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class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>October–December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Date unknown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Births</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Births-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1669</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox 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Available in 155 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-155" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">155 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1669 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1669 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669_%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="1669 թուական – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="1669 թուական" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B6%DB%B6%DB%B9_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۶۶۹ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۶۶۹ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AC%E0%A7%AC%E0%A7%AF" title="১৬৬৯ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৬৬৯" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669_n%C3%AE" title="1669 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1669 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669." title="1669. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1669." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669_%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="1669 ие – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1669 ие" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B6%DB%B6%DB%B9_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۶۶۹ (میلادی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۶۶۹ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669%E5%B9%B4" title="1669年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1669年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669%EB%85%84" title="1669년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1669년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AF" title="१६६९ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१६६९" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669." title="1669. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1669." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AC%E0%A7%AC%E0%A7%AF" title="মারি ১৬৬৯ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১৬৬৯" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1669-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1669-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1669 джыл – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="1669 джыл" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1669 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1669 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669_(almanak_gregoryen)" title="1669 (almanak gregoryen) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1669 (almanak gregoryen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669_%D0%B8" title="1669 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1669 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669._gads" title="1669. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1669. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669_m." title="1669 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1669 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AF" title="१६६९ – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१६६९" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AF" title="इ.स. १६६९ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १६६९" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B6%DB%B6%DB%B9" title="۱۶۶۹ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۶۶۹" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1669 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1669 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%86%E1%81%86%E1%81%89" title="၁၆၆၉ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၆၆၉" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AF" title="सन् १६६९ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सन् १६६९" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669%E5%B9%B4" title="1669年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1669年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669_%D1%88%D0%BE" title="1669 шо – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="1669 шо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AC%E0%AD%AC%E0%AD%AF" title="୧୬୬୯ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୬୬୯" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AF" title="१६६९ – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१६६९" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1669 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1669 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AF" title="१६६९ – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="१६६९" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669%D8%B9" title="1669ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1669ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A6%D9%A6%D9%A9" title="١٦٦٩ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٦٦٩" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1669 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1669 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2212" title="พ.ศ. 2212 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 2212" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1669" title="Соли 1669 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1669" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669%D8%A1" title="1669ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1669ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669%E5%B9%B4" title="1669年 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1669年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669%E5%B9%B4" title="1669年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1669年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669" title="1669 – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1669" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1669%E5%B9%B4" title="1669年 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1669年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7602#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1669" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:1669" rel="discussion" title="Discuss 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=AD_1669&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1669">AD 1669</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <table class="infobox" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Millennium</a>: </th> <td><a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Centuries</a>: </th> <td><style 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li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/16th_century" title="16th century">16th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/17th_century" title="17th century">17th century</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_century" title="18th century">18th century</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Decades</a>: </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1640s" title="1640s">1640s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1650s" title="1650s">1650s</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1660s" title="1660s">1660s</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1670s" title="1670s">1670s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1680s" title="1680s">1680s</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a>: </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1666" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1666">1666</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1667" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1667">1667</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1668" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1668">1668</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/AD_1669" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1669">1669</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1670" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1670">1670</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1671" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1671">1671</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1672" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1672">1672</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rembrandt,_Self_Portrait_at_the_Age_of_63.