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id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-性質" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#性質"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 性質 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-性質-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关性質子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-性質-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-燃燒" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#燃燒"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 燃燒 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-燃燒-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-電子能級" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#電子能級"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 電子能級 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-電子能級-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-形态" class="vector-toc-list-item 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id="toc-質子與酸-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-同位素" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#同位素"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 同位素 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-同位素-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 歷史 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-歷史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关歷史子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-發現及使用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#發現及使用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 發現及使用 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-發現及使用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-量子理論" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#量子理論"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 量子理論 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-量子理論-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-反物質" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#反物質"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 反物質 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-反物質-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-分佈" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#分佈"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 分佈 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-分佈-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-自然形成與實驗製備" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#自然形成與實驗製備"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 自然形成與實驗製備 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-自然形成與實驗製備-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关自然形成與實驗製備子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-自然形成與實驗製備-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-蒸汽重整" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#蒸汽重整"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 蒸汽重整 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-蒸汽重整-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-熱化學反應" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#熱化學反應"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 熱化學反應 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-熱化學反應-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-無氧腐蝕作用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#無氧腐蝕作用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 無氧腐蝕作用 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-無氧腐蝕作用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-蛇紋石化反應" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#蛇紋石化反應"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 蛇紋石化反應 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-蛇紋石化反應-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-變壓器" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#變壓器"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 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vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 參見 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 参考文献 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸閱讀" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸閱讀"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 延伸閱讀 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸閱讀-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 外部連結 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > 开关目录 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">氢</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。218种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-218" aria-hidden="true" > 218种语言 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterstof" title="Waterstof – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Waterstof" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasserstoff" title="Wasserstoff – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Wasserstoff" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%80%E1%8B%AD%E1%8B%B5%E1%88%AE%E1%8C%85%E1%8A%95" title="ሀይድሮጅን – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሀይድሮጅን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrocheno" title="Hidrocheno – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Hidrocheno" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A6tertimber" title="Wætertimber – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Wætertimber" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="हाइड्रोजन – 昂加语" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="हाइड्रोजन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加语" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86" title="هيدروجين – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هيدروجين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86" title="هيدروجين – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="هيدروجين" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86" title="هايدروجين – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هايدروجين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="উদজান – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="উদজান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidr%C3%B3xenu" title="Hidróxenu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Hidróxenu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hidrogen" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%98%D9%86" title="هیدروژن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هیدروژن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Водород – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Водород" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrog%C3%A9n" title="Hidrogén – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Hidrogén" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wassastoff" title="Wassastoff – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Wassastoff" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ond%C4%97nilis" title="Ondėnilis – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Ondėnilis" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrohino" title="Idrohino – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Idrohino" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Вадарод – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вадарод" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Вадарод – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вадарод" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Водород – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Водород" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="हाइड्रोजन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="हाइड्रोजन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B2%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%85%E1%80%B2%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ဟုဲက်ဒရိုစဲန် – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဟုဲက်ဒရိုစဲန်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8" title="হাইড্রোজেন – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হাইড্রোজেন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%B3%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BC%8D" title="ཡང་རླུང་། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཡང་རླུང་།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hidrogen" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodik" title="Vodik – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Vodik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%88%D1%8D" title="Уһантүрэгшэ – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Уһантүрэгшэ" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hidrogen" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%ADng" title="Kĭng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Kĭng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Хилург – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Хилург" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidroheno" title="Hidroheno – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Hidroheno" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ھایدرۆجین – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھایدرۆجین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrogenu" title="Idrogenu – 科西嘉语" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Idrogenu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gidrogen" title="Gidrogen – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Gidrogen" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vod%C3%ADk" title="Vodík – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vodík" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8A" title="Водородъ – 教会斯拉夫语" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Водородъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="教会斯拉夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC%C4%83%D1%88" title="Шывамăш – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Шывамăш" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hydrogen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brint" title="Brint – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Brint" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasserstoff" title="Wasserstoff – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wasserstoff" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrocen" title="Hidrocen – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Hidrocen" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%B3%C5%BAik" title="Wóźik – 下索布语" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Wóźik" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="下索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%80%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%91%DE%B0%DE%83%DE%A6%DE%96%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%B0" title="ހައިޑްރަޖަން – 迪维希语" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ހައިޑްރަޖަން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="迪维希语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Υδρογόνο – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υδρογόνο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idr%C3%B4gen" title="Idrôgen – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Idrôgen" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hydrogen" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrogeno" title="Hidrogeno – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hidrogeno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidr%C3%B3geno" title="Hidrógeno – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hidrógeno" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesinik" title="Vesinik – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vesinik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrogeno" title="Hidrogeno – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hidrogeno" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idr%C3%B3genu" title="Idrógenu – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Idrógenu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%98%D9%86" title="هیدروژن – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هیدروژن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vety" title="Vety – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vety" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen – 斐济语" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Hydrogen" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="斐济语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Hydrogen" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrog%C3%A8ne" title="Hydrogène – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hydrogène" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weederstoof" title="Weederstoof – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Weederstoof" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrogjen" title="Idrogjen – 弗留利语" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Idrogjen" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetterstof" title="Wetterstof – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Wetterstof" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrigin" title="Hidrigin – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Hidrigin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%AB" title="氫 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="氫" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idroj%C3%A8n" title="Idrojèn – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Idrojèn" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haidridean" title="Haidridean – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Haidridean" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidr%C3%B3xeno" title="Hidróxeno – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hidróxeno" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatavev%C3%BDi" title="Tatavevýi – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tatavevýi" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%88%E0%AA%A1%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%A8" title="હાઈડ્રોજન – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="હાઈડ્રોજન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiddragien" title="Hiddragien – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Hiddragien" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khi%C3%A2ng" title="Khiâng – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Khiâng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eawai" title="Eawai – 夏威夷语" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Eawai" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="夏威夷语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%9F" title="מימן – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מימן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="हाइड्रोजन – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हाइड्रोजन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Hydrogen" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodik" title="Vodik – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vodik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wod%C5%BAik" title="Wodźik – 上索布语" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Wodźik" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idwoj%C3%A8n" title="Idwojèn – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Idwojèn" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrog%C3%A9n" title="Hidrogén – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hidrogén" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Ջրածին – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջրածին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Ջրածին – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ջրածին" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogeno" title="Hydrogeno – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Hydrogeno" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hidrogen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen – 国际文字（E）" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Hidrogen" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="国际文字（E）" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidroheno" title="Hidroheno – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Hidroheno" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidro" title="Hidro – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Hidro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vetni" title="Vetni – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vetni" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrogeno" title="Idrogeno – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Idrogeno" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%B4%A0" title="水素 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="水素" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aijrojin" title="Aijrojin – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Aijrojin" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/cidro" title="cidro – 逻辑语" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="cidro" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="逻辑语" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Hidrogen" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AC%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="წყალბადი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="წყალბადი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodorod" title="Vodorod – 卡拉卡尔帕克语" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Vodorod" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡尔帕克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hid%E1%B9%9Bujin" title="Hidṛujin – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Hidṛujin" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C9%A9dr%C9%94z%C9%9Bn%C9%A9" title="Hɩdrɔzɛnɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Hɩdrɔzɛnɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Hidrogen" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen – 吉库尤语" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Hydrogen" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="吉库尤语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96" title="Сутегі – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сутегі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%93" title="អ៊ីដ្រូសែន – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អ៊ីដ្រូសែន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%95" title="ಜಲಜನಕ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜಲಜನಕ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%86%8C" title="수소 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="수소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Ваувтыр – 科米-彼尔米亚克语" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Ваувтыр" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="科米-彼尔米亚克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Перем коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8E%D9%86" title="ہایڈروجَن – 克什米尔语" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ہایڈروجَن" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="克什米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasserstoff" title="Wasserstoff – 科隆语" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Wasserstoff" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="科隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%AEdrojen" title="Hîdrojen – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hîdrojen" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Вачужысь – 科米语" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Вачужысь" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrojen" title="Hidrojen – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Hidrojen" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Суутек – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Суутек" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenium" title="Hydrogenium – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hydrogenium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waasserstoff" title="Waasserstoff – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Waasserstoff" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Водород – 列兹金语" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Водород" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="列兹金语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrojen" title="Idrojen – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Idrojen" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterstof" title="Waterstof – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Waterstof" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrogeno" title="Idrogeno – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Idrogeno" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrogen" title="Idrogen – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Idrogen" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrogen" title="Idrogen – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Idrogen" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idroj%C9%9B%CC%81n%C3%AD" title="Idrojɛ́ní – 林加拉语" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Idrojɛ́ní" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="林加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%AE%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A3%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%99" title="ໄຮໂດຣເຈນ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ໄຮໂດຣເຈນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vandenilis" title="Vandenilis – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vandenilis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%AAde%C5%86radis" title="Ūdeņradis – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ūdeņradis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%84%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Ведьшачфты – 莫克沙语" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Ведьшачфты" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="莫克沙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidir%C3%B4zenina" title="Hidirôzenina – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Hidirôzenina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D3%B1%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6" title="Вӱдеж – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Вӱдеж" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hauwai_(p%C5%ABmotu)" title="Hauwai (pūmotu) – 毛利语" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Hauwai (pūmotu)" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="毛利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Водород – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Водород" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%BB" title="ഹൈഡ്രജൻ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹൈഡ്രജൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80%D3%A9%D0%B3%D1%87" title="Устөрөгч – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Устөрөгч" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%96%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯟ – 曼尼普尔语" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="हायड्रोजन – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हायड्रोजन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Водород – 西馬里文" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Водород" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="西馬里文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hidrogen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idro%C4%A1enu" title="Idroġenu – 马耳他语" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Idroġenu" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="马耳他语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heidrog%C3%A9nio" title="Heidrogénio – 米兰德斯语" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Heidrogénio" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米兰德斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ဟိုက်ဒရိုဂျင် – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဟိုက်ဒရိုဂျင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8C_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Ведь чачтый – 厄尔兹亚语" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Ведь чачтый" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄尔兹亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayocoxqui" title="Ayocoxqui – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Ayocoxqui" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nāhuatl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterstoff" title="Waterstoff – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Waterstoff" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waeterstof" title="Waeterstof – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Waeterstof" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="हाइड्रोजन – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="हाइड्रोजन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="हाइद्रोजन – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="हाइद्रोजन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterstof_(element)" title="Waterstof (element) – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Waterstof (element)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hydrogen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hydrogen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrogene" title="Hidrogene – 諾維亞文" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Hidrogene" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="諾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1%C3%A1ji%CA%BCjin" title="Háájiʼjin – 纳瓦霍语" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Háájiʼjin" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="纳瓦霍语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrog%C3%A8n" title="Idrogèn – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Idrogèn" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vezisuadu" title="Vezisuadu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Vezisuadu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haayidroojiinii" title="Haayidroojiinii – 奥罗莫语" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Haayidroojiinii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奥罗莫语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%89%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ଉଦ୍‌ଜାନ – 奥里亚语" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଉଦ୍‌ଜାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="奥里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Донгуыр – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Донгуыр" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%A8" title="ਹਾਈਡਰੋਜਨ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹਾਈਡਰੋਜਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidr%C3%B3geno" title="Hidrógeno – 帕皮阿门托语" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Hidrógeno" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿门托语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasserstoff" title="Wasserstoff – 普法爾茨德文" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Wasserstoff" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="普法爾茨德文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pälzisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="हाइड्रोजन – 巴利语" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="हाइड्रोजन" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="巴利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiidrojen" title="Hiidrojen – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Hiidrojen" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wod%C3%B3r" title="Wodór – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wodór" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idr%C3%B2gen" title="Idrògen – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Idrògen" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%86" title="ہائیڈروجن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہائیڈروجن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BD" title="Υδρογόνον – 旁狄希臘文" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Υδρογόνον" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="旁狄希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ποντιακά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%DA%89%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%86" title="هايډروجن – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هايډروجن" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrog%C3%A9nio" title="Hidrogénio – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hidrogénio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakuchaq" title="Yakuchaq – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Yakuchaq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hidrogen" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidroghenu" title="Hidroghenu – 阿罗马尼亚语" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Hidroghenu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="阿罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Водород – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Водород" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D2%91%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Гідроґен – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Гідроґен" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="उदजन – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="उदजन" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Уулук – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Уулук" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱳᱡᱟᱱ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱳᱡᱟᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrogenu" title="Idrogenu – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Idrogenu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idr%C3%B2gginu" title="Idrògginu – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Idrògginu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Hydrogen" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%A6%DA%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%86" title="ھائڊروجن – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ھائڊروجن" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodik" title="Vodik – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vodik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahidrujin" title="Ahidrujin – 希尔哈语" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Ahidrujin" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="希尔哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="හයිඩ්‍රජන් – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="හයිඩ්‍රජන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hydrogen" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vod%C3%ADk" title="Vodík – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vodík" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%86" title="ہائیڈروجن – 色莱基语" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="ہائیڈروجن" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="色莱基语" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodik" title="Vodik – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vodik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vety" title="Vety – 伊纳里萨米语" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Vety" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="伊纳里萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Hydrogen" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haaydarojiin" title="Haaydarojiin – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Haaydarojiin" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrogjeni" title="Hidrogjeni – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Hidrogjeni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Водоник – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Водоник" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woaterstof" title="Woaterstof – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Woaterstof" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrog%C3%A9n" title="Hidrogén – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Hidrogén" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="推荐条目"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4te" title="Väte – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Väte" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrojeni" title="Hidrojeni – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Hidrojeni" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wod%C5%8Dr" title="Wodōr – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Wodōr" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%90%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="ஐதரசன் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஐதரசன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="హైడ్రోజన్ – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="హైడ్రోజన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Ҳидроген – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳидроген" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99" title="ไฮโดรเจน – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไฮโดรเจน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrohino" title="Idrohino – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Idrohino" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrojen" title="Hidrojen – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hidrojen" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Водород – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Водород" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Водород – 图瓦语" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Водород" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="图瓦语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тыва дыл</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D9%89%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%AF%DB%90%D9%86" title="ھىدروگېن – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ھىدروگېن" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Водень – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Водень" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%86" title="ہائیڈروجن – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہائیڈروجن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodorod" title="Vodorod – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Vodorod" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idr%C3%B2geno" title="Idrògeno – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Idrògeno" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vezinik" title="Vezinik – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Vezinik" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydro" title="Hydro – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hydro" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woaterstof" title="Woaterstof – 西佛蘭德文" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Woaterstof" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="西佛蘭德文" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrin" title="Hidrin – 沃拉普克语" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Hidrin" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrodjinne" title="Idrodjinne – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Idrodjinne" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidroheno" title="Hidroheno – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hidroheno" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A2" title="氢 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="氢" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D2%97%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Гидроҗен – 卡尔梅克语" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Гидроҗен" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="卡尔梅克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AC%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="წყარბადი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="წყარბადი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%9F" title="הידראגען – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="הידראגען" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Hydrogen" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%80%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8A%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8F" title="ⴰⵀⵉⴷⵔⵓⵊⵉⵏ – 标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵀⵉⴷⵔⵓⵊⵉⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%AB" title="氫 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="氫" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%BAi-s%C3%B2%CD%98" title="Chúi-sò͘ – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chúi-sò͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%AB" title="氫 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="氫" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" 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data-file-height="20" /></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">（重定向自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%AB&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="氫">氫</a>）</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-fb497632" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Physics"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Chemistry"></div></div></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74069148">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.mobile{display:none}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.nomobile{display:inherit;display:initial}</style>  此條目介紹的是氫元素的化學性質。关于氫原子的物理性質，请见「<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="氫原子">氫原子</a>」。关于氫氣分子的性質，请见「<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB%E6%B0%A3" title="氫氣">氫氣</a>」。</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r77235331">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox td[colspan="2"]>.wikitable,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox .periodictable{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox td[colspan="2"]{width:calc(100% - 20px)}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox td[colspan="2"]>div{max-width:100%;overflow:auto}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">氫 1H</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"> <table class="wikitable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="text-align:center; width:100%; margin:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="periodictable" style="margin:0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none; width:10px"> <table class="nogrid Yuansuzhouqibiao_nav" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; empty-cells: show;padding:0; border: none;border-spacing:1px;border-collapse:separate;margin:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83953186">.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_nav span{display:block;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_nav td{border:none;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali,.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#ff6666}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_predicted{background-color:#ffa1a1}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth,.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth .navbox-title{background-color:#ffdead}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth_predicted{background-color:#ffecd3}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide{background-color:#ffbfff}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide{background-color:#ff99cc}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_superactinides{background-color:#b5c8ff}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_superactinides_predicted{background-color:#d1ddff}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_eka_superactinide{background-color:#a0e032}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_eka_superactinide_predicted{background-color:#c6dd9d}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition,.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition .navbox-title{background-color:#ffc0c0}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition_predicted{background-color:#ffe2e2}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition{background-color:#cccccc}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition_predicted{background-color:#dfdfdf}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid{background-color:#cccc99}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid_predicted{background-color:#e2e2aa}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_diatomic{background-color:#e7ff8f}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_diatomic_predicted{background-color:#F3FFC7}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_polyatomic{background-color:#a1ffc3}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_polyatomic_predicted{background-color:#d0ffe1}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal{background-color:#a0ffa0}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal_predicted{background-color:#d3ffd3}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen{background-color:#ffff99}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen_predicted{background-color:#ffffd6}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas{background-color:#c0ffff}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas_predicted{background-color:#ddffff}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_supercritical_atom{background-color:#f4f4c6}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_supercritical_atom_predicted{background-color:#f4f4c6}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_no_electron{background-color:#d0d0d0}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_s_block{background-color:#ff6699}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_s_block_predicted{background-color:#FBD}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_p_block{background-color:#99ccff}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_p_block_predicted{background-color:#CEF}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_d_block{background-color:#ccff99}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_d_block_predicted{background-color:#DFC}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_ds_block{background-color:#90ffb0}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_ds_block_predicted{background-color:#C7FFD7}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_f_block{background-color:#66ffcc}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_f_block_predicted{background-color:#BFE}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_g_block{background-color:#ffcc66}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_g_block_predicted{background-color:#FDA}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_h_block{background-color:#F0908C}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_h_block_predicted{background-color:#F0B6B4}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown{background-color:#e8e8e8}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_error_type{background-color:#000000}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_null{background-color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_maybe_not_exist{background-color:white}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_none_type{background-color:#c0c0c0}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_gas{color:green}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_liquid{color:blue}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_solid{color:black;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknow_phase{color:grey}</style><a class="mw-selflink