CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="ms" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Demosthenes - Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu, ensiklopedia bebas</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )mswikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy" ,"wgMonthNames":["","Januari","Februari","Mac","April","Mei","Jun","Julai","Ogos","September","Oktober","November","Disember"],"wgRequestId":"1399adec-5e16-42ab-9d04-5aa660d80588","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Demosthenes","wgTitle":"Demosthenes","wgCurRevisionId":4503696,"wgRevisionId":4503696,"wgArticleId":945096,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 errors: unsupported parameter","Rencana yang mempunyai hCard","Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa Yunani","Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"ms","wgPageContentLanguage":"ms","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Demosthenes","wgRelevantArticleId":945096,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false, "wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"ms","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"ms"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":2000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q117253","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.charinsert-styles":"ready", "ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.teahouse","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.watchlist-notice","ext.gadget.DRN-wizard","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.extra-toolbar-buttons","ext.gadget.MenuKedaiKopi","ext.gadget.mySandbox","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.switcher", "ext.gadget.featured-articles-links","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ms&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=ms&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ms&modules=ext.gadget.charinsert-styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ms&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Demosthenes_orator_Louvre.jpg/1200px-Demosthenes_orator_Louvre.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Demosthenes_orator_Louvre.jpg/800px-Demosthenes_orator_Louvre.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Demosthenes_orator_Louvre.jpg/640px-Demosthenes_orator_Louvre.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="960"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Demosthenes - Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu, ensiklopedia bebas"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//ms.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demosthenes"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Sunting" href="/w/index.php?title=Demosthenes&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (ms)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//ms.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demosthenes"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ms"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Suapan Atom Wikipedia" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Perubahan_terkini&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Demosthenes rootpage-Demosthenes skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Pergi ke kandungan</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu utama" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu utama</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu utama</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pandu arah </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Laman-Utama" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laman_Utama"><span>Laman Utama</span></a></li><li id="n-Tinjau" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tinjau"><span>Tinjau</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hal_semasa" title="Cari maklumat latar belakang mengenai peristiwa semasa"><span>Hal semasa</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Rawak" title="Muat laman rawak [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Rencana rawak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Perhubungan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Tentang-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Gerbang-komuniti" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gerbang_Komuniti"><span>Gerbang komuniti</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_terkini" title="Senarai perubahan terkini dalam wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Menderma" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms"><span>Menderma</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Tempat mencari jawapan"><span>Bantuan</span></a></li><li id="n-Kedai-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kedai_Kopi"><span>Kedai Kopi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Laman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ms.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Cari" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di wiki ini [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Cari</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cari Wikipedia" aria-label="Cari Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di wiki ini [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Khas:Cari"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Alat peribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Tukar penampilan saiz, lebar dan warna fon laman" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Penampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Penampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms" class=""><span>Derma</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Demosthenes" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib" class=""><span>Buka akaun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Demosthenes" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log masuk</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Lebih pilihan" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alat peribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alat peribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms"><span>Derma</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Demosthenes" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buka akaun</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Demosthenes" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log masuk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Laman untuk penyunting log keluar <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengenalan" aria-label="Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>Ketahui lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumbangan_saya" title="Senarai suntingan yang dibuat daripada alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Sumbangan</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perbincangan_saya" title="Perbincangan mengenai penyuntingan daripada alamat IP anda [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kandungan" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kandungan</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pautan_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pautan_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Pautan luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pautan_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Demosthenes</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 73 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-73" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">73 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demosthenes" title="Demosthenes – Jerman Switzerland" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Demosthenes" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Switzerland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A" title="ديموستيني – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ديموستيني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dem%C3%B3stenes" title="Demóstenes – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Demóstenes" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demosfen" title="Demosfen – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Demosfen" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demosthenes" title="Demosthenes – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Demosthenes" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Демосфен – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Демосфен" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Дэмасфен – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дэмасфен" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demosten" title="Demosten – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Demosten" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Демостен – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Демостен" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dem%C3%B2stenes" title="Demòstenes – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Demòstenes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9mosthen%C3%A9s" title="Démosthenés – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Démosthenés" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demosthenes" title="Demosthenes – Wales" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Demosthenes" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wales" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demosthenes" title="Demosthenes – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Demosthenes" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demosthenes" title="Demosthenes – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Demosthenes" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demosthenes" title="Demosthenes – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Demosthenes" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%B8%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Δημοσθένης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δημοσθένης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demosthenes" title="Demosthenes – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Demosthenes" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dem%C3%B3stenes" title="Demóstenes – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Demóstenes" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demosteno" title="Demosteno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Demosteno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demostenes" title="Demostenes – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Demostenes" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86" title="دموستن – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دموستن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9mosth%C3%A8ne" title="Démosthène – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Démosthène" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dem%C3%B3stenes" title="Demóstenes – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Demóstenes" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8D%B0%EB%AA%A8%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%8C%EB%84%A4%EC%8A%A4" title="데모스테네스 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="데모스테네스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%A9%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%BD" title="Դեմոսթենես – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դեմոսթենես" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87" title="डिमास्थेने – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="डिमास्थेने" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demosten" title="Demosten – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Demosten" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demostenes" title="Demostenes – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Demostenes" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demos%C3%BEenes" title="Demosþenes – Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Demosþenes" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demostene" title="Demostene – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Demostene" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%A1" title="דמוסתנס – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דמוסתנס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94" title="დემოსთენე – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დემოსთენე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Демосфен – Kazakhstan" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Демосфен" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakhstan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demosthenes" title="Demosthenes – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Demosthenes" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demosthenes" title="Demosthenes – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Demosthenes" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C4%93mostens" title="Dēmostens – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dēmostens" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demostenas" title="Demostenas – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Demostenas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9moszthen%C3%A9sz" title="Démoszthenész – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Démoszthenész" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Демостен – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Демостен" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demosthenes" title="Demosthenes – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Demosthenes" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ഡെമോസ്തനിസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡെമോസ്തനിസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%89" title="ديموستينى – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ديموستينى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%E1%80%85%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8" title="ဒီမော့စသီးနီး – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဒီမော့စသီးနီး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demosthenes_(redenaar)" title="Demosthenes (redenaar) – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Demosthenes (redenaar)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%83%A2%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B9" title="デモステネス – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="デモステネス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demosthenes" title="Demosthenes – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Demosthenes" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demost%C3%A8nes" title="Demostènes – Occitania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Demostènes" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demosfen" title="Demosfen – Uzbekistan" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Demosfen" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbekistan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ڈیموستھین – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ڈیموستھین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demostenes" title="Demostenes – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Demostenes" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dem%C3%B3stenes" title="Demóstenes – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Demóstenes" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demostene" title="Demostene – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Demostene" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Демосфен – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Демосфен" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demosthenes" title="Demosthenes – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Demosthenes" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demosteni" title="Demosteni – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Demosteni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demosthenes" title="Demosthenes – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Demosthenes" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demostenes" title="Demostenes – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Demostenes" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demosten" title="Demosten – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Demosten" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Демостен – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Демостен" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demosten" title="Demosten – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Demosten" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demosthenes" title="Demosthenes – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Demosthenes" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demosthenes" title="Demosthenes – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Demosthenes" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demostenes_(mananalumpati)" title="Demostenes (mananalumpati) – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Demostenes (mananalumpati)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="டெமோஸ்தனிஸ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="டெமோஸ்தனிஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demosthenes" title="Demosthenes – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Demosthenes" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimosthenis" title="Dimosthenis – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dimosthenis" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Демосфен – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Демосфен" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demosthenes" title="Demosthenes – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Demosthenes" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demosthenes" title="Demosthenes – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Demosthenes" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%91%A9%E6%96%AF%E6%A2%AF%E5%B0%BC" title="德摩斯梯尼 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="德摩斯梯尼" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8B%84%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%BC" title="狄摩西尼 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="狄摩西尼" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demostenes" title="Demostenes – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Demostenes" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8B%84%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%BC" title="狄摩西尼 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="狄摩西尼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q117253#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Demosthenes" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbincangan:Demosthenes&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan (laman tidak wujud) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tukar kelainan bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Melayu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Rupa"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Demosthenes"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demosthenes&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demosthenes&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demosthenes&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Peralatan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Demosthenes"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demosthenes&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demosthenes&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demosthenes&action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Demosthenes" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Demosthenes" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas" title="Senarai semua laman khas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Laman khas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demosthenes&oldid=4503696" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini"><span>Pautan kekal</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demosthenes&action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini"><span>Maklumat laman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&page=Demosthenes&id=4503696&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini"><span>Petik laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDemosthenes"><span>Dapatkan URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDemosthenes"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Demosthenes"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Demosthenes&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demosthenes&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Demosthenes" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q117253" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5657302">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn" style="display:inline">Demosthenes</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Demosthenes_orator_Louvre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Demosthenes_orator_Louvre.jpg/220px-Demosthenes_orator_Louvre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Demosthenes_orator_Louvre.jpg/330px-Demosthenes_orator_Louvre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Demosthenes_orator_Louvre.jpg/440px-Demosthenes_orator_Louvre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1584" data-file-height="2376" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patung_kepala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patung kepala (laman tidak wujud)">Patung kepala</a> Demosthenes (<a href="/wiki/Louvre" class="mw-redirect" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perancis" title="Perancis">Perancis</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kelahiran</th><td class="infobox-data">384 SM<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Meninggal dunia</th><td class="infobox-data">12 Oktober 322 SM (usia 62)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Pulau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalaureia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalaureia (laman tidak wujud)">Kalaureia</a> <small>(kini <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poros (laman tidak wujud)">Poros</a>)</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Demosthenes</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani" title="Bahasa Yunani">Yunani</a>: <span lang="el">Δημοσθένης</span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: el is deprecated </span> <i>Dēmosthénēs</i>; 384 – 12 oktober 322 SM) adalah seorang <a href="/wiki/Ahli_politik" title="Ahli politik">negarawan</a> dan pemidato <a href="/wiki/Orang_Yunani" title="Orang Yunani">berbangsa Yunani</a> dari Athens kuno. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syarahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syarahan (laman tidak wujud)">Syarahan-syarahan</a>nya membentuk gambaran besar mengenai kehebatan pemikiran kontemporari masyarakat Athens dan memberikan kilasan mengenai keadaan <a href="/wiki/Politik" title="Politik">politik</a> dan kebudayaan <a href="/wiki/Yunani_Purba" title="Yunani Purba">Yunani Purba</a> pada abad ke-4 SM. Demosthenes mempelajari <a href="/wiki/Retorik" title="Retorik">retorik</a> dengan mempelajari daripada ucapan pemidato hebat sebelumnya. Beliau membuat pidato kehakiman pertamanya ketika umur 20 tahun, di mana dia berhujah dengan berkesan untuk mendapatkan sisa warisannya dari penjaganya. Ketika itu, dia menyara hidup sebagai seorang penulis ucapan profesional dan seorang peguam, menulis ucapan bagi kegunaan saman peribadi untuk digunakan dalam kes-kes persendirian, di sinilah beliau mula tertarik dengan bidang politik. </p><p>Demosthenes semakin berminat dalam politik semasa berkerja sebagai penulis ucapan perundangan ("logographer"), dan pada tahun 354 SM dia memberikan ucapan politik awam yang pertama. Beliau mengabdikan tahun-tahun produktifnya yang paling produktif tahun untuk menentang peluasan kuasa <a href="/wiki/Empayar_Makedonia" title="Empayar Makedonia">Makedonia</a>, mendorong rakan seperjuangannya menentang pengaruh raja