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<span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cooking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cooking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Cooking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cooking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nutritional_profile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nutritional_profile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Nutritional profile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nutritional_profile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dietary_supplement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dietary_supplement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Dietary supplement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dietary_supplement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Animal_feed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Animal_feed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Animal feed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Animal_feed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Food_additive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food_additive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Food additive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food_additive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditional_medicine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_medicine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Traditional medicine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditional_medicine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adverse_effects_and_allergies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adverse_effects_and_allergies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Adverse effects and allergies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adverse_effects_and_allergies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fenugreek</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 88 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-88" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">88 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haleuba" title="Haleuba – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Haleuba" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenegriek" title="Fenegriek – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Fenegriek" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A3%E1%89%A5%E1%88%BD" title="ኣብሽ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኣብሽ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A9_(%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="حلبة (نبات) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حلبة (نبات)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF" title="মেথি – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মেথি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonella_foenum-graecum" title="Trigonella foenum-graecum – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Trigonella foenum-graecum" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samanl%C4%B1q_g%C3%BCld%C9%99fn%C9%99si" title="Samanlıq güldəfnəsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Samanlıq güldəfnəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%92%D8%AA%D9%88" title="چمن اوْتو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="چمن اوْتو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF" title="মেথি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মেথি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%80" title="मेथी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मेथी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%85" title="Обикновен сминдух – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Обикновен сминдух" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9F%E0%BC%8B" title="ཤུ་མོ་ཟ་ – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཤུ་མོ་ཟ་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenigrec" title="Fenigrec – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fenigrec" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonella_foenum-graecum" title="Trigonella foenum-graecum – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Trigonella foenum-graecum" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ADskavice_%C5%99eck%C3%A9_seno" title="Pískavice řecké seno – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pískavice řecké seno" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ffenigrig" title="Ffenigrig – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ffenigrig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almindelig_bukkehorn" title="Almindelig bukkehorn – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Almindelig bukkehorn" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bockshornklee" title="Bockshornklee – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bockshornklee" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%AF%DE%84%DE%A6%DE%8C%DE%B0" title="އޯބަތް – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އޯބަތް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B5ld-lambal%C3%A4%C3%A4ts" title="Põld-lambalääts – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Põld-lambalääts" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B1_%CE%B7_%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Τριγωνέλλα η Ελληνική – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τριγωνέλλα η Ελληνική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonella_foenum-graecum" title="Trigonella foenum-graecum – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Trigonella foenum-graecum" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenugreko" title="Fenugreko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fenugreko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ailorbe" title="Ailorbe – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ailorbe" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%87" title="شنبلیله – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شنبلیله" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenugrec" title="Fenugrec – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fenugrec" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alforfa" title="Alforfa – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alforfa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A5%E0%AB%80" title="મેથી – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મેથી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%98%B8%EB%A1%9C%ED%8C%8C" title="호로파 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="호로파" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1" title="Շամբալա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շամբալա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%80" title="मेथी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मेथी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozyradka" title="Kozyradka – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Kozyradka" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelabat" title="Kelabat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kelabat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grikkjasm%C3%A1ri" title="Grikkjasmári – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Grikkjasmári" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonella_foenum-graecum" title="Trigonella foenum-graecum – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Trigonella foenum-graecum" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="גרגרנית יוונית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גרגרנית יוונית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelabat" title="Kelabat – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kelabat" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%86" title="ಮೆಂತೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮೆಂತೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eembel%C3%AEk" title="Şembelîk – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Şembelîk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grie%C4%B7u_trigonella" title="Grieķu trigonella – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Grieķu trigonella" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaistin%C4%97_o%C5%BErag%C4%97" title="Vaistinė ožragė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vaistinė ožragė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6r%C3%B6gsz%C3%A9na" title="Görögszéna – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Görögszéna" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klabhet" title="Klabhet – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Klabhet" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%80" title="मेथी – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="मेथी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Пискавица – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пискавица" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B5" title="ഉലുവ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഉലുവ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%80" title="मेथी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मेथी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A9" title="حلبة – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حلبة" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halba" title="Halba – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Halba" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenegriek" title="Fenegriek – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fenegriek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%80" title="मेथी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मेथी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%8C%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF" title="フェヌグリーク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フェヌグリーク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukkehornkl%C3%B8ver" title="Bukkehornkløver – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bukkehornkløver" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A5%E0%AC%BF" title="ମେଥି – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମେଥି" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A5%E0%A9%80" title="ਮੇਥੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੇਥੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C" title="میتھی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="میتھی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87" title="ملخوزه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ملخوزه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozieradka_pospolita" title="Kozieradka pospolita – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kozieradka pospolita" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feno-grego" title="Feno-grego – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Feno-grego" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schinduf" title="Schinduf – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Schinduf" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Пажитник сенной – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пажитник сенной" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="मेथिका – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मेथिका" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B7%85%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A" title="උළුහාල් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="උළුහාල්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenugreek" title="Fenugreek – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fenugreek" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D8%B1%D9%BB%D9%88" title="ھرٻو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ھرٻو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senovka_gr%C3%A9cka" title="Senovka grécka – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Senovka grécka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C5%A1ko_seno" title="Grško seno – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Grško seno" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xulbad" title="Xulbad – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Xulbad" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%DA%B5%DB%8C" title="شمڵی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شمڵی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Пискавица – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пискавица" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohtosarviapila" title="Rohtosarviapila – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rohtosarviapila" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bockhornskl%C3%B6ver" title="Bockhornsklöver – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bockhornsklöver" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonella_foenum-graecum" title="Trigonella foenum-graecum – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Trigonella foenum-graecum" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="வெந்தயம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வெந்தயம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifi%E1%B8%8Das" title="Tifiḍas – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tifiḍas" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="మెంతులు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మెంతులు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94_(%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%8A)" title="ลูกซัด (พืช) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลูกซัด (พืช)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%86" title="ಮೆತ್ತೆ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಮೆತ್ತೆ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87emen_otu" title="Çemen otu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çemen otu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гуньба сінна – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гуньба сінна" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C" title="میتھی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="میتھی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%86%DB%95%D9%83" title="غالچەك – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="غالچەك" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%8F_ca_ri" title="Cỏ ca ri – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cỏ ca ri" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonella_foenum-graecum" title="Trigonella foenum-graecum – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Trigonella foenum-graecum" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E8%8A%A6%E5%B7%B4" title="胡芦巴 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="胡芦巴" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9F" title="באקסהארן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="באקסהארן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E8%98%86%E5%B7%B4" title="胡蘆巴 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="胡蘆巴" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E8%8A%A6%E5%B7%B4" title="胡芦巴 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="胡芦巴" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of flowering plant</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Vendayam" and "Vendhayam" redirect here. For the 2011 film, see <a href="/wiki/Vengayam" title="Vengayam">Vengayam</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Fenugreek </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Illustration_Trigonella_foenum-graecum0_clean.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Illustration_Trigonella_foenum-graecum0_clean.jpg/220px-Illustration_Trigonella_foenum-graecum0_clean.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="363" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Illustration_Trigonella_foenum-graecum0_clean.jpg/330px-Illustration_Trigonella_foenum-graecum0_clean.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Illustration_Trigonella_foenum-graecum0_clean.jpg/440px-Illustration_Trigonella_foenum-graecum0_clean.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1448" data-file-height="2388" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Trigonella" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosids" title="Rosids">Rosids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fabales" title="Fabales">Fabales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fabaceae" title="Fabaceae">Fabaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subfamily: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Faboideae" title="Faboideae">Faboideae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trigonella" title="Trigonella"><i>Trigonella</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>T. foenum-graecum</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Trigonella foenum-graecum</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">L.</a><sup id="cite_ref-GRIN_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRIN-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aesthetic_bunch_of_fenugreek_greens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Aesthetic_bunch_of_fenugreek_greens.jpg/220px-Aesthetic_bunch_of_fenugreek_greens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Aesthetic_bunch_of_fenugreek_greens.jpg/330px-Aesthetic_bunch_of_fenugreek_greens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Aesthetic_bunch_of_fenugreek_greens.jpg/440px-Aesthetic_bunch_of_fenugreek_greens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>Fenugreek greens</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Fenugreek</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="/nj/: 'n' in 'new'">nj</span><span title="/ʊ/: 'u' in 'push'">ʊ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <i><b>Trigonella foenum-graecum</b></i>) is an annual plant in the family <a href="/wiki/Fabaceae" title="Fabaceae">Fabaceae</a>, with leaves consisting of three small <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_leaf_morphology#Leaf_and_leaflet_shapes" title="Glossary of leaf morphology">obovate to oblong</a> leaflets. It is cultivated worldwide as a semiarid crop. Its leaves and seeds are common ingredients in dishes from the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>, and have been used as a culinary ingredient since ancient times.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its use as a food ingredient in small quantities is safe.<sup id="cite_ref-Tox2016_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tox2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-drugs_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although a common <a href="/wiki/Dietary_supplement" title="Dietary supplement">dietary supplement</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-nccih_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nccih-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> there is no <a href="/wiki/Evidence-based_medicine" title="Evidence-based medicine">significant clinical evidence</a> that fenugreek has therapeutic properties.<sup id="cite_ref-drugs_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nccih_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nccih-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Commonly used in <a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">traditional medicine</a>, fenugreek can increase the risk of serious <a href="/wiki/Adverse_effect" title="Adverse effect">adverse effects</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Allergic_reaction" class="mw-redirect" title="Allergic reaction">allergic reactions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-drugs_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nccih_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nccih-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenugreek&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fenugreek is believed to have been brought into cultivation in the <a href="/wiki/Near_East" title="Near East">Near East</a>. It is uncertain which wild strain of the genus <i>Trigonella</i> gave rise to domesticated fenugreek. Charred fenugreek seeds have been recovered from Tell Halal, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> (<a href="/wiki/Radiocarbon_dating" title="Radiocarbon dating">carbon dated</a> to 4000 BC) and <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> levels of <a href="/wiki/Lachish" class="mw-redirect" title="Lachish">Lachish</a>, and desiccated seeds from the <a href="/wiki/KV62" class="mw-redirect" title="KV62">tomb</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tutankhamen" class="mw-redirect" title="Tutankhamen">Tutankhamen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cato_the_Elder" title="Cato the Elder">Cato the Elder</a> lists fenugreek with <a href="/wiki/Clover" title="Clover">clover</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vetch" class="mw-redirect" title="Vetch">vetch</a> as crops grown to feed cattle.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In one first-century A.D. recipe, the Romans flavoured wine with fenugreek.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1st century AD, in <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a>, it was grown as a <a href="/wiki/Staple_food" title="Staple food">staple food</a>, as <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a> mentions in his book, the <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_War" title="The Jewish War">Wars of the Jews</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plant is mentioned in the 2nd-century compendium of Jewish Oral Law (<a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a>) under its Hebrew name <i>tiltan</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenugreek&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The English name derives via Middle French <i>fenugrec</i> from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <i>faenugraecum</i>, <i>faenum Graecum</i> meaning "Greek hay".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenugreek&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Fenugreek_production_in_India" title="Fenugreek production in India">India is a major producer of fenugreek</a>, and over 80% of India's output is from the state of <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenugreek&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2017_0102_fenugreek_seeds.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/2017_0102_fenugreek_seeds.jpg/220px-2017_0102_fenugreek_seeds.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/2017_0102_fenugreek_seeds.jpg/330px-2017_0102_fenugreek_seeds.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/2017_0102_fenugreek_seeds.jpg/440px-2017_0102_fenugreek_seeds.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>Fenugreek seeds</figcaption></figure> <p>Fenugreek is used as a <a href="/wiki/Herb" title="Herb">herb</a> (dried or fresh leaves), <a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">spice</a> (seeds), and vegetable (fresh leaves, <a href="/wiki/Sprouting" title="Sprouting">sprouts</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Microgreens" class="mw-redirect" title="Microgreens">microgreens</a>). <a href="/wiki/Sotolon" title="Sotolon">Sotolon</a> is the chemical responsible for the distinctive <a href="/wiki/Maple_syrup" title="Maple syrup">maple syrup</a> smell of fenugreek.