selflink">氫（非金屬）</a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦">氦（惰性氣體）</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%82" title="锂">鋰（鹼金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8D" title="铍">鈹（鹼土金屬）</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC" title="硼">硼（類金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳">碳（非金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮">氮（非金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">氧（非金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F" title="氟">氟（鹵素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%96" title="氖">氖（惰性氣體）</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A0" title="钠">鈉（鹼金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%81" title="镁">鎂（鹼土金屬）</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9D" title="铝">鋁（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%85" title="硅">矽（類金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7" title="磷">磷（非金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫">硫（非金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF" title="氯">氯（鹵素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A9" title="氩">氬（惰性氣體）</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BE" title="钾">鉀（鹼金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%99" title="钙">鈣（鹼土金屬）</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AA" title="钪">鈧（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9B" title="钛">鈦（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%92" title="钒">釩（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AC" title="铬">鉻（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B0" title="锰">錳（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81" title="铁">鐵（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B4" title="钴">鈷（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8D" title="镍">鎳（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9C" title="铜">銅（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8C" title="锌">鋅（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%93" title="镓">鎵（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%97" title="锗">鍺（類金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B7" title="砷">砷（類金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%92" title="硒">硒（非金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B4" title="溴">溴（鹵素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AA" title="氪">氪（惰性氣體）</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B7" title="铷">銣（鹼金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B6" title="锶">鍶（鹼土金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none; width:0;padding:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%87" title="钇">釔（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%86" title="锆">鋯（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8C" title="铌">鈮（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BC" title="钼">鉬（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%9D" title="锝">鎝（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8C" title="钌">釕（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%91" title="铑">銠（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AF" title="钯">鈀（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80" title="銀">銀（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%89" title="镉">鎘（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9F" title="铟">銦（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1" title="锡">錫（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%91" title="锑">銻（類金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B2" title="碲">碲（類金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%98" title="碘">碘（鹵素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%99" title="氙">氙（惰性氣體）</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AF" title="铯">銫（鹼金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A1" title="钡">鋇（鹼土金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A7" title="镧">鑭（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%88" title="铈">鈰（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A8" title="镨">鐠（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%95" title="钕">釹（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B7" title="钷">鉕（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%90" title="钐">釤（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%95" title="铕">銪（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%86" title="钆">釓（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BD" title="铽">鋱（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%9D" title="镝">鏑（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AC" title="钬">鈥（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%92" title="铒">鉺（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%A5" title="铥">銩（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B1" title="镱">鐿（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A5" title="镥">鎦（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AA" title="铪">鉿（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BD" title="钽">鉭（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A8" title="钨">鎢（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BC" title="铼">錸（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%87" title="锇">鋨（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B1" title="铱">銥（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%82" title="铂">鉑（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="金">金（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9E" title="汞">汞（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8A" title="铊">鉈（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%85" title="铅">鉛（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8B" title="铋">鉍（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8B" title="钋">釙（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B9" title="砹">砈（類金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A1" title="氡">氡（惰性氣體）</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AB" title="钫">鍅（鹼金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%AD" title="镭">鐳（鹼土金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%95" title="锕">錒（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8D" title="钍">釷（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A4" title="镤">鏷（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE" title="鈾">鈾（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8E" title="镎">錼（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9A" title="钚">鈽（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%85" title="镅">鋂（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%94" title="锔">鋦（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%AB" title="锫">鉳（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8E" title="锎">鉲（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%BF" title="锿">鑀（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%84" title="镄">鐨（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%94" title="钔">鍆（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%98" title="锘">鍩（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%92" title="鐒">鐒（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%91%AA" title="鑪">鑪（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A7%80" title="𨧀">𨧀（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%8E" title="𨭎">𨭎（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A8%8F" title="𨨏">𨨏（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%86" title="𨭆">𨭆（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%A5%91" title="䥑">䥑（預測為過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%BD" title="鐽">鐽（預測為過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%80" title="錀">錀（預測為過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%B6" title="鎶">鎶（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%A8" title="鉨">鉨（預測為貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%87" title="鈇">鈇（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%86" title="镆">鏌（預測為貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9D" title="鉝">鉝（預測為貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AC" title="鿬">鿬（預測為鹵素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AB" title="鿫">鿫（預測為惰性氣體）</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; width:10px; border:none;">– ↑ 氫 ↓ <a href="/wiki/%E9%94%82" title="锂">锂</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; padding-top:0; padding-bottom:1px; border:none;">– ← 氫 → <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦">氦</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="text-align:center; color:#008000;;">外觀</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">無色氣體 <a href="/wiki/File:Hydrogenglow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Hydrogenglow.jpg/250px-Hydrogenglow.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Hydrogenglow.jpg/375px-Hydrogenglow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Hydrogenglow.jpg/500px-Hydrogenglow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="1108" /></a> 等離子態下發出的淺紫光</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="text-align:center; color:#008000;;">概況</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">名稱·<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="元素列表">符號</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BA%8F%E6%95%B0" title="原子序数">序數</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">氫（Hydrogen）·H·1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">元素類別</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="非金屬">非金屬</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%8F_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="族 (化学)">族</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F" title="元素周期">週期</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="元素分区">區</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/1%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="1族元素">1</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC1%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第1周期元素">1</a>·<a href="/wiki/S%E5%8C%BA%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="S区元素">s</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E9%87%8F" title="原子量">標準原子質量</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">[1.00784, 1.00811]<a href="#cite_note-CIAAW2021-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E6%8E%92%E5%B8%83" title="电子排布">电子排布</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1s1 1 <div style="border:0; margin:0 auto;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Electron_shell_001_Hydrogen_-_no_label.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="氫的电子層（1）"><img alt="氫的电子層（1）" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Electron_shell_001_Hydrogen_-_no_label.svg/153px-Electron_shell_001_Hydrogen_-_no_label.svg.png" decoding="async" width="153" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Electron_shell_001_Hydrogen_-_no_label.svg/230px-Electron_shell_001_Hydrogen_-_no_label.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Electron_shell_001_Hydrogen_-_no_label.svg/306px-Electron_shell_001_Hydrogen_-_no_label.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>氫的电子層（1）</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="text-align:center; color:#008000;;">歷史</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E7%99%BC%E7%8F%BE%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="化學元素發現年表">發現</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%87%E8%BF%AA%E4%BB%80" title="亨利·卡文迪什">亨利·卡文迪什</a><a href="#cite_note-Nostrand-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-nbb-3">[3]</a>（1766年）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">命名</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93-%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%8D%C2%B7%E5%90%89%E6%9D%B1%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E7%88%BE%E6%B2%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="路易-貝爾納·吉東·德·莫爾沃（页面不存在）">路易-貝爾納·吉東·德·莫爾沃</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis-Bernard_Guyton_de_Morveau" class="extiw" title="en:Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau">Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau</a>） <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%9D%B1%E8%90%AC-%E7%BE%85%E5%80%AB%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E7%93%A6%E7%AF%80" class="mw-redirect" title="安東萬-羅倫·德·拉瓦節">安東萬-羅倫·德·拉瓦節</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stwertka-5">[5]</a>（1783年）</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="text-align:center; color:#008000;;">物理性質</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8_(%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8)" title="相 (物质)">物態</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="氣體">氣體</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="密度">密度</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">（0 °C, 101.325 <a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1" title="帕斯卡">kPa</a>） 0.08988 <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B" title="克">g</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%8D%87" title="公升">L</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E7%82%B9" title="熔点">熔点</a>時液體密度</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">0.07 g·cm−3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B8%E7%82%B9" title="沸点">沸点</a>時液體密度</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">0.07099 g·cm−3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E7%82%B9" title="熔点">熔点</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">13.99 <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="开尔文">K</a>，−259.16 <a href="/wiki/%E6%91%84%E6%B0%8F%E6%B8%A9%E6%A0%87" title="摄氏温标">°C</a>，−434.49 <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%8F%E6%B8%A9%E6%A0%87" title="华氏温标">°F</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B8%E9%BB%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="沸點">沸點</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">20.271 <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="开尔文">K</a>，−252.879 <a href="/wiki/%E6%91%84%E6%B0%8F%E6%B8%A9%E6%A0%87" title="摄氏温标">°C</a>，−423.182 <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%8F%E6%B8%A9%E6%A0%87" title="华氏温标">°F</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%9B%B8%E7%82%B9" title="三相点">三相点</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">13.8033 K（−259 °C），7.041 kPa</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B4%E7%95%8C%E7%82%B9_(%E7%83%AD%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6)" title="临界点 (热力学)">臨界點</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">32.938 K，1.2858 MPa</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E5%8C%96%E7%83%AD" title="熔化热">熔化热</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">（H2）0.117 <a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E8%80%B3%E6%AF%8F%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94" title="焦耳每摩尔">kJ·mol−1</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E5%8C%96%E7%83%AD" title="汽化热">汽化热</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">（H2）0.904 kJ·mol−1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E7%86%B1%E5%AE%B9" title="比熱容">比熱容</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">（H2）28.836 J·mol−1·K−1</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E6%B0%A3%E5%A3%93" title="蒸氣壓">蒸氣壓</a><div style="position:relative; margin:0 auto; padding:0; text-align:initial; width:-moz-fit-content;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:fit-content;"> <table class="wikitable nowrap" style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin:0;"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <td>壓/Pa </td> <td>1 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>100 </td> <td>1 k </td> <td>10 k </td> <td>100 k </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>溫/K </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>15 </td> <td>20 </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="text-align:center; color:#008000;;">原子性質</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%80%81" title="氧化态">氧化态</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">−1, +1 （<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A9%E6%80%A7_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8)" title="兩性 (化學)">兩性</a>氧化物）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%B4%9F%E6%80%A7" title="电负性">电负性</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">2.20（鲍林标度）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A6%BB%E8%83%BD" title="电离能">电离能</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">第一：1312.0 <a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E8%80%B3%E6%AF%8F%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94" title="焦耳每摩尔">kJ·mol−1</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%BB%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%BE%84" title="共价半径">共价半径</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">31±5 pm</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%83%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%E5%8D%8A%E5%BE%84" title="范德华半径">范德华半径</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">120 pm</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hydrogen_spectrum_visible.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Hydrogen_spectrum_visible.png/240px-Hydrogen_spectrum_visible.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Hydrogen_spectrum_visible.png/360px-Hydrogen_spectrum_visible.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Hydrogen_spectrum_visible.png/480px-Hydrogen_spectrum_visible.png 2x" data-file-width="7430" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>氫的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E8%B0%B1%E7%BA%BF" title="原子谱线">原子谱线</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="text-align:center; color:#008000;;">雜項</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="晶体结构">晶体结构</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E6%96%B9%E6%99%B6%E7%B3%BB" title="六方晶系">六方</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81" title="磁">磁序</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E7%A3%81%E6%80%A7" title="抗磁性">抗磁性</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B0%8E%E7%8E%87" title="熱導率">熱導率</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">0.1805 W·m−1·K−1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E9%80%9F" title="音速">聲速</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1310 <a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%AF%8F%E7%A7%92" title="米每秒">m·s−1</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/CAS%E5%8F%B7" title="CAS号">CAS号</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=1333-74-0">1333-74-0</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="text-align:center; color:#008000;;">同位素<div style="float:right;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_hydrogen_isotopes" title="Template:Infobox hydrogen isotopes"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Infobox_hydrogen_isotopes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Infobox hydrogen isotopes（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Infobox_hydrogen_isotopes" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Infobox hydrogen isotopes"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="氫的同位素">氫的同位素</a> <div> <table class="wikitable" cellpadding="0" style="text-align:center;width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="同位素">同位素</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="丰度">丰度</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="半衰期">半衰期</a>（t1/2） </th> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7#衰变" title="放射性">衰變</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="衰變方式">方式</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98%E8%83%BD" title="衰变能">能量</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BC%8F%E7%89%B9" title="電子伏特">MeV</a>） </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98%E4%BA%A7%E7%89%A9" title="衰变产物">產物</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="氫原子">1H</a> </th> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">99.9855% </td> <td colspan="5" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%B3%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="稳定同位素">穩定</a>，帶0粒<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子">中子</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%98" title="氘">2H</a> </th> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">0.0145% </td> <td colspan="5" style="text-align:center;">穩定，帶1粒<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子">中子</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9A" title="氚">3H</a> </th> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%97%95%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="痕量同位素">痕量</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">12.32 年 </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%CE%92%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98#β-衰变" title="Β衰变">β−</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">0.018590 </td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6-3" title="氦-3">3He</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table> 氫（英語：Hydrogen），是一種<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="化學元素">化學元素</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="化學符號">化學符號</a>为H，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BA%8F%E6%95%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="原子序數">原子序數</a>为1，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E9%87%8F" title="原子量">原子量</a>為7000100794000000000♠1.00794 <a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="原子质量单位">u</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="元素週期表">元素週期表</a>中最輕的元素。<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%B0%A3%E9%AB%94" title="單原子氣體">單原子氫</a>（H）是宇宙中<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E8%B1%90%E5%BA%A6" title="化學元素豐度">最常見</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="化學物質">化學物質</a>，佔<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%AD%90" title="重子">重子</a>總質量的75%<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[註 1]</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E9%9B%A2%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="等離子">等離子</a>態的氫是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="主序星">主序星</a>的主要成份。