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Rembrandt%2C_Self_Portrait_at_the_Age_of_63.jpg/250px-Rembrandt%2C_Self_Portrait_at_the_Age_of_63.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Rembrandt%2C_Self_Portrait_at_the_Age_of_63.jpg/375px-Rembrandt%2C_Self_Portrait_at_the_Age_of_63.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Rembrandt%2C_Self_Portrait_at_the_Age_of_63.jpg/500px-Rembrandt%2C_Self_Portrait_at_the_Age_of_63.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3417" data-file-height="4227" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/October_4" title="October 4">October 4</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rembrandt_van_Rijn" class="mw-redirect" title="Rembrandt van Rijn">Rembrandt van Rijn</a> dies at age 63, shortly after painting his last self-portrait</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Category:1669" title="Category:1669">1669 by topic</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Arts and science</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1660s_in_architecture" title="1660s in architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1669_in_art" title="1669 in art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1669_in_literature" title="1669 in literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1669_in_music" title="1669 in music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1669_in_science" title="1669 in science">Science</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Leaders</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_1669" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 1669">State leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_dependent_territories_in_the_17th_century" title="List of governors of dependent territories in the 17th century">Colonial governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_17th-century_religious_leaders" title="List of 17th-century religious leaders">Religious leaders</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Birth and death categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/Category:1669_births" title="Category:1669 births">Births</a> – <a href="/wiki/Category:1669_deaths" title="Category:1669 deaths">Deaths</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Establishments and disestablishments categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/Category:1669_establishments" title="Category:1669 establishments">Establishments</a> – <a href="/wiki/Category:1669_disestablishments" title="Category:1669 disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Works category</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1669_works" title="Category:1669 works">Works</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:C11%E2%80%9317_year_in_topic" title="Template:C11–17 year in topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C11%E2%80%9317_year_in_topic" title="Template talk:C11–17 year in topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C11%E2%80%9317_year_in_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C11–17 year in topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%"><span class="summary dtstart">1669 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></span></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>1669<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MDCLXIX</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>2422</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>1118<br />ԹՎ ՌՃԺԸ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>6419</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1590–1591</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>1076</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2619</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">English Regnal year</a></td><td>20 <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Cha. 2</a> – 21 <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Cha. 2</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>2213</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>1031</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>7177–7178</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">戊申</a>年 (Earth <a href="/wiki/Monkey_(zodiac)" title="Monkey (zodiac)">Monkey</a>)<br />4366 or 4159<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />己酉年 (Earth <a href="/wiki/Rooster_(zodiac)" title="Rooster (zodiac)">Rooster</a>)<br />4367 or 4160</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>1385–1386</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>2835</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>1661–1662</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>5429–5430</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></i></td><td>1725–1726</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></i></td><td>1590–1591</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i></td><td>4769–4770</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>11669</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>669–670</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>1047–1048</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>1079–1080</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Kanbun_(era)" title="Kanbun (era)">Kanbun</a> 9<br />(寛文９年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1591–1592</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>Gregorian minus 10 days</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>4002</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td>243 before <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">ROC</a><br />民前243年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>201</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>2211–2212</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阳土猴年<br />(male Earth-<a href="/wiki/Monkey_(zodiac)" title="Monkey (zodiac)">Monkey</a>)<br />1795 or 1414 or 642<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />阴土鸡年<br />(female Earth-<a href="/wiki/Rooster_(zodiac)" title="Rooster (zodiac)">Rooster</a>)<br />1796 or 1415 or 643</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Candia_III.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Candia_III.jpg/220px-Candia_III.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Candia_III.jpg/330px-Candia_III.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Candia_III.jpg/440px-Candia_III.jpg 2x" data-file-width="669" data-file-height="395" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/September_27" title="September 27">September 27</a>: After 21 years the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Candia" title="Siege of Candia">siege of Candia</a> ends.