dan turun drastis menjadi nol pada 310&#160;nm.<sup id="cite_ref-gemin_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gemin-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Konduktivitas_listrik" class="mw-redirect" title="Konduktivitas listrik">Konduktivitas listrik</a> perak adalah yang tertinggi di antara seluruh logam, bahkan lebih tinggi daripada tembaga, tetapi tidak banyak digunakan untuk keperluan listrik karena biayanya yang tinggi. Perkecualian terhadap hal ini adalah dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rekayasa_frekuensi_radio&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rekayasa frekuensi radio (halaman belum tersedia)">rekayasa frekuensi radio</a>, terutama <a href="/wiki/Frekuensi_sangat_tinggi" title="Frekuensi sangat tinggi">VHF</a> dan frekuensi yang lebih tinggi, di mana pelapisan perak dilakukan untuk meningkatkan konduktivitas listrik pada bagian-bagian dan kabel-kabel tertentu (pada frekuensi tinggi <a href="/wiki/Efek_kulit" title="Efek kulit">arus cenderung mengalir pada permukaan konduktor</a>, bukan di dalam, oleh karenanya pelapisan emas meningkatkan konduktivitas secara keseluruhan). Perak juga mempunyai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Resistensi_kontak&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Resistensi kontak (halaman belum tersedia)">resistensi kontak</a> paling rendah di antara seluruh logam.<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Selama <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II" title="Perang Dunia II">Perang Dunia II</a> di AS, 13.540 ton digunakan dalam <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnet" title="Elektromagnet">elektromagnet</a> yang digunakan untuk pengayaan <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a>, terutama karena pada masa perang terjadi kekurangan tembaga.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Perak murni memiliki <a href="/wiki/Konduktivitas_termal" title="Konduktivitas termal">konduktivitas termal</a> tertinggi di antara seluruh logam, meskipun <a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">karbon</a> nonlogam dalam bentuk <a href="/wiki/Intan" title="Intan">intan</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Helium-4_superfluida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Helium-4 superfluida (halaman belum tersedia)">helium-4 superfluida</a> lebih tinggi.<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_halida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak halida (halaman belum tersedia)">Perak halida</a> bersifat <a href="/wiki/Fotosensitif" class="mw-redirect" title="Fotosensitif">fotosensitif</a> dan memiliki kemampuan yang menakjubkan dalam hal merekam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Citra_laten&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Citra laten (halaman belum tersedia)">citra laten</a> yang kemudian dapat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengembangan_fotografi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengembangan fotografi (halaman belum tersedia)">dikembangkan</a> secara kimiawi. Perak bersifat stabil di udara murni dan air, tetapi menjadi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kusam&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kusam (halaman belum tersedia)">kusam</a> (<i>tarnish</i>) ketika terpapar udara atau air yang mengandung <a href="/wiki/Ozon" title="Ozon">ozon</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen_sulfida" title="Hidrogen sulfida">hidrogen sulfida</a>, yang disebut terakhir membentuk lapisan hitam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_sulfida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak sulfida (halaman belum tersedia)">perak sulfida</a>, yang dapat dihilangkan dengan <a href="/wiki/Asam_klorida" title="Asam klorida">asam klorida</a> encer.<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bilangan_oksidasi" title="Bilangan oksidasi">Tingkat oksidasi</a> perak yang paling umum adalah +1 (misalnya, <a href="/wiki/Perak_nitrat" title="Perak nitrat">perak nitrat</a>, AgNO); yang kurang umum adalah senyawa +2 (misalnya, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak(II)_fluorida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak(II) fluorida (halaman belum tersedia)">perak(II) fluorida</a>, AgF), lebih tidak umum lagi adalah +3 (misalnya, kalium tetrafluoroargentat(III), KAgF), dan bahkan ada senyawa +4 (misalnya, kalium heksafluoroargentat(IV), K).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Isotop">Isotop</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Isotop" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Isotop"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Isotop_perak" title="Isotop perak">Isotop perak</a></div> <p>Perak alami tersusun atas dua <a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">isotop</a> stabil, <sup>107</sup>Ag dan <sup>109</sup>Ag, dengan <sup>107</sup>Ag sedikit lebih melimpah (51.839% <a href="/wiki/Kelimpahan_alami_unsur" title="Kelimpahan alami unsur">kelimpahan alami</a>). Kelimpahan yang hampir sama jarang didapat dalam tabel periodik. <a href="/wiki/Bobot_atom" class="mw-redirect" title="Bobot atom">Berat atom</a> perak 107,8682(2) g/<a href="/wiki/Mol" title="Mol">mol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Duapuluh delapan <a href="/wiki/Radionuklida" title="Radionuklida">radioisotop</a> telah diidentifikasi, yang paling stabil adalah <sup>105</sup>Ag dengan <a href="/wiki/Waktu_paruh" title="Waktu paruh">waktu paruh</a> 41,29 hari, <sup>111</sup>Ag dengan waktu paruh 7,45 hari, dan <sup>112</sup>Ag dengan waktu paruh 3,13 jam. Unsur ini memiliki sejumlah <a href="/wiki/Isomer_nuklir" title="Isomer nuklir">isomer nuklir</a>, yang palng stabil adalah <sup>108m</sup>Ag (t<sub>1/2</sub> = 418 tahun), <sup>110m</sup>Ag (t<sub>1/2</sub> = 249,79 hari) dan <sup>106m</sup>Ag (t<sub>1/2</sub> = 8,28 hari). Seluruh isotop <a href="/wiki/Peluruhan_radioaktif" title="Peluruhan radioaktif">radioaktif</a> sisanya memiliki waktu paruh kurang dari satu jam, dan sebagian besar memiliki waktu paruh kurang dari tiga menit. </p><p>Isotop perak mempunyai <a href="/wiki/Bobot_atom" class="mw-redirect" title="Bobot atom">massa atom relatif</a> berkisar antara 93,943 (<sup>94</sup>Ag) hingga 126,936 (<sup>127</sup>Ag);<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Moda_peluruhan" class="mw-redirect" title="Moda peluruhan">moda peluruhan</a> utama sebelum isotop stabil paling melimpah, <sup>107</sup>Ag, adalah <a href="/wiki/Penangkapan_elektron" class="mw-redirect" title="Penangkapan elektron">penangkapan elektron</a> dan moda utama setelahnya adalah <a href="/wiki/Peluruhan_beta" title="Peluruhan beta">peluruhan beta</a>. <a href="/wiki/Produk_peluruhan" title="Produk peluruhan">Produk peluruhan</a> utama sebelum <sup>107</sup>Ag adalah isotop <a href="/wiki/Paladium" title="Paladium">paladium</a> (unsur 46), dan produk utama setelahnya adalah isotop <a href="/wiki/Kadmium" title="Kadmium">kadmium</a> (unsur 48). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">Isotop</a> paladium <sup>107</sup>Pd meluruh melalui emisi beta menjadi <sup>107</sup>Ag dengan waktu paruh 6,5 juta tahun. <a href="/wiki/Meteorit_besi" title="Meteorit besi">Meteorit besi</a> adalah satu-satunya objek dengan rasio paladium terhadap perak yang cukup tinggi untuk menghasilkan variasi kelimpahan <sup>107</sup>Ag yang dapat diukur.<sup>107</sup>Ag <a href="/wiki/Radiogenik" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiogenik">radiogenik</a> pertama kali ditemukan dalam meteorit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Clara,_Durango&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Santa Clara, Durango (halaman belum tersedia)">Santa Clara</a> pada tahun 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Para penemu berpendapat tabrakan dan diferensiasi <a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">planet</a>-planet kecil berinti besi mungkin telah terjadi 10 juta tahun setelah peristiwa <a href="/wiki/Nukleosintesis" title="Nukleosintesis">nukleosintesis</a>. Korelasi <sup>107</sup>Pd–<sup>107</sup>Ag yang teramati dalam badan yang telah melebur dengan pasti sejak <a href="/wiki/Akresi_(astrofisika)" title="Akresi (astrofisika)">akresi</a> <a href="/wiki/Tata_surya" class="mw-redirect" title="Tata surya">tata surya</a> harus mencerminkan keberadaan nuklida tak stabil dalam sistem tata surya awal.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Senyawa">Senyawa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Senyawa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Senyawa"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Logam perak mudah larut dalam <a href="/wiki/Asam_nitrat" title="Asam nitrat">asam nitrat</a> (HNO) menghasilkan <a href="/wiki/Perak_nitrat" title="Perak nitrat">perak nitrat</a> (AgNO), yang disebut 'Kaustik Bulan', suatu padatan kristal transparan yang bersifat <a href="/wiki/Fotosensitif" class="mw-redirect" title="Fotosensitif">fotosensitif</a> dan mudah larut dalam air. Perak nitrat digunakan sebagai titik awal untuk sintesis banyak senyawa perak lainnya, sebagai <a href="/wiki/Antiseptik" title="Antiseptik">antiseptik</a>, dan sebagai pewarna kuning untuk kaca pada <a href="/wiki/Kaca_berwarna" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaca berwarna">kaca berwarna</a>. Logam perak tidak bereaksi dengan asam sulfat, yang digunakan dalam pembuatan perhiasan untuk membersihkan dan menghilangkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Firescale&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Firescale (halaman belum tersedia)">firescale</a> tembaga oksida dari artikel perak setelah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mematri&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mematri (halaman belum tersedia)">penyolderan perak</a> atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Annealing_(metallurgy)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Annealing (metallurgy) (halaman belum tersedia)">annealing</a>. Perak mudah bereaksi dengan belerang atau <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen_sulfida" title="Hidrogen sulfida">hidrogen sulfida</a> H menghasilkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_sulfida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak sulfida (halaman belum tersedia)">perak sulfida</a>, suatu senyawa berwarna gelap seperti noda yang dijumpai pada <a href="/wiki/Koin_perak" title="Koin perak">koin perak</a> dan objek lain. Perak sulfida Ag juga membentuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kumis_perak&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kumis perak (halaman belum tersedia)">kumis perak</a> ketika <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kontak_listrik&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kontak listrik (halaman belum tersedia)">kontak listrik</a> perak digunakan dalam atmosfer yang kaya akan <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen_sulfida" title="Hidrogen sulfida">hidrogen sulfida</a>. </p> <center><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 4{\text{ Ag}}+{\text{O}}_{2}+2{\text{ H}}_{2}{\text{S}}\longrightarrow 2{\text{ Ag}}_{2}{\text{S}}+2{\text{ H}}_{2}{\text{O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>4</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>&#xA0;Ag</mtext> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>&#xA0;H</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>S</mtext> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">&#x27F6;<!-- ⟶ --></mo> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>&#xA0;Ag</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>S</mtext> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>&#xA0;H</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 4{\text{ Ag}}+{\text{O}}_{2}+2{\text{ H}}_{2}{\text{S}}\longrightarrow 2{\text{ Ag}}_{2}{\text{S}}+2{\text{ H}}_{2}{\text{O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/32721c42bffee7fd723fd95d8c81d976f3a571fc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:40.305ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 4{\text{ Ag}}+{\text{O}}_{2}+2{\text{ H}}_{2}{\text{S}}\longrightarrow 2{\text{ Ag}}_{2}{\text{S}}+2{\text{ H}}_{2}{\text{O}}}"></span></center> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Cessna_210_Hagelflieger_Detail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Cessna_210_Hagelflieger_Detail.jpg/220px-Cessna_210_Hagelflieger_Detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Cessna_210_Hagelflieger_Detail.jpg/330px-Cessna_210_Hagelflieger_Detail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Cessna_210_Hagelflieger_Detail.jpg/440px-Cessna_210_Hagelflieger_Detail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2605" data-file-height="1954" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cessna_210" title="Cessna 210">Cessna&#160;210</a> dilengkapi dengan generator <a href="/wiki/Perak_iodida" title="Perak iodida">perak iodida</a> untuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Semai_awan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Semai awan (halaman belum tersedia)">menyemai awan</a> (<i>cloud seeding</i>)</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Perak_klorida" title="Perak klorida">Perak klorida</a> (AgCl) diendapkan dari larutan perak nitrat dengan adanya ion <a href="/wiki/Klorida" title="Klorida">klorida</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_halida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak halida (halaman belum tersedia)">perak halida</a> lainnya digunakan dalam pabrikasi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emulsi_fotografi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Emulsi fotografi (halaman belum tersedia)">emulsi fotografi</a> yang dibuat dengan cara yang sama, menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Garam" class="mw-redirect" title="Garam">garam</a> <a href="/wiki/Bromida" title="Bromida">bromida</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Iodida" title="Iodida">iodida</a>. Perak klorida digunakan dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrode_kaca&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektrode kaca (halaman belum tersedia)">elektrode kaca</a> untuk pengujian <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> dan pengukuran <a href="/w/index.php?title=Potensiometri&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Potensiometri (halaman belum tersedia)">potensiometri</a>, dan sebagai <a href="/wiki/Semen" title="Semen">semen</a> transparan untuk kaca. <a href="/wiki/Perak_iodida" title="Perak iodida">Perak iodida</a> telah digunakan dalam percobaan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Semai_awan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Semai awan (halaman belum tersedia)">penyemaian awan</a> untuk menghasilkan hujan.<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Perak halida sangat sukar larut dalam larutan akuatik dan digunakan dalam metode <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_basah&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia basah (halaman belum tersedia)">analisis</a> gravimetri. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Perak_oksida" title="Perak oksida">Perak oksida</a> (Ag), yang dihasilkan ketika larutan perak nitrat diberi perlakuan dengan basa, digunakan sebagai elektrode positif (<a href="/wiki/Anoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Anoda">anoda</a>) dalam <a href="/wiki/Baterai_(listrik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baterai (listrik)">baterai</a> arloji. <a href="/wiki/Perak_karbonat" title="Perak karbonat">Perak karbonat</a> (Ag) mengendap ketika perak nitrat diberi perlakuan dengan asam karbonat (Na).<sup id="cite_ref-photo_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-photo-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <center><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 2{\text{ AgNO}}_{3}+2{\text{ OH}}^{-}\longrightarrow {\text{Ag}}_{2}{\text{O}}+{\text{H}}_{2}{\text{O}}+2{\text{ NO}}_{3}^{-}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>&#xA0;AgNO</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>&#xA0;OH</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">&#x27F6;<!-- ⟶ --></mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>Ag</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>H</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>&#xA0;NO</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> </mrow> </msubsup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 2{\text{ AgNO}}_{3}+2{\text{ OH}}^{-}\longrightarrow {\text{Ag}}_{2}{\text{O}}+{\text{H}}_{2}{\text{O}}+2{\text{ NO}}_{3}^{-}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/48ddab81c7159839837493427c08380cc881e1a9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:46.855ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 2{\text{ AgNO}}_{3}+2{\text{ OH}}^{-}\longrightarrow {\text{Ag}}_{2}{\text{O}}+{\text{H}}_{2}{\text{O}}+2{\text{ NO}}_{3}^{-}}"></span></center> <center><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 2{\text{ AgNO}}_{3}+{\text{Na}}_{2}{\text{CO}}_{3}\longrightarrow {\text{Ag}}_{2}{\text{CO}}_{3}+2{\text{ NaNO}}_{3}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>&#xA0;AgNO</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>Na</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>CO</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">&#x27F6;<!-- ⟶ --></mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>Ag</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>CO</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>&#xA0;NaNO</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 2{\text{ AgNO}}_{3}+{\text{Na}}_{2}{\text{CO}}_{3}\longrightarrow {\text{Ag}}_{2}{\text{CO}}_{3}+2{\text{ NaNO}}_{3}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6b19d11221ff49d6a5d219a98517a3bdab9cdecf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:46.285ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 2{\text{ AgNO}}_{3}+{\text{Na}}_{2}{\text{CO}}_{3}\longrightarrow {\text{Ag}}_{2}{\text{CO}}_{3}+2{\text{ NaNO}}_{3}}"></span></center> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_fulminat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak fulminat (halaman belum tersedia)">Perak fulminat</a> (AgONC), adalah <a href="/wiki/Bahan_peledak" title="Bahan peledak">bahan peledak</a> yang kuat dan peka sentuhan yang digunakan dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Topi_perkusi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Topi perkusi (halaman belum tersedia)">topi perkusi</a>, dan dibuat dengan mereaksikan asam nitrat dengan asam nitrat dengan adanya <a href="/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol">etanol</a> (C). Senyawa perak lainnya yang berbahaya dan mudah meledak adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_azida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak azida (halaman belum tersedia)">perak azida</a> (AgN), dibuat dengan mereaksikan <a href="/wiki/Perak_nitrat" title="Perak nitrat">perak nitrat</a> dengan <a href="/wiki/Natrium_azida" title="Natrium azida">natrium azida</a> (NaN),<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_asetilida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak asetilida (halaman belum tersedia)">perak asetilida</a>, terbentuk ketika perak bereaksi dengan gas asetilena. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santir_laten&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Santir laten (halaman belum tersedia)">Santir laten</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">bahasa Inggris</a>&#58; <span lang="en"><i>Latent image</i></span>) yang terbentuk dalam kristal perak halida dikembangkan melalui perlakuan dengan <a href="/wiki/Reduktor" title="Reduktor">reduktor</a>, seperti <a href="/wiki/Hidrokuinon" title="Hidrokuinon">hidrokuinon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mentol" title="Mentol">mentol</a> (4-(metilamino)fenol sulfat) atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Askorbat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Askorbat (halaman belum tersedia)">askorbat</a> dalam larutan <a href="/wiki/Alkali" title="Alkali">alkalis</a>, yang mereduksi halida terpapar pada logam perak. Larutan alkalis perak nitrat dapat direduksi menjadi logam perak oleh <a href="/wiki/Gula_pereduksi" title="Gula pereduksi">gula pereduksi</a> seperti <a href="/wiki/Glukosa" title="Glukosa">glukosa</a>, dan reaksi ini digunakan pada <a href="/wiki/Cermin" title="Cermin">cermin</a> kaca perak dan interior <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ornamen_Natal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ornamen Natal (halaman belum tersedia)">ornamen Natal</a> dari kaca. Perak halida mudah larut dalam larutan <a href="/wiki/Natrium_tiosulfat" title="Natrium tiosulfat">natrium tiosulfat</a> (Na), yang digunakan sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fikser_fotografi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fikser fotografi (halaman belum tersedia)">fikser fotografi</a>, untuk menghilangkan kelebihan perak halida dari emulsi fotografi setelah pengembangan gambar.<sup id="cite_ref-photo_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-photo-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Logam perak dapat diserang oleh oksidator kuat seperti <a href="/wiki/Kalium_permanganat" title="Kalium permanganat">kalium permanganat</a> (KMnO) dan <a href="/wiki/Kalium_dikromat" title="Kalium dikromat">kalium dikromat</a> (K), dan dengan adanya <a href="/wiki/Kalium_bromida" title="Kalium bromida">kalium bromida</a> (KBr); senyawa-senyawa ini digunakan dalam fotografi untuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelantang&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kelantang (halaman belum tersedia)">mengelantang</a> citra-citra perak, mengubahnya menjadi perak halida yang dapat difiksasi dengan <a href="/wiki/Tiosulfat" title="Tiosulfat">tiosulfat</a> maupun dikembangkan ulang untuk <a href="/wiki/Kalium_dikromat#fotografi" title="Kalium dikromat">mengintensifkan</a> citra originalnya. Perak membentuk kompleks <a href="/wiki/Sianida" title="Sianida">sianida</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_sianida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak sianida (halaman belum tersedia)">perak sianida</a>) yang larut dalam air dengan adanya kelebihan ion sianida. Larutan perak sianida digunakan dalam <a href="/wiki/Galvanisasi" title="Galvanisasi">elektroplating</a> perak.<sup id="cite_ref-photo_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-photo-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meskipun perak normalnya memiliki <a href="/wiki/Bilangan_oksidasi" title="Bilangan oksidasi">tingkat oksidasi</a> +1 dalam senyawa, diketahui pula tingkat oksidasi lainnya, misalnya +3 dalam AgF, yang dihasilkan dari reaksi unsur perak atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_fluorida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak fluorida (halaman belum tersedia)">perak fluorida</a> dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kripton_difluorida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kripton difluorida (halaman belum tersedia)">kripton difluorida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Artefak perak mengalami tiga bentuk deteriorasi, yang paling umum adalah <a href="/wiki/Korosi" title="Korosi">korosi</a> dengan pembentukan lapisan hitam perak sulfida. Perak klorida segar, terbentuk ketika objek perak dicelupkan dalam air garam untuk waktu lama, berwarna kuning pucat, menjadi keunguan di bawah paparan cahaya dan sedikit terproyeksi dari permukaan artefak atau koin. Pengendapan tembaga dalam perak antik dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui umur artefak.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aplikasi">Aplikasi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Aplikasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Aplikasi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Banyak manfaat perak yang telah dikenal karena sifat <a href="/wiki/Logam_mulia" title="Logam mulia">logam mulianya</a>, termasuk moneter, contohnya: benda dekoratif, <a href="/wiki/Perhiasan" title="Perhiasan">perhiasan</a>, cermin, dan <a href="/wiki/Peralatan_makan" class="mw-redirect" title="Peralatan makan">peralatan makan</a> pada zaman dahulu. Warna putih cerahnya yang kontras dengan media lain menjadikannya sangat berguna dalam seni penglihatan. Sebaliknya, partikel perak halus berbentuk padatan hitam dalam fotografi dan dalam lukisan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Silverpoint&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Silverpoint (halaman belum tersedia)">silverpoint</a>. Ia juga lama digunakan untuk memberikan nilai moneter yang tinggi kepada objek (seperti <a href="/wiki/Koin" class="mw-redirect" title="Koin">koin</a> perak dan batangan untuk investasi) atau membuat suatu objek menjadi simbol kelas politik maupun sosial tinggi. Garam perak telah digunakan sejak Abad Pertengahan untuk menghasilkan pewarnaan kuning atau jingga dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaca_berwarna_abad_pertengahan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaca berwarna abad pertengahan (halaman belum tersedia)">pewarnaan kaca</a>, dan reaksi warna dekoratif yang lebih kompleks dapat dihasilkan dengan menggabungkan logam perak ke dalam tiupan gelas.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mata_uang">Mata uang</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Mata uang" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Mata uang"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Koin_perak" title="Koin perak">Koin perak</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Standar_perak&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Standar perak (halaman belum tersedia)">Standar perak</a></div> <p>Perak, dalam bentuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrum&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektrum (halaman belum tersedia)">elektrum</a> (paduan emas–perak), dibuat koin untuk membuat uang sekitar tahun 700&#160;SM oleh bangsa <a href="/wiki/Lydia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lydia">Lydia</a>. Kemudian, perak dimurnikan dan dibuat koin dalam bentuk murninya. Banyak bangsa menggunakan perak sebagai basis nilai moneternya. Pada abad modern, perak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulion&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulion (halaman belum tersedia)">bulion</a> mempunyai <a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">kode mata uang ISO</a> XAG. Nama <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">pound sterling</a> (£) mencerminkan fakta bahwa itu awalnya mewakili nilai satu pound <a href="/w/index.php?title=Massa_pound&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Massa pound (halaman belum tersedia)">berat menara</a> perak sterling (<i>sterling silver</i>); sejarah mata uang lainnya, seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Livre_Prancis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Livre Prancis (halaman belum tersedia)">livre Prancis</a>, memiliki etimologi serupa. Selama abad ke-19, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bimetalisme&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bimetalisme (halaman belum tersedia)">bimetalisme</a> yang tersebar luas di sebagian besar negara dikacaukan oleh penemuan deposit perak yang besar di Amerika; khawatir akan anjloknya nilai perak dan akhirnya mata uang mereka, sebagian besar negara telah beralih ke <a href="/wiki/Standar_emas" title="Standar emas">standar emas</a> pada tahun 1900. Dalam beberapa bahasa, termasuk Sansekerta, Spanyol, Prancis, dan Ibrani, istilah <i>perak</i> dapat berarti <i>uang</i>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Canadian_1951_Half_Dollar.