CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>學名 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )zhwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"zh", "wgMonthNames":["","1月","2月","3月","4月","5月","6月","7月","8月","9月","10月","11月","12月"],"wgRequestId":"4fdbc7d3-8850-4188-9afe-19e6f0b722c2","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"學名","wgTitle":"學名","wgCurRevisionId":84933429,"wgRevisionId":84933429,"wgArticleId":115600,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["含有过时参数的引用的页面","自2020年2月需要专业人士关注的页面","所有需要專家關注的頁面","其他需要專家關注的頁面","自2020年2月需补充来源的条目","拒绝当选首页新条目推荐栏目的条目","含有多个问题的条目","扩充中的条目","所有扩充中的条目","使用小型訊息框的頁面","含有英語的條目","生物学命名法"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"學名", "wgRelevantArticleId":115600,"wgUserVariant":"zh","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"学名","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"zh","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":["zh-hans","zh-hant","zh-cn","zh-tw","zh-hk","zh-sg","zh-mo","zh-my"]},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q10753560","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":[ "brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.large-font":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js", "ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.edit0","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.UnihanTooltips","ext.gadget.Difflink","ext.gadget.pseudonamespace-UI","ext.gadget.SpecialWikitext","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.VariantAlly","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.hideConversionTab","ext.gadget.internalLinkHelper-altcolor","ext.gadget.noteTA","ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.collapsibleTables","ext.gadget.scrollUpButton","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.gadget.large-font&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="學名 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="编辑本页" href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (zh)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//zh.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-my/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-sg/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hant/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-mo/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia的Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-學名 rootpage-學名 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">跳转到内容</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="主菜单" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">主菜单</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">主菜单</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 导航 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="访问首页[z]" accesskey="z"><span>首页</span></a></li><li id="n-indexpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="以分类索引搜寻中文维基百科"><span>分类索引</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured_content" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%B9%E8%89%B2%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9" title="查看中文维基百科的特色内容"><span>特色内容</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B" title="提供当前新闻事件的背景资料"><span>新闻动态</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9" title="列出维基百科中的最近修改[r]" accesskey="r"><span>最近更改</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="随机载入一个页面[x]" accesskey="x"><span>随机条目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-help" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-help" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 帮助 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="寻求帮助"><span>帮助</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="关于本计划、你可以做什么、应该如何做"><span>维基社群</span></a></li><li id="n-policy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D%E8%88%87%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="查看维基百科的方针和指引"><span>方针与指引</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%AE%A2%E6%A0%88" title="参与维基百科社群的讨论"><span>互助客栈</span></a></li><li id="n-Information_desk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94" title="解答任何与维基百科无关的问题的地方"><span>知识问答</span></a></li><li id="n-conversion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2" title="提出字词转换请求"><span>字词转换</span></a></li><li id="n-IRC" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A9%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93"><span>IRC即时聊天</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%81%94%E7%BB%9C%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC" title="如何联络维基百科"><span>联络我们</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E" title="查看维基百科的简介"><span>关于维基百科</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="维基百科" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh.svg" style="width: 6.5625em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="自由的百科全书" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-zh.svg" width="103" height="14" style="width: 