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>1669</b> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MDCLXIX</a>) was a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Tuesday" title="Common year starting on Tuesday">common year starting on Tuesday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Friday" title="Common year starting on Friday">common year starting on Friday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>, the 1669th year of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a> (CE) and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a></i></span> (AD) designations, the 669th year of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a>, the 69th year of the <a href="/wiki/17th_century" title="17th century">17th century</a>, and the 10th and last year of the <a href="/wiki/1660s" title="1660s">1660s</a> decade. As of the start of 1669, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. </p><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1669&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–March"><span id="January.E2.80.93March"></span>January–March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1669&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: January–March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2" title="January 2">January 2</a> – Pirate <a href="/wiki/Henry_Morgan" title="Henry Morgan">Henry Morgan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> holds a meeting of his captains on board his ship, the former Royal Navy frigate <i>Oxford</i>, and an explosion in the ship's gunpowder supply kills 200 of his crew and four of the pirate captains who had attended the summit. <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_4" title="January 4">January 4</a> – A 5.7 magnitude earthquake strikes the city of <a href="/wiki/Shamakhi" title="Shamakhi">Shamakhi</a> in Iran (now in Azerbaijan) and kills 7,000 people. Fourteen months earlier, an <a href="/wiki/1667_Shamakhi_earthquake" title="1667 Shamakhi earthquake">earthquake in Shamakhi killed 80,000 people</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_13" title="February 13">February 13</a> – The first performance of the <i>Ballet de Flore</i>, a joint collaboration of <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully">Jean-Baptiste Lully</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isaac_de_Benserade" title="Isaac de Benserade">Isaac de Benserade</a> is given, premiering at the <a href="/wiki/Palais_du_Louvre" class="mw-redirect" title="Palais du Louvre">Palais du Louvre</a> in Paris. King <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a> finances the performance and even appears in a minor role in the production as a dancer. <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_23" title="February 23">February 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a> writes his first description of his new invention, the <a href="/wiki/Reflecting_telescope" title="Reflecting telescope">reflecting telescope</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_11" title="March 11">March 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mount_Etna" title="Mount Etna">Mount Etna</a> <a href="/wiki/1669_Etna_eruption" class="mw-redirect" title="1669 Etna eruption">erupts</a>, destroying the Sicilian town of <a href="/wiki/Nicolosi" title="Nicolosi">Nicolosi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_28" title="March 28">March 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Radu_Leon" title="Radu Leon">Radu Leon</a> is deposed by the Ottoman Sultan as <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Wallachia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Wallachia">Prince</a> of <a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Wallachia</a> (now part of <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> and is replaced by <a href="/wiki/Antonie_Vod%C4%83_din_Pope%C8%99ti" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonie Vodă din Popești">Antonie Vodă din Popești</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April–June"><span id="April.E2.80.93June"></span>April–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1669&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: April–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_9" title="April 9">April 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a>, the Muslim Emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a> in India, issues a <a href="/wiki/Firman" title="Firman">firman</a> decree for the protection of all <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> temples and schools in his kingdom.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1" title="May 1">May 1</a> – the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Armada_de_Barlovento" title="Armada de Barlovento">Armada de Barlovento</a> is defeated by an English Privateer fleet led by Captain <a href="/wiki/Henry_Morgan" title="Henry Morgan">Henry Morgan</a> during <a href="/wiki/Henry_Morgan%27s_raid_on_Lake_Maracaibo" title="Henry Morgan's raid on Lake Maracaibo">his raid on Lake Maracaibo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_19" title="May 19">May 19</a> – The first people executed in Sweden's <a href="/wiki/Mora_witch_trial" title="Mora witch trial">Mora witch trial</a> are put to death, with seven women and one man beheaded after being convicted of "abduction of children to Satan."</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_31" title="May 31">May 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Pepys" title="Samuel Pepys">Samuel Pepys</a> stops writing his diary.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_22" title="June 22">June 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Roux_de_Marsilly" class="mw-redirect" title="Roux de Marsilly">Roux de Marsilly</a>, accused of plotting the assassination of King <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV of France</a>, is publicly tortured in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_25" title="June 25">June 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Vend%C3%B4me,_Duke_of_Beaufort" class="mw-redirect" title="François de Vendôme, Duke of Beaufort">François de Vendôme, Duke of Beaufort</a>, disappears in battle, during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Candia" title="Siege of Candia">siege of Candia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–September"><span id="July.E2.80.93September"></span>July–September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1669&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: July–September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">July 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Trinh_Tac" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinh Tac">Trinh Tac</a>, the warlord who administers the <a href="/wiki/Dai_Viet" class="mw-redirect" title="Dai Viet">Kingdom of Vietnam</a>, issues an order banning all foreign vessels from entering the harbor at <a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a>, requiring to anchor no closer than the river port at <a href="/wiki/H%C6%B0ng_Y%C3%AAn" title="Hưng Yên">Pho Hien</a>, 35 miles (56 km) down the Red River from Hanoi.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">July 16</a> – A rockfall from the <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6nchsberg" title="Mönchsberg">Mönchsberg</a> mountain above <a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a> in Austria kills 230 people as tons of the mountainside fall onto a neighborhood on a street, the <i>Gstättengasse</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_24" title="July 24">July 24</a> – During an attempt by a fleet of French Navy ships to stop the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Candia" title="Siege of Candia">siege of Candia</a> by bombardment of Ottoman positions on the island of <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>, the arsenal of gunpowder on the French <a href="/wiki/Flagship" title="Flagship">flagship</a>, the 56-gun warship <a href="/wiki/French_ship_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_(1665)" title="French ship Thérèse (1665)"><i>Thérèse</i></a>, catches fire and explodes. Out of 350 crew on the <i>Thérèse</i>, only seven survive. Demoralized, the remaining French commanders halt the bombardment and the fleet withdraws.