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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&returntoquery=variant%3Dzh-tw" title="建議您先登入，但並非必要。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登入</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" lang="zh-Hant-TW" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 用於已登出編輯者的頁面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80" aria-label="了解更多有關編輯"><span>了解更多</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="由此 IP 位址編輯的清單[y]" accesskey="y"><span>貢獻</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="對於來自此IP地址編輯的討論[n]" accesskey="n"><span>討論</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站台"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目次" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目次</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至側邊欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隱藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-概述" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#概述"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>概述</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-概述-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-命名基本原則" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#命名基本原則"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>命名基本原則</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-命名基本原則-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>切換命名基本原則子章節</span> </button> <ul id="toc-命名基本原則-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-命名模式" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#命名模式"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>命名模式</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-命名模式-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-優先權" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#優先權"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>優先權</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-優先權-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-學名用拉丁文" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#學名用拉丁文"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>學名用拉丁文</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-學名用拉丁文-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-學名的字數" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#學名的字數"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>學名的字數</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-學名的字數-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>切換學名的字數子章節</span> </button> <ul id="toc-學名的字數-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-單名法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#單名法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>單名法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-單名法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-二名法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#二名法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>二名法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-二名法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-三名法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#三名法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>三名法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-三名法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-缩写和符号" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#缩写和符号"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>縮寫和符號</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-缩写和符号-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸閱讀" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸閱讀"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>延伸閱讀</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸閱讀-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-網路資源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#網路資源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>網路資源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-網路資源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目次" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" lang="zh-Hant-TW" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="切換目次" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">切換目次</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" lang="zh-Hant-TW" dir="ltr"><span class="mw-page-title-main">學名</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" lang="zh-Hant-TW" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往別種語言的條目。