6.4375em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科" aria-label="搜索维基百科" autocapitalize="sentences" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="个人工具"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-概述" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#概述"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>概述</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-概述-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-命名基本原則" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#命名基本原則"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>命名基本原則</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-命名基本原則-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关命名基本原則子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-命名基本原則-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-命名模式" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#命名模式"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>命名模式</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-命名模式-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-優先權" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#優先權"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>優先權</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-優先權-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-學名用拉丁文" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#學名用拉丁文"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>學名用拉丁文</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-學名用拉丁文-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-學名的字數" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#學名的字數"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>學名的字數</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-學名的字數-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关學名的字數子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-學名的字數-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-單名法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#單名法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>單名法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-單名法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-二名法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#二名法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>二名法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-二名法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-三名法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#三名法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>三名法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-三名法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-缩写和符号" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#缩写和符号"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>缩写和符号</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-缩写和符号-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸閱讀" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸閱讀"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>延伸閱讀</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸閱讀-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-網路資源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#網路資源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>網路資源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-網路資源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">學名</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。14种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nombre_cientifico" title="Nombre cientifico – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Nombre cientifico" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nome_cient%C3%ADficu" title="Nome científicu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nome científicu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C5%8Fk-mi%C3%A0ng" title="Hŏk-miàng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Hŏk-miàng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_name" title="Scientific name – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Scientific name" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nombre_cient%C3%ADfico" title="Nombre científico – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nombre científico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nom_scientifique" title="Nom scientifique – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nom scientifique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nome_scientifico" title="Nome scientifico – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nome scientifico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E5%90%8D" title="学名 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="学名" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%99%EB%AA%85" title="학명 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="학명" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitskapleg_namn" title="Vitskapleg namn – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vitskapleg