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Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A" title="هوموفوني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هوموفوني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Гамафонія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гамафонія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Хомофония – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хомофония" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homofonia" title="Homofonia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Homofonia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homofonie_(hudba)" title="Homofonie (hudba) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Homofonie (hudba)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homofoni" title="Homofoni – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Homofoni" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homophonie_(Musik)" title="Homophonie (Musik) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Homophonie (Musik)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homofoonia" title="Homofoonia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Homofoonia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%86%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1_(%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE)" title="Ομοφωνία (μουσική) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ομοφωνία (μουσική)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homofon%C3%ADa_(m%C3%BAsica)" title="Homofonía (música) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Homofonía (música)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homofonio" title="Homofonio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Homofonio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homofonia_(musika)" title="Homofonia (musika) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Homofonia (musika)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="هم‌صدایی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هم‌صدایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homophonie#Musique" title="Homophonie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Homophonie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homofon%C3%ADa_(m%C3%BAsica)" title="Homofonía (música) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Homofonía (música)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%98%B8%EB%AA%A8%ED%8F%AC%EB%8B%88" title="호모포니 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="호모포니" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%86%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Հոմոֆոնիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հոմոֆոնիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homofonija" title="Homofonija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Homofonija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homofoni" title="Homofoni – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Homofoni" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omofonia_(musica)" title="Omofonia (musica) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Omofonia (musica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94" title="הומופוניה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הומופוניה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ჰომოფონია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰომოფონია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гомофония – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Гомофония" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homof%C3%B3nia_(zene)" title="Homofónia (zene) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Homofónia (zene)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homofonie_(muziek)" title="Homofonie (muziek) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Homofonie (muziek)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9B%E3%83%A2%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC" title="ホモフォニー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ホモフォニー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homofoni" title="Homofoni – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Homofoni" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homofoni" title="Homofoni – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Homofoni" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gomofoniya" title="Gomofoniya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gomofoniya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homofonia_(muzyka)" title="Homofonia (muzyka) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Homofonia (muzyka)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homofonia" title="Homofonia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Homofonia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гомофония – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гомофония" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homophony" title="Homophony – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Homophony" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homof%C3%B3nia" title="Homofónia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Homofónia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homofonia" title="Homofonia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Homofonia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homofoni" title="Homofoni – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Homofoni" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D3%A3" title="Ҳамсадоӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳамсадоӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homofonik" title="Homofonik – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Homofonik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Гомофонія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гомофонія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" title="主音音樂 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="主音音樂" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" title="主音音樂 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="主音音樂" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q207349#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Texture in music</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the musical term. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Homophony_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Homophony (disambiguation)">Homophony (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:If_ye_love_me.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/If_ye_love_me.png/400px-If_ye_love_me.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/If_ye_love_me.png/600px-If_ye_love_me.