mereka, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_II_dari_Makedon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip II dari Makedon (laman tidak wujud)">Philip II</a>. Selepas kemangkatan raja tersebut, Demosthenes memainkan peranan utama di bandar ini pemberontakan terhadap raja barunya, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Agung" title="Alexander Agung">Alexander Agung</a>. Walau bagaimanapun, usaha-usaha beliau dalam pemberontakannya gagal. Beliau membunuh diri untuk mengelakkan daripada ditangkap oleh wakil-wakil pengganti Alexander, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antipater&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antipater (laman tidak wujud)">Antipater</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demosthenes&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demosthenes&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6173370">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5110723">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFMurphy" class="citation book cs1">Murphy, James J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160804031258/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Demosthenes-Greek-statesman-and-orator"><i>Demosthenes</i></a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/biography/Demosthenes-Greek-statesman-and-orator">yang asal</a> pada 4 Ogos 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Demosthenes&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=James+J&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FDemosthenes-Greek-statesman-and-orator&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ADemosthenes" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|deadurl=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pautan_luar">Pautan luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demosthenes&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Pautan luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demosthenes&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pautan luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Topik-topik_Yunani_Purba" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5375175">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Ancient_Greece_topics" title="Templat:Ancient Greece topics"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bincang"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan_templat:Ancient_Greece_topics" title="Perbincangan templat:Ancient Greece topics"><abbr title="Bincang templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Ancient_Greece_topics&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Topik-topik_Yunani_Purba" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Topik-topik <a href="/wiki/Yunani_Purba" title="Yunani Purba">Yunani Purba</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garis_masa_Yunani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garis masa Yunani (laman tidak wujud)">Garis masa</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peradaban_Cyclad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peradaban Cyclad (laman tidak wujud)">Peradaban Cyclad</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peradaban_Minos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peradaban Minos (laman tidak wujud)">Peradaban Minos</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yunani_Mycenaea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yunani Mycenaea (laman tidak wujud)">Peradaban Mycenaea</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zaman_Kelam_Yunani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zaman Kelam Yunani (laman tidak wujud)">Zaman Kelam Yunani</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani">Zaman purba</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Yunani_Klasik" title="Yunani Klasik">Yunani Klasik</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zaman_Keyunanian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zaman Keyunanian (laman tidak wujud)">Zaman Keyunanian</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yunani_Rom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yunani Rom (laman tidak wujud)">Yunani Rom</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Geografi</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Laut_Aegia" title="Laut Aegia">Laut Aegia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Hellespont" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellespont">Hellespont</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Empayar_Makedonia" title="Empayar Makedonia">Makaduniah</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Athens_Klasik" title="Athens Klasik">Athens</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corinth_kuno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corinth kuno (laman tidak wujud)">Korinthos</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thebes_kuno_(Boeotia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thebes kuno (Boeotia) (laman tidak wujud)">Thebes</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermopylae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thermopylae (laman tidak wujud)">Thermopylae</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Antioch" class="mw-redirect" title="Antioch">Antioch</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Pergamon" title="Pergamon">Pergamon</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Miletus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miletus (laman tidak wujud)">Miletus</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Ephesos" title="Ephesos">Ephesos</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Delos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delos (laman tidak wujud)">Delos</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Yunani" title="Olympia, Yunani">Olympia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Troia" title="Troia">Troia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Rodos" title="Rodos">Rodos</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Kriti" title="Kriti">Kriti</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Peloponnesos" title="Peloponnesos">Peloponnesos</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Epirus_(negeri_kuno)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epirus (negeri kuno) (laman tidak wujud)">Epirus</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Kehidupan</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Yunani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Yunani (laman tidak wujud)">Agama</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Demokrasi_Athens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demokrasi Athens (laman tidak wujud)">Demokrasi</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Yunani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Yunani (laman tidak wujud)">Ekonomi</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Masakan_Yunani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masakan Yunani (laman tidak wujud)">Masakan</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Paideia" title="Paideia">Pendidikan</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pederastdi_di_Yunani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pederastdi di Yunani (laman tidak wujud)">Pederasti</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelacuran_di_Yunani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelacuran di Yunani (laman tidak wujud)">Pelacuran</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengabdian_di_Yunani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengabdian di Yunani (laman tidak wujud)">Pengabdian</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perang_Yunani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perang Yunani (laman tidak wujud)">Perang</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertanian_di_Yunani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertanian di Yunani (laman tidak wujud)">Pertanian</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> </span></p> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubatan_Yunani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perubatan