namn" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5" title="Название научное – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Название научное" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vetenskapligt_namn" title="Vetenskapligt namn – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vetenskapligt namn" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha%CC%8Dk-mi%C3%A2" title="Ha̍k-miâ – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ha̍k-miâ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" title="學名 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="學名" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10753560#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&oldid=84933429" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&id=84933429&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%25AD%25B8%25E5%2590%258D"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%25AD%25B8%25E5%2590%258D"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10753560" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">（重定向自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%A6%E5%90%8D&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="学名">学名</a>）</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84596247">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{display:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-问题条目 plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>本條目存在以下問題</b>，請協助<b><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit">改善本條目</a></b>或在<b><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" title="Talk:學名">討論頁</a></b>針對議題發表看法。 <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Expert_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目需要<b>精通或熟悉相关主题的编者</b>参与及协助编辑。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2020年2月21日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%B0%88%E5%AE%B6%E9%82%80%E8%AB%8B%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E5%B0%8F%E7%B5%84" title="Wikipedia:專家邀請工作小組">邀請</a>適合的人士<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit">改善本条目</a>。更多的細節與詳情請參见<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" title="Talk:學名">討論頁</a>。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2020年2月21日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充多方面<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>，<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">无法查证</a>的内容可能會因為<a href="/wiki/Template:Fact" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fact">异议提出</a>而被移除。<br />致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D%22">"學名"</a> — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?q=%22%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D%22">网页</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=&as_src=-newswire+-wire+-presswire+-PR+-press+-release+-wikipedia&q=%22%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D%22">新闻</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_pub=-icon&q=%22%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D%22">书籍</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?&q=%22%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D%22">学术</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&safe=off&q=%22%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D%22">图像</a></span>），以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">判定指引</a>）。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div><span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>中國舊時兒童入學受教育時由長輩另取的名字，请参看「<b><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%93%E5%90%8D" title="訓名">訓名</a></b>」。</div> <p><b>學名</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语</a>：Scientific name）是<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="生物学">生物学</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="术语">术语</a>，即根据国际上制定的有关<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="生物">生物</a>命名的法规，為每一種生物或者每個分類學上的生物群（例如：科群、屬群），給予一個全世界通用的格式化拉丁文或拉丁化名稱 <sup id="cite_ref-#1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>動物學名的起源於1758年瑞典博物學家<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E6%9E%97%E5%A5%88" class="mw-redirect" title="卡爾·林奈">卡爾·林奈</a>的名著《<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="自然系統">自然系統</a>》第十版出版，林奈提倡給每種動物一個簡化的拉丁文名稱，由一字的屬名與一字的種小名共同組成，這種二名式命名法系統隨即被很多動物學家普遍採用<sup id="cite_ref-#1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。根据此命名法所得的学名，称为<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="双名">双名</a></b>或<b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="二名">二名</a></b>；而汉语界的共识是双名属于一种学名，即学名的含义更为广泛。 </p><p>目前動物命名法規規定1758年1月1日為動物命名法規的起用時間，之前發表的命名則不予採用。唯一例外是同樣採用二名法命名於1757年發表的克勒克著作《瑞典蜘蛛》(Aranei Svecici)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>學名以外的名称均為<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%97%E5%90%8D" title="俗名">俗名</a>，因此並無所謂的“中文學名”，僅有汉语“普通名”与汉语“別名”<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。