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_25" title="July 25">July 25</a> – Pieter Bickel, a Lutheran pastor and a mountaineer in Austria, becomes the first person to climb to the peak of the tallest of the Southeastern Walsertal Mountains, the 8,310 foot (2,530 m) <a href="/wiki/Gro%C3%9Fer_Widderstein" title="Großer Widderstein">Großer Widderstein</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July" title="July">July</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a>, after 400 years of operation, holds its last official meeting, taking place at the city of <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Lübeck</a>. At its height, the economic alliance of German cities had 180 members; only nine (Lübeck, Hamburg, Bremen, Danzig, Braunschweig, Cologne, Hildesheim, Osnabrück and Rostock) are represented for the final gathering.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The final series of meetings had started on May 29.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_17" title="August 17">August 17</a> – A group of English settlers, led by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_West_(politician)" title="Joseph West (politician)">Joseph West</a>, departs from The Downs on the ship <i>Carolina</i> with instructions to make the first European settlement in the modern-day U.S. state of <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a>. After a long voyage with stops in Ireland and Barbados, the <i>Carolina</i> settlers arrive at Port Royal on March 17 next.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_24" title="August 24">August 24</a> – "The <a href="/wiki/Man_in_the_Iron_Mask" title="Man in the Iron Mask">Man in the Iron Mask</a>", a prisoner identified as "Eustache Dauger", arrives at the French fortress of <a href="/wiki/Pinerolo" title="Pinerolo">Pignerol</a>, with <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9nigne_Dauvergne_de_Saint-Mars" title="Bénigne Dauvergne de Saint-Mars">Bénigne Dauvergne de Saint-Mars</a> in charge of his incarceration. The identity of the prisoner is kept secret with a mask – actually of velvet – over his face, so legends as to his true identity grow.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_25" title="August 25">August 25</a> – The day after the verdicts at the <a href="/wiki/Mora_witch_trial" title="Mora witch trial">Mora witch trial</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, 14 women and one man are publicly beheaded after having confessed to various crimes involving the use of "enchanted tools" on behalf of the Devil. Another 47 are convicted and taken away for a later execution.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_6" title="September 6">September 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Morosini" title="Francesco Morosini">Francesco Morosini</a>, <i>capitano generale</i> of the Venetian forces in the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Candia" title="Siege of Candia">siege of Candia</a>, surrenders to the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottomans</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_23" title="September 23">September 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor</a> grants the status and privileges of a <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">university</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuit</a> <a href="/wiki/Academy" title="Academy">Academy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>, the precursor to the modern <a href="/wiki/University_of_Zagreb" title="University of Zagreb">University of Zagreb</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_29" title="September 29">September 29</a> – The formal coronation of <a href="/wiki/Micha%C5%82_Korybut_Wi%C5%9Bniowiecki" title="Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki">Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki</a> as <a href="/wiki/King_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Poland">King of Poland</a> (and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duke of Lithuania">Grand Duke of Lithuania</a>) takes place in <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October–December"><span id="October.E2.80.93December"></span>October–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1669&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: October–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_4" title="October 4">October 4</a> – Dutch painter <a href="/wiki/Rembrandt" title="Rembrandt">Rembrandt van Rijn</a> dies at the age of 63, after completing his final known work <i><a href="/wiki/Self-Portrait_at_the_Age_of_63" title="Self-Portrait at the Age of 63">Self-Portrait at the Age of 63</a></i>. Despite his wealth, is buried in an unmarked grave in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Westerkerk" title="Westerkerk">Westerkerk</a>. After 20 years, his remains are removed and destroyed in accordance with church custom.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_6" title="October 6">October 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Moliere" class="mw-redirect" title="Moliere">Moliere</a>'s comedy ballet <i><a href="/wiki/Monsieur_de_Pourceaugnac" title="Monsieur de Pourceaugnac">Monsieur de Pourceaugnac</a></i> (with music by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully">Jean-Baptiste Lully</a> and choreography by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Beauchamp" title="Pierre Beauchamp">Pierre Beauchamp</a> is performed for the first time, premiering at the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_of_Chambord" class="mw-redirect" title="Château of Chambord">Château of Chambord</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_9" title="October 9">October 9</a> – The English ship <i>Nonsuch</i> returns to London with the first products acquired from trade around Canada's Hudson Bay, a cargo of fine furs. The bounty from the <i>Nonsuch</i> expedition attracts investors for the soon-to-be-chartered <a href="/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company" title="Hudson's Bay Company">Hudson's Bay Company</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_15" title="October 15">October 15</a> – The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Innsbruck" title="University of Innsbruck">University of Innsbruck</a> is chartered in Austria by <a href="/wiki/Leopold_I_(HRR)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leopold I (HRR)">Leopold I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After being reduced to a lesser function on November 29, 1781, it is rechartered in 1826.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_19" title="October 19">October 19</a> – The <a href="/wiki/List_of_parliaments_of_Scotland" title="List of parliaments of Scotland">Parliament of Scotland</a> holds its first new session in six years (although two Conventions of Estates had been held briefly in 1665 and 1667). The session is opened in <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a> by <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II of England</a> in his capacity as <a href="/wiki/King_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Scotland">King of Scotland</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_29" title="October 29">October 29</a> – Ukrainian Cossack General <a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Khanenko" title="Mykhailo Khanenko">Mykhailo Khanenko</a> is defeated by <a href="/wiki/Petro_Doroshenko" title="Petro Doroshenko">Petro Doroshenko</a> at the Battle of <a href="/wiki/Stebliv" title="Stebliv">Stebliv</a> after attempting to wrest control of <a href="/wiki/Right-bank_Ukraine" title="Right-bank Ukraine">Ukraine's territory on the west side</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Dnieper" title="Dnieper">Dnieper</a> River from Doroshenko.