<sup id="cite_ref-pubchem_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pubchem-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-drugs_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cuboid" title="Cuboid">Cuboid</a>, yellow- to amber-coloured fenugreek seeds are frequently encountered in the <a href="/wiki/Cuisines_of_the_Indian_subcontinent" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisines of the Indian subcontinent">cuisines of the Indian subcontinent</a>, used both whole and powdered in the preparation of <a href="/wiki/Indian_pickle" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian pickle">pickles</a>, vegetable dishes, <a href="/wiki/Dal" title="Dal">dal</a>, and spice mixes such as <i><a href="/wiki/Panch_phoron" title="Panch phoron">panch phoron</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Sambar_(dish)" title="Sambar (dish)"><i>sambar</i></a> powder. They are often roasted to reduce inherent bitterness and to enhance flavour.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cooking">Cooking</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenugreek&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cooking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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.plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook">Cookbook</a> has a recipe/module on <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 1.6em;"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Fenugreek" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook:Fenugreek"> Fenugreek</a></b></i></li></ul> </div></div></div> </div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Fenugreek" title="Special:EditPage/Fenugreek">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Fenugreek%22">"Fenugreek"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Fenugreek%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Fenugreek%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Fenugreek%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Fenugreek%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Fenugreek%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Fresh fenugreek leaves are an ingredient in some <a href="/wiki/Curry" title="Curry">curries</a>, such as with potatoes in <a href="/wiki/Cuisines_of_the_Indian_subcontinent" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisines of the Indian subcontinent">cuisines of the Indian subcontinent</a> to make "aloo methi" ("potato fenugreek") curry.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Armenian_cuisine" title="Armenian cuisine">Armenian cuisine</a>, fenugreek seed powder is used to make a paste that is an important ingredient to cover dried and cured beef to make <a href="/wiki/Basturma" class="mw-redirect" title="Basturma">basturma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Iranian_cuisine" title="Iranian cuisine">Iranian cuisine</a>, fenugreek leaves are called <i>shambalileh</i>. They are one of several greens incorporated into the herb stew <i><a href="/wiki/Ghormeh_sabzi" title="Ghormeh sabzi">ghormeh sabzi</a></i>, the herb frittata <a href="/wiki/Kuku_(food)" title="Kuku (food)">kuku sabzi</a> and a soup known as <i>eshkeneh</i>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Georgian_cuisine" title="Georgian cuisine">Georgian cuisine</a>, a related species—<i><a href="/wiki/Trigonella_caerulea" title="Trigonella caerulea">Trigonella caerulea</a></i> called "blue fenugreek"—is used.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cuisine" title="Egyptian cuisine">Egyptian cuisine</a>, fenugreek is known by the Arabic name <i>hilba</i> or <i>helba</i> حلبة. Seeds are boiled to make a drink that is consumed at home, as well as in coffee shops. <a href="/wiki/Fellah" title="Fellah">Peasants</a> in <a href="/wiki/Upper_Egypt" title="Upper Egypt">Upper Egypt</a> add fenugreek seeds and <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a> to their pita bread to produce <i><a href="/wiki/Aish_merahrah" class="mw-redirect" title="Aish merahrah">aish merahrah</a></i>, a staple of their diet. Basterma, a cured dried beef, has its distinctive flavour from the fenugreek used as a coating. </p><p>In the same way in <a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine" title="Turkish cuisine">Turkish cuisine</a> fenugreek seed powder, called 'çemen', is used to make a paste with paprika powder and garlic to cover dried and cured beef in making <a href="/wiki/Pastirma" title="Pastirma">pastirma/basturma</a>. (Its name comes from the Turkish verb 'bastırmak', meaning 'to press'). </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Moroccan_cuisine" title="Moroccan cuisine">Moroccan cuisine</a>, fenugreek is used in <a href="/wiki/Rfissa" title="Rfissa">Rfissa</a>, a dish associated with the countryside.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fenugreek is used in <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Eritrea" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Eritrea">Eritrean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Ethiopia">Ethiopian</a> cuisine.<sup id="cite_ref-ethnomed_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethnomed-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word for fenugreek in <a href="/wiki/Amharic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Amharic language">Amharic</a> is <i>abesh</i> (or <i>abish</i>), and the seed is used in Ethiopia as a natural herbal medicine in the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Diabetes" title="Diabetes">diabetes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ethnomed_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethnomed-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_Jews" title="Yemenite Jews">Yemenite Jews</a> following the interpretation of Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Yitzchaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Shlomo Yitzchaki">Shelomo Yitzchak</a> (Rashi) believe fenugreek, which they call <i><a href="/wiki/Hilbah" class="mw-redirect" title="Hilbah">hilbah</a></i>, <i>hilbeh, hilba, helba</i>, or<i> halba</i> "חילבה", to be the Talmudic <i>rubia</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> When the seed kernels are ground and mixed with water they greatly expand; <a href="/wiki/Zhug" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhug">hot spices</a>, turmeric and lemon juice are added to produce a frothy relish eaten with a <a href="/wiki/Sop" title="Sop">sop</a>. The relish is also called <i>hilbeh</i>; it is reminiscent of curry.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It is eaten daily and ceremonially during the meal of the first and/or second night of the Jewish New Year, <a href="/wiki/Rosh_Hashana" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosh Hashana">Rosh Hashana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>, a small amount of Oud Al Hilba (عود الحلبة), which appears to be the same as <a href="/wiki/Withania_somnifera" title="Withania somnifera">Ashwagandha</a>, is traditionally added to ground Fenugreek seeds before they are mixed with water to prepare the <a href="/wiki/Hulbah" title="Hulbah">Hulbah</a> paste. This is believed to aid in digestion and more importantly to prevent or lessen the maple-syrup smell that usually occurs when consuming fenugreek. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nutritional_profile">Nutritional profile</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenugreek&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Nutritional profile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowrap"><caption class="infobox-title" style="white-space:normal; padding-bottom:0.15em;">Fenugreek seed</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">Energy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,352 kJ (323 kcal)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">Carbohydrates</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">58 g</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">Dietary fiber</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">25 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">6.4 g</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">Protein</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">23 g</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; ;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Vitamins and minerals</div></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">Vitamins</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Thiamine" title="Thiamine">Thiamine (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">1</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">27%</div> 0.322 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Riboflavin" title="Riboflavin">Riboflavin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">2</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">28%</div> 0.366 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Niacin_(nutrient)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niacin (nutrient)">Niacin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">3</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">10%</div> 1.64 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B6" title="Vitamin B6">Vitamin B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;">6</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">35%</div> 0.6 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Folate" title="Folate">Folate (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">9</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">14%</div> 57 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">Vitamin C</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">3%</div> 3 mg</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient)" title="Mineral (nutrient)">Minerals</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium_in_biology#Humans" title="Calcium in biology">Calcium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">14%</div> 176 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Human_iron_metabolism" title="Human iron metabolism">Iron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">189%</div> 34 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_in_biology" title="Magnesium in biology">Magnesium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">45%</div> 191 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Manganese#Human_health_and_nutrition" title="Manganese">Manganese</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">53%</div> 1.23 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus#Biological_role" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">24%</div> 296 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_in_biology" title="Potassium in biology">Potassium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">26%</div> 770 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_in_biology" title="Sodium in biology">Sodium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">3%</div> 67 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Zinc#Biological_role" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">23%</div> 2.5 mg</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em">Other constituents</b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;">Water</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">8.8 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /><div class="wrap" style="padding:0.3em;line-height:1.2em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/171324/nutrients">Link to USDA Database entry</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below wrap" style="background:#e0e0e0;padding:0.3em;line-height:1.5em;font-weight:normal;font-size:0.9em"><sup>†</sup>Percentages estimated using <a href="/wiki/Reference_Daily_Intake#Daily_Values" title="Reference Daily Intake">US recommendations</a> for adults,<sup id="cite_ref-FDADailyValues_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDADailyValues-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from <a href="/wiki/National_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_Medicine" title="National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine">the National Academies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In a 100 gram reference amount, fenugreek seeds provide 1,350 kilojoules (323 kcal) of <a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">food energy</a> and contain 9% water, 58% <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">carbohydrates</a>, 23% <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a>, and 6% <a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">fat</a>. Fenugreek seeds provide <a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">calcium</a> at 14% of the <a href="/wiki/Daily_Value" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Value">Daily Value</a> (DV, table).