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Canadian_1951_Half_Dollar.JPG/220px-Canadian_1951_Half_Dollar.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Canadian_1951_Half_Dollar.JPG/330px-Canadian_1951_Half_Dollar.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Canadian_1951_Half_Dollar.JPG/440px-Canadian_1951_Half_Dollar.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1484" data-file-height="1484" /></a><figcaption>Sebuah koin Canada 50 sen dari tahun 1951, dengan Raja George ke-6 pada bagian depan dan mantel senjata Kanada (dahulu) di sebaliknya. Ini terbuat dari 80% perak dan 20% tembaga.</figcaption></figure> <p>Abad ke-20 adalah saksi gerakan bertahap menuju <a href="/wiki/Mata_uang_fiat" class="mw-redirect" title="Mata uang fiat">mata uang fiat</a>, dengan hilangnya hubungan moneter dengan logam mulia di sebagian besar negara setelah <a href="/wiki/Dollar_Amerika_Serikat" class="mw-redirect" title="Dollar Amerika Serikat">dollar Amerika Serikat</a> menggantikan standar emas pada tahun 1971; mata uang terakhir yang didukung oleh emas adalah <a href="/wiki/Franc_Swiss" title="Franc Swiss">franc Swiss</a>, yang juga menjadi mata uang fiat murni pada 1 Mei 2000. Selama periode yang sama, perak secara bertahap berhenti digunakan dalam koin yang beredar. Di Inggris Raya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koin_pound_sterling&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Koin pound sterling (halaman belum tersedia)">standar perak</a> dikurangi dari 0,925 menjadi 0,500 pada tahun 1920. Koin yang semula dibuat dari perak mulai dibuat dari paduan tembaga-nikel pada tahun 1947; koin yang ada tidak ditarik, tetapi berhenti beredar sebagai kandungan perak telah melebihi nilai nominal. Pada tahun 1964 Amerika Serikat menghentikan pencetakan uang receh dan kartal perak; koin perak beredar terakhir kalinya tahun 1970 bernilai setengah dolar dengan kadar perak 40%.<sup id="cite_ref-SilverHalfDollar_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SilverHalfDollar-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 1968 Kanada mencetak koin perak terakhir mereka yang beredar, uang receh dan kartal berkadar perak 50%. </p><p>Puncaknya pada abad setelah Perang Saudara di Amerika Serikat, harga perak jauh di bawah nilai nominal koin perak yang beredar, mencapai titik <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nadir#Noun" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:nadir">nadirnya</a> sekitar $0,25 per ounce pada tahun 1932.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Berdasarkan ukuran ini, koin perak Amerika Serikat efektif merupakan koin fiat sepanjang sejarah mereka. Hingga tahun 1963 harga perak naik di atas ambang $1,29 per ounce, titik di mana kadar perak dalam koin Amerika Serikat pra-1965 adalah sama dengan nilai tertera itu sendiri.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Koin perak masih dicetak di beberapa negara sebagai item memoratif atau koleksi, tetapi tidak diedarkan untuk umum. </p><p>Perak digunakan sebagai mata uang oleh beberapa individu, dan merupakan <a href="/wiki/Alat_pembayaran_yang_sah" title="Alat pembayaran yang sah">alat pembayaran yang sah</a> di negara bagian <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a>, Amerika Serikat.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Koin perak dan bulion juga digunakan sebagai investasi untuk menjaga terhadap inflasi dan devaluasi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perhiasan_dan_peranti_perak">Perhiasan dan peranti perak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Perhiasan dan peranti perak" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Perhiasan dan peranti perak"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Iranian_-_Shallow_Vessel_-_Walters_571816.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Iranian_-_Shallow_Vessel_-_Walters_571816.jpg/220px-Iranian_-_Shallow_Vessel_-_Walters_571816.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Iranian_-_Shallow_Vessel_-_Walters_571816.jpg/330px-Iranian_-_Shallow_Vessel_-_Walters_571816.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Iranian_-_Shallow_Vessel_-_Walters_571816.jpg/440px-Iranian_-_Shallow_Vessel_-_Walters_571816.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1656" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>Mangkuk perak dangkal, Persia, abad ke-6 SM (<a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Akhemeniyah" title="Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah">era Akhemeniyah</a>). Tekanan lebih dalam menandakan tunas teratai, motif Mesir. Koleksi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walters_Art_Museum&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Walters Art Museum (halaman belum tersedia)">Walters Art Museum</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:SilverChainWornbyaWoman.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/SilverChainWornbyaWoman.png/220px-SilverChainWornbyaWoman.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/SilverChainWornbyaWoman.png/330px-SilverChainWornbyaWoman.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/SilverChainWornbyaWoman.png/440px-SilverChainWornbyaWoman.png 2x" data-file-width="1498" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><i>Rantai, dikenakan oleh a wanita</i>. Perak, dibuat di <a href="/wiki/Suriah" title="Suriah">Suriah</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Perhiasan" title="Perhiasan">Perhiasan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Pandai_perak" title="Pandai perak">Pandai perak</a></div> <p>Perhiasan dan peralatan perak tradisional terbuat dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_sterling&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak sterling (halaman belum tersedia)">perak sterling</a> (perak murni), suatu paduan 92,5% perak dengan 7,5% tembaga. Di AS, hanya paduan berkadar perak halus minimal 0,900 yang dapat dijual sebagai "perak" (oleh karena itu sering distempel 900). Perak sterling (stempel 925) lebih leras daripada perak murni, serta memiliki titik leleh yang lebih rendah (893&#160;°C (1.639&#160;°F; 1.166&#160;K)) daripada perak atau tembaga murni.<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_Britania&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak Britania (halaman belum tersedia)">Perak Britania</a> merupakan alternatif, standar mutu terdaftar dengan kandungan perak 95,8%, sering digunakan dalam pembuatan alat makan perak dan piring tempa. Dengan penambahan <a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">germanium</a>, terbentuklah logam paduan paten <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_sterling_Argentium&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak sterling Argentium (halaman belum tersedia)">perak sterling Argentium</a>, dengan peningkatan sifat antara lain ketahanan terhadap <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firescale&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Firescale (halaman belum tersedia)">firescale</a></i> </p><p>Perhiasan perak sterling sering diselubungi dengan lapisan tipis perak murni 0,999 untuk memperoleh kilau. Proses ini disebut "pengilasan" (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">bahasa Inggris</a>&#58; <span lang="en"><i>flashing</i></span>). Perhiasan perak dapat juga dilapisi dengan <a href="/wiki/Rodium" title="Rodium">rodium</a> (agar lebih cerah dan berkilau) atau <a href="/wiki/Emas" title="Emas">emas</a> (untuk membuat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emas_perak&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Emas perak (halaman belum tersedia)">emas perak</a> (<i>silver gilt</i>)) </p><p>Perak adalah komponen dalam hampir semua <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emas_berwarna&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Emas berwarna (halaman belum tersedia)">logam paduan emas yang berwarna</a> dan solder emas, sehingga paduan memiliki warna lebih pucat dan kekerasan lebih besar.<sup id="cite_ref-WGCcolors_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WGCcolors-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Emas putih 9 karat mengandung 62,5% perak dan 37,5% emas, sementara emas 22 karat menandung emas minimal 91,7% emas dan 8,3% perak atau tembaga atau logam lain.<sup id="cite_ref-WGCcolors_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WGCcolors-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Secara historis, pelatihan dan organisasi serikat <a href="/wiki/Pandai_emas" title="Pandai emas">pandai emas</a> termasuk pandai perak, dan kedua kelompok pengrajin ini masih tumpangsuh hingga sekarang. Tidak seperti <a href="/wiki/Pandai_besi" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandai besi">pandai besi</a>, pandai perak tidak membentuk logam saat membara, tetapi bekerja pada temperatur kamar dan melakukan paluan-paluan lembut. Esensi pandai perak adalah meratakan sekeping logam dan mengubahnya menjadi objek-objek yang bermanfaat menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Palu" title="Palu">palu</a> dan peralatan sederhana lain yang berbeda-beda.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meski secara prinsip memiliki spesialisasi dan berkarya menggunakan perak, mereka juga bekerja dengan <a href="/wiki/Logam_lain" class="mw-redirect" title="Logam lain">logam lain</a> seperti: <a href="/wiki/Emas" title="Emas">emas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga">tembaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baja" title="Baja">baja</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Kuningan_(logam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuningan (logam)">kuningan</a>. Mereka membuat <a href="/wiki/Perhiasan" title="Perhiasan">perhiasan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peranti_perak&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Peranti perak (halaman belum tersedia)">peranti perak</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peranti_perang&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Peranti perang (halaman belum tersedia)">peranti perang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vas" class="mw-redirect" title="Vas">vas</a>, dan benda-benda artistik lainnya. Oleh karena perak adalah logam yang mudah dibentuk, pandai perak memiliki banyak pilihan karya untuk logam ini. Secara historis, sebagian besar pandai perak juga merupakan pandai emas, sehingga biasanya bernaung di bawah <a href="/wiki/Serikat_pekerja" title="Serikat pekerja">serikat pekerja</a> yang sama. Dalam tradisi pandai perak Kanada bagian barat, tidak ada asosiasi pandai perak/emas; namun, diawasi melalui lembaga pendidikan yang menjadi sarana pembelajaran profesional bagi komunitas pengrajin.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Secara tradisional, pandai perak umumnya membuat "peranti perak" (<a href="/wiki/Peralatan_makan" class="mw-redirect" title="Peralatan makan">peralatan makan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peranti_meja&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Peranti meja (halaman belum tersedia)">peranti meja</a>, mangkuk, tempat lilin dan semacamnya). Peranti meja perak hasil pekerjaan tangan saat ini jauh kurang padat daripada sebelumnya. </p><p>Di Indonesia terdapat banyak sentra industri perak, dari Sabang sampai Merauke, antara lain <a href="/wiki/Koto_Gadang_Guguak,_Gunuang_Talang,_Solok" class="mw-redirect" title="Koto Gadang Guguak, Gunuang Talang, Solok">Koto Gadang</a>-<a href="/wiki/Sumatera_Barat" title="Sumatera Barat">Sumatera Barat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kotagede,_Yogyakarta" title="Kotagede, Yogyakarta">Kotagede</a> di <a href="/wiki/Daerah_Istimewa_Yogyakarta" title="Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta">D.I Yogyakarta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangil,_Pasuruan" title="Bangil, Pasuruan">Bangil</a> di <a href="/wiki/Jawa_Timur" title="Jawa Timur">Jawa Timur</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Celuk,_Bali&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Celuk, Bali (halaman belum tersedia)">Celuk</a> di <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a>. Tiap daerah memiliki keunikan tersendiri.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energi_surya">Energi surya</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Energi surya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Energi surya"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:EarthRangersCentre.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/EarthRangersCentre.JPG/220px-EarthRangersCentre.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/EarthRangersCentre.JPG/330px-EarthRangersCentre.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/EarthRangersCentre.JPG/440px-EarthRangersCentre.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Modul surya dipasang pada pelacak surya</figcaption></figure> <p>Perak digunakan pada pabrikasi kristal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Panel_fotovoltaik&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Panel fotovoltaik (halaman belum tersedia)">panel</a> surya.<sup id="cite_ref-panels_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-panels-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Perak juga digunakan dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sel_surya_plasmonik&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sel surya plasmonik (halaman belum tersedia)">sel surya plasmonik</a>. Sebanyak 100 juta ounces perak diproyeksikan untuk digunakan dalam energi surya pada tahun 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-silvinst_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-silvinst-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Perak merupakan pilihan lapisan reflektor untuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsentrasi_tenaga_surya&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsentrasi tenaga surya (halaman belum tersedia)">konsentrasi tenaga surya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 2009, para ilmuwan dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="National Renewable Energy Laboratory (halaman belum tersedia)">National Renewable Energy Laboratory</a> (NREL) dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=SkyFuel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="SkyFuel (halaman belum tersedia)">SkyFuel</a> membentuk team untuk menggambarkan lembaran logam besar melengkung yang berpotensi 30% lebih murah daripada pengumpul konsentrasi tenaga surya terbaik saat ini dengan cara mengganti model berbasis kaca dengan lembaran polimer perak yang memiliki kinerja yang sama seperti cermin kaca yang berat, tetapi jauh lebih ringan dari segi biaya maupun bobot. Selain itu, ini juga jauh lebih mudah dipasang dan diinstal. Lapisan mengkilap menggunakan beberapa lapis polimer, dengan lapisan dalam adalah perak murni. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Penyejuk_udara">Penyejuk udara</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Penyejuk udara" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penyejuk udara"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pada tahun 2014 para ilmuwan menemukan sebuah panel seperti cermin yang, juga dipasang pada gedung, bertindak layaknya sebuah <a href="/wiki/Penyejuk_udara" class="mw-redirect" title="Penyejuk udara">penyejuk udara</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ac-ag_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ac-ag-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Cermin itu terbuat dari beberapa lapisan logam berbentuk wafer tipis. Lapisan pertama adalah perak, bahan paling memantul di muka Bumi. Pada bagian puncak dari lapisan berseling ini adalah <a href="/wiki/Silikon_dioksida" title="Silikon dioksida">silikon dioksida</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Hafnium_oksida" class="mw-redirect" title="Hafnium oksida">hafnium oksida</a>. Lapisan ini meningkatkan reflektivitas, tetapi juga mengubah cermin menjadi radiator termal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pemurnian_air">Pemurnian air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Pemurnian air" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pemurnian air"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Perak digunakan dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemurni_air&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemurni air (halaman belum tersedia)">pemurni air</a>. Ia mencegah bakteri dan alga tumbuh di dalam filter. Aksi katalitik perak, bekerja sama dengan oksigen, mensanitasi air dan menghilangkan kebutuhan klorin. Ion perak juga ditambahkan ke dalam sistem pemurnian air di rumah sakit, sistem air komunitas, kolam renang dan spa, menggantikan klorin.<sup id="cite_ref-silvinst_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-silvinst-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kedokteran_gigi">Kedokteran gigi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Kedokteran gigi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kedokteran gigi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Perak dapat dibuat <a href="/wiki/Alloy" class="mw-redirect" title="Alloy">alloy</a> dengan <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercury (element)">raksa</a> pada suhu ruang untuk membuat <a href="/wiki/Amalgam" class="mw-disambig" title="Amalgam">amalgam</a> yang banyak digunakan untuk penambal gigi. Untuk membuat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amalgam_gigi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Amalgam gigi (halaman belum tersedia)">amalgam gigi</a>, campuran bubuk perak dan logam lain seperti <a href="/wiki/Timah" title="Timah">timah</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Emas" title="Emas">emas</a> dicampur dengan <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercury (element)">raksa</a> untuk membuat pasta keras yang dapat disesuaikan dengan bentuk lubang gigi. Amalgam gigi mulai mengeras dalam hitungan menit, dan keras permanen dalam beberapa jam. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fotografi_dan_elektronika">Fotografi dan elektronika</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Fotografi dan elektronika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Fotografi dan elektronika"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Penggunaan perak dalam fotografi, dalam bentuk perak nitrat dan <a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">halida</a> perak, telah menurun drastis karena permintaan konsumen atas film berwarna lebih rendah akibat munculnya teknologi digital. Dari kebutuhan puncak dunia atas perak pada tahun 1999 (267.000.000 <a href="/wiki/Troy_ounce" class="mw-redirect" title="Troy ounce">troy ounce</a> atau 8.304,6 <a href="/wiki/Metrik_ton" class="mw-redirect" title="Metrik ton">metrik ton</a>) pasar telah berkontraksi hampir 70% pada tahun 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-photosdemand_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-photosdemand-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beberapa produk listrik dan elektronik menggunakan perak untuk keunggulan konduktivitasnya, sekalipun ketika berkarat. Contoh utama untuk ini adalah dalam konektor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_frequency&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio frequency (halaman belum tersedia)">RF</a>. Kenaikan konduktivitas juga menguntungkan dalam rekayasa RF untuk <a href="/wiki/Very_high_frequency" class="mw-redirect" title="Very high frequency">VHF</a> dan frekuensi-frekuensi yang lebih tinggi, di mana kinduktor sering tidak dapat ditingkatkan 6%, karena kebutuhan tuning, musalnya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Filter_RF_dan_gelombang_mikro&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Filter RF dan gelombang mikro (halaman belum tersedia)">filter rongga</a> (<i>cavity filter</i>). Sebagai tambahan contoh, <a href="/wiki/Papan_sirkuit_cetak" title="Papan sirkuit cetak">PCB</a> dan antena <a href="/wiki/RFID" title="RFID">RFID</a> dapat dibuat menggunakan cat perak,<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dan papan ketik (<i>keyboard</i>) menggunakan kontak listrik perak. Perak kadmium oksida digunakan dalam stop kontak tegangan tinggi karena dapat menahan <a href="/wiki/Busur_listrik" class="mw-redirect" title="Busur listrik">pembusuran</a>. </p><p>Beberapa produsen memproduksi kabel konektor audio, kabel speaker, dan kabel listrik menggunakan konduktor perak, yang memiliki konduktivitas 6% lebih tinggi daripada kawat tembaga biasa dengan dimensi identik, tetapi harganya jauh lebih tinggi. Meskipun masih diperdebatkan, banyak penggemar hi-fi percaya kawat perak meningkatkan kualitas suara. </p><p>Perangkat kecil, seperti alat bantu dengar dan arloji, biasa menggunakan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baterai_perak_oksida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Baterai perak oksida (halaman belum tersedia)">baterai perak oksida</a> karena umurnya yang panjang dan rasio energi terhadap berat yang tinggi. Penggunaan lain adalah <a href="/wiki/Baterai" class="mw-redirect" title="Baterai">baterai</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baterai_perak_oksida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Baterai perak oksida (halaman belum tersedia)">perak-seng</a> dan perak-kadmium berkapasitas tinggi. </p><p>Dalam Perang Dunia II, terdapat kekurangan tembaga dan perak yang dipinjam dari <a href="/wiki/Departemen_Keuangan_Amerika_Serikat" title="Departemen Keuangan Amerika Serikat">Departemen Keuangan Amerika Serikat</a> untuk gulungan listrik selama memproduksi beberapa fasilitas termasuk yang digunakan dalam <a href="/wiki/Proyek_Manhattan" title="Proyek Manhattan">Proyek Manhattan</a>; lihat di bawah Sejarah, Perang Dunia II. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Salut_kaca">Salut kaca</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Salut kaca" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Salut kaca"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cermin_teleksopik">Cermin teleksopik</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Cermin teleksopik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Cermin teleksopik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Cermin" title="Cermin">Cermin</a> dalam hampir semua teleskop refleksi menggunakan salut <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a> vakum.<sup id="cite_ref-design_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-design-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Namun <a href="/wiki/Teleskop_inframerah" title="Teleskop inframerah">teleskop inframerah</a> atau termal menggunakan cermin bersalut perak karena kemampuan perak merefleksikan beberapa jenis radiasi inframerah lebih efektif daripada aluminium, sama baiknya dengan kemampuan perak mereduksi jumlah radiasi aktual yang diemisikan dari cermin (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emisivitas_termal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Emisivitas termal (halaman belum tersedia)">emisivitas termalnya</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-gemini_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gemini-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Perak, sebagai lapisan pelindung atau peningkat kinerja, dianggap sebagai penyalut logam generasi selanjutnya untuk cermin teleskop reflektif.<sup id="cite_ref-telescope_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telescope-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Jendela">Jendela</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Sunting bagian: Jendela" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Jendela"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dengan menggunakan suatu proses yang disebut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembersitan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembersitan (halaman belum tersedia)">pembersitan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">bahasa Inggris</a>&#58; <span lang="en"><i>sputtering</i></span>), perak, bersama dengan lapisan transparan optik lainnya, diaplikasikan pada gelas, menciptakan salut ber<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emisivitas_rendah&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Emisivitas rendah (halaman belum tersedia)">emisivitas rendah</a> yang digunakan dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glazur_isolasi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Glazur isolasi (halaman belum tersedia)">glazur isolasi</a> berkinerja tinggi. Jumlah perak yang digunakan per jendela relatif kecil karena tebal lapisan perak hanya 10–15 nanometer.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Namun, jumlah kaca bersalut perak yang diproduksi di seluruh dunia sekitar seratus juta meter persegi per tahun, memicu konsumsi perak menjadi 10 meter kubik atau 100 metrik ton per tahun. Warna perak yang terlihat pada kaca arsitektur dan jendela berwarna pada kendaraan diproduksi menggunakan pembersitan krom, baja nirkarat atau logam paduan lainnya. </p><p>Lembaran poliester bersalut perak, yang digunakan untuk jendela retrofit, merupakan metode populer lainnya untuk mengurangi transmisi cahaya.