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_28" title="November 28">November 28</a> – In India, the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a> learns of a rebellion of Hindu residents of in various parts of the Mathurá where he had given the order for the destruction of non-Muslim temples, with rioting in Mauza' Rewarah, Chandarkah, and Surkhrú. The Emperor's historian, Saqi Mustaid Khan, records Aurangzeb's dispatch of General Hasan 'Ali Khán to attack the rebels, and 300 of them are "sent to perdition" while the Mughals lose "many imperial soldiers". Another 250 surviving rebels are arrested. Kokilá Ját, leader of the rebels, is among the prisoners put to death a month later. <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_8" title="December 8">December 8</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Bima_Sultanate" title="Bima Sultanate">Sultanate of Bima</a>, located on the now-<a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesian</a> island of <a href="/wiki/Sumbawa" title="Sumbawa">Sumbawa</a> and ruled by Abu'l-Khair Sirajuddin, surrenders its authority to the Dutch East Indies Company, the VOC.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_9" title="December 9">December 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_IX" title="Pope Clement IX">Pope Clement IX</a> dies at the age of 69 after a reign of two and a half years.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_13" title="December 13">December 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Racine" title="Jean Racine">Jean Racine</a>'s five-act tragic play <i><a href="/wiki/Britannicus_(play)" title="Britannicus (play)">Britannicus</a></i> is performed for the first time, premiering at the <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Bourgogne_(theatre)" title="Hôtel de Bourgogne (theatre)">Hôtel de Bourgogne</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>. The play continues to be performed more than 350 years later, including a 2011 version translated by <a href="/wiki/Howard_Rubenstein_(physician)" title="Howard Rubenstein (physician)">Dr. Howard Rubenstein</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_18" title="December 18">December 18</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_C%C3%A1diz_(1669)" title="Battle of Cádiz (1669)">Battle of Cádiz</a> begins off of the coast of the Spanish city as the English warship <a href="/wiki/HMS_Mary_Rose_(1654)" title="HMS Mary Rose (1654)">HMS <i>Mary Rose</i></a> encounters seven pirate ships from <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>. Although none of the ships on either side are sunk, the Algerians are forced to retreat with an unknown number of casualties, and the <i>Mary Rose</i> loses 12 dead and 18 wounded.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_21" title="December 21">December 21</a> – A <a href="/wiki/1669%E2%80%931670_papal_conclave" title="1669–1670 papal conclave">papal conclave</a> that will last for four months begins in Rome to select a successor to Pope Clement IX, who had died 12 days earlier. At the opening, 54 of the 70 members of the <a href="/wiki/College_of_Cardinals" title="College of Cardinals">College of Cardinals</a> are present. At least 21 Cardinals are considered for the papacy before Emilio Altieri is selected on April 29 to become Pope Clement X.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1669&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shakushain%27s_revolt" title="Shakushain's revolt">Shakushain's revolt</a> breaks out in <a href="/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido">Hokkaido</a>, Japan.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> units burn the eastern part of <a href="/wiki/Kol%C3%A1rovo" title="Kolárovo">Kolárovo</a>.</li> <li>The Chinese <a href="/wiki/Kangxi_Emperor" title="Kangxi Emperor">Kangxi Emperor</a> allows coastal residents deported in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Clearance" title="Great Clearance">Great Clearance</a> of <a href="/wiki/1662" title="1662">1662</a> to return home.</li> <li>Famine in <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a> kills 3 million people.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a> is discovered by German alchemist <a href="/wiki/Hennig_Brand" title="Hennig Brand">Hennig Brand</a>, the first chemical element to be discovered that was not known since ancient times.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Stradivari" title="Antonio Stradivari">Antonio Stradivari</a> makes his first violin in Cremona.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okaya_%26_Co." title="Okaya & Co.">Okaya & Co.</a> is founded as Sasaya, a trading company in <a href="/wiki/Nagoya" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</a>, Japan.</li> <li>The Chinese herbal medicine company <a href="/wiki/Tong_Ren_Tang" title="Tong Ren Tang">Tong Ren Tang</a> (同仁堂) is established in Beijing.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaise_Pascal" title="Blaise Pascal">Blaise Pascal</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Pens%C3%A9es" title="Pensées">Pensées</a></i> is posthumously published in Paris.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Swammerdam" title="Jan Swammerdam">Jan Swammerdam</a> publishes his <i>Algemeene Verhandeling van de bloedeloose dierkens</i>, a groundbreaking work in <a href="/wiki/Microscopy" title="Microscopy">microscopy</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Entomology" title="Entomology">entomology</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Orange_College_of_Breda" title="Orange College of Breda">Orange College of Breda</a> is wound up.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Picard" title="Jean Picard">Jean Picard</a> begins measurement of 1 degree of <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Meridian_(geography)" title="Meridian (geography)">meridian</a> arc in France.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1669&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Births"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Susanna_Wesley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Susanna_Wesley.jpg/110px-Susanna_Wesley.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Susanna_Wesley.jpg/165px-Susanna_Wesley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Susanna_Wesley.jpg/220px-Susanna_Wesley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="318" data-file-height="403" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Susanna_Wesley" title="Susanna Wesley">Susanna Wesley</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Regina_Anna_Maria_di_Orl%C3%A9ans_(1669-1728).