有 14 種語言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 種語言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nombre_cientifico" title="Nombre cientifico – 阿拉貢文" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Nombre cientifico" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉貢文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nome_cient%C3%ADficu" title="Nome científicu – 阿斯圖里亞文" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nome científicu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯圖里亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C5%8Fk-mi%C3%A0ng" title="Hŏk-miàng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Hŏk-miàng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_name" title="Scientific name – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Scientific name" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nombre_cient%C3%ADfico" title="Nombre científico – 西班牙文" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nombre científico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nom_scientifique" title="Nom scientifique – 法文" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nom scientifique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nome_scientifico" title="Nome scientifico – 義大利文" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nome scientifico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="義大利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E5%90%8D" title="学名 – 日文" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="学名" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%99%EB%AA%85" title="학명 – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="학명" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitskapleg_namn" title="Vitskapleg namn – 耐諾斯克挪威文" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vitskapleg namn" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="耐諾斯克挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5" title="Название научное – 俄文" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Название научное" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vetenskapligt_namn" title="Vetenskapligt namn – 瑞典文" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vetenskapligt namn" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha%CC%8Dk-mi%C3%A2" title="Ha̍k-miâ – 閩南語" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ha̍k-miâ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="閩南語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" title="學名 – 粵語" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="學名" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粵語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10753560#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="編輯跨語言連結" class="wbc-editpage">編輯連結</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空間"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" lang="zh-Hant-TW" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" title="瀏覽條目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>條目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" rel="discussion" title="關於此頁面的討論[t]" accesskey="t"><span>討論</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " lang="zh-Hant-TW" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="變更語言變體" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">臺灣正體</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" lang="zh-Hant-TW" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="selected ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" lang="zh-Hant-TW" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D"><span>閱讀</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit" title="編輯此頁面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>編輯</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=history" title="本頁面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>檢視歷史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" lang="zh-Hant-TW" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至側邊欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隱藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多選項" lang="zh-Hant-TW" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D"><span>閱讀</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit" title="編輯此頁面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>編輯</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=history"><span>檢視歷史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" lang="zh-Hant-TW" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 一般 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" title="列出所有與本頁相連的頁面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>連結至此的頁面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" rel="nofollow" title="頁面連出所有頁面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相關變更</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上傳圖像或多媒體檔[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上傳檔案</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊頁面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊頁面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&oldid=84933429" title="此頁面修訂的固定連結"><span>固定連結</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=info" title="更多關於此頁面的資訊"><span>頁面資訊</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&id=84933429&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="關於如何引用此頁的資訊"><span>引用此頁面</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fzh-tw%2F%25E5%25AD%25B8%25E5%2590%258D"><span>取得短網址</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrKodu&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fzh-tw%2F%25E5%25AD%25B8%25E5%2590%258D"><span>下載QR碼</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" lang="zh-Hant-TW" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 