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/If_ye_love_me.png 2x" data-file-width="751" data-file-height="462" /></a><figcaption>Homophony in <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tallis" title="Thomas Tallis">Tallis'</a> "<a href="/wiki/If_Ye_Love_Me" class="mw-redirect" title="If Ye Love Me">If Ye Love Me</a>", composed in 1549. The soprano sings the melody (the primary line) while the lower voices fill out the harmony (as supporting lines). The rhythmic unison in all the parts makes this passage an example of homorhythm.<span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="18" data-mwtitle="If_ye_love_me.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/If_ye_love_me.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/If_ye_love_me.ogg/If_ye_love_me.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></figcaption></figure> <p>In music, <b>homophony</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span></span>(<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>)<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>-/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek:</a> ὁμόφωνος, <i>homóphōnos</i>, from ὁμός, <i>homós</i>, "same" and φωνή, <i>phōnē</i>, "sound, tone") is a <a href="/wiki/Texture_(music)" title="Texture (music)">texture</a> in which a primary <a href="/wiki/Part_(music)" title="Part (music)">part</a> is supported by one or more additional strands that provide the <a href="/wiki/Harmony" title="Harmony">harmony</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One melody predominates while the other parts play either single notes or an elaborate accompaniment. This differentiation of roles contrasts with equal-voice <a href="/wiki/Polyphony" title="Polyphony">polyphony</a> (in which similar lines move with rhythmic and melodic independence to form an even texture) and <a href="/wiki/Monophony" title="Monophony">monophony</a> (in which all parts move in unison or octaves).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historically, homophony and its differentiated roles for parts emerged in tandem with <a href="/wiki/Tonality" title="Tonality">tonality</a>, which gave distinct harmonic functions to the soprano, bass and inner voices. </p><p>A homophonic texture may be <a href="/wiki/Homorhythm" title="Homorhythm">homorhythmic</a>, which means that all parts have the same rhythm.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chorale" title="Chorale">Chorale</a> texture is another variant of homophony. The most common type of homophony is <b>melody-dominated homophony</b>, in which one voice, often the highest, plays a distinct melody, and the accompanying voices work together to articulate an underlying harmony.<sup id="cite_ref-Grove_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grove-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Initially, in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a>, homophony indicated music in which a single melody is performed by two or more voices in <a href="/wiki/Unison" title="Unison">unison</a> or <a href="/wiki/Octave" title="Octave">octaves</a>, i.e. monophony with multiple voices. Homophony as a term first appeared in English with <a href="/wiki/Charles_Burney" title="Charles Burney">Charles Burney</a> in 1776, emphasizing the concord of harmonized melody.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homophony&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_music">European music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homophony&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: European music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Homophony first appeared as one of the predominant textures in <a href="/wiki/European_classical_music" class="mw-redirect" title="European classical music">Western classical music</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> period in the early 17th century, when composers began to commonly compose with vertical harmony in mind, the homophonic <a href="/wiki/Basso_continuo" title="Basso continuo">basso continuo</a> becoming a definitive feature of the style.<sup id="cite_ref-Grove_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grove-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Western music, homophony may have originated in dance music, in which a simple and direct rhythmic style was needed for the prescribed bodily movements of individual dances. Homophony and polyphony coexisted in the 1600s and 1700s. Polyphony was the common melody during the Renaissance period. During the Baroque period, monophony became the new modern style. The choral arrangement of four voices (<a href="/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano">soprano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alto" title="Alto">alto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tenor" title="Tenor">tenor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Base_(voice)" class="mw-redirect" title="Base (voice)">bass</a>) has since become common in Western classical music.<sup id="cite_ref-Grove_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grove-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Homophony began by appearing in <a href="/wiki/Sacred_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred music">sacred music</a>, replacing polyphony and monophony as the dominant form, but spread to secular music, for which it is one of the standard forms today. </p><p>Composers known for their homophonic work during the Baroque period include Claudio Monteverdi, Antonio Vivaldi, George Frideric Handel, and Johann Sebastian Bach. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/20th-century_classical_music" title="20th-century classical music">20th-century classical music</a> some of the "triad-oriented accompanimental figures such as the <a href="/wiki/Alberti_bass" title="Alberti bass">Alberti bass</a> [a homophonic form of accompaniment] have largely disappeared from usage and, rather than the traditional interdependence of melodic and chordal pitches sharing the same tonal basis, a clear distinction may exist between the pitch materials of the melody and harmony, commonly avoiding duplication. However, some traditional devices, such as repeated chords, are still used.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a> and other forms of modern popular music generally feature homophonic influences, following <a href="/wiki/Chord_progression" title="Chord progression">chord progressions</a> over which musicians play a melody or improvise.