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</ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Demography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shopping" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shopping"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Shopping</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shopping-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Landmarks</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Landmarks subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gravesend_Town_Pier" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gravesend_Town_Pier"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Gravesend Town Pier</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gravesend_Town_Pier-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Royal_Terrace_Pier" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_Terrace_Pier"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Royal Terrace Pier</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royal_Terrace_Pier-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gravesend_Clock_Tower,_Milton_Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gravesend_Clock_Tower,_Milton_Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Gravesend Clock Tower, Milton Road</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gravesend_Clock_Tower,_Milton_Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pocahontas_statue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pocahontas_statue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Pocahontas statue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pocahontas_statue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Windmill_Hill" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Windmill_Hill"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Windmill Hill</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Windmill_Hill-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gravesend_Power_Station" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gravesend_Power_Station"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>Gravesend Power Station</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gravesend_Power_Station-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gravesend_and_the_River_Thames" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gravesend_and_the_River_Thames"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Gravesend and the River Thames</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gravesend_and_the_River_Thames-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Gravesend and the River Thames subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gravesend_and_the_River_Thames-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Thames_and_Medway_Canal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thames_and_Medway_Canal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Thames and Medway Canal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thames_and_Medway_Canal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Roads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Roads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Buses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ferry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ferry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>Ferry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ferry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footpaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footpaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.5</span> <span>Footpaths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footpaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Religious buildings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Football" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Football"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Football</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Football-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cricket" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cricket"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.2</span> <span>Cricket</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cricket-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rugby_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rugby_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.3</span> <span>Rugby Union</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rugby_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rowing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rowing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.4</span> <span>Rowing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rowing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cycling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cycling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.5</span> <span>Cycling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cycling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Twin towns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gravesend</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF" title="قریوزند – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قریوزند" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravesend" title="Gravesend – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gravesend" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravesend_(lungsod_sa_Hiniusang_Gingharian)" title="Gravesend (lungsod sa Hiniusang Gingharian) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Gravesend (lungsod sa Hiniusang Gingharian)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravesend" title="Gravesend – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gravesend" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravesend" title="Gravesend – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gravesend" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravesend" title="Gravesend – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gravesend" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravesend" title="Gravesend – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gravesend" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravesend" title="Gravesend – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gravesend" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF" title="گریوزند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گریوزند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravesend_(Kent)" title="Gravesend (Kent) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gravesend (Kent)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravesend" title="Gravesend – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Gravesend" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravesend" title="Gravesend – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gravesend" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EB%B8%8C%EC%A0%A0%EB%93%9C" title="그레이브젠드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="그레이브젠드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravesend,_Kent" title="Gravesend, Kent – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gravesend, Kent" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravesend_(Regno_Unito)" title="Gravesend (Regno Unito) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gravesend (Regno Unito)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravesend" title="Gravesend – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Gravesend" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greivsenda" title="Greivsenda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Greivsenda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF" title="جريفزند – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جريفزند" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravesend" title="Gravesend – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gravesend" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravesend" title="Gravesend – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gravesend" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravesend" title="Gravesend – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gravesend" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravesend" title="Gravesend – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gravesend" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravesend" title="Gravesend – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gravesend" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Грейвзенд – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Грейвзенд" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Грейвзенд – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Грейвзенд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravesend" title="Gravesend – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gravesend" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%8A" title="گريوزينڊ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="گريوزينڊ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravesend" title="Gravesend – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Gravesend" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Грејвсенд – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Грејвсенд" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravesend" title="Gravesend – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gravesend" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravesend" title="Gravesend – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gravesend" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravesend" title="Gravesend – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gravesend" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Грейвзенд – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Грейвзенд" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravesend" title="Gravesend – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gravesend" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88" title="گریوسینڈ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گریوسینڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravesend" title="Gravesend – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Gravesend" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7%E5%A4%AB%E6%A3%AE%E5%BE%B7" title="格雷夫森德 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="格雷夫森德" 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id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gravesend&params=51.4415_N_0.3685_E_region:GB_type:city(58102)"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°26′29″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°22′07″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.4415°N 0.3685°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.4415; 0.3685</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Town in Kent, England</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the town in Kent, England. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Gravesend_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Gravesend (disambiguation)">Gravesend (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Town in England</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1165525471">.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-label{width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place-other-names{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place td,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}</style><table class="infobox ib-uk-place vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org nowrap">Gravesend</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="category">Town</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Junction_New_Street_%26_Windmill_Street_(geograph_1489805).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Junction_New_Street_%26_Windmill_Street_%28geograph_1489805%29.jpg/240px-Junction_New_Street_%26_Windmill_Street_%28geograph_1489805%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Junction_New_Street_%26_Windmill_Street_%28geograph_1489805%29.jpg/360px-Junction_New_Street_%26_Windmill_Street_%28geograph_1489805%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Junction_New_Street_%26_Windmill_Street_%28geograph_1489805%29.jpg/480px-Junction_New_Street_%26_Windmill_Street_%28geograph_1489805%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="458" /></a></span><div>New Road, Gravesend in 2009</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms-kent.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Arms-kent.jpg/75px-Arms-kent.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Arms-kent.jpg/113px-Arms-kent.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Arms-kent.jpg/150px-Arms-kent.jpg 2x" data-file-width="311" data-file-height="335" /></a></span><div><a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a> <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kent_UK_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gravesend is located in Kent"><img alt="Gravesend is located in Kent" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Kent_UK_location_map.svg/240px-Kent_UK_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Kent_UK_location_map.svg/360px-Kent_UK_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Kent_UK_location_map.svg/480px-Kent_UK_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:12.266%;left:24.555%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Gravesend"><img alt="Gravesend" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Gravesend</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">58,102 <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid" title="Ordnance Survey National Grid">OS grid reference</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bing.com/maps/?mkt=en-gb&v=2&cp=51.441025~0.368398&lvl=13&sp=Point.51.441025_0.368398_Gravesend&sty=s&style=s">TQ647740</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gravesham" title="Gravesham">Gravesham</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England">Shire county</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_East_England" title="South East England">South East</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow adr"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Post_town" title="Post town">Post town</a></th><td class="infobox-data">GRAVESEND</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postcodes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Postcodes in the United Kingdom">Postcode district</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/DA_postcode_area" title="DA postcode area">DA11, DA12</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom">Dialling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">01474</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies_in_the_United_Kingdom,_Crown_Dependencies_and_British_Overseas_Territories" title="List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories">Police</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kent_Police" title="Kent Police">Kent</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Fire services in the United Kingdom">Fire</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kent_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Kent Fire and Rescue Service">Kent</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Emergency_medical_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom">Ambulance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/South_East_Coast_Ambulance_Service" title="South East Coast Ambulance Service">South East Coast</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Constituencies_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom">UK Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gravesham_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Gravesham (UK Parliament constituency)">Gravesham</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">List of places</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_locations" title="List of United Kingdom locations">UK</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_England" title="List of places in England">England</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Kent" title="List of places in Kent">Kent</a></dd></dl></div> <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gravesend&params=51.4415_N_0.3685_E_region:GB_type:city(58102)"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°26′29″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°22′07″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.4415°N 0.3685°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.4415; 0.3685</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Gravesend</b> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span></span>/</a></span></span> is a <a href="/wiki/Town" title="Town">town</a> in northwest <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>, England, situated 21 miles (35 km) east-southeast of <a href="/wiki/Charing_Cross" title="Charing Cross">Charing Cross</a> (central London) on the <a href="/wiki/Bank_(geography)" title="Bank (geography)">south bank</a> of the <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a> and opposite <a href="/wiki/Tilbury" title="Tilbury">Tilbury</a> in <a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a>. Located in the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Rochester" title="Diocese of Rochester">diocese of Rochester</a>, it is the administrative centre of the borough of <a href="/wiki/Gravesham" title="Gravesham">Gravesham</a>. Gravesend marks the eastern limit of the <a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Built-up_Area" title="Greater London Built-up Area">Greater London Built-up Area</a>, as defined by the UK <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">Office for National Statistics</a>. In 2021 it had a population of 58,102. </p><p>Its geographical situation has given Gravesend strategic importance throughout the <a href="/wiki/Maritime_history" title="Maritime history">maritime</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_communication" title="History of communication">communications history</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_East_England" title="South East England">South East England</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Thames_Gateway" title="Thames Gateway">Thames Gateway</a> <a href="/wiki/Commuter_town" title="Commuter town">commuter town</a>, it retains strong links with the <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a>, not least through the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_London_Authority" title="Port of London Authority">Port of London Authority</a> Pilot Station and has witnessed rejuvenation since the advent of <a href="/wiki/High_Speed_1" title="High Speed 1">High Speed 1</a> rail services via <a href="/wiki/Gravesend_railway_station" title="Gravesend railway station">Gravesend railway station</a>. The station was recently refurbished<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (January 2024)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> and now has a new bridge. