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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diseases_and_disorders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Diseases and disorders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diseases_and_disorders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cytogenetic_band" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cytogenetic_band"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Cytogenetic band</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cytogenetic_band-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromosome 4</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%BA%D9%8A_4" title="صبغي 4 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صبغي 4" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%AA_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%82_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE_(%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B9)" title="৪ নং ক্রোমোজোম (মানবদেহ) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="৪ নং ক্রোমোজোম (মানবদেহ)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_h%C5%8D_ji%C3%A1m-sek-th%C3%A9_(l%C3%A2ng)" title="4 hō jiám-sek-thé (lâng) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="4 hō jiám-sek-thé (lâng)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hromosom_4" title="Hromosom 4 – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hromosom 4" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromosoma_4" title="Cromosoma 4 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cromosoma 4" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosom_4_(Mensch)" title="Chromosom 4 (Mensch) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chromosom 4 (Mensch)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromosoma_4_(humano)" title="Cromosoma 4 (humano) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cromosoma 4 (humano)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%85_%DB%B4_(%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="کروموزوم ۴ (انسان) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کروموزوم ۴ (انسان)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_4_humain" title="Chromosome 4 humain – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chromosome 4 humain" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromosoma_4" title="Cromosoma 4 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cromosoma 4" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/4%EB%B2%88_%EC%97%BC%EC%83%89%EC%B2%B4" title="4번 염색체 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="4번 염색체" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-%D6%80%D5%A4_%D6%84%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%B8%D5%B4_(%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4)" title="4-րդ քրոմոսոմ (մարդ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="4-րդ քրոմոսոմ (մարդ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromosom_4_(%C4%8Dovjek)" title="Kromosom 4 (čovjek) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kromosom 4 (čovjek)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromosoma_4" title="Cromosoma 4 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cromosoma 4" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosoma_4_(homo)" title="Chromosoma 4 (homo) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Chromosoma 4 (homo)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hum%C3%A1n_4-es_kromosz%C3%B3ma" title="Humán 4-es kromoszóma – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Humán 4-es kromoszóma" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BC_4_(%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA)" title="Хромозом 4 (човек) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хромозом 4 (човек)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosoom_4" title="Chromosoom 4 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chromosoom 4" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromosom_4" title="Kromosom 4 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kromosom 4" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosom_4" title="Chromosom 4 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chromosom 4" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromossoma_4" title="Cromossoma 4 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cromossoma 4" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromozomul_uman_4" title="Cromozomul uman 4 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cromozomul uman 4" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-%D1%8F_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="4-я хромосома человека – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="4-я хромосома человека" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BC_4_(%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA)" title="Хромозом 4 (човек) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хромозом 4 (човек)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hromozom_4_(%C4%8Dovek)" title="Hromozom 4 (čovek) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hromozom 4 (čovek)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromosom_4" title="Kromosom 4 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kromosom 4" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromosomang_4_(tao)" title="Kromosomang 4 (tao) – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kromosomang 4 (tao)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromozom_4_(insan)" title="Kromozom 4 (insan) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kromozom 4 (insan)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0_4_(%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Хромосома 4 (людина) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хромосома 4 (людина)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/4%E8%99%9F%E6%9F%93%E8%89%B2%E9%AB%94" title="4號染色體 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="4號染色體" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q836605#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Chromosome 4</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Human_male_karyotpe_high_resolution_-_Chromosome_4_cropped.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Human_male_karyotpe_high_resolution_-_Chromosome_4_cropped.png" decoding="async" width="104" height="138" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="104" data-file-height="138" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Human chromosome 4 pair after <a href="/wiki/G_banding" title="G banding">G-banding</a>. One is from mother, one is from father.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Human_male_karyotpe_high_resolution_-_Chromosome_4.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Human_male_karyotpe_high_resolution_-_Chromosome_4.png/220px-Human_male_karyotpe_high_resolution_-_Chromosome_4.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Human_male_karyotpe_high_resolution_-_Chromosome_4.png/330px-Human_male_karyotpe_high_resolution_-_Chromosome_4.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Human_male_karyotpe_high_resolution_-_Chromosome_4.png/440px-Human_male_karyotpe_high_resolution_-_Chromosome_4.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="940" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Chromosome 4 pair<br /> in human male <a href="/wiki/Karyogram" class="mw-redirect" title="Karyogram">karyogram</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Features</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3">Length (<a href="/wiki/Base_pair#Length_measurements" title="Base pair">bp</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee">193,574,945 bp<br />(CHM13)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Number_of_genes" class="mw-redirect" title="Number of genes"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> of genes</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee">727 (<a href="/wiki/Consensus_CDS_Project" title="Consensus CDS Project">CCDS</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-CCDS_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCDS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3">Type</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a href="/wiki/Autosome" title="Autosome">Autosome</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Centromere#Positions" title="Centromere">Centromere position</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a href="/wiki/Centromere#Submetacentric" title="Centromere">Submetacentric</a><sup