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Regina_Anna_Maria_di_Orl%C3%A9ans_%281669-1728%29.JPG/110px-Regina_Anna_Maria_di_Orl%C3%A9ans_%281669-1728%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="110" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Regina_Anna_Maria_di_Orl%C3%A9ans_%281669-1728%29.JPG/165px-Regina_Anna_Maria_di_Orl%C3%A9ans_%281669-1728%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Regina_Anna_Maria_di_Orl%C3%A9ans_%281669-1728%29.JPG/220px-Regina_Anna_Maria_di_Orl%C3%A9ans_%281669-1728%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1909" data-file-height="3066" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Anne_Marie_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Anne Marie d'Orléans">Anne Marie d'Orléans</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_20" title="January 20">January 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Susanna_Wesley" title="Susanna Wesley">Susanna Wesley</a>, mother of the John and Charles Wesley, known as mother of Methodism (d. <a href="/wiki/1742" title="1742">1742</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_3" title="April 3">April 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Forqueray" title="Jean-Baptiste Forqueray">Jean-Baptiste Forqueray</a>, French musician (d. <a href="/wiki/1722" title="1722">1722</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_24" title="May 24">May 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emerentia_von_D%C3%BCben" title="Emerentia von Düben">Emerentia von Düben</a>, Swedish royal favorite (d. <a href="/wiki/1743" title="1743">1743</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_26" title="May 26">May 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Vaillant" title="Sébastien Vaillant">Sébastien Vaillant</a>, French botanist (d. <a href="/wiki/1722" title="1722">1722</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_30" title="July 30">July 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eudoxia_Lopukhina" title="Eudoxia Lopukhina">Eudoxia Lopukhina</a>, first wife of <a href="/wiki/Peter_I_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter I of Russia">Peter I of Russia</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1731" title="1731">1731</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_27" title="August 27">August 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anne_Marie_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Anne Marie d'Orléans">Anne Marie d'Orléans</a>, Queen of Sicily and Sardinia (d. <a href="/wiki/1728" title="1728">1728</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_29" title="August 29">August 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Anstis" title="John Anstis">John Anstis</a>, English herald (d. <a href="/wiki/1744" title="1744">1744</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_19" title="October 19">October 19</a> – Count <a href="/wiki/Wirich_Philipp_von_Daun" title="Wirich Philipp von Daun">Wirich Philipp von Daun</a>, Austrian military leader (d. <a href="/wiki/1741" title="1741">1741</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_16" title="December 16">December 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Boonen" title="Arnold Boonen">Arnold Boonen</a>, Dutch portrait painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1729" title="1729">1729</a>)</li> <li><i>date unknown</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alessio_Erardi" title="Alessio Erardi">Alessio Erardi</a>, Maltese painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1727" title="1727">1727</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Tingxi" title="Jiang Tingxi">Jiang Tingxi</a>, Chinese painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1732" title="1732">1732</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/El%C5%BCbieta_Sieniawska" title="Elżbieta Sieniawska">Elżbieta Sieniawska</a>, politically influential Polish magnate (d. <a href="/wiki/1729" title="1729">1729</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><i>probable</i> – <a href="/wiki/Peter_King,_1st_Baron_King" title="Peter King, 1st Baron King">Peter King, 1st Baron King</a>, Lord Chancellor of England (d. <a href="/wiki/1734" title="1734">1734</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1669&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rembrandt_van_Rijn_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Rembrandt_van_Rijn_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/110px-Rembrandt_van_Rijn_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Rembrandt_van_Rijn_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/165px-Rembrandt_van_Rijn_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Rembrandt_van_Rijn_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Rembrandt_van_Rijn_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="12243" data-file-height="15859" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rembrandt" title="Rembrandt">Rembrandt</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_27" title="January 27">January 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gaspar_de_Crayer" title="Gaspar de Crayer">Gaspar de Crayer</a>, Flemish painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1584" title="1584">1584</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_3" title="February 3">February 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Catharina_Questiers" title="Catharina Questiers">Catharina Questiers</a>, Dutch poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1631" title="1631">1631</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_13" title="February 13">February 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Venables_(MP)" title="Peter Venables (MP)">Peter Venables</a>, English politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1604" title="1604">1604</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_23" title="February 23">February 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lieuwe_van_Aitzema" title="Lieuwe van Aitzema">Lieuwe van Aitzema</a>, Dutch historian and statesman (b. <a href="/wiki/1600" title="1600">1600</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_10" title="March 10">March 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Denham_(poet)" title="John Denham (poet)">John Denham</a>, English poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1615" title="1615">1615</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_12" title="March 12">March 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cornelis_Jan_Witsen" title="Cornelis Jan Witsen">Cornelis Jan Witsen</a>, Mayor of Amsterdam (b. <a href="/wiki/1605" title="1605">1605</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_17" title="March 17">March 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Willem_van_der_Zaan" title="Willem van der Zaan">Willem van der Zaan</a>, Dutch admiral (b. <a href="/wiki/1621" title="1621">1621</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23" title="March 23">March 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Buchner" title="Philipp Buchner">Philipp Buchner</a>, German composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1614" title="1614">1614</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_25" title="March 25">March 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_Lionel_Tollemache,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir Lionel Tollemache, 3rd Baronet">Sir Lionel Tollemache, 3rd Baronet</a>, English baronet (b. <a href="/wiki/1624" title="1624">1624</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_4" title="April 4">April 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Michael_Moscherosch" title="Johann Michael Moscherosch">Johann Michael Moscherosch</a>, German statesman, satirist (b. <a href="/wiki/1601" title="1601">1601</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_5" title="April 5">April 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nabeshima_Naozumi" title="Nabeshima Naozumi">Nabeshima Naozumi</a>, Japanese <i><a href="/wiki/Daimy%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Daimyō">daimyō</a></i> (b. <a href="/wiki/1616" title="1616">1616</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_12" title="April 