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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span><i><span><i>Lex causae</i></span></i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lex_causae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lex_concursus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lex_concursus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span><i><span><i>Lex concursus</i></span></i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lex_concursus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lex_domicilii" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lex_domicilii"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span><i><span><i>Lex domicilii</i></span></i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lex_domicilii-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lex_fori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lex_fori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span><i><span><i>Lex fori</i></span></i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lex_fori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lex_loci_actus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lex_loci_actus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span><i><span><i>Lex loci actus</i></span></i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lex_loci_actus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lex_loci_arbitri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lex_loci_arbitri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span><i><span><i>Lex loci arbitri</i></span></i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lex_loci_arbitri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lex_loci_celebrationis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lex_loci_celebrationis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span><i><span><i>Lex loci celebrationis</i></span></i></span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Lex_loci_celebrationis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle <i><span><i>Lex loci celebrationis</i></span></i> subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Lex_loci_celebrationis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-British_legal_tradition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_legal_tradition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>British legal tradition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_legal_tradition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lex_loci_contractus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lex_loci_contractus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span><i><span><i>Lex loci contractus</i></span></i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lex_loci_contractus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lex_loci_delicti_commissi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lex_loci_delicti_commissi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span><i><span><i>Lex loci delicti commissi</i></span></i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lex_loci_delicti_commissi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lex_loci_protectionis_(Schutzlandprinzip)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lex_loci_protectionis_(Schutzlandprinzip)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span><i><span><i>Lex loci protectionis</i></span></i> (Schutzlandprinzip)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lex_loci_protectionis_(Schutzlandprinzip)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lex_loci_rei_sitae_(or_Lex_situs)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lex_loci_rei_sitae_(or_Lex_situs)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span><i><span><i>Lex loci rei sitae</i></span></i> (or <i><span><i>Lex situs</i></span></i>)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lex_loci_rei_sitae_(or_Lex_situs)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lex_loci_solutionis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lex_loci_solutionis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span><i><span><i>Lex loci solutionis</i></span></i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lex_loci_solutionis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lex_patriae" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lex_patriae"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span><i><span><i>Lex patriae</i></span></i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lex_patriae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Locus_in_quo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Locus_in_quo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span><i><span><i>Locus in quo</i></span></i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Locus_in_quo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conflict_of_property_laws&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Conflict of property laws">Conflict of property laws</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Rules a court uses to choose the law under which a case will be decided</div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Conflict_of_laws" title="Conflict of laws">conflict of laws</a>, the term <b><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">lex loci</i></span></b> (<a href="/wiki/Law_Latin" title="Law Latin">Law Latin</a> for "the law of the place")<sup id="cite_ref-Amo_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amo-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a shorthand version of the <a href="/wiki/Choice_of_law" title="Choice of law">choice of law</a> rules that determine the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Lex_causae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lex causae">lex causae</a></i></span> (the laws chosen to decide a case).