id="cite_ref-StrachanRead2010_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StrachanRead2010-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(50.0 Mbp<sup id="cite_ref-850bphs_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-850bphs-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Complete gene lists</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Consensus_CDS_Project" title="Consensus CDS Project">CCDS</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?term=4%5BChr%5D%20AND%20%22Homo%20sapiens%22%5BOrganism%5D%20AND%20%28%22has%20ccds%22%5BProperties%5D%20AND%20alive%5Bprop%5D%29&cmd=DetailsSearch">Gene list</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/HUGO_Gene_Nomenclature_Committee" title="HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee">HGNC</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/cgi-bin/statistics?c=4">Gene list</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/docs/humchr04.txt">Gene list</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/?term=4%5BCHR%5D+AND+human%5BORGN%5D">Gene list</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">External map viewers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Ensembl_genome_database_project" title="Ensembl genome database project">Ensembl</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Location/Chromosome?r=4">Chromosome 4</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Entrez" title="Entrez">Entrez</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mapview/maps.cgi?TAXID=9606&chr=4">Chromosome 4</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/gdv/browser/?context=genome&acc=GCF_000001405.36&chr=4">Chromosome 4</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/UCSC_Genome_Browser" title="UCSC Genome Browser">UCSC</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=hg38&position=chr4">Chromosome 4</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd"><a href="/wiki/Nucleic_acid_sequence" title="Nucleic acid sequence">Full DNA sequences</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/RefSeq" title="RefSeq">RefSeq</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_000004?report=fasta">NC_000004</a> (<a href="/wiki/FASTA_format" title="FASTA format">FASTA</a>) </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/GenBank" title="GenBank">GenBank</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/CM000666?report=fasta">CM000666</a> (<a href="/wiki/FASTA_format" title="FASTA format">FASTA</a>) </span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Chromosome 4</b> is one of the 23 pairs of <a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">chromosomes</a> in <a href="/wiki/Humans" class="mw-redirect" title="Humans">humans</a>. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 4 spans more than 190 million <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">base pairs</a> (the building material of <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a>) and represents between 6 and 6.5 percent of the total DNA in <a href="/wiki/Cell_(biology)" title="Cell (biology)">cells</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genomics">Genomics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromosome_4&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Genomics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The chromosome is ~193 megabases in length. In a 2012 paper, 775 protein-encoding genes were identified on this chromosome.<sup id="cite_ref-Chen2012_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chen2012-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 211 (27.9%) of these coding sequences did not have any experimental evidence at the protein level, in 2012. 271 appear to be membrane proteins. 54 have been classified as cancer-associated proteins. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genes">Genes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromosome_4&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Genes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Number_of_genes">Number of genes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromosome_4&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Number of genes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following are some of the gene count estimates of human chromosome 4. Because researchers use different approaches to <a href="/wiki/Genome_annotation" class="mw-redirect" title="Genome annotation">genome annotation</a> their predictions of the <a href="/wiki/Number_of_genes" class="mw-redirect" title="Number of genes">number of genes</a> on each chromosome varies (for technical details, see <a href="/wiki/Gene_prediction" title="Gene prediction">gene prediction</a>). Among various projects, the collaborative consensus coding sequence project (<a href="/wiki/Consensus_CDS_Project" title="Consensus CDS Project">CCDS</a>) takes an extremely conservative strategy. So CCDS's gene number prediction represents a lower bound on the total number of human protein-coding genes.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid20441615_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid20441615-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th>Estimated by </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Protein-coding_genes" class="mw-redirect" title="Protein-coding genes">Protein-coding genes</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Non-coding_RNA" title="Non-coding RNA">Non-coding RNA genes</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Pseudogene" title="Pseudogene">Pseudogenes</a> </th> <th>Source </th> <th>Release date </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Consensus_CDS_Project" title="Consensus CDS Project">CCDS</a></td> <td>727</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td> <td style="text-align:center"><sup id="cite_ref-CCDS_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCDS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2016-09-08 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/HUGO_Gene_Nomenclature_Committee" title="HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee">HGNC</a></td> <td>731</td> <td>277</td> <td>633 </td> <td style="text-align:center"><sup id="cite_ref-HGNC20170512_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HGNC20170512-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2017-05-12 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ensembl_genome_database_project" title="Ensembl genome database project">Ensembl</a></td> <td>746</td> <td>993</td> <td>727 </td> <td style="text-align:center"><sup id="cite_ref-Ensembl_Release_88_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ensembl_Release_88-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2017-03-29 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a></td> <td>765</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td> <td style="text-align:center"><sup id="cite_ref-UniProt_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UniProt-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2018-02-28 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a></td> <td>769</td> <td>934</td> <td>819 </td> <td style="text-align:center"><sup id="cite_ref-NCBI_coding_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCBI_coding-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NCBI_noncoding_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCBI_noncoding-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NCBI_pseudo_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCBI_pseudo-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2017-05-19 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gene_list">Gene list</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromosome_4&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gene list"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Genes_on_human_chromosome_4" title="Category:Genes on human chromosome 4">Category:Genes on human chromosome 4</a></div> <p>The following is a partial list of genes on human chromosome 4. For complete list, see the link in the infobox on the right. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aminoadipate-semialdehyde_dehydrogenase" title="Aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase">AASDH</a>: aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACVR1" title="ACVR1">ACVR1</a>: activin-like kinase 2 (ALK-2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACOX3" title="ACOX3">ACOX3</a>: encoding <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzyme</a> Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AFAP1-AS1" title="AFAP1-AS1">AFAP1-AS1</a>: encoding protein AFAP1 antisense RNA 1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspartylglucosaminidase" title="Aspartylglucosaminidase">AGA</a>: <a href="/wiki/Aspartylglucosaminuria" title="Aspartylglucosaminuria">AGU</a> syndrome (Finnish heritage disease) related gene</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGPAT9" title="AGPAT9">AGPAT9</a>: encoding <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzyme</a> Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 3 a.k.a. 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 9</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANK2" class="mw-redirect" title="ANK2">ANK2</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ankyrin_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ankyrin 2 (page does not exist)">ankyrin 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neuronal" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuronal">neuronal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APBB2" title="APBB2">APBB2</a>: encoding <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> Amyloid beta A4 precursor protein-binding family B member 2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ART3" title="ART3">ART3</a>: encoding <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzyme</a> Ecto-ADP-ribosyltransferase 3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASAHL" title="ASAHL">ASAHL</a>: encoding <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzyme</a> N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B_cell_scaffold_protein_with_ankyrin_repeats_1" title="B cell scaffold protein with ankyrin repeats 1">BANK1</a>: encoding protein B cell scaffold protein with ankyrin repeats 1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BEN_domain_containing_4" title="BEN domain containing 4">BEND4</a>: encoding protein BEN domain containing 4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ccdc109b" class="mw-redirect" title="Ccdc109b">CCDC109B</a>: Coiled-coil domain containing 109B</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytokine_dependent_hematopoietic_cell_linker" title="Cytokine dependent hematopoietic cell linker">CLNK</a>: encoding protein Cytokine dependent hematopoietic cell linker</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complement_Factor_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Complement Factor I">Complement Factor I</a>: Complement Factor I</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinc_finger,_cchc_domain_containing_23" title="Zinc finger, cchc domain containing 23">COL25A1-DT</a>: encoding protein Zinc finger, cchc domain containing 23</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CRMP1" title="CRMP1">CRMP1</a>: Collapsin response mediator protein 1, a member of <a href="/wiki/Collapsin_response_mediator_protein_family" title="Collapsin response mediator protein family">CRMP family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSN2" title="CSN2">CSN2</a>: Beta-casein</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL1" title="CXCL1">CXCL1</a>: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1, <i>scyb1</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL2" title="CXCL2">CXCL2</a>: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2, <i>scyb2</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL3" title="CXCL3">CXCL3</a>: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 3, <i>scyb3</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platelet_factor_4" title="Platelet factor 4">CXCL4</a>: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4, Platelet factor-4, PF-4, <i>scyb4</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL5" title="CXCL5">CXCL5</a>: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5, <i>scyb5</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL6" title="CXCL6">CXCL6</a>: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 6, <i>scyb6</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL7" title="CXCL7">CXCL7</a>: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 7, PPBP, <i>scyb7</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_8" title="Interleukin 8">CXCL8</a>: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8, interleukin 8 (IL-8), <i>scyb8</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL9" title="CXCL9">CXCL9</a>: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9, <i>scyb9</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL10" title="CXCL10">CXCL10</a>: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10, <i>scyb10</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL11" title="CXCL11">CXCL11</a>: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 11, <i>scyb11</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL13" title="CXCL13">CXCL13</a>: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13, <i>scyb13</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYTL1" class="mw-redirect" title="CYTL1">CYTL1</a>: Cytokine-like 1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DCUN1D4" title="DCUN1D4">DCUN1D4</a>: Defective in cullin neddylation 1 domain containing 4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DHX15" title="DHX15">DHX15</a>: DEAH-box helicase 15</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DKK2" title="DKK2">DKK2</a>: Dickkopf-related protein 2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DMAC1" title="DMAC1">DMAC1</a>: encoding protein Transmembrane protein 261</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DUX4" title="DUX4">DUX4</a>: Thought to be inactive but 2010 research shows a key role in <a href="/wiki/FSHD" class="mw-redirect" title="FSHD">FSHD</a><sup id="cite_ref-Unifying_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Unifying-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmo_domain_containing_2" title="Elmo domain containing 2">ELMOD2</a>: Elmo domain-containing 2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMCN" title="EMCN">EMCN</a>: Endomucin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EVC_(gene)" title="EVC (gene)">EVC</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ellis%E2%80%93Van_Creveld_syndrome" title="Ellis–Van Creveld syndrome">Ellis–Van Creveld syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EVC2" class="mw-redirect" title="EVC2">EVC2</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellis%E2%80%93Van_Creveld_syndrome_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ellis–Van Creveld syndrome 2 (page does not exist)">Ellis–Van Creveld syndrome 2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Limbin" title="Limbin">limbin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factor_XI" title="Factor XI">Factor XI</a>: Mutations cause <a href="/wiki/Haemophilia_C" title="Haemophilia C">Haemophilia C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FAM114A1" title="FAM114A1">FAM114A1</a>: Family with sequence similarity 114, member A1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FAM149A" title="FAM149A">FAM149A</a>: Family with sequence similarity 149, member A</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FAM193A" title="FAM193A">FAM193A</a>: Family with sequence similarity 193, member A</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FAM198B" title="FAM198B">FAM198B</a>: encoding <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> Protein ENED</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fam221b" title="Fam221b">FAM221B</a>: Family with sequence similarity 221, member B</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FAM47E-STBD1" title="FAM47E-STBD1">FAM47E-STBD1</a>: FAM47E-STBD1 readthrough</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FGF2" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF2">FGF2</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_2" title="Fibroblast growth factor 2">Fibroblast growth factor 2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Basic_fibroblast_growth_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic fibroblast growth factor">basic fibroblast growth factor</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FGFR3" class="mw-redirect" title="FGFR3">FGFR3</a>: fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (<a href="/wiki/Achondroplasia" title="Achondroplasia">achondroplasia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thanatophoric_dwarfism" class="mw-redirect" title="Thanatophoric dwarfism">thanatophoric