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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Heterophony</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterofonie" title="Heterofonie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Heterofonie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterofoni" title="Heterofoni – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Heterofoni" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterophonie" title="Heterophonie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Heterophonie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterofoonia" title="Heterofoonia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Heterofoonia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%86%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ετεροφωνία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ετεροφωνία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterofon%C3%ADa" title="Heterofonía – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Heterofonía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterofonio" title="Heterofonio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Heterofonio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="دگرصدایی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دگرصدایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9t%C3%A9rophonie" title="Hétérophonie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hétérophonie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eterofonia" title="Eterofonia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Eterofonia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94" title="הטרופוניה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הטרופוניה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ჰეტეროფონია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰეტეროფონია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterofonie" title="Heterofonie – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Heterofonie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterof%C3%B3nia" title="Heterofónia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Heterofónia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meerstemmigheid" title="Meerstemmigheid – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Meerstemmigheid" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%98%E3%83%86%E3%83%AD%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC" title="ヘテロフォニー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヘテロフォニー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterofoni" title="Heterofoni – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Heterofoni" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterofoni" title="Heterofoni – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Heterofoni" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geterofoniya" title="Geterofoniya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Geterofoniya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterofonia" title="Heterofonia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Heterofonia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterofonia" title="Heterofonia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Heterofonia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterofonie" title="Heterofonie – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Heterofonie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гетерофония – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гетерофония" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterofonia" title="Heterofonia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Heterofonia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D3%A3" title="Дигарсадоӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Дигарсадоӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterofonik" title="Heterofonik – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Heterofonik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Гетерофонія – Ukrainian" 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</nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the musical meaning. For the linguistic meaning, see <a href="/wiki/Heteronym_(linguistics)" title="Heteronym (linguistics)">Heteronym (linguistics)</a>.</div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">music</a>, <b>heterophony</b> is a type of <a href="/wiki/Texture_(music)" title="Texture (music)">texture</a> characterized by the simultaneous <a href="/wiki/Variation_(music)" title="Variation (music)">variation</a> of a single <a href="/wiki/Melody" title="Melody">melodic</a> line. Such a texture can be regarded as a kind of complex <a href="/wiki/Monophony" title="Monophony">monophony</a> in which there is only one basic melody, but realized at the same time in multiple <a href="/wiki/Voice_(polyphony)" class="mw-redirect" title="Voice (polyphony)">voices</a>, each of which plays the melody differently, either in a different <a href="/wiki/Rhythm" title="Rhythm">rhythm</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo">tempo</a>, or with various embellishments and elaborations.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term was initially introduced into systematic <a href="/wiki/Musicology" title="Musicology">musicology</a> to denote a subcategory of <a href="/wiki/Polyphony" title="Polyphony">polyphonic</a> music, though is now regarded as a textural category in its own right. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heterophony&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Heterophony is often a characteristic feature of non-<a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Western</a> traditional musics—for example <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_classical_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman classical music">Ottoman classical music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabic_classical_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic classical music">Arabic classical music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japanese</a> <a href="/wiki/Gagaku" title="Gagaku">Gagaku</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gamelan_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamelan music">gamelan music</a> of <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kulintang" title="Kulintang">kulintang</a> ensembles of the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, and the traditional <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Thailand" title="Music of Thailand">music of Thailand</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> traditions, there are also some examples of heterophony. One such example is dissonant heterophony of <a href="/wiki/Dinaric_Alps" title="Dinaric Alps">Dinaric</a> <a href="/wiki/Ganga_(music)" title="Ganga (music)">Ganga</a> or "Ojkavica" traditions from southern <a href="/wiki/Bosnia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnia">Bosnia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> that is attributed to ancient <a href="/wiki/Illyrians" title="Illyrians">Illyrian</a> tradition. Another remarkably vigorous <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> tradition of heterophonic music exists, in the form of <a href="/wiki/Outer_Hebrides" title="Outer Hebrides">Outer Hebridean</a> <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic language">Gaelic</a> psalmody.