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Fenugreek seeds (per 100 grams) are a rich source of protein (46% DV), <a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">dietary fiber</a>, <a href="/wiki/B_vitamins" title="B vitamins">B vitamins</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient)" title="Mineral (nutrient)">dietary minerals</a>, particularly <a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a> (59% DV) and <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a> (262% DV) (table). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dietary_supplement">Dietary supplement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenugreek&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Dietary supplement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fenugreek <a href="/wiki/Dietary_supplement" title="Dietary supplement">dietary supplements</a> are manufactured from powdered seeds into <a href="/wiki/Capsule_(pharmacy)" title="Capsule (pharmacy)">capsules</a>, loose powders, teas, and liquid <a href="/wiki/Extract" title="Extract">extracts</a> in many countries.<sup id="cite_ref-drugs_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nccih_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nccih-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is no high-quality evidence that these products have any clinical effectiveness.<sup id="cite_ref-drugs_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nccih_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nccih-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Animal_feed">Animal feed</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenugreek&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Animal feed"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fenugreek is sometimes used as animal feed. It provides a green fodder palatable to ruminants. The seeds are also used to feed fish and domestic rabbits.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Food_additive">Food additive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenugreek&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Food additive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fenugreek seeds and leaves contain the molecule <a href="/wiki/Sotolone" class="mw-redirect" title="Sotolone">sotolone</a>, which imparts the <a href="/wiki/Odor" title="Odor">aroma</a> of fenugreek and curry in high concentrations, and <a href="/wiki/Maple_syrup" title="Maple syrup">maple syrup</a> or <a href="/wiki/Caramel" title="Caramel">caramel</a> in lower concentrations.<sup id="cite_ref-drugs_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pubchem_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pubchem-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fenugreek is used as a flavoring agent in imitation maple syrup or tea, and as a <a href="/wiki/Dietary_supplement" title="Dietary supplement">dietary supplement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nccih_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nccih-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenugreek&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Constituents of fenugreek seeds include <a href="/wiki/Flavonoid" title="Flavonoid">flavonoids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid">alkaloids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coumarin" title="Coumarin">coumarins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">vitamins</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Saponin" title="Saponin">saponins</a>; the most prevalent alkaloid is <a href="/wiki/Trigonelline" title="Trigonelline">trigonelline</a> and coumarins include <a href="/wiki/Cinnamic_acid" title="Cinnamic acid">cinnamic acid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scopoletin" title="Scopoletin">scopoletin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tox2016_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tox2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Research into whether fenugreek reduces <a href="/wiki/Biomarkers" class="mw-redirect" title="Biomarkers">biomarkers</a> in people with <a href="/wiki/Diabetes" title="Diabetes">diabetes</a> and with pre-diabetic conditions is of limited quality.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2023, there was no high-quality evidence for whether fenugreek is safe and effective in relieving <a href="/wiki/Dysmenorrhea" title="Dysmenorrhea">dysmenorrhea</a><sup id="cite_ref-drugs_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-patt_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-patt-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or improving <a href="/wiki/Lactation" title="Lactation">lactation</a> during <a href="/wiki/Breastfeeding" title="Breastfeeding">breastfeeding</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-foong_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foong-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Studies of fenugreek are characterized as having variable, poor <a href="/wiki/Experimental_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Experimental design">experimental design</a> and quality, including small numbers of subjects, failure to describe methods, inconsistency and duration of dosing, and non-recording of <a href="/wiki/Adverse_effect" title="Adverse effect">adverse effects</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-drugs_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nccih_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nccih-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-patt_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-patt-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-foong_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foong-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because research on the potential biological effects of consuming fenugreek has provided no <a href="/wiki/Evidence-based_medicine" title="Evidence-based medicine">high-quality evidence for health or anti-disease effect</a>, fenugreek is not approved or recommended for clinical use by the United States <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-drugs_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nccih_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nccih-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Traditional_medicine">Traditional medicine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenugreek&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Traditional medicine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although once a <a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">folk remedy</a> for an insufficient milk supply when nursing, there is no good evidence that fenugreek is effective or safe for this use.<sup id="cite_ref-drugs_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nccih_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nccih-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-foong_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foong-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is no good evidence it is useful in traditional practices for treating <a href="/wiki/Dysmenorrhea" title="Dysmenorrhea">dysmenorrhea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inflammation" title="Inflammation">inflammation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diabetes" title="Diabetes">diabetes</a>, or any human disorder.<sup id="cite_ref-drugs_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nccih_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nccih-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-patt_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-patt-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adverse_effects_and_allergies">Adverse effects and allergies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenugreek&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Adverse effects and allergies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The use of fenugreek has the potential for serious adverse effects, as it may be unsafe for women with hormone-sensitive cancers.<sup id="cite_ref-drugs_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nccih_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nccih-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fenugreek is not safe for use during pregnancy, as it has possible <a href="/wiki/Abortifacient" title="Abortifacient">abortifacient</a> effects and may induce <a href="/wiki/Preterm_birth" title="Preterm birth">preterm</a> <a href="/wiki/Uterine_contraction" title="Uterine contraction">uterine contractions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tox2016_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tox2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-drugs_4-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some people are <a href="/wiki/Allergy" title="Allergy">allergic</a> to fenugreek, including those with <a href="/wiki/Peanut_allergy" title="Peanut allergy">peanut allergy</a> or <a href="/wiki/Chickpea" title="Chickpea">chickpea</a> allergy.<sup id="cite_ref-Tox2016_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tox2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-drugs_4-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fenugreek seeds can cause <a href="/wiki/Diarrhea" title="Diarrhea">diarrhea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dyspepsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Dyspepsia">dyspepsia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abdominal_distention" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdominal distention">abdominal distention</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flatulence" title="Flatulence">flatulence</a> and perspiration, and impart a maple-like smell to sweat, urine or breast milk.