列印/匯出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=show-download-screen"><span>下載為PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="此頁面的可列印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>可列印版</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" lang="zh-Hant-TW" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 其他專案 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10753560" title="連結至已連接的資料儲存庫項目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>維基數據項目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外觀"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外觀</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至側邊欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隱藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">維基百科，自由的百科全書</div> </div> <div id="contentSub" lang="zh-Hant-TW" dir="ltr"><div id="mw-content-subtitle" lang="zh-Hant-TW" dir="ltr"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh-Hant-TW" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84596247">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox 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.ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-问题条目 plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>本條目存在以下問題</b>，請協助<b><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit">改善本條目</a></b>或在<b><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" title="Talk:學名">討論頁</a></b>針對議題發表看法。 <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Expert_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目需要<b>精通或熟悉相關主題的編者</b>參與及協助編輯。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2020年2月21日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%B0%88%E5%AE%B6%E9%82%80%E8%AB%8B%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E5%B0%8F%E7%B5%84" title="Wikipedia:專家邀請工作小組">邀請</a>適合的人士<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit">改善本條目</a>。更多的細節與詳情請參見<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" title="Talk:學名">討論頁</a>。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要補充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明來源">來源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2020年2月21日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請協助補充多方面<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠來源">可靠來源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit">改善這篇條目</a>，<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查證">無法查證</a>的內容可能會因為<a href="/wiki/Template:Fact" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fact">異議提出</a>而被移除。<br />致使用者：請搜尋一下條目的標題（來源搜尋：<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D%22">"學名"</a> — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?q=%22%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D%22">網頁</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=&as_src=-newswire+-wire+-presswire+-PR+-press+-release+-wikipedia&q=%22%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D%22">新聞</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_pub=-icon&q=%22%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D%22">書籍</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?&q=%22%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D%22">學術</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&safe=off&q=%22%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D%22">圖像</a></span>），以檢查網路上是否存在該主題的更多可靠來源（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠來源">判定指引</a>）。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div><span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧義"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>中國舊時兒童入學受教育時由長輩另取的名字，請參看「<b><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%93%E5%90%8D" title="訓名">訓名</a></b>」。</div> <p><b>學名</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英語">英語</a>：Scientific name）是<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="生物學">生物學</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="術語">術語</a>，即根據國際上制定的有關<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="生物">生物</a>命名的法規，為每一種生物或者每個分類學上的生物群（例如：科群、屬群），給予一個全世界通用的格式化拉丁文或拉丁化名稱 <sup id="cite_ref-#1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>動物學名的起源於1758年瑞典博物學家<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E6%9E%97%E5%A5%88" class="mw-redirect" title="卡爾·林奈">卡爾·林奈</a>的名著《<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="自然系統">自然系統</a>》第十版出版，林奈提倡給每種動物一個簡化的拉丁文名稱，由一字的屬名與一字的種小名共同組成，這種二名式命名法系統隨即被很多動物學家普遍採用<sup id="cite_ref-#1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。