<sup id="cite_ref-Black's_Law_Dictionary'_1991_p._630_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Black's_Law_Dictionary'_1991_p._630-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_principles">General principles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lex_loci&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: General principles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When a case comes before a <a href="/wiki/Court" title="Court">court</a>, if the main features of the case (particularly the parties and the causes of action) are local, the court will then apply the <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">lex fori</i></span></i>, the prevailing <a href="/wiki/Municipal_law" title="Municipal law">municipal law</a>, to decide the case. However, if there are "foreign" elements to the case, the court may then be obliged, under conflict of laws, to consider whether it has <a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction" title="Jurisdiction">jurisdiction</a> to hear the case (see <a href="/wiki/Forum_shopping" title="Forum shopping">forum shopping</a>). The court must then <a href="/wiki/Characterisation_(conflict)" class="mw-redirect" title="Characterisation (conflict)">characterise</a> the issues to allocate the factual basis of the case to its relevant legal classes. The court may then be required to apply the <a href="/wiki/Choice_of_law" title="Choice of law">choice of law</a> rules to decide the <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Lex_causae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lex causae">lex causae</a></i></span></i>, the law to be applied to each cause of action.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Relevant rules include the following. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lex_causae"><i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Lex causae</i></span></i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lex_loci&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Lex causae"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><b><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Lex causae</i></span></b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> for "law of the cause"), in <a href="/wiki/Conflict_of_laws" title="Conflict of laws">conflict of laws</a>, is the law chosen by the forum court from the relevant <a href="/wiki/Legal_system" title="Legal system">legal systems</a> when it judges an <a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">international</a> or interjurisdictional <a href="/wiki/Legal_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal case">case</a>. It refers to the usage of particular local laws as the basis or "cause" for the ruling, which would itself become part of referenced legal canon. </p><p>Conflict of laws regulates all <a href="/wiki/Lawsuit" title="Lawsuit">lawsuits</a> involving foreign law if the outcome of a legal action would differ by the laws applied. Once the forum court has ruled that it has <a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction" title="Jurisdiction">jurisdiction</a> to hear the case, it must then decide which possible law is to be applied. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lex_concursus"><i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Lex concursus</i></span></i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lex_loci&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Lex concursus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i><b><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">lex concursus</i></span></b></i> (or, sometimes, <i><b><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">lex fori consursus</i></span></b></i>) is the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> term for the "law of the place of insolvency proceedings" relating to <a href="/wiki/Cross-border_insolvency" title="Cross-border insolvency">cross-border insolvency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also sometimes used more generally in relation to the distribution of a limited fund within the control of the court.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lex_domicilii"><i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Lex domicilii</i></span></i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lex_loci&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Lex domicilii"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i><b><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">lex domicilii</i></span></b></i> or <i><b><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">lex loci domicilii</i></span></b></i><sup id="cite_ref-Black's_Law_Dictionary'_1991_p._630_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Black's_Law_Dictionary'_1991_p._630-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> term for "law of the domicile" in the <a href="/wiki/Conflict_of_laws" title="Conflict of laws">conflict of laws</a>. Conflict is the branch of <a href="/wiki/Public_law" title="Public law">public law</a> regulating all <a href="/wiki/Lawsuit" title="Lawsuit">lawsuits</a> involving a "foreign" law element where a difference in result will occur depending on which laws are applied. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lex_fori"><i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Lex fori</i></span></i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lex_loci&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Lex fori"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><b><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Lex fori</i></span></b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>: the law of the forum) is a <a href="/wiki/Choice_of_law" title="Choice of law">choice of law</a> rule. If applicable, it provides that the law of the <a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction_(area)" title="Jurisdiction (area)">jurisdiction</a> or <a href="/wiki/Venue_(law)" title="Venue (law)">venue</a> in which a legal action is brought applies.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Black's_Law_Dictionary'_1991_p._630_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Black's_Law_Dictionary'_1991_p._630-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When a court decides that it should, by reason of the principles of <a href="/wiki/Conflict_of_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Conflict of law">conflict of law</a>, resolve a given legal dispute by reference to the laws of another jurisdiction, the <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Lex_causae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lex causae">lex causae</a></i></span></i>, the <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">lex fori</i></span></i> still governs procedural matters.