Yunani (laman tidak wujud)">Perubatan</a> <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sukan_Olimpik_kuno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sukan Olimpik kuno (laman tidak wujud)">Sukan Olimpik</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teknologi_Yunani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teknologi Yunani (laman tidak wujud)">Teknologi</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Undang-undang_Yunani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Undang-undang Yunani (laman tidak wujud)">Undang-undang</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wain_Yunani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wain Yunani (laman tidak wujud)">Wain</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senarai_orang_Yunani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senarai orang Yunani (laman tidak wujud)">Tokoh</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;background:transparent; font-weight:normal; text-align:left;;background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Falsafah_Yunani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Falsafah Yunani (laman tidak wujud)">Ahli falsafah</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anaxagoras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anaxagoras (laman tidak wujud)">Anaxagoras</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anaximander&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anaximander (laman tidak wujud)">Anaximander</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anaximenes_dari_Miletus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anaximenes dari Miletus (laman tidak wujud)">Anaximenes</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antisthenes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antisthenes (laman tidak wujud)">Antisthenes</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Aristoteles" title="Aristoteles">Aristoteles (Arsatalis)</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Democritus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Democritus (laman tidak wujud)">Democritus</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diogenes_dari_Sinope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diogenes dari Sinope (laman tidak wujud)">Diogenes dari Sinope</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Epikouros" title="Epikouros">Epikouros</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Empedocles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Empedocles (laman tidak wujud)">Empedocles</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heraclitus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heraclitus (laman tidak wujud)">Heraclitus</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leukippos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leukippos (laman tidak wujud)">Leukippos</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gorgias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gorgias (laman tidak wujud)">Gorgias</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parmenides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parmenides (laman tidak wujud)">Parmenides</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato (Aflatun)</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Protagoras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protagoras (laman tidak wujud)">Protagoras</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Pythagoras" title="Pythagoras">Pythagoras</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Sokrates" title="Sokrates">Sokrates (Sukrat)</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Thales" title="Thales">Thales</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeno_dari_Citium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zeno dari Citium (laman tidak wujud)">Zeno</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;background:transparent; font-weight:normal; text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesusasteraan_Yunani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kesusasteraan Yunani (laman tidak wujud)">Penulis</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aeskhylos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aeskhylos (laman tidak wujud)">Aeskhylos</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Aesop" title="Aesop">Aesop</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristophanes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aristophanes (laman tidak wujud)">Aristophanes</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Euripides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Euripides (laman tidak wujud)">Euripides</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Hesiodos" title="Hesiodos">Hesiodos</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Homeros" title="Homeros">Homeros</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Loukianos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loukianos (laman tidak wujud)">Loukianos</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Menandros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Menandros (laman tidak wujud)">Menandros</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pindar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pindar (laman tidak wujud)">Pindar</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Ploutarkhos" title="Ploutarkhos">Ploutarkhos</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polybios&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polybios (laman tidak wujud)">Polybios</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Psappho" title="Psappho">Psappho</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Sophokles" title="Sophokles">Sophokles</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theognis_dari_Megara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theognis dari Megara (laman tidak wujud)">Theognis dari Megara</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Thoukydides" title="Thoukydides">Thoukydides</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Xenophon" title="Xenophon">Xenophon</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;background:transparent; font-weight:normal; text-align:left;;background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Lain-lain</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Agung" title="Alexander Agung">Alexander Agung</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lycurgus_(Sparta)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lycurgus (Sparta) (laman tidak wujud)">Lycurgus</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Leonidas_I" title="Leonidas I">Leonidas</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcibiades&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alcibiades (laman tidak wujud)">Alcibiades</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Demosthenes</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Perikles" title="Perikles">Perikles</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Solon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solon (laman tidak wujud)">Solon</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Themistokles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Themistokles (laman tidak wujud)">Themistokles</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Archimedes" title="Archimedes">Archimedes</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Hippokrates" title="Hippokrates">Hippokrates</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspasia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aspasia (laman tidak wujud)">Aspasia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Milon_dari_Kroton" title="Milon dari Kroton">Milon dari Kroton</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni_bina_Yunani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seni bina Yunani (laman tidak wujud)">Bangunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Parthenon" title="Parthenon">Parthenon</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Kuil_Artemis" title="Kuil Artemis">Kuil