<sup id="cite_ref-silvinst_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-silvinst-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aplikasi_industri_dan_komersial_lainnya">Aplikasi industri dan komersial lainnya</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15" title="Sunting bagian: Aplikasi industri dan komersial lainnya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Aplikasi industri dan komersial lainnya"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:YanagisawaA9932J.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/YanagisawaA9932J.JPG/220px-YanagisawaA9932J.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/YanagisawaA9932J.JPG/330px-YanagisawaA9932J.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/YanagisawaA9932J.JPG/440px-YanagisawaA9932J.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saksofon_alto&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Saksofon alto (halaman belum tersedia)">Saksofon alto</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alat_musik_tiup_Yanagisawa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alat musik tiup Yanagisawa (halaman belum tersedia)">Yanagisawa A9932J</a> ini memiliki lonceng dan leher perak padat dengan tubuh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perunggu_fosfor&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perunggu fosfor (halaman belum tersedia)">perunggu fosfor</a> padat. Lonceng, leher, dan kunci-cangkir digravir. Diproduksi pada tahun 2008.</figcaption></figure> <p>Perak dan alloy perak digunakan dalam konstruksi banyak jenis alat musik tiup bermutu tinggi.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Flute, terutama, umumnya terbuat dari alloy perak atau berlapis perak, baik untuk penampilan maupun memanfaatkan sifat friksi permukaan perak. Alat musik tiup kuningan, seperti terompet dan bariton, juga umum dilapisi perak.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sifat katalitik perak menjadikannya ideal untuk digunakan sebagai <a href="/wiki/Katalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Katalis">katalis</a> dalam reaksi oksidasi, misalnya, produksi <a href="/wiki/Formaldehida" title="Formaldehida">formaldehida</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Metanol" title="Metanol">metanol</a> dan udara dengan adanya lapisan perak atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristalit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kristalit (halaman belum tersedia)">kristalit</a> yang mengandung perak minimum 99,95 persen berat. Perak (dalam kondisi yang sesuai) mungkin satu-satunya katalis yang tersedia saat ini untuk mengubah <a href="/wiki/Etilena" class="mw-redirect" title="Etilena">etilena</a> menjadi <a href="/wiki/Etilena_oksida" title="Etilena oksida">etilena oksida</a> (CH–O–CH) dalam sintesis <a href="/wiki/Etilena_glikol" title="Etilena glikol">etilena glikol</a>, yang digunakan untuk pembuatan <a href="/wiki/Poliester" title="Poliester">poliester</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Polietilena_tereftalat" title="Polietilena tereftalat">polietilena tereftalat</a>. Ini juga digunakan dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uji_Oddy&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Uji Oddy (halaman belum tersedia)">Uji Oddy</a> untuk mendeteksi senyawa belerang tereduksi dan karbonil sulfida. </p><p>Oleh karena perak mudah menyerap <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a> bebas, ia banyak digunakan untuk membuat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batang_pengendali&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Batang pengendali (halaman belum tersedia)">batang pengendali</a> untuk mengatur <a href="/wiki/Reaksi_berantai_nuklir" class="mw-redirect" title="Reaksi berantai nuklir">reaksi fisi nuklir</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Reaktor_air_bertekanan" title="Reaktor air bertekanan">reaktor nuklir air bertekanan</a>, umumnya dalam bentuk <a href="/wiki/Alloy" class="mw-redirect" title="Alloy">alloy</a> yang mengandung 80% perak, 15% <a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">indium</a>, dan 5% <a href="/wiki/Kadmium" title="Kadmium">kadmium</a>. </p><p>Perak digunakan untuk membuat <a href="/wiki/Solder" title="Solder">solder</a> dan aloy <a href="/wiki/Kuningan" title="Kuningan">kuningan</a> dan sebagai lapisan tipis pada permukaan dapra (<i>bearing</i>) yang dapat memberikan kenaikan signifikan pada ketahanan gesekan dan mengurangi beban pada pekerjaan berat, terutama terhadap baja. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biologi">Biologi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16" title="Sunting bagian: Biologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Biologi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pewarna_perak&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pewarna perak (halaman belum tersedia)">Pewarna perak</a> digunakan dalam biologi untuk meningkatkan kontras dan penampakan sel dan organel dalam mikroskopi. <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Golgi" title="Camillo Golgi">Camillo Golgi</a> menggunakan pewarna perak untuk mempelajari sel <a href="/wiki/Sistem_saraf" title="Sistem saraf">sistem saraf</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Badan_Golgi" title="Badan Golgi">badan Golgi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pewarna perak digunakan u ntuk mewarnai protein dalam elektroforesis gel dan gel poliakrilamida, baik sebagai pewarna utama atau untuk meningkatkan visibilitas dan kontras warna <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koloid_emas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Koloid emas (halaman belum tersedia)">koloid emas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ragi yang berbeda dari tambang emas Brazil, bebas mengalami bioakumulasi dan membentuk kompleks dengan ion perak. Sampel fungi <i><a href="/wiki/Aspergillus_niger" title="Aspergillus niger">Aspergillus niger</a></i> ditemukan tumbuh dalam larutan penambangan emas; dan ditemukan mengandung kompleks sianologam; seperti emas, perak, tembaga, besi dan seng. Fungi juga memainkan peran dalam keterlarutan sulfida logam berat.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bidang_kedokteran">Bidang kedokteran</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17" title="Sunting bagian: Bidang kedokteran" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bidang kedokteran"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_dalam_bidang_kedokteran&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak dalam bidang kedokteran (halaman belum tersedia)">Perak dalam bidang kedokteran</a></div> <p><b>Perak dalam bidang kedokteran</b> mencakup penggunaannya sebagai asuhan luka (<i>wound dressing</i>), dan fungsinya sebagai penyalut antibiotika untuk peralatan medis. Asuhan luka mengandung <a href="/wiki/Perak_sulfadiazin" title="Perak sulfadiazin">perak sulfadiazin</a> atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_nanopartikel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak nanopartikel (halaman belum tersedia)">perak nanomaterial</a> yang dapat digunakan dalam penanganan infeksi. Perak juga digunakan dalam beberapa aplikasi medis, seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kateter_uriner&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kateter uriner (halaman belum tersedia)">kateter uriner</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pipa_endotrakea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pipa endotrakea (halaman belum tersedia)">pipa pernapasan endotrakea</a>, yang beberapa bukti menunjukkan bahwa ini efektif dalam mengurangi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Infeksi_saluran_kencing&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Infeksi saluran kencing (halaman belum tersedia)">infeksi saluran kencing</a> yang berhubungan dengan kateter dan <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a> akibat ventilator.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bou2012_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bou2012-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">Ion</a> perak (Ag) adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bioaktif&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bioaktif (halaman belum tersedia)">bioaktif</a> dan dalam <a href="/wiki/Konsentrasi" title="Konsentrasi">konsentrasi</a> yang memadai dapat membunuh <a href="/wiki/Bakteri" title="Bakteri">bakteri</a> <i><a href="/wiki/In_vitro" title="In vitro">in vitro</a></i>. Perak dan perak nanopartikel digunakan sebagai antimikroba dalam berbagai industri, aplikasi kesehatan dan domestik.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Investasi">Investasi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=18" title="Sunting bagian: Investasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Investasi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Koin perak dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulion&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulion (halaman belum tersedia)">bulion</a> digunakan untuk investasi. Berbagai macam investasi perak dapat dilakukan pada pasar saham, termasuk saham tambang atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_mengalir&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak mengalir (halaman belum tersedia)">perak mengalir</a>, atau <a href="/wiki/Exchange-traded_fund" class="mw-redirect" title="Exchange-traded fund">exchange-traded fund</a> yang didukung perak.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Pengunggahan&amp;wpDestFile=Canadian_Silver_Maple_Leaf_coin_1_oz_reverse.png" class="new" title="Berkas:Canadian Silver Maple Leaf coin 1 oz reverse.png"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="130">Berkas:Canadian Silver Maple Leaf coin 1 oz reverse.png</span></a><figcaption>Koin perak 1 <a href="/wiki/Troy_ounce" class="mw-redirect" title="Troy ounce">troy ounce</a> bergambar daun Mapel Kanada.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Busana">Busana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=19" title="Sunting bagian: Busana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Busana"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Perak mencegah pertumbuhan <a href="/wiki/Bakteri" title="Bakteri">bakteri</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi">fungi</a> pada busana, seperti kaus kaki, sehingga kadang-kadang ditambahkan untuk mengurangi <a href="/wiki/Bau" title="Bau">bau</a> dan risiko <a href="/wiki/Infeksi" title="Infeksi">infeksi</a> bakteri dan fungi. Ia dimasukkan ke dalam busana atau sepatu baik dengan cara mengintegrasikan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_nanopartikel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak nanopartikel (halaman belum tersedia)">perak nanopartikel</a> ke dalam <a href="/wiki/Polimer" title="Polimer">polimer</a> benang dari awal pembuatan benang atau dengan menyalut benang menggunakan perak.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Kehilangan perak selama pencucian beragam antar teknologi tekstil, dan pengaruhnya pada lingkungan belum diketahui secara pasti.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=20" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Crescent_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Crescent_icon.svg/150px-Crescent_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Crescent_icon.svg/225px-Crescent_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Crescent_icon.svg/300px-Crescent_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bulan" title="Bulan">Bulan</a> sabit telah digunakan untuk mewakili perak sejak zaman kuno.</figcaption></figure> <p>Perak telah digunakan selama ratusan tahun untuk ornamen dan perabot, perdagangan, dan sebagai dasar sistem moneter. Nilainya sebagai logam berharga (<i>precious metal</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>n 1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> telah lama diakui hanya kalah dengan emas. Istilah <i><b>silver</b></i> muncul dalam bahasa <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Kuno" title="Bahasa Inggris Kuno">Anglo-Saxon</a> dengan ejaan yang beragam, seperti <i>seolfor</i> and <i>siolfor</i>. Bentuk serupa tampak juga dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Jerman" title="Bahasa Jerman">bahasa Jerman</a> (bandingkan dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Jerman_kuno&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Jerman kuno (halaman belum tersedia)">bahasa Jerman kuno</a>) <i>silabar</i> dan <i>silbir</i>). Simbol kimia Ag berasal dari bahasa <a href="/wiki/Latin" class="mw-disambig" title="Latin">Latin</a> untuk "perak", <i>argentum</i> (bandingkan dengan <a href="/wiki/Yunani_kuno" class="mw-redirect" title="Yunani kuno">Yunani kuno</a> ἄργυρος, <i>árgyros</i>), dari akar <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Eropa" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Indo-Eropa">Proto-Indo-Eropa</a> *<i>h₂erǵ-</i> (sebelumnya direkonstruksi sebagai <i>*arǵ-</i>), yang berarti "putih" atau "berkilau". Perak telah dikenal sejak zaman dahulu; ia disebut dalam <a href="/wiki/Kitab_Kejadian" title="Kitab Kejadian">Kitab Kejadian</a>. Tumpukan <a href="/wiki/Terak" title="Terak">terak</a> yang ditemukan di <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a> dan di kepulauan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laut_Aegean&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Laut Aegean (halaman belum tersedia)">Laut Aegean</a> mengindikasikan bahwa pernah ada usaha memisahkan perak dari <a href="/wiki/Timbal" title="Timbal">timbal</a> pada awal <a href="/wiki/Milenium_ke-4_SM" title="Milenium ke-4 SM">milenium ke-4 SM</a> menggunakan penambangan permukaan.<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Salah satu pusat ekstraksi perak pertama di Eropa adalah <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a> pada awal era Kalkolitik.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kestabilan <a href="/wiki/Mata_uang_Romawi" title="Mata uang Romawi">mata uang Romawi</a> bersandar pada kehandalan pasokan perak bulion, yang dihasilkan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metalurgi_Romawi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Metalurgi Romawi (halaman belum tersedia)">penambang Romawi</a> yang skalanya tak tertandingi pada era sebelum <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penemuan_Dunia_Baru&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Penemuan Dunia Baru (halaman belum tersedia)">penemuan Dunia Baru</a>. Pada masa produksi puncak 200 ton per tahun, diperkirakan stok perak beredar sebesar 10.000 ton dalam era <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perekonomi_Romawi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perekonomi Romawi (halaman belum tersedia)">perekonomi Romawi</a> pada pertengahan abad ke-2 setelah masehi, lima hingga sepuluh kali lebih besar daripada gabungan total perak tersedia di <a href="/wiki/Awal_Abad_Pertengahan" class="mw-redirect" title="Awal Abad Pertengahan">Eropa abad pertengahan</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbasid_Caliphate&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Abbasid Caliphate (halaman belum tersedia)">Caliphate</a> sekitar tahun 800 setelah masehi.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pejabat keuangan Kekaisaran Romawi khawatir kekurangan perak untuk membayar <a href="/wiki/Sutera" class="mw-redirect" title="Sutera">sutera</a> dari <a href="/wiki/China" class="mw-redirect" title="China">Sinica</a> (China) yang sangat diminati. </p><p>Tambang perak dibangun di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurium&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Laurium (halaman belum tersedia)">Laureion</a> selama tahun 483 SM.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dalam <a href="/wiki/Injil" title="Injil">Injil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yudas_Iskariot" title="Yudas Iskariot">Yudas Iskariot</a>, salah satu murid Yesus, terkenal karena menerima suap <a href="/wiki/Tiga_puluh_keping_perak" title="Tiga puluh keping perak">30 koin perak</a> dari imam-imam kepala di <a href="/wiki/Yerusalem" title="Yerusalem">Yerusalem</a> untuk menyerahkan <a href="/wiki/Yesus" title="Yesus">Yesus dari Nazareth</a> kepada Imam Besar Kayafas.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%2026:15;&amp;version=31;">Matthew 26:15</a> </p><p>Sepanjang sejarahnya, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekaisaran_China&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kekaisaran China (halaman belum tersedia)">Kekaisaran China</a> menggunakan perak sebagai alat tukar utamanya. Pada abad ke-19, ancaman terhadap neraca pembayaran <a href="/wiki/Inggris_Raya" class="mw-redirect" title="Inggris Raya">Inggris Raya</a> dari pedagang Cina yang menuntut pembayaran dalam bentuk perak untuk ditukar dengan <a href="/wiki/Teh" title="Teh">teh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sutera" class="mw-redirect" title="Sutera">sutera</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Porselen" title="Porselen">porselen</a> menyebabkan <a href="/wiki/Perang_Opium" class="mw-redirect" title="Perang Opium">Perang Opium</a> karena Inggris harus menemukan cara untuk mengatasi ketidakseimbangan pembayaran, dan mereka memutuskan untuk melakukannya dengan menjual <a href="/wiki/Opium" class="mw-redirect" title="Opium">opium</a> yang diproduksi di koloni mereka <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a> ke Cina.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Silver_mining_in_Kutn%C3%A1_Hora_1490s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Silver_mining_in_Kutn%C3%A1_Hora_1490s.jpg/210px-Silver_mining_in_Kutn%C3%A1_Hora_1490s.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Silver_mining_in_Kutn%C3%A1_Hora_1490s.jpg/315px-Silver_mining_in_Kutn%C3%A1_Hora_1490s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Silver_mining_in_Kutn%C3%A1_Hora_1490s.jpg/420px-Silver_mining_in_Kutn%C3%A1_Hora_1490s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1412" data-file-height="2056" /></a><figcaption>Penambangan dan pengolahan perak di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kutn%C3%A1_Hora&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kutná Hora (halaman belum tersedia)">Kutná Hora</a>, Eropa Tengah, 1490an</figcaption></figure> <p>Islam mengizinkan pria Muslim mengenakan cincin perak pada jari kelingking tangan manapun.<sup id="cite_ref-islam_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-islam-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Nabi <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> mengenakan cincin stempel perak.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Di benua Amerika, teknologi <a href="/wiki/Kupelasi" title="Kupelasi">kupelasi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">bahasa Inggris</a>&#58; <span lang="en"><i>cupellation</i></span>) perak-timbal temperatur tinggi dikembangkan oleh peradaban pra-Inca pada awal 60–120 setelah masehi.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perang_Dunia_II">Perang Dunia II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=21" title="Sunting bagian: Perang Dunia II" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Perang Dunia II"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Selama <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II" title="Perang Dunia II">Perang Dunia II</a>, krisis tembaga menyebabkan perannya digantikan oleh perak dalam aplikasi industri. Pemerintah Amerika Serikat meminjamkan perak dari cadangan besar yang terletak di kubah <a href="/wiki/West_Point" class="mw-disambig" title="West Point">West Point</a> untuk berbagai pengguna industri. Salah satu penggunaan yang sangat penting adalah untuk pendistribusi daya listrik pada pabrik aluminium baru yang dibutuhkan untuk membuat pesawat terbang. Selama perang, banyak konektor listrik dan stop kontak berlapis perak. Penggunaan lain adalah batang induk bantalan pesawat dan berbagai jenis bantalan lain. Sejak perak dapat menggantikan <a href="/wiki/Timah" title="Timah">timah</a> untuk <a href="/wiki/Solder" title="Solder">penyolderan</a> pada volume rendah, sejumlah besar timah dibebaskan untuk keperluan lain dengan menggantikan perak pemerintah. Perak juga digunakan sebagai reflektor pada lampu sorot dan berbagai jenis lampu. Perak digunakan dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikel_(koin_Amerika_Serikat)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikel (koin Amerika Serikat) (halaman belum tersedia)">uang receh</a> selama perang untuk menyelamatkan logam tersebut yang digunakan dalam baja paduan.<sup id="cite_ref-worldwar2_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-worldwar2-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Proyek_Manhattan" title="Proyek Manhattan">Proyek Manhattan</a> untuk mengembangkan bom atom menggunakan sekitar 14.700 ton perak pinjaman dari Departemen Keuangan Amerika Serikat untuk gulungan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalutron&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalutron (halaman belum tersedia)">kalutron</a> yang digunaka dalam proses pemisahan elektromagnetik di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kompleks_Keamanan_Nasional_Y-12&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kompleks Keamanan Nasional Y-12 (halaman belum tersedia)">Kompleks Keamanan Nasional Y-12</a> di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laboratorium_Nasional_Oak&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Laboratorium Nasional Oak (halaman belum tersedia)">Laboratorium Nasional Oak</a>. "Jalur pacu" oval memiliki distributor daya listrik yang terbuat dari perak dengan penampang satu kaki persegi.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Setelah perang usai, perak dikembalikan ke gudangnya.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Keberadaan_dan_ekstraksi">Keberadaan dan ekstraksi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=22" title="Sunting bagian: Keberadaan dan ekstraksi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Keberadaan dan ekstraksi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Silver_-_world_production_trend.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Silver_-_world_production_trend.svg/300px-Silver_-_world_production_trend.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Silver_-_world_production_trend.svg/450px-Silver_-_world_production_trend.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Silver_-_world_production_trend.svg/600px-Silver_-_world_production_trend.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="510" /></a><figcaption>Tren produksi perak</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Native_silver.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Native_silver.JPG/170px-Native_silver.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Native_silver.JPG/255px-Native_silver.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Native_silver.JPG/340px-Native_silver.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Bongkah perak alami</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penambangan_perak&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Penambangan perak (halaman belum tersedia)">Penambangan perak</a></div> <p>Perak ditemukan dalam bentuk asli, sebagai paduan dengan emas (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrum&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektrum (halaman belum tersedia)">elektrum</a>), dan dalam bijih yang mengandung <a href="/wiki/Belerang" title="Belerang">belerang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">arsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">antimon</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Klorin" title="Klorin">klorin</a>. Bijihnya termasuk <a href="/wiki/Argentit" title="Argentit">argentit</a> (Ag), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klorargirit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Klorargirit (halaman belum tersedia)">klorargirit</a> (AgCl), yang mencakup <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_tanduk&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak tanduk (halaman belum tersedia)">perak tanduk</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pirargirit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pirargirit (halaman belum tersedia)">pirargirit</a> (Ag). Sumber utama perak adalah bijih tembaga, tembaga-nikel, timah, dan timbal-seng yang diperoleh dari <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meksiko" title="Meksiko">Meksiko</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" class="mw-redirect" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Chile">Chile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polandia" title="Polandia">Polandia</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Peru, Bolivia dan Meksiko telah menambang perak sejak 1546, dan masih merupakan produsen utama dunia. Tambang perak teratas adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tambang_Cannington&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tambang Cannington (halaman belum tersedia)">Cannington</a> (Australia), Fresnillo (Mexico), San Cristobal (Bolivia), Antamina (Peru), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tambang_Rudna&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tambang Rudna (halaman belum tersedia)">Rudna</a> (Polandia), dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tambang_polimetal_Pe%C3%B1asquito&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tambang polimetal Peñasquito (halaman belum tersedia)">tambang polimetal Peñasquito</a> (Meksiko).<sup id="cite_ref-CPM_Group_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CPM_Group-66"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Proyek pengembangan tambang dalam waktu dekat tahun 2015 adalah Pascua Lama (Chile), Navidad (Argentina), Jaunicipio (Meksiko), Malku Khota (Bolivia),<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dan Hackett River (Kanada).<sup id="cite_ref-CPM_Group_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CPM_Group-66"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Di <a href="/wiki/Asia_Tengah" title="Asia Tengah">Asia Tengah</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tambang_di_Tajikistan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tambang di Tajikistan (halaman belum tersedia)">Tajikistan</a> dikenal memiliki beberapa deposit perak terbesar di dunia.