氫的最常見<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="同位素">同位素</a>是「<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="氫原子">氕</a>」（此名稱甚少使用，符號為<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^1H}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>H</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>1</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^1H}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4670f2fd6d4785dbb19be4dc7a21fb854332627c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.739ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^1H}}}">），含1個<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%90" title="質子">質子</a>，不含<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子">中子</a>；天然氫還含極少量的同位素「<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%98" title="氘">氘</a>」（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^2H}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>H</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>2</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^2H}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2aa884bc7a8903487dea708c4e2159b8b70e4afd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.739ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^2H}}}">或<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {D}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>D</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {D}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a4e215677e3f79b142b9b46e9d2f5d5a153b3b69" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.776ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {D}}}">），其含1個質子和1個中子。 氫原子最早在宇宙<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%A9%E5%90%88_(%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%AD%B8)" title="復合 (宇宙學)">復合</a>階段出現並遍佈全宇宙。在<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%B8%A9%E5%BA%A6%E5%92%8C%E5%8E%8B%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="标准温度和压力">標準溫度和壓力</a>之下，氫形成<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="双原子分子">雙原子分子</a>（俗稱<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB%E6%B0%A3" title="氫氣">氫氣</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E5%BC%8F" title="分子式">分子式</a>為H2），呈無色、無臭、無味<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="非金屬">非金屬</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="氣體">氣體</a>，不具毒性，高度<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%93%E7%87%83" class="mw-redirect" title="易燃">易燃</a>。氫很容易和大部份<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="非金屬">非金屬</a>元素形成<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%83%B9%E9%8D%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="共價鍵">共價鍵</a>，所以地球上大部份的氫都以<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="分子">分子</a>化合物的形態存在，比如<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水">水</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="有機化合物">有機化合物</a>等。氫在<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E7%A2%B1%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" class="mw-redirect" title="酸碱反应">酸鹼反應</a>中尤其重要，因為在這類反應中各種分子須互相交換質子。在<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A2%E5%AD%90%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="離子化合物">離子化合物</a>中，氫原子可以獲得一個<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="電子">電子</a>成為<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E9%98%B4%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="氢阴离子">氫陰離子</a>（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {H-}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {H-}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/960e40f7df4b5eb1c781523ecbe393ae6cc5c3c0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.254ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {H-}}}">），或失去一個電子成為<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E9%98%B3%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="氢阳离子">氫陽離子</a>（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {H+}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {H+}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/474f66456168f5fd00301be7b96b2539cf2760b9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.254ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {H+}}}">）。雖然在一般寫法中，氫陽離子就是質子，但在實際化合物中，氫陽離子的實際結構是更加複雜的。氫原子是唯一一個有<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%9B%E5%AE%9A%E8%AB%A4%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="薛定諤方程式">薛定諤方程式</a>解析解的原子，<a href="#cite_note-Laursen04-10">[9]</a>所以對氫原子模型的研究在<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="量子力學">量子力學</a>的發展過程中起到了關鍵的作用。 16世紀，人們通過混合金屬和強酸，首次製備出氫氣。1766至1781年，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%87%E8%BF%AA%E4%BB%80" title="亨利·卡文迪什">亨利·卡文迪什</a>第一次發現氫氣是一種獨立的物質<a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a>，燃燒後會產生水。元素最早的法文名稱為「hydrogène」，由<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="古希臘文">古希臘文</a>的「ὕδωρ」（羅馬化：húdōr，意為「水」）和後綴「-γενής」（羅馬化：-genḗs，意為「生成」）組成，可理解為「生成水的物質」。日文翻譯為「水素」。19世纪50年代，英国医生<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E4%BF%A1" title="合信">合信</a>编写《博物新编》（1855年）时，把元素名翻译为“轻气”，意旨「最輕的氣體」，成為今天中文「氫」字的來源。<a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a> 氫氣的工業生產主要使用<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="天然氣">天然氣</a>的蒸汽重整過程，或通過能源消耗更高的水<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%A7%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="電解">電解</a>反應<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a>。大部份的氫氣都在生產地點直接使用，主要應用包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E7%9F%B3%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="化石燃料">化石燃料</a>處理（如<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%82%E5%8C%96%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89" class="mw-redirect" title="裂化反應">裂化反應</a>）和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A8" title="氨">氨</a>生產（一般用於化肥工業）。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="冶金學">冶金學</a>上，氫氣會對許多金屬造成<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB%E8%84%86" class="mw-redirect" title="氫脆">氫脆</a>現象<a href="#cite_note-Rogers_1999_1057–1064-15">[14]</a>，使運輸管和儲存罐的設計更加複雜<a href="#cite_note-Christensen-16">[15]</a>。 <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="性質">性質</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A2&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：性質">编辑</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E6%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="氢气">氢气</a></div> 氫在自然界中較常以氫氣（雙原子氫氣分子）的形式存在<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a>，少數情況下會出現單原子的氫。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="燃燒">燃燒</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A2&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：燃燒">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shuttle_Main_Engine_Test_Firing_cropped_edited_and_reduced.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="倒掛著的黑色杯狀物噴出藍光" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Shuttle_Main_Engine_Test_Firing_cropped_edited_and_reduced.jpg/170px-Shuttle_Main_Engine_Test_Firing_cropped_edited_and_reduced.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Shuttle_Main_Engine_Test_Firing_cropped_edited_and_reduced.jpg/255px-Shuttle_Main_Engine_Test_Firing_cropped_edited_and_reduced.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Shuttle_Main_Engine_Test_Firing_cropped_edited_and_reduced.jpg/340px-Shuttle_Main_Engine_Test_Firing_cropped_edited_and_reduced.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1612" /></a><figcaption>氫和氧在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%A9%BF%E6%A2%AD%E6%A9%9F%E4%B8%BB%E5%BC%95%E6%93%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="太空穿梭機主引擎">太空穿梭機主引擎</a>中燃燒，在最大推力下產生近乎無色的火焰</figcaption></figure> 氫氣是一種高度易燃的物質，只要在空氣中體積比例在4%和75%之間就可燃燒<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a>。氫的<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%83%A7%E7%83%AD" title="燃烧热">燃燒熱</a>為−286kJ/mol：<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2H2 + O2 -> 2H2O + 572}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mn>572</mn> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2H2 + O2 -> 2H2O + 572}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/26cafc5db28c1bb772c940304c8db520df32327a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:27.628ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2H2 + O2 -> 2H2O + 572}}}">kJ (286 kJ/mol)<a href="#cite_note-20">[註 2]</a></dd></dl> 氫氣與空氣混合濃度處於4%至74%時，或與<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="氯氣">氯氣</a>混合濃度處於5%至95%時，會形成爆炸性混合物，可經火花、高溫或陽光點燃。氫氣在空氣中的<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%87%83%E6%B8%A9%E5%BA%A6" title="自燃温度">自燃溫度</a>為500 °C<a href="#cite_note-21">[19]</a>。純<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB%E6%B0%A7%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E6%B0%A3" title="氫氧混合氣">氫氧混合氣</a>在燃燒時發出<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E5%A4%96%E5%85%89" class="mw-redirect" title="紫外光">紫外光</a>，且在氧氣比例較高時，火焰是無色的──例如，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%A9%BF%E6%A2%AD%E6%A9%9F%E4%B8%BB%E5%BC%95%E6%93%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="太空穿梭機主引擎">太空穿梭機主引擎</a>的火焰呈淡蓝色，但<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E9%A3%9E%E6%9C%BA%E5%9B%BA%E4%BD%93%E5%8A%A9%E6%8E%A8%E5%99%A8" title="航天飞机固体助推器">穿梭機固體助推器</a>的火焰則顏色鮮豔。正在燃燒的氫氣洩漏點需要<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%81%AB%E7%84%B0%E6%8E%A2%E6%B8%AC%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="火焰探測器（页面不存在）">火焰探測器</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flame_detector" class="extiw" title="en:Flame detector">Flame detector</a>）才能發現，所以非常危險。在其他情況下，氫氣的燃燒火焰呈藍色，與天然氣的火焰顏色相似。<a href="#cite_note-22">[20]</a> H2可以和所有氧化性元素發生反應。氫氣可以在室溫下與<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="氯氣">氯氣</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F%E6%B0%94" title="氟气">氟氣</a>自發產生劇烈反應，分別形成<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%A2" title="氯化氢">氯化氫</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%A2" title="氟化氢">氟化氫</a>兩種酸。<a href="#cite_note-23">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="電子能級">電子能級</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A2&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：電子能級">编辑</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="氫原子">氫原子</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hydrogen_atom.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Hydrogen_atom.svg/220px-Hydrogen_atom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Hydrogen_atom.svg/330px-Hydrogen_atom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Hydrogen_atom.svg/440px-Hydrogen_atom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="246" /></a><figcaption>氫原子模型（圖示不按比例）</figcaption></figure> 氫原子的電子<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%80%81" title="基态">基態</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E7%B4%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="能級">能級</a>為−13.6<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BC%8F%E7%89%B9" title="電子伏特">eV</a>，<a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a>對應於波長約為91<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B1%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="納米">納米</a>的紫外線<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%90" title="光子">光子</a>。<a href="#cite_note-25">[23]</a> 用<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E5%B0%94%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="玻尔原子模型">玻爾原子模型</a>可以很準確地計算出氫原子的各個能級，該模型假設電子圍繞著中心質子「公轉」，就像地球繞太陽公轉一樣。不同的是，電子和質子通過<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E7%A3%81%E5%8A%9B" title="電磁力">電磁力</a>互相吸引，行星和恒星則通過<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="重力">重力</a>相吸。早期<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="量子力學">量子力學</a>假定<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E5%8B%95%E9%87%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="角動量">角動量</a>分立原理，電子和質子的距離只能取特殊的數值，因此電子在原子中也只能擁有特殊的能量值。<a href="#cite_note-26">[24]</a> 要更準確地描述氫原子，須用到純量子力學理論中的<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%9B%E5%AE%9A%E8%AB%A4%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="薛定諤方程式">薛定諤方程式</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%84%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F" title="狄拉克方程式">狄拉克方程式</a>，甚至是<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%B2%BB%E6%9B%BC" title="理查德·費曼">費曼</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%91%E7%A9%8D%E5%88%86%E8%A1%A8%E8%BF%B0" title="路徑積分表述">路徑積分表述</a>，來計算電子在質子周圍的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E7%8E%87%E5%B9%85" title="機率幅">機率密度</a>。<a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a>最複雜的計算可考慮到<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%B9%E7%BE%A9%E7%9B%B8%E5%B0%8D%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="狹義相對論">狹義相對論</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E7%A9%BA%E6%A5%B5%E5%8C%96" title="真空極化">真空極化</a>效應。在量子力學的氫原子模型中，位於基態的電子不含任何角動量，可見「行星軌道」模型與事實情況有著根本性的分別。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="形态">形态</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A2&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：形态">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liquid_hydrogen_bubblechamber.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Liquid_hydrogen_bubblechamber.jpg/170px-Liquid_hydrogen_bubblechamber.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Liquid_hydrogen_bubblechamber.jpg/255px-Liquid_hydrogen_bubblechamber.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Liquid_hydrogen_bubblechamber.jpg/340px-Liquid_hydrogen_bubblechamber.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="852" /></a><figcaption>在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%9D%E6%B3%95%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="貝法加速器（页面不存在）">貝法</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bevatron" class="extiw" title="en:Bevatron">Bevatron</a>）粒子加速器的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%B2%E6%B0%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="液氫">液氫</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E6%B3%A1%E5%AE%A4" title="氣泡室">氣泡室</a>觀測到的粒子軌跡</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>气态氢</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%B2%E6%80%81%E6%B0%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="液态氢">液态氢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%9B%B8%E7%82%B9%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E6%B0%A2" title="三相点上的氢">三相点上的氢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E6%80%81%E6%B0%A2" title="固态氢">固态氢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E%E6%B0%A2" title="金属氢">金属氢</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="化合物">化合物</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A2&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：化合物">编辑</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">更多信息：<a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%B0%A2%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="Category:氢化合物">氫化合物</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="共價及有機化合物">共價及有機化合物</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A2&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：共價及有機化合物">编辑</a>]</div> 雖然<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {H2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {H2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ee7e7591b2638f6cb36846024e6d017e48c4c973" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.797ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {H2}}}">在標準條件下的反應性不高，但它卻可以和大部份元素形成化合物。氫可以和電負性更高元素結合，如<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%B5%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="鹵素">鹵素</a>（氟、氯、溴、碘）和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">氧</a>，這些化合物中的氫帶有部份正電荷。<a href="#cite_note-28">[26]</a>氫與<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F" title="氟">氟</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">氧</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮">氮</a>結合而成的分子之間可以形成<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB%E9%8D%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="氫鍵">氫鍵</a>。這種中等強度的非共價化學鍵，正是許多生物分子能夠穩定存在的原因。<a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[28]</a>氫也可以和電負性更低的元素結合，如各種<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="金屬">金屬</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%9E%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="類金屬">類金屬</a>，這些化合物稱為<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="氢化物">氫化物</a>，其中氫帶有部份負電荷。<a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a> 氫和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳">碳</a>可形成名目繁多的化合物，稱為<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%B0%AB%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="碳氫化合物">碳氫化合物</a>，又稱烴；再加上各種<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%82%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="杂原子">雜原子</a>，所能形成的化合物數量則更大。由於這些物質和<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="生物">生物</a>息息相關，所以統稱<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="有機化合物">有機化合物</a>。<a href="#cite_note-hydrocarbon-32">[30]</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="有機化學">有機化學</a>是對此類化學物屬性的研究，<a href="#cite_note-33">[31]</a>而對有機化合物在生物體中的作用之研究，則稱為<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="生物化學">生物化學</a>。<a href="#cite_note-34">[32]</a>根據某些定義，有機化合物囊括所有含有碳的化合物。然而，大部份有機化合物同時也含有氫，而且是其中的碳-氫鍵賦予了它們獨特的化學性質，因此在另一些定義中，有機化合物必須含有碳-氫鍵。<a href="#cite_note-hydrocarbon-32">[30]</a>現在已知的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%B0%AB%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="碳氫化合物">碳氫化合物</a>以數百萬計，它們的合成途徑一般都十分複雜，而且很少會直接使用單質氫。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="氫化物">氫化物</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A2&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：氫化物">编辑</a>]</div> 含氫的化合物有時會稱為<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="氢化物">氫化物</a>，但這一用詞並沒有嚴格的定義。氫化物一般是氫和<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%B4%9F%E6%80%A7" title="电负性">電負性</a>更低的元素結合而成，當中的氫呈負價，記作<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {H-}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {H-}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/960e40f7df4b5eb1c781523ecbe393ae6cc5c3c0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.254ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {H-}}}">。<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E7%88%BE%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF" title="吉爾伯特·路易斯">吉爾伯特·路易斯</a>在1916年提出，<a href="/wiki/1%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="1族">1族</a>和<a href="/wiki/2%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="2族">2族</a>的氫鹽中存在氫陰離子。1920年，K. Moers通過<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%A7%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="電解">電解</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E5%8C%96%E9%94%82" title="氢化锂">氫化鋰</a>（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {LiH}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>LiH</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {LiH}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a12c661259b2aa22c23128f433e7a0a9efa0b19d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.843ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {LiH}}}">），在陽極提取出氫氣，證明氫陰離子的存在。<a href="#cite_note-Moers-35">[33]</a>由於氫的電負性較低，所以「氫化物」一詞對於1、2族以外元素的氫化物並不完全準確。2族元素氫化物中有一個例外，即高聚物氫化鈹（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {BeH2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>BeH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {BeH2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/53b1395bae3d9a68bf3663d57339af66d480a699" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:5.475ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {BeH2}}}">）。在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E5%8C%96%E9%93%9D%E9%94%82" title="氢化铝锂">氫化鋁鋰</a>的<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {AlH4-}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>AlH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {AlH4-}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/693f8fb9c33bb2667045682a6bf05cb32d294433" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.644ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {AlH4-}}}">離子中，四個氫陰離子緊靠著鋁(III)。 幾乎所有主族元素都可以形成氫化物，不過化學種類數量卻有著巨大的差異。例如，已知的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC%E7%83%B7" title="硼烷">硼氫二元化合物</a>共100多種，但鋁氫二元化合物卻只有一種。<a href="#cite_note-Downs-36">[34]</a>二元<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E5%8C%96%E9%93%9F" title="氢化铟">氫化銦</a>還未被發現，但它存在於更大的銦氫<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="配合物">配合物</a>中。<a href="#cite_note-Hibbs-37">[35]</a> 在<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E6%9C%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="无机化学">無機化學</a>中，氫化物還可用作<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%8B%E6%8E%A5%E9%85%8D%E9%AB%94" title="橋接配體">橋接配體</a>，連接配合物中的兩個金屬中心。這一用途在<a href="/wiki/13%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="13族元素">13族元素</a>配合物中最為常見，特別是<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC%E7%83%B7" title="硼烷">硼烷</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%81" class="mw-redirect" title="鋁">鋁</a>配合物和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E7%A1%BC%E7%83%B7" title="碳硼烷">碳硼烷</a>簇。<a href="#cite_note-Miessler-38">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="質子與酸">質子與酸</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A2&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：質子與酸">编辑</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">更多信息：<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E7%A2%B1%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" class="mw-redirect" title="酸碱反应">酸鹼反應</a></div> 氫在氧化後會失去它的電子，形成<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E9%98%B3%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="氢阳离子">氫陽離子</a>（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {H+}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {H+}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/474f66456168f5fd00301be7b96b2539cf2760b9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.254ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {H+}}}">）。