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lex_loci_actus"><i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Lex loci actus</i></span></i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lex_loci&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Lex loci actus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Conflict_of_laws" title="Conflict of laws">conflict of laws</a>, <i><b><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">lex loci actus</i></span></b></i> or <i><b><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">lex actus</i></span></b></i><sup id="cite_ref-Black's_Law_Dictionary'_1991_p._630_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Black's_Law_Dictionary'_1991_p._630-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the law of the place where the act occurred that gave rise to the legal claim. This is often confused with <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Lex_loci_delicti_commissi" class="mw-redirect" title="Lex loci delicti commissi">lex loci delicti commissi</a></i></span></i> which is where the tort is committed. While typically they both point to the same location, in the case of product liability, for example, the <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">lex loci actus</i></span></i> would be the place of manufacturing, while the <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">lex loci delicti commissi</i></span></i> would be the place of injury. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lex_loci_arbitri"><i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Lex loci arbitri</i></span></i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lex_loci&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Lex loci arbitri"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i><b><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">lex loci arbitri</i></span></b></i> is the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> term for "law of the place where <a href="/wiki/Arbitration" title="Arbitration">arbitration</a> is to take place" in the <a href="/wiki/Conflict_of_laws" title="Conflict of laws">conflict of laws</a>. Conflict is the branch of <a href="/wiki/Public_law" title="Public law">public law</a> regulating all <a href="/wiki/Lawsuit" title="Lawsuit">lawsuits</a> involving a "foreign" law element where a difference in result will occur depending on which laws are applied. </p><p>When a case comes before a <a href="/wiki/Court" title="Court">court</a> and all the main features of the case are local, the court will apply the <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">lex fori</i></span></i>, the prevailing municipal <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">law</a>, to decide the case. But if there are "foreign" elements to the case, the forum court may be obliged under the conflict of laws system to consider: </p> <ul><li>whether the forum court has <a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction" title="Jurisdiction">jurisdiction</a> to hear the case (see the problem of <a href="/wiki/Forum_shopping" title="Forum shopping">forum shopping</a>);</li> <li>it must then <a href="/wiki/Characterisation_(conflict)" class="mw-redirect" title="Characterisation (conflict)">characterise</a> the issues, i.e. allocate the factual basis of the case to its relevant legal classes; and</li> <li>then apply the <a href="/wiki/Choice_of_law" title="Choice of law">choice of law</a> rules to decide which law is to be applied to each class.</li></ul> <p>The <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">lex loci arbitri</i></span></i> is an element in the choice of law rules applied to cases testing the validity of a <a href="/wiki/Contract_(conflict)" class="mw-redirect" title="Contract (conflict)">contract</a>. As an aspect of the <a href="/wiki/Public_policy_(law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Public policy (law)">public policy</a> of <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_contract" title="Freedom of contract">freedom of contract</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Party_(law)" title="Party (law)">parties</a> to an agreement are free to include a <a href="/wiki/Forum_selection_clause" title="Forum selection clause">forum selection clause</a> and/or a <a href="/wiki/Choice_of_law_clause" title="Choice of law clause">choice of law clause</a> and, unless there is a lack of <a href="/wiki/Bona_fides" class="mw-redirect" title="Bona fides">bona fides</a>, these clauses will be considered valid. If there is no express selection of a <a href="/wiki/Proper_law" title="Proper law">proper law</a>, the courts will usually take the nomination of a forum as a "connecting factor", i.e. a fact that links a case to a specific geographical location. For these purposes, one of the "forums" that may be selected is arbitration. Hence, the fact that the parties have chosen a <a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction_(area)" title="Jurisdiction (area)">state</a> as the place of arbitration is an indication that parties may have intended the local law to apply. This indication will be weighed alongside other connecting factors. The state that has the largest number of connecting factors will be the <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Lex_causae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lex causae">lex causae</a></i></span></i> applied to resolve the dispute between the parties. If there is a tie, the connecting factors which relate to performance will be given a greater weighting. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lex_loci_celebrationis"><i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Lex loci celebrationis</i></span></i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lex_loci&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Lex loci celebrationis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><b><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Lex loci celebrationis</i></span></b></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> term for a legal principle in <a href="/wiki/English_common_law" class="mw-redirect" title="English common law">English common law</a>, roughly translated as "the law of the land (<i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">lex loci</i></span></i>) where it was celebrated". It refers to the validity of the union, independent of the <a href="/wiki/Marriage_law" title="Marriage law">laws of marriage</a> of the countries involved: where the two individuals have legal nationality or citizenship, or where they live (reside or are domiciled). The assumption under the <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a> is that such a marriage, when lawfully and validly celebrated under the relevant law of the land, is also lawful and valid. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_legal_tradition">British legal tradition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lex_loci&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: British legal tradition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, the jurisdiction of <a href="/wiki/England_and_Wales" title="England and Wales">England, or England and Wales</a>, as well as in many other legal jurisdictions largely or <a href="/wiki/Mixed_legal_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed legal system">partly</a> following the British tradition of jurisprudence, in addition to their modified local versions of the English common law, the legal principle behind the legal term was modified, qualified and further elaborated, both by legal developments in the common law (<a href="/wiki/Viscount_Dunedin" class="mw-redirect" title="Viscount Dunedin">Lord Dunedin</a>'s <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berthiaume_v_Dastous&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berthiaume v Dastous (page does not exist)">Berthiaume v D'Astous</a></i> case (<a href="/wiki/Law_Lords" class="mw-redirect" title="Law Lords">HL</a> 1930) (<a href="/wiki/Appellate_Committee_of_the_House_of_Lords" class="mw-redirect" title="Appellate Committee of the House of Lords">AC</a> 79), in which Dunedin in the <a href="/wiki/Appellate_Committee_of_the_House_of_Lords" class="mw-redirect" title="Appellate Committee of the House of Lords">Appellate Committee of the House of Lords</a> ruled that "If a marriage is good by the laws of the country where it is effected, it is good all the world over, no matter whether the proceedings or ceremony which constituted marriage according to the law of the place would not constitute marriage in the country of the domicile of one or other of the spouses. If the so-called marriage is no marriage in the place where it is celebrated, there is no marriage anywhere, although the ceremonial proceedings if conducted in the place of the parties’ domicile would be considered a good marriage"), as well as by codification by Statute (<a href="/wiki/Foreign_Marriage_Act_1892" title="Foreign Marriage Act 1892">Foreign Marriage Act 1892</a>, 55 & 56 <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom">Vict.</a>, <i>Chapter 23</i>). <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Under the English common law, whether a party needs to be present is treated as a formality of the <a href="/wiki/Marriage_ceremony" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriage ceremony">marriage ceremony</a>, so if a <a href="/wiki/Proxy_marriage" title="Proxy marriage">proxy marriage</a> is valid by the law of the place where the marriage was celebrated then it will be recognised in England.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lex_loci_contractus"><i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Lex loci contractus</i></span></i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lex_loci&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Lex loci contractus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lex_loci_contractus" title="Lex loci contractus">Lex loci contractus</a></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Conflict_of_laws" title="Conflict of laws">conflict of laws</a>, the <i><b><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">lex loci contractus</i></span></b></i> is the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> term for "law of the place where the contract is made".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Black's_Law_Dictionary'_1991_p._630_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Black's_Law_Dictionary'_1991_p._630-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lex_loci_delicti_commissi"><i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Lex loci delicti commissi</i></span></i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lex_loci&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Lex loci delicti commissi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i><b><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">lex loci delicti commissi</i></span></b></i> or <i><b><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">lex loci delictus</i></span></b></i><sup id="cite_ref-Black's_Law_Dictionary'_1991_p._630_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Black's_Law_Dictionary'_1991_p._630-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> term for "law of the place where the delict [tort] was committed"<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/Conflict_of_laws" title="Conflict of laws">conflict of laws</a>. Conflict of laws is the branch of law regulating all <a href="/wiki/Lawsuit" title="Lawsuit">lawsuits</a> involving a "foreign" law element where a difference in result will occur depending on which laws are applied. </p><p>The term is often shortened to <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">lex loci delicti</i></span></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lex_loci_protectionis_(Schutzlandprinzip)"><span id="Lex_loci_protectionis_.28Schutzlandprinzip.29"></span><i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Lex loci protectionis</i></span></i> (Schutzlandprinzip)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lex_loci&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Lex loci protectionis (Schutzlandprinzip)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><b><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Lex loci protectionis</i></span></b></i> (Latin: "[the] law of the place where the protection is [claimed]") is a <a href="/wiki/Choice_of_law" title="Choice of law">choice of law</a> rule applied to cases concerning the infringement of <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">intellectual property</a> (IP) rights, such as <a href="/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright">copyrights</a> or <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patents</a>. </p><p>It stipulates that the law applied to such cases is the law of the <i>locus protectionis</i>, that is, the law of the country for which legal protection for the intellectual property is claimed.