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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:Help" title="About the project, what you can do, where to find things"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes in the wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-mw-translate" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:LanguageStats"><span>Translate content</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Load a random page [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random page</span></a></li><li id="n-mw-discussion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:Village_Pump"><span>Village pump</span></a></li><li id="n-Sandboxlink-portlet-label" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:Sandbox"><span>Sandbox</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-lang" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other languages </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inklusive_Sprache" title="Inklusive Sprache – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Inklusive Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusive_language" title="Inclusive language – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Inclusive language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguaje_inclusivo" title="Lenguaje inclusivo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lenguaje inclusivo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langage_inclusif" title="Langage inclusif – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langage inclusif" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iek%C4%BCaujo%C5%A1a_valoda" title="Iekļaujoša valoda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Iekļaujoša valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusief_taalgebruik" title="Inclusief taalgebruik – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Inclusief taalgebruik" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkluderende_spr%C3%A5k" title="Inkluderende språk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Inkluderende språk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguagem_inclusiva" title="Linguagem inclusiva – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Linguagem inclusiva" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapsay%C4%B1c%C4%B1_dil" title="Kapsayıcı dil – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kapsayıcı dil" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q65088698#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/MediaWiki" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/mediawikiwiki.svg" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="MediaWiki" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/mediawikiwiki-wordmark.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div 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name="search" placeholder="Search MediaWiki" aria-label="Search MediaWiki" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search MediaWiki [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-uls" class="mw-list-item active user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="#" class="uls-trigger cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>English</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Inclusive+language" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Inclusive+language" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Inclusive+language" title="You are encouraged to create an 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[y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" 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href="#Terms_to_avoid_and_their_alternatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Terms to avoid and their alternatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terms_to_avoid_and_their_alternatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-How_to_help" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#How_to_help"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>How to help</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-How_to_help-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Resources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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href="/wiki/Inclusive_language" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Page</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Inclusive_language" rel="discussion" title="Discussion about the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu 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class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inclusive_language&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inclusive_language&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Inclusive_language" title="A list of all wiki pages that link here [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Inclusive_language" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mediawiki.org%2Fwiki%2FInclusive_language"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mediawiki.org%2Fwiki%2FInclusive_language"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Inclusive+language"><span>Create a book</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Inclusive_language&action=show-download-screen"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inclusive_language&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Inclusive_language" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikipedia mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusive_language" hreflang="en"><span>Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q65088698" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From mediawiki.org</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-pt-translate-header noprint nomobile" dir="ltr" lang="en"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Inclusive+language&action=page&filter=&action_source=translate_page" title="Special:Translate">Translate this page</a></div><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-pt-languages noprint navigation-not-searchable" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-pt-languages-label">Languages:</div><ul class="mw-pt-languages-list"><li><span class="mw-pt-languages-ui mw-pt-languages-selected mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--complete" lang="en" dir="ltr">English</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_language/es" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Lenguaje inclusivo (44% translated)" lang="es" dir="ltr">español</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_language/fr" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Langage inclusif (97% translated)" lang="fr" dir="ltr">français</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_language/hu" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Elfogadó nyelvezet (44% translated)" lang="hu" dir="ltr">magyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_language/pl" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Inclusive language/pl (7% translated)" lang="pl" dir="ltr">polski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_language/cs" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Inkluzivní jazyk (97% translated)" lang="cs" dir="ltr">čeština</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_language/uk" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Інклюзивна мова (39% translated)" lang="uk" dir="ltr">українська</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_language/kk" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Инклюзивті тіл (8% translated)" lang="kk" dir="ltr">қазақша</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_language/ja" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="包括的言語 (10% translated)" lang="ja" dir="ltr">日本語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_language/nan" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Pau-iông-sìng gí-giân (15% translated)" lang="nan" dir="ltr">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li></ul></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6824882">.mw-parser-output table.ambox{margin:0 10%;width:unset;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output table.ambox+table.ambox,.mw-parser-output table.ambox+link+table.ambox,.mw-parser-output table.ambox+style+table.ambox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox th.mbox-text,.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-imageright{padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left-color:#36c}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-speedy{background-color:var(--background-color-error-subtle,#fee7e6)}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-delete,.mw-parser-output table.ambox-speedy{border-left-color:var(--background-color-error--active,#b32424)}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;box-sizing:border-box;width:238px;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}</style><table class="ambox ambox-notice plainlinks metadata" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/OOjs_UI_icon_check-constructive.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_check-constructive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/OOjs_UI_icon_check-constructive.svg/45px-OOjs_UI_icon_check-constructive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/OOjs_UI_icon_check-constructive.svg/60px-OOjs_UI_icon_check-constructive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"/></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This page documents a MediaWiki <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Development_guidelines" title="Special:MyLanguage/Development guidelines">development guideline</a>, crafted over time by developer consensus (or sometimes by proclamation from a lead developer)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>We want to encourage a culture of inclusivity, and part of doing that is making sure we use appropriate language where we can. </p><p>While some people may argue that these words aren't offensive to them, or that the words were never added with an offensive intention, they need to be aware that these words are potentially offensive to other groups of people, and we should endeavour to remove the usages. </p><p>This effort also helps fulfill our commitment to the <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Code_of_Conduct" title="Special:MyLanguage/Code of Conduct">Code of Conduct</a><span style="display:none"><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Conduct" title="Code of Conduct"> </a></span>: </p> <blockquote><p>In the interest of fostering an open and welcoming community, we are committed to making participation in Wikimedia technical projects a respectful and harassment-free experience for everyone [...]</p></blockquote> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"/> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Terms_to_avoid_and_their_alternatives" data-mw-thread-id="h-Terms_to_avoid_and_their_alternatives"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Terms_to_avoid_and_their_alternatives"></span>Terms to avoid and their alternatives<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Terms_to_avoid_and_their_alternatives"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inclusive_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terms to avoid and their alternatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following list is incomplete. See the <a href="#Resources">#Resources</a> section below for other recommendations. We use different alternative words in different contexts, for better grammatical or technical accuracy. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Words to be avoided </th> <th>Suggested alternative words </th> <th>Context </th></tr> <tr> <td>blacklist</td> <td>denylist, deny, exclude, prohibit, forbid, mute, (But not "block" or "ban" because of existing MediaWiki meanings)</td> <td>Avoid language that perpetuates discrimination </td></tr> <tr> <td>whitelist</td> <td>allowlist, allow, include, permit</td> <td>Avoid language that perpetuates discrimination </td></tr> <tr> <td>master</td> <td>primary, source, main, development branch</td> <td>Avoid language that perpetuates discrimination </td></tr> <tr> <td>slave</td> <td>replica, secondary</td> <td>Avoid language that perpetuates discrimination </td></tr> <tr> <td>guys</td> <td>people, folks</td> <td>Avoid unnecessarily gendered language </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Words that assume someone's gender, including "sir"/"madam"</i></td> <td><i>Gender-neutral terms or the person's name; or check their userpage, Phab profile, etc., to see if they've shared how they