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</ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roy_as_surveyor_and_soldier" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roy_as_surveyor_and_soldier"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Roy as surveyor and soldier</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Roy_as_surveyor_and_soldier-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Roy as surveyor and soldier subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Roy_as_surveyor_and_soldier-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_survey_of_Scotland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_survey_of_Scotland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>The survey of Scotland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_survey_of_Scotland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_appointments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_appointments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Military appointments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_appointments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Active_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Active_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Active service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Active_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surveyor-general" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surveyor-general"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Surveyor-general</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surveyor-general-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Anglo-French_survey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Anglo-French_survey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>The Anglo-French survey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Anglo-French_survey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roy's_scientific_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roy's_scientific_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Roy's scientific legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roy's_scientific_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roy_as_antiquary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roy_as_antiquary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Roy as antiquary</span> </div> </a> <ul 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<ul id="toc-Bibliography_and_general_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Roy's_major_scientific_papers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roy's_major_scientific_papers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Roy's major scientific papers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roy's_major_scientific_papers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roy's_historical_publication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roy's_historical_publication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Roy's historical publication</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roy's_historical_publication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roy's_maps_and_plans_(partial_list)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roy's_maps_and_plans_(partial_list)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Roy's maps and plans (partial list)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roy's_maps_and_plans_(partial_list)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Histories_of_the_Ordnance_Survey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Histories_of_the_Ordnance_Survey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Histories of the Ordnance Survey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Histories_of_the_Ordnance_Survey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>General references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Scottish military engineer, surveyor and antiquarian (1726–1790)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named William Roy, see <a href="/wiki/William_Roy_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="William Roy (disambiguation)">William Roy 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The survey linking Britain and France.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Copley_Medal" title="Copley Medal">Copley Medal</a> (1785)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Surveying" title="Surveying">Surveying</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Major-General" class="mw-redirect" title="Major-General">Major-General</a> <b>William Roy</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Society_of_Antiquaries_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London">FSA</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Edinburgh" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh">FRSE</a></span></span> (4 May 1726 – 1 July 1790) was a Scottish <a href="/wiki/Military_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Military engineer">military engineer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surveyor_(surveying)" class="mw-redirect" title="Surveyor (surveying)">surveyor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Antiquarian" title="Antiquarian">antiquarian</a>. He was an innovator who applied new scientific discoveries and newly emerging technologies to the accurate <a href="/wiki/Geodesy" title="Geodesy">geodetic</a> mapping of Great Britain. His masterpiece is usually referred to as <b>Roy's Map of Scotland</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was Roy's advocacy and leadership that led to the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey" title="Ordnance Survey">Ordnance Survey</a> in 1791, the year after his death. His technical work in the establishment of a <a href="/wiki/Baseline_(surveying)" title="Baseline (surveying)">surveying baseline</a> won him the <a href="/wiki/Copley_Medal" title="Copley Medal">Copley Medal</a> in 1785. His maps and drawings of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Roman</a> archaeological sites in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> were the first accurate and systematic study of the subject, and have not been improved upon even today. Roy was a fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> and a member of the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Antiquaries_of_London" title="Society of Antiquaries of London">Society of Antiquaries of London</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_works">Life and works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Roy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life_and_family">Early life and family</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Roy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life and family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Roy was born at Milton Head in <a href="/wiki/Carluke" title="Carluke">Carluke</a> parish in <a href="/wiki/South_Lanarkshire" title="South Lanarkshire">South Lanarkshire</a> on 4 May 1726.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father was a <a href="/wiki/Factor_(Scotland)" title="Factor (Scotland)">factor</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the service of the Gordons/Hamiltons of Hallcraig, as well as an elder of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Kirk</a>. His grandfather had held a similar position as factor, and his uncle acted in that capacity for the <a href="/wiki/Lockharts_of_Lee" title="Lockharts of Lee">Lockharts of Lee</a>. Thus Roy grew up in an environment where making land surveys and using maps was part of the daily business. He was educated in Carluke parish school and then <a href="/wiki/Lanark_Grammar_School" title="Lanark Grammar School">Lanark Grammar School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rankin_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rankin-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is no record of a further education such as that enjoyed by his younger brother James.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The next few years of his life are poorly documented. Owen and Pilbeam claim<sup id="cite_ref-owenpilbeam_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-owenpilbeam-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that "Some time after 1738 (when Roy was 12) he moved to <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a> and gained experience of surveying and making plans, probably as a civilian draughtsman at the office of the Board of Ordnance at <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Castle" title="Edinburgh Castle">Edinburgh Castle</a>." It is possible that he may have been employed there as a boy because it was normal procedure for the board to employ "cadets" aged ten or eleven who were trained to become civilian surveyors and draughtsmen. Roy was certainly associated with the board by 1746 (aged 20), for he was the author of an official map of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Culloden" title="Battle of Culloden">Culloden</a> made soon after the battle.<sup id="cite_ref-seymour_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seymour-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As an employee of the board he would have come to notice of Lieutenant-Colonel <a href="/wiki/David_Watson_(British_Army_officer)" title="David Watson (British Army officer)">David Watson</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deputy Quartermaster-General of the Military District of <a href="/wiki/North_Britain" title="North Britain">North Britain</a> for the board, whose headquarters was in Edinburgh. The terms of Roy's employment are unknown but must have some opportunity to undertake private surveys for he was reported as a respected land surveyor employed by the Callander family at their Craigforth estate near <a href="/wiki/Stirling" title="Stirling">Stirling</a> prior to his work for the military.<sup id="cite_ref-campbell_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-campbell-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Roy maintained his connections to his birthplace and the people living there. A servant for the Lockharts of Lee recalled his visits there over time, as his national reputation grew. She noted that at first he would dine in the servants hall, in later years he would dine with the family, and later still he would be seated at the right hand of the <a href="/wiki/Laird" title="Laird">Laird</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rankin_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rankin-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monument">Monument</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Roy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Monument"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Roy_Monument.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="William Roy Monument" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/William_Roy_Monument.jpg/100px-William_Roy_Monument.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/William_Roy_Monument.jpg/150px-William_Roy_Monument.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/William_Roy_Monument.jpg/199px-William_Roy_Monument.