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravesend&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gravesend_Town_Hall-geograph.org-3552497.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Gravesend_Town_Hall-geograph.org-3552497.jpg/170px-Gravesend_Town_Hall-geograph.org-3552497.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Gravesend_Town_Hall-geograph.org-3552497.jpg/255px-Gravesend_Town_Hall-geograph.org-3552497.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Gravesend_Town_Hall-geograph.org-3552497.jpg/340px-Gravesend_Town_Hall-geograph.org-3552497.jpg 2x" data-file-width="969" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gravesend_Town_Hall" title="Gravesend Town Hall">Gravesend Town Hall</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Recorded as <a href="/wiki/Gravesham" title="Gravesham">Gravesham</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Domesday_Book" title="Domesday Book">Domesday Book</a> of 1086 when it belonged to <a href="/wiki/Odo,_Earl_of_Kent" class="mw-redirect" title="Odo, Earl of Kent">Odo, Earl of Kent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Bayeux" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Bayeux">Bishop of Bayeux</a>, the half-brother of <a href="/wiki/William_the_Conqueror" title="William the Conqueror">William the Conqueror</a>, its name probably derives from <i>graaf-ham</i>: the home of the <a href="/wiki/Sheriff" title="Sheriff">reeve</a> or bailiff of the <a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_manor" title="Lord of the manor">lord of the manor</a>. </p><p>Another theory suggests that the name <i>Gravesham</i> may be a corruption of the words <i>grafs-ham</i> – a place "at the end of the grove".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frank Carr<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> asserts that the name derives from the Saxon <i>Gerevesend</i>, the end of the authority of the <a href="/wiki/Portreeve" title="Portreeve">Portreeve</a> (originally <i>Portgereve</i>, chief town administrator). </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, a place called <a href="/wiki/%27s-Gravenzande" title="'s-Gravenzande">'s-Gravenzande</a> is found with its name translating into "Sand (or sandy area) belonging to the Count". The <i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s</i> is a contraction of the old Dutch genitive article <i>des</i>, and translates into plain English as <i>of the</i>. In <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn, New York">Brooklyn, New York</a>, the neighbourhood of <a href="/wiki/Gravesend,_Brooklyn" title="Gravesend, Brooklyn">Gravesend</a> is said by some to have been named for 's-Gravenzande,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though its founding by the English religious dissenter <a href="/wiki/Deborah_Moody" title="Deborah Moody">Lady Deborah Moody</a> in 1645 suggests that it may be named after Gravesend, England. Lady Deborah was originally from London and is credited with being the first woman to found a settlement in the New World. </p><p>The Domesday spelling is its earliest known historical record;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> all other spellings – in the later (c. 1100) Domesday <i>Monachorum</i> and in <i>Textus Roffensis</i> the town is <i>Gravesend</i> and <i>Gravesende</i>, respectively. The variation <i>Graveshend</i> can be seen in a court record of 1422, where <a href="/wiki/Langford,_Bedfordshire" title="Langford, Bedfordshire">Edmund de Langeford</a> was <a href="/wiki/Parson" title="Parson">parson</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and attributed to where the graves ended after the <a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Black Death</a>. The municipal title Gravesham was formally adopted in 1974 as the name for the new <a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">borough</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hiscock_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hiscock-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravesend&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Stone_Age" title="Stone Age">Stone Age</a> implements have been found in the locality since the 1900s, as has evidence of an <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a> settlement at nearby <a href="/wiki/Springhead" class="mw-redirect" title="Springhead">Springhead</a>. Extensive <a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Roman</a> remains have been found at nearby <a href="/wiki/Springhead,_Kent" title="Springhead, Kent">Vagniacae</a>; and Gravesend lies immediately to the north of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_road" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman road">Roman road</a> connecting London with the Kent coast – now called <a href="/wiki/Watling_Street" title="Watling Street">Watling Street</a>. <a href="/wiki/Domesday_Book" title="Domesday Book">Domesday Book</a> recorded <a href="/wiki/Watermill" title="Watermill">mills</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hythe" class="extiw" title="wikt:hythe">hythes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fishery" title="Fishery">fisheries</a> here.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Milton_Chantry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Milton_Chantry.jpg/220px-Milton_Chantry.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Milton_Chantry.jpg/330px-Milton_Chantry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Milton_Chantry.jpg/440px-Milton_Chantry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><b>Milton Chantry</b>, built <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1320</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Milton_Chantry" title="Milton Chantry">Milton Chantry</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is Gravesend's oldest surviving building and dates from the early 14th century. It was refounded as a <a href="/wiki/Chapel" title="Chapel">chapel</a> in 1320/21 on the original site of a former <a href="/wiki/Leper" class="mw-redirect" title="Leper">leper</a> <a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">hospital</a> founded in 1189. It is a <a href="/wiki/Grade_II*" class="mw-redirect" title="Grade II*">Grade II*</a> listed building.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gravesend has one of the oldest surviving <a href="/wiki/Marketplace" title="Marketplace">markets</a> in the <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">country</a>. Its earliest charter dates from 1268, with town status being granted to the two parishes of <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Church,_Gravesend" title="St George's Church, Gravesend">Gravesend</a> and <a href="/wiki/Milton-next-Gravesend" title="Milton-next-Gravesend">Milton</a> by <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_England" title="Henry III of England">King Henry III</a> in its Charter of Incorporation of that year. The first <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">Mayor</a> of Gravesend was elected in 1268 but the first town hall was not built until 1573. The current <a href="/wiki/Gravesend_Town_Hall" title="Gravesend Town Hall">Gravesend Town Hall</a> was completed in 1764: although it ceased to operate as a seat of government in 1968 when the new <a href="/wiki/Gravesham_Civic_Centre" title="Gravesham Civic Centre">Gravesham Civic Centre</a> was opened, it remained in use as a <a href="/wiki/Magistrates%27_court" title="Magistrates' court">magistrates' court</a> until 2000. It now operates as a venue for weddings and civil partnership ceremonies.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a>, Gravesend <a href="/wiki/Castilian_attack_on_Gravesend" title="Castilian attack on Gravesend">was raided</a> by a <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">Castilian</a> <a href="/wiki/Naval_fleet" title="Naval fleet">fleet</a> in 1380.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1401, a further <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">royal charter</a> was granted, allowing the men of the town to operate boats between <a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">London</a> and the town; these became known as the "Long Ferry". It became the preferred form of passage, because of the perils of road travel (see below). </p><p>On Gravesend's river front are the remains of a <a href="/wiki/Device_fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Device fort">device fort</a> built by command of <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII of England">King Henry VIII</a> in 1543.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Georges_Church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/St_Georges_Church.jpg/170px-St_Georges_Church.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/St_Georges_Church.jpg/255px-St_Georges_Church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/St_Georges_Church.jpg/340px-St_Georges_Church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="4608" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pocahontas" title="Pocahontas">Pocahontas</a> statue outside <br /><a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Church,_Gravesend" title="St George's Church, Gravesend">St George, Gravesend</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In March 1617, <a href="/wiki/John_Rolfe" title="John Rolfe">John Rolfe</a> and his Native American wife Rebecca (<a href="/wiki/Pocahontas" title="Pocahontas">Pocahontas</a>), with their two-year-old son, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Rolfe" title="Thomas Rolfe">Thomas</a>, boarded a ship in London bound for <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">the Commonwealth of Virginia</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the ship had only sailed as far as Gravesend before Rebecca fell ill,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and she died shortly after she was taken ashore. It is not known what caused her death.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her funeral and interment took place on 21 March 1617 at the <a href="/wiki/Parish_church" title="Parish church">parish church</a> of <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Church,_Gravesend" title="St George's Church, Gravesend">St George, Gravesend</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The site of her grave was underneath the church's <a href="/wiki/Chancel" title="Chancel">chancel</a>, though since the previous church was destroyed by fire in 1727 her exact resting place is unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thomas Rolfe survived, but was placed under the supervision of <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Stukley" title="Lewis Stukley">Sir Lewis Stukley</a> at <a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a>, before being sent to his uncle, Henry Rolfe whilst John Rolfe and his late wife's assistant <a href="/wiki/Tomocomo" title="Tomocomo">Tomocomo</a> reached America under the captaincy of <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Argall" title="Samuel Argall">Sir Samuel Argall</a>'s ship. Pocahontas (real name: Matoaka) is an important figure in both American and British history and was the inspiration for the popular <a href="/wiki/Pocahontas_(1995_film)" title="Pocahontas (1995 film)">Disney animated film of the same name</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Tavern_Fort,_Gravesend_Kent_UK.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/New_Tavern_Fort%2C_Gravesend_Kent_UK.JPG/220px-New_Tavern_Fort%2C_Gravesend_Kent_UK.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/New_Tavern_Fort%2C_Gravesend_Kent_UK.JPG/330px-New_Tavern_Fort%2C_Gravesend_Kent_UK.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/New_Tavern_Fort%2C_Gravesend_Kent_UK.JPG/440px-New_Tavern_Fort%2C_Gravesend_Kent_UK.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Interior of New Tavern Fort</figcaption></figure> <p>At <b>Fort Gardens</b><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the <i>New Tavern Fort</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> built during the 1780s and extensively rebuilt by <a href="/wiki/Charles_George_Gordon" title="Charles George Gordon">Major-General Charles Gordon</a> between 1865 and 1879; it is now the <a href="/wiki/Milton_Chantry" title="Milton Chantry">Chantry Heritage Centre</a>, under the care of <a href="/wiki/English_local_history" title="English local history">Gravesend Local History Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fort is a <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_monument" title="Scheduled monument">Scheduled monument</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Journeys by road to Gravesend were historically quite hazardous, since the main <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Kent" title="Transport in Kent">London-Dover road</a> crossed <a href="/wiki/Blackheath,_London" title="Blackheath, London">Blackheath</a>, notorious for its <a href="/wiki/Highwaymen" class="mw-redirect" title="Highwaymen">highwaymen</a>. <a href="/wiki/Stagecoach" title="Stagecoach">Stagecoaches</a> from London to <a href="/wiki/Canterbury" title="Canterbury">Canterbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dover" title="Dover">Dover</a> and <a href="/wiki/Faversham" title="Faversham">Faversham</a> used Gravesend as one of their "stages" as did those coming north from <a href="/wiki/Tonbridge" title="Tonbridge">Tonbridge</a>. In 1840 there were 17 coaches picking up and setting down passengers and changing horses each way per day. There were two coaching inns on what is now Old Road East: <i>the Prince of Orange</i> and <i>the Lord Nelson</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Post_coach" class="mw-redirect" title="Post coach">Post coaches</a> had been plying the route for at least two centuries: <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Pepys" title="Samuel Pepys">Samuel Pepys</a> records having stopped off at Gravesend in 1650 en route to the Royal Dockyards at Chatham.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A permanent military presence was established in the town when <a href="/wiki/Milton_Barracks" title="Milton Barracks">Milton Barracks</a> opened in 1862.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although much of the town's economy continued to be connected with maritime trade, since the 19th century other major employers have been the cement and paper industries.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gravesendmap_1946.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Gravesendmap_1946.jpg/220px-Gravesendmap_1946.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Gravesendmap_1946.jpg/330px-Gravesendmap_1946.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Gravesendmap_1946.jpg/440px-Gravesendmap_1946.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2669" data-file-height="1625" /></a><figcaption>A map of Gravesend, from 1946</figcaption></figure> <p>From 1932 to 1956, an <a href="/wiki/Airport" title="Airport">airport</a> was located to the east of the town. On Sunday 5 February 1939, <a href="/wiki/Alex_Henshaw" title="Alex Henshaw">Alex Henshaw</a> commenced his record-breaking flight to <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a> and back from here. He completed the flight in 39 hours 36 minutes over the next four days; his record still stands. Originally a civilian <a href="/wiki/Airfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Airfield">airfield</a>, during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> it became a fighter station, <a href="/wiki/RAF_Gravesend" class="mw-redirect" title="RAF Gravesend">RAF Gravesend</a>, and so Gravesend was heavily bombed by the <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a>. In 1956 the site was taken over by Gravesend Borough Council; a large housing estate, known as Riverview Park, was built on its site.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravesend&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gravesend is part of and is the principal town of the Borough of Gravesham.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The borough was formed on 1 April 1974, under the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1972" title="Local Government Act 1972">Local Government Act 1972</a>, by the merger of the <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Borough_of_Gravesend" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal Borough of Gravesend">Municipal Borough of Gravesend</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northfleet#Governance" title="Northfleet">Northfleet Urban District</a> along with several parishes from Strood Rural District. Gravesend was incorporated as a Municipal Borough in 1835 under the <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Corporations_Act_1835" title="Municipal Corporations Act 1835">Municipal Corporations Act 1835</a> and Northfleet was constituted an Urban District in 1894 under the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1894" title="Local Government Act 1894">Local Government Act 1894</a>: Gravesend absorbed Milton (1914), Denton, Chalk and part of Northfleet, including Claphall, Singlewell and King's Farm (1935). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravesend&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gravesend is located at a point where the higher land – the lowest point of the <a href="/wiki/Dip_slope" title="Dip slope">dip slope</a> of the <a href="/wiki/North_Downs" title="North Downs">North Downs</a> – reaches the Thames. To the east are the low-lying Shorne Marshes; to the west, beyond <a href="/wiki/Northfleet" title="Northfleet">Northfleet</a> and the Swanscombe Marshes. The settlement was thus established as it was a good <a href="/wiki/Port" title="Port">landing place</a>: it was also sheltered by the prominent height of what is now called <a href="/wiki/Windmill_Hill,_Kent" title="Windmill Hill, Kent">Windmill Hill</a> (see <b>Landmarks</b> below); although Windmill Hill still remains a dominant feature, Gravesend's highest point is actually further inland at Marling Cross, adjacent to the <a href="/wiki/A2_road_(Great_Britain)" class="mw-redirect" title="A2 road (Great Britain)">A2</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From its origins as a landing place and <a href="/wiki/Port" title="Port">shipping port</a>, Gravesend gradually extended southwards and eastwards. Better-off people from London visited the town during the summer months; at first by boat, and then by railway. More extensive building began after <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>; this increased after World War II, when many of the housing estates in the locality were built.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gravesend's built-up areas comprise <i>Painters Ash</i>, adjacent to the A2; <i>King's Farm</i> (most of King's Farm estate was built in the 1920s); and <i>Christianfields</i>. The latter housing estate has been completely rebuilt over a 6-year project from 2007 to 2013. There is also the aforementioned Riverview Park estate built on the old RAF field in the south-east, in the 1960s, and Singlewell, which is adjacent to the A2 in the South </p><p>Part of the southern built-up area of the town was originally two separate rural parishes: <i>viz</i>, <a href="/wiki/Cobham,_Kent" title="Cobham, Kent">Cobham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northfleet" title="Northfleet">Northfleet</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravesend&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gravesend has an <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a> similar to much of southern England, being accorded <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Classification" class="mw-redirect" title="Köppen Climate Classification">Köppen Climate Classification-subtype</a> of "<a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">Cfb</a>" (Marine West Coast Climate).<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 10 August 2003, Gravesend recorded one of the highest temperatures since records began in the United Kingdom, with a reading of 38.1 °C (100.6 °F),<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> only beaten by <a href="/wiki/Brogdale" title="Brogdale">Brogdale</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Faversham" title="Faversham">Faversham</a>, 26 miles (42 km) to the ESE.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MORecord_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MORecord-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gravesend, which has a <a href="/wiki/Met_Office" title="Met Office">Met Office</a> site,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reports its data each hour. </p><p>Being inland and yet relatively close to <a href="/wiki/Continental_Europe" title="Continental Europe">continental Europe</a>, Gravesend enjoys a somewhat more continental climate than the coastal areas of Kent, Essex and East Anglia and also compared to western parts of Britain. It is therefore less cloudy, drier, and less prone to Atlantic <a href="/wiki/Low-pressure_area" title="Low-pressure area">depressions</a> with their associated wind and rain than western parts, as well as being hotter in summer and colder in winter. </p><p>Thus Gravesend continues to record higher temperatures in <a href="/wiki/Summer" title="Summer">summer</a>, sometimes being the hottest place in the country, <i>e.g.</i> on the warmest day of 2011, when temperatures reached 33.1 °C.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, the town holds at least two records for the year 2010, of 30.9 °C<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 31.7 °C.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another record was set during England's Indian summer of 2011 with 29.9 °C., the highest temperature ever recorded in the UK for October. In 2016 the warmest day of the year occurred very late on 13 September with a very high temperature of 34.4C </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Stanford-le-Hope (nearest climate station to Gravesend) 1981–2010 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2<br />(61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4<br />(68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1<br />(73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7<br />(81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.3<br />(88.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.7<br />(94.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.0<br />(96.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1700; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.1<br />(100.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.4<br />(93.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.9<br />(85.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.1<br />(62.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1700; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">38.1<br />(100.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9<br />(46.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0<br />(46.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9<br />(51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.2<br />(55.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8<br />(62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9<br />(67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1<br />(71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2<br />(72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2<br />(59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8<br />(51.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1<br />(46.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2<br />(36.0) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6<br />(34.9) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3<br />(37.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7<br />(40.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5<br />(45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5<br />(50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5<br />(54.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3<br />(50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4<br />(45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4<br />(39.9) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4<br />(36.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFE0; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.7<br />(44.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.8<br />(7.2) </td> <td style="background: #9F9FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.2<br />(8.2) </td> <td style="background: #B7B7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.7<br />(16.3) </td> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.2<br />(26.2) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8<br />(33.4) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1<br />(35.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2<br />(41.4) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8<br />(38.8) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1<br />(35.8) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.0<br />(26.6) </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.6<br />(20.1) </td> <td style="background: #ACACFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.7<br />(12.7) </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−13.8<br />(7.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #B7B7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.9<br />(1.89) </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.7<br />(1.44) </td> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.6<br />(1.48) </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.9<br />(1.61) </td> <td style="background: #B7B7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.0<br />(1.89) </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.1<br />(1.62) </td> <td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.5<br />(2.07) </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.8<br />(1.76) </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.5<br />(1.79) </td> <td style="background: #9E9EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.9<br />(2.56) </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.8<br />(2.28) </td> <td style="background: #AEAEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.8<br />(2.12) </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">571.5<br />(22.51) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #6D6D6D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">60.0 </td> <td style="background: #9B9B9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.7 </td> <td style="background: #B3B372; color:#000000;" class="notheme">113.4 </td> <td style="background: #CBCB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">161.5 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">194.3 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">198.7 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">208.7 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">195.5 </td> <td style="background: #C6C600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">151.1 </td> <td style="background: #B5B565; color:#000000;" class="notheme">117.9 </td> <td style="background: #8B8B8B; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74.0 </td> <td style="background: #585858; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">48.6 </td> <td style="background: #BDBD34; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,601.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Met_Office" title="Met Office">Met Office</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravesend&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Demography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 1990 the economy of Gravesham has changed from one based on heavy industry to being <a href="/wiki/Service_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Service industry">service-based</a>. The borough's estimated population in 2012 was 101,700: a 6,000 increase in less than a decade. It has a high population density (almost 10 people per hectare) compared to nationally; it has a relatively young population (40% of the population are below 30); and 60% of the population are of working age. </p><p>Based upon figures from the 2021 census, the second largest religious group in the borough are <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikhs</a> who at that time made up 8% of the population. However, if the term belief is used, <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a> are most numerous at more than (49%), non-religious (32.1%) and third <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikhs</a> (8%).<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shopping">Shopping</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravesend&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Shopping"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gravesend_High_Street_-_geograph.org.uk_-_931446.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Gravesend_High_Street_-_geograph.org.uk_-_931446.jpg/220px-Gravesend_High_Street_-_geograph.org.uk_-_931446.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Gravesend_High_Street_-_geograph.org.uk_-_931446.jpg/330px-Gravesend_High_Street_-_geograph.org.uk_-_931446.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Gravesend_High_Street_-_geograph.org.uk_-_931446.jpg/440px-Gravesend_High_Street_-_geograph.org.uk_-_931446.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>High Street, Gravesend in 2008</figcaption></figure> <p>Gravesend today is a commercial and commuter town, providing a local shopping district, including the St Georges shopping complex, the Thamesgate shopping centre and a regular <a href="/wiki/Farmers%27_market" title="Farmers' market">farmers' market</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also used to have a Debenhams and Wilko, but they closed down.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gravesend market hall, in the heart of the town, was first chartered in 1268.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landmarks">Landmarks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravesend&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Landmarks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gravesend_Town_Pier">Gravesend Town Pier</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravesend&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Gravesend Town Pier"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gravesend_town_pier" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravesend town pier">Gravesend town pier</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Town_Pier_Gravesend.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Town_Pier_Gravesend.JPG/220px-Town_Pier_Gravesend.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Town_Pier_Gravesend.JPG/330px-Town_Pier_Gravesend.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Town_Pier_Gravesend.JPG/440px-Town_Pier_Gravesend.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Town Pier Gravesend</figcaption></figure> <p>Gravesend has the world's oldest surviving <a href="/wiki/Cast_iron" title="Cast iron">cast iron</a> <a href="/wiki/Pier" title="Pier">pier</a>, built in 1834.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a unique structure having the first known iron cylinders used in its construction. The pier was completely refurbished in 2004 and now features a bar and restaurant;<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with public access to the pier head when the premises are open.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A recent £2 million investment in a pontoon is now in place at the pier head onto the Thames, which provides for small and medium-sized craft to land at Gravesend. On 17 September 2012, the <a href="/wiki/Gravesend%E2%80%93Tilbury_Ferry" title="Gravesend–Tilbury Ferry">Gravesend–Tilbury Ferry</a>, relocated to the Town Pier, from its previous terminal in nearby West Street. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Royal_Terrace_Pier">Royal Terrace Pier</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravesend&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Royal Terrace Pier"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Terrace_Pier" title="Royal Terrace Pier">Royal Terrace Pier</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Another_view_of_Royal_Terrace_Pier_and_London_River_House_Gravesend.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Another_view_of_Royal_Terrace_Pier_and_London_River_House_Gravesend.JPG/220px-Another_view_of_Royal_Terrace_Pier_and_London_River_House_Gravesend.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Another_view_of_Royal_Terrace_Pier_and_London_River_House_Gravesend.JPG/330px-Another_view_of_Royal_Terrace_Pier_and_London_River_House_Gravesend.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Another_view_of_Royal_Terrace_Pier_and_London_River_House_Gravesend.JPG/440px-Another_view_of_Royal_Terrace_Pier_and_London_River_House_Gravesend.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>A view of Royal Terrace Pier and London River House Gravesend</figcaption></figure> <p>Built in 1844, the initial construction was funded by the Gravesend Freehold Investment Company, at a cost of £9,200. It was where <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_of_Denmark" title="Alexandra of Denmark">Princess Alexandra of Denmark</a> arrived on her way to marry <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward, Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII)</a> in March 1865,<sup id="cite_ref-Listed_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Listed-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/River_pilot" class="mw-redirect" title="River pilot">River pilots</a> have been based here since the late 19th century. </p><p>Today, Royal Terrace Pier is in constant 24-hour use, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_London_Authority" title="Port of London Authority">Port of London Authority</a> main operations centre and <a href="/wiki/Gravesend_Lifeboat_Station" title="Gravesend Lifeboat Station">Gravesend RNLI Lifeboat Station</a>, one of four lifeboat stations situated on the River Thames;<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> thus, its public access is available only occasionally during the year. It is T-shaped, with a <a href="/wiki/Pontoon_(boat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontoon (boat)">pontoon</a> at its pier head. Like the <b>Town Pier</b>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Terrace_Pier" title="Royal Terrace Pier">Royal Terrace Pier</a> is also a <a href="/wiki/Grade_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Grade II">Grade II</a> listed structure.<sup id="cite_ref-Listed_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Listed-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gravesend_Clock_Tower,_Milton_Road"><span id="Gravesend_Clock_Tower.2C_Milton_Road"></span>Gravesend Clock Tower, Milton Road</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravesend&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Gravesend Clock Tower, Milton Road"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clocktower_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Clocktower_02.jpg/220px-Clocktower_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Clocktower_02.jpg/330px-Clocktower_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Clocktower_02.jpg/440px-Clocktower_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The Clock Tower located at the top of Harmer Street, Gravesend, Kent</figcaption></figure> <p>Situated at the junction of Milton Road and Harmer Street, its foundation stone was laid on 6 September 1887. The memorial stone records that the <a href="/wiki/Clock_tower" title="Clock tower">clock tower</a> was erected by public subscription (£700 was raised toward its construction) and dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria of the United Kingdom">Queen Victoria</a>, to commemorate the 50th year of her reign.