Artemis</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Akropolis_Athens" title="Akropolis Athens">Akropolis</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agora_kuno_Athens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agora kuno Athens (laman tidak wujud)">Agora kuno</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuil_Zeus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuil Zeus (laman tidak wujud)">Kuil Zeus di Olympia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuil_Hephaestus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuil Hephaestus (laman tidak wujud)">Kuil Hephaestus</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kompleks_kuil_Samothrace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kompleks kuil Samothrace (laman tidak wujud)">Kompleks kuil Samothrace</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni_di_Yunani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seni di Yunani (laman tidak wujud)">Seni</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arca_Yunani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arca Yunani (laman tidak wujud)">Arca</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Duit_syiling_Yunani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duit syiling Yunani (laman tidak wujud)">Duit syiling</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesusasteraan_Yunani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kesusasteraan Yunani (laman tidak wujud)">Kesusasteraan</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muzik_Yunani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muzik Yunani (laman tidak wujud)">Muzik</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni_bina_Yunani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seni bina Yunani (laman tidak wujud)">Seni bina</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teater_Yunani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teater Yunani (laman tidak wujud)">Teater</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tembikar_Yunani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tembikar Yunani (laman tidak wujud)">Tembikar</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani" title="Bahasa Yunani">Bahasa</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Proto-Yunani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Proto-Yunani (laman tidak wujud)">Proto-Yunani</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Yunani_Mycenaea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Yunani Mycenaea (laman tidak wujud)">Mycenaea</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Yunani_Homer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Yunani Homer (laman tidak wujud)">Homer</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dialek_Yunani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dialek Yunani (laman tidak wujud)">Dialek</a> <small>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Yunani_Aeolik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Yunani Aeolik (laman tidak wujud)">Aeolik</a> •</small></span><small> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Yunani_Arcadocypriot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Yunani Arcadocypriot (laman tidak wujud)">Arcadocypriot</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Yunani_Attica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Yunani Attica (laman tidak wujud)">Attica</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Yunani_Dorik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Yunani Dorik (laman tidak wujud)">Dorik</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Yunani_Ionik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Yunani Ionik (laman tidak wujud)">Ionik</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Yunani_Lokris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Yunani Lokris (laman tidak wujud)">Lokris</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Macedonia_kuno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Macedonia kuno (laman tidak wujud)">Macedonia</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Yunani_Pamphylia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Yunani Pamphylia (laman tidak wujud)">Pamphylia</a>)</span></small> <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani_Koine" title="Bahasa Yunani Koine">Koine</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambil daripada "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demosthenes&oldid=4503696">https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demosthenes&oldid=4503696</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori-kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_errors:_unsupported_parameter" title="Kategori:CS1 errors: unsupported parameter">CS1 errors: unsupported parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_yang_mempunyai_hCard" title="Kategori:Rencana yang mempunyai hCard">Rencana yang mempunyai hCard</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_yang_mengandungi_teks_bahasa_Yunani" title="Kategori:Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa Yunani">Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa Yunani</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Lang_and_lang-xx_using_deprecated_ISO_639_codes" title="Kategori:Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes">Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Laman ini kali terakhir disunting pada 02:19, 29 Disember 2018.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks disediakan di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ms">Lesen Creative Commons Pengiktirafan/Perkongsian Serupa</a>; terma tambahan mungkin digunapakai. Lihat <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terma Penggunaan</a> untuk butiran lanjut.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Dasar privasi</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal">Perihal Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Penafian_umum">Penafian</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Kod Tatakelakuan</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Pembangun</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/ms.wikipedia.org">Statistik</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Kenyataan kuki</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//ms.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demosthenes&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Paparan mudah alih</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-h8htn","wgBackendResponseTime":758,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.376","walltime":"0.577","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1684,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":71883,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4586,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":10,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":6132,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 443.092 1 -total"," 33.23% 147.246 1 Templat:Lang-el"," 31.06% 137.608 1 Templat:Infobox_person"," 19.78% 87.648 1 Templat:Reflist"," 16.89% 74.835 1 Templat:Cite_book"," 16.82% 74.547 2 Templat:Navbox"," 15.93% 70.567 1 Templat:Infobox"," 15.85% 70.232 1 Templat:Ancient_Greece_topics"," 9.94% 44.029 1 Templat:Wikidata_image"," 3.49% 15.452 1 Templat:Navbox_subgroups"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.220","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":16589783,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-h8htn","timestamp":"20241124172031","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Demosthenes","url":"https:\/\/ms.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Demosthenes","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q117253","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q117253","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Yayasan Wikimedia Bhd.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2018-09-02T00:50:00Z","dateModified":"2018-12-29T02:19:59Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/8f\/Demosthenes_orator_Louvre.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>