生物都有各自的命名法規，如动物的命名受到《<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95%E8%A6%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="國際動物命名法規">國際動物命名法規</a>》的約束<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>理論上一種生物僅有一個有效的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="双名">双名</a>或學名，称为<b>接受名</b>，在世界範圍內通用，以便不同國家和地區的學者互相交流研討，明確所指的是哪種生物。按照國際上對生物命名的法規，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E7%89%A9%E7%95%B0%E5%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="同物異名">同物異名</a>的情况時（即同一物種被先後多次描述并命名，由此產生了多個學名），只有最早發表的學名是有效的，後發表的學名會被棄用。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="概述"><span id=".E6.A6.82.E8.BF.B0"></span>概述</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：概述"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>学名的首字母需大写。在科学文献的印刷出版时，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%AC_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9)" class="mw-redirect" title="屬 (生物)">属</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%AE_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9)" class="mw-redirect" title="種 (生物)">种</a>或之下<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E9%98%B6%E5%85%83" title="分类阶元">阶元</a>的生物学名之引用常以斜体表示，或在正排体学名下加底线表示<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。学名内所指的有可能是一种生物、一属的生物或一科的生物。原则上，一种生物的学名只有一个，即一个学名也只会用来称呼一种生物，学名以外的名称均为俗名。学名使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁化">拉丁化</a>文字，而俗名无限制<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。同一種生物有可能有許多俗名，有的俗名使用較為廣泛，例如：學名: <i><a href="/wiki/Gambusia_affinis" class="mw-redirect" title="Gambusia affinis">Gambusia affinis</a></i> (Baird & Girard, 1853) 俗名: <a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E8%9A%8A%E9%AD%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="食蚊魚">食蚊魚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%82%9A%E4%BB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="大肚仔">大肚仔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%8E%E9%B1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="胎鱂">胎鱂</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%82%9A%E9%AD%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="大肚魚">大肚魚</a>，其中較常聽到的俗名應該是「大肚魚」。 </p><p>最初为了避免交流障碍，所以采用<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="中世纪">中古</a>时期通用的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="拉丁语">拉丁文</a>作为学名，但后来学者开始使用其他语言来为生物命名（但学名词尾、语法仍符合命名法），使得生物的学名中包含了来自世界各种语言的词汇，如<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E7%BF%BC%E9%BE%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="奇翼龍">奇翼龙</a>的 <i>Yi qi</i>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%8D%B8%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="神獸屬">神兽属</a>的 <i>Shenshou</i>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%99%E5%85%BD%E5%B1%9E" title="仙兽属">仙兽属</a>的 <i>Xianshou</i>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%90%E9%BE%8D%E5%B1%AC" title="寐龍屬">寐龙属</a>的 <i>Mei</i> 及其下物种<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%90%E9%BE%8D%E5%B1%AC" title="寐龍屬">寐龙</a>的 <i>Mei long</i> 等词语来自<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="中文">中文</a>。 </p><p>目前学名最长的物种为<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E7%90%83%E8%8F%8C%E5%B1%9E" title="黏球菌属">黏球菌屬</a>的<i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Myxococcus llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogochensis" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Myxococcus llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogochensis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Myxococcus_llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogochensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Myxococcus llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogochensis（页面不存在）">Myxococcus llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogochensis</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myxococcus_llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogochensis" class="extiw" title="en:Myxococcus llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogochensis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Myxococcus llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogochensis</span></a></span>）</span></span></i>，其種小名源自其發現地<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B0%E9%9F%A6%E5%B0%94%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%94%E5%8F%A4%E5%9B%A0%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E6%88%88%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E6%83%A0%E5%B0%94%E6%81%A9%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0%E8%92%82%E8%A5%BF%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%A5%E6%88%88%E6%88%88%E6%88%88%E8%B5%AB" title="兰韦尔普尔古因吉尔戈格里惠尔恩德罗布尔兰蒂西利奥戈戈戈赫">蘭韋爾普爾古因吉爾</a>的全名，是世界第二長的地名；学名最短的物种为<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%9D%A0" title="南蝠">南蝠</a>（<i>Ia io</i>）和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E7%BF%BC%E9%BE%8D%E5%B1%AC" title="奇翼龍屬">奇翼龙</a>（<i>Yi qi</i>），都只有 4 个字母。 </p><p>生物命名有一个基本原则，即某个<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E9%98%B6%E5%85%83" title="分类阶元">生物分类单位</a>的有效名称，应以最早正式刊出的名称为准。若发现同物异名的情况，应保留最早的名称，废除较晚的命名。没有两个属的动物可以有相同的属名，也没有两个属的植物有相同的属名，一个属中也没有两个种有相同的种名。动物和植物可以有相同的属名，不同属中可以有相同的种名，但亲缘关系较近的属中应避免相同的种名，以免分类调整归为一属时造成混乱。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="命名基本原則"><span id=".E5.91.BD.E5.90.8D.E5.9F.BA.E6.9C.AC.E5.8E.9F.E5.89.87"></span>命名基本原則</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：命名基本原則"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="命名模式"><span id=".E5.91.BD.E5.90.8D.E6.A8.A1.E5.BC.8F"></span>命名模式</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：命名模式"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>命名應指定命名模式，種的命名模式為該種個體的標本，屬的命名模式為一個種，科的命名模式為一個屬 <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="優先權"><span id=".E5.84.AA.E5.85.88.E6.AC.8A"></span>優先權</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：優先權"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>原則上先發表的學名具有優先權；但如果嚴格實行優先權規定，可能會使長久普遍使用的學名被廢棄時，則可能例外使較早發表而具有優先權的名字被廢棄。 <sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="學名用拉丁文"><span id=".E5.AD.B8.E5.90.8D.E7.94.A8.E6.8B.89.E4.B8.81.E6.96.87"></span>學名用拉丁文</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：學名用拉丁文"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>學名應使用拉丁文或拉丁化文字。 <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="學名的字數"><span id=".E5.AD.B8.E5.90.8D.E7.9A.84.E5.AD.97.E6.95.B8"></span>學名的字數</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：學名的字數"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="單名法"><span id=".E5.96.AE.E5.90.8D.E6.B3.95"></span>單名法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：單名法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%9E" title="属">属</a>以上的<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E9%98%B6%E5%85%83" title="分类阶元">分类阶元</a>的学名使用<b>单名法</b>（nomen），由一个拉丁文单词表示，首字母大写，属名须用斜体，其他阶元惯用正体。完整引用时须在名称后加命名人姓氏和命名时间，一般情况下则省略。命名人姓氏和命名时间之间用<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%BD%A2%E5%92%8C%E5%8D%8A%E5%BD%A2" title="全形和半形">半角</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%97%E5%8F%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="逗号">逗号</a> + 一个空格（, ），命名人第一个字母大写。在某些阶元有特定使用的词尾，例如植物科的学名词尾为 aceae；新命名的分类阶元则在名称后加“nov.”。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="二名法"><span id=".E4.BA.8C.E5.90.8D.E6.B3.95"></span>二名法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：二名法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D" title="物种">种</a>一级的学名使用<b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95" title="二名法">二名法</a></b>（binomen），又称双名法，由属名和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%8D%E5%8A%A0%E8%AF%8D" title="种加词">种加词</a>（种小名）两部分构成一个种名。完整引用时须在种名后加命名人姓氏和命名时间，一般情况下可省略。有时属名后还可附加用括号括起的亚属名。属名、亚属名及其所带的括号、种加词均用斜体，命名人、命名时间及二者间的逗号用正体。属名、亚属名和命名人的第一个字母大写。若原来的命名经过修正（如某物种从一个属移入另一属），则原命名人加上括号。 </p><p>若在一篇文章中多次引用某个种名，可在第一次完整引用后，后续使用属名、亚属名和种加词的缩写式，缩写只保留属名、亚属名和种加词的首字母，后加半角<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A5%E5%8F%B7" title="句号">句号</a> + 一个空格（. ）。在很少的一些情况下，由于一个物种已经广为人知，所以其缩写形式就约定俗成了，如 <i>Escherichia coli</i>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%85%B8%E6%A1%BF%E8%8F%8C" title="大腸桿菌">大肠埃希菌</a>，即大肠杆菌）可缩写为 <i>E. coli</i> 而不会引起误会。若名称在一行内写不下要换行时，须按<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%8A%82" title="音节">音节</a>换行，不能将音节拆开，并要加半角<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%B7" title="连接号">连接号</a>（-）连接。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="三名法"><span id=".E4.B8.89.E5.90.8D.E6.B3.95"></span>三名法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：三名法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%A8%AE" title="亞種">亚种</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E7%A8%AE_(%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8)" class="mw-redirect" title="變種 (植物學)">变种</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%98%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="变型（页面不存在）">变型</a>等种以下的阶元使用<b>三名法</b>（trinomen）：由属名、种加词、种下阶元加词三部分组成，均用斜体或專名號。完整引用时须在名称后加命名人姓氏和命名时间，一般情况下可省略。 </p><p><b>示例</b> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%AB%E7%A7%91" title="猫科">猫科</a>：Felidae Gray, 1821 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%B9%E5%B1%9E" title="豹属">豹属</a>：<i>Panthera</i> Oken, 1816 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%8E" title="虎">虎</a>：<i>Panthera tigris</i> (Linnaeus, 1758) ，也可写为 <i>Panthera (tigris) tigris</i> (Linnaeus, 1758)。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E8%99%8E" title="东北虎">东北虎</a>：<i>Panthera tigris altaica</i> (Termminck, 1845) ，若前文已引用过虎的完整学名，则东北虎的学名可简写为 <i>P. t. altaica</i>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%A5%88" class="mw-redirect" title="林奈">林奈</a>（Linnaeus）最初为虎命名时，将虎归入<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%AB%E5%B1%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="猫属">猫属</a>，因此虎的旧名为 <i>Felis tigris</i> Linaeus, 1758，东北虎的旧名为 <i>Felis tigris altaica</i> Termminck, 1845，而现行分类将虎归入<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%B9%E5%B1%9E" title="豹属">豹属</a>，所以命名人加了括号。