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Built of Portland and Dumfries stone and backed by London stock brick, the design of the structure is based on the design of the <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth Tower">Elizabeth Tower</a> in the Palace of Westminster, which houses <a href="/wiki/Clock_Tower,_Palace_of_Westminster" class="mw-redirect" title="Clock Tower, Palace of Westminster">Big Ben</a>. The centre of the clock itself is measured at 50 feet (15 m) above ground and the face measures 5 ft 6 in (1.68 m) in diameter. The tower is Grade II <a href="/wiki/Listed_building" title="Listed building">listed</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pocahontas_statue">Pocahontas statue</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravesend&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Pocahontas statue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pocahontas_gravesend.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Pocahontas_gravesend.jpg/170px-Pocahontas_gravesend.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Pocahontas_gravesend.jpg/255px-Pocahontas_gravesend.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Pocahontas_gravesend.jpg/340px-Pocahontas_gravesend.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Statue of Pocahontas by <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Church,_Gravesend" title="St George's Church, Gravesend">St George's Church, Gravesend</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a></figcaption></figure> <p>An American sculptor, <a href="/wiki/William_Ordway_Partridge" title="William Ordway Partridge">William Ordway Partridge</a>, created a life-size statue of the 17th-century <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American princess</a> <a href="/wiki/Pocahontas" title="Pocahontas">Pocahontas</a>, which was unveiled at <a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Virginia" title="Jamestown, Virginia">Jamestown, Virginia</a> in 1922. <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a> viewed this statue in 1957 and again on 4 May 2007, while visiting Jamestown on the 400th anniversary of foundation, it being the first successful <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">English colonial settlement</a> in America. </p><p>On 5 October 1958, an exact replica of Partridge's statue was dedicated as a memorial to Pocahontas at <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Church,_Gravesend" title="St George's Church, Gravesend">St George's Parish Church</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Virginia" title="Governor of Virginia">Governor of Virginia</a> presented the statue as a gift to the British people in 1958, a gesture prompted by The Queen's visit to <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United States of America">the USA</a> in the previous year. </p><p>In 2017, US Ambassador <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Barzun" title="Matthew Barzun">Matthew Barzun</a> visited the statue to mark the 400th anniversary of the death and burial of Pocahontas in Gravesend. The Ambassador laid a floral tribute of 21 roses at its base, symbolising each year of Pocahontas' life.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Windmill_Hill">Windmill Hill</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravesend&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Windmill Hill"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Windmill_Hill,_Kent" title="Windmill Hill, Kent">Windmill Hill, Kent</a></div> <p>Windmill Hill, named after its former windmills, offers extensive views across the <a href="/wiki/Thames" class="mw-redirect" title="Thames">Thames</a> and was a popular spot for Victorian visitors to the town because of the <a href="/wiki/Camera_obscura" title="Camera obscura">camera obscura</a> installed at the <i>Old Mill</i> and for its tea gardens and other amusements. </p><p>The hill was the site of a <a href="/wiki/Beacon" title="Beacon">beacon</a> in 1377, which was instituted by <a href="/wiki/Richard_II_of_England" title="Richard II of England">King Richard II</a>, and still in use 200 years later at the time of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armada" title="Spanish Armada">Spanish Armada</a>, although the hill was then known as "Rouge Hill". A modern beacon was erected and lit in 1988, the 400th anniversary of the Armada. </p><p>It was during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I of England">Queen Elizabeth I</a> that the first <a href="/wiki/Windmill" title="Windmill">windmill</a> was placed at the highest point in Gravesend, 179 ft (55 m) overlooking the high-water mark of the river. One mill burnt down in 1763 but was replaced the following year and that too demolished in 1894. The last surviving windmill is reported as having been destroyed by fire during <a href="/wiki/Mafeking,_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mafeking, South Africa">Mafeking Night</a> celebrations in 1900. </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> an Imperial German Navy airship passed over Windmill Hill, dropping bombs on it; today there are three markers indicating where these bombs struck. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gravesend_Power_Station">Gravesend Power Station</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravesend&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Gravesend Power Station"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Gravesend_power_station" title="Gravesend power station">Gravesend power station</a> (TQ 6575 7413) was built by the Gravesend Corporation in 1902–03 to supply local demand for electricity. It was built on the south side of the basin at the west end of the <a href="/wiki/Thames_and_Medway_Canal" title="Thames and Medway Canal">Thames and Medway canal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The buildings were demolished in 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gravesend_and_the_River_Thames">Gravesend and the River Thames</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravesend&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Gravesend and the River Thames"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GravesendThames3443.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/GravesendThames3443.JPG/220px-GravesendThames3443.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/GravesendThames3443.JPG/330px-GravesendThames3443.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/GravesendThames3443.JPG/440px-GravesendThames3443.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption>MV <i>Armia Krajowa</i>, a Panamax vessel, being docked by Gravesend <a href="/wiki/Tugboat" title="Tugboat">tugboats</a> to discharge coal at Tilbury</figcaption></figure> <p>The Thames has long been an important feature in Gravesend life, and may well have been the deciding factor for the first settlement there. One of the town's first distinctions was in being given the sole right to transport passengers to and from London by water in the late 14th century. The "Tilt Boat" was a familiar sight as it sailed along the Thames, the passengers protected from the weather by a canvas tilt (awning). The first steamboat plied its trade between Gravesend and London in the early 19th century, bringing with it a steadily increasing number of visitors to the Terrace Pier Gardens, Windmill Hill, Springhead Gardens and <a href="/wiki/Rosherville_Gardens" title="Rosherville Gardens">Rosherville Gardens</a>. Gravesend soon became one of the first English <a href="/wiki/Resort_town" title="Resort town">resort towns</a> and thrived from an early <a href="/wiki/Tourist" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourist">tourist</a> trade. </p><p>Gravesend "watermen" were often in a family trade; and the town is the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_London_Authority" title="Port of London Authority">Port of London Authority</a> <a href="/wiki/Port_of_London" title="Port of London">Control Centre</a> (formerly known as <i>Thames Navigation Service</i>), has its <a href="/wiki/Headquarters" title="Headquarters">headquarters</a> at Gravesend, providing <a href="/wiki/Maritime_pilot" title="Maritime pilot">maritime pilots</a> who play an important role in navigation on the River Thames.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A dinghy at an unmodernised Gravesend was the backdrop to the 1952 thriller <i><a href="/wiki/The_Long_Memory" title="The Long Memory">The Long Memory</a></i> starring <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Mills" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir John Mills">Sir John Mills</a>. In the film, Mills plays a character living in poverty on a derelict fishing boat stranded in the mud flats. </p><p>Gravesend also has one of England's oldest regattas retained from its strong maritime links with the Thames. Although the origins of the regatta are unknown it dates back at least to <a href="/wiki/Tudor_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Tudor era">Tudor times</a>. The races are traditionally competed by Gravesend <a href="/wiki/Skiffs" class="mw-redirect" title="Skiffs">skiffs</a>, 21-foot-long (6.4 m) <a href="/wiki/Oak#Uses" title="Oak">oaken</a> round-bottomed, <a href="/wiki/Clinker-built" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinker-built">clinker-built</a> boats. </p><p>The <i>Thames Navigation Service</i> was first thought up between 1950 and 1952 by Cdr <a href="/wiki/Peter_de_Neumann" title="Peter de Neumann">Peter de Neumann</a>, while he was captain of <a href="/wiki/HM_Revenue_and_Customs" title="HM Revenue and Customs">HMRC</a> cutter <i>Vigilant</i> based at <b>Gravesend Reach</b>. This idea followed on from considering such incidents as the accidental ramming of HMS <i>Truculent</i> by the <i>Divina</i> in 1950, the collision with the <i>Nore Forts</i> by <i>Baalbek</i>, and the disastrous flooding of <a href="/wiki/Canvey" class="mw-redirect" title="Canvey">Canvey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foulness" class="mw-redirect" title="Foulness">Foulness</a> and the East Coast in 1953. In these and other situations, rescue and intelligence gathering were severely hampered by a lack of centralised command and control, and lack of a detailed "picture". De Neumann resigned his command after returning <i>Vigilant</i> from the Spithead Review and joined the PLA, immediately suggesting, in a report to them submitted in 1953, that a feasibility study of such a system be carried out. He then oversaw its development and ultimate installation at Gravesend. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Andrew%27s_Art_Centre_%26_Gallery_at_Bawley_Bay,_Gravesend.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/St_Andrew%27s_Art_Centre_%26_Gallery_at_Bawley_Bay%2C_Gravesend.JPG/220px-St_Andrew%27s_Art_Centre_%26_Gallery_at_Bawley_Bay%2C_Gravesend.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/St_Andrew%27s_Art_Centre_%26_Gallery_at_Bawley_Bay%2C_Gravesend.JPG/330px-St_Andrew%27s_Art_Centre_%26_Gallery_at_Bawley_Bay%2C_Gravesend.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/St_Andrew%27s_Art_Centre_%26_Gallery_at_Bawley_Bay%2C_Gravesend.JPG/440px-St_Andrew%27s_Art_Centre_%26_Gallery_at_Bawley_Bay%2C_Gravesend.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>St Andrew's Art Centre & Gallery, sits between Bawley Bay and Anchor Cove, both being the embarkation points for British colonists sailing to New Zealand and Australia, in the early 19th century.</figcaption></figure> <p>Until the building of <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Tilbury" title="Port of Tilbury">Tilbury Docks</a>, on the opposite side of the river, between 1882 and 1886, Gravesend was the Thames's first port of entry. Thousands of emigrants, as well as large numbers of troops, embarked from here. <a href="/wiki/Tilbury_Docks" class="mw-redirect" title="Tilbury Docks">Tilbury Docks</a> have expanded considerably since, with the closure of all the <a href="/wiki/London_Docks" title="London Docks">London Docks</a>. The entrance to the Docks is somewhat awkward, situated as it is on the sharp bend of the river, and boats often need <a href="/wiki/Tugboat" title="Tugboat">tugboat</a> assistance, as do the larger ships moored at Tilbury landing stages. There have been many tug companies based at Gravesend: among them the <i>Sun Company</i>, the <i>Alexandra Towing Company</i> and, today, the <i>Smith Howard Towing Company</i>. <a href="/wiki/East_Indiamen" class="mw-redirect" title="East Indiamen">East Indiamen</a> traditionally stopped here at a point known as <b>Long Reach</b> to lighten their loads before sailing up the <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">Thames</a> to moorings at <a href="/wiki/Blackwall,_London" title="Blackwall, London">Blackwall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For some years after, war steamer excursions were run on the <a href="/wiki/MV_Royal_Daffodil_(1939)" title="MV Royal Daffodil (1939)">MV <i>Royal Daffodil</i></a> down the Thames from Gravesend to France, but they ceased in 1966. Cruises are now operated by the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Thames_and_Medway_Passenger_Boat_Company" title="Lower Thames and Medway Passenger Boat Company">Lower Thames and Medway Passenger Boat Company</a> up the river to <a href="/wiki/Greenwich" title="Greenwich">Greenwich</a>. The cross-river passenger ferry to <a href="/wiki/Tilbury" title="Tilbury">Tilbury</a> provides a long-established route to and from Essex. Before the <a href="/wiki/Dartford_Crossing" title="Dartford Crossing">Dartford Crossing</a> came into being, there was a vehicle ferry at Gravesend as well. </p><p>There is a <a href="/wiki/Gravesend_Lifeboat_Station" title="Gravesend Lifeboat Station">RNLI lifeboat station</a>, based at <b>Royal Terrace Pier</b>, which is one of the busiest in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-RNLINews_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNLINews-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thames_and_Medway_Canal">Thames and Medway Canal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravesend&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Thames and Medway Canal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Thames_and_Medway_Canal" title="Thames and Medway Canal">Thames and Medway Canal</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GravesendCanalBasin3456.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/GravesendCanalBasin3456.JPG/220px-GravesendCanalBasin3456.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/GravesendCanalBasin3456.JPG/330px-GravesendCanalBasin3456.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/GravesendCanalBasin3456.JPG/440px-GravesendCanalBasin3456.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption>Gravesend Canal Basin</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Thames_and_Medway_Canal" title="Thames and Medway Canal">Thames and Medway Canal</a> was opened for barge traffic in 1824. It ran from Gravesend on the Thames to <a href="/wiki/Frindsbury" title="Frindsbury">Frindsbury</a> near <a href="/wiki/Strood" title="Strood">Strood</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Medway" title="Medway">Medway</a>. Although seven miles long, it had only two locks, each 94 ft (29 m) by 22 ft (6.7 m) in size, one at each end. Its most notable feature was the tunnel near Strood, which was 3,946 yd (3,608 m) long, the second longest canal tunnel ever built in the UK. The great cost of the tunnel meant that the <a href="/wiki/Canal" title="Canal">canal</a> was not a commercial success. </p><p>After only 20 years, most of the canal was closed and the canal's tunnel was converted to railway use. Initially, canal and railway shared the tunnel, with the single track built on timber supports, but by 1847, canal use was abandoned and a double track laid. Today Gravesend Canal Basin is used for the mooring of <a href="/wiki/Pleasure_craft" class="mw-redirect" title="Pleasure craft">pleasure craft</a>. Gravesend Sailing Club, which was founded so that working men could participate in the sport while still having to earn a living is based here. The lock has been dredged, and restoration and strengthening work has been carried out on the basin walls as part of the regeneration of the area. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravesend&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roads">Roads</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravesend&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Roads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main roads through the town are the west–east <a href="/wiki/A226_road" title="A226 road">A226 road</a> from <a href="/wiki/Dartford" title="Dartford">Dartford</a> and beyond to <a href="/wiki/Rochester,_Kent" title="Rochester, Kent">Rochester</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/A227_road" class="mw-redirect" title="A227 road">A227 road</a> to <a href="/wiki/Tonbridge" title="Tonbridge">Tonbridge</a>. The <a href="/wiki/A2_road_(Great_Britain)" class="mw-redirect" title="A2 road (Great Britain)">A2 road</a> passes two miles (3 km) south of Gravesend town centre; a mile stretch of it was rerouted in the early 2000s to take the traffic away from the south end of the town.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 26 March 2006 the first of the area's new <a href="/wiki/Fastrack_(bus)" title="Fastrack (bus)">Fastrack</a> bus services, which use a combination of ordinary roads and dedicated 'bus tracks', opened. The service links to <a href="/wiki/Ebbsfleet_International_railway_station" title="Ebbsfleet International railway station">Ebbsfleet International railway station</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greenhithe,_Kent" title="Greenhithe, Kent">Greenhithe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bluewater_(shopping_centre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bluewater (shopping centre)">Bluewater Shopping Centre</a> and Dartford. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravesend&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Gravesend_railway_station" title="Gravesend railway station">Gravesend railway station</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gravesend_West_Line" title="Gravesend West Line">Gravesend West Line</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gravesend_Railway_Station_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Gravesend_Railway_Station_2.jpg/220px-Gravesend_Railway_Station_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Gravesend_Railway_Station_2.jpg/330px-Gravesend_Railway_Station_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Gravesend_Railway_Station_2.jpg/440px-Gravesend_Railway_Station_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="716" data-file-height="536" /></a><figcaption>Gravesend's Victorian railway station modernised for HS1 in 2014</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Gravesend_railway_station" title="Gravesend railway station">Gravesend railway station</a> lies on the <a href="/wiki/North_Kent_Line" title="North Kent Line">North Kent Line</a>, and was opened in 1849. The <a href="/wiki/Gravesend_West_Line" title="Gravesend West Line">Gravesend West Line</a>, terminating by the river and for some time operating as a <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">continental</a> ferry connection, closed in 1968. </p><p>Gravesend is the primary <a href="/wiki/North_West_Kent" class="mw-redirect" title="North West Kent">north Kent</a> interchange for high speed and metro rail services. In December 2009, the full high-speed timetable between London and Kent came into force and passenger usage from Gravesend has exceeded expectations. High-speed services from <a href="/wiki/St_Pancras_railway_station" title="St Pancras railway station">London St Pancras</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stratford_International_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Stratford International railway station">Stratford International</a>, are offered via Gravesend to the <a href="/wiki/Medway" title="Medway">Medway</a> towns, <a href="/wiki/Sittingbourne" title="Sittingbourne">Sittingbourne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Faversham" title="Faversham">Faversham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Margate" title="Margate">Margate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broadstairs" title="Broadstairs">Broadstairs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ramsgate" title="Ramsgate">Ramsgate</a>. Some of these services continue to <a href="/wiki/Ashford_International_railway_station" title="Ashford International railway station">Ashford International</a> via <a href="/wiki/Sandwich_railway_station" title="Sandwich railway station">Sandwich</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dover_Priory_railway_station" title="Dover Priory railway station">Dover Priory</a>. </p><p>There are also metro services to <a href="/wiki/Charing_Cross_railway_station" title="Charing Cross railway station">London Charing Cross</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waterloo_East_railway_station" title="Waterloo East railway station">London Waterloo East</a> and <a href="/wiki/London_Bridge_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="London Bridge railway station">London Bridge</a> via <a href="/wiki/Sidcup_railway_station" title="Sidcup railway station">Sidcup</a>, via <a href="/wiki/Woolwich_Arsenal_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Woolwich Arsenal railway station">Woolwich Arsenal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lewisham_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewisham railway station">Lewisham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bexleyheath_railway_station" title="Bexleyheath railway station">Bexleyheath</a>, and to <a href="/wiki/Gillingham_(Kent)_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Gillingham (Kent) railway station">Gillingham</a>. </p><p>Unusually Gravesend features a Platform 0, one of the few in the country, it is used for terminating services from <a href="/wiki/Cannon_Street_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannon Street railway station">London Cannon Street</a> or London Charing Cross via Sidcup. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buses">Buses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravesend&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Buses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gravesend is served by several <a href="/wiki/Arriva_Kent_Thameside" title="Arriva Kent Thameside">Arriva Kent Thameside</a> bus services connecting the town with other areas in <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a> including <a href="/wiki/Dartford" title="Dartford">Dartford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bluewater_(shopping_centre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bluewater (shopping centre)">Bluewater</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sevenoaks" title="Sevenoaks">Sevenoaks</a> and to the <a href="/wiki/Medway_Towns" class="mw-redirect" title="Medway Towns">Medway Towns</a>.<br /> Gravesend is also served by <a href="/wiki/Fastrack_(bus)" title="Fastrack (bus)">Fastrack</a> bus services connecting the town with Bluewater, <a href="/wiki/Darent_Valley_Hospital" title="Darent Valley Hospital">Darent Valley Hospital</a> and Dartford. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ferry">Ferry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravesend&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Ferry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GravesendThames3401.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/GravesendThames3401.JPG/220px-GravesendThames3401.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/GravesendThames3401.JPG/330px-GravesendThames3401.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/GravesendThames3401.JPG/440px-GravesendThames3401.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption>The ferry from Tilbury coming alongside at Gravesend</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gravesend%E2%80%93Tilbury_Ferry" title="Gravesend–Tilbury Ferry">Gravesend–Tilbury Ferry</a></div> <p>Passenger ferry services to <a href="/wiki/Tilbury" title="Tilbury">Tilbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a>, operated daily (except Sundays), from <a href="/wiki/Gravesend_town_pier" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravesend town pier">Gravesend Town Pier</a> until 31 March 2024. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footpaths">Footpaths</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravesend&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Footpaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Saxon_Shore_Way" title="Saxon Shore Way">Saxon Shore Way</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Long_distance_footpath" class="mw-redirect" title="Long distance footpath">long distance footpath</a>, starts at Gravesend and traces the coast as in <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman times</a> as far as <a href="/wiki/Hastings" title="Hastings">Hastings</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Sussex" title="East Sussex">East Sussex</a>; 163 miles (262 km) in total. The <a href="/wiki/Wealdway" title="Wealdway">Wealdway</a> also starts at the Town Pier, and continues almost due south over the <a href="/wiki/Weald" title="Weald">Weald</a> to <a href="/wiki/Eastbourne" title="Eastbourne">Eastbourne</a> in East Sussex where it links with <a href="/wiki/South_Downs_Way" title="South Downs Way">South Downs Way</a>, a distance of 80 miles (128 km). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_buildings">Religious buildings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravesend&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Religious buildings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The town's principal Anglican place of worship is the Church of St George, Gravesend. This <a href="/wiki/Georgian_architecture" title="Georgian architecture">Georgian building</a> is a tourist attraction because of its association with Princess Pocahontas, as well as being the <a href="/wiki/Parish_church" title="Parish church">parish church</a>. Gravesend has three other <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> parishes and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Reformed" class="mw-redirect" title="United Reformed">United Reformed</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a> churches as well as other smaller chapels. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gravesend_Sikh_Temple_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1943692.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Gravesend_Sikh_Temple_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1943692.jpg/220px-Gravesend_Sikh_Temple_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1943692.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Gravesend_Sikh_Temple_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1943692.jpg/330px-Gravesend_Sikh_Temple_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1943692.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Gravesend_Sikh_Temple_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1943692.jpg/440px-Gravesend_Sikh_Temple_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1943692.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Guru Nanak Darbar Gurdwara, Gravesend</figcaption></figure> <p>Gravesend has a significant <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a> population of more than 15,000, representing over 15% of the town's population.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its first <a href="/wiki/Gurdwara" title="Gurdwara">gurdwara</a> was founded in 1956 by <a href="/wiki/Bhat_Sikhs" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhat Sikhs">Bhat Sikh</a> <a href="/wiki/Suraj_Parkash" class="mw-redirect" title="Suraj Parkash">Santokh Singh Takk</a> in Edwin Street with a second one opening, ten years later, in a former <a href="/wiki/Congregationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregationalist">Congregationalist</a> church, but this gurdwara closed in 2010. The same year, one of the United Kingdom's largest <a href="/wiki/Sikh_temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh temple">Sikh temples</a> was opened at a cost of £12 million.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravesend&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In secondary education, Gravesend has the following schools: <a href="/wiki/Gravesend_Grammar_School" title="Gravesend Grammar School">Gravesend Grammar School</a>; <a href="/wiki/Northfleet_School_for_Girls" title="Northfleet School for Girls">Northfleet School for Girls</a>; <a href="/wiki/Northfleet_Technology_College" title="Northfleet Technology College">Northfleet Technology College</a> (Northfleet School for Boys, on the former sites of Northfleet Secondary School for Boys and Gravesend Technical High School for Boys); <a href="/wiki/Mayfield_Grammar_School" title="Mayfield Grammar School">Mayfield Grammar School</a> (formerly <a href="/wiki/Gravesend_Grammar_School_for_Girls" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravesend Grammar School for Girls">Gravesend Grammar School for Girls</a>); <a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_Catholic_Comprehensive_School" title="St John's Catholic Comprehensive School">St John's Catholic Comprehensive School</a>; <a href="/wiki/Thamesview_School" title="Thamesview School">Thamesview School</a> and <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Church_of_England_School" title="St George's Church of England School">St George's Church of England School</a>. There are also primary age schools such as Whitehill Primary School, special schools and several independent schools, such as Bronte School and St Joseph's.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health">Health</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravesend&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gravesend Hospital was opened in 1854, following the donation of a site by the <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Darnley" title="Earl of Darnley">6th Earl of Darnley</a> in 1853; it had its origin on 2 December 1850, as a dispensary on the Milton Road "to assist the really destitute poor of Gravesend and Milton and vicinities ... unable to pay for medical aid". By 1893, 4,699 such people had benefited by its presence. </p><p>In 2004 the original building, and parts of the newer buildings were demolished to make way for a new community hospital. Gravesend Community Hospital provides a Minor Injury Unit, Dental services, Speech and Language therapy and Physiotherapy. It also has a Stroke Ward and offers inpatient care. The outpatient department provides care for much of the local area and is separate from those offered at Darent Valley Hospital. In addition, Gravesend emergency doctors out of hours service as well as podiatry are offered.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the town centre is a large medical clinic at Swan Yard, next to the Market car park, and several other doctors' surgeries are located in the area. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravesend&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Football">Football</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravesend&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Football"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Stonebridge_Road" title="Stonebridge Road">Stonebridge Road</a> <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football ground</a> at neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Northfleet" title="Northfleet">Northfleet</a> is home to <a href="/wiki/Ebbsfleet_United_F.C." title="Ebbsfleet United F.C.">Ebbsfleet United F.C.</a>, which changed its name from Gravesend and Northfleet F.C. in June 2007. Ebbsfleet currently plays in the <a href="/wiki/National_League_(English_football)" title="National League (English football)">National League</a>, and the club <a href="/wiki/FA_Trophy_2007-08" class="mw-redirect" title="FA Trophy 2007-08">won the FA Trophy in May 2008</a>. An agreement was reached for the <a href="/wiki/MyFootballClub" title="MyFootballClub">MyFootballClub</a> online community to purchase a 75% stake in the club in November 2007, and its takeover was completed early in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-Fleet_Takeover_Vote_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fleet_Takeover_Vote-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cricket">Cricket</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravesend&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Cricket"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Gravesend_Cricket_Club" title="Gravesend Cricket Club">Gravesend Cricket Club</a> (founded in 1881 when the Harkaway and Clarence Cricket Clubs amalgamated) is based at the <a href="/wiki/Bat_and_Ball_Ground" class="mw-redirect" title="Bat and Ball Ground">Bat and Ball Ground</a> on Wrotham Road, where <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a> has been played since its foundation at the behest of the <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Darnley" title="Earl of Darnley">6th Earl of Darnley</a> (grandfather of the celebrated England cricketer, <a href="/wiki/Ivo_Bligh" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivo Bligh">The Hon. Ivo Bligh</a>, later 8th Earl of Darnley) in the mid 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rugby_Union">Rugby Union</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravesend&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Rugby Union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gravesend has two <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a> teams, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravesend_Rugby_Football_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gravesend Rugby Football Club (page does not exist)">Gravesend Rugby Football Club</a> and Old Gravesendians RFC, both situated next to each other opposite the <a href="/wiki/Gravesend_Grammar_School" title="Gravesend Grammar School">Gravesend Grammar School</a>. </p><p>Old Gravesendians RFC (founded in 1929)<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> consisted traditionally of former Gravesend Grammar School pupils. Prior to the forming of Old Gravesendians RFC, on leaving the Grammar School, former pupils had continued to engage in various sports through the Old Blues Association (founded in 1914).<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Owing to <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> the Old Blues Association practically went to pieces with only one annual dinner having been held in 1914. After the war a reunion dinner was held in 1920, the second annual dinner, which restarted the Old Blues Association activities. The Old Gravesendians RFC was often referred to as 'Gravesend Old Blues' in match reports. </p><p>Old Gravesendians RFC continued to foster rugby in Gravesend during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> by turning out a side every season. Since 2000 Old Gravesendians (Old G's) have reached six Kent Plate finals, winning two. They achieved promotion to London League rugby in 2009, but were relegated in 2009–10. Old G's put out three sides with the first team playing in <a href="/wiki/Shepherd_Neame_Kent_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Shepherd Neame Kent 1">Shepherd Neame Kent 1</a> during the 2018–19 season. The team colours are light blue and dark blue. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rowing">Rowing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravesend&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Rowing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rowing races have been held on the <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a> at Gravesend since at least 1698, with the first organised <a href="/wiki/Regatta" class="mw-redirect" title="Regatta">Regatta</a> recorded in 1715. The first Borough Regatta began in 1882,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> setting the pattern for an annual event on the River Thames that is carried on to this day. The River Thames in Gravesend is home to the Gravesend Rowing Club (founded in 1878),<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which the club claims is the oldest existing sporting club in Gravesend,<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Regatta Committee's skiff rowers, and Gravesend Sailing Club. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cycling">Cycling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravesend&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Cycling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To the south of Gravesend on the ancient site of Watling Street on 43ha of land adjacent to the A2, <a href="/wiki/Cyclopark" title="Cyclopark">Cyclopark</a>, a venue for <a href="/wiki/Cycling" title="Cycling">cycling</a> events and other activities has been developed.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The site which features <a href="/wiki/Mountain_bike" title="Mountain bike">mountain bike</a> trails, a <a href="/wiki/Road_bicycle_racing" title="Road bicycle racing">road circuit</a>, a <a href="/wiki/BMX" title="BMX">BMX</a> racetrack and family cycling paths was formally opened in early 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravesend&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Gravesend" title="Special:EditPage/Gravesend">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Gravesend%22">"Gravesend"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Gravesend%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Gravesend%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Gravesend%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Gravesend%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Gravesend%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Gravesend Historical Society meets regularly and produces a biannual magazine on its activities.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a> lived at <a href="/wiki/Gad%27s_Hill_Place" class="mw-redirect" title="Gad's Hill Place">Gad's Hill Place</a>, 2 miles (3.2 km) east of Gravesend and specifically mentions the town and its environs in at least three of his novels. In <i><a href="/wiki/David_Copperfield_(novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Copperfield (novel)">David Copperfield</a></i> Mr. Peggotty, Ham and the Micawbers say their goodbyes and sail away from Gravesend to begin a new life in Australia. In <i><a href="/wiki/Great_Expectations" title="Great Expectations">Great Expectations</a></i>, Pip, with accomplices, rows Magwitch from London downriver in expectation of waylaying a regular steamer (whilst under way in the Lower Hope, off Gravesend) bound for Hamburg. At St James' Church, in Cooling, Pip finds Magwitch hidden among the graves. Gravesend also appears in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pickwick_Papers" title="The Pickwick Papers">The Pickwick Papers</a></i>). </p><p>Gravesend is briefly mentioned in the 1818 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein" title="Frankenstein">Frankenstein</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Mary_Shelley" title="Mary Shelley">Mary Shelley</a> during Victor's travels through the United Kingdom with Clerval; ultimately culminating in Victor's residence in the <a href="/wiki/Orkney_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Orkney Islands">Orkney Islands</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doyle" title="Arthur Conan Doyle">Arthur Conan Doyle</a> often mentioned Gravesend in his <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes">Sherlock Holmes</a> stories. </p><p>In the 1902 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Heart_of_Darkness" title="Heart of Darkness">Heart of Darkness</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Conrad" title="Joseph Conrad">Joseph Conrad</a>, Charles Marlow's ship, anchored off Gravesend, is the setting where he tells his tale. </p><p>The 1952 film "<a href="/wiki/The_Long_Memory" title="The Long Memory">The Long Memory</a>" starring <a href="/wiki/John_Mills" title="John Mills">John Mills</a> was filmed in and around Gravesend. It features many squalid streets running down towards the river that even then were being progressively cleared for redevelopment. It is also possible to hear in the background steam engines working out of the now closed <a href="/wiki/Gravesend_West_Line" title="Gravesend West Line">Gravesend West Line</a> West Street terminus. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/The_War_Game" title="The War Game">The War Game</a></i> was a 1965 BBC television drama-documentary film depicting a nuclear war that was initially banned, and not broadcast until July 1985. The film was shot in Gravesend and in the other Kent towns of Tonbridge, Chatham and Dover, with a cast which was almost entirely made up of non-actors.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravesend&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Gravesend" title="Special:EditPage/Gravesend">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Gravesend%22">"Gravesend"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Gravesend%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Gravesend%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Gravesend%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Gravesend%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Gravesend%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Charles_George_Gordon_Statue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/General_Charles_George_Gordon_Statue.jpg/170px-General_Charles_George_Gordon_Statue.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/General_Charles_George_Gordon_Statue.jpg/255px-General_Charles_George_Gordon_Statue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/General_Charles_George_Gordon_Statue.jpg/340px-General_Charles_George_Gordon_Statue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a><figcaption>Statue of General Gordon at Gravesend</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Arnold" title="Edwin Arnold">Sir Edwin Arnold</a> (1832–1904), English poet and journalist whose most prominent work as a poet was <i>The Light of Asia</i> (1879).<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemma_Arterton" title="Gemma Arterton">Gemma Arterton</a> (born 1986), actress, was born at Northfleet and attended <a href="/wiki/Mayfield_Grammar_School" title="Mayfield Grammar School">Gravesend Grammar School for Girls</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Barton" title="Derek Barton">Sir Derek Barton</a> (1918–1998), English chemist and <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> winner for "contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry".</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Beaufort" title="Francis Beaufort">Admiral Sir Francis Beaufort</a> (1774–1857), creator of the Beaufort Scale, was stationed at Gravesend.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Blake_(artist)" title="Peter Blake (artist)">Sir Peter Blake</a> (born 1932), artist who trained at Gravesend School of Art. <i>The Blake Gallery</i> has recently been opened at the Woodville Halls in the town.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Box" class="mw-redirect" title="George Box">George Box</a> (1919–2013), renowned statistician, and a recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Coombs" title="Laura Coombs">Laura Coombs</a> (born 1991), footballer for <a href="/wiki/England_women%27s_national_football_team" title="England women's national football team">England</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a> is associated with Gravesend and villages around the borough. Many of the links between him and Gravesham are still in evidence – Gravesend he visited, at Chalk he spent his honeymoon, at Higham he lived and died, and at Cobham he found inspiration for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pickwick_Papers" title="The Pickwick Papers">The Pickwick Papers</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Dismorr" title="Jessica Dismorr">Jessica Dismorr</a> (1885-1939), a member of the <a href="/wiki/Vorticism" title="Vorticism">Vorticism</a> art movement, was born in Gravesend.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Daniel_Ekman" title="Carl Daniel Ekman">Carl Daniel Ekman</a> (1845–1904) Swedish chemist and paper-maker who relocated to Gravesend.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major-General" class="mw-redirect" title="Major-General">Major-General</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_George_Gordon" title="Charles George Gordon">Charles Gordon</a> (1833–1885), lived in the town from 1865 to 1871. As commander of the Royal Engineers, he supervised the construction of the forts guarding the Thames downstream from Gravesend, at <a href="/wiki/New_Tavern_Fort" title="New Tavern Fort">New Tavern Fort</a> in the town, <a href="/wiki/Shornemead_Fort" title="Shornemead Fort">Shornemead Fort</a> on the Thames's south bank, and <a href="/wiki/Coalhouse_Fort" title="Coalhouse Fort">Coalhouse Fort</a> on the north in Essex. While in Gravesend, Gordon devoted himself to the welfare of the town's "poor boys", establishing a <a href="/wiki/Sunday_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunday School">Sunday School</a> and providing food and clothes for them from his Army wages. His links with Gravesend are commemorated locally on the embankment at the Riverside Leisure Area, which is known as the Gordon Promenade, and at Khartoum Place that lies just to the south.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Greengrass" title="Paul Greengrass">Paul Greengrass</a> (born 1955) film director was educated at <a href="/wiki/Gravesend_Grammar_School" title="Gravesend Grammar School">Gravesend Grammar School for Boys</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thom_Gunn" title="Thom Gunn">Thom Gunn</a> (1929–2004), Anglo-American poet, was born in Gravesend. His most famous collection, <i>The Man With Night Sweats</i> (1992), is dominated by AIDS-related elegies.<sup id="cite_ref-donyt_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-donyt-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He relocated to <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> in 1954 to teach writing at <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> and remain close to Mike his partner whom he met whilst at university.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Hamnett" title="Katharine Hamnett">Katharine Hamnett</a> (born 1947), fashion designer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hanneford-Smith" title="William Hanneford-Smith">William Hanneford-Smith</a> (1878–1954) publisher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Holloway" title="Adam Holloway">Adam Holloway</a> (born 1965), local <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a> (MP) 2005-2024, lives on Darnley Road in the town.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ritter" title="Paul Ritter">Paul Ritter</a> (1966-2021), actor best known for <a href="/wiki/Friday_Night_Dinner" title="Friday Night Dinner">Friday Night Dinner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chernobyl" title="Chernobyl">Chernobyl</a> <a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Half-Blood_Prince_(film)" title="Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (film)">Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Holbourn" title="Frederick Holbourn">Frederick Holbourn</a> (1896-1967), war pensioner activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadrach_Jones" title="Shadrach Jones">Shadrach Jones</a> (c.1822–1895) New Zealand doctor, auctioneer, hotel-owner and impresario; born in Gravesend.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_MacGregor_(sportsman)" title="John MacGregor (sportsman)">John MacGregor</a> (1825–1892), English writer, who designed the "Rob Roy" canoe.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitch_Pinnock" title="Mitch Pinnock">Mitch Pinnock</a> (born 1994), English professional footballer, was born in the town. He currently plays for <a href="/wiki/Northampton_Town_F.C." title="Northampton Town F.C.">Northampton Town</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocahontas" title="Pocahontas">Pocahontas</a> (1595–1617), the first Native American girl or woman to visit England. She was taken ill on her return voyage to America, and died aged 21 after coming ashore at Gravesend. She was buried under the chancel of St George's parish church.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Reid_(actor)" title="Harry Reid (actor)">Harry Reid</a> (born 1992), actor who appeared in <a href="/wiki/EastEnders" title="EastEnders">EastEnders</a> as Ben Mitchell, was born and lives in Gravesend. He attended <a href="/wiki/Northfleet_Technology_College" title="Northfleet Technology College">Northfleet Technology College</a> (formerly known as Northfleet School for Boys).<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trained in acting, physical theatre and musical theatre at Miskin Theatre in Dartford, Kent.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The composer <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Rimsky-Korsakov" title="Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov">Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov</a> (1844–1908) was an officer in the Russian Navy and was posted to Gravesend in 1862, where he wrote part of his first symphony, said to be the first such style of composition attempted by a <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> composer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Rutley" title="David Rutley">David Rutley</a> (born 1961 at Gravesend), first <a href="/wiki/Mormon" class="mw-redirect" title="Mormon">Mormon</a> UK <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a> (MP).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Simmons" title="Chris Simmons">Chris Simmons</a> (born 1975 at Gravesend), television and stage actor best known for his roles as DC <a href="/wiki/Mickey_Webb" class="mw-redirect" title="Mickey Webb">Mickey Webb</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Bill" title="The Bill">The Bill</a></i>, Mark Garland in <i><a href="/wiki/EastEnders" title="EastEnders">EastEnders</a></i> and Stuart Summer in <i><a href="/wiki/Hollyoaks" title="Hollyoaks">Hollyoaks</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Stewart,_3rd_Duke_of_Richmond" title="Charles Stewart, 3rd Duke of Richmond">Charles Stewart, 3rd Duke of Richmond</a>, resided at <a href="/wiki/Cobham_Hall" title="Cobham Hall">Cobham Hall</a>, 5 miles (8 km) south east of Gravesend, until 1672 (followed by his descendants, the <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Darnley" title="Earl of Darnley">Earls of Darnley</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Guehi" class="mw-redirect" title="Marc Guehi">Marc Guehi</a> (born 2000), English professional footballer for <a href="/wiki/Crystal_Palace_F.C." title="Crystal Palace F.C.">Crystal Palace F.C.</a>, was educated at <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Church_of_England_School" title="St George's Church of England School">St George's Church of England School</a>, in Gravesend.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns">Twin towns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravesend&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Twin towns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in the United Kingdom">List of twin towns and sister cities in the United Kingdom</a></div> <p>Gravesend is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambrai" title="Cambrai">Cambrai</a>, France<sup id="cite_ref-Archant_twinning_3_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archant_twinning_3-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesterfield,_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Chesterfield, Virginia">Chesterfield, Virginia</a>, United States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neum%C3%BCnster" title="Neumünster">Neumünster</a>, Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunswick,_Victoria" title="Brunswick, Victoria">Brunswick, Victoria</a>, Australia</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravesend&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gravesham_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Gravesham (UK Parliament constituency)">Gravesham (UK Parliament constituency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravesend_Grammar_School" title="Gravesend Grammar School">Gravesend Grammar School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Battle_of_Britain_airfields" title="List of Battle of Britain airfields">List of Battle of Britain airfields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocahontas_(character)" title="Pocahontas (character)">Pocahontas (character)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravesend&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Census, 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Theroux" title="Paul Theroux">Paul Theroux</a>'s report that "the town bore the name of Gravesend because east of it, the dead had to be buried at sea", is unsupported (Theroux, <i>The Kingdom by the Sea</i> 1983:19).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCarr1939" class="citation book cs1">Carr, Frank (1939). <i>Sailing Barges</i>. Terence Dalton Ltd, Suffolk, UK.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sailing+Barges&rft.pub=Terence+Dalton+Ltd%2C+Suffolk%2C+UK&rft.date=1939&rft.aulast=Carr&rft.aufirst=Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forgotten-ny.com/2000/05/gravesend-brooklyn/">"Gravesend, Brooklyn – Forgotten New York"</a>. 