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>William Roy monument, Carluke</figcaption></figure> <p>There is a monument to William Roy at the location of his birthplace on Milton Road near <a href="/wiki/Carluke" title="Carluke">Carluke</a>. It is signposted from the junction of Lanark Road and Cartland Avenue. The monument is in the form of a Hotine<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pillar, a type of trig point. The inscription reads "Here stood Miltonhead the birthplace of Major-General William Roy 4th May 1726 - 30th June 1790 from whose military map of Scotland made in 1747 - 1755 grew the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Principal_sources">Principal sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Roy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Principal sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Lee (1885–1900) <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Dictionary of National Biography</a> (1900 edition).</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFClose1969">Close (1969)</a> The early years of the Ordnance Survey. First published in 1924. Includes some of Roy's letters.</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFHewitt2011">Hewitt (2011)</a> Map of a Nation: a biography of the Ordnance Survey.</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFOwenPilbeam1992">Owen & Pilbeam (1992)</a> Ordnance Survey, map makers to Britain since 1791. Available online.</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFSeymour1980">Seymour (1980)</a> A History of the Ordnance Survey. The <i>official</i> account. References to original papers. Available online.</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFPorter1889">Porter (1889)</a> History of the Corps of Royal Engineers. Available online.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Roy_as_surveyor_and_soldier">Roy as surveyor and soldier</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Roy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Roy as surveyor and soldier"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_survey_of_Scotland">The survey of Scotland <span class="anchor" id="The_Duke_of_Cumberland's_Map"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Roy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The survey of Scotland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mansewood1747-1755.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Mansewood1747-1755.jpg/350px-Mansewood1747-1755.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Mansewood1747-1755.jpg/525px-Mansewood1747-1755.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Mansewood1747-1755.jpg/700px-Mansewood1747-1755.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Detail (Pollokshaws, now in Glasgow) from a map in Roy's Military Survey of Scotland.<sup id="cite_ref-roymap_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roymap-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1747 Lieutenant-Colonel David Watson, Deputy Quartermaster-General, proposed the compilation of a map of the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Highlands" title="Scottish Highlands">Scottish Highlands</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Jacobite_rising_of_1745" title="Jacobite rising of 1745">Jacobite rising of 1745</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response, King <a href="/wiki/George_II_of_Great_Britain" title="George II of Great Britain">George II</a> commissioned a military survey of the Highlands, and Watson was placed in charge, under the command of the <a href="/wiki/Prince_William,_Duke_of_Cumberland" title="Prince William, Duke of Cumberland">Duke of Cumberland</a>, but it fell to Roy "to begin, and afterwards to have a considerable share in, the execution of that map",<sup id="cite_ref-roy85quote_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roy85quote-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> now known as <i>The Duke of Cumberland's Map</i>. </p><p>Roy was without any military rank at this time<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but Watson appointed him as an assistant to the quartermaster to provide him some seniority over the group of (typically) six soldiers who travelled with him: an NCO, two end markers, two chainmen and a batman.<sup id="cite_ref-owenpilbeam_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-owenpilbeam-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1749 he was joined by another five junior surveyors for various periods of time: notable among these young assistants were <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sandby" title="Paul Sandby">Paul Sandby</a> (born 1731), later renowned for his watercolour landscapes, and a seventeen-year-old <a href="/wiki/David_Dundas_(British_Army_officer)" title="David Dundas (British Army officer)">David Dundas</a> (born 1735), later Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eventually there were six teams conducting surveys by traverses of the country with the objects to the side of the line recorded by sketches and compass directions. The Highlands were covered by 1752, but the survey was extended to the lowlands for another three years, until 1755, when most of the engineer surveyors were posted to war stations. In the introduction to the 1885 account of the measurement of the Hounslow baseline Roy writes that the map remained "in an unfinished state ... and is to be considered as a magnificent military sketch rather than a very accurate map of a country ... (and) it would have been completed, and many of its imperfections no doubt remedied, but for the breaking out of war in 1755."<sup id="cite_ref-roy85quote_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roy85quote-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The eighty-four original field sheets and the thirty-eight divisions of the "fair-protraction"are held in the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a> together with a small index map and a reduced map of the whole country in a single sheet published as "the King's map". It is now possible to view the map online.<sup id="cite_ref-roymap_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roymap-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_appointments">Military appointments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Roy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Military appointments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Throughout the Survey of Scotland, Roy was a civilian assistant to David Watson the deputy quartermaster-general, but in 1755 the survey was terminated by the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a> with France and the consequent redeployment of personnel to more pressing posts in both the regular army and the <a href="/wiki/Board_of_Ordnance" title="Board of Ordnance">Board of Ordnance</a>. In the same year the engineers of the board were formed into the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Engineers" title="Royal Engineers">Corps of Engineers</a>. The board officers were members of both structures, for they would be deployed with the army regiments for specialist duties. </p><p>In 1776 Roy was commissioned as a lieutenant in the <a href="/wiki/53rd_Foot" class="mw-redirect" title="53rd Foot">53rd Foot</a>, a new regiment formed in 1755. At the same time he was appointed as a practitioner-engineer, the lowest rank in the Board of Ordnance survey department, and ensign in the Corps of Engineers.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thereafter Roy was promoted steadily, and rapidly, in both structures, but his army rank was always greater than his board rank. For example, he was lieutenant-colonel in the army by 1762 and director and lieutenant-colonel of the Engineers in 1783. He is best known by his army rank of major-general, which he attained in 1781.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1786 to his death in 1790, Roy held the position of Colonel of the <a href="/wiki/30th_(Cambridgeshire)_Regiment_of_Foot" title="30th (Cambridgeshire) Regiment of Foot">30th (Cambridgeshire) Regiment of Foot</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-regts_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-regts-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Active_service">Active service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Roy&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Active service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the termination of the Scottish survey Roy, now under the jurisdiction of two military bodies, was posted in 1756 to the South of England where he was engaged, together with Watson and Dundas, in inspecting the readiness of coastal military installations in preparation for an expected French invasion. This work involved Roy in the production of plans of fortifications and rough maps of stretches of the south coast: examples are a sketch of the country from Gloucester to Pembroke, with Milford Haven and a sketch of the country betwixt Guildford and Canterbury. These sketches are preserved in the <a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a>. </p><p>By 1757 Roy was with his regiment in France for the Rochefort expedition and then in Germany for the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Minden" title="Battle of Minden">Battle of Minden</a> in 1759. His technical abilities and willingness to innovate brought him to the favourable attention of his commanders. Preparatory to the battle, the various military engineers made drawings of each step of the coming battle, with each step drawn on a different sheet of paper. The commander could then study the course of the battle before it occurred, going from one sheet to the next. Lieutenant Roy, however, made his drawings on a single sheet with coordinated and accurate overlays, so that the commander could more easily study the course of the battle by examining a single sheet of paper. The commander's comprehension was greatly facilitated, and Roy's methodology was soon adopted as an advancement in military science.<sup id="cite_ref-campbell_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-campbell-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thereafter his promotion was rapid, and by the end of the war in 1763 Roy was a lieutenant colonel in the regiment and director of the engineers of the Board of Ordnance as well as being the deputy quartermaster general for Germany. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Surveyor-general">Surveyor-general</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Roy&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Surveyor-general"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Major-general-william-roy_blue_plaque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Major-general-william-roy_blue_plaque.jpg/220px-Major-general-william-roy_blue_plaque.