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>David Morton describes the texture in <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Thailand" title="Music of Thailand">Thai music</a>: </p> <blockquote><p>Thai music is <a href="/wiki/Nonchord_tone" title="Nonchord tone">nonharmonic</a>, melodic, or linear, and as is the case with all musics of this genre, its fundamental organization is <i>horizontal</i>...<br /><br /> Thai music in its horizontal complex is made up of a main melody played simultaneously with variants of it which progress in relatively slower and faster rhythmic units... Individual lines of melody and variants sound in unison or octaves only at specific structural points, and the simultaneity of different pitches does not follow the Western system of organized <a href="/wiki/Chord_progression" title="Chord progression">chord progressions</a>. Between the structural points where the pitches coincide (unison or octaves) each individual line follows the style idiomatic for the instrument playing it. The vertical complex at any given intermediary point follows no set progression; the linear adherence to style regulates. Thus several pitches that often create a highly complex simultaneous structure may occur at any point between the structural pitches. The music "breathes" by contracting to one pitch, then expanding to a wide variety of pitches, then contracting again to another structural pitch, and so on throughout. Though these complexes of pitches between structural points may strike the Western listener as arbitrary and inconsequential, the individual lines are highly consequential and logical <i>linearly</i>. The pattern of pitches occurring at these structural points is the basis of the modal aspect of Thai music.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>He goes on to suggest the term <i>polyphonic stratification</i>, rather than <i>heterophony</i>: </p> <blockquote><p>The technique of combining simultaneously one main melody and its variants is often incorrectly described as heterophony: polyphonic stratification seems a more precise description, since each of the 'layers' is not just a close approximation of the main melody, but also has distinct characteristics and a style of its own<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heterophony&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Heterophony is somewhat rare in <a href="/wiki/Western_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Western World">Western</a> <a href="/wiki/Classical_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Music">Classical music</a> prior to the twentieth century. There are examples to be found in some works of <a href="/wiki/J.S._Bach" class="mw-redirect" title="J.S. Bach">J.S. Bach</a>:</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="27" data-mwtitle="J.S.Bach_from_Cantata_BWV80_"Ein'_feste_Burg_ist_unser_Gott",_Aria_for_soprano_with_oboe_obbligato.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:J.S.Bach_from_Cantata_BWV80_%22Ein%27_feste_Burg_ist_unser_Gott%22,_Aria_for_soprano_with_oboe_obbligato.wav"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/J.S.Bach_from_Cantata_BWV80_%22Ein%27_feste_Burg_ist_unser_Gott%22%2C_Aria_for_soprano_with_oboe_obbligato.wav/J.S.Bach_from_Cantata_BWV80_%22Ein%27_feste_Burg_ist_unser_Gott%22%2C_Aria_for_soprano_with_oboe_obbligato.wav.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/J.S.Bach_from_Cantata_BWV80_%22Ein%27_feste_Burg_ist_unser_Gott%22%2C_Aria_for_soprano_with_oboe_obbligato.wav/J.S.Bach_from_Cantata_BWV80_%22Ein%27_feste_Burg_ist_unser_Gott%22%2C_Aria_for_soprano_with_oboe_obbligato.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/J.S.Bach_from_Cantata_BWV80_%22Ein%27_feste_Burg_ist_unser_Gott%22%2C_Aria_for_soprano_with_oboe_obbligato.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>J.S.Bach from Cantata BWV80 "Ein' feste Burg ist unser Gott", Aria for soprano with oboe <a href="/wiki/Obbligato" title="Obbligato">obbligato</a></figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ein_Feste_Burg_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ein_Feste_Burg_2.png/500px-Ein_Feste_Burg_2.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ein_Feste_Burg_2.png/750px-Ein_Feste_Burg_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ein_Feste_Burg_2.png/1000px-Ein_Feste_Burg_2.png 2x" data-file-width="2325" data-file-height="939" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach" title="Johann Sebastian Bach">J.S. Bach</a> from Cantata BWV 80 <a href="/wiki/Ein_feste_Burg_ist_unser_Gott,_BWV_80" title="Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott, BWV 80"><i>Ein' feste Burg ist unser Gott</i></a>, Aria for soprano with oboe obbligato.</figcaption></figure><p> as well as <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Mozart</a>:</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="11" data-mwtitle="Mozart_K491_first_movment,_bars_211-14.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Mozart_K491_first_movment,_bars_211-14.wav"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/Mozart_K491_first_movment%2C_bars_211-14.wav/Mozart_K491_first_movment%2C_bars_211-14.wav.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/Mozart_K491_first_movment%2C_bars_211-14.wav/Mozart_K491_first_movment%2C_bars_211-14.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Mozart_K491_first_movment%2C_bars_211-14.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Mozart K491 first movement, bars 211-14</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mozart_K491_first_movment,_bars_211-14.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Mozart_K491_first_movment%2C_bars_211-14.png/500px-Mozart_K491_first_movment%2C_bars_211-14.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Mozart_K491_first_movment%2C_bars_211-14.png/750px-Mozart_K491_first_movment%2C_bars_211-14.