氫陽離子不含電子，其原子核通常只含一個<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%90" title="質子">質子</a>，所以<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {H+}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {H+}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/474f66456168f5fd00301be7b96b2539cf2760b9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.254ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {H+}}}">經常被直接稱為質子。氫陽離子是<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E9%B9%BC%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="酸鹼理論">酸鹼理論</a>中不可或缺的化學物質。<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E9%B9%BC%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%90%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="酸鹼質子理論">酸鹼質子理論</a>把<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8" title="酸">酸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="鹼">鹼</a>分別定義為質子供體和質子受體。 質子<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {H+}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {H+}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/474f66456168f5fd00301be7b96b2539cf2760b9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.254ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {H+}}}">不能在溶液或離子晶體中裸露存在，因為它不可避免地會靠近其他含有電子的原子或分子。除非在高溫等離子狀態，原子和分子的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%9B%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="電子雲">電子雲</a>會一直附在質子的周圍，質子是無法脫離開來的。然而，人們常以「質子」來不嚴謹地表示與其他原子或離子鍵合的氫陽離子和帶正電荷的氫原子，並記作H+ 。此時寫「<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {H+}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {H+}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/474f66456168f5fd00301be7b96b2539cf2760b9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.254ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {H+}}}">」，並不意味著質子自由存在。 為了避免認為溶液中存在裸露的質子，人們有時會把酸性水溶液中的陽離子記作<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {H3O+}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {H3O+}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fe37c1063c3897905219e48befa6b3871fbcb331" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:6.116ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {H3O+}}}">，稱為<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%90%88%E6%B0%A2%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" title="水合氢离子">水合氫離子</a>。這其實是一種假想的情況，現實中水分子和氫離子會結合組成更接近<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {H9O4+}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>9</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {H9O4+}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/73b0c7c965ccdb40099892499c6f5e8cd5c64572" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:6.116ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {H9O4+}}}">的化學物質。<a href="#cite_note-Okumura-39">[37]</a>當酸溶液同時含有水和其他溶劑時，會形成其他的<a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A6%A1%E9%B9%BD" title="𨦡鹽">𨦡鹽</a>。<a href="#cite_note-Perdoncin-40">[38]</a> 儘管在地球上十分罕見，但<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {H3+}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {H3+}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5db12fb4dd5410d4e2b63d4f03e880060cf08f8f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:3.254ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {H3+}}}">離子（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AB%E9%99%BD%E9%9B%A2%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="三氫陽離子">三氫陽離子</a>，又稱質子化分子氫）卻是宇宙中最常見的離子之一。<a href="#cite_note-Carrington-41">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="同位素">同位素</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A2&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：同位素">编辑</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="氫的同位素">氫的同位素</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hydrogen_discharge_tube.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Hydrogen_discharge_tube.jpg/220px-Hydrogen_discharge_tube.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Hydrogen_discharge_tube.jpg/330px-Hydrogen_discharge_tube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Hydrogen_discharge_tube.jpg/440px-Hydrogen_discharge_tube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%95" class="mw-redirect" title="氕">氕</a>放電管</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Deuterium_discharge_tube.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Deuterium_discharge_tube.jpg/220px-Deuterium_discharge_tube.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Deuterium_discharge_tube.jpg/330px-Deuterium_discharge_tube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Deuterium_discharge_tube.jpg/440px-Deuterium_discharge_tube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%98" title="氘">氘</a>放電管</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Protium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Protium.svg/170px-Protium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Protium.svg/255px-Protium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Protium.svg/340px-Protium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%95" class="mw-redirect" title="氕">氕</a>是最常見的氫<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="同位素">同位素</a>，含一個質子和一個電子。它是所有元素中唯一不含中子的穩定同位素</figcaption></figure> 氫有三種天然同位素，分別為<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%95" class="mw-redirect" title="氕">氕</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%98" title="氘">氘</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9A" title="氚">氚</a>，記作<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^1H}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>H</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>1</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^1H}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4670f2fd6d4785dbb19be4dc7a21fb854332627c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.739ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^1H}}}">、<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^2H}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>H</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>2</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^2H}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2aa884bc7a8903487dea708c4e2159b8b70e4afd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.739ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^2H}}}">和<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^3H}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>H</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>3</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^3H}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3b88fcc9225bb8dceb5563cbacae87743ce8ee31" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.739ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^3H}}}">。其他不穩定同位素原子核（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^4H}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>H</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>4</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^4H}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5a11577be7ef3916fd7ce353ce9f4003f5ce4fcb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.739ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^4H}}}">至<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^7H}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>H</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>7</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^7H}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2c6324968c3975840f73f1de81e39dabfb44f9c2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.739ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^7H}}}">）可在實驗室中合成，但不存在於自然界中。<a href="#cite_note-Gurov-42">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-Korsheninnikov-43">[41]</a> <ul><li>氕（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^1H}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>H</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>1</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^1H}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4670f2fd6d4785dbb19be4dc7a21fb854332627c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.739ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^1H}}}">）是最常見的氫同位素，豐度高於99.98%。氕原子不含中子，只含一個質子和一個電子。<a href="#cite_note-44">[42]</a></li> <li>氘（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^2H}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>H</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>2</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^2H}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2aa884bc7a8903487dea708c4e2159b8b70e4afd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.739ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^2H}}}">，符號為<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {D}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>D</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {D}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a4e215677e3f79b142b9b46e9d2f5d5a153b3b69" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.776ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {D}}}">）是氫的另一種穩定同位素，其原子核含有一個質子和一個中子。宇宙中幾乎所有的氘皆是在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%88%86%E7%82%B8" title="大爆炸">大爆炸</a>中形成的，殘留至今。氘無放射性，亦無毒性。含氘的水分子稱為<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E6%B0%B4" title="重水">重水</a>。氘以及含氘的化合物可以在化學實驗及氕<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF%E6%B3%A2%E8%B0%B1%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="核磁共振波谱法">核磁共振波譜法</a>溶劑中，作為非放射性標識。<a href="#cite_note-45">[43]</a>在核反應爐中，重水是一種<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E6%B8%9B%E9%80%9F%E5%8A%91" class="mw-redirect" title="中子減速劑">中子減速劑</a>和冷卻劑。氘也有潛力成為商業<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%81%9A%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="核聚變">核聚變</a>反應的燃料。<a href="#cite_note-46">[44]</a></li> <li>氚（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^3H}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>H</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>3</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^3H}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3b88fcc9225bb8dceb5563cbacae87743ce8ee31" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.739ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^3H}}}">，符號為<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {T}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>T</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {T}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/79f142fe9e6dced0e7a5887df8cc01686bd1f220" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.678ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {T}}}">) 的原子核含有一個質子和兩個中子。氚具有放射性，會<a href="/wiki/%CE%92%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="Β衰變">β衰變</a>成<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6-3" title="氦-3">氦-3</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="半衰期">半衰期</a>為12.32年。<a href="#cite_note-Miessler-38">[36]</a>它的放射性可用於<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BC%E5%85%89%E9%A1%8F%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="發光顏料（页面不存在）">發光顏料</a>，例如夜光鐘錶等（錶面玻璃可阻擋其輻射）。<a href="#cite_note-Traub95-47">[45]</a>因為<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%B0%84%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="宇宙射線">宇宙射線</a>和大氣氣體的相互作用會造成<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%AC%97%E5%8F%98" title="核嬗变">核嬗變</a>，再加上多次<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%A9%A6%E9%A9%97" class="mw-redirect" title="核試驗">核武器試驗</a>的輻射性微塵，所以自然界中存在少量的氚。<a href="#cite_note-48">[46]</a>氚的應用包括：核聚變反應、<a href="#cite_note-49">[47]</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="同位素地球化學（页面不存在）">同位素地球化學</a>示蹤劑<a href="#cite_note-50">[48]</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9A%E7%AE%A1" title="氚管">自發光照明器材</a>，<a href="#cite_note-51">[49]</a>並可在化學和生物學實驗中用作放射性標識。<a href="#cite_note-holte-52">[50]</a></li></ul> 氫是唯一一個同位素各自擁有不同名稱的元素。在放射性研究的早期，其他更重的同位素都有自己的名稱，但至今仍在廣泛使用的就只剩下氘和氚。<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^2H}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>H</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>2</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^2H}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2aa884bc7a8903487dea708c4e2159b8b70e4afd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.739ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^2H}}}">和<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^3H}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>H</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>3</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^3H}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3b88fcc9225bb8dceb5563cbacae87743ce8ee31" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.739ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^3H}}}">有時會記作<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {D}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>D</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {D}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a4e215677e3f79b142b9b46e9d2f5d5a153b3b69" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.776ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {D}}}">和<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {T}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>T</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {T}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/79f142fe9e6dced0e7a5887df8cc01686bd1f220" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.678ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {T}}}">，但本來對應於氕（Protium）的符號<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {P}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>P</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {P}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/35d7aa580dc55f8f89adb65c167870b8e9f13c9c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.583ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {P}}}">，已經是<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7" title="磷">磷</a>的元素符號，所以不再通用。<a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a>根據<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E7%B4%94%E7%B2%B9%E8%88%87%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="國際純粹與應用化學聯合會">國際純粹與應用化學聯合會</a>（IUPAC）的命名指引，<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {D}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>D</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {D}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a4e215677e3f79b142b9b46e9d2f5d5a153b3b69" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.776ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {D}}}">、<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {T}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>T</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {T}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/79f142fe9e6dced0e7a5887df8cc01686bd1f220" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.678ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {T}}}">、<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^2H}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>H</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>2</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^2H}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2aa884bc7a8903487dea708c4e2159b8b70e4afd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.739ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^2H}}}">和<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^3H}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>H</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>3</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^3H}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3b88fcc9225bb8dceb5563cbacae87743ce8ee31" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.739ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^3H}}}">均可使用，其<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^2H}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>H</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>2</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^2H}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2aa884bc7a8903487dea708c4e2159b8b70e4afd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.739ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^2H}}}">和<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^3H}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>H</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>3</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^3H}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3b88fcc9225bb8dceb5563cbacae87743ce8ee31" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.739ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^3H}}}">較為適宜。<a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史">歷史</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A2&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：歷史">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="發現及使用">發現及使用</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A2&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：發現及使用">编辑</a>]</div> 1671年，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%8B%94%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%A9%E8%80%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="羅拔·波義耳">羅拔·波義耳</a>發現<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="鐵">鐵</a>屑和稀釋<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8" title="酸">酸</a>之間會發生反應，並產生氣體——也就是氫氣。<a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a>1766年，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%87%E8%BF%AA%E4%BB%80" title="亨利·卡文迪什">亨利·卡文迪什</a>同樣利用金屬和酸之間的反應，首次發現氫氣是一種獨立的物質，並將其命名為「易燃氣」。他猜想，「易燃氣」就是當時假想的<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="燃素">燃素</a>。<a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-cav766-58">[56]</a>1781年，他又發現該氣體在燃燒後會生成水。故此，卡文迪什一般被後世尊為氫元素的發現者。<a href="#cite_note-Nostrand-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-nbb-3">[3]</a>1783年，<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%9D%B1%E8%90%AC-%E7%BE%85%E5%80%AB%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E7%93%A6%E7%AF%80" class="mw-redirect" title="安東萬-羅倫·德·拉瓦節">安東萬-羅倫·德·拉瓦節</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E8%80%B6%E7%88%BE-%E8%A5%BF%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="皮耶爾-西蒙·拉普拉斯">皮耶爾-西蒙·拉普拉斯</a>重複並證實了卡文迪什的實驗。拉瓦節為這一元素命名為「Hydrogen」，詞源為<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘文">希臘文</a>中的「水」（ὑδρο）和「創造者」（-γενής）。<a href="#cite_note-Stwertka-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-nbb-3">[3]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Antoine-Laurent_Lavoisier_(by_Louis_Jean_Desire_Delaistre)RENEW.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Antoine-Laurent_Lavoisier_%28by_Louis_Jean_Desire_Delaistre%29RENEW.jpg/180px-Antoine-Laurent_Lavoisier_%28by_Louis_Jean_Desire_Delaistre%29RENEW.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Antoine-Laurent_Lavoisier_%28by_Louis_Jean_Desire_Delaistre%29RENEW.jpg/270px-Antoine-Laurent_Lavoisier_%28by_Louis_Jean_Desire_Delaistre%29RENEW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Antoine-Laurent_Lavoisier_%28by_Louis_Jean_Desire_Delaistre%29RENEW.jpg/360px-Antoine-Laurent_Lavoisier_%28by_Louis_Jean_Desire_Delaistre%29RENEW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1584" data-file-height="2158" /></a><figcaption>安東萬-羅倫·德·拉瓦節</figcaption></figure> 在拉瓦節的實驗中，蒸汽在一支用火燒熱的鐵管內流通，高溫下水分子中的質子會對鐵金屬進行無氧性氧化反應，產生氫氣。此反應的方程式如下： <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Fe + H2O -> FeO + H2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>Fe</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mtext>FeO</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Fe + H2O -> FeO + H2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b63737a7f2fed94134265fb1952b862a736443a1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:25.088ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Fe + H2O -> FeO + H2}}}"></dd> <dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2Fe + 3H2O -> Fe2O3 + 3H2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>Fe</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>Fe</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2Fe + 3H2O -> Fe2O3 + 3H2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c739a2c253034929d2a4c646bdc05f715b598090" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:31.845ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2Fe + 3H2O -> Fe2O3 + 3H2}}}"></dd> <dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {3Fe + 4H2O -> Fe3O4 + 4H2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>Fe</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>Fe</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {3Fe + 4H2O -> Fe3O4 + 4H2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/81eaa657b611bff6467a61876c8f8ecf525d5fd7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:31.845ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {3Fe + 4H2O -> Fe3O4 + 4H2}}}"></dd></dl> 不少金屬都可以代替鐵，進行以上的化學反應而產生氫氣，例如<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="鋯">鋯</a>。 1898年，<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%9D%9C%E7%93%A6" title="詹姆斯·杜瓦">詹姆斯·杜瓦</a>用<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E5%86%B7%E5%8D%BB%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="再生冷卻法（页面不存在）">再生冷卻法</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regenerative_cooling" class="extiw" title="en:Regenerative cooling">Regenerative cooling</a>）及他所發明的真空<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E6%BA%AB%E7%93%B6" title="保溫瓶">保溫瓶</a>，首次製成<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%B2%E6%B0%A2" title="液氢">液氫</a>。<a href="#cite_note-nbb-3">[3]</a>翌年，他又製成固體氫。