dwarfism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bladder_cancer" title="Bladder cancer">bladder cancer</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FGFRL1" class="mw-redirect" title="FGFRL1">FGFRL1</a>: fibroblast growth factor receptor-like 1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FRG1" title="FRG1">FRG1</a>: FSHD region gene 1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FRY_like_transcription_coactivator" title="FRY like transcription coactivator">FRYL</a>: encoding protein FRY like transcription coactivator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Follistatin_like_5" title="Follistatin like 5">FSTL5</a>: encoding protein Follistatin like 5</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GUF1" title="GUF1">GUF1</a>: GUF1 homolog, GTPase</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDL3" title="HDL3">HDL3</a>: encoding Huntington-like neurodegenerative disorder 2 protein</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helicase,_POLQ-like" title="Helicase, POLQ-like">HELQ</a>: encoding protein Helicase, POLQ-like</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntingtin" title="Huntingtin">HTT</a> (Huntingtin): <a href="/wiki/Huntingtin" title="Huntingtin">huntingtin</a> protein (<a href="/wiki/Huntington%27s_disease" title="Huntington's disease">Huntington's disease</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IGJ_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="IGJ (gene)">IGJ</a>: linker protein for immunoglobulin alpha and mu polypeptides</li> <li><a href="/wiki/INTS12" title="INTS12">INTS12</a>: Integrator complex subunit 12</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDR_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="KDR (gene)">KDR</a>: Kinase insert domain receptor (<a href="/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor">Vascular endothelial growth factor</a> receptor 2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIAA1530" title="KIAA1530">KIAA1530</a>: UV stimulated scaffold protein A</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIT_(gene)" title="KIT (gene)">KIT</a>: tyrosine-protein kinase KIT, CD117; mast/stem cell growth factor receptor (SCFR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCORL" title="LCORL">LCORL</a>: Ligand dependent nuclear receptor corepressor like</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LDB2" title="LDB2">LDB2</a>: LIM domain-binding protein 2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGI2" title="LGI2">LGI2</a>: Leucine-rich repeat LGI family member 2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LOC100505912" title="LOC100505912">LOC100505912</a> encoding <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> Uncharacterized LOC100505912</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LSM6" title="LSM6">LSM6</a>: U6 snRNA-associated Sm-like protein</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_cancer_overexpressed_1_pseudogene_1" title="Oral cancer overexpressed 1 pseudogene 1">LTO1P1</a>: encoding protein Oral cancer overexpressed 1 pseudogene 1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LYAR" title="LYAR">LYAR</a>: Cell growth-regulating nucleolar protein</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAB21L2" title="MAB21L2">MAB21L2</a>: Mab-21-like 2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcksl1_(gene)" title="Marcksl1 (gene)">Marcksl1</a>: encoding <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> MARCKS-like 1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastermind-like_3_(drosophila)" title="Mastermind-like 3 (drosophila)">MAML3</a>: Mastermind-like 3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MFSD7" title="MFSD7">MFSD7</a>: encoding <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> Major facilitator superfamily domain containing 7</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIR1269A" title="MIR1269A">MIR1269A</a>: microRNA 1269a</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIR95" title="MIR95">MIR95</a>: non-coding RNA MicroRNA 95</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLF1IP" title="MLF1IP">MLF1IP</a>: Centromere protein U</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMAA" title="MMAA">MMAA</a>: <a href="/wiki/Methylmalonic_aciduria" class="mw-redirect" title="Methylmalonic aciduria">methylmalonic aciduria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cobalamin_deficiency" class="mw-redirect" title="Cobalamin deficiency">cobalamin deficiency</a>) cblA type</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTHFD2L" title="MTHFD2L">MTHFD2L</a>: NAD-dependent methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2-like protein</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myosin_light_chain_5" title="Myosin light chain 5">MYL5</a>: Myosin light chain 5</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nucleosome_assembly_protein_1_like_5" title="Nucleosome assembly protein 1 like 5">NAP1L5</a>: encoding protein Nucleosome assembly protein 1 like 5</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuron_derived_neurotrophic_factor" title="Neuron derived neurotrophic factor">NDNF</a>: encoding protein Neuron derived neurotrophic factor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOA1" title="NOA1">NOA1</a>: encoding <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> Nitric oxide associated 1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephronectin" title="Nephronectin">NPNT</a>: encoding protein Nephronectin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NUDT6" title="NUDT6">NUDT6</a>: nudix hydrolase 6</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NUDT9" title="NUDT9">NUDT9</a>: nudix hydrolase 9</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OTUD4" title="OTUD4">OTUD4</a>: OTU domain-containing protein 4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PABPC4L" title="PABPC4L">PABPC4L</a>: encoding <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> Poly(A) binding protein, cytoplasmic 4-like</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PARM1" title="PARM1">PARM1</a>: Prostate androgen-regulated mucin-like protein 1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHOX2B" title="PHOX2B">PHOX2B</a>: codes for a <a href="/wiki/Homeodomain" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeodomain">homeodomain</a> transcription factor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PI4K2B" title="PI4K2B">PI4K2B</a>: Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type 2-beta</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PKD2" class="mw-redirect" title="PKD2">PKD2</a>: <a href="/wiki/Polycystic_kidney_disease_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Polycystic kidney disease 2">polycystic kidney disease 2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Autosomal_dominant" class="mw-redirect" title="Autosomal dominant">autosomal dominant</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placenta_specific_8" title="Placenta specific 8">PLAC8</a>: encoding protein Placenta specific 8</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PLK4" title="PLK4">PLK4</a>: Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein_phosphatase_with_ef-hand_domain_2" title="Protein phosphatase with ef-hand domain 2">PPEF2</a>: encoding protein Protein phosphatase with ef-hand domain 2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSAPL1" title="PSAPL1">PSAPL1</a>: encoding <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> Prosaposin-like 1 (gene/pseudogene)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/QDPR" title="QDPR">QDPR</a>: <a href="/wiki/Quinoid_dihydropteridine_reductase" class="mw-redirect" title="Quinoid dihydropteridine reductase">quinoid dihydropteridine reductase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RBM47" title="RBM47">RBM47</a>: RNA binding motif protein 47</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RG9MTD2" title="RG9MTD2">RG9MTD2</a>: encoding protein RNA (guanine-9-) methyltransferase domain containing 2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stimulator_of_chondrogenesis_1" title="Stimulator of chondrogenesis 1">SCRG1</a>: encoding protein Stimulator of chondrogenesis 1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDAD1" title="SDAD1">SDAD1</a>: protein SDA1 homolog</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEC24B" title="SEC24B">SEC24B</a>: Sec24 homolog B</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEC24D" title="SEC24D">SEC24D</a>: Sec24 homolog D</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEPT11" title="SEPT11">SEPT11</a>: Septin-11</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC9B2" title="SLC9B2">SLC9B2</a>: solute carrier family 9 member B2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solute_carrier_family_10_member_4" title="Solute carrier family 10 member 4">SLC10A4</a>: solute carrier family 10 member 4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMIM20" title="SMIM20">SMIM20</a>: encoding <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> Small integral membrane protein 20</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-synuclein" title="Alpha-synuclein">SNCA</a>: <a href="/wiki/Synuclein" title="Synuclein">synuclein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alpha" title="Alpha">alpha</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Non_A4_component_of_amyloid_precursor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Non A4 component of amyloid precursor (page does not exist)">non A4 component of amyloid precursor</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPATA5" title="SPATA5">SPATA5</a>: Spermatogenesis-associated protein 5</li> <li><a href="/wiki/STATH" title="STATH">STATH</a>: gene with protein product</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TACC3" title="TACC3">TACC3</a>: Transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing protein 3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TENM3" title="TENM3">TENM3</a>: Teneurin transmembrane protein 3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/THAP6" title="THAP6">THAP6</a>: THAP domain-containing protein 6</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TMEM155" title="TMEM155">TMEM155</a>: encoding protein Transmembrane protein 155</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TMEM165" title="TMEM165">TMEM165</a>: encoding protein Transmembrane protein 165</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmembrane_protein_175" title="Transmembrane protein 175">TMEM175</a>: encoding protein Transmembrane protein 175</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmembrane_protein_243" title="Transmembrane protein 243">TMEM243</a>: encoding protein Transmembrane protein 243</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TMPRSS11D" title="TMPRSS11D">TMPRSS11D</a>: Transmembrane protease, serine 11D</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TMPRSS11F" title="TMPRSS11F">TMPRSS11F</a>: encoding protein Transmembrane serine protease 11F</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNIP2" title="TNIP2">TNIP2</a>: TNFAIP3-interaction protein 2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNIP3_(gene)" title="TNIP3 (gene)">TNIP3</a>: encoding protein TNFAIP3 interacting protein 3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UCHL1" class="mw-redirect" title="UCHL1">UCHL1</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubiquitin_carboxyl-terminal_esterase_L1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal esterase L1 (page does not exist)">ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal esterase L1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ubiquitin_thiolesterase" class="mw-redirect" title="Ubiquitin thiolesterase">ubiquitin thiolesterase</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UGDH-AS1" title="UGDH-AS1">UGDH-AS1</a>: encoding protein UGDH antisense RNA 1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UGT8" title="UGT8">UGT8</a>: UDP glycosyltransferase 8</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNC5C" title="UNC5C">UNC5C</a>: netrin receptor UNC5C</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPF0602" title="UPF0602">UPF0602</a>: encoding UPF0602 Protein C4orf47</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubiquitin_specific_peptidase_38" title="Ubiquitin specific peptidase 38">USP38</a>: encoding <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> Ubiquitin specific peptidase 38</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USP53" title="USP53">USP53</a>: ubiquitin specific peptidase 53</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTP3" title="UTP3">UTP3</a>: small subunit processome component</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VPS54&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VPS54 (page does not exist)">VPS54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFS1" title="WFS1">WFS1</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wolfram_syndrome#WFS1" title="Wolfram syndrome">Wolfram syndrome 1</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolframin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolframin (page does not exist)">wolframin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZGRF1" class="mw-redirect" title="ZGRF1">ZGRF1</a>: zinc-finger GRF-type containing 1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinc_finger_protein_621" title="Zinc finger protein 621">ZNF621</a>: encoding <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> Zinc finger protein 621</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diseases_and_disorders">Diseases and disorders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromosome_4&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Diseases and disorders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following are some of the diseases related to genes located on chromosome 4: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achondroplasia" title="Achondroplasia">Achondroplasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autosomal_dominant_polycystic_kidney" class="mw-redirect" title="Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney">Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney</a> disease (PKD-2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bladder_cancer" title="Bladder cancer">Bladder cancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crouzonodermoskeletal_syndrome" title="Crouzonodermoskeletal syndrome">Crouzonodermoskeletal syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronic_lymphocytic_leukemia" title="Chronic lymphocytic leukemia">Chronic lymphocytic leukemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congenital_central_hypoventilation_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome">Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellis%E2%80%93Van_Creveld_syndrome" title="Ellis–Van Creveld syndrome">Ellis–Van Creveld syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facioscapulohumeral_muscular_dystrophy" title="Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy">Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibrodysplasia_ossificans_progressiva" title="Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva">Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva</a> (FOP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haemophilia_C" title="Haemophilia C">Haemophilia C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntington%27s_disease" title="Huntington's disease">Huntington's disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemolytic_uremic_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemolytic uremic syndrome">Hemolytic uremic syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_benign_intraepithelial_dyskeratosis" title="Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis">Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirschprung%27s_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Hirschprung's disease">Hirschprung's disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypochondroplasia" title="Hypochondroplasia">Hypochondroplasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mast_cell_activation_syndrome" title="Mast cell activation syndrome">Mast cell activation syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylmalonic_acidemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Methylmalonic acidemia">Methylmalonic acidemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mucopolysaccharidosis_type_I" title="Mucopolysaccharidosis type I">Mucopolysaccharidosis type I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muenke_syndrome" title="Muenke syndrome">Muenke syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonsyndromic_deafness" title="Nonsyndromic deafness">Nonsyndromic deafness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonsyndromic_deafness,_autosomal_dominant" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonsyndromic deafness, autosomal dominant">Nonsyndromic deafness, autosomal dominant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkinson%27s_disease" title="Parkinson's