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="缩写和符号"><span id=".E7.BC.A9.E5.86.99.E5.92.8C.E7.AC.A6.E5.8F.B7"></span>缩写和符号</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：缩写和符号"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此章节需要<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit"><b>扩充</b></a>。</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>学名中还会使用一些正体的缩写和符号，例如： </p> <ul><li>aff. 是 affinis 的缩写，写在种名前，意为亲近，翻译为近缘种，古生物较常用，如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%89%81%E9%BC%BB%E7%8A%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="原始扁鼻犬（页面不存在）">原始扁鼻犬</a>亲近种 <i>Simocyon</i> aff. <i>primigenius</i> Roth et Wanger, 1855 与原始扁鼻犬 <i>Simocyon primigenius</i> Roth et Wanger, 1855 有一定的亲缘关系。</li> <li>cf. 是 conformis 的缩写，写在种名前，意为相似，翻译为相似种，比近缘种关系更为密切，古生物较常用，如史前的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%BC%E5%8C%97%E8%B1%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="似北豺（页面不存在）">似北豺</a> <i>Cuon</i> cf<i>. alpinus</i> (Pallas, 1811) 与现生的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%BA" title="豺">豺</a> <i>Cuon alpinus</i> (Pallas, 1811) 很相似，但不能肯定为同一种。</li> <li>var. 是 varietas 的缩写，意为<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E7%A8%AE" title="變種">變種</a>，写在种名后，变种名前，主要表示地理意义上的变种，也可用于其它意义的变种，如<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%85" title="鹅">家鹅</a>的学名 <i>Anser cypnoides</i> var. <i>domestica</i> 就是在<a href="/wiki/%E9%B8%BF%E9%9B%81" title="鸿雁">鸿雁</a>的学名后加上“驯养”（<i>domestica</i>）构成的，即鸿雁驯化变种。</li> <li>mut. 是 mutatio 的缩写，意为变种，表示时间意义上的变种，但时间意义上的变种也常用 var. 而不用 mut.，mut. 很少使用。</li> <li>indet. 是 indeterminata 的缩写，表示属或种不能鉴定。</li> <li>emend. 是 emendatio 的缩写，表示修改、订正，一般在属、科以上使用。</li> <li>? 表示有疑问，不确定。 ? 放在属名前，表示属、种都可能有问题，? 放在属名后，表示属名不能肯定，? 放在命名人后，表示种名不能肯定。</li> <li>et 是“和，与，及”的意思。若由两人联合命名，则命名人之间用 et 连接，如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A5%E6%B2%B3%E6%B9%BE%E5%B7%A8%E5%89%91%E9%BD%BF%E8%99%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="泥河湾巨剑齿虎（页面不存在）">泥河湾巨剑齿虎</a> <i>Megantereon nihowanensis</i> <b>Teilhard et Piveteau</b>, 1930；若由三人联合命名，则第一人和第二人之间用半角逗号+一个空格（, ）隔开，第二人和第三人之间用 et 连接，如<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E9%B1%80%E8%B1%9A%E7%A7%91" title="白鱀豚科">白鱀豚科</a> Lipotidae <b>Zhou, Qian et Li</b>, 1978。命名人之间也可用 <b>and</b> 或符号 <b>&</b> 连接，作用与 et 相同。命名人超过三人时，则在第一个人后面加上 et al. ，表示“等，以及其他人”，如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E9%9B%84%E9%98%B6%E9%BD%BF%E5%85%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南雄阶齿兽（页面不存在）">南雄阶齿兽</a> <i>Bemalambda nanhsiungensis</i> <b>Chow et al</b>., 1973</li> <li>gen. 是属 genus 的缩写，sp. 和 spp. 是种 species 的缩写，sp. 是种的单数，spp. 是种的复数，sp. 写在属名之后，表示不能确定种名的未定种。</li> <li>nov. 是 nova 新的缩写， gen. nov. 表示新属，sp. nov. 表示新种，gen. et. sp. nov. 表示第一次发表的新属、新种。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸閱讀"><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E4.BC.B8.E9.96.B1.E8.AE.80"></span>延伸閱讀</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：延伸閱讀"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95%E8%A6%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="國際動物命名法規">國際動物命名法規</a>（<span lang="en">International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, ICZN</span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E8%97%BB%E7%B1%BB%E3%80%81%E7%9C%9F%E8%8F%8C%E3%80%81%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95%E8%A7%84" class="mw-redirect" title="国际藻类、真菌、植物命名法规">国际藻类、真菌和植物命名法规</a>（<span lang="en">International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants；ICN</span>）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="國際原核生物命名法規" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%8E%9F%E6%A0%B8%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95%E8%A6%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="國際原核生物命名法規（页面不存在）">國際原核生物命名法規</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Code_of_Nomenclature_of_Prokaryotes" class="extiw" title="en:International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes"><span lang="en" dir="auto">International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes</span></a></span>）</span></span>（<span lang="en">International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes, ICNP</span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%B8%E5%90%8D" title="裸名">裸名</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%97%E5%90%8D" title="俗名">俗名</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" title="植物學名">植物学名</a></li> <li>植物命名指南作者:黃增泉, 吳明洲, 黃星凡出版社：行政院農業委員會林務局出版日期：2013/12/01</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="網路資源"><span