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="African_and_Asian_music">African and Asian music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homophony&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: African and Asian music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Homophony has appeared in several non-Western cultures,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> perhaps particularly in regions where communal vocal music has been cultivated. When explorer <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama">Vasco da Gama</a> landed in West Africa in 1497, he referred to the music he heard there as being in <a href="/wiki/Traditional_sub-Saharan_African_harmony" title="Traditional sub-Saharan African harmony">"sweet harmony"</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Annan_Mensah,_Atta_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Annan_Mensah,_Atta-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the concept of harmony in that time was not necessarily the same as the concept of homophony as understood by modern scholars,<sup id="cite_ref-Annan_Mensah,_Atta_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Annan_Mensah,_Atta-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is generally accepted that homophonic voice harmonies were commonplace in <a href="/wiki/African_music" class="mw-redirect" title="African music">African music</a> for centuries before contact with Europeans and is common in African music today. Singers normally harmonize voices in homophonic parallelism moving in <a href="/wiki/Traditional_sub-Saharan_African_harmony" title="Traditional sub-Saharan African harmony">parallel</a> <a href="/wiki/Mediant" title="Mediant">thirds</a> or <a href="/wiki/Subdominant" title="Subdominant">fourths</a>. This type of harmonic model is also implemented in instrumental music where voices are stacked in thirds or fourths. Homophonic Parallelism is not restricted to thirds and fourths, however all harmonic material adheres to the scalar system the particular tune or song is based on. The use of harmony in sixths is common in areas where a hexatonic scale system is used .<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For instance, the <a href="/wiki/Beti-Pahuin#Fang" class="mw-redirect" title="Beti-Pahuin">Fang</a> people of <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a> use homophony in their music.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In eastern <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian music">Indonesia</a> (i.e. in the music of the <a href="/wiki/Toraja" class="mw-redirect" title="Toraja">Toraja</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Sulawesi" title="South Sulawesi">South Sulawesi</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Flores" title="Flores">Flores</a>, in <a href="/wiki/East_Kalimantan" title="East Kalimantan">East Kalimantan</a> and in <a href="/wiki/North_Sulawesi" title="North Sulawesi">North Sulawesi</a>), two-part harmonies are common, usually in intervals of thirds, fourths or fifths.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese music">Chinese music</a> is generally thought to be homophonic, since instruments typically provide accompaniment in parallel fourths and fifths and often double the voice in vocal music, <a href="/wiki/Heterophony" title="Heterophony">heterophony</a> also being common in China.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Melody-dominated_homophony">Melody-dominated homophony</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homophony&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Melody-dominated homophony"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In melody-dominated homophony, accompanying voices provide chordal support for the lead voice, which assumes the melody.<sup id="cite_ref-Grove_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grove-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some <a href="/wiki/Popular_music" title="Popular music">popular music</a> today might be considered melody-dominated homophony, voice typically taking on the lead role, while instruments like piano, guitar and bass guitar normally accompany the voice. In many cases, instruments also take on the lead role, and often the role switches between parts, voice taking the lead during a <a href="/wiki/Stanza" title="Stanza">verse</a> and instruments subsequently taking <a href="/wiki/Solo_(music)" title="Solo (music)">solos</a>, during which the other instruments provide chordal support. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Monody" title="Monody">Monody</a> is similar to melody-dominated homophony in that one voice becomes the melody, while another voice assumes the underlying harmony. Monody, however, is characterized by a single voice with instrumental accompaniment, whereas melody-dominated homophony refers to a broader category of homophonic music, which includes works for multiple voices, not just works for solo voice, as was the tradition with early 17th-century Italian monody.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/e/s/esg6zc196u5hy2845e9cwv2z8wzyf87/esg6zc19.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/e/s/esg6zc196u5hy2845e9cwv2z8wzyf87/esg6zc19.png" width="697" height="190" alt=" {
\new PianoStaff <<
\new Staff { \relative c' { \key e \major \tempo "Lento" \partial 4 b4_\markup{ \italic "sostenuto"}(| gis'4. a8 b dis e cis b2 fis4.
gis8^\markup{ \bold "Frédéric Chopin: Nocturne, Op. 62 No. 2"}
e2\< fis8 gis a b cis2) r8\! cis4(\> b8 b4 a\!)} }
\new Staff { \relative c, { \key e \major \clef "bass"
\partial 4 r4 | e\sustainOn <e' gis cis>\sustainOff(<b gis' b>\sustainOn <gis' cis e>\sustainOff)
b,,\sustainOn <fis'' dis'>(<a dis> <dis b,>)\sustainOff <cis, cis,>\sustainOn
<e gis cis>\sustainOff <b b,>\sustainOn <e gis d'>\sustainOff <a, a,>\sustainOn <e' cis'>\sustainOff
<gis, gis,>\sustainOn <eis' cis' b>\sustainOff <fis, fis,>\sustainOn <cis' cis'>\sustainOff } }
>> }
" /><div style="margin-top: 3px;"><audio controls=""><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/e/s/esg6zc196u5hy2845e9cwv2z8wzyf87/esg6zc19.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" /><div>Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/e/s/esg6zc196u5hy2845e9cwv2z8wzyf87/esg6zc19.mp3">download the audio file</a>.</div></audio></div></div></dd></dl> <p>Melody dominated homophony in <a href="/wiki/Chopin" class="mw-redirect" title="Chopin">Chopin</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Nocturnes,_Op._62_(Chopin)#Nocturne_in_E_major,_Op._62,_No._2" title="Nocturnes, Op. 62 (Chopin)">Nocturne in E Op. 62 No. 2.</a> The left hand (<a href="/wiki/Bass_clef" class="mw-redirect" title="Bass clef">bass clef</a>) provides chordal support for the melody played by the right hand (treble clef). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homophony&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counterpoint" title="Counterpoint">Counterpoint</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homophony&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Homophony">"Homophony"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 21,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Homophony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FHomophony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomophony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617115647/https://www.lexico.com/definition/homophony">"Homophony"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/Homophony">the original</a> on June 17, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Homophony&rft.btitle=Lexico+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2FHomophony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomophony" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTubb1987" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Tubb" class="extiw" title="nl:Monte Tubb">Tubb, Monte</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in Dutch]</span> (Fall 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcollections.lipscomb.edu/jmtp/vol1/iss1/14">"Textural Constructions in Music"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Music_Theory_Pedagogy" title="Journal of Music Theory Pedagogy">Journal of Music Theory Pedagogy</a></i>. <b>1</b> (1): 201. Article 14. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240307204102/https://digitalcollections.lipscomb.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1343&context=jmtp">Archived</a> from the original on March 7, 2024 – via Carolyn Wilson Digital Collections.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Music+Theory+Pedagogy&rft.atitle=Textural+Constructions+in+Music&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=201&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Tubb&rft.aufirst=Monte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcollections.lipscomb.edu%2Fjmtp%2Fvol1%2Fiss1%2F14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomophony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McKay, George Frederick (2005). <i>Creative Orchestration.</i> George Frederick McKay Music Publishing, Bainbridge Island, Washington. (Originally published by Allyn & Bacon, Boston 1963, 2nd ed. 1965).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffiths2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Griffiths_(writer)" title="Paul Griffiths (writer)">Griffiths, Paul</a> (2004). "homorhythm". <i>The Penguin Companion to Classical Music</i>. Penguin Group. p. 375. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-051559-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-051559-6"><bdi>978-0-14-051559-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/61504797">61504797</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=homorhythm&rft.btitle=The+Penguin+Companion+to+Classical+Music&rft.pages=375&rft.pub=Penguin+Group&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F61504797&rft.isbn=978-0-14-051559-6&rft.aulast=Griffiths&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomophony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandel1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-location-test"><a href="/wiki/Don_Michael_Randel" title="Don Michael Randel">Randel, Don Michael</a> (1999). "Homorhythmic". Written at Ithaca, New York. <i>The Harvard Concise Dictionary of Music and Musicians</i>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. p. 305. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-00084-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-00084-1"><bdi>978-0-674-00084-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/41951291">41951291</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Homorhythmic&rft.btitle=The+Harvard+Concise+Dictionary+of+Music+and+Musicians&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=305&rft.pub=Belknap+Press+of+Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F41951291&rft.isbn=978-0-674-00084-1&rft.aulast=Randel&rft.aufirst=Don+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomophony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grove-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Grove_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grove_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grove_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grove_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hyer, Brian. "Homophony", <i><a href="/wiki/Grove_Music_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Grove Music Online">Grove Music Online</a></i>, ed. L. Macy (accessed September 24, 2006) (Subscription required).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Todd Michel McComb, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medieval.org/emfaq/misc/homophony.html">"What is monophony, polyphony, homophony, monody etc.?"</a> <i>Early Music FAQ</i> (accessed May 19, 2009). The Online Etymology Dictionary (<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?l=h&p=28&allowed_in_frame=0">[1]</a> gives 1768 as the date of earliest usage of the word, but without reference.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DeLone, Richard (1975). "Timbre and Texture in Twentieth-Century Music", <i>Aspects of 20th Century Music</i>, p.111 and 113. Wittlich, Gary (ed.). Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-049346-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-049346-0">978-0-13-049346-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://trumpet.sdsu.edu/M151/Elements_of_Music6.html">"Elements of Music – Part Six"</a>, <i>Music in Our World</i> (accessed October 11, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061028135648/http://trumpet.sdsu.edu/M151/Elements_of_Music6.html">Archived</a> October 28, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Annan_Mensah,_Atta-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Annan_Mensah,_Atta_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Annan_Mensah,_Atta_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Annan Mensah, Atta. "The Polyphony of Gyil-gu, Kudzo and Awutu Sakumo," <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_International_Folk_Music_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of the International Folk Music Council">Journal of the International Folk Music Council</a></i>, vol. 19. (1967), pp. 75–79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kubik, Gerhard. "Africa." <i>Grove Music Online</i>, ed. L. Macy (accessed September 22, 2018). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.00268">10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.00268</a> (Subscription required)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sallée, Pierre. "Gabon". <i>Grove Music Online</i>, L. Macy, ed. (accessed October 11, 2006). (Subscription required)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yampolsky, Philip. "Indonesia." <i>Grove Music Online</i>, ed. L. Macy (accessed October 11, 2006). (Subscription required)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mok, Robert T. "Heterophony in Chinese Folk Music," <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_International_Folk_Music_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of the International Folk Music Council">Journal of the International Folk Music Council</a></i>, vol. 18. (1966), pp. 14–23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Fortune" title="Nigel Fortune">Nigel Fortune</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tim_Carter_(musicologist)" title="Tim Carter (musicologist)">Tim Carter</a>. "Monody", <i>Grove Music Online</i>, ed. L. Macy (accessed September 24, 2006) (Subscription required)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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