disease">Parkinson's disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycystic_kidney_disease" title="Polycystic kidney disease">Polycystic kidney disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano%E2%80%93Ward_syndrome" title="Romano–Ward syndrome">Romano–Ward syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SADDAN" class="mw-redirect" title="SADDAN">SADDAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrobiopterin_deficiency" title="Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency">Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanatophoric_dysplasia" title="Thanatophoric dysplasia">Thanatophoric dysplasia</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thanatophoric_dysplasia,_type_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thanatophoric dysplasia, type 1 (page does not exist)">Type 1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thanatophoric_dysplasia,_type_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thanatophoric dysplasia, type 2 (page does not exist)">Type 2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfram_syndrome" title="Wolfram syndrome">Wolfram syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf%E2%80%93Hirschhorn_syndrome" title="Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome">Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cytogenetic_band">Cytogenetic band</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromosome_4&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cytogenetic band"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">G-banding ideograms of human chromosome 4</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:136px;max-width:136px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:698px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Human_chromosome_4_ideogram_vertical.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Human_chromosome_4_ideogram_vertical.svg/134px-Human_chromosome_4_ideogram_vertical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="134" height="698" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Human_chromosome_4_ideogram_vertical.svg/201px-Human_chromosome_4_ideogram_vertical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Human_chromosome_4_ideogram_vertical.svg/268px-Human_chromosome_4_ideogram_vertical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="216" data-file-height="1125" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">G-banding ideogram of human chromosome 4 in resolution 850 bphs. Band length in this diagram is proportional to base-pair length. This type of ideogram is generally used in genome browsers (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Ensembl" class="mw-redirect" title="Ensembl">Ensembl</a>, <a href="/wiki/UCSC_Genome_Browser" title="UCSC Genome Browser">UCSC Genome Browser</a>).</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:698px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Human_chromosome_04_-_400_550_850_bphs.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Human_chromosome_04_-_400_550_850_bphs.png/250px-Human_chromosome_04_-_400_550_850_bphs.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="534" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Human_chromosome_04_-_400_550_850_bphs.png/375px-Human_chromosome_04_-_400_550_850_bphs.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Human_chromosome_04_-_400_550_850_bphs.png/500px-Human_chromosome_04_-_400_550_850_bphs.png 2x" data-file-width="999" data-file-height="2132" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">G-banding patterns of human chromosome 4 in three different resolutions (400,<sup id="cite_ref-400bphs_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-400bphs-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 550<sup id="cite_ref-550bphs_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-550bphs-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 850<sup id="cite_ref-850bphs_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-850bphs-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). Band length in this diagram is based on the ideograms from ISCN (2013).<sup id="cite_ref-Nomenclature2013_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nomenclature2013-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This type of ideogram represents actual relative band length observed under a microscope at the different moments during the <a href="/wiki/Mitosis" title="Mitosis">mitotic process</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SethakulvichaiManitpornsut2012_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SethakulvichaiManitpornsut2012-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <caption><a href="/wiki/G_banding" title="G banding">G-bands</a> of human chromosome 4 in resolution 850 bphs<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Chr. </th> <th>Arm<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Band<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>ISCN<br />start<sup id="cite_ref-ISCN_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISCN-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>ISCN<br />stop<sup id="cite_ref-ISCN_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISCN-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Basepair<br />start </th> <th>Basepair<br />stop </th> <th>Stain<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Density </th></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>p </td> <td style="text-align:left">16.3</td> <td>0</td> <td>220</td> <td>1</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006450000000000000♠"></span>4,500,000</span> </td> <td style="background:white">gneg</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>p </td> <td style="text-align:left">16.2</td> <td>220</td> <td>389</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006450000100000000♠"></span>4,500,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006600000000000000♠"></span>6,000,000</span> </td> <td style="background:#d9d9d9">gpos</td> <td>25 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>p </td> <td style="text-align:left">16.1</td> <td>389</td> <td>779</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006600000100000000♠"></span>6,000,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007113000000000000♠"></span>11,300,000</span> </td> <td style="background:white">gneg</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>p </td> <td style="text-align:left">15.33</td> <td>779</td> <td>1066</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007113000010000000♠"></span>11,300,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007150000000000000♠"></span>15,000,000</span> </td> <td style="background:#979797">gpos</td> <td>50 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>p </td> <td style="text-align:left">15.32</td> <td>1066</td> <td>1286</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007150000010000000♠"></span>15,000,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007177000000000000♠"></span>17,700,000</span> </td> <td style="background:white">gneg</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>p </td> <td style="text-align:left">15.31</td> <td>1286</td> <td>1557</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007177000010000000♠"></span>17,700,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007213000000000000♠"></span>21,300,000</span> </td> <td style="background:#636363; color:white;">gpos</td> <td>75 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>p </td> <td style="text-align:left">15.2</td> <td>1557</td> <td>1811</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007213000010000000♠"></span>21,300,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007277000000000000♠"></span>27,700,000</span> </td> <td style="background:white">gneg</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>p </td> <td style="text-align:left">15.1</td> <td>1811</td> <td>2166</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007277000010000000♠"></span>27,700,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007358000000000000♠"></span>35,800,000</span> </td> <td style="background:black; color:white;">gpos</td> <td>100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>p </td> <td style="text-align:left">14</td> <td>2166</td> <td>2505</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007358000010000000♠"></span>35,800,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007412000000000000♠"></span>41,200,000</span> </td> <td