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Produksi utama logam ini sebagai produk sampingan dari pemurnian <a href="/wiki/Elektrolisis" title="Elektrolisis">elektrolit</a> tembaga, emas, nikel, dan penyulingan seng, dan dengan aplikasi <a href="/wiki/Proses_Parkes" title="Proses Parkes">proses Parkes</a> logam timah yang diperoleh dari bijih timah yang mengandung sejumlah kecil perak. Perak kelas komersial yang baik memiliki kemurnian setidaknya 99,9%, dan tersedia juga kemurnian yang lebih besar dari 99,999%. Pada tahun 2014, Meksiko adalah produsen utama perak (5.000 <a href="/wiki/Ton" title="Ton">ton</a> atau 18,7% dari total produksi dunia 26.800 T), diikuti oleh China (4.060 T) dan Peru (3.780 T).<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dengan produksi konstan sebesar 278,78 ribu kilogram, maka cadangan perak di <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> masih dapat dieksploitasi hingga lebih dari 50 tahun lagi. Indonesia sendiri merupakan salah satu produsen perak terbesar dunia yang menyediakan 0,93% dari total produksi perak dunia. Sebagai produk sampingan dari penambangan emas, maka daerah penambangan emas pun menjadi sentra produksi perak di Indonesia. Beberapa daerah penghasil tersebut antara lain: <a href="/wiki/Kabupaten_Bengkalis" title="Kabupaten Bengkalis">Bengkalis</a> (Sumatra), <a href="/wiki/Bolaang_Mongondow_(disambiguasi)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bolaang Mongondow (disambiguasi)">Bolaang Mangondow</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sulawesi_Utara" title="Sulawesi Utara">Sulawesi Utara</a>); <a href="/wiki/Cikotok,_Cibeber,_Lebak" title="Cikotok, Cibeber, Lebak">Cikotok</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jawa_Barat" title="Jawa Barat">Jawa Barat</a>); <a href="/wiki/Logas_Tanah_Darat,_Kuantan_Singingi" title="Logas Tanah Darat, Kuantan Singingi">Logas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Riau" title="Riau">Riau</a>); <a href="/wiki/Meulaboh" title="Meulaboh">Meulaboh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aceh" title="Aceh">Aceh</a>); <a href="/wiki/Kabupaten_Rejang_Lebong" title="Kabupaten Rejang Lebong">Rejang Lebong</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bengkulu" title="Bengkulu">Bengkulu</a>). Selain itu perak juga terdapat di <a href="/wiki/Lampung" title="Lampung">Lampung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jambi" title="Jambi">Jambi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalimantan_Barat" title="Kalimantan Barat">Kalimantan Barat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papua" title="Papua">Papua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalimantan_Timur" title="Kalimantan Timur">Kalimantan Timur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sumatera_Utara" title="Sumatera Utara">Sumatera Utara</a> (Martabe).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Harga">Harga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=23" title="Sunting bagian: Harga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Harga"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_sebagai_investasi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak sebagai investasi (halaman belum tersedia)">Perak sebagai investasi</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Standar_perak&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Standar perak (halaman belum tersedia)">Standar perak</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Silver_price_in_USD.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Silver_price_in_USD.png/300px-Silver_price_in_USD.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Silver_price_in_USD.png/450px-Silver_price_in_USD.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Silver_price_in_USD.png/600px-Silver_price_in_USD.png 2x" data-file-width="994" data-file-height="645" /></a><figcaption>Perkembangan harga perak 1960–2011</figcaption></figure> <p>Per 12 Maret 2016, harga perak adalah US$483,91 per kilogram (US$15,61 per <a href="/wiki/Troy_ounce" class="mw-redirect" title="Troy ounce">troy ounce</a><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>). Ini sama dengan kira-kira <span class="template-frac">1⁄80</span> harga emas. Rasio ini bervariasi dari <span class="template-frac">1⁄15</span> hingga <span class="template-frac">1⁄100</span> dalam kurun waktu 100 tahun.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Harga perak bulion fisik lebih tinggi daripada harga kertas, dengan premi meningkat saat permintaan tinggi dan terjadi kekurangan lokal.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada tahun 1980, harga perak mencapai puncaknya dalam era modern yaitu US$49,45 per&#160;<a href="/wiki/Troy_ounce" class="mw-redirect" title="Troy ounce">troy ounce</a> (ozt) akibat <a href="/wiki/Manipulasi_pasar" title="Manipulasi pasar">manipulasi pasar</a> oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nelson_Bunker_Hunt&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nelson Bunker Hunt (halaman belum tersedia)">Nelson Bunker Hunt</a> dan Herbert Hunt (setara dengan $15.037&#32;pada 2022). Setelah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamis_Perak&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamis Perak (halaman belum tersedia)">Kamis Perak</a>, harga kembali menjadi $10/oz troy.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Dari tahun 2001 hingga 2010, harga perak bergerak dari $4,37 hingga $20,19 (rata-rata, London, US$/oz).<sup id="cite_ref-Silver_Institute_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silver_Institute-75"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Menurut <i>Silver Institute</i>, peningkatan tajam harga perak baru-baru ini berasal dari kenaikan minat investor dan peningkatan permintaan pabrikasi.<sup id="cite_ref-Silver_Institute_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silver_Institute-75"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada akhir April 2011, harga perak mencapai rekor tertinggi sepanjang masa $49,76/ozt. </p><p>Di masa sebelumnya, perak telah memiliki harga jauh lebih tinggi. Pada awal abad ke-15, harga perak diperkirakan telah melampaui $1.200 per ounce, berdasarkan nilai dolar tahun 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Penemuan deposit perak yang besar di Dunia Baru pada abad-abad berikutnya telah dinyatakan sebagai penyebab anjloknya harga secara drastis. </p><p>Harga perak adalah penting dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hukum_Yahudi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hukum Yahudi (halaman belum tersedia)">hukum Yahudi</a>. Jumlah <a href="/wiki/Kebijakan_fiskal" title="Kebijakan fiskal">fiskal</a> terendah pengadilan Yahudi, atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beth_Din&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Beth Din (halaman belum tersedia)">Beth Din</a>, dapat bersidang untuk mengadili suatu kasus adalah <i>shova pruta</i> (nilai dari koin Babilonia <i>pruta</i>). Nilai ini adalah tetap di 025 gram (0,88&#160;oz) untuk perak murni, atau dimurnikan, pada harga pasar. Dalam tradisi Yahudi, masih berlanjut hingga hari ini, pada ulang tahun pertama anak pertama, orang tua membayar harga lima koin perak murni kepada <i><a href="/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen">Kohen</a></i> (imam). Saat ini, Arta Yasa Israel menetapkan koin di 117 gram (4,1&#160;oz) perak. <i>Kohen</i> akan sering memberikan kembali uang perak mereka sebagai hadiah bagi anak yang mewarisinya.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Konsumsi_dan_paparan_pada_manusia">Konsumsi dan paparan pada manusia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=24" title="Sunting bagian: Konsumsi dan paparan pada manusia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Konsumsi dan paparan pada manusia"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tidak diketahui peran biologis alami perak pada manusia, dan kemungkinan pengaruh terhadap kesehatan masih berupa subyek perdebatan.<sup id="cite_ref-latimes_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes-78"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Perak sendiri tidak bersifat toksik pada manusia, tetapi sebagian besar <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Senyawa_perak" title="Kategori:Senyawa perak">garam perak</a> beracun. Dalam dosis besar, perak dan senyawanya dapat diserap ke dalam <a href="/wiki/Sistem_peredaran_darah" title="Sistem peredaran darah">sistem peredaran darah</a> dan disimpan di berbagai jaringan tubuh, menyebabkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Argiria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Argiria (halaman belum tersedia)">argiria</a>, yang menghasilkan pigmentasi biru keabu-abuan pada kulit, mata, dan <a href="/wiki/Membran_mukosa" title="Membran mukosa">membran mukosa</a>. Argyria jarang ditemukan, dan meskipun, sejauh yang diketahui, kondisi ini tidak dinyatakan membahayakan kesehatan seseorang, tetapi menyebabkan kelainan dan biasanya permanen. Argiria ringan kadang-kadang keliru dengan sianosis.<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pemantauan_paparan">Pemantauan paparan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=25" title="Sunting bagian: Pemantauan paparan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pemantauan paparan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Paparan perak berlebih dapat terjadi pada pekerja di industri metalurgi, orang yang mengonsumsi suplemen yang mengandung perak diet, pasien yang telah menerima pengobatan sulfadiazin perak, dan individu yang sengaja atau tidak sengaja menelan garam perak. Konsentrasi perak secara keseluruhan pada darah, plasma, serum, atau urin dapat diukur untuk memantau keselamatan pada pekerja yang terpapar, memastikan diagnosa pada korban keracunan potensial, atau untuk membantu penyelidikan forensik dalam kasus overdosis fatal.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Penggunaan_dalam_pangan">Penggunaan dalam pangan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=26" title="Sunting bagian: Penggunaan dalam pangan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penggunaan dalam pangan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Perak digunakan sebagai pewarna makanan dengan <a href="/wiki/Nomor_E" title="Nomor E">E174</a>; artinya disetujui penggunaannya di negara-negara <a href="/wiki/Uni_Eropa" title="Uni Eropa">Uni Eropa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Martínez-AbadOcio2013_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martínez-AbadOcio2013-80"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hidangan tradisional India kadang-kadang menggunakan dekorasi lembaran perak yang dikenal sebagai <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vark&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vark (halaman belum tersedia)">vark</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-ss_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ss-81"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dan dalam berbagai budaya, perak <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drag%C3%A9e&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dragée (halaman belum tersedia)">dragée</a></i> digunakan untuk menghias cake, cookies, dan makanan penutup (<i>dessert</i>) lainnya.<sup id="cite_ref-latimes_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes-78"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kesehatan_dan_keselamatan_kerja">Kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=27" title="Sunting bagian: Kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Orang bisa terpapar perak di tempat kerja melalui pernapasan, menelan, kontak kulit, dan kontak mata. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrasi_Keselamatan_dan_Kesehatan_Kerja&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrasi Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (halaman belum tersedia)">Administrasi Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja</a> (<i>Occupational Safety and Health Administration</i>, OSHA) telah menetapkan batas hukum (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas_paparan_diizinkan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Batas paparan diizinkan (halaman belum tersedia)">batas paparan diizinkan</a>) untuk paparan perak di tempat kerja 0,01&#160;mg/m<sup>3</sup> dalam 8 jam kerja. Lembaga Nasional untuk Keselamatan dan Kesehatan (<i><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health">National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</a></i>, NIOSH) telah menetapkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas_paparan_yang_direkomendasikan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Batas paparan yang direkomendasikan (halaman belum tersedia)">batas paparan yang direkomendasikan</a> (<i>Recommended exposure limit</i>, REL) 0,01&#160;mg/m<sup>3</sup> per 8 jam kerja. Pada tingkat 10&#160;mg/m<sup>3</sup>, perak <a href="/w/index.php?title=IDLH&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="IDLH (halaman belum tersedia)">berbahaya bagi kehidupan dan kesehatan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Menurut <a href="/wiki/Standar_Nasional_Indonesia" title="Standar Nasional Indonesia">SNI 19-0232-2005</a> paparan maksimal di udara pada lokasi kerja untuk perak logam adalah 0,1&#160;mg/m<sup>3</sup> dan persenyawaan terlarut sebagai Ag sebesar 0,01&#160;mg/m<sup>3</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_juga">Lihat juga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=28" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat juga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat juga"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Senyawa_perak" title="Kategori:Senyawa perak">Daftar senyawa perak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silverpoint&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Silverpoint (halaman belum tersedia)">Silverpoint</a> drawing</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_silver&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Free silver (halaman belum tersedia)">Free silver</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_elements&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="List of elements (halaman belum tersedia)">List of elements</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hardnesses_of_the_elements_(data_page)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hardnesses of the elements (data page) (halaman belum tersedia)">Hardnesses of the elements (data page)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catatan_kaki">Catatan kaki</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=29" title="Sunting bagian: Catatan kaki" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=29" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Catatan kaki"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Digunakan istilah logam berharga yang mencerminkan nilai ekonomi untuk membedakan dengan logam mulia (<i>noble metal</i>) yang lebih mencerminkan sifat inertnya.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=30" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=30" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18833634"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Indonesia" lang="Indonesia">(Indonesia)</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/perak">"Perak"</a>. <i>KBBI Daring</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">17 Juli</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=KBBI+Daring&amp;rft.atitle=Perak&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkbbi.kemdikbud.go.id%2Fentri%2Fperak&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110303222309/http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf"><i>CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> (edisi ke-86). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-8493-0486-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-8493-0486-5">0-8493-0486-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Magnetic+susceptibility+of+the+elements+and+inorganic+compounds&amp;rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&amp;rft.place=Boca+Raton+%28FL%29&amp;rft.edition=86&amp;rft.pub=CRC+Press&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.isbn=0-8493-0486-5&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20110303222309%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww-d0.fnal.gov%2Fhardware%2Fcal%2Flvps_info%2Fengineering%2Felementmagn.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Weast, Robert (1984). <i>CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</i>. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. hlm.&#160;E110. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-8493-0464-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-8493-0464-4">0-8493-0464-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=CRC%2C+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&amp;rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+Florida&amp;rft.pages=E110&amp;rft.pub=Chemical+Rubber+Company+Publishing&amp;rft.date=1984&amp;rft.isbn=0-8493-0464-4&amp;rft.aulast=Weast&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Hansen, C. J.; Primas, F. (2010). "Silver Stars". <i>Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union</i>. <b>5</b>: 67. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1743921310000207">10.1017/S1743921310000207</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+International+Astronomical+Union&amp;rft.atitle=Silver+Stars&amp;rft.volume=5&amp;rft.pages=67&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1743921310000207&amp;rft.aulast=Hansen&amp;rft.aufirst=C.+J.&amp;rft.au=Primas%2C+F.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reflective-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-reflective_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Alex Austin (2007). <i>The Craft of Silversmithing: Techniques, Projects, Inspiration</i>. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. hlm.&#160;43. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1600591310" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/1600591310">1600591310</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Craft+of+Silversmithing%3A+Techniques%2C+Projects%2C+Inspiration&amp;rft.pages=43&amp;rft.pub=Sterling+Publishing+Company%2C+Inc.&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.isbn=1600591310&amp;rft.au=Alex+Austin&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-edwards-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-edwards_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Edwards, H. W.; Petersen, R. P. (1936). "Reflectivity of evaporated silver films". <i>Physical Review</i>. <b>9</b> (9): 871. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1936PhRv...50..871E">1936PhRv...50..871E</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRev.50.871">10.1103/PhysRev.50.871</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Physical+Review&amp;rft.atitle=Reflectivity+of+evaporated+silver+films&amp;rft.volume=9&amp;rft.issue=9&amp;rft.pages=871&amp;rft.date=1936&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRev.50.871&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1936PhRv...50..871E&amp;rft.aulast=Edwards&amp;rft.aufirst=H.+W.&amp;rft.au=Petersen%2C+R.+P.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gemin-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gemin_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gemini.edu/sciops/telescopes-and-sites/optics/silver-vs-aluminum">"Silver vs. Aluminum"</a>. Gemini Observatory<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2014-08-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Silver+vs.+Aluminum&amp;rft.pub=Gemini+Observatory&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gemini.edu%2Fsciops%2Ftelescopes-and-sites%2Foptics%2Fsilver-vs-aluminum&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CRC-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_8-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hammond, C. R. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crchandbookofche81lide"><i>The Elements, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</i></a> (edisi ke-81st). CRC press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-8493-0485-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-8493-0485-7">0-8493-0485-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Elements%2C+in+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&amp;rft.edition=81st&amp;rft.pub=CRC+press&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=0-8493-0485-7&amp;rft.aulast=Hammond&amp;rft.aufirst=C.+R.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcrchandbookofche81lide&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Nichols, Kenneth D. (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/roadtotrinity0000nich"><i>The Road to Trinity</i></a>. Morrow, New York: Morrow. hlm.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/roadtotrinity0000nich/page/42">42</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-688-06910-X" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-688-06910-X">0-688-06910-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Road+to+Trinity&amp;rft.place=Morrow%2C+New+York&amp;rft.pages=42&amp;rft.pub=Morrow&amp;rft.date=1987&amp;rft.isbn=0-688-06910-X&amp;rft.aulast=Nichols&amp;rft.aufirst=Kenneth+D.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Froadtotrinity0000nich&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Young, Howard (11 September 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120208054014/http://www.tnengineering.net/AICHE/eastman-oakridge-young.htm">"Eastman at Oak Ridge During World War II"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tnengineering.net/AICHE/eastman-oakridge-young.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 2012-02-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Eastman+at+Oak+Ridge+During+World+War+II&amp;rft.date=2002-09-11&amp;rft.aulast=Young&amp;rft.aufirst=Howard&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tnengineering.net%2FAICHE%2Feastman-oakridge-young.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Oman, H. (1992). "Not invented here? Check your history". <i>Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine</i>. <b>7</b> (1): 51–53. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2F62.127132">10.1109/62.127132</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Aerospace+and+Electronic+Systems+Magazine&amp;rft.atitle=Not+invented+here%3F+Check+your+history&amp;rft.volume=7&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=51-53&amp;rft.date=1992&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2F62.127132&amp;rft.aulast=Oman&amp;rft.aufirst=H.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Riedel, Sebastian; Kaupp, Martin (2009). "The highest oxidation states of the transition metal elements". <i>Coordination Chemistry Reviews</i>. <b>253</b> (5–6): 606–624. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ccr.2008.07.014">10.1016/j.ccr.2008.07.014</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Coordination+Chemistry+Reviews&amp;rft.atitle=The+highest+oxidation+states+of+the+transition+metal+elements&amp;rft.volume=253&amp;rft.issue=5%E2%80%936&amp;rft.pages=606-624&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ccr.2008.07.014&amp;rft.aulast=Riedel&amp;rft.aufirst=Sebastian&amp;rft.au=Kaupp%2C+Martin&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/AtWt/index.html">"Atomic Weights of the Elements 2007 (IUPAC)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Atomic+Weights+of+the+Elements+2007+%28IUPAC%29&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chem.qmul.ac.uk%2Fiupac%2FAtWt%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=&amp;ascii=html&amp;isotype=some">"Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for All Elements (NIST)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Atomic+Weights+and+Isotopic+Compositions+for+All+Elements+%28NIST%29&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphysics.nist.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2FCompositions%2Fstand_alone.pl%3Fele%3D%26ascii%3Dhtml%26isotype%3Dsome&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=Ag&amp;ascii=html&amp;isotype=all">"Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for Silver (NIST)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Atomic+Weights+and+Isotopic+Compositions+for+Silver+%28NIST%29&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphysics.nist.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2FCompositions%2Fstand_alone.pl%3Fele%3DAg%26ascii%3Dhtml%26isotype%3Dall&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Kelly, William R.; Wasserburg, G. J. (1978). "Evidence for the existence of <sup>107</sup>Pd in the early solar system". <i>Geophysical Research Letters</i>. <b>5</b> (12): 1079–1082. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1978GeoRL...5.1079K">1978GeoRL...5.1079K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029%2FGL005i012p01079">10.1029/GL005i012p01079</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Research+Letters&amp;rft.atitle=Evidence+for+the+existence+of+%3Csup%3E107%3C%2Fsup%3EPd+in+the+early+solar+system&amp;rft.volume=5&amp;rft.issue=12&amp;rft.pages=1079-1082&amp;rft.date=1978&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1029%2FGL005i012p01079&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1978GeoRL...5.1079K&amp;rft.aulast=Kelly&amp;rft.aufirst=William+R.&amp;rft.au=Wasserburg%2C+G.+J.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Russell, Sara S.; Gounelle, Matthieu; Hutchison, Robert (2001). "Origin of Short-Lived Radionuclides". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophical_Transactions_of_the_Royal_Society_A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A (halaman belum tersedia)">Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A</a></i>. <b>359</b> (1787): 1991–2004. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001RSPTA.359.1991R">2001RSPTA.359.1991R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsta.2001.0893">10.1098/rsta.2001.0893</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/3066270">3066270</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Transactions+of+the+Royal+Society+A&amp;rft.atitle=Origin+of+Short-Lived+Radionuclides&amp;rft.volume=359&amp;rft.issue=1787&amp;rft.pages=1991-2004&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3066270&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsta.2001.0893&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2001RSPTA.359.1991R&amp;rft.aulast=Russell&amp;rft.aufirst=Sara+S.&amp;rft.au=Gounelle%2C+Matthieu&amp;rft.au=Hutchison%2C+Robert&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-photo-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-photo_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-photo_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-photo_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bjelkhagen, Hans I. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/silverhalidereco00bjel"><i>Silver-halide recording materials: for holography and their processing</i></a>. Springer. hlm.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/silverhalidereco00bjel/page/n172">156</a>–166. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/3-540-58619-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/3-540-58619-9">3-540-58619-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Silver-halide+recording+materials%3A+for+holography+and+their+processing&amp;rft.pages=156-166&amp;rft.pub=Springer&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.isbn=3-540-58619-9&amp;rft.aulast=Bjelkhagen&amp;rft.aufirst=Hans+I.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsilverhalidereco00bjel&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Meyer, Rudolf; Köhler, Josef &amp; Homburg, Axel (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=ATiYCfo1VcEC&amp;pg=PA284"><i>Explosives</i></a>. Wiley–VCH. hlm.&#160;284. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/3-527-31656-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/3-527-31656-6">3-527-31656-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Explosives&amp;rft.pages=284&amp;rft.pub=Wiley%E2%80%93VCH&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.isbn=3-527-31656-6&amp;rft.aulast=Meyer&amp;rft.aufirst=Rudolf&amp;rft.au=K%C3%B6hler%2C+Josef&amp;rft.au=Homburg%2C+Axel&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DATiYCfo1VcEC%26pg%3DPA284&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Earnshaw, A.; Greenwood, Norman (1997). <i>Chemistry of the Elements</i> (edisi ke-2nd). Elsevier. hlm.&#160;903. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780080501093" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780080501093">9780080501093</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Chemistry+of+the+Elements&amp;rft.pages=903&amp;rft.edition=2nd&amp;rft.pub=Elsevier&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.isbn=9780080501093&amp;rft.aulast=Earnshaw&amp;rft.aufirst=A.&amp;rft.au=Greenwood%2C+Norman&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130509014548/http://events.nace.org/library/corrosion/Artifacts/silver.asp">"Silver Artifacts"</a> in <i>Corrosion - Artifacts</i>. NACE Resource Center</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bullseyeglass.com/methods-ideas/a-riot-of-effects.html">"A Riot of Effects; Kilnforming"</a>. Bullseyeglass.com. 3 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=A+Riot+of+Effects%3B+Kilnforming&amp;rft.pub=Bullseyeglass.com&amp;rft.date=2011-02-03&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bullseyeglass.com%2Fmethods-ideas%2Fa-riot-of-effects.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SilverHalfDollar-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SilverHalfDollar_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130510201338/http://metallicoin.com/series.php?c=USA&amp;d=0.50">"US Half Dollar Timeline"</a>. <i>Metallicoin</i>. United States: metallicoin.com. Archived from the original on 2013-05-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Metallicoin&amp;rft.atitle=US+Half+Dollar+Timeline&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmetallicoin.com%2Fseries.php%3Fc%3DUSA%26d%3D0.50&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Url tak layak (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Url_tak_layak" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Url tak layak">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Daniela Pylypczak-Wasylyszyn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://commodityhq.com/education/a-brief-2000-year-history-of-silver-prices/">"The Historical Value of Silver: A 2000-Year Overview"</a>. <i>CommodityHQ.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=CommodityHQ.com&amp;rft.atitle=The+Historical+Value+of+Silver%3A+A+2000-Year+Overview&amp;rft.au=Daniela+Pylypczak-Wasylyszyn&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcommodityhq.com%2Feducation%2Fa-brief-2000-year-history-of-silver-prices%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304085114/https://www.silverinstitute.org/site/silver-price/silver-price-history/1960-1965/">"Silver Price History 1960-1965 - The Silver Institute"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.silverinstitute.org/site/silver-price/silver-price-history/1960-1965/">versi asli</a> tanggal 2016-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2016-03-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Silver+Price+History+1960-1965+-+The+Silver+Institute&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.silverinstitute.org%2Fsite%2Fsilver-price%2Fsilver-price-history%2F1960-1965%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">William Yardley (29 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/30/us/30gold.html">"Utah Law Makes Coins Worth Their Weight in Gold (or Silver)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Utah+Law+Makes+Coins+Worth+Their+Weight+in+Gold+%28or+Silver%29&amp;rft.date=2011-05-29&amp;rft.au=William+Yardley&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F05%2F30%2Fus%2F30gold.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WGCcolors-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WGCcolors_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WGCcolors_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100223192124/http://www.utilisegold.com/jewellery_technology/colours/colour_alloys">"Gold Jewellery Alloys: Utilise Gold. Scientific, industrial and medical applications, products ,suppliers from the World Gold Council"</a>. Utilisegold.com. 20 January 2000. Archived from the original on 2010-02-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Gold+Jewellery+Alloys%3A+Utilise+Gold.+Scientific%2C+industrial+and+medical+applications%2C+products+%2Csuppliers+from+the+World+Gold+Council&amp;rft.pub=Utilisegold.com&amp;rft.date=2000-01-20&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.utilisegold.com%2Fjewellery_technology%2Fcolours%2Fcolour_alloys&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Url tak layak (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Url_tak_layak" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Url tak layak">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chambersharrap.co.uk/chambers/features/chref/chref.py/main?query=Silversmith&amp;title=21st&amp;sourceid=Mozilla-search">"Chambers Search Chambers"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Chambers+Search+Chambers&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chambersharrap.co.uk%2Fchambers%2Ffeatures%2Fchref%2Fchref.py%2Fmain%3Fquery%3DSilversmith%26title%3D21st%26sourceid%3DMozilla-search&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">McRae, Kelly. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://westernhorseman.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=861&amp;Itemid=79">"Trade Secrets"</a>. Western Horseman Magazine<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Trade+Secrets&amp;rft.au=McRae%2C+Kelly&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwesternhorseman.com%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D861%26Itemid%3D79&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://djpen.kemendag.go.id/app_frontend/admin/docs/publication/7581360218691.pdf">"Membedah Potensi Industri Perak di Indonesia"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>, <i>Warta Ekspor</i> (edisi ke-April 2012), Kementerian Perdagangan Republik Indonesia</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Warta+Ekspor&amp;rft.atitle=Membedah+Potensi+Industri+Perak+di+Indonesia&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdjpen.kemendag.go.id%2Fapp_frontend%2Fadmin%2Fdocs%2Fpublication%2F7581360218691.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-panels-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-panels_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Allen Sykora (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kitco.com/reports/KitcoNews20101119AS_silver.html">"Rising Solar-Panel Generation Means Increasing Industrial Demand For Silver"</a>. Kitco News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2014-07-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Rising+Solar-Panel+Generation+Means+Increasing+Industrial+Demand+For+Silver&amp;rft.pub=Kitco+News&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.au=Allen+Sykora&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kitco.com%2Freports%2FKitcoNews20101119AS_silver.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-silvinst-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-silvinst_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-silvinst_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-silvinst_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140403182829/https://www.silverinstitute.org/site/silver-in-technology/silver-in-green/energy-reduction-windows/">"Silver in Windows and Glass – The Silver Institute"</a>. 2014-07-20. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.silverinstitute.org/site/silver-in-technology/silver-in-green/energy-reduction-windows/">versi asli</a> tanggal 2014-04-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2014-07-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Silver+in+Windows+and+Glass+%E2%80%93+The+Silver+Institute&amp;rft.date=2014-07-20&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.silverinstitute.org%2Fsite%2Fsilver-in-technology%2Fsilver-in-green%2Fenergy-reduction-windows%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Jaworske, D. A. (1997). "Reflectivity of silver and silver-coated substrates from 25&#160;°C to 800&#160;°C (for solar collectors)". <i>Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, 1997. IECEC-97., Proceedings of the 32nd Intersociety</i>. <b>1</b>: 407. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FIECEC.1997.659223">10.1109/IECEC.1997.659223</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-7803-4515-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-7803-4515-0">0-7803-4515-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Energy+Conversion+Engineering+Conference%2C+1997.+IECEC-97.%2C+Proceedings+of+the+32nd+Intersociety&amp;rft.atitle=Reflectivity+of+silver+and+silver-coated+substrates+from+25+%C2%B0C+to+800+%C2%B0C+%28for+solar+collectors%29&amp;rft.volume=1&amp;rft.pages=407&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FIECEC.1997.659223&amp;rft.isbn=0-7803-4515-0&amp;rft.aulast=Jaworske&amp;rft.aufirst=D.+A.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ac-ag-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ac-ag_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/nov/26/mirrors-air-conditioning-heat-space">"Mirrors could replace air conditioning by beaming heat into space"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2014-11-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&amp;rft.atitle=Mirrors+could+replace+air+conditioning+by+beaming+heat+into+space&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fscience%2F2014%2Fnov%2F26%2Fmirrors-air-conditioning-heat-space&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-photosdemand-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-photosdemand_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goldnews.bullionvault.com/silver-bullion-photographic-demand-062120133">"A Big Source of Silver Bullion Demand Has Disappeared"</a>. BullionVault<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2014-07-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=A+Big+Source+of+Silver+Bullion+Demand+Has+Disappeared&amp;rft.pub=BullionVault&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgoldnews.bullionvault.com%2Fsilver-bullion-photographic-demand-062120133&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Nikitin, Pavel V.; Lam, Sander &amp; Rao, K. V. S. (2005). "Low Cost Silver Ink RFID Tag Antennas". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160321212851/http://www.ee.washington.edu/faculty/nikitin_pavel/papers/APS_2005.pdf"><i>2005 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <b>2B</b>. hlm.&#160;353. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FAPS.2005.1552015">10.1109/APS.2005.1552015</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-7803-8883-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-7803-8883-6">0-7803-8883-6</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ee.washington.edu/faculty/nikitin_pavel/papers/APS_2005.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 2016-03-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2016-03-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Low+Cost+Silver+Ink+RFID+Tag+Antennas&amp;rft.btitle=2005+IEEE+Antennas+and+Propagation+Society+International+Symposium&amp;rft.pages=353&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FAPS.2005.1552015&amp;rft.isbn=0-7803-8883-6&amp;rft.aulast=Nikitin&amp;rft.aufirst=Pavel+V.&amp;rft.au=Lam%2C+Sander&amp;rft.au=Rao%2C+K.+V.+S.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ee.washington.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fnikitin_pavel%2Fpapers%2FAPS_2005.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-design-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-design_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Wilson, Ray N. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z-mQWTu7zFoC"><i>Reflecting Telescope Optics: Basic design theory and its historical development</i></a>. Springer. hlm.&#160;15, 241. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/3-540-40106-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/3-540-40106-7">3-540-40106-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Reflecting+Telescope+Optics%3A+Basic+design+theory+and+its+historical+development&amp;rft.pages=15%2C+241&amp;rft.pub=Springer&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=3-540-40106-7&amp;rft.au=Wilson%2C+Ray+N.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dz-mQWTu7zFoC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gemini-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gemini_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gemini.edu/project/announcements/press/2004-12.html">"Gemini Mirror is First With Silver Lining"</a>. Gemini Observatory<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2014-07-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Gemini+Mirror+is+First+With+Silver+Lining&amp;rft.pub=Gemini+Observatory&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gemini.edu%2Fproject%2Fannouncements%2Fpress%2F2004-12.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-telescope-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-telescope_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Todd Wilson (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PuN7l2A2uzQC"><i>Reflecting Telescope Optics I: Basic Design Theory and its Historical Development</i></a>. Springer Science &amp; Business Media<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2014-07-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Reflecting+Telescope+Optics+I%3A+Basic+Design+Theory+and+its+Historical+Development&amp;rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.au=Todd+Wilson&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPuN7l2A2uzQC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hill, Russ (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_0914289012"><i>Coated Glass Applications and Markets</i></a>. Fairfield, Calif.: BOC Coating Technology. hlm.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_0914289012/page/1">1</a>–4. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-914289-01-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-914289-01-2">0-914289-01-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Coated+Glass+Applications+and+Markets&amp;rft.place=Fairfield%2C+Calif.&amp;rft.pages=1-4&amp;rft.pub=BOC+Coating+Technology&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.isbn=0-914289-01-2&amp;rft.aulast=Hill&amp;rft.aufirst=Russ&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_0914289012&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Rossing, Thomas D. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9CRSRYQlRLkC&amp;pg=PA730"><i>The physics of musical instruments</i></a>. Springer. hlm.&#160;728–732. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-387-98374-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-387-98374-0">0-387-98374-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+physics+of+musical+instruments&amp;rft.pages=728-732&amp;rft.pub=Springer&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.isbn=0-387-98374-0&amp;rft.aulast=Rossing&amp;rft.aufirst=Thomas+D.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9CRSRYQlRLkC%26pg%3DPA730&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Meyers, Arnold (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D_15UtgRVJsC&amp;pg=PA132"><i>Musical instruments: history, technology, and performance of instruments of western music</i></a>. Oxford University Press. hlm.&#160;132. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-19-816504-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-19-816504-8">0-19-816504-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Musical+instruments%3A+history%2C+technology%2C+and+performance+of+instruments+of+western+music&amp;rft.pages=132&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=0-19-816504-8&amp;rft.aulast=Meyers&amp;rft.aufirst=Arnold&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DD_15UtgRVJsC%26pg%3DPA132&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Golgi, C. (1873). "Sulla struttura della sostanza grigia del cervello". <i>Gazzetta Medica Italiana (Lombardia)</i>. <b>33</b>: 244–246.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Gazzetta+Medica+Italiana+%28Lombardia%29&amp;rft.atitle=Sulla+struttura+della+sostanza+grigia+del+cervello&amp;rft.volume=33&amp;rft.pages=244-246&amp;rft.date=1873&amp;rft.aulast=Golgi&amp;rft.aufirst=C.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Oliver, C. (1994). "Use of Immunogold with Silver Enhancement". <i>Immunocytochemical Methods and Protocols</i>. Methods in Molecular Biology. <b>34</b>. hlm.&#160;211–216. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1385%2F0-89603285-X%3A211">10.1385/0-89603285-X:211</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-89603-285-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-89603-285-9">978-0-89603-285-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Use+of+Immunogold+with+Silver+Enhancement&amp;rft.btitle=Immunocytochemical+Methods+and+Protocols&amp;rft.series=Methods+in+Molecular+Biology&amp;rft.pages=211-216&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1385%2F0-89603285-X%3A211&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-89603-285-9&amp;rft.aulast=Oliver&amp;rft.aufirst=C.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Singh, Harbhajan (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WY3YvfNoouMC&amp;pg=PA507"><i>Mycoremediation: Fungal Bioremediation</i></a>. John Wiley &amp; Sons. hlm.&#160;507–509. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-470-05058-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-470-05058-3">978-0-470-05058-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Mycoremediation%3A+Fungal+Bioremediation&amp;rft.pages=507-509&amp;rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-470-05058-3&amp;rft.aulast=Singh&amp;rft.aufirst=Harbhajan&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWY3YvfNoouMC%26pg%3DPA507&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Beattie, M.; Taylor, J. (2011). "Silver alloy vs. Uncoated urinary catheters: A systematic review of the literature". <i>Journal of Clinical Nursing</i>. <b>20</b> (15–16): 2098–2108. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2702.2010.03561.x">10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03561.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21418360">21418360</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Nursing&amp;rft.atitle=Silver+alloy+vs.+Uncoated+urinary+catheters%3A+A+systematic+review+of+the+literature&amp;rft.volume=20&amp;rft.issue=15%E2%80%9316&amp;rft.pages=2098-2108&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1365-2702.2010.03561.x&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21418360&amp;rft.aulast=Beattie&amp;rft.aufirst=M.&amp;rft.au=Taylor%2C+J.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bou2012-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bou2012_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Bouadma, L; Wolff, M; Lucet, JC (August 2012). "Ventilator-associated pneumonia and its prevention". <i>Current opinion in infectious diseases</i>. <b>25</b> (4): 395–404. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2FQCO.0b013e328355a835">10.1097/QCO.0b013e328355a835</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22744316">22744316</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Current+opinion+in+infectious+diseases&amp;rft.atitle=Ventilator-associated+pneumonia+and+its+prevention&amp;rft.volume=25&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=395-404&amp;rft.date=2012-08&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2FQCO.0b013e328355a835&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22744316&amp;rft.aulast=Bouadma&amp;rft.aufirst=L&amp;rft.au=Wolff%2C+M&amp;rft.au=Lucet%2C+JC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Maillard, Jean-Yves; Hartemann, Philippe (2012). "Silver as an antimicrobial: Facts and gaps in knowledge". <i>Critical Reviews in Microbiology</i>. <b>39</b>: 1. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3109%2F1040841X.2012.713323">10.3109/1040841X.2012.713323</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22928774">22928774</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Critical+Reviews+in+Microbiology&amp;rft.atitle=Silver+as+an+antimicrobial%3A+Facts+and+gaps+in+knowledge&amp;rft.volume=39&amp;rft.pages=1&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3109%2F1040841X.2012.713323&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22928774&amp;rft.aulast=Maillard&amp;rft.aufirst=Jean-Yves&amp;rft.au=Hartemann%2C+Philippe&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tatyana Shumsky for the Wall Street Journal. Nov 12, 2014 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marketwatch.com/story/want-to-invest-in-silver-read-this-first-2014-11-12">Want to invest in silver? Read this first</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lansdown, Alan B. G. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QxtLm7MgQhYC&amp;pg=PA159"><i>Silver in Healthcare: Its Antimicrobial Efficacy and Safety in Use</i></a>. Royal Society of Chemistry. hlm.&#160;159. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1-84973-006-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/1-84973-006-7">1-84973-006-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Silver+in+Healthcare%3A+Its+Antimicrobial+Efficacy+and+Safety+in+Use&amp;rft.pages=159&amp;rft.pub=Royal+Society+of+Chemistry&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.isbn=1-84973-006-7&amp;rft.aulast=Lansdown&amp;rft.aufirst=Alan+B.+G.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQxtLm7MgQhYC%26pg%3DPA159&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Duquesne, Sophie; et al. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HEgZENiPqW8C&amp;pg=PA26"><i>Multifunctional barriers for flexible structure: textile, leather, and paper</i></a>. hlm.&#160;26. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/3-540-71917-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/3-540-71917-2">3-540-71917-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Multifunctional+barriers+for+flexible+structure%3A+textile%2C+leather%2C+and+paper&amp;rft.pages=26&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.isbn=3-540-71917-2&amp;rft.aulast=Duquesne&amp;rft.aufirst=Sophie&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHEgZENiPqW8C%26pg%3DPA26&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Geranio, L.; Heuberger, M.; Nowack, B. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publicationslist.org/data/nowack/ref-72/Geranio%20%282009%29.pdf">"The Behavior of Silver Nanotextiles during Washing"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Environmental Science &amp; Technology</i>. <b>43</b> (21): 8113–8118. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009EnST...43.8113G">2009EnST...43.8113G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fes9018332">10.1021/es9018332</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&amp;rft.atitle=The+Behavior+of+Silver+Nanotextiles+during+Washing&amp;rft.volume=43&amp;rft.issue=21&amp;rft.pages=8113-8118&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fes9018332&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009EnST...43.8113G&amp;rft.aulast=Geranio&amp;rft.aufirst=L.&amp;rft.au=Heuberger%2C+M.&amp;rft.au=Nowack%2C+B.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpublicationslist.org%2Fdata%2Fnowack%2Fref-72%2FGeranio%2520%25282009%2529.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati"><span title="&#160;pranala nonaktif sejak Mei 2021">pranala nonaktif permanen</span></a></i>&#93;</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110528105032/http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/178na5.pdf">Washing nanotextiles: can nanosilver escape from clothes?</a>, European Commission, 17 December 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Maria Grazia Melis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/9860173/Silver_in_Neolithic_and_Eneolithic_Sardinia_in_H._Meller_R._Risch_E._Pernicka_eds._Metalle_der_Macht_Fr%C3%BChes_Gold_und_Silber._6._Mitteldeutscher_Arch%C3%A4ologentag_vom_17._bis_19._Oktober_2013_in_Halle_Saale_Tagungen_des_Landesmuseums_f%C3%BCr_Vorgeschichte_Halle_11_Halle_Saale_2014">"Silver in Neolithic and Eneolithic Sardinia, in H. Meller/R. Risch/E. Pernicka (eds.), Metalle der Macht – Frühes Gold und Silber. 6. Mitteldeutscher Archäologentag vom 17. bis 19. Oktober 2013 in Halle (Saale), Tagungen des Landesmuseums für"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Silver+in+Neolithic+and+Eneolithic+Sardinia%2C+in+H.+Meller%2FR.+Risch%2FE.+Pernicka+%28eds.%29%2C+Metalle+der+Macht+%E2%80%93+Fr%C3%BChes+Gold+und+Silber.+6.+Mitteldeutscher+Arch%C3%A4ologentag+vom+17.+bis+19.