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Major-general-william-roy_blue_plaque.jpg/330px-Major-general-william-roy_blue_plaque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Major-general-william-roy_blue_plaque.jpg/440px-Major-general-william-roy_blue_plaque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Blue plaque at Roy's London home, 10 <a href="/wiki/Argyll_Street" title="Argyll Street">Argyll Street</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>At the conclusion of the war in 1763 Roy returned to London, where he was based for the rest of his life. The threatened French invasion of the south coast had never materialised, but he felt strongly that the reconnaissances he had made with Watson at the outbreak of the war should be extended to a national survey, not just of the vulnerable south but the whole of the British Isles. He never ceased to champion this cause, but the expense of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a> and then the <a href="/wiki/American_War_of_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="American War of Independence">American War of Independence</a> excluded any expenditure on trigonometrical surveys for another twenty years. </p><p>In 1765 he was appointed surveyor-general under a royal warrant which directed him "to inspect, survey and make reports from time to time of the state of the coasts of this Kingdom and the islands thereunto belonging." This work, which took him to many parts of Britain and abroad (Ireland and <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>), is recorded in the many plans and sketch maps of districts that are now lodged at the <a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a>. </p><p>Despite the travel Roy was able to enter fully into the intellectual life of London, and in 1767 he became a fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a>. The only paper he read before the society was in 1783 on <i>Rules for measuring heights with a barometer</i>. Roy was promoted to colonel in 1777, and to major-general in 1781. He was in charge of the departments of the Quartermaster-General and Chief Engineer in 1782, and in 1783 became the director of Royal Engineers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Anglo-French_survey">The Anglo-French survey</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Roy&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: The Anglo-French survey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Anglo-French_Survey_(1784%E2%80%931790)" title="Anglo-French Survey (1784–1790)">Anglo-French Survey (1784–1790)</a></div> <p>Late in life, when he was 57, Roy was granted the opportunity to establish his lasting reputation in the world of geodesy. The opening came from a completely unexpected direction. In 1783 <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar-Fran%C3%A7ois_Cassini_de_Thury" title="César-François Cassini de Thury">Cassini de Thury</a> addressed a memoir to the Royal Society in which he expressed grave reservations of the measurements of latitude and longitude which had been undertaken at <a href="/wiki/Royal_Greenwich_Observatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Greenwich Observatory">Greenwich Observatory</a>. He suggested that the correct values might be found by combining the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Observatory" title="Paris Observatory">Paris Observatory</a> figures with a precise <a href="/w/index.php?title=Triangulation_(survey)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triangulation (survey) (page does not exist)">triangulation (survey)</a> between the two observatories.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sir <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Banks" title="Joseph Banks">Joseph Banks</a>, president of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a>, proposed that Roy should lead the project. Roy accepted with enthusiasm for he saw that apart from the specific measurements proposed the survey could be the first step towards the national survey that he had advocated so often. The whole project is described by Roy in three major contributions to the <a href="/wiki/Philosophical_Transactions_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society">Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society</a> in 1785,<sup id="cite_ref-roy1785_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roy1785-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1787<sup id="cite_ref-roy1787_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roy1787-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 1790.<sup id="cite_ref-roy1790_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roy1790-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are shorter accounts of the project in the <i>History of the Royal Engineers</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the records of the Royal Society<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in every history of the Ordnance Survey.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cannon_in_Roy_Grove_Hampton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Cannon_in_Roy_Grove_Hampton.jpg/220px-Cannon_in_Roy_Grove_Hampton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Cannon_in_Roy_Grove_Hampton.jpg/330px-Cannon_in_Roy_Grove_Hampton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Cannon_in_Roy_Grove_Hampton.jpg/440px-Cannon_in_Roy_Grove_Hampton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Cannon in Roy Grove, Hampton marking the Hampton end of the first baseline of the triangulation of Great Britain</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RoyNorth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/RoyNorth.jpg/220px-RoyNorth.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/RoyNorth.jpg/330px-RoyNorth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/RoyNorth.jpg/440px-RoyNorth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Cannon near Heathrow Airport Northern Perimeter Road, marking the northern end of the baseline</figcaption></figure> <p>After a preliminary survey by Roy and three other members of the Society on 16 April, they found a suitable location for the starting <a href="/wiki/Baseline_(surveying)" title="Baseline (surveying)">baseline</a> on <a href="/wiki/Hounslow" title="Hounslow">Hounslow Heath</a>, between King's Arbour and <a href="/wiki/Hampton,_London" title="Hampton, London">Hampton</a> Poor-house just over 5 miles to the south-east. A preliminary measurement of the line was carried out with a steel chain prepared by <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Ramsden" title="Jesse Ramsden">Jesse Ramsden</a>. It was the intention to measure more accurately with a set of three deal rods about 20 ft. in length but their use had to be abandoned because of their susceptibility to lengthen and shorten in wet weather. The deal rods were replaced by one-inch-thick glass tubes of the same length. The final measurement gives the length of the base as 27404.7 ft. to an accuracy of about 3 inches in 5 miles (or about 1/100,000). The precision of this baseline measurement far exceeded any previous attempts, and in recognition Roy was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Copley_medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Copley medal">Copley medal</a> by the Royal Society in 1785. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anglo-French_survey_of_1784-1790_Proposed_mesh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Anglo-French_survey_of_1784-1790_Proposed_mesh.jpg/800px-Anglo-French_survey_of_1784-1790_Proposed_mesh.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="423" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Anglo-French_survey_of_1784-1790_Proposed_mesh.jpg/1200px-Anglo-French_survey_of_1784-1790_Proposed_mesh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Anglo-French_survey_of_1784-1790_Proposed_mesh.jpg/1600px-Anglo-French_survey_of_1784-1790_Proposed_mesh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3104" data-file-height="1643" /></a><figcaption>The proposed triangulation mesh of the Anglo-French survey 1784–1790.<sup id="cite_ref-roy1787_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roy1787-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the actual mesh used see <a href="/wiki/File:Anglo-French_survey_of_1784-1790.jpg" title="File:Anglo-French survey of 1784-1790.jpg">File:Anglo-French survey of 1784-1790.jpg</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The triangulation itself was delayed until 1787 when Ramsden supplied a <a href="/wiki/Ramsden_surveying_instruments" title="Ramsden surveying instruments">new theodolite</a> of unsurpassed accuracy: it could measure angles to within one arc second and therefore detect the curvature of the Earth by measuring the <a href="/wiki/Spherical_trigonometry#Area_and_spherical_excess" title="Spherical trigonometry">spherical excess</a> of the triangles of the survey. By the end of that year he had completed measurements at all but two of the trigonometric stations. Many of the measurements, particularly the cross channel sightings, were taken at night using intense flares (handled by the artillery). Others required the placing of the instrument on church towers, or even on scaffolded steeples, and in their absence it was sometimes necessary to use a specially constructed portable tower some 30 feet high. </p><p>The final report of 1790<sup id="cite_ref-roy1790_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roy1790-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> presents figures for the distance between Paris and Greenwich as well as the precise latitude, longitude and height of the British triangulation stations. Throughout the survey Roy took every opportunity to fix the position of as many landmarks as possible and these formed the basis of the <a href="/wiki/Topography" title="Topography">topographic</a> surveys from which new maps could be prepared. Roy died when only three pages of his final report remained to be proofed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roy's_scientific_legacy"><span id="Roy.27s_scientific_legacy"></span>Roy's scientific legacy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Roy&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Roy's scientific legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Roy's use of scientific advancements and accurate mathematical formulae paved the way for modern geodesic surveying. His tenure and his work are the dividing line between older, approximate mappings and newer, highly accurate ones in Britain. He is cited repeatedly in early nineteenth-century mathematics textbooks for his use of <a href="/wiki/Spherical_trigonometry" title="Spherical trigonometry">spherical trigonometry</a> in surveying.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early twentieth-century technical books on modern surveying and <a href="/wiki/Geodesy" title="Geodesy">geodesy</a> include Roy's work as the historical starting point for the modern profession.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perhaps his greatest legacy of all was the work of the <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey" title="Ordnance Survey">Ordnance Survey</a> which commenced in 1791, one year after his death, by extending the basic <a href="/wiki/Anglo-French_Survey_(1784%E2%80%931790)" title="Anglo-French Survey (1784–1790)">Anglo-French Survey (1784–1790)</a> to the rest of Great Britain over the following sixty years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Roy_as_antiquary">Roy as antiquary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Roy&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Roy as antiquary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rough.Castle.Antonine.Wall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Rough.Castle.Antonine.Wall.jpg/290px-Rough.Castle.Antonine.Wall.