identify</i></td> <td>Avoid misgendering </td></tr> <tr> <td>sanity check</td> <td>is valid, is correct, integrity check, final check, quick check, completeness check, confidence check, coherence check, double check</td> <td>Avoid ableist language </td></tr> <tr> <td>sane</td> <td>reasonable, typical, common</td> <td>Avoid ableist language </td></tr> <tr> <td>crazy, insane</td> <td>wild, confusing, confounding</td> <td>Avoid ableist language </td></tr> <tr> <td>blindly, dumb</td> <td>mindlessly, without validating</td> <td>Avoid ableist language </td></tr> <tr> <td>crippled</td> <td>slowed, broken</td> <td>Avoid ableist language </td></tr> <tr> <td>kill switch, kill it with fire</td> <td>off switch, emergency switch, feature flag, remove</td> <td>Avoid unnecessarily violent language </td></tr> <tr> <td>grandfathered</td> <td>legacy, exempt</td> <td>Avoid language that perpetuates discrimination </td></tr> <tr> <td>handicap</td> <td>hurt, negatively affect</td> <td>Avoid ableist language </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>(In some contexts)</i> disable/disabled</td> <td><i>Guides vary, with some stating that it is acceptable to use it (perhaps just in technical documentation), and others recommending replacement with</i> 'deactivate, inactive, unavailable, turn off, deselect'.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://support.apple.com/en-ca/guide/applestyleguide/apsg7af4f5d0/1.0/web/1.0#apdd167d6f70b0a4">[1]</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://inclusivenaming.org/word-lists/no-change/disable/">[2]</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://developers.google.com/style/word-list#disable">[3]</a></td> <td>Avoid ableist language </td></tr> <tr> <td>abort</td> <td>cancel, force quit, end, halt, stop, hard stop</td> <td>Politically charged term outside of computing. Avoid unnecessarily violent language. </td></tr> <tr> <td>blackhat, whitehat</td> <td>unethical hacker, attacker, ethical hacker</td> <td>Avoid language that perpetuates discrimination </td></tr> <tr> <td>tribe</td> <td>team, squad, group</td> <td>Can be assocaited with colonialism / cultural approriation. Avoid language that perpetuates discrimination. </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>It is noted that there are some cases where we may not be able to change/remove some of our usages of these words, such as until the upstream developers has fixed them and it trickles down into our deployed software. This is okay as it is out of our control. It could be worth checking with the upstream if they plan to fix similar issues in their own codebases. However, we can and should address these words in our codebases when we are able to. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="How_to_help" data-mw-thread-id="h-How_to_help"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-How_to_help"></span>How to help<span data-mw-comment-end="h-How_to_help"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inclusive_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: How to help"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6853958">.mw-parser-output .tpl-tracked{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#EAECF0);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid #72777D;border-radius:2px;font-size:85%;margin-bottom:1em;padding:0.5em;text-align:center;width:12em}.mw-parser-output .tpl-tracked.float-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .tpl-tracked.float-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .tpl-tracked .status{color:black;font-weight:bold;text-transform:uppercase}.mw-parser-output .tpl-tracked .status.resolved{color:green}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tpl-tracked .status:not(.resolved){color:white}}</style><div class="tpl-tracked plainlinks mw-trackedTemplate float-right">Tracked in <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="phabricator:">Phabricator</a><br/><b><a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254646" class="extiw" title="phabricator:T254646"><span class="trakfab-T254646">Task T254646</span></a></b><br/><span class="status"></span></div> <p>If you're looking to help with this effort, <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254646" class="extiw" title="phabricator:T254646">task T254646</a> is a good starting point for some discussion around the issue, and also to find specific tasks for areas of code that needs updating. </p><p>Some of these may be as simple as updating/improving comments and variable names. </p><p>Others may be more complex and need functions and hooks renaming, while following our <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/stable_interface_policy" title="Special:MyLanguage/stable interface policy">stable interface policy</a><span style="display:none"><a href="/wiki/Stable_interface_policy" title="Stable interface policy"> </a></span>. </p><p>Some usages may need to stay around for longer, but will generally stop being the canonical code, showing the intention for this to be removed in the near future. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="References"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Resources" data-mw-thread-id="h-Resources"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Resources"></span>Resources<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Resources"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inclusive_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Resources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Other organisations' related guidelines and documentation (via <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/cdanis/inclusive-style-guides">cdanis</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/ietf/terminology">ietf</a> which list many more) <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/about/diversity/inclusivity-style-guide.html">American Chemical Society Inclusivity Style Guide</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://source.android.com/setup/contribute/respectful-code">Android Open Source Project's "Coding with Respect"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.apple.com/applestyleguide/">Apple's Style Guide</a> - (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.apple.com/applestyleguide/#/apsg346ef241?sub=apd565c2b8a8f654">section on inclusive