+Oktober+2013+in+Halle+%28Saale%29%2C+Tagungen+des+Landesmuseums+f%C3%BCr&amp;rft.au=Maria+Grazia+Melis&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F9860173%2FSilver_in_Neolithic_and_Eneolithic_Sardinia_in_H._Meller_R._Risch_E._Pernicka_eds._Metalle_der_Macht_Fr%25C3%25BChes_Gold_und_Silber._6._Mitteldeutscher_Arch%25C3%25A4ologentag_vom_17._bis_19._Oktober_2013_in_Halle_Saale_Tagungen_des_Landesmuseums_f%25C3%25BCr_Vorgeschichte_Halle_11_Halle_Saale_2014&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/wiki/Clair_Cameron_Patterson" title="Clair Cameron Patterson">Patterson, C. C.</a> (1972). "Silver Stocks and Losses in Ancient and Medieval Times". <i>The Economic History Review</i>. <b>25</b> (2): 205–235 (216, table 2; 228, table 6). <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1468-0289.1972.tb02173.x">10.1111/j.1468-0289.1972.tb02173.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Economic+History+Review&amp;rft.atitle=Silver+Stocks+and+Losses+in+Ancient+and+Medieval+Times&amp;rft.volume=25&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=205-235+%28216%2C+table+2%3B+228%2C+table+6%29&amp;rft.date=1972&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-0289.1972.tb02173.x&amp;rft.aulast=Patterson&amp;rft.aufirst=C.+C.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">de Callataÿ, François (2005). "The Greco-Roman Economy in the Super Long-Run: Lead, Copper, and Shipwrecks". <i>Journal of Roman Archaeology</i>. <b>18</b>: 361–372 (365f.). <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs104775940000742x">10.1017/s104775940000742x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Roman+Archaeology&amp;rft.atitle=The+Greco-Roman+Economy+in+the+Super+Long-Run%3A+Lead%2C+Copper%2C+and+Shipwrecks&amp;rft.volume=18&amp;rft.pages=361-372+%28365f.%29&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs104775940000742x&amp;rft.aulast=de+Callata%C3%BF&amp;rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Amemiya, T. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DcTj4AUFemAC&amp;printsec=frontcover"><i>Economy and Economics of Ancient Greece</i></a>. Taylor &amp; Francis. hlm.&#160;7. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0203799313" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0203799313">0203799313</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Economy+and+Economics+of+Ancient+Greece&amp;rft.pages=7&amp;rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.isbn=0203799313&amp;rft.aulast=Amemiya&amp;rft.aufirst=T.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDcTj4AUFemAC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">White, Matthew (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatbigbookofho0000whit"><i>The Great Big Book of Horrible Things</i></a>. New York: W. W. Norton. hlm.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatbigbookofho0000whit/page/285">285</a>–286. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-393-08192-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-393-08192-3">978-0-393-08192-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Great+Big+Book+of+Horrible+Things&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=285-286&amp;rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-393-08192-3&amp;rft.aulast=White&amp;rft.aufirst=Matthew&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreatbigbookofho0000whit&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-islam-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-islam_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ahmad Ibn Naqib Al-Misri. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110612154809/http://www.shafiifiqh.com/maktabah/relianceoftraveller.pdf"><i>Reliance of the Traveller and Tools for the Worshipper</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. hlm.&#160;f17. Archived from the original on 2011-06-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2016-03-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Reliance+of+the+Traveller+and+Tools+for+the+Worshipper&amp;rft.pages=f17&amp;rft.au=Ahmad+Ibn+Naqib+Al-Misri&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shafiifiqh.com%2Fmaktabah%2Frelianceoftraveller.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Url tak layak (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Url_tak_layak" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Url tak layak">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Diana Scarisbrick (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SWMaY6JxN5sC&amp;pg=PT283"><i>Historic Rings: Four Thousand Years Of Craftsmanship</i></a>. Kodansha International. hlm.&#160;283–. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-4-7700-2540-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-4-7700-2540-1">978-4-7700-2540-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Historic+Rings%3A+Four+Thousand+Years+Of+Craftsmanship&amp;rft.pages=283-&amp;rft.pub=Kodansha+International&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=978-4-7700-2540-1&amp;rft.au=Diana+Scarisbrick&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSWMaY6JxN5sC%26pg%3DPT283&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Carol A. Schultze; Charles Stanish; David A. Scott; Thilo Rehren; Scott Kuehner; James K. Feathers. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/106/41/17280.full">"Direct evidence of 1,900 years of indigenous silver production in the Lake Titicaca Basin of Southern Peru"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</i>. <b>106</b> (41): 17280–17283. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0907733106">10.1073/pnas.0907733106</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&amp;rft.atitle=Direct+evidence+of+1%2C900+years+of+indigenous+silver+production+in+the+Lake+Titicaca+Basin+of+Southern+Peru&amp;rft.volume=106&amp;rft.issue=41&amp;rft.pages=17280-17283&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.0907733106&amp;rft.au=Carol+A.+Schultze&amp;rft.au=Charles+Stanish&amp;rft.au=David+A.+Scott&amp;rft.au=Thilo+Rehren&amp;rft.au=Scott+Kuehner&amp;rft.au=James+K.+Feathers&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pnas.org%2Fcontent%2F106%2F41%2F17280.full&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-worldwar2-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-worldwar2_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coinflation.com/coins/1942-1945-Silver-War-Nickel-Value.html">"Coinflation: 1942–1945 Silver Jefferson Nickel Value"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Coinflation%3A+1942%E2%80%931945+Silver+Jefferson+Nickel+Value&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coinflation.com%2Fcoins%2F1942-1945-Silver-War-Nickel-Value.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRhodes1986" class="citation book">Rhodes, Richard (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/makingofatomicbo00rich"><i>The Making of the Atomic Bomb</i></a>. London: Simon and Schuster. hlm.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/makingofatomicbo00rich/page/490">490</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0671441337" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0671441337">0671441337</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Making+of+the+Atomic+Bomb&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pages=490&amp;rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&amp;rft.date=1986&amp;rft.isbn=0671441337&amp;rft.aulast=Rhodes&amp;rft.aufirst=Richard&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmakingofatomicbo00rich&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov">Asimov, Isaac</a> (1966). <i>Building Blocks of the Universe</i>. Abelard-Schuman.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Building+Blocks+of+the+Universe&amp;rft.pub=Abelard-Schuman&amp;rft.date=1966&amp;rft.aulast=Asimov&amp;rft.aufirst=Isaac&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CPM_Group-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CPM_Group_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CPM_Group_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">CPM Group (2011). <i>CPM Silver Yearbook</i>. New York: Euromoney Books. hlm.&#160;68. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-9826741-4-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-9826741-4-7">978-0-9826741-4-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=CPM+Silver+Yearbook&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=68&amp;rft.pub=Euromoney+Books&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-9826741-4-7&amp;rft.au=CPM+Group&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120119090432/http://www.soamsilver.com/upload/Technical_Reports/Malku_Khota_PEA_Update_11_May_2011.pdf.pdf">"Preliminary Economic Assessment Technical Report 43-101"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. South American Silver Corp. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soamsilver.com/upload/Technical_Reports/Malku_Khota_PEA_Update_11_May_2011.pdf.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 19 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Preliminary+Economic+Assessment+Technical+Report+43-101&amp;rft.pub=South+American+Silver+Corp.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soamsilver.com%2Fupload%2FTechnical_Reports%2FMalku_Khota_PEA_Update_11_May_2011.pdf.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurasianet.org/node/67365">"Why Are Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan So Split on Foreign Mining?"</a>. EurasiaNet.org. 7 August 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Why+Are+Kyrgyzstan+and+Tajikistan+So+Split+on+Foreign+Mining%3F&amp;rft.pub=EurasiaNet.org&amp;rft.date=2013-08-07&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurasianet.org%2Fnode%2F67365&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Henry E. Hilliard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/silver/">"USGS Minerals Information: Silver"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=USGS+Minerals+Information%3A+Silver&amp;rft.au=Henry+E.+Hilliard&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminerals.usgs.gov%2Fminerals%2Fpubs%2Fcommodity%2Fsilver%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.easy.currency.extra.androary"><i>Easy Currency Converter</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, diakses tanggal 2016-03-12 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Easy+Currency+Converter&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplay.google.com%2Fstore%2Fapps%2Fdetails%3Fid%3Dcom.easy.currency.extra.androary&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;accessdate=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kitco.com/charts/historicalsilver.html?sitetype=fullsite"><i>Historical Silver Data and Charts</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Historical+Silver+Data+and+Charts&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kitco.com%2Fcharts%2Fhistoricalsilver.html%3Fsitetype%3Dfullsite&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kitco.com/charts/historicalgold.html?sitetype=fullsite"><i>Historical Gold Data and Charts</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Historical+Gold+Data+and+Charts&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kitco.com%2Fcharts%2Fhistoricalgold.html%3Fsitetype%3Dfullsite&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120521121906/http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/342907/20120518/will-precious-metal-premiums-one-day-trump.htm">"Will Precious Metal Premiums One Day Trump the Spot Price?"</a>. <i>International Business Times</i>. 18 May 2012. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/342907/20120518/will-precious-metal-premiums-one-day-trump.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 2012-05-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=International+Business+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Will+Precious+Metal+Premiums+One+Day+Trump+the+Spot+Price%3F&amp;rft.date=2012-05-18&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.com%2Farticles%2F342907%2F20120518%2Fwill-precious-metal-premiums-one-day-trump.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Abolafia, Mitchel Y; Kilduff, Martin (1988). "Enacting Market Crisis: The Social Construction of a Speculative Bubble". <i>Administrative Science Quarterly</i>. <b>33</b> (2): 177–193. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2393054">10.2307/2393054</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/2393054">2393054</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Administrative+Science+Quarterly&amp;rft.atitle=Enacting+Market+Crisis%3A+The+Social+Construction+of+a+Speculative+Bubble&amp;rft.volume=33&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=177-193&amp;rft.date=1988&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2393054&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2393054&amp;rft.aulast=Abolafia&amp;rft.aufirst=Mitchel+Y&amp;rft.au=Kilduff%2C+Martin&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Silver_Institute-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Silver_Institute_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Silver_Institute_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.silverinstitute.org/site/publications/"><i>World Silver Survey 2011</i></a>. London: The Silver Institute and GFMS Limited. 2011. hlm.&#160;8. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1059-6992">1059-6992</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=World+Silver+Survey+2011&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pages=8&amp;rft.pub=The+Silver+Institute+and+GFMS+Limited&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.issn=1059-6992&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.silverinstitute.org%2Fsite%2Fpublications%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goldinfo.net/silver600.html">Live Silver Prices, Silver Bullion Prices &amp; 650 Years of Silver Prices</a> di goldinfo.net <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Galat: URL arsip tidak dikenal</span>&#32;(diarsipkan tanggal 20100310133331). Goldinfo.net. Retrieved 2 May 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Dosick, Wayne D. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/livingjudaismcom00dosi"><i>Living Judaism: The Complete Guide to Jewish Belief, Tradition, and Practice</i></a>. HarperOne. hlm.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/livingjudaismcom00dosi/page/291">291</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780060621193" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780060621193">9780060621193</a>. <q>Harga ditetapkan di lima Shekalim (bentuk jamak dari Syikal (<i>Shekel</i>), satuan moneter waktu itu) untuk masing-masing 273 anak sulung tambahan (Bilangan 3:47). Uang itu diberikan kepada Harun, Imam, kepala suku Lewi.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Living+Judaism%3A+The+Complete+Guide+to+Jewish+Belief%2C+Tradition%2C+and+Practice&amp;rft.pages=291&amp;rft.pub=HarperOne&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.isbn=9780060621193&amp;rft.aulast=Dosick&amp;rft.aufirst=Wayne+D.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flivingjudaismcom00dosi&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-latimes-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-latimes_78-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-latimes_78-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Meisler, Andy (18 December 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.latimes.com/2005/dec/18/magazine/tm-dragee51">"A Tempest on a Tea Cart"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&amp;rft.atitle=A+Tempest+on+a+Tea+Cart&amp;rft.date=2005-12-18&amp;rft.aulast=Meisler&amp;rft.aufirst=Andy&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.latimes.com%2F2005%2Fdec%2F18%2Fmagazine%2Ftm-dragee51&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Baselt, R. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dispositionoftox0000base_v7n5"><i>Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man</i></a> (edisi ke-8th). Foster City, Calif.: Biomedical Publications. hlm.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dispositionoftox0000base_v7n5/page/1429">1429</a>–1431. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-9626523-7-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-9626523-7-7">0-9626523-7-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Disposition+of+Toxic+Drugs+and+Chemicals+in+Man&amp;rft.place=Foster+City%2C+Calif.&amp;rft.pages=1429-1431&amp;rft.edition=8th&amp;rft.pub=Biomedical+Publications&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.isbn=0-9626523-7-7&amp;rft.aulast=Baselt&amp;rft.aufirst=R.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdispositionoftox0000base_v7n5&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Martínez-AbadOcio2013-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Martínez-AbadOcio2013_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Martínez-Abad, A.; Ocio, M. J.; Lagarón, J. M.; Sánchez, G. (2013). "Evaluation of silver-infused polylactide films for inactivation of Salmonella and feline calicivirus in vitro and on fresh-cut vegetables". <i>International Journal of Food Microbiology</i>. <b>162</b> (1): 89–94. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijfoodmicro.2012.12.024">10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.12.024</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&amp;rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+silver-infused+polylactide+films+for+inactivation+of+Salmonella+and+feline+calicivirus+in+vitro+and+on+fresh-cut+vegetables&amp;rft.volume=162&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=89-94&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ijfoodmicro.2012.12.024&amp;rft.aulast=Mart%C3%ADnez-Abad&amp;rft.aufirst=A.&amp;rft.au=Ocio%2C+M.+J.&amp;rft.au=Lagar%C3%B3n%2C+J.+M.&amp;rft.au=S%C3%A1nchez%2C+G.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ss-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ss_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarita_Sarvate&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarita Sarvate (halaman belum tersedia)">Sarvate, Sarita</a> (4 April 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090214002122/http://indiacurrents.com/news/view_article.html?article_id=b8b860cc0946bef1dbe95caddfe4bcaa">"Silver Coating"</a>. India Currents. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiacurrents.com/news/view_article.html?article_id=b8b860cc0946bef1dbe95caddfe4bcaa">versi asli</a> tanggal 2009-02-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Silver+Coating&amp;rft.date=2005-04-04&amp;rft.aulast=Sarvate&amp;rft.aufirst=Sarita&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findiacurrents.com%2Fnews%2Fview_article.html%3Farticle_id%3Db8b860cc0946bef1dbe95caddfe4bcaa&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0557.html">"CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Silver (metal dust and soluble compounds, as Ag)"</a>. <i>www.cdc.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2015-11-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.cdc.gov&amp;rft.atitle=CDC+-+NIOSH+Pocket+Guide+to+Chemical+Hazards+-+Silver+%28metal+dust+and+soluble+compounds%2C+as+Ag%29&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fniosh%2Fnpg%2Fnpgd0557.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160909052745/http://web.ipb.ac.id/~tml_atsp/test/SNI%2019-0232-2005.pdf">"Nilai Ambang Batas (NAB) zat kimia di udara tempat kerja"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>, <i>SNI 19-0232-2005</i>, Badan Standardisasi Nasional, 2005, diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.ipb.ac.id/~tml_atsp/test/SNI%252019-0232-2005.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 2016-09-09<span class="reference-accessdate">, diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2016-03-12</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=SNI+19-0232-2005&amp;rft.atitle=Nilai+Ambang+Batas+%28NAB%29+zat+kimia+di+udara+tempat+kerja&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.ipb.ac.id%2F~tml_atsp%2Ftest%2FSNI%25252019-0232-2005.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerak" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=31" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=31" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="metadata plainlinks mbox-small" style="border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:3px;"> <tbody><tr style="height:25px;"> <td colspan="2" style="margin: auto; text-align: center;padding-bottom:5px;"><b>Cari tahu mengenai Perak pada proyek-proyek Wikimedia lainnya:</b> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//id.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/silver" title="Cari di Wiktionary"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Wiktionary-logo-id.svg/21px-Wiktionary-logo-id.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Wiktionary-logo-id.svg/31px-Wiktionary-logo-id.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Wiktionary-logo-id.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-id.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="474" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/silver" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/silver">Definisi dan terjemahan</a> dari Wiktionary<br /> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/silver" title="Cari di Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/37px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/silver" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/silver">Gambar dan media</a> dari Commons<br /> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//id.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/silver" title="Cari di Wikiquote"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/21px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/42px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://id.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/silver" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/silver">Kutipan</a> dari Wikiquote<br /> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/podcast/element.asp">Chemistry in its element podcast</a> (MP3) from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Chemistry" title="Royal Society of Chemistry">Royal Society of Chemistry</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Chemistry_World" title="Chemistry World">Chemistry World</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rsc.org/images/CIIE_silver_48kbps_tcm18-118748.mp3">Silver</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.periodicvideos.com/videos/047.htm">Silver</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/The_Periodic_Table_of_Videos" title="The Periodic Table of Videos">The Periodic Table of Videos</a></i> (University of Nottingham)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.silversmithing.com/">Society of American Silversmiths</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.silverinstitute.org/">The Silver Institute</a> A silver industry website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theodoregray.com/PeriodicTable/Elements/047/index.html">A collection of silver items</a> Samples of silver</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/EcoNatRes.Argentum">Transport, Fate and Effects of Silver in the Environment</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0557.html">CDC – NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards – Silver</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pniok.de/ag.htm">Picture in the Element collection from Heinrich Pniok</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170525031514/http://www.pniok.de/ag.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 2017-05-25 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apepi.co.id">Asosiasi Pengusaha Emas dan Perhiasan Indonesia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.quora.com/Whats-the-difference-between-bar-bullion-and-ingot">What's the difference between bar, bullion, and ingot?