<sup id="cite_ref-Tox2016_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tox2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-drugs_4-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nccih_5-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nccih-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a risk of <a href="/wiki/Hypoglycemia" title="Hypoglycemia">hypoglycemia</a> particularly in people with diabetes, and it may interfere with the activity of <a href="/wiki/Anti-diabetic_drug" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-diabetic drug">anti-diabetic drugs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tox2016_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tox2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-drugs_4-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of the high content of <a href="/wiki/Coumarin" title="Coumarin">coumarin</a>-like compounds in fenugreek, it may interfere with the activity and dosing of <a href="/wiki/Anticoagulants" class="mw-redirect" title="Anticoagulants">anticoagulants</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antiplatelet_drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiplatelet drugs">antiplatelet drugs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tox2016_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tox2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-drugs_4-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fenugreek sprouts, cultivated from a single specific batch of seeds imported from Egypt into Germany in 2009, were implicated as the source of the <a href="/wiki/2011_Germany_E._coli_O104:H4_outbreak" title="2011 Germany E. coli O104:H4 outbreak">2011 outbreak</a> of <a href="/wiki/Escherichia_coli_O104:H4" title="Escherichia coli O104:H4"><i>Escherichia coli</i> O104:H4</a> in Germany and France.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Identification of a common producer and a single batch of fenugreek seeds was evidence for the origin of the outbreaks.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenugreek&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-GRIN-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GRIN_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=40421">"<i>Trigonella foenum-graecum</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">Germplasm Resources Information Network</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Research_Service" title="Agricultural Research Service">Agricultural Research Service</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-03-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Germplasm+Resources+Information+Network&rft.atitle=Trigonella+foenum-graecum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpgsweb.ars-grin.gov%2Fgringlobal%2Ftaxonomydetail.aspx%3Fid%3D40421&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFenugreek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebaggioTucker2009" class="citation book cs1">Debaggio, Thomas; Tucker, Arthur O. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7_KPgxEglHAC&q=fenugreek+Egyptians&pg=PA321"><i>The Encyclopedia of Herbs</i></a>. Timber Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781604691344" title="Special:BookSources/9781604691344"><bdi>9781604691344</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230702043535/https://books.google.com/books?id=7_KPgxEglHAC&q=fenugreek+Egyptians&pg=PA321">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Herbs&rft.pub=Timber+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781604691344&rft.aulast=Debaggio&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Tucker%2C+Arthur+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7_KPgxEglHAC%26q%3Dfenugreek%2BEgyptians%26pg%3DPA321&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFenugreek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tox2016-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tox2016_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tox2016_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tox2016_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tox2016_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tox2016_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tox2016_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tox2016_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOuzirEl_BairiAmzazi2016" class="citation journal cs1">Ouzir, M; El Bairi, K; Amzazi, S (2016). "Toxicological properties of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum)". <i>Food and Chemical Toxicology</i>. <b>96</b>: 145–54. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.fct.2016.08.003">10.1016/j.fct.2016.08.003</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27498339">27498339</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Toxicological+properties+of+fenugreek+%28Trigonella+foenum+graecum%29&rft.volume=96&rft.pages=145-54&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.fct.2016.08.003&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27498339&rft.aulast=Ouzir&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=El+Bairi%2C+K&rft.au=Amzazi%2C+S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFenugreek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-drugs-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-drugs_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-drugs_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-drugs_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-drugs_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-drugs_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-drugs_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-drugs_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-drugs_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-drugs_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-drugs_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-drugs_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-drugs_4-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-drugs_4-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-drugs_4-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-drugs_4-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-drugs_4-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-drugs_4-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-drugs_4-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/npp/fenugreek.html">"Fenugreek"</a>. Drugs.com. 14 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fenugreek&rft.pub=Drugs.com&rft.date=2023-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugs.com%2Fnpp%2Ffenugreek.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFenugreek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nccih-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nccih_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nccih_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nccih_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nccih_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nccih_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nccih_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nccih_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nccih_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nccih_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nccih_5-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nccih_5-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nccih_5-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/fenugreek">"Fenugreek"</a>. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, US National Library of Medicine. 1 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fenugreek&rft.pub=National+Center+for+Complementary+and+Integrative+Health%2C+US+National+Library+of+Medicine&rft.date=2020-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nccih.nih.gov%2Fhealth%2Ffenugreek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFenugreek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZoharyHopfWeiss2012" class="citation book cs1">Zohary, Daniel; Hopf, Maria; Weiss, Ehud (2012). <i>Domestication of Plants in the Old World: The Origin and Spread of Domesticated Plants in Southwest Asia, Europe, and the Mediterranean Basin</i> (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 122.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Domestication+of+Plants+in+the+Old+World%3A+The+Origin+and+Spread+of+Domesticated+Plants+in+Southwest+Asia%2C+Europe%2C+and+the+Mediterranean+Basin&rft.pages=122&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Zohary&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Hopf%2C+Maria&rft.au=Weiss%2C+Ehud&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFenugreek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCato_the_Elder" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cato_the_Elder" title="Cato the Elder">Cato the Elder</a>. <a href="/wiki/De_Agri_Cultura" class="mw-redirect" title="De Agri Cultura"><i>De Agri Cultura</i></a>. p. 27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+Agri+Cultura&rft.pages=27&rft.au=Cato+the+Elder&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFenugreek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurry2010" class="citation journal cs1">Curry A (February 2010). "A 9,000-Year Love Affair". <i>National Geographic</i>. <b>231</b> (2): 46.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=A+9%2C000-Year+Love+Affair&rft.volume=231&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=46&rft.date=2010-02&rft.aulast=Curry&rft.aufirst=A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFenugreek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josephus, <i>De Bello Judaico</i>, book 3, chapter 7, vs. 29. The prepared relish made from ground fenugreek seeds is very slimy and slippery, and was therefore poured over ladders as a stratagem to prevent the enemy's ascent.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Commentators <a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ovadiah_di_Bertinoro" class="mw-redirect" title="Ovadiah di Bertinoro">Ovadiah di Bertinoro</a> on Mishnah <i><a href="/wiki/Kil%27ayim_(tractate)" title="Kil'ayim (tractate)">Kil'ayim</a></i> 2:5; <i><a href="/wiki/Terumot" title="Terumot">Terumot</a></i> 10:5; <i><a href="/wiki/Orlah_(tractate)" title="Orlah (tractate)">Orlah</a></i> 3:6; <i>ibid</i>. 10:6; <i><a href="/wiki/Ma%27aserot" title="Ma'aserot">Ma'aserot</a></i> 1:3, <i>ibid</i>. 4:6; <i><a href="/wiki/Ma%27aser_Sheni" title="Ma'aser Sheni">Ma'aser Sheni</a></i> 2:2–3; <i><a href="/wiki/Niddah_(Talmud)" title="Niddah (Talmud)">Niddah</a></i> 2:6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=fenugreek">"Online Etymology Dictionary"</a>. <i>www.etymonline.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161221005645/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=fenugreek">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-12-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-02-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.etymonline.com&rft.atitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3Dfenugreek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFenugreek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFV._A._Parthasarathy,_K._Kandinnan_and_V._Srinivasan" class="citation book cs1">V. A. Parthasarathy, K. Kandinnan and V. Srinivasan (ed.). "Fenugreek". <i>Organic Spices</i>. New India Publishing Agencies. p. 694.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fenugreek&rft.btitle=Organic+Spices&rft.pages=694&rft.pub=New+India+Publishing+Agencies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFenugreek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pubchem-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pubchem_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pubchem_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sotolone">"3-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethylfuran-2(5H)-one; CID=62835"</a>. PubChem, US National Library of Medicine. 