<sup id="cite_ref-Rosen_2012_p._57_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosen_2012_p._57-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, the law of the country where the intellectual property was created or registered is not applied. </p><p><i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Lex loci protectionis</i></span></i> is generally accepted as the prevailing choice of law rule for IP rights, at least as concerns the existence, validity, scope and duration of the rights.<sup id="cite_ref-Rosen_2012_p._57_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosen_2012_p._57-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Article 8 (1) of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Rome_II_Regulation" title="Rome II Regulation">Rome II Regulation</a> codifies it as follows: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The law applicable to a non-contractual obligation arising from an infringement of an intellectual property right shall be the law of the country for which protection is claimed.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lex_loci_rei_sitae_(or_Lex_situs)"><span id="Lex_loci_rei_sitae_.28or_Lex_situs.29"></span><i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Lex loci rei sitae</i></span></i> (or <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Lex situs</i></span></i>)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lex_loci&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Lex loci rei sitae (or Lex situs)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><b><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Lex loci rei sitae</i></span></b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> for "law of the place where the property is situated"), or simply <i><b><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">lex situs</i></span></b></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the doctrine that the law governing the transfer of title to property is dependent upon and varies with the location of the property, for the purposes of the <a href="/wiki/Conflict_of_laws" title="Conflict of laws">conflict of laws</a>. Conflict is the branch of <a href="/wiki/Public_law" title="Public law">public law</a> regulating all <a href="/wiki/Lawsuit" title="Lawsuit">lawsuits</a> involving a "foreign" law element if a difference in result will occur, depending on which laws are applied. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lex_loci_solutionis"><i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Lex loci solutionis</i></span></i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lex_loci&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Lex loci solutionis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><b><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Lex loci solutionis</i></span></b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>: "law of the place of performance"), in <a href="/wiki/Conflict_of_laws" title="Conflict of laws">conflict of laws</a>, is the law applied in the place of an event. </p><p><i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Lex loci solutionis</i></span></i> is one of the possible choice of law rules applied to cases that test the validity of a <a href="/wiki/Contract_(conflict)" class="mw-redirect" title="Contract (conflict)">contract</a> or that deal with a <a href="/wiki/Tort_(conflict)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tort (conflict)">tort</a>. For example, if a person <a href="/wiki/Domicile_(law)" title="Domicile (law)">domiciled</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> and a person habitually resident in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> make a contract by e-mail and agree to meet in <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> to research a book, there would be several possibly-relevant choice of law rules: </p> <ul><li>the <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Lex_domicilii" class="mw-redirect" title="Lex domicilii">lex domicilii</a></i></span></i>, <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Lex_patriae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lex patriae">lex patriae</a></i></span></i> or the law of habitual residence to determine whether the parties had the <a href="/wiki/Capacity_(law)" title="Capacity (law)">capacity</a> to enter into the contract;</li> <li><i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Lex_loci_contractus" title="Lex loci contractus">lex loci contractus</a></i></span></i>, which could be difficult to establish since both parties never left their own <a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction_(area)" title="Jurisdiction (area)">state</a> (reliance on postal rules for <a href="/wiki/Offer_and_acceptance" title="Offer and acceptance">offer and acceptance</a> in the several putative <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Lex_causae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lex causae">lex causae</a></i></span></i> might produce different results)</li> <li><i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">lex loci solutionis</i></span></i> might be the most relevant since Arizona is the most closely connected to the substance of the obligations assumed</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Proper_law" title="Proper law">proper law</a></li> <li><i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">lex fori</i></span></i>, which might have <a href="/wiki/Public_policy_(law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Public policy (law)">public policy</a> issues if one of the parties is a <a href="/wiki/Minor_(law)" title="Minor (law)">minor</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lex_patriae"><i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Lex patriae</i></span></i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lex_loci&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Lex patriae"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><b><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Lex patriae</i></span></b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>: <i>law of the fatherland</i>, in modern usage, <i><a href="/wiki/Nationality_law" title="Nationality law">nationality law</a></i>), in <a href="/wiki/Conflict_of_laws" title="Conflict of laws">conflict of laws</a>, is the system of <a href="/wiki/Public_law" title="Public law">public law</a> applied to a <a href="/wiki/Lawsuit" title="Lawsuit">lawsuit</a> if a choice is to be made between two or more laws that would change the outcome. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Locus_in_quo"><i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Locus in quo</i></span></i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lex_loci&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Locus in quo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><b><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Locus in quo</i></span></b></i> means, in <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">British</a> <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a>, the "scene of the event" <sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The phrase <a href="/wiki/Etymology" title="Etymology">comes from</a> the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> language, meaning "The place in which".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In civil cases, <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">locus in quo</i></span></i> refers to "the place where the <a href="/wiki/Cause_of_action" title="Cause of action">cause of action</a> arose", that is, the land to which the <a href="/wiki/Defendant" title="Defendant">defendant</a> <a href="/wiki/Trespass" title="Trespass">trespassed</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In criminal cases, it may be used to refer to the <a href="/wiki/Crime_scene" title="Crime scene">scene of the crime</a>. It may also be used, more generally, as any place mentioned, that is, the <a href="/wiki/Venue_(law)" title="Venue (law)">venue</a> or place mentioned.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lex_loci&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Choice_of_law" title="Choice of law">Choice of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domicile_(law)" title="Domicile (law)">Domicile</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hannah_v_Peel" title="Hannah v Peel">Hannah v Peel</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_phrases" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin phrases">Latin phrases</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Privilegium_fori" title="Privilegium fori">Privilegium fori</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tort" title="Tort">Tort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trespass" title="Trespass">Trespass</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lex_loci&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Amo-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Amo_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEhrlich1987" class="citation book cs1">Ehrlich, Eugene (1987) [1985]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatthinkersofw00ianp/page/170"><i>Amo, Amas, Amat and More</i></a>. New York: Harper Row. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatthinkersofw00ianp/page/170">170</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-272017-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-272017-1"><bdi>0-06-272017-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Amo%2C+Amas%2C+Amat+and+More&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=170&rft.pub=Harper+Row&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-06-272017-1&rft.aulast=Ehrlich&rft.aufirst=Eugene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreatthinkersofw00ianp%2Fpage%2F170&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALex+loci" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Black's_Law_Dictionary'_1991_p._630-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Black's_Law_Dictionary'_1991_p._630_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Black's_Law_Dictionary'_1991_p._630_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Black's_Law_Dictionary'_1991_p._630_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Black's_Law_Dictionary'_1991_p._630_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Black's_Law_Dictionary'_1991_p._630_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Black's_Law_Dictionary'_1991_p._630_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Black's Law Dictionary</i> abridged Sixth Edition (1991), p. 630.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.duhaime.org/LegalDictionary/L/LexCausae.aspx">"Lex Causae Definition"</a>. <i>www.duhaime.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-12-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.duhaime.org&rft.atitle=Lex+Causae+Definition&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.duhaime.org%2FLegalDictionary%2FL%2FLexCausae.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALex+loci" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lexisnexis.co.uk/legal/glossary/lex-concursus">"Lex concursus definition"</a>. LexisNexis<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lex+concursus+definition&rft.pub=LexisNexis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexisnexis.co.uk%2Flegal%2Fglossary%2Flex-concursus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALex+loci" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPolshkova2021" class="citation journal cs1">Polshkova, M. I. (14 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17803%2F2311-5998.2021.79.3.178-189">"Insolvency statute and lex fori concursus as a main connecting factor"</a>. <i>Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL))</i> (3): <span class="nowrap">178–</span>189. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17803%2F2311-5998.2021.79.3.178-189">10.17803/2311-5998.2021.79.3.178-189</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Courier+of+Kutafin+Moscow+State+Law+University+%28MSAL%29%29&rft.atitle=Insolvency+statute+and+lex+fori+concursus+as+a+main+connecting+factor&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E178-%3C%2Fspan%3E189&rft.date=2021-06-14&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17803%2F2311-5998.2021.79.3.178-189&rft.aulast=Polshkova&rft.aufirst=M.