根據此命名法所得的學名，稱為<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="雙名">雙名</a></b>或<b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="二名">二名</a></b>；而漢語界的共識是雙名屬於一種學名，即學名的含義更為廣泛。 </p><p>目前動物命名法規規定1758年1月1日為動物命名法規的起用時間，之前發表的命名則不予採用。唯一例外是同樣採用二名法命名於1757年發表的克勒克著作《瑞典蜘蛛》(Aranei Svecici)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>學名以外的名稱均為<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%97%E5%90%8D" title="俗名">俗名</a>，因此並無所謂的「中文學名」，僅有漢語「普通名」與漢語「別名」<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。生物都有各自的命名法規，如動物的命名受到《<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95%E8%A6%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="國際動物命名法規">國際動物命名法規</a>》的約束<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>理論上一種生物僅有一個有效的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="雙名">雙名</a>或學名，稱為<b>接受名</b>，在世界範圍內通用，以便不同國家和地區的學者互相交流研討，明確所指的是哪種生物。按照國際上對生物命名的法規，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E7%89%A9%E7%95%B0%E5%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="同物異名">同物異名</a>的情況時（即同一物種被先後多次描述並命名，由此產生了多個學名），只有最早發表的學名是有效的，後發表的學名會被棄用。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="概述"><span id=".E6.A6.82.E8.BF.B0"></span>概述</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=1" title="編輯章節：概述"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>學名的首字母需大寫。在科學文獻的印刷出版時，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%AC_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9)" class="mw-redirect" title="屬 (生物)">屬</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%AE_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9)" class="mw-redirect" title="種 (生物)">種</a>或之下<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E9%98%B6%E5%85%83" title="分類階元">階元</a>的生物學名之引用常以斜體表示，或在正排體學名下加底線表示<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。學名內所指的有可能是一種生物、一屬的生物或一科的生物。原則上，一種生物的學名只有一個，即一個學名也只會用來稱呼一種生物，學名以外的名稱均為俗名。學名使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁化">拉丁化</a>文字，而俗名無限制<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。同一種生物有可能有許多俗名，有的俗名使用較為廣泛，例如：學名: <i><a href="/wiki/Gambusia_affinis" class="mw-redirect" title="Gambusia affinis">Gambusia affinis</a></i> (Baird & Girard, 1853) 俗名: <a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E8%9A%8A%E9%AD%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="食蚊魚">食蚊魚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%82%9A%E4%BB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="大肚仔">大肚仔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%8E%E9%B1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="胎鱂">胎鱂</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%82%9A%E9%AD%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="大肚魚">大肚魚</a>，其中較常聽到的俗名應該是「大肚魚」。 </p><p>最初為了避免交流障礙，所以採用<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="歐洲">歐洲</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="中世紀">中古</a>時期通用的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="拉丁語">拉丁文</a>作為學名，但後來學者開始使用其他語言來為生物命名（但學名詞尾、語法仍符合命名法），使得生物的學名中包含了來自世界各種語言的詞彙，如<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E7%BF%BC%E9%BE%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="奇翼龍">奇翼龍</a>的 <i>Yi qi</i>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%8D%B8%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="神獸屬">神獸屬</a>的 <i>Shenshou</i>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%99%E5%85%BD%E5%B1%9E" title="仙獸屬">仙獸屬</a>的 <i>Xianshou</i>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%90%E9%BE%8D%E5%B1%AC" title="寐龍屬">寐龍屬</a>的 <i>Mei</i> 及其下物種<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%90%E9%BE%8D%E5%B1%AC" title="寐龍屬">寐龍</a>的 <i>Mei long</i> 等詞語來自<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="中文">中文</a>。 </p><p>目前學名最長的物種為<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E7%90%83%E8%8F%8C%E5%B1%9E" title="黏球菌屬">黏球菌屬</a>的<i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Myxococcus llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogochensis" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英語" data-foreign-title="Myxococcus llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogochensis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Myxococcus_llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogochensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Myxococcus llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogochensis（頁面不存在）">Myxococcus llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogochensis</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myxococcus_llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogochensis" class="extiw" title="en:Myxococcus llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogochensis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Myxococcus llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogochensis</span></a></span>）</span></span></i>，其種小名源自其發現地<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B0%E9%9F%A6%E5%B0%94%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%94%E5%8F%A4%E5%9B%A0%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E6%88%88%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E6%83%A0%E5%B0%94%E6%81%A9%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0%E8%92%82%E8%A5%BF%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%A5%E6%88%88%E6%88%88%E6%88%88%E8%B5%AB" title="蘭韋爾普爾古因吉爾戈格里惠爾恩德羅布爾蘭蒂西利奧戈戈戈赫">蘭韋爾普爾古因吉爾</a>的全名，是世界第二長的地名；學名最短的物種為<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%9D%A0" title="南蝠">南蝠</a>（<i>Ia io</i>）和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E7%BF%BC%E9%BE%8D%E5%B1%AC" title="奇翼龍屬">奇翼龍</a>（<i>Yi qi</i>），都只有 4 個字母。 </p><p>生物命名有一個基本原則，即某個<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E9%98%B6%E5%85%83" title="分類階元">生物分類單位</a>的有效名稱，應以最早正式刊出的名稱為準。若發現同物異名的情況，應保留最早的名稱，廢除較晚的命名。沒有兩個屬的動物可以有相同的屬名，也沒有兩個屬的植物有相同的屬名，一個屬中也沒有兩個種有相同的種名。動物和植物可以有相同的屬名，不同屬中可以有相同的種名，但親緣關係較近的屬中應避免相同的種名，以免分類調整歸為一屬時造成混亂。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="命名基本原則"><span id=".E5.91.BD.E5.90.8D.E5.9F.BA.E6.9C.AC.E5.8E.9F.E5.89.87"></span>命名基本原則</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=2" title="編輯章節：命名基本原則"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="命名模式"><span id=".E5.91.BD.E5.90.8D.E6.A8.A1.E5.BC.8F"></span>命名模式</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=3" title="編輯章節：命名模式"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>命名應指定命名模式，種的命名模式為該種個體的標本，屬的命名模式為一個種，科的命名模式為一個屬 <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="優先權"><span id=".E5.84.AA.E5.85.88.E6.AC.8A"></span>優先權</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=4" title="編輯章節：優先權"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>原則上先發表的學名具有優先權；但如果嚴格實行優先權規定，可能會使長久普遍使用的學名被廢棄時，則可能例外使較早發表而具有優先權的名字被廢棄。 <sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="學名用拉丁文"><span id=".E5.AD.B8.E5.90.8D.E7.94.A8.E6.8B.89.E4.B8.81.E6.96.87"></span>學名用拉丁文</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=5" title="編輯章節：學名用拉丁文"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>學名應使用拉丁文或拉丁化文字。 <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="學名的字數"><span id=".E5.AD.B8.E5.90.8D.E7.9A.84.E5.AD.97.E6.95.B8"></span>學名的字數</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=6" title="編輯章節：學名的字數"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="單名法"><span id=".E5.96.AE.E5.90.8D.E6.B3.95"></span>單名法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=7" title="編輯章節：單名法"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%9E" title="屬">屬</a>以上的<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E9%98%B6%E5%85%83" title="分類階元">分類階元</a>的學名使用<b>單名法</b>（nomen），由一個拉丁文單詞表示，首字母大寫，屬名須用斜體，其他階元慣用正體。完整引用時須在名稱後加命名人姓氏和命名時間，一般情況下則省略。命名人姓氏和命名時間之間用<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%BD%A2%E5%92%8C%E5%8D%8A%E5%BD%A2" title="全形和半形">半角</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%97%E5%8F%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="逗號">逗號</a> + 一個空格（, ），命名人第一個字母大寫。在某些階元有特定使用的詞尾，例如植物科的學名詞尾為 aceae；新命名的分類階元則在名稱後加「nov.」。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="二名法"><span id=".E4.BA.8C.E5.90.8D.E6.B3.95"></span>二名法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=8" title="編輯章節：二名法"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D" title="物種">種</a>一級的學名使用<b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95" title="二名法">二名法</a></b>（binomen），又稱雙名法，由屬名和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%8D%E5%8A%A0%E8%AF%8D" title="種加詞">種加詞</a>（種小名）兩部分構成一個種名。完整引用時須在種名後加命名人姓氏和命名時間，一般情況下可省略。有時屬名後還可附加用括號括起的亞屬名。屬名、亞屬名及其所帶的括號、種加詞均用斜體，命名人、命名時間及二者間的逗號用正體。屬名、亞屬名和命名人的第一個字母大寫。若原來的命名經過修正（如某物種從一個屬移入另一屬），則原命名人加上括號。 </p><p>若在一篇文章中多次引用某個種名，可在第一次完整引用後，後續使用屬名、亞屬名和種加詞的縮寫式，縮寫只保留屬名、亞屬名和種加詞的首字母，後加半角<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A5%E5%8F%B7" title="句號">句號</a> + 一個空格（. ）。在很少的一些情況下，由於一個物種已經廣為人知，所以其縮寫形式就約定俗成了，如 <i>Escherichia coli</i>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%85%B8%E6%A1%BF%E8%8F%8C" title="大腸桿菌">大腸埃希菌</a>，即大腸桿菌）可縮寫為 <i>E. coli</i> 而不會引起誤會。若名稱在一行內寫不下要換行時，須按<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%8A%82" title="音節">音節</a>換行，不能將音節拆開，並要加半角<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%B7" title="連接號">連接號</a>（-）連接。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="三名法"><span id=".E4.B8.89.E5.90.8D.E6.B3.95"></span>三名法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=9" title="編輯章節：三名法"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%A8%AE" title="亞種">亞種</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E7%A8%AE_(%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8)" class="mw-redirect" title="變種 (植物學)">變種</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%98%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="變型（頁面不存在）">變型</a>等種以下的階元使用<b>三名法</b>（trinomen）：由屬名、種加詞、種下階元加詞三部分組成，均用斜體或專名號。