3 March 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200615210917/https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sotolone">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=3-Hydroxy-4%2C5-dimethylfuran-2%285H%29-one%3B+CID%3D62835&rft.pub=PubChem%2C+US+National+Library+of+Medicine&rft.date=2019-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fcompound%2FSotolone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFenugreek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/fenugreek">"BBC - Food - Fenugreek recipes"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170118063645/http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/fenugreek">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-01-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-02-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+-+Food+-+Fenugreek+recipes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Ffood%2Ffenugreek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFenugreek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK501779/"><i>Fenugreek</i></a>. National Library of Medicine (US). 2021-08-16. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30000838">30000838</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220521191832/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK501779/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fenugreek&rft.pub=National+Library+of+Medicine+%28US%29&rft.date=2021-08-16&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30000838&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2FNBK501779%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFenugreek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaniKumar2018" class="citation journal cs1">Wani, Sajad Ahmad; Kumar, Pradyuman (2018-04-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jssas.2016.01.007">"Fenugreek: A review on its nutraceutical properties and utilization in various food products"</a>. <i>Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences</i>. <b>17</b> (2): 97–106. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jssas.2016.01.007">10.1016/j.jssas.2016.01.007</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1658-077X">1658-077X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Saudi+Society+of+Agricultural+Sciences&rft.atitle=Fenugreek%3A+A+review+on+its+nutraceutical+properties+and+utilization+in+various+food+products&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=97-106&rft.date=2018-04-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jssas.2016.01.007&rft.issn=1658-077X&rft.aulast=Wani&rft.aufirst=Sajad+Ahmad&rft.au=Kumar%2C+Pradyuman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.jssas.2016.01.007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFenugreek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Trigonella+caerulea">"Trigonella caerulea Sweet Trefoil, Blue fenugreek PFAF Plant Database"</a>. <i>pfaf.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220607094652/https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Trigonella+caerulea">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-06-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pfaf.org&rft.atitle=Trigonella+caerulea+Sweet+Trefoil%2C+Blue+fenugreek+PFAF+Plant+Database&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpfaf.org%2Fuser%2FPlant.aspx%3FLatinName%3DTrigonella%2Bcaerulea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFenugreek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIdrissi2018" class="citation web cs1">Idrissi, Abdelbaar Mounadi (2018-12-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legation.org/anny-gaul-the-cuisine-of-the-city-of-tetouan/">"Anny Gaul: "The Cuisine of the City of Tetouan"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Tangier American Legation Museum</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220519093252/https://legation.org/anny-gaul-the-cuisine-of-the-city-of-tetouan/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-10-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tangier+American+Legation+Museum&rft.atitle=Anny+Gaul%3A+%22The+Cuisine+of+the+City+of+Tetouan%22&rft.date=2018-12-18&rft.aulast=Idrissi&rft.aufirst=Abdelbaar+Mounadi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegation.org%2Fanny-gaul-the-cuisine-of-the-city-of-tetouan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFenugreek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ethnomed-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ethnomed_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ethnomed_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallZerihun_Shenkute2009" class="citation web cs1">Gall, Alevtina; Zerihun Shenkute (November 3, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ethnomed.org/clinical/pharmacy/ethiopian-herb-drug-interactions">"Ethiopian Traditional and Herbal Medications and their Interactions with Conventional Drugs"</a>. <i>EthnoMed</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">University of Washington</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190319012225/http://ethnomed.org/clinical/pharmacy/ethiopian-herb-drug-interactions">Archived</a> from the original on March 19, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 27,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EthnoMed&rft.atitle=Ethiopian+Traditional+and+Herbal+Medications+and+their+Interactions+with+Conventional+Drugs&rft.date=2009-11-03&rft.aulast=Gall&rft.aufirst=Alevtina&rft.au=Zerihun+Shenkute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fethnomed.org%2Fclinical%2Fpharmacy%2Fethiopian-herb-drug-interactions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFenugreek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This is based on the assumption that the Aramaic name רוביא corresponds to it. (Karetot 6a; Horiyot 12a) Rabbenu Nissim at the end of Rosh Hashana, citing the custom of R Hai Gaon. This follows Rashi's translation of רוביא, cited as authoritative by Tur and Shulchan Aruch OC 583:1. But <a href="/wiki/Abudirham" class="mw-redirect" title="Abudirham">Abudirham</a> interprets רוביא as black-eyed peas.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FDADailyValues-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FDADailyValues_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Food_and_Drug_Administration2024" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">United States Food and Drug Administration</a> (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/daily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels">"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"</a>. <i>FDA</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240327175201/https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/daily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-03-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FDA&rft.atitle=Daily+Value+on+the+Nutrition+and+Supplement+Facts+Labels&rft.date=2024&rft.au=United+States+Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Ffood%2Fnutrition-facts-label%2Fdaily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFenugreek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_MedicineHealth_and_Medicine_DivisionFood_and_Nutrition_BoardCommittee_to_Review_the_Dietary_Reference_Intakes_for_Sodium_and_Potassium2019" class="citation book cs1">National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538102/"><i>Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium</i></a>. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-309-48834-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-309-48834-1"><bdi>978-0-309-48834-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30844154">30844154</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240509063633/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538102/">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dietary+Reference+Intakes+for+Sodium+and+Potassium&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=The+National+Academies+Collection%3A+Reports+funded+by+National+Institutes+of+Health&rft.pub=National+Academies+Press+%28US%29&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30844154&rft.isbn=978-0-309-48834-1&rft.au=National+Academies+of+Sciences%2C+Engineering%2C+and+Medicine&rft.au=Health+and+Medicine+Division&rft.au=Food+and+Nutrition+Board&rft.au=Committee+to+Review+the+Dietary+Reference+Intakes+for+Sodium+and+Potassium&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2FNBK538102%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFenugreek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heuzé V., Thiollet H., Tran G., Lebas F., 2018. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum). Feedipedia, a programme by INRA, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.feedipedia.org/node/242">https://www.feedipedia.org/node/242</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180328231329/https://www.feedipedia.org/node/242">Archived</a> 2018-03-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGongFangDongWang2016" class="citation journal cs1">Gong, J; Fang, K; Dong, H; Wang, D; Hu, M; Lu, F (2 August 2016). 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Outbreak+of+Shiga+Toxin-Producing+Escherichia+coli+O104%3AH4+Associated+With+Organic+Fenugreek+Sprouts%2C+France%2C+June+2011&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=1588-1594&rft.date=2012&rft.issn=1058-4838&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22460976&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fcid%2Fcis255&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=L.+A.&rft.au=Nogareda%2C+F.&rft.au=Weill%2C+F.-X.&rft.au=Mariani-Kurkdjian%2C+P.&rft.au=Loukiadis%2C+E.&rft.au=Gault%2C+G.&rft.au=Jourdan-DaSilva%2C+N.&rft.au=Bingen%2C+E.&rft.au=Mace%2C+M.&rft.au=Thevenot%2C+D.&rft.au=Ong%2C+N.&rft.au=Castor%2C+C.&rft.au=Noel%2C+H.&rft.au=Van+Cauteren%2C+D.&rft.au=Charron%2C+M.&rft.au=Vaillant%2C+V.&rft.au=Aldabe%2C+B.&rft.au=Goulet%2C+V.&rft.au=Delmas%2C+G.&rft.au=Couturier%2C+E.&rft.au=Le+Strat%2C+Y.&rft.au=Combe%2C+C.&rft.au=Delmas%2C+Y.&rft.au=Terrier%2C+F.&rft.au=Vendrely%2C+B.&rft.au=Rolland%2C+P.