+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.17803%252F2311-5998.2021.79.3.178-189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALex+loci" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Bankers Trust v Todd Shipyards, The Halcyon Isle</i> [1981] AC 221.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGreen1995" class="citation journal cs1">Green, Michael S. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1472&context=facpubs">"Legal Realism, Lex Fori, and the Choice-of-Law Revolution"</a>. <i>Yale Law Journal</i>. <b>104</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">967–</span>994. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F797110">10.2307/797110</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/797110">797110</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yale+Law+Journal&rft.atitle=Legal+Realism%2C+Lex+Fori%2C+and+the+Choice-of-Law+Revolution&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E967-%3C%2Fspan%3E994&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F797110&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F797110%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Michael+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarship.law.wm.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1472%26context%3Dfacpubs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALex+loci" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCollins2000" class="citation book cs1">Collins, Lawrence (2000). <i><span></span></i><a href="/wiki/Dicey_Morris_%26_Collins" title="Dicey Morris & Collins">Dicey and Morris on the Conflicts of Laws</a><i><span></span></i> (13th ed.). London: Sweet & Maxwell. p. 157.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dicey+and+Morris+on+the+Conflicts+of+Laws&rft.place=London&rft.pages=157&rft.edition=13th&rft.pub=Sweet+%26+Maxwell&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALex+loci" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Apt v Apt</i> [1948] P 83; <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tribunalsdecisions.service.gov.uk/utiac/37750">CB (Validity of marriage: proxy marriage)</a></i> [2008] UKAIT 80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChristopher_Clarkson_and_Jonathan_Hill2011" class="citation book cs1">Christopher Clarkson and Jonathan Hill (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fWOcAQAAQBAJ&q=English+conflict+of+laws+proxy+marriages&pg=PA21"><i>The Conflict of Laws</i></a> (4th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199574711" title="Special:BookSources/9780199574711"><bdi>9780199574711</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Conflict+of+Laws&rft.pages=21&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780199574711&rft.au=Christopher+Clarkson+and+Jonathan+Hill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfWOcAQAAQBAJ%26q%3DEnglish%2Bconflict%2Bof%2Blaws%2Bproxy%2Bmarriages%26pg%3DPA21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALex+loci" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Starr Printing Co. v. Air Jamaica, 45 F.Supp.2d. 625 (1999 U.S. Dist.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yourdictionary.com/lex-loci-delicti#law?direct_search_result=yes">Lex loci delicti</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rosen_2012_p._57-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rosen_2012_p._57_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rosen_2012_p._57_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRosen2012" class="citation book cs1">Rosen, Jan (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EuCx7saXmjwC&pg=PA57"><i>Individualism and Collectiveness in Intellectual Property Law</i></a>. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780857938978" title="Special:BookSources/9780857938978"><bdi>9780857938978</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Individualism+and+Collectiveness+in+Intellectual+Property+Law&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=Edward+Elgar+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780857938978&rft.aulast=Rosen&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEuCx7saXmjwC%26pg%3DPA57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALex+loci" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://definitions.uslegal.com/l/lex-loci-rei-sitae/">Lex Loci Rei Sitae Law and Legal Definition</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clickdocs.co.uk/glossary/locus-in-quo.htm">Clickdocs.com</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacklunch.net/Latin/L/locusinquo.html">Latin phrases site</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/locus+in+quo">Merriam-Webster dictionary</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.answers.com/topic/locus-in-quo">Answers.com</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091027092116/http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Hall/6670/glossary.html">Legal phrase web page</a>. (Technically, it was called Trespass <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">quare clausum fregit</i></span></i>, "Wherefore he broke the close".)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infoplease.com/dictionary/brewers/locus-quo.html">Infoplease.com</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartleby.com/81/10436.html">Bartleby's</a>, citing E. Cobham Brewer, Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (1898).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lex_loci&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2007:199:0040:0040:en:PDF">The Rome II Regulation</a>, relating to <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Lex loci protectionis</i></span></i></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lex_loci&oldid=1276140500#Lex_loci_rei_sitae">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lex_loci&oldid=1276140500#Lex_loci_rei_sitae</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Latin_legal_terminology" title="Category:Latin legal terminology">Latin legal terminology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conflict_of_laws" title="Category:Conflict of laws">Conflict of laws</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2013" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2013">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2013</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 February 2025, at 03:14<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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