style="background:white">gneg</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>p </td> <td style="text-align:left">13</td> <td>2505</td> <td>2742</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007412000010000000♠"></span>41,200,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007446000000000000♠"></span>44,600,000</span> </td> <td style="background:#979797">gpos</td> <td>50 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>p </td> <td style="text-align:left">12</td> <td>2742</td> <td>2877</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007446000010000000♠"></span>44,600,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007482000000000000♠"></span>48,200,000</span> </td> <td style="background:white">gneg</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>p </td> <td style="text-align:left">11</td> <td>2877</td> <td>3046</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007482000010000000♠"></span>48,200,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007500000000000000♠"></span>50,000,000</span> </td> <td style="background:#6e7f8f; color:white;">acen</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>q </td> <td style="text-align:left">11</td> <td>3046</td> <td>3249</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007500000010000000♠"></span>50,000,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007518000000000000♠"></span>51,800,000</span> </td> <td style="background:#6e7f8f; color:white;">acen</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>q </td> <td style="text-align:left">12</td> <td>3249</td> <td>3571</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007518000010000000♠"></span>51,800,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007585000000000000♠"></span>58,500,000</span> </td> <td style="background:white">gneg</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>q </td> <td style="text-align:left">13.1</td> <td>3571</td> <td>3910</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007585000010000000♠"></span>58,500,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007655000000000000♠"></span>65,500,000</span> </td> <td style="background:black; color:white;">gpos</td> <td>100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>q </td> <td style="text-align:left">13.2</td> <td>3910</td> <td>4062</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007655000010000000♠"></span>65,500,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007694000000000000♠"></span>69,400,000</span> </td> <td style="background:white">gneg</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>q </td> <td style="text-align:left">13.3</td> <td>4062</td> <td>4333</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007694000010000000♠"></span>69,400,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007753000000000000♠"></span>75,300,000</span> </td> <td style="background:#636363; color:white;">gpos</td> <td>75 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>q </td> <td style="text-align:left">21.1</td> <td>4333</td> <td>4502</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007753000010000000♠"></span>75,300,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007780000000000000♠"></span>78,000,000</span> </td> <td style="background:white">gneg</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>q </td> <td style="text-align:left">21.21</td> <td>4502</td> <td>4671</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007780000010000000♠"></span>78,000,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007815000000000000♠"></span>81,500,000</span> </td> <td style="background:#979797">gpos</td> <td>50 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>q </td> <td style="text-align:left">21.22</td> <td>4671</td> <td>4739</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007815000010000000♠"></span>81,500,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007832000000000000♠"></span>83,200,000</span> </td> <td style="background:white">gneg</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>q </td> <td style="text-align:left">21.23</td> <td>4739</td> <td>4874</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007832000010000000♠"></span>83,200,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007860000000000000♠"></span>86,000,000</span> </td> <td style="background:#d9d9d9">gpos</td> <td>25 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>q </td> <td style="text-align:left">21.3</td> <td>4874</td> <td>5145</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007860000010000000♠"></span>86,000,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007871000000000000♠"></span>87,100,000</span> </td> <td style="background:white">gneg</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>q </td> <td style="text-align:left">22.1</td> <td>5145</td> <td>5517</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007871000010000000♠"></span>87,100,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007928000000000000♠"></span>92,800,000</span> </td> <td style="background:#636363; color:white;">gpos</td> <td>75 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>q </td> <td style="text-align:left">22.2</td> <td>5517</td> <td>5636</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007928000010000000♠"></span>92,800,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007942000000000000♠"></span>94,200,000</span> </td> <td style="background:white">gneg</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>q </td> <td style="text-align:left">22.3</td> <td>5636</td> <td>5890</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007942000010000000♠"></span>94,200,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007979000000000000♠"></span>97,900,000</span> </td> <td style="background:#636363; color:white;">gpos</td> <td>75 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>q </td> <td style="text-align:left">23</td> <td>5890</td> <td>6059</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007979000010000000♠"></span>97,900,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008100100000000000♠"></span>100,100,000</span> </td> <td style="background:white">gneg</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>q </td> <td style="text-align:left">24</td> <td>6059</td> <td>6347</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008100100001000000♠"></span>100,100,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008106700000000000♠"></span>106,700,000</span> </td> <td style="background:#979797">gpos</td> <td>50 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>q </td> <td style="text-align:left">25</td> <td>6347</td> <td>6685</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008106700001000000♠"></span>106,700,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008113200000000000♠"></span>113,200,000</span> </td> <td style="background:white">gneg</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>q </td> <td style="text-align:left">26</td> <td>6685</td> <td>7040</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008113200001000000♠"></span>113,200,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008119900000000000♠"></span>119,900,000</span> </td> <td style="background:#636363; color:white;">gpos</td> <td>75 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>q </td> <td style="text-align:left">27</td> <td>7040</td> <td>7277</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008119900001000000♠"></span>119,900,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008122800000000000♠"></span>122,800,000</span> </td> <td style="background:white">gneg</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>q </td> <td style="text-align:left">28.1</td> <td>7277</td> <td>7565</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008122800001000000♠"></span>122,800,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008127900000000000♠"></span>127,900,000</span> </td> <td style="background:#979797">gpos</td> <td>50 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>q </td> <td style="text-align:left">28.2</td> <td>7565</td> <td>7734</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008127900001000000♠"></span>127,900,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008130100000000000♠"></span>130,100,000</span> </td> <td style="background:white">gneg</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>q </td> <td style="text-align:left">28.3</td> <td>7734</td> <td>8259</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008130100001000000♠"></span>130,100,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008138500000000000♠"></span>138,500,000</span> </td> <td