<a href="#cite_note-nbb-3">[3]</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E7%BE%85%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%B0%A4%E9%87%8C" title="哈羅德·尤里">哈羅德·尤里</a>於1931年12月發現氘，而<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%8D%A2%E7%91%9F%E7%A6%8F" title="欧内斯特·卢瑟福">歐内斯特·盧瑟福</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%88%A9%E8%8A%AC%E7%89%B9" title="马克·奥利芬特">马克·奥利芬特</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E7%BE%85%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E7%89%B9%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="保羅·哈特克（页面不存在）">保羅·哈特克</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Harteck" class="extiw" title="en:Paul Harteck">Paul Harteck</a>）則在1934年首次製備出氚。<a href="#cite_note-Nostrand-2">[2]</a>尤里的研究小組在1932年發現<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E6%B0%B4" title="重水">重水</a>，即含有氘的水。<a href="#cite_note-nbb-3">[3]</a>1806年，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%88%A9%E7%93%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弗朗斯瓦·伊薩克·德·利瓦（页面不存在）">弗朗斯瓦·伊薩克·德·利瓦</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Isaac_de_Rivaz" class="extiw" title="en:François Isaac de Rivaz">François Isaac de Rivaz</a>）製造了第一部以氫氧混合物作為燃料的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E7%87%83%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="內燃機">內燃機</a>──<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E5%88%A9%E7%93%A6%E5%BC%95%E6%93%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="德利瓦引擎（页面不存在）">德利瓦引擎</a>。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%9B%E5%BE%B7%E8%8F%AF%C2%B7%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="愛德華·丹尼爾·克拉克（页面不存在）">愛德華·丹尼爾·克拉克</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Daniel_Clarke" class="extiw" title="en:Edward Daniel Clarke">Edward Daniel Clarke</a>）在1819年發明了氫氣吹管。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E8%B2%9D%E8%90%8A%E7%B4%8D%E7%87%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="德貝萊納燈（页面不存在）">德貝萊納燈</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B6bereiner%27s_lamp" class="extiw" title="en:Döbereiner's lamp">Döbereiner's lamp</a>）和<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E5%85%89%E7%87%88" title="聚光燈">聚光燈</a>則在1823年被發明。<a href="#cite_note-nbb-3">[3]</a> 1783年，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%85%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E7%88%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雅克·沙爾（页面不存在）">雅克·沙爾</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Charles" class="extiw" title="en:Jacques Charles">Jacques Charles</a>）發明了首個<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E6%B0%94%E7%90%83" class="mw-redirect" title="氢气球">氫氣球</a>。<a href="#cite_note-nbb-3">[3]</a>1852年，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E5%90%89%E6%B3%95%E7%88%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亨利·吉法爾（页面不存在）">亨利·吉法爾</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Giffard" class="extiw" title="en:Henri Giffard">Henri Giffard</a>）發明了首個以氫氣提供升力的載人飛艇。<a href="#cite_note-nbb-3">[3]</a>德國的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%90%E8%BF%AA%E5%8D%97%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E9%BD%90%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97" title="斐迪南·冯·齐柏林">斐迪南·馮·齊柏林</a>伯爵大力推廣了這一運輸工具，他所設計的飛船稱作<a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%8A%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97%E9%A3%9B%E8%88%B9" title="齊柏林飛船">齊柏林飛船</a>，於1900年首飛。<a href="#cite_note-nbb-3">[3]</a>飛船的常規航班從1910年開始，到了1914年8月<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="第一次世界大戰">第一次世界大戰</a>之始已搭載3萬5千多人，並無重大事故。氫氣飛船在戰時被用於觀測及<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E8%A2%AD" title="空袭">轟炸</a>。 1919年，<a href="/w/index.php?title=R34%E9%A3%9B%E8%88%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R34飛船（页面不存在）">R34飛船</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R34_(airship)" class="extiw" title="en:R34 (airship)">R34 (airship)</a>）首次不停站橫跨大西洋。常規客運航班在1920年代陸續恢復。雖然當時在美國發現了<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6%E6%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="氦气">氦氣</a>儲備，但美國政府不願售賣氦氣作運輸之用。因此<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%88%E7%99%BB%E5%A0%A1%E8%99%9F%E9%A3%9B%E8%88%B9" title="興登堡號飛船">興登堡號飛船</a>所使用的仍然是氫氣，飛船於1937年5月6日準備降落於<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%BE%A4%E8%A5%BF%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="新澤西州">新澤西州</a>時，在半空中起火焚燒並墜毀。<a href="#cite_note-nbb-3">[3]</a>整個事故經电视直播，且全程被拍攝下來。人們最早認為是洩漏的氫氣爆炸造成了這場事故，但之後的調查卻指出，是飛船鍍<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%81" class="mw-redirect" title="鋁">鋁</a>的表面布料被<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9C%E9%9B%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="靜電">靜電</a>點燃引致起火。 1937年，第一部氫冷汽輪發電機在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E4%BA%A5%E4%BF%84%E5%B7%9E" title="俄亥俄州">俄亥俄州</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E9%A1%BF_(%E4%BF%84%E4%BA%A5%E4%BF%84%E5%B7%9E)" title="代顿 (俄亥俄州)">代頓</a>投入使用，這種發電機以氫氣作為轉子和定子的<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E5%8D%B4%E5%89%82" title="冷却剂">冷卻劑</a>。<a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a>由於氫氣的導熱性極佳，所以至今仍是最常用的發電機冷卻劑。 1977年，美國海軍的導航科技2號衛星（NTS-2）搭載了首個<a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%B3%E6%B0%AB%E9%9B%BB%E6%B1%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="鎳氫電池">鎳氫電池</a>。<a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%AB%99" class="mw-redirect" title="國際太空站">國際太空站</a>、<a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a><a href="/wiki/2001%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F%E5%A5%A7%E5%BE%B7%E8%B3%BD%E8%99%9F" title="2001火星奧德賽號">2001火星奧德賽號</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[60]</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E6%8E%A2%E5%8B%98%E8%80%85%E8%99%9F" title="火星全球探勘者號">火星全球探勘者號</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a>都配備了鎳氫電池。處於地球陰影部份的時候，<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%8B%83%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="哈勃太空望遠鏡">哈勃太空望遠鏡</a>也是由鎳氫電池供電的。<a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a>這個電池在運作19年後（超過設計年期13年），終於在2009年5月被更換下來。<a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="量子理論">量子理論</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A2&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：量子理論">编辑</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emission_spectrum-H.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Emission_spectrum-H.svg/500px-Emission_spectrum-H.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Emission_spectrum-H.svg/750px-Emission_spectrum-H.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Emission_spectrum-H.svg/1000px-Emission_spectrum-H.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="757" data-file-height="100" /></a><figcaption>氫在可見光範圍內的發射光譜共有<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%80%B3%E6%9C%AB%E7%B3%BB" title="巴耳末系">巴耳末系</a>的四條譜線</figcaption></figure> 氫是原子結構最為簡單的元素，只含一個<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%90" title="質子">質子</a>和一個<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90" title="电子">電子</a>。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="原子">原子</a>結構模型的發展過程中，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="氫原子">氫原子</a>和它的發射、吸收光譜都有著特殊的理論價值。<a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a>物理學家在1925年前後發展出氫原子的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="量子力學">量子力學</a>描述，此後氫分子以及<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {H2+}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {H2+}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/69f5045123facf3c0604e1cb7e9ccf0581b5be32" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:3.254ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {H2+}}}">陽離子又因為結構簡單，而成為科學家在研究<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E9%8D%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="化學鍵">化學鍵</a>本質時所用的重要對象。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="反物質">反物質</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A2&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：反物質">编辑</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%B0%AB" title="反氫">反氫</a>（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\overline {\mathrm {H} }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> </mrow> <mo accent="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\overline {\mathrm {H} }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6d8d2f42da525713df659982571287ee5bbf0176" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.858ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\overline {\mathrm {H} }}}">）是對應於氫的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="反物質">反物質</a>，含一個<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%90" title="反質子">反質子</a>和一個<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="正子">正子</a>。截至2015年，反氫是唯一被合成過的反物質原子<a href="#cite_note-char15-67">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-Keller15-68">[66]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="分佈">分佈</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A2&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：分佈">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nursery_of_New_Stars_-_GPN-2000-000972.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Nursery_of_New_Stars_-_GPN-2000-000972.jpg/220px-Nursery_of_New_Stars_-_GPN-2000-000972.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Nursery_of_New_Stars_-_GPN-2000-000972.jpg/330px-Nursery_of_New_Stars_-_GPN-2000-000972.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Nursery_of_New_Stars_-_GPN-2000-000972.jpg/440px-Nursery_of_New_Stars_-_GPN-2000-000972.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1127" data-file-height="1201" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/NGC_604" title="NGC 604">NGC 604</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E5%BA%A7%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB" title="三角座星系">三角座星系</a>中一個巨大的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A6%BB%E6%B0%A2%E5%8C%BA" title="电离氢区">電離氫區</a></figcaption></figure> 氫是宇宙中<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%90%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="豐度">豐度</a>最高的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="化學元素">化學元素</a>，佔<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%AD%90" title="重子">重子</a>總質量的75%，原子總數的90%以上。（不過，宇宙的大部份質量並不是由化學元素物質所組成的，而是有待進一步了解的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%97%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="暗物質">暗物質</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%97%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F" title="暗能量">暗能量</a>。）<a href="#cite_note-69">[67]</a>氫是<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F" title="恒星">恒星</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" title="巨行星">巨行星</a>的主要成份之一，並通過<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%90%EF%B9%A3%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%90%E9%8F%88%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89" class="mw-redirect" title="質子﹣質子鏈反應">質子﹣質子鏈反應</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%B0%AE%E6%B0%A7%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0" title="碳氮氧循環">碳氮氧循環</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%81%9A%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="核聚變">核聚變</a>反應為恒星提供能量。H2<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E9%9B%B2" title="分子雲">分子雲</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90" title="恆星形成">恒星形成</a>的地點。<a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a> 宇宙中的氫主要以單原子形態和<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E9%9B%A2%E5%AD%90%E6%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="等離子態">等離子態</a>存在，此兩者的性質和雙原子氫分子頗為不同。氫等離子體中，電子和質子各自獨立，所以<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%B0%8E%E7%8E%87" title="電導率">電導率</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E7%8E%87" title="发射率">發射率</a>都很高，這是太陽等恒星發光的原因。這些帶電粒子受電磁場的影響，例如，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E9%A2%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽風">太陽風</a>會和地球<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E5%B1%82" title="磁层">磁層</a>相互作用，產生<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E9%9B%BB%E6%B5%81" title="白克蘭電流">白克蘭電流</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E5%85%89" class="mw-redirect" title="極光">極光</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E9%9A%9B%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="星際物質">星際物質</a>含有中性單原子氫。直到<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E7%A7%BB" title="紅移">紅移</a><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle z=4}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>z</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>4</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle z=4}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/24811226e8b5512685e5d4084e3b9fbf4b8869fa" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.349ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle z=4}">為止，宇宙重子密度都以阻尼<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E6%9B%BC%CE%B1%E7%99%BC%E5%B0%84%E9%AB%94" title="萊曼α發射體">萊曼α</a>系統中的大量中性氫原子為主。<a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a> 在地球上的常規條件下，氫的單質以雙原子氣體存在，即<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {H2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {H2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ee7e7591b2638f6cb36846024e6d017e48c4c973" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.797ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {H2}}}">。但由於質量低，氫氣比其他較重的氣體更容易逃逸地球重力，所以在地球大氣中的含量極低，只佔大氣總體積的百萬分之1。另一方面，氫卻是地球表面豐度排第三的元素，<a href="#cite_note-ArgonneBasic-72">[70]</a>主要存在於<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%B0%AB%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="碳氫化合物">碳氫化合物</a>和水等化合物當中。<a href="#cite_note-Miessler-38">[36]</a>某些<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%8F%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="細菌">細菌</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%BB%E9%A1%9E" title="藻類">藻類</a>會釋放氫氣，<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%83%E8%85%B8%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="胃腸氣">胃腸氣</a>中也含有氫氣。<a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a> 星際物質中的氫分子經<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%B0%84%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="宇宙射線">宇宙射線</a>的電離之後，會形成<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AB%E9%99%BD%E9%9B%A2%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="三氫陽離子">三氫陽離子</a>（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {H3+}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {H3+}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5db12fb4dd5410d4e2b63d4f03e880060cf08f8f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:3.254ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {H3+}}}">）。這種離子也存在於<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F" title="木星">木星</a>的大氣上層。在太空的低溫低密度環境下，三氫陽離子可以較穩定地存在，所以它是宇宙中最常見的離子之一，對星際物質的化學研究也起到了重要的作用。<a href="#cite_note-74">[72]</a>中性<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%B0%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="三原子氫">三原子氫</a>（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {H3}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {H3}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/17694d912e88f395f0ca4ec1bc0094082299fa25" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.797ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {H3}}}">）是一種不穩定分子，只能在激發狀態下存在。<a href="#cite_note-couple-75">[73]</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" title="氢分子离子">氫分子陽離子</a>（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {H2+}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {H2+}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/69f5045123facf3c0604e1cb7e9ccf0581b5be32" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:3.254ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {H2+}}}">）是宇宙中罕見的分子。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="自然形成與實驗製備">自然形成與實驗製備</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A2&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：自然形成與實驗製備">编辑</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E6%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="氢气">氢气</a></div> 在實驗室中，不少化學反應都會釋放氫氣，如活泼金属和酸的反应。工業生產出的氫可以用來<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E5%8C%96" title="氢化">氫化</a>各種<a href="/wiki/%E9%A5%B1%E5%92%8C_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="饱和 (化学)">不飽和</a>物質。在自然界中，生物體的還原反應也會釋放出氫氣。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="蒸汽重整">蒸汽重整</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A2&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：蒸汽重整">编辑</a>]</div> 工业上，氢气可由蒸汽转化得到，但在转化之前，需要先经过脱硫步骤：<a href="#cite_note-76">[74]</a> <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {CH4 + H2O <=> CO + 3H2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL"> <mover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP MJX-fixedlimits"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mpadded height="0" depth="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">↽</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </mpadded> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">⇀</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> </mover> </mrow> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {CH4 + H2O <=> CO + 3H2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2ac17ab0cabd3e9330c3d5bae6c52da081be2f5b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:27.243ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {CH4 + H2O <=> CO + 3H2}}}"></dd> <dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {CO + H2O <=> CO2 + H2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL"> <mover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP MJX-fixedlimits"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mpadded height="0" depth="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">↽</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </mpadded> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">⇀</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> </mover> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {CO + H2O <=> CO2 + H2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1598ff52c18dae1a12db560c777e190441f18f66" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:25.758ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {CO + H2O <=> CO2 + H2}}}"></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="熱化學反應">熱化學反應</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A2&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：熱化學反應">编辑</a>]</div> 能分離水的熱化學循環過程共有200多種，其中可以從水和熱量直接產生氫氣和氧氣的過程包括：氧化鐵循環、氧化鈰(IV)-氧化鈰(III)循環、鋅-氧化鋅循環、硫碘循環、銅氯循環、混合硫循環等等，都有待進一步研究。<a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a>多個國家都有實驗室著力研究可以從太陽能和水生成氫氣的熱化學方法。<a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="無氧腐蝕作用">無氧腐蝕作用</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A2&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：無氧腐蝕作用">编辑</a>]</div> 在無氧條件下，<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="鐵">鐵</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E9%8B%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="合成鋼">合成鋼</a>會被水分子中的質子緩慢氧化，而水則會還原成分子氫。在鐵的無氧腐蝕過程中，首先形成的是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%9A%E9%93%81" title="氢氧化亚铁">氫氧化亞鐵</a>（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Fe(OH)2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>Fe</mtext> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>OH</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Fe(OH)2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2376f18ce847e737ddf0f0a56bf67a4602396f7a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:8.965ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Fe(OH)2}}}">，又稱綠銹）： <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Fe + 2H2O -> Fe(OH)2 + H2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>Fe</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mtext>Fe</mtext> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>OH</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Fe + 2H2O -> Fe(OH)2 + H2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5299fd6d1544bea9c0728a459e94baeb0241fb74" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:31.244ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Fe + 2H2O -> Fe(OH)2 + H2}}}"></dd></dl> 水分子中的質子再對氫氧化亞鐵進行無氧性氧化反應，產生<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E9%90%B5%E7%A4%A6" title="磁鐵礦">磁鐵礦</a>（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Fe3O4}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>Fe</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Fe3O4}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/27fcd4faeeba34ba9e98de22b4c93107e7c66ea7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:6.467ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Fe3O4}}}">）和分子氫，是為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E7%A7%91%E7%88%BE%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西科爾反應（页面不存在）">西科爾反應</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schikorr_reaction" class="extiw" title="en:Schikorr reaction">Schikorr reaction</a>）： <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {3Fe(OH)2 -> Fe3O4 + 2H2O + H2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>Fe</mtext> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>OH</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>Fe</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {3Fe(OH)2 -> Fe3O4 + 2H2O + H2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/186518f484f999ca9f00a4de4a843b254061cded" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:36.71ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {3Fe(OH)2 -> Fe3O4 + 2H2O + H2}}}"></dd></dl> 磁鐵礦晶體的熱力學穩定性比氫氧化亞鐵高。 在缺氧<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E6%B0%B4" title="地下水">地下水</a>和位於地下水台以下具還原性的土壤中，鐵和鋼就是經過這一反應受無氧侵蝕的。