&rft.au=de+Valk%2C+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fcid%252Fcis255&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFenugreek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenugreek&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/fenugreek" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/fenugreek"><i>fenugreek</i></a> at Wiktionary</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Culinary_herbs_and_spices" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Culinary herbs and spices</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Herb" title="Herb">Herbs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Angelica_archangelica" title="Angelica archangelica">Angelica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil" title="Basil">Basil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ocimum_tenuiflorum" title="Ocimum tenuiflorum">Holy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_basil" title="Thai basil">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_basil" title="Lemon basil">Lemon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_leaf" title="Bay leaf">Bay leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_tamala" title="Cinnamomum tamala">Indian bay leaf (<i>tejpat</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boldo" title="Boldo">Boldo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borage" title="Borage">Borage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chervil" title="Chervil">Chervil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chives" title="Chives">Chives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allium_tuberosum" title="Allium tuberosum">garlic / Chinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicely" title="Cicely">Cicely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coriander" title="Coriander">Coriander leaf / Cilantro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porophyllum_ruderale" title="Porophyllum ruderale">Bolivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persicaria_odorata" title="Persicaria odorata">Vietnamese (<i>rau răm</i>)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eryngium_foetidum" title="Eryngium foetidum">Culantro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_cress" title="Garden cress">Cress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_tree" title="Curry tree">Curry leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dill" title="Dill">Dill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysphania_ambrosioides" title="Dysphania ambrosioides">Epazote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">Hemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_auritum" title="Piper auritum">Hoja santa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houttuynia_cordata" title="Houttuynia cordata"><i>Houttuynia cordata</i> (<i>giấp cá</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyssopus_officinalis" title="Hyssopus officinalis">Hyssop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimbu" title="Jimbu">Jimbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsholtzia_ciliata" title="Elsholtzia ciliata">Kinh gioi (Vietnamese balm)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perilla_frutescens" title="Perilla frutescens">Kkaennip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavandula_angustifolia" title="Lavandula angustifolia">Lavender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_balm" title="Lemon balm">Lemon balm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymbopogon" title="Cymbopogon">Lemon grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backhousia_citriodora" title="Backhousia citriodora">Lemon myrtle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloysia_citrodora" title="Aloysia citrodora">Lemon verbena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limnophila_aromatica" title="Limnophila aromatica"><i>Limnophila aromatica</i> (rice-paddy herb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovage" title="Lovage">Lovage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjoram" title="Marjoram">Marjoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentha" title="Mentha">Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugwort" title="Mugwort">Mugwort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptotaenia_japonica" title="Cryptotaenia japonica">Mitsuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregano" title="Oregano">Oregano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsley" title="Parsley">Parsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perilla" title="Perilla">Perilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemary" title="Rosemary">Rosemary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruta_graveolens" title="Ruta graveolens">Rue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvia_officinalis" title="Salvia officinalis">Sage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satureja" title="Satureja">Savory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanthoxylum_piperitum" title="Zanthoxylum piperitum">Sanshō leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiso" title="Shiso">Shiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorrel" title="Sorrel">Sorrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarragon" title="Tarragon">Tarragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyme" title="Thyme">Thyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galium_odoratum" title="Galium odoratum">Woodruff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">Spices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_laver" title="Green laver">Aonori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajwain" title="Ajwain">Ajwain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alligator_pepper" title="Alligator pepper">Alligator pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allspice" title="Allspice">Allspice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amchoor" title="Amchoor">Amchoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anise" title="Anise">Anise</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illicium_verum" title="Illicium verum">star</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asafoetida" title="Asafoetida">Asafoetida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">Peppercorn (black/green/white)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schinus_terebinthifolia" title="Schinus terebinthifolia">Brazilian pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_camphora" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinnamomum camphora">Camphor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caraway" title="Caraway">Caraway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardamom" title="Cardamom">Cardamom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_cardamom" title="Black cardamom">black</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_cassia" title="Cinnamomum cassia">Cassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celery_powder" title="Celery powder">Celery powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celery" title="Celery">Celery seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchanania_cochinchinensis" title="Buchanania cochinchinensis">Charoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenpi" title="Chenpi">Chenpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">Chili</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chili_powder" title="Chili powder">Chili powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayenne_pepper" title="Cayenne pepper">Cayenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipotle" title="Chipotle">Chipotle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crushed_red_pepper" title="Crushed red pepper">Crushed red pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño">Jalapeño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_chile" title="New Mexico chile">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabasco_pepper" title="Tabasco pepper">Tabasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Capsicum_cultivars" title="List of Capsicum cultivars">Cultivars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">Cinnamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clove" title="Clove">Clove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coriander" title="Coriander">Coriander seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_cubeba" title="Piper cubeba">Cubeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumin" title="Cumin">Cumin</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nigella_sativa" title="Nigella sativa">Nigella sativa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bunium_persicum" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunium persicum">Bunium persicum</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perilla_frutescens" title="Perilla frutescens">Deulkkae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dill" title="Dill">Dill / Dill seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fennel" title="Fennel">Fennel</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fenugreek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trigonella_caerulea" title="Trigonella caerulea">blue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boesenbergia_rotunda" title="Boesenbergia rotunda">Fingerroot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galangal" title="Galangal">Galangal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpinia_galanga" title="Alpinia galanga">greater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpinia_officinarum" title="Alpinia officinarum">lesser</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">Garlic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">Ginger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaempferia_galanga" title="Kaempferia galanga">Aromatic ginger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heracleum_persicum" title="Heracleum persicum">Golpar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grains_of_paradise" title="Grains of paradise">Grains of paradise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grains_of_Selim" title="Grains of Selim">Grains of Selim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseradish" title="Horseradish">Horseradish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanthoxylum_piperitum" title="Zanthoxylum piperitum">Japanese pricklyash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juniper_berry" title="Juniper berry">Juniper berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garcinia_indica" title="Garcinia indica">Kokum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aframomum_corrorima" title="Aframomum corrorima">Korarima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dried_lime" title="Dried lime">Dried lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquorice" title="Liquorice">Liquorice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litsea_cubeba" title="Litsea cubeba">Litsea cubeba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_pepper" title="Long pepper">Long pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curcuma_amada" title="Curcuma amada">Mango-ginger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastic_(plant_resin)" title="Mastic (plant resin)">Mastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahleb" title="Mahleb">Mahleb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustard_plant" title="Mustard plant">Mustard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhamphospermum_nigrum" title="Rhamphospermum nigrum">black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brassica_juncea" title="Brassica juncea">brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_mustard" title="White mustard">white</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigella_sativa" title="Nigella sativa">Nigella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricinodendron" title="Ricinodendron">Njangsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutmeg" title="Nutmeg">Nutmeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onion_powder" title="Onion powder">Onion powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika">Paprika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schinus_molle" title="Schinus molle">Peruvian pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomegranate" title="Pomegranate">Pomegranate seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppy_seed" title="Poppy seed">Poppy seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psammogeton_involucratus" title="Psammogeton involucratus">Radhuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_%C3%97_damascena" title="Rosa × damascena">Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saffron" title="Saffron">Saffron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smilax_ornata" title="Smilax ornata">Sarsaparilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassafras" title="Sassafras">Sassafras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame" title="Sesame">Sesame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiso" title="Shiso">Shiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_pepper" title="Sichuan