完整引用時須在名稱後加命名人姓氏和命名時間，一般情況下可省略。 </p><p><b>示例</b> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%AB%E7%A7%91" title="貓科">貓科</a>：Felidae Gray, 1821 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%B9%E5%B1%9E" title="豹屬">豹屬</a>：<i>Panthera</i> Oken, 1816 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%8E" title="虎">虎</a>：<i>Panthera tigris</i> (Linnaeus, 1758) ，也可寫為 <i>Panthera (tigris) tigris</i> (Linnaeus, 1758)。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E8%99%8E" title="東北虎">東北虎</a>：<i>Panthera tigris altaica</i> (Termminck, 1845) ，若前文已引用過虎的完整學名，則東北虎的學名可簡寫為 <i>P. t. altaica</i>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%A5%88" class="mw-redirect" title="林奈">林奈</a>（Linnaeus）最初為虎命名時，將虎歸入<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%AB%E5%B1%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="貓屬">貓屬</a>，因此虎的舊名為 <i>Felis tigris</i> Linaeus, 1758，東北虎的舊名為 <i>Felis tigris altaica</i> Termminck, 1845，而現行分類將虎歸入<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%B9%E5%B1%9E" title="豹屬">豹屬</a>，所以命名人加了括號。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="缩写和符号"><span id=".E7.BC.A9.E5.86.99.E5.92.8C.E7.AC.A6.E5.8F.B7"></span>縮寫和符號</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=10" title="編輯章節：縮寫和符號"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此章節需要<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit"><b>擴充</b></a>。</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>學名中還會使用一些正體的縮寫和符號，例如： </p> <ul><li>aff. 是 affinis 的縮寫，寫在種名前，意為親近，翻譯為近緣種，古生物較常用，如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%89%81%E9%BC%BB%E7%8A%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="原始扁鼻犬（頁面不存在）">原始扁鼻犬</a>親近種 <i>Simocyon</i> aff. <i>primigenius</i> Roth et Wanger, 1855 與原始扁鼻犬 <i>Simocyon primigenius</i> Roth et Wanger, 1855 有一定的親緣關係。</li> <li>cf. 是 conformis 的縮寫，寫在種名前，意為相似，翻譯為相似種，比近緣種關係更為密切，古生物較常用，如史前的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%BC%E5%8C%97%E8%B1%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="似北豺（頁面不存在）">似北豺</a> <i>Cuon</i> cf<i>. alpinus</i> (Pallas, 1811) 與現生的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%BA" title="豺">豺</a> <i>Cuon alpinus</i> (Pallas, 1811) 很相似，但不能肯定為同一種。</li> <li>var. 是 varietas 的縮寫，意為<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E7%A8%AE" title="變種">變種</a>，寫在種名後，變種名前，主要表示地理意義上的變種，也可用於其它意義的變種，如<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%85" title="鵝">家鵝</a>的學名 <i>Anser cypnoides</i> var. <i>domestica</i> 就是在<a href="/wiki/%E9%B8%BF%E9%9B%81" title="鴻雁">鴻雁</a>的學名後加上「馴養」（<i>domestica</i>）構成的，即鴻雁馴化變種。</li> <li>mut. 是 mutatio 的縮寫，意為變種，表示時間意義上的變種，但時間意義上的變種也常用 var. 而不用 mut.，mut. 很少使用。</li> <li>indet. 是 indeterminata 的縮寫，表示屬或種不能鑑定。</li> <li>emend. 是 emendatio 的縮寫，表示修改、訂正，一般在屬、科以上使用。</li> <li>? 表示有疑問，不確定。 ? 放在屬名前，表示屬、種都可能有問題，? 放在屬名後，表示屬名不能肯定，? 放在命名人後，表示種名不能肯定。</li> <li>et 是「和，與，及」的意思。若由兩人聯合命名，則命名人之間用 et 連接，如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A5%E6%B2%B3%E6%B9%BE%E5%B7%A8%E5%89%91%E9%BD%BF%E8%99%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="泥河灣巨劍齒虎（頁面不存在）">泥河灣巨劍齒虎</a> <i>Megantereon nihowanensis</i> <b>Teilhard et Piveteau</b>, 1930；若由三人聯合命名，則第一人和第二人之間用半角逗號+一個空格（, ）隔開，第二人和第三人之間用 et 連接，如<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E9%B1%80%E8%B1%9A%E7%A7%91" title="白鱀豚科">白鱀豚科</a> Lipotidae <b>Zhou, Qian et Li</b>, 1978。命名人之間也可用 <b>and</b> 或符號 <b>&</b> 連接，作用與 et 相同。命名人超過三人時，則在第一個人後面加上 et al. ，表示「等，以及其他人」，如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E9%9B%84%E9%98%B6%E9%BD%BF%E5%85%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南雄階齒獸（頁面不存在）">南雄階齒獸</a> <i>Bemalambda nanhsiungensis</i> <b>Chow et al</b>., 1973</li> <li>gen. 是屬 genus 的縮寫，sp. 和 spp. 是種 species 的縮寫，sp. 是種的單數，spp. 是種的複數，sp. 寫在屬名之後，表示不能確定種名的未定種。</li> <li>nov. 是 nova 新的縮寫， gen. nov. 表示新屬，sp. nov. 表示新種，gen. et. sp. nov. 表示第一次發表的新屬、新種。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸閱讀"><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E4.BC.B8.E9.96.B1.E8.AE.80"></span>延伸閱讀</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=11" title="編輯章節：延伸閱讀"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95%E8%A6%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="國際動物命名法規">國際動物命名法規</a>（<span lang="en">International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, ICZN</span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E8%97%BB%E7%B1%BB%E3%80%81%E7%9C%9F%E8%8F%8C%E3%80%81%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95%E8%A7%84" class="mw-redirect" title="國際藻類、真菌、植物命名法規">國際藻類、真菌和植物命名法規</a>（<span