id=".E7.B6.B2.E8.B7.AF.E8.B3.87.E6.BA.90"></span>網路資源</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：網路資源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>國際藻類、真菌和植物命名法規(深圳法規2018) <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php">https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20191216164849/https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） </p><p>動物命名法規(第四版) <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.iczn.org/the-code/the-code-online/">https://www.iczn.org/the-code/the-code-online/</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210903062842/https://www.iczn.org/the-code/the-code-online/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） </p><p>原核生物命名法規 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.the-icsp.org/bacterial-code">http://www.the-icsp.org/bacterial-code</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220614200826/http://www.the-icsp.org/bacterial-code">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） </p><p>國際動物命名法委員會. 國際動物命名規約 (第四版) . 于名振, 譯. 修訂 2 版. 基隆: 水產出版社, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.iczn.org/assets/af0248bce6/20090306-Traditional-Chinese-translation-of-ICZN-Code4.pdf">https://www.iczn.org/assets/af0248bce6/20090306-Traditional-Chinese-translation-of-ICZN-Code4.pdf</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220308082843/https://www.iczn.org/assets/af0248bce6/20090306-Traditional-Chinese-translation-of-ICZN-Code4.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-#1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-#1_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-#1_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">國際動物命名法委員會. 國際動物命名規約 (第四版) (國際動物命名規約史略)篇章[M]. 於名振, 譯. 修訂 2 版. 基隆: 水產出版社, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/scientific-name">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-03-31</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210614052021/https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/scientific-name">存档</a>于2021-06-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biologyonline.com%2Fdictionary%2Fscientific-name&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Clerck, Carl Alexander. Aranei Svecici. 瑞典: Literis Laur. Salvii. 1757.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&rft.aufirst=Carl+Alexander&rft.aulast=Clerck&rft.btitle=Aranei+Svecici&rft.date=1757&rft.genre=book&rft.place=%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8&rft.pub=Literis+Laur.+Salvii&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">王锦秀; 汤彦承. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.term.org.cn/CN/Y2005/V7/I03/61">中国种子植物中文名命名法规刍议</a>. 科技术语研究. 2005, <b>7</b> (3): 61–63 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-07-05</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210709183122/http://www.term.org.cn/CN/Y2005/V7/I03/61">存档</a>于2021-07-09）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A7%8D%E5%AD%90%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%90%8D%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95%E8%A7%84%E5%88%8D%E8%AE%AE&rft.au=%E7%8E%8B%E9%94%A6%E7%A7%80&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E8%AF%AD%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&rft.pages=61-63&rft.volume=7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.term.org.cn%2FCN%2FY2005%2FV7%2FI03%2F61&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[Simpson, M. G. 2006. Plant Systematics. p. 571. MA: Elsevier-Academic Press.]：“Scientific name: A formal, universally accepted name, the rules and regulations of which (for plants, algae, fungi and organisms traditionally treated as such) are provided by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature.”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">车振明. 微生物学[M]. <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="北京">北京</a>: <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="科学出版社">科学出版社</a>, 2011: 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" title="國際動物命名法委員會">國際動物命名法委員會</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E8%A6%8F%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="國際動物命名規約">國際動物命名規約</a> (第四版) [M]. 于名振, 譯. 修訂 2 版. <a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E9%9A%86" class="mw-redirect" title="基隆">基隆</a>: 水產出版社, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> 國際動物命名法委員會. 國際動物命名規約 (第四版) (序言)篇章[M]. 於名振, 譯. 修訂 2 版. 基隆: 水產出版社, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> 國際藻類真菌植物命名法規原則二</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">國際動物命名法委員會. 國際動物命名規約 (第四版) (序言)篇章[M]. 於名振, 譯. 修訂 2 版. 