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Rough.Castle.Antonine.Wall.jpg/435px-Rough.Castle.Antonine.Wall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Rough.Castle.Antonine.Wall.jpg/580px-Rough.Castle.Antonine.Wall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="985" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rough_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Rough Castle">Rough Castle</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Antonine_Wall" title="Antonine Wall">Antonine Wall</a>, drawn by William Roy in 1755.</figcaption></figure> <p>During the Scottish Survey, Roy took careful note of the locations of ancient <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Roman</a> remains, primarily military camps, wherever he encountered them and these were all marked precisely on the map sheets. This was the beginning of a lifelong interest in ancient Scottish history which he pursued whenever he was travelling the country in his capacity as Surveyor General.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roy's maps and his drawings of the relics of the Roman presence in Scotland were immediately seen as credible and valuable. For sites where the Roman remains were later destroyed by human development, his drawings are the only reliable record of their existence. Roy was the first to systematically map the <a href="/wiki/Antonine_Wall" title="Antonine Wall">Antonine Wall</a> and provide accurate and detailed drawings of its remains, an effort undertaken in 1764.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Roy's only historical work, <i>Military Antiquities of the Romans in Britain</i> was published posthumously in 1793.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This book has a mixed reputation. His drawings and maps are held in the highest regard as still-valuable research sources. However, his efforts in the scholarly discussion of history are widely held to be without value, largely through no fault of his own. This was due to his belief that the spurious text of Charles Bertram <i><a href="/wiki/De_Situ_Britanniae" class="mw-redirect" title="De Situ Britanniae">De Situ Britanniae</a></i> was a genuine work, a view shared by virtually all of his contemporaries. Roy consequently adjusted his perspective to be consistent with the history as told in the fraud, causing his own conclusions to be without a valid foundation. Much of Roy's research was devoted to the attempt to follow fictitious journeys throughout Scotland that were described in <i>De Situ Britanniae</i>. </p><p>That Roy's considerable talents were partially wasted is a tragedy. He was a Scot with a lifelong interest in ancient Scottish history, and his technical ability and scientific knowledge made him uniquely qualified to provide information in an area of history where knowledge and understanding are minimal. That loss for Scottish history has been bemoaned by Scottish historians. In his introduction to <i>Celtic Scotland</i>, <a href="/wiki/William_Forbes_Skene" title="William Forbes Skene">Skene</a> deprecates those historical works based on <i>De Situ</i>, including Roy's, but adds for him alone the comment that " ... perhaps more to be regretted, the valuable work of General Roy ..."<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Roy&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist 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href="http://maps.nls.uk/geo/roy/#zoom=7&lat=56.8860&lon=-4.0709&layers=roy-highlands">Roy Military Survey of Scotland, 1747-55 (Highlands)</a>, Explore georeferenced maps (<a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Scotland" title="National Library of Scotland">National Library of Scotland</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maps.nls.uk/geo/roy/#zoom=8&lat=55.7761&lon=-3.9418&layers=roy-lowlands">Roy Military Survey of Scotland, 1747-55 (Lowlands)</a>, Explore georeferenced maps (<a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Scotland" title="National Library of Scotland">National Library of Scotland</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output 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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGardiner1977" class="citation journal cs1">Gardiner, R. A. (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/634712">"William Roy, Surveyor and Antiquary"</a>. <i>The Geographical Journal</i>. <b>143</b> (3): 439–450. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F634712">10.2307/634712</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0016-7398">0016-7398</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/634712">634712</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Geographical+Journal&rft.atitle=William+Roy%2C+Surveyor+and+Antiquary&rft.volume=143&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=439-450&rft.date=1977&rft.issn=0016-7398&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F634712%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F634712&rft.aulast=Gardiner&rft.aufirst=R.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F634712&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Roy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVetch1897">Vetch 1897</a>, p. 371</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A <i>factor</i> in Scotland is a representative of a landowner with the responsibilities of an estate manager.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rankin-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rankin_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rankin_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="#CITEREFRankin1874">Rankin 1874</a> The Parish of Carluke, 1288 –1874</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James Roy had held the bursary in the Grammar School and College of Glasgow, took a Master of Arts after studies in the Languages and Philosophy, was licensed by the Presbytery of Glasgow, and held several other notable positions before his untimely death in 1767, at the age of 37.(<a href="#CITEREFRankin1874">Rankin 1874</a>) </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-owenpilbeam-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-owenpilbeam_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-owenpilbeam_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="#CITEREFOwenPilbeam1992">Owen & Pilbeam (1992)</a> Ordnance Survey, map makers to Britain since 1791, Chapter 1, pages 3–11 is devoted to Roy.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-seymour-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-seymour_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="#CITEREFSeymour1980">Seymour 1980</a> A History of the Ordnance Survey. The material on Roy is in pages 3–9 for the Military Survey, pages13–18 for the Hounslow base, pages 33–37 for the calculation of the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-French_Survey_(1784%E2%80%931790)" title="Anglo-French Survey (1784–1790)">Anglo-French Survey</a> and pages 363–365 for his Instructions to Surveyors.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVetch1899">Vetch 1899</a>, p. 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-campbell-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-campbell_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-campbell_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="#CITEREFCampbell1832">Campbell 1832</a>:32 <i>Memoirs of James Campbell of Ardkinglass</i>,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://trigpointing.uk/wiki/Pillar">"Pillar - TrigpointingUK"</a>. <i>trigpointing.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=trigpointing.uk&rft.atitle=Pillar+-+TrigpointingUK&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftrigpointing.uk%2Fwiki%2FPillar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Roy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-roymap-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-roymap_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-roymap_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maps.nls.uk/roy/index.html">Roy's map</a> is held in the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a> but it is available online by courtesy of the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Scotland" title="National Library of Scotland">National Library of Scotland</a>. The index page links to several views of the map including one in which it can be superimposed on the modern map.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPorter1889">Porter 1889</a> <i>History of the Royal Engineers</i>, Vol. I, Chapter 8, pp. 167–199 covers the period 1743–1763. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-roy85quote-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-roy85quote_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-roy85quote_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Quotation from <a href="#CITEREFRoy1785">Roy (1785)</a>, The account of the Hounslow baseline</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Some sources wrongly attribute military rank or regiment to Roy in 1746: the obituary of <a href="#CITEREFBurke1793">Burke (1793)</a>, page 212, states that Roy held the rank of colonel of artillery; a book by <a href="#CITEREFIrving1885">Irving (1885)</a>, page 242, also has him as an army Colonel. Neither was Roy the nephew of David Watson as claimed by <a href="#CITEREFPorter1889">Porter (1889)</a> in Volume 2 (page 229) of his history; Porter also quotes General Wolfe for the same error (page 388). <a href="#CITEREFRankin1874">Rankin (1874)</a> has him a Deputy Quartermaster General of the Survey in 1746.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStephens1888">Stephens 1888</a>, pp. 184–185</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="#CITEREFPorter1889">Porter 1889</a> <i>History of the Royal Engineers</i>, vol. II, Part 2, Chapter 1, pp. 88–100 covers the structure of the Board of Ordnance.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="#CITEREFAnderson2010">Anderson 2010</a>, Chapter 3, gives full details of the structure of the Board of Ordnance at the time of Roy. This thesis also contains many excellent images of maps and plans from the survey in the period.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="#CITEREFClose1969">Close 1969</a>, p. 4, and <a href="#CITEREFRankin1874">Rankin (1874)</a>, online, give a details of Roy's promotions.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-regts-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-regts_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071219004434/http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/inf/030-689.htm">"30th (Cambridgeshire) Regiment of Foot"</a>. <i>Regiments.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/inf/030-689.htm">the original</a> on 19 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Regiments.org&rft.atitle=30th+%28Cambridgeshire%29+Regiment+of+Foot&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.regiments.org%2Fregiments%2Fuk%2Finf%2F030-689.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Roy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="#CITEREFMaskelyne1787">Maskelyne 1787</a> includes Cassini's memoir (in French) and his rebuttal.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-roy1785-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-roy1785_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoy1785">Roy 1785</a> The measurement of the Hounslow baseline.