pepper">Sichuan pepper (<i>huājiāo</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumac" title="Sumac">Sumac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamarind" title="Tamarind">Tamarind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasmannia_lanceolata" title="Tasmannia lanceolata">Tasmanian pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipteryx_odorata" title="Dipteryx odorata">Tonka bean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turmeric" title="Turmeric">Turmeric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzazi" title="Uzazi">Uzazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanilla" title="Vanilla">Vanilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_borbonense" title="Piper borbonense">Voatsiperifery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasabi" title="Wasabi">Wasabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzu" title="Yuzu">Yuzu zest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curcuma_zedoaria" title="Curcuma zedoaria">Zedoary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berberis_vulgaris" title="Berberis vulgaris">Zereshk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zest_(ingredient)" title="Zest (ingredient)">Zest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spice_mix" title="Spice mix">Blends</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajika" title="Ajika">Adjika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advieh" title="Advieh">Advieh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baharat" title="Baharat">Baharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beau_Monde_seasoning" title="Beau Monde seasoning">Beau monde seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berbere" title="Berbere">Berbere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouquet_garni" title="Bouquet garni">Bouquet garni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buknu" title="Buknu">Buknu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaat_masala" title="Chaat masala">Chaat masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempering_(spices)" title="Tempering (spices)">Chaunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon_sugar" title="Cinnamon sugar">Cinnamon sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_boil" title="Crab boil">Crab boil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_powder" title="Curry powder">Curry powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubanjiang" title="Doubanjiang">Doubanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douchi" title="Douchi">Douchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duqqa" title="Duqqa">Duqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fines_herbes" title="Fines herbes">Fines herbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-spice_powder" title="Five-spice powder">Five-spice powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garam_masala" title="Garam masala">Garam masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic_powder" title="Garlic powder">Garlic powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic_salt" title="Garlic salt">Garlic salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gochujang" title="Gochujang">Gochujang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harissa" title="Harissa">Harissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaij" title="Hawaij">Hawaij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbes_de_Provence" title="Herbes de Provence">Herbes de Provence</a></li> <li><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BAng_l%C3%ACu" title="Húng lìu">Húng lìu</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idli_podi" title="Idli podi">Idli podi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_seasoning" title="Italian seasoning">Italian seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerk_(cooking)" title="Jerk (cooking)">Jamaican jerk spice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmeli_suneli" title="Khmeli suneli">Khmeli suneli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_pepper" title="Lemon pepper">Lemon pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitmita" title="Mitmita">Mitmita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_spice" title="Mixed spice">Mixed spice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_steak_seasoning" title="Montreal steak seasoning">Montreal steak seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulling_spices" title="Mulling spices">Mulling spices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Bay_Seasoning" title="Old Bay Seasoning">Old Bay Seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panch_phoron" title="Panch phoron">Panch phoron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persillade" title="Persillade">Persillade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powder-douce" title="Powder-douce">Powder-douce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpkin_pie_spice" title="Pumpkin pie spice">Pumpkin pie spice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q%C3%A2lat_daqqa" title="Qâlat daqqa">Qâlat daqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quatre_%C3%A9pices" title="Quatre épices">Quatre épices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ras_el_hanout" title="Ras el hanout">Ras el hanout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recado_rojo" title="Recado rojo">Recado rojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharena_sol" title="Sharena sol">Sharena sol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shichimi" title="Shichimi">Shichimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabil" title="Tabil">Tabil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taj%C3%ADn_seasoning" title="Tajín seasoning">Tajin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandoori_masala" title="Tandoori masala">Tandoori masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thuna_paha" title="Thuna paha">Thuna paha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadouvan" title="Vadouvan">Vadouvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzu_kosh%C5%8D" title="Yuzu koshō">Yuzu koshō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Za%27atar" title="Za'atar">Za'atar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_culinary_herbs_and_spices" title="List of culinary herbs and spices">Culinary</a></li> <li>By region <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_herbs_and_spices" title="List of Australian herbs and spices">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bangladeshi_spices" title="List of Bangladeshi spices">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_spices" title="List of Indian spices">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_spices" title="List of Pakistani spices">Pakistani</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_herbology" title="Chinese herbology">Chinese herbology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbal_tea" title="Herbal tea">Herbal tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marination" title="Marination">Marination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seasoning" title="Seasoning">Seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spice_rub" title="Spice rub">Spice rub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Trigonella foenum-graecum</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133205" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q133205">Q133205</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Trigonella_foenum-graecum" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Trigonella foenum-graecum">Trigonella foenum-graecum</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">APDB: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/63864">63864</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Plant_Name_Index" title="Australian Plant Name Index">APNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/59141">59141</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id40019">40019</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Calflora: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-calrecnum=8589">8589</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/58R6D">58R6D</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ecocrop" title="Ecocrop">Ecocrop</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecocrop.review.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropView?id=10554">10554</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/703366">703366</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/TRKFG">TRKFG</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/European_Nature_Information_System" class="mw-redirect" title="European Nature Information System">EUNIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/species/171525">171525</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200012345">200012345</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China_(series)" title="Flora of China (series)">FoC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200012345">200012345</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/5360475">5360475</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=40421">40421</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/122771">122771</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/523957-1">523957-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=11234360">11234360</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Invasive_Species_Compendium" title="Invasive Species Compendium">ISC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/54923">54923</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=505590">505590</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/NatureServe" title="NatureServe">NatureServe</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.151298/">2.151298</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nbn.org.uk/Taxa/NBNSYS0000014628">NBNSYS0000014628</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=78534">78534</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/78d52ad5-0950-44d7-8be9-6d567daf5591">78d52ad5-0950-44d7-8be9-6d567daf5591</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=1007994">1007994</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">PFI: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dryades.units.it/floritaly/index.php?procedure=taxon_page&tipo=all&id=2564">2564</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">Plant List</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/ild-8021">ild-8021</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service#Plants" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">PLANTS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/TRFO80">TRFO80</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A523957-1">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:523957-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/South_African_National_Biodiversity_Institute" title="South African National Biodiversity Institute">SANBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://redlist.sanbi.org/species.php?species=343-2">343-2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/13034390">13034390</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">WoI: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wildflowers.co.il/english/plant.asp?ID=1755">1755</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-0000212944">wfo-0000212944</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span 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