基隆: 水產出版社, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> 國際動物命名法規 (第四版)第23條</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> 國際藻類真菌植物命名法規原則三</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">國際動物命名法規 (第四版)第11條</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">國際藻類真菌植物命名法規原則五</span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=學名&oldid=84933429">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=學名&oldid=84933429</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95" title="Category:生物学命名法">生物学命名法</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">隐藏分类：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E8%BF%87%E6%97%B6%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有过时参数的引用的页面">含有过时参数的引用的页面</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%87%AA2020%E5%B9%B42%E6%9C%88%E9%9C%80%E8%A6%81%E4%B8%93%E4%B8%9A%E4%BA%BA%E5%A3%AB%E5%85%B3%E6%B3%A8%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:自2020年2月需要专业人士关注的页面">自2020年2月需要专业人士关注的页面</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E9%9C%80%E8%A6%81%E5%B0%88%E5%AE%B6%E9%97%9C%E6%B3%A8%E7%9A%84%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:所有需要專家關注的頁面">所有需要專家關注的頁面</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E9%9C%80%E8%A6%81%E5%B0%88%E5%AE%B6%E9%97%9C%E6%B3%A8%E7%9A%84%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:其他需要專家關注的頁面">其他需要專家關注的頁面</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%87%AA2020%E5%B9%B42%E6%9C%88%E9%9C%80%E8%A1%A5%E5%85%85%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:自2020年2月需补充来源的条目">自2020年2月需补充来源的条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%8B%92%E7%BB%9D%E5%BD%93%E9%80%89%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5%E6%96%B0%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE%E6%8E%A8%E8%8D%90%E6%A0%8F%E7%9B%AE%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:拒绝当选首页新条目推荐栏目的条目">拒绝当选首页新条目推荐栏目的条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%A4%9A%E4%B8%AA%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:含有多个问题的条目">含有多个问题的条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%89%A9%E5%85%85%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:扩充中的条目">扩充中的条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E6%89%A9%E5%85%85%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:所有扩充中的条目">所有扩充中的条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%B0%8F%E5%9E%8B%E8%A8%8A%E6%81%AF%E6%A1%86%E7%9A%84%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:使用小型訊息框的頁面">使用小型訊息框的頁面</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:含有英語的條目">含有英語的條目</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 本页面最后修订于2024年11月11日 (星期一) 11:45。</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">本站的全部文字在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh">知识共享署名-相同方式共享 4.0协议</a>之条款下提供，附加条款亦可能应用。（请参阅<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">使用条款</a>）<br /> Wikipedia®和维基百科标志是<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/zh">维基媒体基金会</a>的注册商标；维基™是维基媒体基金会的商标。<br /> 维基媒体基金会是按美国国內稅收法501(c)(3)登记的<a class="external text" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tax_deductibility">非营利慈善机构</a>。<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">隐私政策</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E">关于维基百科</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E">免责声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行为准则</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">开发者</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh.wikipedia.org">统计</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">手机版视图</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-78f4c97c5d-lfrfk","wgBackendResponseTime":206,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.262","walltime":"0.328","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2784,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":40358,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":10285,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":28,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":22675,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 249.604 1 -total"," 51.56% 128.686 1 Template:多個問題"," 35.72% 89.154 1 Template:Expert"," 33.09% 82.586 4 Template:Ambox"," 20.54% 51.267 1 Template:Reflist"," 16.13% 40.273 4 Template:Category_handler"," 13.44% 33.554 1 Template:Cite_web"," 10.92% 27.261 4 Template:Category_handler/numbered"," 10.02% 25.020 4 Template:Namespace_detect"," 9.45% 23.584 3 Template:Lang"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.063","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":3221899,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-847495b4dd-l8vk8","timestamp":"20241128124446","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u5b78\u540d","url":"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q10753560","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q10753560","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u8d21\u732e\u8005"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-06-09T00:36:55Z","dateModified":"2024-11-11T11:45:00Z","headline":"\u751f\u7269\u5206\u985e\u55ae\u5143\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u901a\u7528\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u540d\u7a31\uff1b\u5728\u5c6c\u3001\u7a2e\u6216\u5176\u4e0b\u5206\u985e\u7d1a\u5225\u4ee5\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u66f8\u5beb"}</script> </body> </html>