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-roy1787-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-roy1787_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-roy1787_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoy1787">Roy 1787</a> Proposals for the triangulation</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-roy1790-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-roy1790_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-roy1790_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoy1790">Roy 1790</a> Account of the triangulation and the calculations involved.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="#CITEREFPorter1889">Porter (1889)</a> <i>History of the Corps of Royal Engineers</i> Part III, Chapter II, pages 228–255.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="#CITEREFMartinMcConnell2008">Martin & McConnell 2008</a> Notes and Records of the Royal Society</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> For the history of the Ordnance Survey see <a href="#CITEREFSeymour1980">Seymour (1980)</a>, <a href="#CITEREFOwenPilbeam1992">Owen & Pilbeam (1992)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="#CITEREFHutton1831">Hutton 1831</a>:26–98 <i>A Course of Mathematics</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/acoursemathemat01unkngoog/page/n35">Spherical Trigonometry</a>, for example.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPopplewell1915">Popplewell 1915</a>:170–71 <i>The Elements of Surveying and Geodesy</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/elementssurveyi00poppgoog/page/n185">Geodetic or Trigonometrical Surveying</a>, for example.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSeymour1980">Seymour (1980)</a> p62(true),76(pdf).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="#CITEREFHübner1886">Hübner 1886</a>:111 <i>Archaeologia Aeliana</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4_4RAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA82">The Roman Annexation of Britain</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoy1790b">Roy (1790b)</a>, <i>Military Antiquities of the Romans in Britain.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkene1886">Skene 1886</a>:22 <i>Celtic Scotland</i>, Introduction, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/celticscotlanda00skengoog/page/n46">Notation of Spurious Authorities</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography_and_general_references">Bibliography and general references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Roy&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Bibliography and general references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roy's_major_scientific_papers"><span id="Roy.27s_major_scientific_papers"></span>Roy's major scientific papers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Roy&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Roy's major scientific papers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoy1777" class="citation journal cs1">Roy, William (1777). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/philtrans00907249/00907249#page/n0/mode/2up">"Experiments and Observations Made in Britain, in Order to Obtain a Rule for Measuring Heights with the Barometer"</a>. <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London</i>. <b>67</b>: 653–787. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frstl.1777.0035">10.1098/rstl.1777.0035</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:186209787">186209787</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Transactions+of+the+Royal+Society+of+London&rft.atitle=Experiments+and+Observations+Made+in+Britain%2C+in+Order+to+Obtain+a+Rule+for+Measuring+Heights+with+the+Barometer&rft.volume=67&rft.pages=653-787&rft.date=1777&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frstl.1777.0035&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A186209787%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fphiltrans00907249%2F00907249%23page%2Fn0%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Roy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoy1785" class="citation journal cs1">Roy, William (1785). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/philtrans01222507">"An Account of the Measurement of a Base on Hounslow-Heath"</a>. <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London</i>. <b>75</b>: 385–480. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frstl.1785.0024">10.1098/rstl.1785.0024</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Transactions+of+the+Royal+Society+of+London&rft.atitle=An+Account+of+the+Measurement+of+a+Base+on+Hounslow-Heath&rft.volume=75&rft.pages=385-480&rft.date=1785&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frstl.1785.0024&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fphiltrans01222507&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Roy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoy1787" class="citation journal cs1">Roy, William (1787). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/philtrans08537735">"An Account of the Mode Proposed to be Followed in Determining the Relative Situation of the Royal Observatories of Greenwich and Paris"</a>. <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London</i>. <b>77</b>: 188–226. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frstl.1787.0019">10.1098/rstl.1787.0019</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:186214773">186214773</a>. Plates follow text</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Transactions+of+the+Royal+Society+of+London&rft.atitle=An+Account+of+the+Mode+Proposed+to+be+Followed+in+Determining+the+Relative+Situation+of+the+Royal+Observatories+of+Greenwich+and+Paris&rft.volume=77&rft.pages=188-226&rft.date=1787&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frstl.1787.0019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A186214773%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fphiltrans08537735&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Roy" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: postscript (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_postscript" title="Category:CS1 maint: postscript">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoy1790" class="citation journal cs1">Roy, William (1790). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/philtrans00940584/00940584#page/n0/mode/2up">"An Account of the Trigonometrical Operation, Whereby the Distance between the Meridians of the Royal Observatories of Greenwich and Paris Has Been Determined"</a>. <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London</i>. <b>80</b>: 111–254. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frstl.1790.0015">10.1098/rstl.1790.0015</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:186211548">186211548</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Transactions+of+the+Royal+Society+of+London&rft.atitle=An+Account+of+the+Trigonometrical+Operation%2C+Whereby+the+Distance+between+the+Meridians+of+the+Royal+Observatories+of+Greenwich+and+Paris+Has+Been+Determined&rft.volume=80&rft.pages=111-254&rft.date=1790&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frstl.1790.0015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A186211548%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fphiltrans00940584%2F00940584%23page%2Fn0%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Roy" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roy's_historical_publication"><span id="Roy.27s_historical_publication"></span>Roy's historical publication</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Roy&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Roy's historical publication"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoy1790b" class="citation cs2"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Roy, William</a> (1790b), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090426125737/http://www.nls.uk/maps/roy/antiquities/"><i>Military Antiquities of the Romans in North Britain</i></a>, London: The Society of Antiquities of London (published 1793), archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nls.uk/maps/roy/antiquities/">the original</a> on 26 April 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Military+Antiquities+of+the+Romans+in+North+Britain&rft.place=London&rft.pub=The+Society+of+Antiquities+of+London&rft.date=1790&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nls.uk%2Fmaps%2Froy%2Fantiquities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Roy" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roy's_maps_and_plans_(partial_list)"><span id="Roy.27s_maps_and_plans_.28partial_list.29"></span>Roy's maps and plans (partial list)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Roy&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Roy's maps and plans (partial list)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The British Library holds a large collection of Roy's works (at Maps K.Top.48.25-1.a-f.); plans of Roman camps, plans of fortifications and maps of surveys conducted by himself are others. All of these works show Roy to have been an exceptionally neat and capable draughtsman. The principal items include </p> <ul><li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maps.nls.uk/roy/index.html">Military Survey of Scotland, 1747–1755</a></i>,</li> <li><i>The Duke of Cumberland's Map</i> (1747),</li> <li><i>A General Description of the South Part of Ireland, or Observations during a Short Tour in Ireland</i> (1766),</li> <li><i>Roman Post at Ardoch</i>, <i>Roman Camp, Dalginross, Genearn</i>, <i>Roman Temple at Netherby, Cumberland</i>, <i>Stratgeth Roman Post, near Innerpeffrey, Strathearn</i>,</li> <li><i>Culloden House</i>, <i>Esk River</i>, <i>Kent, New Romney to North Foreland</i>, <i>Louisbourg</i>, <i>Milford Haven</i>, <i>Coast of Sussex</i>, <i>Southeast part of England</i>, <i>Country between Guildford and Canterbury</i>, <i>Hindhead to Cocking</i>, <i>Lewes Road from Croydon to Chailey</i>, <i>Country from Dorchester to Salisbury</i>, <i>Country from Gloucester to Pembroke</i>, <i>Marden Castle, near Dorchester</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Histories_of_the_Ordnance_Survey">Histories of the Ordnance Survey</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Roy&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Histories of the Ordnance Survey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClose1969" class="citation book cs1">Close, Charles (1969). <i>The Early Years of the Ordnance Survey</i>. David and Charles. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0715344774" title="Special:BookSources/978-0715344774"><bdi>978-0715344774</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/752917465">752917465</a>. This is a reprint (with a new introduction by J.B. Harley) of a book published in 1924. The author changed his name to Arden-Close at a later date.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Years+of+the+Ordnance+Survey&rft.pub=David+and+Charles&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F752917465&rft.isbn=978-0715344774&rft.aulast=Close&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Roy" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: postscript (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_postscript" title="Category:CS1 maint: postscript">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHewitt2011" class="citation book cs1">Hewitt, Rachel (2011). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mapofnationbiogr0000hewi"><i>Map of a Nation: a biography of the Ordnance Survey</i></a></span>. Granta Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84708-254-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84708-254-1"><bdi>978-1-84708-254-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Map+of+a+Nation%3A+a+biography+of+the+Ordnance+Survey&rft.pub=Granta+Books&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-84708-254-1&rft.aulast=Hewitt&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmapofnationbiogr0000hewi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Roy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOwenPilbeam1992" class="citation book cs1">Owen, Tim; Pilbeam, Elaine (1992). <i>Ordnance Survey, map makers to Britain since 1791</i>. Southampton: Ordnance Survey (HMSO). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780319002490" title="Special:BookSources/9780319002490"><bdi>9780319002490</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/28220563">28220563</a>. Freely available online at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/docs/ebooks/map-makers-to-britain-since-1791/index.html">Ordnance Survew, Owen and Pilbeam</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ordnance+Survey%2C+map+makers+to+Britain+since+1791&rft.place=Southampton&rft.pub=Ordnance+Survey+%28HMSO%29&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F28220563&rft.isbn=9780319002490&rft.aulast=Owen&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.au=Pilbeam%2C+Elaine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Roy" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">External link in <code class="cs1-code"><code class="cs1-code">|postscript=</code></code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#param_has_ext_link" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: postscript (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_postscript" title="Category:CS1 maint: postscript">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeymour1980" class="citation book cs1">Seymour, W. A., ed. (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PWkKAQAAIAAJ"><i>A History of the Ordnance Survey</i></a>. Folkestone, England: Dawson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7129-0979-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7129-0979-2"><bdi>978-0-7129-0979-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/654935343">654935343</a>. Freely available online at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/oswebsite/docs/ebooks/a-history-of-the-ordnance-survey/index.html">Ordnance Survey, Seymour</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Ordnance+Survey&rft.place=Folkestone%2C+England&rft.pub=Dawson&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F654935343&rft.isbn=978-0-7129-0979-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPWkKAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Roy" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">External link in <code class="cs1-code"><code class="cs1-code">|postscript=</code></code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#param_has_ext_link" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: postscript (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_postscript" title="Category:CS1 maint: postscript">link</a>)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_references">General references</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Roy&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: General references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2010" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, Carolyn J. (2010). <i>Constructing the military landscape: the Board of Ordnance maps and plans of Scotland, 1689–1815</i>. Edinburgh Research Archive. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1842%2F4598">1842/4598</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constructing+the+military+landscape%3A+the+Board+of+Ordnance+maps+and+plans+of+Scotland%2C+1689%E2%80%931815&rft.pub=Edinburgh+Research+Archive&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1842%2F4598&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Carolyn+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Roy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurke1793" class="citation cs2">Burke, Edmund, ed. (1793), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fNoLAAAAYAAJ"><i>The Annual Register For the Year 1790</i></a>, London: J. Dodsley, p. 212</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Annual+Register+For+the+Year+1790&rft.place=London&rft.pages=212&rft.pub=J.+Dodsley&rft.date=1793&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfNoLAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Roy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell1832" class="citation cs2">Campbell, James (1832), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XxyNAIXSraoC&pg=PA32"><i>Memoirs of Sir James Campbell of Ardkinglas</i></a>, vol. I, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, pp. 32–34</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memoirs+of+Sir+James+Campbell+of+Ardkinglas&rft.place=London&rft.pages=32-34&rft.pub=Henry+Colburn+and+Richard+Bentley&rft.date=1832&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXxyNAIXSraoC%26pg%3DPA32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Roy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHutton1831" class="citation cs2">Hutton, Charles (1831), Gregory, Olinthus; Adrain, Robert (eds.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Gw44AAAAMAAJ"><i>A Course of Mathematics</i></a>, vol. II (5th American ed.), New York: T. and J. Swords, pp. 26–98</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Course+of+Mathematics&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=26-98&rft.edition=5th+American&rft.pub=T.+and+J.+Swords&rft.date=1831&rft.aulast=Hutton&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGw44AAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Roy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHübner1886" class="citation cs2">Hübner, Emil (1886), "The Roman Annexation of Britain", in Hodgkin, Thomas (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4_4RAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA82"><i>Archaeologia Aeliana</i></a>, New, vol. XI, Newcastle upon Tyne: Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne, pp. 82–116</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Roman+Annexation+of+Britain&rft.btitle=Archaeologia+Aeliana&rft.place=Newcastle+upon+Tyne&rft.series=New&rft.pages=82-116&rft.pub=Society+of+Antiquaries+of+Newcastle+upon+Tyne&rft.date=1886&rft.aulast=H%C3%BCbner&rft.aufirst=Emil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4_4RAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA82&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Roy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIrving1885" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Irving" title="Joseph Irving">Irving, Joseph</a> (1885), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GRgQAAAAYAAJ"><i>The West of Scotland in History</i></a>, Glasgow: Robert Forster, pp. 242–50</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+West+of+Scotland+in+History&rft.place=Glasgow&rft.pages=242-50&rft.pub=Robert+Forster&rft.date=1885&rft.aulast=Irving&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGRgQAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Roy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartinMcConnell2008" class="citation journal cs1">Martin, Jean-Pierre; McConnell, Anita (2008). "Joining the observatories of Paris and Greenwich". <i>Notes and Records of the Royal Society</i>. <b>62</b> (4): 355–372. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsnr.2008.0029">10.1098/rsnr.2008.0029</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143514819">143514819</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Notes+and+Records+of+the+Royal+Society&rft.atitle=Joining+the+observatories+of+Paris+and+Greenwich&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=355-372&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsnr.2008.0029&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143514819%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Jean-Pierre&rft.au=McConnell%2C+Anita&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Roy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaskelyne1787" class="citation journal cs2">Maskelyne, Nevil (1787), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/philtrans05243850">"Concerning the Latitude and Longitude of the Royal Observatory at Greenwich; With Remarks on a Memorial of the Late M. Cassini de Thury"</a>, <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London</i>, <b>75</b>: 385–480, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frstl.1787.0018">10.1098/rstl.1787.0018</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:186209872">186209872</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Transactions+of+the+Royal+Society+of+London&rft.atitle=Concerning+the+Latitude+and+Longitude+of+the+Royal+Observatory+at+Greenwich%3B+With+Remarks+on+a+Memorial+of+the+Late+M.+Cassini+de+Thury&rft.volume=75&rft.pages=385-480&rft.date=1787&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frstl.1787.0018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A186209872%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Maskelyne&rft.aufirst=Nevil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fphiltrans05243850&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Roy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Donoghue1977" class="citation book cs2">O'Donoghue, Yolande (1977), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EnEFAAAAMAAJ"><i>William Roy 1726–1790. Pioneer Of The Ordnance Survey</i></a>, British Museum Publications, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7141-0387-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7141-0387-7"><bdi>978-0-7141-0387-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+Roy+1726%E2%80%931790.+Pioneer+Of+The+Ordnance+Survey&rft.pub=British+Museum+Publications&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-7141-0387-7&rft.aulast=O%27Donoghue&rft.aufirst=Yolande&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEnEFAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Roy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPopplewell1915" class="citation cs2">Popplewell, William Charles (1915), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wlZDAAAAIAAJ"><i>The Elements of Surveying and Geodesy</i></a>, Longmans, Green and Co: Longmans, Green and co., pp. 163–76</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Elements+of+Surveying+and+Geodesy&rft.place=Longmans%2C+Green+and+Co&rft.pages=163-76&rft.pub=Longmans%2C+Green+and+co.&rft.date=1915&rft.aulast=Popplewell&rft.aufirst=William+Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwlZDAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Roy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorter1889" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Whitworth_Porter" title="Whitworth Porter">Porter, Whitworth</a> (1889), <i>History of the Corps of Royal Engineers</i>, London: Longmans, Green, and Co. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/historycorpsroy01portgoog">Volume 1</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historycorpsroy00portgoog">Volume 2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Corps+of+Royal+Engineers&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Longmans%2C+Green%2C+and+Co&rft.date=1889&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Whitworth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Roy" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">External link in <code class="cs1-code"><code class="cs1-code">|postscript=</code></code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#param_has_ext_link" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: postscript (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_postscript" title="Category:CS1 maint: postscript">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRankin1874" class="citation cs2">Rankin, William (1874), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/noticeshistoric00unkngoog#page/n307/mode/2up"><i>Notices, Historical, Statistical and Biographical, Relating to the Parish of Carluke from 1288 till 1874</i></a>, Glasgow: W. Rankin, pp. 289–94. This short chapter is entitled "Major-Gen Wm. Roy, F.R.S, A.S"</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Notices%2C+Historical%2C+Statistical+and+Biographical%2C+Relating+to+the+Parish+of+Carluke+from+1288+till+1874&rft.place=Glasgow&rft.pages=289-94&rft.pub=W.+Rankin&rft.date=1874&rft.aulast=Rankin&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fnoticeshistoric00unkngoog%23page%2Fn307%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Roy" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: postscript (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_postscript" title="Category:CS1 maint: postscript">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkene1886" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/William_Forbes_Skene" title="William Forbes Skene">Skene, William Forbes</a> (1886), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_kcNAAAAIAAJ"><i>Celtic Scotland: A History of Ancient Alban (History and Ethnology)</i></a>, vol. I (2nd ed.), Edinburgh: David Douglas, pp. 22–23, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780836949766" title="Special:BookSources/9780836949766"><bdi>9780836949766</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Celtic+Scotland%3A+A+History+of+Ancient+Alban+%28History+and+Ethnology%29&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pages=22-23&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=David+Douglas&rft.date=1886&rft.isbn=9780836949766&rft.aulast=Skene&rft.aufirst=William+Forbes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_kcNAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Roy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephens1888" class="citation encyclopaedia cs2">Stephens, Henry Morse (1888), <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Dundas, David (1735-1820)"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Dundas,_David_(1735-1820)">"Dundas, David (1735–1820" </a></span>, in <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Stephen" title="Leslie Stephen">Stephen, Leslie</a> (ed.), <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Dictionary of National Biography</a></i>, vol. 16, London: Smith, Elder & Co, pp. 183–185)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dundas%2C+David+%281735%E2%80%931820&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.place=London&rft.pages=183-185%29&rft.pub=Smith%2C+Elder+%26+Co&rft.date=1888&rft.aulast=Stephens&rft.aufirst=Henry+Morse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Roy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFH.M.C.1883" class="citation cs2">H.M.C. (1883), "Maj.-Gen. William Roy, F.R.S. Colonel 30 foot", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/armyandnavymaga00rngoog/page/n170/mode/1up"><i>The Army and Navy Magazine</i></a>, vol. VI, London: W. H. Allen & Co, pp. 160–69</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Maj.-Gen.+William+Roy%2C+F.R.S.+Colonel+30+foot&rft.btitle=The+Army+and+Navy+Magazine&rft.place=London&rft.pages=160-69&rft.pub=W.+H.+Allen+%26+Co&rft.date=1883&rft.au=H.M.C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Farmyandnavymaga00rngoog%2Fpage%2Fn170%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Roy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVetch1897" class="citation encyclopaedia cs2"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hamilton_Vetch" title="Robert Hamilton Vetch">Vetch, Robert Hamilton</a> (1897), <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Roy, William (1726-1790)"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Roy,_William_(1726-1790)">"Roy, William (1726–1790)" </a></span>, in <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Lee" title="Sidney Lee">Lee, Sidney</a> (ed.), <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Dictionary of National Biography</a></i>, vol. 49, London: Smith, Elder & Co, pp. 371–373</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Roy%2C+William+%281726%E2%80%931790%29&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.place=London&rft.pages=371-373&rft.pub=Smith%2C+Elder+%26+Co&rft.date=1897&rft.aulast=Vetch&rft.aufirst=Robert+Hamilton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Roy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVetch1899" class="citation encyclopaedia cs2"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hamilton_Vetch" title="Robert Hamilton Vetch">Vetch, Robert Hamilton</a> (1899), <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Watson, David (1713?-1761)"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Watson,_David_(1713%3F-1761)">"Watson, David (1713?-1761)" </a></span>, in <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Lee" title="Sidney Lee">Lee, Sidney</a> (ed.), <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Dictionary of National Biography</a></i>, vol. 60, London: Smith, Elder & Co, pp. 4–5</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Watson%2C+David+%281713%3F-1761%29&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.place=London&rft.pages=4-5&rft.pub=Smith%2C+Elder+%26+Co&rft.date=1899&rft.aulast=Vetch&rft.aufirst=Robert+Hamilton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Roy" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Roy&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing_George_III1784" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/George_III_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="George III of the United Kingdom">King George III</a> (21 July 1784), Kimber, Isaac; Kimber, Edward (eds.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_vcRAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA364">"To the Master-General of the Ordnance"</a>, <i>The London Magazine, or, Gentleman's Monthly Intelligencer</i>, <b>III</b>, London (published 1785): 364–65</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Magazine%2C+or%2C+Gentleman%27s+Monthly+Intelligencer&rft.atitle=To+the+Master-General+of+the+Ordnance&rft.volume=III&rft.pages=364-65&rft.date=1784-07-21&rft.au=King+George+III&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_vcRAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DRA1-PA364&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Roy" class="Z3988"></span> – the letter refers to Roy by name as "... our trusty and well beloved Lieutenant-Colonel William Roy, one of our engineers for inspecting, surveying, and making reports from time to time of the state of the coasts and districts of the country adjacent to the coasts of this kingdom, and the islands hereunto belonging."</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffiths1794" class="citation cs2">Griffiths, Ralph, ed. (1794), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SYkCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA381">"Roy's Military Antiquities of the Romans in Britain"</a>, <i>The Monthly Review</i>, <b>XII</b>, London: 381–88</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Monthly+Review&rft.atitle=Roy%27s+Military+Antiquities+of+the+Romans+in+Britain&rft.volume=XII&rft.pages=381-88&rft.date=1794&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSYkCAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA381&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Roy" class="Z3988"></span> – a literary review of Roy's book</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffiths1800" class="citation cs2">Griffiths, Ralph, ed. (1800), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XYkCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA370">"Account of a Trigonometric Survey of England, &c"</a>, <i>The Monthly Review</i>, <b>XXXI</b>, London: 370–372</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Monthly+Review&rft.atitle=Account+of+a+Trigonometric+Survey+of+England%2C+%26c&rft.volume=XXXI&rft.pages=370-372&rft.date=1800&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXYkCAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA370&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Roy" class="Z3988"></span> – an early account of the Survey of England</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRivington1793" class="citation cs2">Rivington, F., ed. (1793), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tssEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA6">"General Roy's Military Antiquities"</a>, <i>The British Critic</i>, <b>II</b>, London: 6–12, 127–133</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+British+Critic&rft.atitle=General+Roy%27s+Military+Antiquities&rft.volume=II&rft.pages=6-12%2C+127-133&rft.date=1793&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtssEAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Roy" class="Z3988"></span> – a literary review of Roy's book</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeld1848" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Richard_Weld" title="Charles Richard Weld">Weld, Charles Richard</a> (1848), "1780–1800", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=POsAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA186"><i>A History of the Royal Society, with Memoirs of the Presidents</i></a>, vol. II, London: John W. Parker, pp. 186–229</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1780%E2%80%931800&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Royal+Society%2C+with+Memoirs+of+the+Presidents&rft.place=London&rft.pages=186-229&rft.pub=John+W.+Parker&rft.date=1848&rft.aulast=Weld&rft.aufirst=Charles+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPOsAAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA186&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Roy" class="Z3988"></span> – a discussion of Roy's work that won him the Copley Medal.