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Mozart_K491_first_movment%2C_bars_211-14.png/1000px-Mozart_K491_first_movment%2C_bars_211-14.png 2x" data-file-width="2325" data-file-height="549" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Mozart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piano_Concerto_No._24_(Mozart)" title="Piano Concerto No. 24 (Mozart)">Piano Concerto in C minor, K491</a>, first movement, bars 211-214.</figcaption></figure><p> and <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler">Mahler</a>: </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_2" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="11" data-mwtitle="Mahler,_Symphony_No._4,_fourth_movement,_bars_25-6.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Mahler,_Symphony_No._4,_fourth_movement,_bars_25-6.wav"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/Mahler%2C_Symphony_No._4%2C_fourth_movement%2C_bars_25-6.wav/Mahler%2C_Symphony_No._4%2C_fourth_movement%2C_bars_25-6.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/Mahler%2C_Symphony_No._4%2C_fourth_movement%2C_bars_25-6.wav/Mahler%2C_Symphony_No._4%2C_fourth_movement%2C_bars_25-6.wav.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Mahler%2C_Symphony_No._4%2C_fourth_movement%2C_bars_25-6.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Mahler, Symphony No. 4, fourth movement, bars 25-6</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mahler,_Symphony_No._4,_fourth_movement,_bars_25-7.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Mahler%2C_Symphony_No._4%2C_fourth_movement%2C_bars_25-7.png/500px-Mahler%2C_Symphony_No._4%2C_fourth_movement%2C_bars_25-7.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Mahler%2C_Symphony_No._4%2C_fourth_movement%2C_bars_25-7.png/750px-Mahler%2C_Symphony_No._4%2C_fourth_movement%2C_bars_25-7.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Mahler%2C_Symphony_No._4%2C_fourth_movement%2C_bars_25-7.png/1000px-Mahler%2C_Symphony_No._4%2C_fourth_movement%2C_bars_25-7.png 2x" data-file-width="1691" data-file-height="377" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler">Mahler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._4_(Mahler)" title="Symphony No. 4 (Mahler)">Symphony No. 4</a>, fourth movement, bars 25-6</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/20th-century_classical_music" title="20th-century classical music">20th century</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Britten" title="Benjamin Britten">Benjamin Britten</a> used heterophony to great effect in many pieces, including parts of the <i><a href="/wiki/War_Requiem" title="War Requiem">War Requiem</a></i> and especially in the instrumental interludes of his three <a href="/wiki/Church_parables" class="mw-redirect" title="Church parables">church parables</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Curlew_River" title="Curlew River">Curlew River</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Burning_Fiery_Furnace" title="The Burning Fiery Furnace">The Burning Fiery Furnace</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Prodigal_Son_(Britten)" title="The Prodigal Son (Britten)">The Prodigal Son</a></i>. Peter Evans explains it as follows: "So unexpectedly stark were the sounds Britten drew from this group, and in particular so little dependent of his familiar harmonic propulsion, that listeners were ready to trace direct exotic influences in many features of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UElSN7HTSeM&t=5m50s">score</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other examples include <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez">Pierre Boulez</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Rituel" class="mw-redirect" title="Rituel">Rituel</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9pons" title="Répons">Répons</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A6explosante-fixe%E2%80%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="…explosante-fixe…">…explosante-fixe…</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Heterophony is a key element in the music of Canadian composer <a href="/wiki/Jose_Evangelista" class="mw-redirect" title="Jose Evangelista">Jose Evangelista</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heterophony&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/art/heterophony">"Heterophony | music | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Heterophony+%7C+music+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fart%2Fheterophony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeterophony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6S3XDunMj2Y">"Salm 22 (Psalm 22 in Gaelic) sung by Back Free Church congregation"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Salm+22+%28Psalm+22+in+Gaelic%29+sung+by+Back+Free+Church+congregation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D6S3XDunMj2Y&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeterophony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morton, David (1976). <i>The Traditional Music of Thailand</i>, p.21. University of California Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-01876-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-01876-1">0-520-01876-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morton (1964), p.39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Evans, Peter (1979), <i>The Music of Benjamin Britten. London</i>, Dent, p. 469.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Campbell, Edward (2010). <i>Boulez, Music and Philosophy</i>, p.211&213. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-86242-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-86242-4">978-0-521-86242-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTan2018" class="citation journal cs1">Tan, Zihua (January 16, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/circuit/2017-v27-n3-circuit03354/1042841ar/">"Monody-based Compositions: José Evangelista's Clos de vie and Alap & Gat"</a>. <i>Revue Circuit</i>. <b>27</b> (Numéro 3): 67–83. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7202%2F1042841ar">10.7202/1042841ar</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+Circuit&rft.atitle=Monody-based+Compositions%3A+Jos%C3%A9+Evangelista%27s+Clos+de+vie+and+Alap+%26+Gat&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=Num%C3%A9ro+3&rft.pages=67-83&rft.date=2018-01-16&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7202%2F1042841ar&rft.aulast=Tan&rft.aufirst=Zihua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.erudit.org%2Ffr%2Frevues%2Fcircuit%2F2017-v27-n3-circuit03354%2F1042841ar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeterophony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heterophony&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span 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