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="蛇紋石化反應">蛇紋石化反應</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A2&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：蛇紋石化反應">编辑</a>]</div> 在地底深處缺乏大氣氧氣的環境下，<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81%E6%A9%84%E6%A6%84%E7%9F%B3" title="铁橄榄石">鐵橄欖石</a>晶格中的矽酸鐵會受到水分子中的質子的無氧性氧化，產生氫氣，這叫<a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%87%E7%B4%8B%E7%9F%B3" title="蛇紋石">蛇紋石化作用</a>。除了氫氣以外，反應還會產生磁鐵礦（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Fe3O4}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>Fe</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Fe3O4}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/27fcd4faeeba34ba9e98de22b4c93107e7c66ea7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:6.467ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Fe3O4}}}">）和<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E8%8B%B1" title="石英">石英</a>（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {SiO2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>SiO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {SiO2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3327aacf25f8b223287c0ed07fa33e69effd008a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:4.802ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {SiO2}}}">）： <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {3Fe2SiO4 + 2H2O -> 2Fe3O4 + 3SiO2 +2H2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>Fe</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>SiO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>Fe</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>SiO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {3Fe2SiO4 + 2H2O -> 2Fe3O4 + 3SiO2 +2H2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/20e83863b4f9e79b0f49a99d4d98dce5345594d7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:48.442ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {3Fe2SiO4 + 2H2O -> 2Fe3O4 + 3SiO2 +2H2}}}"></dd></dl> 以上反應和氫氧化二鐵的無氧腐蝕過程（西科爾反應）十分相似。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="變壓器">變壓器</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A2&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：變壓器">编辑</a>]</div> 在<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E5%A3%93%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="變壓器">變壓器</a>會產生的各種故障氣體中，氫氣是最常見的一種，在大部份故障情況下都會形成。所以，探測到氫氣，意味著變壓器可能出現了嚴重的問題。<a href="#cite_note-79">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="應用">應用</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A2&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：應用">编辑</a>]</div> 氢气可用于石化或矿物加工，如加氢脱烷基反应、加氢脱硫反应和裂化反应等。它也可以用作工业辅助物质及能量载体。氢作为能量载体目前已经有了初期应用，如<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E6%B1%BD%E8%BD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="氢动力汽车">氢動力汽车</a>、核聚变发电技术等。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生物過程">生物過程</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A2&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：生物過程">编辑</a>]</div> 某些類型的<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E9%85%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="發酵">無氧代謝</a>反應會產生氫氣。會釋出氫氣的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="微生物">微生物</a>一般以含鐵或含鎳的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E5%8C%96%E9%85%B6" title="氢化酶">氫化酶</a>作為催化劑，進行以下的可逆<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%98%E5%8E%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="氧化还原">氧化還原</a>反應： <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {H2 <=> 2H+ +2e-}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL"> <mover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP MJX-fixedlimits"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mpadded height="0" depth="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">↽</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </mpadded> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">⇀</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> </mover> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mtext>e</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {H2 <=> 2H+ +2e-}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8d6ff8a6957538bc969d75c2d310507584119833" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:19.182ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {H2 <=> 2H+ +2e-}}}"></dd></dl> 在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E9%85%AE%E9%85%B8" title="丙酮酸">丙酮酸</a>鹽發酵成水的過程中，還原當量（任何在氧化還原反應中可轉移單個電子的化學物）轉移時會產生氫氣。<a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a>生物體內氫的自然產生和消耗稱為<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0" title="氫循環">氫循環</a>。<a href="#cite_note-Rhee6-81">[79]</a> 所有<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="光合作用">光和生物</a>所進行的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" class="mw-redirect" title="光反应">光反應</a>都會把水分解成質子、電子和氧氣。在某些生物中，如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E8%A1%A3%E8%97%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萊茵衣藻（页面不存在）">萊茵衣藻</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydomonas_reinhardtii" class="extiw" title="en:Chlamydomonas reinhardtii">Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</a>）和<a href="/wiki/%E8%93%9D%E7%BB%BF%E8%97%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="蓝绿藻">藍綠藻</a>等，演化出了「暗反應」的第二階段：質子和電子通過<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%89%E7%B6%A0%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="葉綠體">葉綠體</a>的特殊氫化酶還原成氫氣。<a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a>一些科學家正在研究用基因改造方法，使水藻和藍綠藻的氫化酶在有氧環境下也能高效合成氫氣。<a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="安全">安全</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A2&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：安全">编辑</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A2%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氢安全（页面不存在）">氢安全</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_safety" class="extiw" title="en:Hydrogen safety">Hydrogen safety</a>）</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84001320">.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox{border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td,.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox th{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td+td{width:60%}</style> <table class="infobox ib-chembox nounderlines" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" rules="all" style="background-color:#f0f0f0; float:right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-color: #aaaaaa; border-style:solid; border:1px; border-collapse:collapse; empty-cells:show; width:305px; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:120%; text-align:center; background:#d6e0dc;">氢 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/File:Hydrogenglow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Hydrogenglow.jpg/200px-Hydrogenglow.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Hydrogenglow.jpg/300px-Hydrogenglow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Hydrogenglow.jpg/400px-Hydrogenglow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="1108" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#D6E0DC; text-align:center;" colspan="2">危险性 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%93%81%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E5%92%8C%E6%A0%87%E7%AD%BE%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="全球化学品统一分类和标签制度">GHS危险性符号</a> <a href="/wiki/File:GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="《全球化学品统一分类和标签制度》（简称“GHS”）中易燃物的标签图案"><img alt="《全球化学品统一分类和标签制度》（简称“GHS”）中易燃物的标签图案" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg/50px-GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg/75px-GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg/100px-GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%93%81%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E5%92%8C%E6%A0%87%E7%AD%BE%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="全球化学品统一分类和标签制度">GHS提示词</a> </td> <td>Danger </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/GHS%E5%8D%B1%E9%99%A9%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E" title="GHS危险说明">H-术语</a> </td> <td>H220 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/GHS%E9%98%B2%E8%8C%83%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E" title="GHS防范说明">P-术语</a> </td> <td>P202, P210, P271, P403, P377, P381<a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/NFPA_704" title="NFPA 704">NFPA 704</a> </td> <td> <div style="position: relative; height: 85px; width: 75px;"> <div style="position: absolute; height: 75px; width: 75px;"><a href="/wiki/File:NFPA_704.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/75px-NFPA_704.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/113px-NFPA_704.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/150px-NFPA_704.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div> <div title="可燃性" style="background: transparent; width: 75px; height: 2em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; position: absolute; top: 3px; font-size: large;">4</div> <div title="健康" style="background: transparent; width: 37.5px; height: 2em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; position: absolute; top: 21px; font-size: large;">0</div> <div title="反應性" style="background: transparent; width: 37.5px; height: 2em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; position: absolute; top: 21px; left: 37.5px; font-size: large;">0</div> <div title="其它危險" style="background: transparent; width: 75px; height: 2em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; position: absolute; top: 44px; font-size: small;"> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#D6E0DC; text-align:center;" colspan="2">若非注明，所有数据均出自<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81" title="标准状态">标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）</a>下。 </td></tr></tbody></table> 氫在不同情況下都會對人體造成危險。與空氣混合時，氫氣會輕易燃燒和爆炸，而純氫氣則會使人窒息。<a href="#cite_note-NASAH2-86">[84]</a>液氫的溫度極低，所以和其他低溫液體一樣有一定的危險性，比如會引致<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%8D%E5%82%B7" title="凍傷">凍傷</a>。<a href="#cite_note-87">[85]</a>氫氣可以溶解在多種金屬之中，除了可能的洩漏以外，氫氣還會造成金屬的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB%E8%84%86" class="mw-redirect" title="氫脆">氫脆</a>現象，<a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a>引致材料爆裂。<a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a>洩漏到空氣中的氫氣無色無味，且可以自燃，產生高溫但几乎不可见的火焰，因此有意外灼傷的可能性。<a href="#cite_note-Cunn88-90">[88]</a> 氫的許多性質都受到了其自旋異構體（正氫和仲氫）比例的影響。不少數據所描述的是處於平衡態的氫氣，但氫氣有時需要幾天乃至幾週的時間才會達致平衡，所以它的安全數據可能和現實中的氫氣有所差別。另外，容器的形狀，也會大大影響氫氣的爆炸臨界溫度和壓力。<a href="#cite_note-NASAH2-86">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="註釋">註釋</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A2&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：註釋">编辑</a>]</div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99" title="宇宙">宇宙</a>中絕大部份的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E9%87%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="質量">質量</a>並不是由<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%AD%90" title="重子">重子</a>或化學元素組成。參見：<a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%97%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="暗物質">暗物質</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%97%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F" title="暗能量">暗能量</a>。 </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> 286 kJ/mol：每<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94_(%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D)" title="摩尔 (单位)">摩爾</a>可燃燒物質（氫分子）所產生的能量 </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見">參見</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A2&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：參見">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%90" title="質子">質子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%B0%AB" title="反氫">反氫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="氫的同位素">氫的同位素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC1%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第1周期元素">第1週期元素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B6%E8%99%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="零號元素">零號元素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦">氦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%95" class="mw-redirect" title="氕">氕</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%98" title="氘">氘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9A" title="氚">氚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E6%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="氢气">氢气</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献">参考文献</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A2&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节：参考文献">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CIAAW2021-1"><a href="#cite_ref-CIAAW2021_1-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/pac-2019-0603/html">Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)</a>. Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2022-05-04. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1365-3075">ISSN 1365-3075</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fpac-2019-0603">doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603</a> （英语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A2&rft.atitle=Standard+atomic+weights+of+the+elements+2021+%28IUPAC+Technical+Report%29&rft.au=B%C3%B6hlke%2C+John+K.&rft.au=Benefield%2C+Jacqueline&rft.au=Chesson%2C+Lesley+A.&rft.au=Coplen%2C+Tyler+B.&rft.au=Ding%2C+Tiping&rft.au=Dunn%2C+Philip+J.+H.&rft.au=Gr%C3%B6ning%2C+Manfred&rft.au=Holden%2C+Norman+E.&rft.au=Irrgeher%2C+Johanna&rft.au=Meijer%2C+Harro+A.+J.&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.aulast=Prohaska&rft.date=2022-05-04&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1365-3075&rft.jtitle=Pure+and+Applied+Chemistry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.1515%2Fpac-2019-0603%2Fhtml&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fpac-2019-0603&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Nostrand-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nostrand_2-0">2.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nostrand_2-1">2.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nostrand_2-2">2.2</a> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Hydrogen. Van Nostrand's Encyclopedia of Chemistry. Wylie-Interscience: 797–799. 2005. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-471-61525-0" title="Special:网络书源/0-471-61525-0">ISBN 0-471-61525-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A2&rft.atitle=Hydrogen&rft.btitle=Van+Nostrand%27s+Encyclopedia+of+Chemistry&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=0-471-61525-0&rft.pages=797-799&rft.pub=Wylie-Interscience&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-nbb-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nbb_3-0">3.00</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbb_3-1">3.01</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbb_3-2">3.02</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbb_3-3">3.03</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbb_3-4">3.04</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbb_3-5">3.05</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbb_3-6">3.06</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbb_3-7">3.07</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbb_3-8">3.08</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbb_3-9">3.09</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbb_3-10">3.10</a> <cite class="citation book">Emsley, John. Nature's Building Blocks. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2001: 183–191. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-19-850341-5" title="Special:网络书源/0-19-850341-5">ISBN 0-19-850341-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A2&rft.aufirst=John&rft.aulast=Emsley&rft.btitle=Nature%27s+Building+Blocks&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-19-850341-5&rft.pages=183-191&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Miśkowiec, Paweł. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10698-022-09448-5">Name game: The naming history of the chemical elements—part 1—from antiquity till the end of 18th century</a>. Foundations of Chemistry. 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[2010-01-29]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.twi.co.uk/content/oilgas_casedown29.html">原始内容</a>存档于2008-11-20）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A2&rft.aufirst=B.&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.btitle=Union+Oil+Amine+Absorber+Tower&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=TWI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.twi.co.uk%2Fcontent%2Foilgas_casedown29.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Cunn88-90"><a href="#cite_ref-Cunn88_90-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Walker, James L.; Waltrip, John S.; Zanker, Adam. John J. McKetta; William Aaron Cunningham , 编. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.au/books?id=8erDL_DnsgAC&pg=PA186">Lactic acid to magnesium supply-demand relationships</a>. Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing and Design 28 (New York: Dekker). 1988: 186 [2015-05-20]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/082472478X" title="Special:网络书源/082472478X">ISBN 082472478X</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150522125721/https://books.google.com.au/books?id=8erDL_DnsgAC&pg=PA186">存档</a>于2015-05-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A2&rft.au=Waltrip%2C+John+S.&rft.au=Zanker%2C+Adam&rft.aufirst=James+L.&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.btitle=Lactic+acid+to+magnesium+supply-demand+relationships&rft.date=1988&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=082472478X&rft.pages=186&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dekker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.au%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8erDL_DnsgAC%26pg%3DPA186&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸閱讀">延伸閱讀</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A2&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节：延伸閱讀">编辑</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84913072">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks infobox" style="width:auto"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">關於Hydrogen 的<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:LIBRARY" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:LIBRARY">圖書館資源</a> <hr /></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/ftl/cgi-bin/ftl?st=&su=Hydrogen&library=OLBP">網上圖書</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/ftl/cgi-bin/ftl?st=&su=Hydrogen">您的圖書館的資源</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/ftl/cgi-bin/ftl?st=&su=Hydrogen&library=0CHOOSE0">其他圖書館的資源</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nuclidechart.com/">Chart of the Nuclides</a> 17th. Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory. 2010 [2016-01-08]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-9843653-0-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-9843653-0-2">ISBN 978-0-9843653-0-2</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160110175856/http://nuclidechart.com/">存档</a>于2016-01-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A2&rft.btitle=Chart+of+the+Nuclides&rft.date=2010&rft.edition=17th&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-9843653-0-2&rft.pub=Knolls+Atomic+Power+Laboratory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nuclidechart.com%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Ferreira-Aparicio, P; Benito, M. J.; Sanz, J. L. New Trends in Reforming Technologies: from Hydrogen Industrial Plants to Multifuel Microreformers. Catalysis Reviews. 2005, 47 (4): 491–588. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01614940500364958">doi:10.1080/01614940500364958</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A2&rft.atitle=New+Trends+in+Reforming+Technologies%3A+from+Hydrogen+Industrial+Plants+to+Multifuel+Microreformers&rft.au=Benito%2C+M.+J.&rft.au=Sanz%2C+J.+L.&rft.aufirst=P&rft.aulast=Ferreira-Aparicio&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Catalysis+Reviews&rft.pages=491-588&rft.volume=47&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01614940500364958&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Newton, David E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chemicalelements00newt">The Chemical Elements</a>. New York: Franklin Watts. 1994. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-531-12501-7" title="Special:网络书源/0-531-12501-7">ISBN 0-531-12501-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A2&rft.aufirst=David+E.&rft.aulast=Newton&rft.btitle=The+Chemical+Elements&rft.date=1994&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-531-12501-7&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Franklin+Watts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchemicalelements00newt&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Rigden, John S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chemicalelements00newt">Hydrogen: The Essential Element</a>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 2002. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-531-12501-7" title="Special:网络书源/0-531-12501-7">ISBN 0-531-12501-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A2&rft.aufirst=John+S.&rft.aulast=Rigden&rft.btitle=Hydrogen%3A+The+Essential+Element&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-531-12501-7&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchemicalelements00newt&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Romm, Joseph, J. The Hype about Hydrogen, Fact and Fiction in the Race to Save the Climate. Island Press. 2004. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/1-55963-703-X" title="Special:网络书源/1-55963-703-X">ISBN 1-55963-703-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A2&rft.au=Romm%2C+Joseph%2C+J.&rft.btitle=The+Hype+about+Hydrogen%2C+Fact+and+Fiction+in+the+Race+to+Save+the+Climate&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1-55963-703-X&rft.pub=Island+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Scerri, Eric. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/periodictableits0000scer">The Periodic System, Its Story and Its Significance</a>. New York: Oxford University Press. 2007. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-19-530573-6" title="Special:网络书源/0-19-530573-6">ISBN 0-19-530573-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A2&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.aulast=Scerri&rft.btitle=The+Periodic+System%2C+Its+Story+and+Its+Significance&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-19-530573-6&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fperiodictableits0000scer&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結">外部連結</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A2&action=edit&section=28" title="编辑章节：外部連結">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li>元素氢在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://periodic.lanl.gov/1.shtml">洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室</a>的介紹（英文）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/periodic/H.html">EnvironmentalChemistry.com —— 氢</a>（英文）</li> <li>元素<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.periodicvideos.com/videos/001.htm">氢</a>在The Periodic Table of Videos（諾丁漢大學）的介紹（英文）</li> <li>元素氢在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elements.vanderkrogt.net/element.php?sym=H">Peter van der Krogt elements site</a>的介紹（英文）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/H/index.html">WebElements.com – 氢</a>（英文）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060612225336/http://www.physics.drexel.edu/~tim/open/hydrofin/">Basic Hydrogen Calculations of Quantum Mechanics</a>（量子力學有關氫原子的基礎計算）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.periodicvideos.com/videos/001.htm">Hydrogen</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160110140424/http://www.periodicvideos.com/videos/001.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） at The Periodic Table of Videos（諾丁漢大學）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://militzer.berkeley.edu/diss/node5.html">High temperature hydrogen phase diagram</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160304070245/http://militzer.berkeley.edu/diss/node5.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）（高溫氫相圖）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/Hbase/quantum/hydwf.html#c3">Wavefunction of hydrogen</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20140201162948/http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/Hbase/quantum/hydwf.html#c3">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）（氫原子的波函數）</li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="以雙原子分子形式存在的元素單質" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%9B%99%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="Template:雙原子分子"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E9%9B%99%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="Template talk:雙原子分子"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E9%9B%99%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:雙原子分子"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="以雙原子分子形式存在的元素單質" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">以<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="双原子分子">雙原子分子</a>形式存在的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="化学元素">元素</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="單質">單質</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">常見</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB%E6%B0%A3" title="氫氣">氫氣</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">H2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE%E6%B0%A3" title="氮氣">氮氣</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮">N2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94" title="氧气">氧气</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">O2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F%E6%B0%94" title="氟气">氟气</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F" title="氟">F2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E6%B0%94" title="氯气">氯气</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF" title="氯">Cl2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%BA%B4" title="双原子溴">溴氣</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B4" title="溴">Br2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E7%A2%98" title="双原子碘">碘氣</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%98" title="碘">I2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">罕见</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6%E4%BA%8C%E8%81%9A%E4%BD%93" title="氦二聚体">氦二聚体</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦">He2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E9%8B%B0" title="二鋰">二鋰</a> <a href="/wiki/%E9%94%82" title="锂">Li2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E7%A2%B3" title="双原子碳">双原子碳</a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳">C2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%96%E4%BA%8C%E8%81%9A%E4%BD%93" title="氖二聚体">氖二聚体</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%96" title="氖">Ne2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8C%E9%88%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="二鈉（页面不存在）">二鈉</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disodium" class="extiw" title="fr:Disodium">Disodium</a>） <a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A0" title="钠">Na2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E7%A3%B7" title="二磷">二磷</a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7" title="磷">P2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E7%A1%AB" title="二硫">二硫</a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫">S2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A9%E4%BA%8C%E8%81%9A%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氩二聚体（页面不存在）">氩二聚体</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dim%C3%A8re_d%27argon" class="extiw" title="fr:Dimère d'argon">Dimère d'argon</a>） <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A9" title="氩">Ar2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E9%87%8D%E9%94%AE" title="六重键">铬</a> <a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AC" title="铬">Cr2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8C%E9%93%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="二铷（页面不存在）">二铷</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/dirubidium" class="extiw" title="en:dirubidium">dirubidium</a>） <a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B7" title="铷">Rb2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%BC%E4%BA%8C%E8%81%9A%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="钼二聚体（页面不存在）">钼二聚体</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimolybd%C3%A8ne" class="extiw" title="fr:Dimolybdène">Dimolybdène</a>） <a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BC" title="钼">Mo2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E9%87%8D%E9%94%AE" title="六重键">钨</a> <a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A8" title="钨">W2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E9%87%8D%E9%94%AE" title="六重键">铀</a> <a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE" title="鈾">U2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">奇異</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%81%B6%E7%B4%A0" title="雙電子偶素">雙電子偶素</a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%81%B6%E7%B4%A0" title="电子偶素">Ps2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="氢化合物" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B0%A2%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="Template:氢化合物"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%B0%A2%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="Template talk:氢化合物"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%B0%A2%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:氢化合物"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="氢化合物" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">氢</a>化合物</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E6%9C%BA%E9%85%B8" title="无机酸">HxAOy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A7%E9%85%B8" title="羧酸">RCOOH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%BA%E9%85%B8" title="磺酸">RSO3H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="氢化物">MHx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%89%E5%85%83%E6%B0%A2%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="Template:三元氢化物">MxM'yHz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="氢氧化物">M(OH)x</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%83" title="烃">CxHy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E7%A1%BC%E7%83%B7" title="乙硼烷">B2H6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%B0%E5%9F%BA%E7%94%B2%E7%A1%BC%E7%83%B7" title="羰基甲硼烷">BH3CO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A8%E7%A1%BC%E7%83%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="氨硼烷">BH3NH3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%94%E4%B8%81%E8%83%BA%E7%94%B2%E7%A1%BC%E7%83%B7" title="叔丁胺甲硼烷">BH3NH2C4H9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%A2%E5%91%8B%E5%96%83%E7%A1%BC%E7%83%B7" title="四氢呋喃硼烷">BH3OC4H8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%91%E9%82%A3%E9%86%87%E7%A1%BC%E7%83%B7" title="频那醇硼烷">BH(O2C2(CH3)4)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E7%A1%AB%E9%86%9A%E7%A1%BC%E7%83%B7" title="甲硫醚硼烷">BH3S(CH3)2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A8" title="氨">NH3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B5%E7%9B%90" class="mw-redirect" title="铵盐">NH4+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E6%B0%A8" title="聯氨">N2H4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%F0%B0%BD%9F%E7%9B%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="𰽟盐（页面不存在）">N2H5+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BA" title="胺">NR3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%A2" title="磷化氢">PH3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E8%86%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="联膦">P2H4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%86%A6" title="膦">PR3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B7%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%AB" title="砷化氫">AsH3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%97%E7%83%B7%E5%9F%BA%E8%83%82" title="锗烷基胂">AsH3GeH3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%97%E7%83%B7" title="锗烷">GeH4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83953186"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="元素周期表" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="Template:元素週期表"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="Template talk:元素週期表"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:元素週期表"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="元素周期表" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素周期表">元素周期表</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table class="wraplinks" style="width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td>  </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83953186"> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="碱金属">IA 1</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B1%E5%9C%9F%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="碱土金属">IIA 2</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/3%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="3族元素">IIIB 3</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/4%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="4族元素">IVB 4</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/5%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="5族元素">VB 5</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/6%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="6族元素">VIB 6</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/7%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="7族元素">VIIB 7</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/8%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="8族元素">VIIIB 8</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/9%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="9族元素">VIIIB 9</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/10%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="10族元素">VIIIB 10</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/11%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="11族元素">IB 11</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/12%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="12族元素">IIB 12</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="硼族元素">IIIA 13</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="碳族元素">IVA 14</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="氮族元素">VA 15</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="氧族元素">VIA 16</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A4%E7%B4%A0" title="卤素">VIIA 17</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%80%E6%9C%89%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%93" title="稀有气体">VIIIA 18</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC1%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第1周期元素">1</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">H</a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC2%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第2周期元素">2</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%82" title="锂">Li</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8D" title="铍">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC" title="硼">B</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳">C</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮">N</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">O</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F" title="氟">F</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%96" title="氖">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC3%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第3周期元素">3</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A0" title="钠">Na</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%81" title="镁">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9D" title="铝">Al</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%85" title="硅">Si</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7" title="磷">P</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫">S</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF" title="氯">Cl</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A9" title="氩">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC4%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第4周期元素">4</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BE" title="钾">K</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%99" title="钙">Ca</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AA" title="钪">Sc</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9B" title="钛">Ti</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%92" title="钒">V</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AC" title="铬">Cr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B0" title="锰">Mn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81" title="铁">Fe</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B4" title="钴">Co</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8D" title="镍">Ni</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9C" title="铜">Cu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8C" title="锌">Zn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%93" title="镓">Ga</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%97" title="锗">Ge</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B7" title="砷">As</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%92" title="硒">Se</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B4" title="溴">Br</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AA" title="氪">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC5%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第5周期元素">5</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B7" title="铷">Rb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B6" title="锶">Sr</a> </td> <td style="border:none; width:0;padding:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%87" title="钇">Y</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%86" title="锆">Zr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8C" title="铌">Nb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BC" title="钼">Mo</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%9D" title="锝">Tc</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8C" title="钌">Ru</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%91" title="铑">Rh</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AF" title="钯">Pd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80" title="銀">Ag</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%89" title="镉">Cd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9F" title="铟">In</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1" title="锡">Sn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%91" title="锑">Sb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B2" title="碲">Te</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%98" title="碘">I</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%99" title="氙">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC6%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第6周期元素">6</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AF" title="铯">Cs</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A1" title="钡">Ba</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A7" title="镧">La</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%88" title="铈">Ce</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A8" title="镨">Pr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%95" title="钕">Nd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B7" title="钷">Pm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%90" title="钐">Sm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%95" title="铕">Eu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%86" title="钆">Gd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BD" title="铽">Tb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%9D" title="镝">Dy</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AC" title="钬">Ho</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%92" title="铒">Er</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%A5" title="铥">Tm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B1" title="镱">Yb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A5" title="镥">Lu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AA" title="铪">Hf</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BD" title="钽">Ta</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A8" title="钨">W</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BC" title="铼">Re</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%87" title="锇">Os</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B1" title="铱">Ir</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%82" title="铂">Pt</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="金">Au</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9E" title="汞">Hg</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8A" title="铊">Tl</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%85" title="铅">Pb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8B" title="铋">Bi</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8B" title="钋">Po</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B9" title="砹">At</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A1" title="氡">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC7%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第7周期元素">7</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AB" title="钫">Fr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%AD" title="镭">Ra</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%95" title="锕">Ac</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8D" title="钍">Th</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A4" title="镤">Pa</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE" title="鈾">U</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8E" title="镎">Np</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9A" title="钚">Pu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%85" title="镅">Am</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%94" title="锔">Cm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%AB" title="锫">Bk</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8E" title="锎">Cf</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%BF" title="锿">Es</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%84" title="镄">Fm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%94" title="钔">Md</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%98" title="锘">No</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%92" title="鐒">Lr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%91%AA" title="鑪">Rf</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A7%80" title="𨧀">Db</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%8E" title="𨭎">Sg</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A8%8F" title="𨨏">Bh</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%86" title="𨭆">Hs</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%A5%91" title="䥑">Mt</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%BD" title="鐽">Ds</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%80" title="錀">Rg</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%B6" title="鎶">Cn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%A8" title="鉨">Nh</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%87" title="鈇">Fl</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%86" title="镆">Mc</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9D" title="鉝">Lv</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AC" title="鿬">Ts</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AB" title="鿫">Og</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> 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