22 May 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160502080607/http://forgotten-ny.com/2000/05/gravesend-brooklyn/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gravesend%2C+Brooklyn+%E2%80%93+Forgotten+New+York&rft.date=2000-05-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fforgotten-ny.com%2F2000%2F05%2Fgravesend-brooklyn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/283">"History of Gravesend, in Gravesham and Kent | Map and description"</a>. <i>Visionofbritain.org.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035842/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/283">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visionofbritain.org.uk&rft.atitle=History+of+Gravesend%2C+in+Gravesham+and+Kent+%26%23124%3B+Map+and+description&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visionofbritain.org.uk%2Fplace%2F283&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aalt.law.uh.edu/AALT1/H6/CP40no647/bCP40no647dorses/IMG_0499.htm">"AALT Page"</a>. <i>Aalt.law.uh.edu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223547/http://aalt.law.uh.edu/AALT1/H6/CP40no647/bCP40no647dorses/IMG_0499.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aalt.law.uh.edu&rft.atitle=AALT+Page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faalt.law.uh.edu%2FAALT1%2FH6%2FCP40no647%2FbCP40no647dorses%2FIMG_0499.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hiscock-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hiscock_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiscock1976" class="citation book cs1">Hiscock, Robert H (1976). <i><span></span>'A History of Gravesend</i>. London: Phillimore & Co Ltd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%27A+History+of+Gravesend&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Phillimore+%26+Co+Ltd&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Hiscock&rft.aufirst=Robert+H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Book of Gravesham</i>, Sydney Harker 1979 ISBN o-86023-091-0</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.discovergravesham.co.uk/gravesend/the-chantry.html">"The Chantry"</a>. Gravesham Borough Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161210230443/http://www.discovergravesham.co.uk/gravesend/the-chantry.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Chantry&rft.pub=Gravesham+Borough+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.discovergravesham.co.uk%2Fgravesend%2Fthe-chantry.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1089047" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1089047?section=official-list-entry">"Milton Chantry (1089047)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Milton+Chantry+%281089047%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1089047%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oldtownhallgravesend.co.uk/history/">"History"</a>. Old Town Hall, Gravesend<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History&rft.pub=Old+Town+Hall%2C+Gravesend&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foldtownhallgravesend.co.uk%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://alondoninheritance.com/the-thames/defending-thames-hadleigh-castle/">https://alondoninheritance.com/the-thames/defending-thames-hadleigh-castle/</a> See paragraph 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/myads/copyrights?from=2f6172636869766544532f61726368697665446f776e6c6f61643f743d617263682d3435392d312f64697373656d696e6174696f6e2f7064662f477261766573656e642e706466">"myADS"</a>. Archaeology Data Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20141218010540/http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/myads/copyrights?from=2f6172636869766544532f61726368697665446f776e6c6f61643f743d617263682d3435392d312f64697373656d696e6174696f6e2f7064662f477261766573656e642e706466">Archived</a> from the original on 18 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=myADS&rft.pub=Archaeology+Data+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchaeologydataservice.ac.uk%2Fmyads%2Fcopyrights%3Ffrom%3D2f6172636869766544532f61726368697665446f776e6c6f61643f743d617263682d3435392d312f64697373656d696e6174696f6e2f7064662f477261766573656e642e706466&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.layston-church.org.uk/Rolfe%20Family%20History/Rolfe%20Family%20History.html">"Layston Church"</a>. Layston Church. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305032655/http://www.layston-church.org.uk/Rolfe%20Family%20History/Rolfe%20Family%20History.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Layston+Church&rft.pub=Layston+Church&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.layston-church.org.uk%2FRolfe%2520Family%2520History%2FRolfe%2520Family%2520History.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Price, <i>Love and Hate</i>. p. 182.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dr. Linwood "Little Bear" Custalow and Angela L. Danieal "Silver Star", <i><a href="/wiki/The_True_Story_of_Pocahontas:_The_Other_Side_of_History" class="mw-redirect" title="The True Story of Pocahontas: The Other Side of History">The True Story of Pocahontas: The Other Side of History</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cityark.medway.gov.uk/gallery/">"Entry in the Gravesend St. George composite parish register recording the burial of Princess Pocahontas on 21 March 1616/1617"</a>. <i>Medway: City Ark Document Gallery</i>. Medway Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090805091229/http://cityark.medway.gov.uk/gallery/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Medway%3A+City+Ark+Document+Gallery&rft.atitle=Entry+in+the+Gravesend+St.+George+composite+parish+register+recording+the+burial+of+Princess+Pocahontas+on+21+March+1616%2F1617&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcityark.medway.gov.uk%2Fgallery%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120213113930/http://www.stgeorgesgravesend.org.uk/history/pocahontas1.php">"Pocahontas"</a>. St. George's, Gravesend. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stgeorgesgravesend.org.uk/history/pocahontas1.php">the original</a> on 13 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pocahontas&rft.pub=St.+George%27s%2C+Gravesend&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stgeorgesgravesend.org.uk%2Fhistory%2Fpocahontas1.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon_Gardens" class="citation web cs1">Gordon Gardens. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gogravesham.co.uk/thedms.aspx?dms=3&venue=3093772">"Gordon Gardens | Garden | Gravesend|Kent"</a>. <i>Gogravesham.co.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025911/http://www.gogravesham.co.uk/thedms.aspx?dms=3&venue=3093772">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gogravesham.co.uk&rft.atitle=Gordon+Gardens+%26%23124%3B+Garden+%26%23124%3B+Gravesend%26%23124%3BKent&rft.au=Gordon+Gardens&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gogravesham.co.uk%2Fthedms.aspx%3Fdms%3D3%26venue%3D3093772&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305221203/http://www.visitkent.co.uk/attractions/new-tavern-fort/10662">"New Tavern Fort"</a>. <i>Visitkent.co.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitkent.co.uk/attractions/new-tavern-fort/10662">the original</a> on 5 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visitkent.co.uk&rft.atitle=New+Tavern+Fort&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitkent.co.uk%2Fattractions%2Fnew-tavern-fort%2F10662&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120205042930/http://www.gravesham.gov.uk/index.jsp?articleid=960">"The New Tavern Fort"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gravesham.gov.uk/index.jsp?articleid=960">the original</a> on 5 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+New+Tavern+Fort&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gravesham.gov.uk%2Findex.jsp%3Farticleid%3D960&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1013658" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1013658?section=official-list-entry">"New Tavern Fort, Gravesend, including Milton Chantry (1013658)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=New+Tavern+Fort%2C+Gravesend%2C+including+Milton+Chantry+%281013658%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1013658%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubshistory.com/KentPubs/Gravesend/gravesend.shtml">"Public Houses, Inns & Taverns of Gravesend, Kent – A listing of historical public houses, Taverns, Inns, Beer Houses and Hotels in Gravesend, Kent"</a>. <i>Pubshistory.com</i>. 17 May 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093831/http://pubshistory.com/KentPubs/Gravesend/gravesend.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pubshistory.com&rft.atitle=Public+Houses%2C+Inns+%26+Taverns+of+Gravesend%2C+Kent+%E2%80%93+A+listing+of+historical+public+houses%2C+Taverns%2C+Inns%2C+Beer+Houses+and+Hotels+in+Gravesend%2C+Kent&rft.date=2015-05-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpubshistory.com%2FKentPubs%2FGravesend%2Fgravesend.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/samuel_pepys.htm">"Samuel Pepys"</a>. History Learning Site. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150414094655/http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/samuel_pepys.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Samuel+Pepys&rft.pub=History+Learning+Site&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historylearningsite.co.uk%2Fsamuel_pepys.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160309052404/http://www.pastscape.org/hob.aspx?hob_id=1482531&sort=4&search=all&criteria=temple%20cornwall&rational=q&recordsperpage=10&p=1&move=n&nor=13&recfc=0">"Milton Barracks"</a>. Pastscape. 8 March 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pastscape.org/hob.aspx?hob_id=1482531&sort=4&search=all&criteria=temple%20cornwall&rational=q&recordsperpage=10&p=1&move=n&nor=13&recfc=0">the original</a> on 9 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Milton+Barracks&rft.pub=Pastscape&rft.date=2016-03-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pastscape.org%2Fhob.aspx%3Fhob_id%3D1482531%26sort%3D4%26search%3Dall%26criteria%3Dtemple%2520cornwall%26rational%3Dq%26recordsperpage%3D10%26p%3D1%26move%3Dn%26nor%3D13%26recfc%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kenttodayandyesterday.blogspot.co.uk/2010/03/demolition-of-blue-circle-lafarge.html">"Kent Today & Yesterday: Demolition of Blue Circle / Lafarge Cement Works Northfleet"</a>. <i>Kenttodayandyesterday.blogspot.co.uk</i>. 27 March 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304124348/http://kenttodayandyesterday.blogspot.co.uk/2010/03/demolition-of-blue-circle-lafarge.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kenttodayandyesterday.blogspot.co.uk&rft.atitle=Kent+Today+%26+Yesterday%3A+Demolition+of+Blue+Circle+%2F+Lafarge+Cement+Works+Northfleet&rft.date=2010-03-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkenttodayandyesterday.blogspot.co.uk%2F2010%2F03%2Fdemolition-of-blue-circle-lafarge.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.about-gravesend.co.uk/">"Gravesend Past and Present"</a>. <i>About-gravesend.co.uk</i>. 5 May 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303165359/http://www.about-gravesend.co.uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=About-gravesend.co.uk&rft.atitle=Gravesend+Past+and+Present&rft.date=2009-05-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.about-gravesend.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gravesham.gov.uk">"Home – Gravesham Borough Council"</a>. <i>Gravesham.gov.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140327234118/http://www.gravesham.gov.uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gravesham.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Home+%E2%80%93+Gravesham+Borough+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gravesham.gov.uk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webapps.kent.gov.uk/KCC.Libraries.Web.Sites.Public/LibraryDetails.aspx?aid=0&lid=47&uprn=100062312706">"Library details"</a>. <i>Webapps.kent.gov.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306194021/http://webapps.kent.gov.uk/KCC.Libraries.Web.Sites.Public/LibraryDetails.aspx?aid=0&lid=47&uprn=100062312706">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Webapps.kent.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Library+details&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwebapps.kent.gov.uk%2FKCC.Libraries.Web.Sites.Public%2FLibraryDetails.aspx%3Faid%3D0%26lid%3D47%26uprn%3D100062312706&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harker ibid</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=68730&cityname=Gravesend%2C+England%2C+United+Kingdom&units=">"Gravesend, England Köppen Climate Classification"</a>. <i>Weatherbase.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043222/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=68730&cityname=Gravesend,+England,+United+Kingdom&units=">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Weatherbase.com&rft.atitle=Gravesend%2C+England+K%C3%B6ppen+Climate+Classification&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weatherbase.com%2Fweather%2Fweather-summary.php3%3Fs%3D68730%26cityname%3DGravesend%252C%2BEngland%252C%2BUnited%2BKingdom%26units%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/10/newsid_3910000/3910801.stm">"BBC – On This Day | 10 | 2003: Britain swelters in record heat"</a>. BBC News. 10 August 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080307125250/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/10/newsid_3910000/3910801.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=BBC+%E2%80%93+On+This+Day+%26%23124%3B+10+%26%23124%3B+2003%3A+Britain+swelters+in+record+heat&rft.date=2001-08-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Faugust%2F10%2Fnewsid_3910000%2F3910801.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030220163131/http://www.metoffice.com/climate/uk/2003/">"Climate summaries"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Met_Office" title="Met Office">Met Office</a>. 3 February 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metoffice.com/climate/uk/2003/">the original</a> on 20 February 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+summaries&rft.pub=Met+Office&rft.date=2016-02-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metoffice.com%2Fclimate%2Fuk%2F2003%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MORecord-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MORecord_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223707/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/media/pdf/3/p/Temperature_Record_-_10_August_2003.pdf">"Temperature Record – 10 August 2003"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Met Office</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/media/pdf/3/p/Temperature_Record_-_10_August_2003.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Met+Office&rft.atitle=Temperature+Record+%E2%80%93+10+August+2003&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metoffice.gov.uk%2Fmedia%2Fpdf%2F3%2Fp%2FTemperature_Record_-_10_August_2003.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/forecast/u10k8kx5v">"Gravesend weather forecast"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Met_Office" title="Met Office">Met Office</a>. 1 May 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303214540/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/forecast/u10k8kx5v">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gravesend+weather+forecast&rft.pub=Met+Office&rft.date=2014-05-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metoffice.gov.uk%2Fpublic%2Fweather%2Fforecast%2Fu10k8kx5v&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13936256">"Flash flood warnings for parts of England"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 27 June 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181002061635/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13936256">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Flash+flood+warnings+for+parts+of+England&rft.date=2011-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-13936256&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131226192412/http://news.uk.msn.com/uk/articles.aspx?cp-documentid=153946459&ocid=today">"Latest news from around Great Britain – MSN News UK"</a>. <i>News.uk.msn.com</i>. 16 February 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.uk.msn.com/uk/articles.aspx?cp-documentid=153946459&ocid=today">the original</a> on 26 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News.uk.msn.com&rft.atitle=Latest+news+from+around+Great+Britain+%E2%80%93+MSN+News+UK&rft.date=2015-02-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.uk.msn.com%2Fuk%2Farticles.aspx%3Fcp-documentid%3D153946459%26ocid%3Dtoday&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metro.co.uk/news/834794-weekend-hot-weather-saw-brits-flocking-to-the-beaches">"Weekend hot weather saw Brits flocking to the beaches | Metro News"</a>. <i>Metro.co.uk</i>. 11 July 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121003031450/http://www.metro.co.uk/news/834794-weekend-hot-weather-saw-brits-flocking-to-the-beaches">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Metro.co.uk&rft.atitle=Weekend+hot+weather+saw+Brits+flocking+to+the+beaches+%26%23124%3B+Metro+News&rft.date=2010-07-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metro.co.uk%2Fnews%2F834794-weekend-hot-weather-saw-brits-flocking-to-the-beaches&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/census/maps/choropleth/identity/religion/religion-tb/not-answered?lad=E07000109">"Religion - Census Maps, ONS"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Religion+-+Census+Maps%2C+ONS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fcensus%2Fmaps%2Fchoropleth%2Fidentity%2Freligion%2Freligion-tb%2Fnot-answered%3Flad%3DE07000109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGravesend_Farmers_Market2017" class="citation web cs1">Gravesend Farmers Market (2 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.myfarmersmarket.co.uk/gravesend/">"Gravesend Farmers Market"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gravesend+Farmers+Market&rft.date=2017-05-02&rft.au=Gravesend+Farmers+Market&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.myfarmersmarket.co.uk%2Fgravesend%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kentonline.co.uk/gravesend/news/shoppers-flood-to-debenhams-ahead-of-closing-246470/">"Bargain hunters swoop on closing Debenhams"</a>. <i>Kent Online</i>. 