lang="en">International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants；ICN</span>）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="國際原核生物命名法規" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英語" data-foreign-title="International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%8E%9F%E6%A0%B8%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95%E8%A6%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="國際原核生物命名法規（頁面不存在）">國際原核生物命名法規</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Code_of_Nomenclature_of_Prokaryotes" class="extiw" title="en:International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes"><span lang="en" dir="auto">International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes</span></a></span>）</span></span>（<span lang="en">International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes, ICNP</span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%B8%E5%90%8D" title="裸名">裸名</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%97%E5%90%8D" title="俗名">俗名</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" title="植物學名">植物學名</a></li> <li>植物命名指南作者:黃增泉, 吳明洲, 黃星凡出版社：行政院農業委員會林務局出版日期：2013/12/01</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="網路資源"><span id=".E7.B6.B2.E8.B7.AF.E8.B3.87.E6.BA.90"></span>網路資源</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=12" title="編輯章節：網路資源"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>國際藻類、真菌和植物命名法規(深圳法規2018) <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php">https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20191216164849/https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php">頁面存檔備份</a>，存於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="網際網路檔案館">網際網路檔案館</a>） </p><p>動物命名法規(第四版) <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.iczn.org/the-code/the-code-online/">https://www.iczn.org/the-code/the-code-online/</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210903062842/https://www.iczn.org/the-code/the-code-online/">頁面存檔備份</a>，存於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="網際網路檔案館">網際網路檔案館</a>） </p><p>原核生物命名法規 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.the-icsp.org/bacterial-code">http://www.the-icsp.org/bacterial-code</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220614200826/http://www.the-icsp.org/bacterial-code">頁面存檔備份</a>，存於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="網際網路檔案館">網際網路檔案館</a>） </p><p>國際動物命名法委員會. 國際動物命名規約 (第四版) . 於名振, 譯. 修訂 2 版. 基隆: 水產出版社, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.iczn.org/assets/af0248bce6/20090306-Traditional-Chinese-translation-of-ICZN-Code4.pdf">https://www.iczn.org/assets/af0248bce6/20090306-Traditional-Chinese-translation-of-ICZN-Code4.pdf</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220308082843/https://www.iczn.org/assets/af0248bce6/20090306-Traditional-Chinese-translation-of-ICZN-Code4.pdf">頁面存檔備份</a>，存於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="網際網路檔案館">網際網路檔案館</a>） </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=13" title="編輯章節：參考文獻"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biologyonline.com%2Fdictionary%2Fscientific-name&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Clerck, Carl Alexander. Aranei Svecici. 瑞典: Literis Laur. 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G. 2006. Plant Systematics. p. 571. MA: Elsevier-Academic Press.]：「Scientific name: A formal, universally accepted name, the rules and regulations of which (for plants, algae, fungi and organisms traditionally treated as such) are provided by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature.」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">車振明. 微生物學[M]. <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="北京">北京</a>: <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="科學出版社">科學出版社</a>, 2011: 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" title="國際動物命名法委員會">國際動物命名法委員會</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E8%A6%8F%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="國際動物命名規約">國際動物命名規約</a> (第四版) [M]. 於名振, 譯. 修訂 2 版. <a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E9%9A%86" class="mw-redirect" title="基隆">基隆</a>: 水產出版社, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> 國際動物命名法委員會. 國際動物命名規約 (第四版) (序言)篇章[M]. 於名振, 譯. 修訂 2 版. 基隆: 水產出版社, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> 國際藻類真菌植物命名法規原則二</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">國際動物命名法委員會. 國際動物命名規約 (第四版) (序言)篇章[M]. 於名振, 譯. 修訂 2 版. 基隆: 水產出版社, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> 國際動物命名法規 (第四版)第23條</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> 國際藻類真菌植物命名法規原則三</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">國際動物命名法規 (第四版)第11條</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">國際藻類真菌植物命名法規原則五</span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="" lang="zh-Hant-TW" dir="ltr">取自「<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=學名&oldid=84933429">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=學名&oldid=84933429</a>」</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分類</a>：<ul><li><a 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