12">April 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abdias_Treu" title="Abdias Treu">Abdias Treu</a>, German mathematician and academic (b. <a href="/wiki/1597" title="1597">1597</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_22" title="April 22">April 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_II,_Duke_of_Saxe-Altenburg" title="Friedrich Wilhelm II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg">Friedrich Wilhelm II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg</a> (1639–1669) (b. <a href="/wiki/1603" title="1603">1603</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_23" title="April 23">April 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Canuti_Lenaeus" title="Johannes Canuti Lenaeus">Johannes Canuti Lenaeus</a>, archbishop of Uppsala, Sweden (b. <a href="/wiki/1573" title="1573">1573</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_27" title="April 27">April 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Treat" title="Richard Treat">Richard Treat</a>, American city founder (b. <a href="/wiki/1584" title="1584">1584</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1" title="May 1">May 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Thornton" title="Isaac Thornton">Isaac Thornton</a>, English politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1615" title="1615">1615</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_14" title="May 14">May 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georges_de_Scud%C3%A9ry" title="Georges de Scudéry">Georges de Scudéry</a>, French writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1601" title="1601">1601</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_16" title="May 16">May 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pietro_da_Cortona" title="Pietro da Cortona">Pietro da Cortona</a>, Italian artist (b. <a href="/wiki/1596" title="1596">1596</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_25" title="June 25">June 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Vend%C3%B4me,_Duke_of_Beaufort" class="mw-redirect" title="François de Vendôme, Duke of Beaufort">François de Vendôme, Duke of Beaufort</a>, French soldier (b. <a href="/wiki/1616" title="1616">1616</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">July 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Howard,_1st_Earl_of_Berkshire" title="Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Berkshire">Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Berkshire</a>, English politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1587" title="1587">1587</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">July 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Josias_II,_Count_of_Waldeck-Wildungen" title="Josias II, Count of Waldeck-Wildungen">Josias II, Count of Waldeck-Wildungen</a>, major general in Brunswick and co-ruler of Waldeck-Wildungen (b. <a href="/wiki/1636" title="1636">1636</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_18" title="August 18">August 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Gawdy" title="William Gawdy">William Gawdy</a>, English politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1612" title="1612">1612</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_28" title="August 28">August 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Drake,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir William Drake, 1st Baronet">Sir William Drake, 1st Baronet</a>, English politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1606" title="1606">1606</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Esteban_Manuel_de_Villegas" title="Esteban Manuel de Villegas">Esteban Manuel de Villegas</a>, Spanish poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1589" title="1589">1589</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_10" title="September 10">September 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Maria_of_France" title="Henrietta Maria of France">Henrietta Maria of France</a>, queen of England, Scotland and Ireland (b. <a href="/wiki/1609" title="1609">1609</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_28" title="September 28">September 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Le_Muet" title="Pierre Le Muet">Pierre Le Muet</a>, French architect (b. <a href="/wiki/1591" title="1591">1591</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_4" title="October 4">October 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rembrandt_Harmenszoon_van_Rijn" class="mw-redirect" title="Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn">Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn</a>, Dutch painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1606" title="1606">1606</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_9" title="October 9">October 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Strode_(died_1669)" title="Richard Strode (died 1669)">Richard Strode</a>, English politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1584" title="1584">1584</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_14" title="October 14">October 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Cesti" title="Antonio Cesti">Antonio Cesti</a>, Italian composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1623" title="1623">1623</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_16" title="October 16">October 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Trapp_(writer)" title="John Trapp (writer)">John Trapp</a>, English theologian (b. <a href="/wiki/1601" title="1601">1601</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_19" title="October 19">October 19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domenico_Fiasella" title="Domenico Fiasella">Domenico Fiasella</a>, Italian painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1589" title="1589">1589</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Sention,_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Matthias Sention, Sr.">Matthias Sention, Sr.</a>, Connecticut settler (b. <a href="/wiki/1601" title="1601">1601</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_24" title="October 24">October 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Prynne" title="William Prynne">William Prynne</a>, English Puritan leader (b. <a href="/wiki/1600" title="1600">1600</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_3" title="November 3">November 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Drelincourt" title="Charles Drelincourt">Charles Drelincourt</a>, French Protestant divine (b. <a href="/wiki/1595" title="1595">1595</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_4" title="November 4">November 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Cocceius" title="Johannes Cocceius">Johannes Cocceius</a>, Dutch theologian (b. <a href="/wiki/1603" title="1603">1603</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lebrecht,_Prince_of_Anhalt-K%C3%B6then" title="Lebrecht, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen">Lebrecht, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen</a>, German prince of the House of Ascania (b. <a href="/wiki/1622" title="1622">1622</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_10" title="November 10">November 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Pepys" title="Elisabeth Pepys">Elisabeth Pepys</a>, English wife of Samuel Pepys (b. <a href="/wiki/1640" title="1640">1640</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_9" title="December 9">December 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_IX" title="Pope Clement IX">Pope Clement IX</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1600" title="1600">1600</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_11" title="December 