language</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.apple.com/applestyleguide/#/apsg72b28652?sub=apd6cbd3fd45">entry on master/slave</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.apple.com/applestyleguide/#/apsg1a3a0436?sub=apd9aaca4623">entry on blacklist/whitelist</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://btprodspecificationrefs.blob.core.windows.net/language-mapping/Appropriate_Language_Mapping_Table.pdf?mkt_tok=eyJpIjoiTWpOa05EUmxaV1EwWkRWbCIsInQiOiJnR1dHMEdpeWNTcXFVdG92NVhGNkVPcEdmWGFlOWppbmMzNVBJdkZiTUxXRjk5bG5cL3RHV3JaSDBXRVhkMThoMEVFRVZ3NXlzOUYyekl4TmJmVlM4bHJZa0x4YmowdFJjOTBMT2d4b2l4eEMxcmIya0FcL1IrSk5KVGw2OVZGV1wvXC8ifQ%3D%3D">Bluetooth SIG's "Appropriate Language Mapping Tables"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/master/styleguide/inclusive_code.md">Chromium's "Inclusive Code" document</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developers.google.com/style/inclusive-documentation">Google's "Writing Inclusive Documentation"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developers.google.com/style/word-list">Google's "Developer documentation style guide word list"</a></li> <li>Internet Engineering Task Force: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-knodel-terminology-04">Terminology, Power, and Inclusive Language in Internet-Drafts and RFCs</a> (draft v.4)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/ietf/terminology">Inclusive terminology in IETF Documents</a> (work in progress)</li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/style-guide/bias-free-communication">Microsoft's "Bias-free communication" document</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/TwitterEng/status/1278733305190342656">Twitter Engineering</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w3c.github.io/manual-of-style/#inclusive">W3C Manual of Style</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://contentdesign.intuit.com/word-list/">Intuit's Word list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inclusivenaming.org/">Inclusive Naming Initiative</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.writethedocs.org/guide/writing/reducing-bias/">WriteTheDocs' Reducing bias in your writing</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/get-woke/woke">Woke</a>, a non-inclusive language detection tool</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://languageplease.org/style-guide/">Digital Journalism Style Guide of Inclusive Language - Language Please</a></li></ul> <p><br/> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Further_reading" data-mw-thread-id="h-Further_reading"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Further_reading"></span>Further reading<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Further_reading"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inclusive_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/uk-ncsc-to-stop-using-whitelist-and-blacklist-due-to-racial-stereotyping/">UK NCSC to stop using 'whitelist' and 'blacklist' due to racial stereotyping</a>", ZDNet (2020)</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/8x7akv/masterslave-terminology-was-removed-from-python-programming-language">‘Master/Slave’ Terminology Was Removed from Python Programming Language</a>", Vice (2018)</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6148600/">“Blacklists” and “whitelists”: a salutary warning concerning the prevalence of racist language in discussions of predatory publishing</a>", Journal of the Medical Library Association (2018)</li> <li>"Racism in the English Language", Robert B. Moore (1976)</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/42575809?seq=1">Is the English Language Anybody's Enemy?</a>", ETC: A Review of General Semantics (1975)</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00064246.1973.11431345">The Racist Use of the English Language</a>", Journal of Black Studies and Research (1973)</li> <li>"That Word Black", Langston Hughes (1958)</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://betterallies.medium.com/use-this-rubric-for-more-inclusive-language-and-other-actions-for-allies-44f784632ae">Use This Rubric for More Inclusive Language, and Other Actions for Allies"</a>, Better Allies® blog (2020)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6230902">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid 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extensions</a><span style="display:none"><a href="/wiki/Best_practices_for_extensions" title="Best practices for extensions"> </a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pre-commit_checklist" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pre-commit checklist">Pre-commit checklist</a><span style="display:none"><a href="/wiki/Manual:Pre-commit_checklist" title="Manual:Pre-commit checklist"> </a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Code conventions</th><td class="navbox-list1 navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Coding_conventions#Code_structure" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Coding conventions">All languages</a><span style="display:none"><a href="/wiki/Manual:Coding_conventions#Code_structure" title="Manual:Coding conventions"> </a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Coding_conventions/PHP" 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href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Coding_conventions/Java" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Coding conventions/Java">Java</a><span style="display:none"><a href="/wiki/Manual:Coding_conventions/Java" title="Manual:Coding conventions/Java"> </a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Coding_conventions/SVG" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Coding conventions/SVG">SVG</a><span style="display:none"><a href="/wiki/Manual:Coding_conventions/SVG" title="Manual:Coding conventions/SVG"> </a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Coding_conventions/Vue" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Coding conventions/Vue">Vue</a><span style="display:none"><a href="/wiki/Manual:Coding_conventions/Vue" title="Manual:Coding conventions/Vue"> </a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Coding_conventions/Database" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Coding conventions/Database">Database schemas</a><span style="display:none"><a 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