</a> from Quora</li></ul> <table class="navbox collapsible uncollapsed" cellpadding="0" style="table-layout:fixed; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="33" style="padding:0 1em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-collapse navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Tabel_periodik_unsur_kimia" title="Templat:Tabel periodik unsur kimia"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Tabel_periodik_unsur_kimia" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Tabel periodik unsur kimia"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Tabel_periodik_unsur_kimia&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div class="navbar-ct-mini"><a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik">Tabel periodik</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik_(sel_besar)" title="Tabel periodik (sel besar)"><small>(besar)</small></a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:100%;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali_tanah" title="Logam alkali tanah">2</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_3" title="Unsur golongan 3">3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_4" title="Unsur golongan 4">4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_5" title="Unsur golongan 5">5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_6" title="Unsur golongan 6">6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_7" title="Unsur golongan 7">7</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_8" title="Unsur golongan 8">8</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_9" title="Unsur golongan 9">9</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_10" title="Unsur golongan 10">10</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_11" title="Unsur golongan 11">11</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_12" title="Unsur golongan 12">12</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golongan_boron" title="Golongan boron">13</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golongan_karbon" title="Golongan karbon">14</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pniktogen" title="Pniktogen">15</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalkogen" title="Kalkogen">16</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">17</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gas_mulia" title="Gas mulia">18</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_1" title="Unsur periode 1">1</a> </td> <td title="Hidrogen, 1 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen"><span style="display:block">H</span></a> </td> <td colspan="30"> </td> <td title="Helium, 2 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium"><span style="display:block">He</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_2" title="Unsur periode 2">2</a> </td> <td title="Litium, 3 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Litium" title="Litium"><span style="display:block">Li</span></a> </td> <td title="Berilium, 4 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Berilium" title="Berilium"><span style="display:block">Be</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Boron, 5 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron"><span style="display:block">B</span></a> </td> <td title="Karbon, 6 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon"><span style="display:block">C</span></a> </td> <td title="Nitrogen, 7 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen"><span style="display:block">N</span></a> </td> <td title="Oksigen, 8 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen"><span style="display:block">O</span></a> </td> <td title="Fluorin, 9 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fluorin" title="Fluorin"><span style="display:block">F</span></a> </td> <td title="Neon, 10 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon"><span style="display:block">Ne</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_3" title="Unsur periode 3">3</a> </td> <td title="Natrium, 11 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium"><span style="display:block">Na</span></a> </td> <td title="Magnesium, 12 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium"><span style="display:block">Mg</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Aluminium, 13 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium"><span style="display:block">Al</span></a> </td> <td title="Silikon, 14 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon"><span style="display:block">Si</span></a> </td> <td title="Fosforus, 15 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fosforus" title="Fosforus"><span style="display:block">P</span></a> </td> <td title="Belerang, 16 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Belerang" title="Belerang"><span style="display:block">S</span></a> </td> <td title="Klorin, 17 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Klorin" title="Klorin"><span style="display:block">Cl</span></a> </td> <td title="Argon, 18 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon"><span style="display:block">Ar</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_4" title="Unsur periode 4">4</a> </td> <td title="Kalium, 19 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium"><span style="display:block">K</span></a> </td> <td title="Kalsium, 20 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kalsium" title="Kalsium"><span style="display:block">Ca</span></a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Skandium, 21 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Skandium" title="Skandium"><span style="display:block">Sc</span></a> </td> <td title="Titanium, 22 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium"><span style="display:block">Ti</span></a> </td> <td title="Vanadium, 23 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium"><span style="display:block">V</span></a> </td> <td title="Kromium, 24 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kromium" title="Kromium"><span style="display:block">Cr</span></a> </td> <td title="Mangan, 25 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan"><span style="display:block">Mn</span></a> </td> <td title="Besi, 26 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi"><span style="display:block">Fe</span></a> </td> <td title="Kobalt, 27 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt"><span style="display:block">Co</span></a> </td> <td title="Nikel, 28 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel"><span style="display:block">Ni</span></a> </td> <td title="Tembaga, 29 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga"><span style="display:block">Cu</span></a> </td> <td title="Seng, 30 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Seng" title="Seng"><span style="display:block">Zn</span></a> </td> <td title="Galium, 31 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Galium" title="Galium"><span style="display:block">Ga</span></a> </td> <td title="Germanium, 32 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium"><span style="display:block">Ge</span></a> </td> <td title="Arsen, 33 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen"><span style="display:block">As</span></a> </td> <td title="Selenium, 34 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium"><span style="display:block">Se</span></a> </td> <td title="Bromin, 35 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bromin" title="Bromin"><span style="display:block">Br</span></a> </td> <td title="Kripton, 36 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton"><span style="display:block">Kr</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_5" title="Unsur periode 5">5</a> </td> <td title="Rubidium, 37 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium"><span style="display:block">Rb</span></a> </td> <td title="Stronsium, 38 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Stronsium" title="Stronsium"><span style="display:block">Sr</span></a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Itrium, 39 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Itrium" title="Itrium"><span style="display:block">Y</span></a> </td> <td title="Zirkonium, 40 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Zirkonium" title="Zirkonium"><span style="display:block">Zr</span></a> </td> <td title="Niobium, 41 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium"><span style="display:block">Nb</span></a> </td> <td title="Molibdenum, 42 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Molibdenum" title="Molibdenum"><span style="display:block">Mo</span></a> </td> <td title="Teknesium, 43 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Teknesium" title="Teknesium"><span style="display:block">Tc</span></a> </td> <td title="Rutenium, 44 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium"><span style="display:block">Ru</span></a> </td> <td title="Rodium, 45 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rodium" title="Rodium"><span style="display:block">Rh</span></a> </td> <td title="Paladium, 46 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Paladium" title="Paladium"><span style="display:block">Pd</span></a> </td> <td title="Perak, 47 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:1px solid black; ;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="display:block">Ag</span></a> </td> <td title="Kadmium, 48 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kadmium" title="Kadmium"><span style="display:block">Cd</span></a> </td> <td title="Indium, 49 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium"><span style="display:block">In</span></a> </td> <td title="Timah, 50 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Timah" title="Timah"><span style="display:block">Sn</span></a> </td> <td title="Antimon, 51 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon"><span style="display:block">Sb</span></a> </td> <td title="Telurium, 52 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Telurium" title="Telurium"><span style="display:block">Te</span></a> </td> <td title="Iodin, 53 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iodin" title="Iodin"><span style="display:block">I</span></a> </td> <td title="Xenon, 54 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon"><span style="display:block">Xe</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_6" title="Unsur periode 6">6</a> </td> <td title="Sesium, 55 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Sesium" title="Sesium"><span style="display:block">Cs</span></a> </td> <td title="Barium, 56 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium"><span style="display:block">Ba</span></a> </td> <td title="Lantanum, 57 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lantanum" title="Lantanum"><span style="display:block">La</span></a> </td> <td title="Serium, 58 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Serium" title="Serium"><span style="display:block">Ce</span></a> </td> <td title="Praseodimium, 59 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodimium" title="Praseodimium"><span style="display:block">Pr</span></a> </td> <td title="Neodimium, 60 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neodimium" title="Neodimium"><span style="display:block">Nd</span></a> </td> <td title="Prometium, 61 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Prometium" title="Prometium"><span style="display:block">Pm</span></a> </td> <td title="Samarium, 62 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium"><span style="display:block">Sm</span></a> </td> <td title="Europium, 63 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium"><span style="display:block">Eu</span></a> </td> <td title="Gadolinium, 64 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium"><span style="display:block">Gd</span></a> </td> <td title="Terbium, 65 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium"><span style="display:block">Tb</span></a> </td> <td title="Disprosium, 66 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Disprosium" title="Disprosium"><span style="display:block">Dy</span></a> </td> <td title="Holmium, 67 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium"><span style="display:block">Ho</span></a> </td> <td title="Erbium, 68 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium"><span style="display:block">Er</span></a> </td> <td title="Tulium, 69 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tulium" title="Tulium"><span style="display:block">Tm</span></a> </td> <td title="Iterbium, 70 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iterbium" title="Iterbium"><span style="display:block">Yb</span></a> </td> <td title="Lutesium, 71 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lutesium" title="Lutesium"><span style="display:block">Lu</span></a> </td> <td title="Hafnium, 72 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium"><span style="display:block">Hf</span></a> </td> <td title="Tantalum, 73 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum"><span style="display:block">Ta</span></a> </td> <td title="Wolfram, 74 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram"><span style="display:block">W</span></a> </td> <td title="Renium, 75 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Renium" title="Renium"><span style="display:block">Re</span></a> </td> <td title="Osmium, 76 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium"><span style="display:block">Os</span></a> </td> <td title="Iridium, 77 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium"><span style="display:block">Ir</span></a> </td> <td title="Platina, 78 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina"><span style="display:block">Pt</span></a> </td> <td title="Emas, 79 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Emas" title="Emas"><span style="display:block">Au</span></a> </td> <td title="Raksa, 80 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Raksa" title="Raksa"><span style="display:block">Hg</span></a> </td> <td title="Talium, 81 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Talium" title="Talium"><span style="display:block">Tl</span></a> </td> <td title="Timbal, 82 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Timbal" title="Timbal"><span style="display:block">Pb</span></a> </td> <td title="Bismut, 83 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut"><span style="display:block">Bi</span></a> </td> <td title="Polonium, 84 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium"><span style="display:block">Po</span></a> </td> <td title="Astatin, 85 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Astatin" title="Astatin"><span style="display:block">At</span></a> </td> <td title="Radon, 86 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon"><span style="display:block">Rn</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_7" title="Unsur periode 7">7</a> </td> <td title="Fransium, 87 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fransium" title="Fransium"><span style="display:block">Fr</span></a> </td> <td title="Radium, 88 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium"><span style="display:block">Ra</span></a> </td> <td title="Aktinium, 89 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Aktinium" title="Aktinium"><span style="display:block">Ac</span></a> </td> <td title="Torium, 90 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Torium" title="Torium"><span style="display:block">Th</span></a> </td> <td title="Protaktinium, 91 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Protaktinium" title="Protaktinium"><span style="display:block">Pa</span></a> </td> <td title="Uranium, 92 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium"><span style="display:block">U</span></a> </td> <td title="Neptunium, 93 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium"><span style="display:block">Np</span></a> </td> <td title="Plutonium, 94 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium"><span style="display:block">Pu</span></a> </td> <td title="Amerisium, 95 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Amerisium" title="Amerisium"><span style="display:block">Am</span></a> </td> <td title="Kurium, 96 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kurium" title="Kurium"><span style="display:block">Cm</span></a> </td> <td title="Berkelium, 97 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium"><span style="display:block">Bk</span></a> </td> <td title="Kalifornium, 98 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kalifornium" title="Kalifornium"><span style="display:block">Cf</span></a> </td> <td title="Einsteinium, 99 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium"><span style="display:block">Es</span></a> </td> <td title="Fermium, 100 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium"><span style="display:block">Fm</span></a> </td> <td title="Mendelevium, 101 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium"><span style="display:block">Md</span></a> </td> <td title="Nobelium, 102 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium"><span style="display:block">No</span></a> </td> <td title="Lawrensium, 103 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrensium" title="Lawrensium"><span style="display:block">Lr</span></a> </td> <td title="Ruterfordium, 104 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ruterfordium" title="Ruterfordium"><span style="display:block">Rf</span></a> </td> <td title="Dubnium, 105 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium"><span style="display:block">Db</span></a> </td> <td title="Seaborgium, 106 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium"><span style="display:block">Sg</span></a> </td> <td title="Bohrium, 107 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium"><span style="display:block">Bh</span></a> </td> <td title="Hasium, 108 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hasium" title="Hasium"><span style="display:block">Hs</span></a> </td> <td title="Meitnerium, 109 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium"><span style="display:block">Mt</span></a> </td> <td title="Darmstadtium, 110 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium"><span style="display:block">Ds</span></a> </td> <td title="Roentgenium, 111 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium"><span style="display:block">Rg</span></a> </td> <td title="Kopernisium, 112 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kopernisium" title="Kopernisium"><span style="display:block">Cn</span></a> </td> <td title="Nihonium, 113 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium"><span style="display:block">Nh</span></a> </td> <td title="Flerovium, 114 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium"><span style="display:block">Fl</span></a> </td> <td title="Moskovium, 115 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Moskovium" title="Moskovium"><span style="display:block">Mc</span></a> </td> <td title="Livermorium, 116 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium"><span style="display:block">Lv</span></a> </td> <td title="Tenesin, 117 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tenesin" title="Tenesin"><span style="display:block">Ts</span></a> </td> <td title="Oganeson, 118 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Oganeson" title="Oganeson"><span style="display:block">Og</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="33"> <table class="wikitable" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" style="width:100%; line-height:120%; text-align:center; vertical-align:top; font-size:85%; background:#f8f8f8; margin:0; font-size:90%; margin-top:0.5em;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table style="width:100%; table-layout:fixed; overflow:hidden;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">Logam alkali</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali_tanah" title="Logam alkali tanah">Logam alkali tanah</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffbfff;"><a href="/wiki/Lantanida" title="Lantanida">Lan&#173;tanida</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Aktinida" title="Aktinida">Aktinida</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_transisi" title="Logam transisi">Logam transisi</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_miskin" title="Logam miskin">Logam miskin</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Metaloid" title="Metaloid">Metaloid</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#a1ffc3;"><a href="/wiki/Nonlogam_poliatomik" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonlogam poliatomik">Nonlogam poliatomik</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#e7ff8f;"><a href="/wiki/Nonlogam_diatomik" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonlogam diatomik">Nonlogam diatomik</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Gas_mulia" title="Gas mulia">Gas mulia</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="padding:0 1px; background:#e8e8e8;">Sifat kimia<br />belum diketahui </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25847331">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Senyawa_perak" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Senyawa_perak" title="Templat:Senyawa perak"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Senyawa_perak" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Senyawa perak"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Senyawa_perak&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Senyawa_perak" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Senyawa_perak" title="Kategori:Senyawa perak">Senyawa</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">perak</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perak(0,I)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_subfluorida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak subfluorida (halaman belum tersedia)">Ag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perak(I)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_tetrafluoroborat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak tetrafluoroborat (halaman belum tersedia)">AgBF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perak_bromida" title="Perak bromida">AgBr</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_bromat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak bromat (halaman belum tersedia)">AgBrO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_sianida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak sianida (halaman belum tersedia)">AgCN</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_fulminat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak fulminat (halaman belum tersedia)">AgCNO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perak_klorida" title="Perak klorida">AgCl</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_hipoklorit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak hipoklorit (halaman belum tersedia)">AgClO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_klorit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak klorit (halaman belum tersedia)">AgClO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_klorat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak klorat (halaman belum tersedia)">AgClO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_perklorat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak perklorat (halaman belum tersedia)">AgClO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perak(I)_fluorida" title="Perak(I) fluorida">AgF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perak_iodida" title="Perak iodida">AgI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_iodat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak iodat (halaman belum tersedia)">AgIO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_permanganat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak permanganat (halaman belum tersedia)">AgMnO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_nitrit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak nitrit (halaman belum tersedia)">AgNO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perak_nitrat" title="Perak nitrat">AgNO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_azida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak azida (halaman belum tersedia)">AgN</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_nitrida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak nitrida (halaman belum tersedia)">Ag</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_perrenat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak perrenat (halaman belum tersedia)">AgReO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_tiosianat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak tiosianat (halaman belum tersedia)">AgSCN</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_asetat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak asetat (halaman belum tersedia)">AgC</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_behenat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak behenat (halaman belum tersedia)">AgC</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_sulfadiazina&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak sulfadiazina (halaman belum tersedia)">AgC</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_trifluorometanasulfonat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak trifluorometanasulfonat (halaman belum tersedia)">AgCF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_heksafluorofosfat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak heksafluorofosfat (halaman belum tersedia)">AgPF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perak_karbonat" title="Perak karbonat">Ag</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_asetilida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak asetilida (halaman belum tersedia)">Ag</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_oksalat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak oksalat (halaman belum tersedia)">Ag</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_kromat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak kromat (halaman belum tersedia)">Ag</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_molibdat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak molibdat (halaman belum tersedia)">Ag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perak_oksida" title="Perak oksida">Ag</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_sulfida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak sulfida (halaman belum tersedia)">Ag</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_sulfit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak sulfit (halaman belum tersedia)">Ag</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_tiosulfat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak tiosulfat (halaman belum tersedia)">Ag</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_sulfat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak sulfat (halaman belum tersedia)">Ag</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_hidrosulfat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak hidrosulfat (halaman belum tersedia)">AgHSO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak(I)_selenida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak(I) selenida (halaman belum tersedia)">Ag</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_selenit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak selenit (halaman belum tersedia)">Ag</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_telurida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak telurida (halaman belum tersedia)">Ag</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_arsenat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak arsenat (halaman belum tersedia)">Ag</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_fosfate&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak fosfate (halaman belum tersedia)">Ag</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium_argentosianida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalium argentosianida (halaman belum tersedia)">KAg(CN)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium_perak_iodida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubidium perak iodida (halaman belum tersedia)">RbAg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pereaksi_Tollens&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pereaksi Tollens (halaman belum tersedia)">Ag(NH'<span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> Too many (</span>'";</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perak(II)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak(II)_fluorida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak(II) fluorida (halaman belum tersedia)">AgF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perak(III)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak(III)_oksida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak(III) oksida (halaman belum tersedia)">Ag</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak(III)_fluorida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak(III) fluorida (halaman belum tersedia)">AgF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak(III)_sulfida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak(III) sulfida (halaman belum tersedia)">Ag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perak(I,III)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak(I,III)_oksida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak(I,III) oksida (halaman belum tersedia)">Ag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Rumus_kimia" title="Rumus kimia">Rumus kimia</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Perhiasan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#C5B358;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Perhiasan" title="Templat:Perhiasan"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Perhiasan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Perhiasan (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Perhiasan&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Perhiasan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Perhiasan" title="Perhiasan">Perhiasan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#C5B358;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_jenis_perhiasan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar jenis perhiasan (halaman belum tersedia)">Bentuk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anting" title="Anting">Anting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bando" title="Bando">Bando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bros" title="Bros">Bros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincin" title="Cincin">Cincin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chatelaine_(chain)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Chatelaine (chain) (halaman belum tersedia)">Chatelaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelang" title="Gelang">Gelang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelang_kaki&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gelang kaki (halaman belum tersedia)">Gelang kaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gesper" title="Gesper">Gesper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jam" title="Jam">Jam</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jam_kantung&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jam kantung (halaman belum tersedia)">jam kantung</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamang" title="Jamang">Jamang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalung" title="Kalung">Kalung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kancing_kerah&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kancing kerah (halaman belum tersedia)">Kancing kerah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kancing_kerah_tangan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kancing kerah tangan (halaman belum tersedia)">Kancing kerah tangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelat_bahu" title="Kelat bahu">Kelat bahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kembang_goyang" title="Kembang goyang">Kembang goyang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lapel_pin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lapel pin (halaman belum tersedia)">Lapel pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liontin" title="Liontin">Liontin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahkota" title="Mahkota">Mahkota</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pendan (halaman belum tersedia)">Pendan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pending" title="Pending">Pending</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penjepit_dasi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Penjepit dasi (halaman belum tersedia)">Penjepit dasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rantai_perut&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rantai perut (halaman belum tersedia)">Rantai perut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siger" title="Siger">Siger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumping" title="Sumping">Sumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suntiang" title="Suntiang">Suntiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tameng_puting" title="Tameng puting">Tameng puting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiara" title="Tiara">Tiara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tusuk_konde" title="Tusuk konde">Tusuk konde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upawita" title="Upawita">Upawita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#C5B358;">Pembuatan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FDF6B0;">Orang</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bench_jeweler&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bench jeweler (halaman belum tersedia)">Bench jeweler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandai_emas" title="Pandai emas">Pandai emas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perancang_perhiasan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perancang perhiasan (halaman belum tersedia)">Perancang perhiasan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lapidary&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lapidary (halaman belum tersedia)">Lapidary</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembuat_jam&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembuat jam (halaman belum tersedia)">Pembuat jam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FDF6B0;">Proses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Casting_(metalworking)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Casting (metalworking) (halaman belum tersedia)">Casting</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Centrifugal_casting_(silversmithing)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Centrifugal casting (silversmithing) (halaman belum tersedia)">centrifugal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lost-wax_casting&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lost-wax casting (halaman belum tersedia)">lost-wax</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Casting_(filling)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Casting (filling) (halaman belum tersedia)">vacuum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitreous_enamel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitreous enamel (halaman belum tersedia)">Enameling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravir" title="Gravir">Gravir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filigree&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Filigree (halaman belum tersedia)">Filigree</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metal_clay&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Metal clay (halaman belum tersedia)">Metal clay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plating&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Plating (halaman belum tersedia)">Plating</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polishing_(metalworking)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Polishing (metalworking) (halaman belum tersedia)">Polishing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repouss%C3%A9_and_chasing&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Repoussé and chasing (halaman belum tersedia)">Repoussé and chasing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soldering&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Soldering (halaman belum tersedia)">Soldering</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stonesetting&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Stonesetting (halaman belum tersedia)">Stonesetting</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wire_sculpture&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wire sculpture (halaman belum tersedia)">Wire wrapping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FDF6B0;">Alat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Draw_plate&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Draw plate (halaman belum tersedia)">Draw plate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=File_(alat)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="File (alat) (halaman belum tersedia)">File</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palu" title="Palu">Palu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandrel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mandrel (halaman belum tersedia)">Mandrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang" title="Tang">Tang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#C5B358;">Bahan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FDF6B0;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_mulia" title="Logam mulia">Logam mulia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emas" title="Emas">Emas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paladium" title="Paladium">Paladium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platinum" class="mw-redirect" title="Platinum">Platinum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodium" title="Rodium">Rodium</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Perak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FDF6B0;"><a href="/wiki/Aloi" class="mw-redirect" title="Aloi">Aloi</a> logam mulia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_Britannia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak Britannia (halaman belum tersedia)">Perak Britannia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emas_berwarna&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Emas berwarna (halaman belum tersedia)">Emas berwarna</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emas_mahkota&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Emas mahkota (halaman belum tersedia)">Emas mahkota</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrum&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektrum (halaman belum tersedia)">Elektrum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sterling_platinum&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sterling platinum (halaman belum tersedia)">Sterling platinum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shakud%C5%8D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Shakudō (halaman belum tersedia)">Shakudō</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shibuichi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Shibuichi (halaman belum tersedia)">Shibuichi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_Sterling&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak Sterling (halaman belum tersedia)">Perak Sterling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumbaga" title="Tumbaga">Tumbaga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FDF6B0;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_dasar" title="Logam dasar">Logam/aloi dasar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuningan_(logam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuningan (logam)">Kuningan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perunggu" title="Perunggu">Perunggu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga">Tembaga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mokume-gane&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mokume-gane (halaman belum tersedia)">Mokume-gane</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pewter&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pewter (halaman belum tersedia)">Pewter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baja_nirkarat" title="Baja nirkarat">Baja tahan karat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Titanium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FDF6B0;"><a href="/wiki/Batu_permata" title="Batu permata">Batu permata</a> mineral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalsedon" title="Kalsedon">Aventurin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agate" class="mw-redirect" title="Agate">Agate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krisoberil&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Krisoberil (halaman belum tersedia)">Aleksandrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ametis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ametis">Ametis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beril#Akuamarin_dan_maksis" title="Beril">Akuamarin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karnelian&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Karnelian (halaman belum tersedia)">Karnelian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sitrin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sitrin (halaman belum tersedia)">Sitrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intan" title="Intan">Intan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diopsida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Diopsida (halaman belum tersedia)">Diopsida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamrud" title="Zamrud">Zamrud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garnet" class="mw-redirect" title="Garnet">Garnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jade" class="mw-redirect" title="Jade">Jade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper" class="mw-redirect" title="Jasper">Jasper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazuardi" title="Lazuardi">Lazuardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malasit" class="mw-redirect" title="Malasit">Malasit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perhiasan_markasit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perhiasan markasit (halaman belum tersedia)">Markasit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batu_bulan_(permata)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Batu bulan (permata) (halaman belum tersedia)">Batu bulan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsidian" class="mw-redirect" title="Obsidian">Obsidian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oniks&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Oniks (halaman belum tersedia)">Oniks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opal" class="mw-redirect" title="Opal">Opal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peridot&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Peridot (halaman belum tersedia)">Peridot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuarsa" title="Kuarsa">Kuarsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubi" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubi">Rubi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safir" class="mw-redirect" title="Safir">Safir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodalit" title="Sodalit">Sodalit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batu_matahari&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Batu matahari (halaman belum tersedia)">Batu matahari</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanzanit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanzanit (halaman belum tersedia)">Tanzanit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata_Harimau&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mata Harimau (halaman belum tersedia)">Mata Harimau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Topaz">Topaz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourmalin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tourmalin (halaman belum tersedia)">Tourmalin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FDF6B0;"><a href="/wiki/Batu_permata" title="Batu permata">Batu permata</a> organik</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amber" class="mw-disambig" title="Amber">Amber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kopal" title="Kopal">Kopal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koral_(batu_mulia)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Koral (batu mulia) (halaman belum tersedia)">Koral</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jet_(lignit)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jet (lignit) (halaman belum tersedia)">Jet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutiara" title="Mutiara">Mutiara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abalon" class="mw-redirect" title="Abalon">Abalon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#C5B358;">Istilah</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karat_(massa)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Karat (massa) (halaman belum tersedia)">Karat (massa)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karat_(kemurnian)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Karat (kemurnian) (halaman belum tersedia)">Karat (kemurnian)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Finding&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Finding (halaman belum tersedia)">Finding</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Millesimal_fineness&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Millesimal fineness (halaman belum tersedia)">Millesimal fineness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background:#C5B358;"><div> <dl><dt>Topik terkait</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tindik_tubuh" class="mw-redirect" title="Tindik tubuh">Tindik tubuh</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mode" title="Mode">Mode</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gemologi" title="Gemologi">Gemologi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teknik_logam&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Teknik logam (halaman belum tersedia)">Teknik logam</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni_pakaian&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Seni pakaian (halaman belum tersedia)">Seni pakaian</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&amp;#124;text-top_&amp;#124;10px_&amp;#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1090#identifiers&amp;#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&amp;#124;text-top_&amp;#124;10px_&amp;#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1090#identifiers&amp;#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengawasan_otoritas" title="Bantuan:Pengawasan otoritas">Pengawasan otoritas</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1090#identifiers" title="Sunting ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Umum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4133759-1">Integrated Authority File (Jerman)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perpustakaan nasional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&amp;authority_id=XX526371">Spanyol</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11959564p">Prancis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11959564p">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85122588">Amerika Serikat</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00562453">Jepang</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=ph126252&amp;CON_LNG=ENG">Republik Ceko</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10641526">National Archives (US)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐xqqpl Cached time: 20241123170536 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.771 seconds Real time usage: 2.385 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 40145/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 537197/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 34350/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 22/100 Expensive parser function count: 8/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 126276/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.701/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7399696/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1765.898 1 -total 28.05% 495.408 2 Templat:Infobox 28.02% 494.877 1 Templat:Kotak_info_perak 27.73% 489.670 1 Templat:Elementbox 24.47% 432.065 1 Templat:Compact_periodic_table 22.24% 392.771 2 Templat:Reflist 20.33% 359.076 118 Templat:Element_cell-compact 17.49% 308.825 134 Templat:Element_color 9.16% 161.746 1 Templat:Infobox_element/periodic_table 7.40% 130.647 1 Templat:Periodic_table_(32_columns,_micro) --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key idwiki:pcache:idhash:18612-0!canonical and timestamp 20241123170536 and revision id 25446326. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;oldid=25446326">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;oldid=25446326</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Daftar_kategori" title="Istimewa:Daftar kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Perak" title="Kategori:Perak">Perak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Unsur_kimia" title="Kategori:Unsur kimia">Unsur kimia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Mineral_kubik" title="Kategori:Mineral kubik">Mineral kubik</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Penghantar_listrik" title="Kategori:Penghantar listrik">Penghantar listrik</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Mineral_unsur_asli" title="Kategori:Mineral unsur asli">Mineral unsur asli</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Logam_mulia" title="Kategori:Logam mulia">Logam mulia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Logam_transisi" title="Kategori:Logam transisi">Logam transisi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Logam_berharga" title="Kategori:Logam berharga">Logam berharga</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Mata_uang" title="Kategori:Mata uang">Mata uang</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Unsur_kimia_dengan_struktur_kubus_berpusat-muka" title="Kategori:Unsur kimia dengan struktur kubus berpusat-muka">Unsur kimia dengan struktur kubus berpusat-muka</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Url_tak_layak" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Url tak layak">Pemeliharaan CS1: Url tak layak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_dengan_pranala_luar_nonaktif" title="Kategori:Artikel dengan pranala luar nonaktif">Artikel dengan pranala luar nonaktif</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_dengan_pranala_luar_nonaktif_permanen" title="Kategori:Artikel dengan pranala luar nonaktif permanen">Artikel dengan pranala luar nonaktif permanen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Galat_CS1:_tanggal" title="Kategori:Galat CS1: tanggal">Galat CS1: tanggal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Templat_webarchive_arsip_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Templat webarchive arsip tidak diketahui">Templat webarchive arsip tidak diketahui</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Halaman_dengan_berkas_rusak" title="Kategori:Halaman dengan berkas rusak">Halaman dengan berkas rusak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Templat_webarchive_tautan_wayback" title="Kategori:Templat webarchive tautan wayback">Templat webarchive tautan wayback</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_GND" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda GND">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_BNE" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda BNE">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda BNE</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_BNF" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda BNF">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda BNF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_LCCN" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda LCCN">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda LCCN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_NDL" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda NDL">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda NDL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_NKC" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda NKC">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda NKC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_NARA" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda NARA">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda NARA</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Halaman ini terakhir diubah pada 17 Maret 2024, pukul 11.38.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks tersedia di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Lisensi Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa Creative Commons</a>; ketentuan tambahan mungkin berlaku. Lihat <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Ketentuan Penggunaan</a> untuk rincian lebih lanjut.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Kebijakan privasi</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tentang">Tentang Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Penyangkalan_umum">Penyangkalan</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Kode Etik</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Pengembang</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/id.wikipedia.org">Statistik</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Pernyataan kuki</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//id.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perak&amp;mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Tampilan seluler</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-w98px","wgBackendResponseTime":180,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.771","walltime":"2.385","ppvisitednodes":{"value":40145,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":537197,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":34350,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":22,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":8,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":126276,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1765.898 1 -total"," 28.05% 495.408 2 Templat:Infobox"," 28.02% 494.877 1 Templat:Kotak_info_perak"," 27.73% 489.670 1 Templat:Elementbox"," 24.47% 432.065 1 Templat:Compact_periodic_table"," 22.24% 392.771 2 Templat:Reflist"," 20.33% 359.076 118 Templat:Element_cell-compact"," 17.49% 308.825 134 Templat:Element_color"," 9.16% 161.746 1 Templat:Infobox_element/periodic_table"," 7.40% 130.647 1 Templat:Periodic_table_(32_columns,_micro)"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.701","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7399696,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-xqqpl","timestamp":"20241123170536","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Perak","url":"https:\/\/id.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Perak","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1090","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1090","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Kontributor dari proyek Wikimedia."},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-05-08T08:38:50Z","dateModified":"2024-03-17T11:38:01Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/55\/Silver_crystal.jpg","headline":"unsur kimia dengan lambang Ag dan nomor atom 47"}</script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10