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FHUAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA322">"The National Survey"</a>, <i>Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine</i>, <b>CXL</b>, Edinburgh: 322–347, July–December 1886</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Blackwood%27s+Edinburgh+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+National+Survey&rft.volume=CXL&rft.pages=322-347&rft.date=1886-07%2F1886-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFHUAAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA322&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Roy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKimberKimber1784" class="citation cs2">Kimber, Isaac; Kimber, Edward, eds. (30 November 1784), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_vcRAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA486">"The new council of the Royal Society"</a>, <i>The London Magazine, or, Gentleman's Monthly Intelligencer</i>, <b>III</b>, London (published 1785): 364–66</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Magazine%2C+or%2C+Gentleman%27s+Monthly+Intelligencer&rft.atitle=The+new+council+of+the+Royal+Society&rft.volume=III&rft.pages=364-66&rft.date=1784-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_vcRAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DRA1-PA486&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Roy" class="Z3988"></span> – the new council of the Royal Society, with "Major Gen. W. Roy" as one of the new members of the council.</li> <li>Royal Engineers. Their <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.army.mod.uk/royalengineers/26315.aspx">present website</a> has a small history section. The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060829135946/http://www.remuseum.org.uk/rem_his_history.htm">previous website</a> (at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/web/">archive.org</a>) had more information including a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060829140407/http://www.remuseum.org.uk/biography/rem_bio_roy.htm">biography of Roy</a>. The archived website gives general background information on the Royal Engineers during the time of Roy.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Roy&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:William_Roy" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:William Roy">William Roy</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Roy, William"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Roy,_William">"Roy, William" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 791.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Roy%2C+William&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=791&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Roy" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #CF9C65;">Military offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Parslow_(British_Army_officer)" title="John Parslow (British Army officer)">John Parslow</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Colonel of the <a href="/wiki/30th_(Cambridgeshire)_Regiment_of_Foot" title="30th (Cambridgeshire) Regiment of Foot">30th (Cambridgeshire) Regiment of Foot</a> </b><br />1786–1790 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir_Henry_Calder,_4th_Baronet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sir Henry Calder, 4th Baronet (page does not exist)">Sir Henry Calder</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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(1754)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Huxham" title="John Huxham">John Huxham</a> (1755)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lord_Charles_Cavendish" title="Lord Charles Cavendish">Charles Cavendish</a> (1757)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Dollond" title="John Dollond">John Dollond</a> (1758)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Smeaton" title="John Smeaton">John Smeaton</a> (1759)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Wilson_(painter)" title="Benjamin Wilson (painter)">Benjamin Wilson</a> (1760)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Canton" title="John Canton">John Canton</a> (1764)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Brownrigg" title="William Brownrigg">William Brownrigg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Delaval" title="Edward Delaval">Edward Delaval</a> / <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cavendish" title="Henry Cavendish">Henry Cavendish</a> (1766)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Ellis_(naturalist)" title="John Ellis (naturalist)">John Ellis</a> (1767)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Woulfe" title="Peter Woulfe">Peter Woulfe</a> (1768)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Hewson_(surgeon)" title="William Hewson (surgeon)">William Hewson</a> (1769)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Hamilton_(diplomat)" title="William Hamilton (diplomat)">William Hamilton</a> (1770)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Raper" title="Matthew Raper">Matthew Raper</a> (1771)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Priestley" title="Joseph Priestley">Joseph Priestley</a> (1772)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Walsh_(scientist)" title="John Walsh (scientist)">John Walsh</a> (1773)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nevil_Maskelyne" title="Nevil Maskelyne">Nevil Maskelyne</a> (1775)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a> (1776)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Mudge" title="John Mudge">John Mudge</a> (1777)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hutton" title="Charles Hutton">Charles Hutton</a> (1778)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Vince" title="Samuel Vince">Samuel Vince</a> (1780)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Herschel" title="William Herschel">William Herschel</a> (1781)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Kirwan" title="Richard Kirwan">Richard Kirwan</a> (1782)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Goodricke" title="John Goodricke">John Goodricke</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hutchins_(naturalist)" title="Thomas Hutchins (naturalist)">Thomas Hutchins</a> (1783)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Waring" title="Edward Waring">Edward Waring</a> (1784)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">William Roy</a> (1785)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Hunter_(surgeon)" title="John Hunter (surgeon)">John Hunter</a> (1787)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Blagden" title="Charles Blagden">Charles Blagden</a> (1788)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Morgan_(actuary)" title="William Morgan (actuary)">William Morgan</a> (1789)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Rennell" title="James Rennell">James Rennell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean-Andr%C3%A9_Deluc" title="Jean-André Deluc">Jean-André Deluc</a> (1791)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Thompson" title="Benjamin Thompson">Benjamin Thompson</a> (1792)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Volta" title="Alessandro Volta">Alessandro Volta</a> (1794)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Ramsden" title="Jesse Ramsden">Jesse Ramsden</a> (1795)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Atwood" title="George Atwood">George Atwood</a> (1796)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Shuckburgh-Evelyn" title="George Shuckburgh-Evelyn">George Shuckburgh-Evelyn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Hatchett" title="Charles Hatchett">Charles Hatchett</a> (1798)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Hellins" title="John Hellins">John Hellins</a> (1799)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Charles_Howard" title="Edward Charles Howard">Edward Charles Howard</a> (1800)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6963397#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6963397#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6963397#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000066643405">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/76619080">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/327946/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJght6xKBvFXFqjG3GPPcP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/130800600">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr93034126">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15373965m">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15373965m">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1747640">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p071099786">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007285822305171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14010781">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500087707">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd130800600.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/130800600">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/224799479">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w63818gg">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Roy&oldid=1189404874">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Roy&oldid=1189404874</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1726_births" title="Category:1726 births">1726 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1790_deaths" title="Category:1790 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Template:Copley_Medallists_1751–1800"," 9.37% 100.468 1 Template:Navbox"," 6.57% 70.461 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.23% 66.784 1 Template:More_citations_needed"," 6.13% 65.737 17 Template:Harvtxt"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.582","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":9761095,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAnderson2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurke1793\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCampbell1832\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChisholm1911\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClose1969\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGardiner1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGriffiths1794\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGriffiths1800\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFH.M.C.1883\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHewitt2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHutton1831\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHübner1886\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIrving1885\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKimberKimber1784\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKing_George_III1784\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartinMcConnell2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaskelyne1787\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Donoghue1977\"] = 1,\n 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[\"Post-nominals\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 2,\n [\"Refend\"] = 2,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"S-aft\"] = 1,\n [\"S-bef\"] = 1,\n [\"S-end\"] = 1,\n [\"S-mil\"] = 1,\n [\"S-start\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ttl\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Snd\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-cbh7h","timestamp":"20241124183652","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"William Roy","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_Roy","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6963397","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6963397","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-08-28T18:28:44Z","dateModified":"2023-12-11T16:43:42Z","headline":"Scottish military engineer, surveyor and antiquarian (1726\u20131790)"}</script> </body> </html>