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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lira da braccio</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Musical instrument</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Lira da braccio</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lira_da_braccio.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Lira_da_braccio.png/250px-Lira_da_braccio.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Lira_da_braccio.png/500px-Lira_da_braccio.png 1.5x" data-file-width="825" data-file-height="419" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">"Lyra de bracio" as illustrated by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Praetorius" title="Michael Praetorius">Michael Praetorius</a> in his <i><a href="/wiki/Syntagma_Musicum" title="Syntagma Musicum">Syntagma Musicum</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left">Lyra de bracio</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument_classification" title="Musical instrument classification">Classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left"><span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bowed_string_instrument" title="Bowed string instrument">Bowed string instrument</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Developed</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left">15th century</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:"><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">Related instruments</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lirone" title="Lirone">Lirone</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Vielle" title="Vielle">Vielle</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>lira da braccio</b> (or <i>lyra de bracio</i><sup id="cite_ref-pretorious_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pretorious-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) was a <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> <a href="/wiki/Bow_(music)" title="Bow (music)">bowed</a> <a href="/wiki/String_instrument" title="String instrument">string instrument</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_music" title="Renaissance music">Renaissance</a>. It was used by <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian</a> poet-musicians<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Noble_court" class="mw-redirect" title="Noble court">court</a> in the 15th and 16th centuries to accompany their <a href="/wiki/Improvisation" title="Improvisation">improvised</a> recitations of <a href="/wiki/Lyric_poetry" title="Lyric poetry">lyric</a> and <a href="/wiki/Narrative_poetry" title="Narrative poetry">narrative poetry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is most closely related to the medieval fiddle, or <a href="/wiki/Vielle" title="Vielle">vielle</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and like the vielle had a leaf-shaped <a href="/wiki/Pegbox" class="mw-redirect" title="Pegbox">pegbox</a> with frontal pegs.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fiddles with <a href="/wiki/Drone_(sound)" title="Drone (sound)">drone</a> strings are seen beginning in the 9th century (<a href="/wiki/Byzantine_lyra" title="Byzantine lyra">Byzantine lyra</a>), and the instrument continued to develop through the 16th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In many depictions of the instrument, it is being played by mythological characters, frequently members of <a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">angel</a> consorts, and most often by <a href="/wiki/Orpheus" title="Orpheus">Orpheus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a>. The <i>lira da braccio</i> was occasionally used in ensembles, particularly in the <i><a href="/wiki/Intermedi" class="mw-redirect" title="Intermedi">intermedi</a></i>, and may have acted as a proto-continuo instrument. </p><p>The instrument was shaped essentially like a <a href="/wiki/Violin" title="Violin">violin</a>, but with a wider fingerboard and flatter bridge. Generally, it had seven strings, five of them tuned like a violin with a low d added to the bottom (that is, d–g–d'–a'–e'') with two strings off the fingerboard which served as drones and were usually tuned in octaves.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Praetorius" title="Michael Praetorius">Michael Praetorius</a> shows the instrument with <a href="/wiki/Fret" title="Fret">frets</a>, although he is the only one to do so (see image at right). The wide fingerboard and flat bridge, along with long, strongly curved bows, facilitated chordal playing on the instrument. Although Praetorius depicts the instrument as <i>lyra de bracio</i> with various <a href="/wiki/Viol" title="Viol">viols</a> "da gamba" (see <a href="/wiki/File:Syntagma12.png" title="File:Syntagma12.png">image</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-pretorious_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pretorious-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was in fact played on the shoulder, as is implied by its name, which refers to the arm, or <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/braccio" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:braccio">braccio</a></i> in Italian. From the few treatises and compositions which survive, it seems that the lira was played with triple and quadruple stops. The player was somewhat limited in terms of what inversions they could play, and it is believed that the top strings may have been used for melody, and the lower strings for chordal playing. In addition, it is believed that when accompanying singing, the instrument played at a higher pitch than the performer sang.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually in the late 16th century a fretted bass version of the lira da braccio with an expanded number of strings was developed, the <i><a href="/wiki/Lirone" title="Lirone">lirone</a></i>, also known as the <i>lira da gamba</i>, which was played "da gamba", or between the legs. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lira_da_braccio&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Montagna_lira_da_braccio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Montagna_lira_da_braccio.jpg/220px-Montagna_lira_da_braccio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Montagna_lira_da_braccio.jpg/330px-Montagna_lira_da_braccio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Montagna_lira_da_braccio.jpg/440px-Montagna_lira_da_braccio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="908" data-file-height="664" /></a><figcaption>Lira da braccio player by <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_Montagna" title="Bartolomeo Montagna">Bartolomeo Montagna</a>, c. 1500</figcaption></figure> <p>The lira da braccio was first cited in 1533 by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Maria_Lanfranco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giovanni Maria Lanfranco (page does not exist)">Giovanni Maria Lanfranco</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (using the term "seven-stringed lyra"), also describing its tuning: [c-c' / g-g'-d'-a'-e]. Lira was devised to accompany humanist sung verse by poets, such as the 14th century <a href="/wiki/Petrarch" title="Petrarch">Petrarch</a> and his later imitators, and was popular in the North Italian city-states such as Florence, Ferrara, Mantua, Venice and so on. In this role, the Lira enjoyed a prestige among instruments that it was never quite to achieve again. Amongst its exponents at the time were several great painters, notably <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a>, who according to Emmanuel Winternitz, was widely held to be the doyen among performers upon the Lira. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Giovanni_d%27andrea_veronese,_lira_da_braccio_con_mascherone,_1511_(vienna,_khm)_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Giovanni_d%27andrea_veronese%2C_lira_da_braccio_con_mascherone%2C_1511_%28vienna%2C_khm%29_01.jpg/250px-Giovanni_d%27andrea_veronese%2C_lira_da_braccio_con_mascherone%2C_1511_%28vienna%2C_khm%29_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="465" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Giovanni_d%27andrea_veronese%2C_lira_da_braccio_con_mascherone%2C_1511_%28vienna%2C_khm%29_01.jpg/330px-Giovanni_d%27andrea_veronese%2C_lira_da_braccio_con_mascherone%2C_1511_%28vienna%2C_khm%29_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Giovanni_d%27andrea_veronese%2C_lira_da_braccio_con_mascherone%2C_1511_%28vienna%2C_khm%29_01.jpg/500px-Giovanni_d%27andrea_veronese%2C_lira_da_braccio_con_mascherone%2C_1511_%28vienna%2C_khm%29_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="4728" /></a><figcaption>Lira da braccio by Giovanni d'Andrea, (1511). <a href="/wiki/Kunsthistorisches_Museum" title="Kunsthistorisches Museum">Kunsthistorisches Museum</a> Vienna</figcaption></figure> <p>The rise of the <a href="/wiki/Madrigal" title="Madrigal">madrigal</a>, and its counterpart, the instrumental consort, as well as the meteoric rise of the more vocal Violin, soon toppled the Lira from its pre-eminent position at court, and by the 1530s it had been relegated to stage use, in the great Renaissance festivals held by the city states and their powerful ruling dynasties. Here it was typically found onstage associated with the presence of the god Apollo, or blended in proto-continuo offstage ensembles. </p><p>The Pesaro Manuscript, from the mid-16th century, an important document in the history of the Lira, records a Passemezzo Moderno, (contemporary dance measure) written in lira tablature. Discovered in the town of Pesaro, on the Adriatic coast, this strange, mutilated script is the sole surviving example of written music for the Lira. It suggests at least the possibility that the instrument was being used as a dance instrument by this time. Its harmonic character, and useful range of home keys would have been ideally suited to render the fashionable dance music of the day. </p><p>The Italian musicologist Disertori showed that it was possible to reconstruct highly convincing examples of the lira da braccio in its early forms, from the meticulous paintings and drawings of Leonardo da Vinci, <a href="/wiki/Raphael" title="Raphael">Raphael</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Bellini" title="Giovanni Bellini">Giovanni Bellini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vittore_Carpaccio" title="Vittore Carpaccio">Vittore Carpaccio</a> and many other artists from the late 15th/early 16th century, thus opening many exciting possibilities relating to the re-creation of late 15th century performance practice. </p><p>There are up to ten surviving examples of the later, violin-like Lira, though their authenticity is still in, somewhat acrimonious, contention.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lira_da_braccio&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lirone" title="Lirone">Lirone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vielle" title="Vielle">Vielle</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lira_da_braccio&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-pretorious-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pretorious_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pretorious_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Praetorius. Syntagma Musicum Theatrum Instrumentorum seu Sciagraphia Wolfenbüttel 1620</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Vasari" title="Giorgio Vasari">Giorgio Vasari</a>'s account of the life of <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a> in Vasari's work <i>the <a href="/wiki/Lives_of_the_Most_Excellent_Painters,_Sculptors,_and_Architects" title="Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects">Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects</a></i>, Leonardo was a talented player of the <i>lira da braccio</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Howard Mayer Brown and Sterling Scott Jones. "Lira da braccio", <i><a href="/wiki/Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians">Grove Music Online</a></i>, ed. L. Macy (accessed November 11, 2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grovemusic.com/">grovemusic.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080516041031/http://www.grovemusic.com/">Archived</a> 2008-05-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (subscription access)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPio_Stefano2012" class="citation book cs1">Pio Stefano (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180313180801/http://veniceresearch.com/"><i>Viol and Lute Makers of Venice 1490 -1630</i></a>. Venezia, Italy: Venice research. p. 441. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788890725203" title="Special:BookSources/9788890725203"><bdi>9788890725203</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.veniceresearch.com">the original</a> on 2018-03-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Viol+and+Lute+Makers+of+Venice+1490+-1630&rft.place=Venezia%2C+Italy&rft.pages=441&rft.pub=Venice+research&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9788890725203&rft.au=Pio+Stefano&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.veniceresearch.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALira+da+braccio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Giovani Maria Lanfranco (1533): <i>Sentille di Musica</i>, p.136 ff</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lira_da_braccio&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBaldassarre1999" class="citation journal cs1">Baldassarre, Antonio (1999). "Die <i>Lira da braccio</i> im humanistischen Kontext Italiens". <i>Music in Art: International Journal for Music Iconography</i>. <b>24</b> (<span class="nowrap">1–</span>2): <span class="nowrap">5–</span>28. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1522-7464">1522-7464</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Music+in+Art%3A+International+Journal+for+Music+Iconography&rft.atitle=Die+Lira+da+braccio+im+humanistischen+Kontext+Italiens&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E5-%3C%2Fspan%3E28&rft.date=1999&rft.issn=1522-7464&rft.aulast=Baldassarre&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALira+da+braccio" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh94002440">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="lira da braccio"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph122363&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007532349805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/instrument/6060f9c4-10ee-48b7-a2d8-e97f944afa70">MusicBrainz instrument</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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