30 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gravesend+Borough+Market+to+celebrate+750th+anniversary+of+being+chartered&rft.date=2018-01-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kentonline.co.uk%2Fgravesend%2Fnews%2Fkent-market-to-turn-750-158961%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121114045457/http://www.bbc.co.uk/kent/content/image_galleries/weekly_gallery_gravesend_town_pier.shtml">"Gravesend Town Pier"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gravesend+Town+Pier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2FKent%2Fcontent%2Fimage_galleries%2Fweekly_gallery_gravesend_town_pier.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rivaonthepier.com/">"Riva Waterside Restaurant & Bar | Town Pier, West Street, Gravesend, DA11 0BJ | Tel 01474 364694"</a>. <i>Rivaonthepier.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160413114102/http://www.rivaonthepier.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pla.co.uk&rft.atitle=Port+of+London+Authority&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pla.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=46535"><i>The East India Docks: Historical development', Survey of London: volumes 43 and 44: Poplar, Blackwall and Isle of Dogs</i></a>. 1994. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110103053617/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=46535">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+East+India+Docks%3A+Historical+development%27%2C+Survey+of+London%3A+volumes+43+and+44%3A+Poplar%2C+Blackwall+and+Isle+of+Dogs&rft.date=1994&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-history.ac.uk%2Freport.aspx%3Fcompid%3D46535&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RNLINews-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RNLINews_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRNLI2017" class="citation web cs1">RNLI (2 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rnli.org/news-and-media/2017/may/02/15-years-later-and-1500-shouts-for-gravesend-rnli">"15 Years later and 1500 shouts for Gravesend RNLI"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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On Poetry (column). <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Book_Review" title="The New York Times Book Review">The New York Times Book Review</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130323112501/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/12/books/review/Orr-t.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times+Book+Review&rft.atitle=Too+Close+to+Touch&rft.date=2009-07-12&rft.aulast=Orr&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F07%2F12%2Fbooks%2Freview%2FOrr-t.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/MacGregor, John"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/MacGregor,_John">"MacGregor, John" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 232.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=MacGregor%2C+John&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=232&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kentonline.co.uk/gravesend/news/id-like-to-play-ben-38479/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'I'd like to play Ben in EastEnders forever'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. 12 June 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924190540/http://www.kentonline.co.uk/gravesend/news/id-like-to-play-ben-38479/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27I%27d+like+to+play+Ben+in+EastEnders+forever%27&rft.date=2015-06-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kentonline.co.uk%2Fgravesend%2Fnews%2Fid-like-to-play-ben-38479%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spotlight.com/interactive/cv/1/M173487.html">"Spotlight: HARRY REID"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924184643/https://www.spotlight.com/interactive/cv/1/M173487.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spotlight%3A+HARRY+REID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spotlight.com%2Finteractive%2Fcv%2F1%2FM173487.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Archant_twinning_3-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Archant_twinning_3_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130705094933/http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns">"British towns twinned with French towns"</a>. Archant Community Media Ltd. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns">the original</a> on 5 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=British+towns+twinned+with+French+towns&rft.pub=Archant+Community+Media+Ltd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.completefrance.com%2Flanguage-culture%2Ftwin-towns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravesend&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gravesend" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gravesend">Gravesend</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Gravesend#Q676689" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Gravesend">Gravesend</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Gravesend"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Gravesend">"Gravesend" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. XI (9th ed.). 1880. p. 65.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gravesend&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=65&rft.edition=9th&rft.date=1880&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Gravesend"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Gravesend">"Gravesend" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 383.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gravesend&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=383&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGravesend" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gogravesham.co.uk">Gravesend Tourist Information Centre</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyoftownofg00crud"><i>The History of the Town of Gravesend</i> by Robert Peirce Cruden (1843)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Towns_and_villages_in_the_Borough_of_Gravesham" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Towns_and_villages_in_the_Borough_of_Gravesham" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Towns and villages in the <a href="/wiki/Gravesham" title="Gravesham">Borough of Gravesham</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 2px 0 0"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KentGravesham.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/KentGravesham.svg/100px-KentGravesham.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/KentGravesham.svg/150px-KentGravesham.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/KentGravesham.svg/200px-KentGravesham.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="201" data-file-height="136" /></a></span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chalk,_Kent" title="Chalk, Kent">Chalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobham,_Kent" title="Cobham, Kent">Cobham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meopham#The_main_village" title="Meopham">Culverstone Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dode,_Kent" title="Dode, Kent">Dode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvel" title="Harvel">Harvel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higham,_Kent" title="Higham, Kent">Higham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istead_Rise" title="Istead Rise">Istead Rise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luddesdown" title="Luddesdown">Luddesdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meopham" title="Meopham">Meopham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meopham_Green" class="mw-redirect" title="Meopham Green">Meopham Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northfleet" title="Northfleet">Northfleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northfleet_Green" title="Northfleet Green">Northfleet Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painters_Ash" class="mw-redirect" title="Painters Ash">Painters Ash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singlewell_or_Ifield" title="Singlewell or Ifield">Singlewell or Ifield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorne" title="Shorne">Shorne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="Sole Street">Sole Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springhead,_Kent" title="Springhead, Kent">Springhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thong,_Kent" title="Thong, Kent">Thong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigo_Village" title="Vigo Village">Vigo Village</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Kent" title="List of places in Kent">List of places in Kent</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Kent&#124;link=Kent_Ceremonial_county_of_Kent" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist vcard mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kent" title="Template:Kent"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kent" title="Template talk:Kent"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kent" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kent"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Kent&#124;link=Kent_Ceremonial_county_of_Kent" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent"><img alt="Kent" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/FlagOfKent.svg/23px-FlagOfKent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/FlagOfKent.svg/35px-FlagOfKent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/FlagOfKent.svg/46px-FlagOfKent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="192" /></a></span></span> <span class="category"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a></span> of <span class="fn org region"><a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i><a href="/wiki/Portal:Kent" title="Portal:Kent">Kent Portal</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unitary authorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Medway" title="Medway">Medway</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Boroughs or districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Ashford" title="Borough of Ashford">Ashford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Canterbury" title="City of Canterbury">Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Dartford" title="Borough of Dartford">Dartford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dover_District" title="Dover District">Dover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folkestone_and_Hythe_District" title="Folkestone and Hythe District">Folkestone and Hythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravesham" title="Gravesham">Gravesham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Maidstone" title="Borough of Maidstone">Maidstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevenoaks_District" title="Sevenoaks District">Sevenoaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Swale" title="Borough of Swale">Swale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanet_District" title="Thanet District">Thanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonbridge_and_Malling" title="Tonbridge and Malling">Tonbridge and Malling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Tunbridge_Wells" title="Borough of Tunbridge Wells">Tunbridge Wells</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major settlements<br />(cities in italics)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashford,_Kent" title="Ashford, Kent">Ashford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadstairs" title="Broadstairs">Broadstairs</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Canterbury" title="Canterbury">Canterbury</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatham,_Kent" title="Chatham, Kent">Chatham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranbrook,_Kent" title="Cranbrook, Kent">Cranbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dartford" title="Dartford">Dartford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deal,_Kent" title="Deal, Kent">Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dover" title="Dover">Dover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edenbridge,_Kent" title="Edenbridge, Kent">Edenbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faversham" title="Faversham">Faversham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folkestone" title="Folkestone">Folkestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fordwich" title="Fordwich">Fordwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillingham,_Kent" title="Gillingham, Kent">Gillingham</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gravesend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawkinge" title="Hawkinge">Hawkinge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herne_Bay" title="Herne Bay">Herne Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hythe,_Kent" title="Hythe, Kent">Hythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydd" title="Lydd">Lydd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maidstone" title="Maidstone">Maidstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margate" title="Margate">Margate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minster,_Swale" title="Minster, Swale">Minster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Romney" title="New Romney">New Romney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northfleet" title="Northfleet">Northfleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddock_Wood" title="Paddock Wood">Paddock Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queenborough" title="Queenborough">Queenborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainham,_Kent" title="Rainham, Kent">Rainham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsgate" title="Ramsgate">Ramsgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_Kent" title="Rochester, Kent">Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Tunbridge_Wells" title="Royal Tunbridge Wells">Royal Tunbridge Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandwich,_Kent" title="Sandwich, Kent">Sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevenoaks" title="Sevenoaks">Sevenoaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheerness" title="Sheerness">Sheerness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sittingbourne" title="Sittingbourne">Sittingbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snodland" title="Snodland">Snodland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southborough,_Kent" title="Southborough, Kent">Southborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strood" title="Strood">Strood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swanley" title="Swanley">Swanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenterden" title="Tenterden">Tenterden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonbridge" title="Tonbridge">Tonbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walmer" title="Walmer">Walmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Malling" title="West Malling">West Malling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westerham" title="Westerham">Westerham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westgate-on-Sea" title="Westgate-on-Sea">Westgate-on-Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitstable" title="Whitstable">Whitstable</a><br /><i>See also:</i> <b><a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_Kent" title="List of civil parishes in Kent">List of civil parishes in Kent</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>See:</i> <a href="/wiki/Rivers_of_Kent" title="Rivers of Kent">Rivers of Kent</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Kent" title="Flag of Kent">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Parliamentary_constituencies_in_Kent" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Parliamentary constituencies in Kent">Parliamentary constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_for_Kent" title="List of MPs for Kent">Members of Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Kent" title="Geography of Kent">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Kent" title="List of places in Kent">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_settlements_in_Kent_by_population" title="List of settlements in Kent by population">Population of major settlements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sites_of_Special_Scientific_Interest_in_Kent" title="List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Kent">SSSIs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Country_houses_in_Kent" title="Category:Country houses in Kent">Country houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_Kent" title="Grade I listed buildings in Kent">Grade I listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_II*_listed_buildings_in_Kent" title="Grade II* listed buildings in Kent">Grade II* listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheduled_monuments_in_Kent" title="Scheduled monuments in Kent">Scheduled monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kent" title="History of Kent">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Kent" title="List of schools in Kent">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Kent" title="List of museums in Kent">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Kent" title="Lord Lieutenant of Kent">Lord Lieutenants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Kent" title="High Sheriff of Kent">High Sheriffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Kent" title="List of people from Kent">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Kent" title="Transport in Kent">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_windmills_in_Kent" title="List of windmills in Kent">Windmills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_in_Kent" title="Category:Culture in Kent">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Paramount" class="mw-redirect" title="London Paramount">London Paramount</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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