11">December 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anna_Maria_of_Mecklenburg-Schwerin" title="Anna Maria of Mecklenburg-Schwerin">Anna Maria of Mecklenburg-Schwerin</a>, consort of Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels (b. <a href="/wiki/1627" title="1627">1627</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_13" title="December 13">December 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dyke_(MP_for_Seaford)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Dyke (MP for Seaford)">Thomas Dyke</a>, English politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1619" title="1619">1619</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_16" title="December 16">December 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Fiennes" title="Nathaniel Fiennes">Nathaniel Fiennes</a>, English politician (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1608" title="1608">1608</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_18" title="December 18">December 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Philipp_of_Hanau-Lichtenberg" title="Johann Philipp of Hanau-Lichtenberg">Johann Philipp of Hanau-Lichtenberg</a>, German nobleman (b. <a href="/wiki/1626" title="1626">1626</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_25" title="December 25">December 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_William,_Count_Palatine_of_Zweibr%C3%BCcken-Birkenfeld" title="George William, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld">George William, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1591" title="1591">1591</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_31" title="December 31">December 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bogus%C5%82aw_Radziwi%C5%82%C5%82" title="Bogusław Radziwiłł">Bogusław Radziwiłł</a>, Polish-Lithuanian noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1620" title="1620">1620</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1669&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Cordingly, <i>Under the Black Flag: The Romance and Reality of Life Among the Pirates</i> (Random House, 1996) p. 48 </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christiane Aulanier, <i>Le Pavillon de Flore</i> (Editions des Musées Nationaux, 1971) p. 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alfred Rupert Hall, <i>Isaac Newton: Adventurer in Thought</i> (Cambridge University Press, 1996) p. 67</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Mount-Etna">"Mount Etna | Eruptions, History, & Facts"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 7,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Mount+Etna+%7C+Eruptions%2C+History%2C+%26+Facts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FMount-Etna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1669" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts1933" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Adolphe_Roberts" title="Walter Adolphe Roberts">Roberts, Walter Adolphe</a> (1933). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YKlnAAAAMAAJ"><i>Sir Henry Morgan, Buccaneer and Governor</i></a>. Covici, Friede. p. 156.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sir+Henry+Morgan%2C+Buccaneer+and+Governor&rft.pages=156&rft.pub=Covici%2C+Friede&rft.date=1933&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Walter+Adolphe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYKlnAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1669" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/only-in-britain/samuel-pepys-diary/">"Pepys' last words"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. May 31, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Pepys%27+last+words&rft.date=2016-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fonly-in-britain%2Fsamuel-pepys-diary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1669" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dieter Zimmerling, <i>The Hanseatic League: Trading Power under the Sign of the Cog</i> (Heyne, 1978)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Werner Scheltjens, <i>North Eurasian Trade in World History, 1660–1860: The Economic and Political Importance of the Baltic Sea</i> (Taylor & Francis, 2021)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> French novelist and historian <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Pagnol" title="Marcel Pagnol">Marcel Pagnol</a> theorizes in a 1965 book, <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Secret_du_Masque_de_fer" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Secret du Masque de fer">Le Secret du Masque de fer</a></i>, that the prisoner is the older, illegitimate brother of France's King <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a>, punished for conspiracy against the crown.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uibk.ac.at/universitaet/profil/geschichte/">"History of the University of Innsbruck"</a>, University of Innsbruck website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Jadunath Sarkar, ed., <i>Maasir-i-Alamgiri: A History Of Emperor Aurangzeb by Saqi Mustaid Khan</i> (Longmans, Green and Company, 1947) p. 60</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeeks1932" class="citation journal cs1">Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932). "The discovery of the elements. II. Elements known to the alchemists". <i>Journal of Chemical Education</i>. <b>9</b> (1): 11. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1932JChEd...9...11W">1932JChEd...9...11W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fed009p11">10.1021/ed009p11</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Education&rft.atitle=The+discovery+of+the+elements.+II.+Elements+known+to+the+alchemists&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=11&rft.date=1932&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fed009p11&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1932JChEd...9...11W&rft.aulast=Weeks&rft.aufirst=Mary+Elvira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1669" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchiavone2009" class="citation book cs1">Schiavone, Michael J. (2009). <i>Dictionary of Maltese Biographies Vol. 1 A–F</i>. <a href="/wiki/Piet%C3%A0,_Malta" title="Pietà, Malta">Pietà</a>: Pubblikazzjonijiet Indipendenza. p. 755. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789993291329" title="Special:BookSources/9789993291329"><bdi>9789993291329</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Maltese+Biographies+Vol.+1+A%E2%80%93F&rft.place=Piet%C3%A0&rft.pages=755&rft.pub=Pubblikazzjonijiet+Indipendenza&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9789993291329&rft.aulast=Schiavone&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1669" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henrietta-Maria">"Henrietta Maria | queen consort of England | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 7,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Henrietta+Maria+%7C+queen+consort+of+England+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FHenrietta-Maria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1669" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1669&oldid=1254817451">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1669&oldid=1254817451</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1669" title="Category:1669">1669</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_March_2011" title="Category:Use mdy dates from March 2011">Use mdy dates from March 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 1 November 2024, at 20:53<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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