style="background:black; color:white;">gpos</td> <td>100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>q </td> <td style="text-align:left">31.1</td> <td>8259</td> <td>8581</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008138500001000000♠"></span>138,500,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008140600000000000♠"></span>140,600,000</span> </td> <td style="background:white">gneg</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>q </td> <td style="text-align:left">31.21</td> <td>8581</td> <td>8733</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008140600001000000♠"></span>140,600,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008145900000000000♠"></span>145,900,000</span> </td> <td style="background:#d9d9d9">gpos</td> <td>25 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>q </td> <td style="text-align:left">31.22</td> <td>8733</td> <td>8851</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008145900001000000♠"></span>145,900,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008147500000000000♠"></span>147,500,000</span> </td> <td style="background:white">gneg</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>q </td> <td style="text-align:left">31.23</td> <td>8851</td> <td>9004</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008147500001000000♠"></span>147,500,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008150200000000000♠"></span>150,200,000</span> </td> <td style="background:#d9d9d9">gpos</td> <td>25 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>q </td> <td style="text-align:left">31.3</td> <td>9004</td> <td>9207</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008150200001000000♠"></span>150,200,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008154600000000000♠"></span>154,600,000</span> </td> <td style="background:white">gneg</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>q </td> <td style="text-align:left">32.1</td> <td>9207</td> <td>9545</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008154600001000000♠"></span>154,600,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008160800000000000♠"></span>160,800,000</span> </td> <td style="background:black; color:white;">gpos</td> <td>100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>q </td> <td style="text-align:left">32.2</td> <td>9545</td> <td>9681</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008160800001000000♠"></span>160,800,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008163600000000000♠"></span>163,600,000</span> </td> <td style="background:white">gneg</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>q </td> <td style="text-align:left">32.3</td> <td>9681</td> <td>9985</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008163600001000000♠"></span>163,600,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008169200000000000♠"></span>169,200,000</span> </td> <td style="background:black; color:white;">gpos</td> <td>100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>q </td> <td style="text-align:left">33</td> <td>9985</td> <td>10087</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008169200001000000♠"></span>169,200,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008171000000000000♠"></span>171,000,000</span> </td> <td style="background:white">gneg</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>q </td> <td style="text-align:left">34.1</td> <td>10087</td> <td>10341</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008171000001000000♠"></span>171,000,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008175400000000000♠"></span>175,400,000</span> </td> <td style="background:#636363; color:white;">gpos</td> <td>75 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>q </td> <td style="text-align:left">34.2</td> <td>10341</td> <td>10408</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008175400001000000♠"></span>175,400,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008176600000000000♠"></span>176,600,000</span> </td> <td style="background:white">gneg</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>q </td> <td style="text-align:left">34.3</td> <td>10408</td> <td>10628</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008176600001000000♠"></span>176,600,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008182300000000000♠"></span>182,300,000</span> </td> <td style="background:black; color:white;">gpos</td> <td>100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>q </td> <td style="text-align:left">35.1</td> <td>10628</td> <td>10967</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008182300001000000♠"></span>182,300,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008186200000000000♠"></span>186,200,000</span> </td> <td style="background:white">gneg</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>q </td> <td style="text-align:left">35.2</td> <td>10967</td> <td>11170</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008186200001000000♠"></span>186,200,001</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008190214555000000♠"></span>190,214,555</span> </td> <td style="background:#d9d9d9">gpos</td> <td>25 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromosome_4&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CCDS-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CCDS_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CCDS_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?term=4%5BChr%5D%20AND%20%22Homo%20sapiens%22%5BOrganism%5D%20AND%20%28%22has%20ccds%22%5BProperties%5D%20AND%20alive%5Bprop%5D%29&cmd=DetailsSearch">"Search results - 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Last update 2014-03-04. Retrieved 2017-04-26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-550bphs-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-550bphs_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genome Decoration Page, NCBI. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/gdp/ideogram_9606_GCF_000001305.14_550_V1">Ideogram data for Homo sapience (550 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3)</a>. Last update 2015-08-11. Retrieved 2017-04-26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nomenclature2013-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nomenclature2013_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Standing_Committee_on_Human_Cytogenetic_Nomenclature2013" class="citation book cs1">International Standing Committee on Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lGCLrh0DIwEC"><i>ISCN 2013: An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (2013)</i></a>. Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-318-02253-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-318-02253-7"><bdi>978-3-318-02253-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ISCN+2013%3A+An+International+System+for+Human+Cytogenetic+Nomenclature+%282013%29&rft.pub=Karger+Medical+and+Scientific+Publishers&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-3-318-02253-7&rft.au=International+Standing+Committee+on+Human+Cytogenetic+Nomenclature&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlGCLrh0DIwEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChromosome+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SethakulvichaiManitpornsut2012-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SethakulvichaiManitpornsut2012_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSethakulvichaiManitpornsutWiboonratLilakiatsakun2012" class="citation book cs1">Sethakulvichai, W.; Manitpornsut, S.; Wiboonrat, M.; Lilakiatsakun, W.; Assawamakin, A.; Tongsima, S. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261304470">"Estimation of band level resolutions of human chromosome images"</a>. <i>2012 Ninth International Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (JCSSE)</i>. pp. 276–282. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FJCSSE.2012.6261965">10.1109/JCSSE.2012.6261965</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4673-1921-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4673-1921-8"><bdi>978-1-4673-1921-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:16666470">16666470</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+band+level+resolutions+of+human+chromosome+images&rft.btitle=2012+Ninth+International+Conference+on+Computer+Science+and+Software+Engineering+%28JCSSE%29&rft.pages=276-282&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A16666470%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FJCSSE.2012.6261965&rft.isbn=978-1-4673-1921-8&rft.aulast=Sethakulvichai&rft.aufirst=W.&rft.au=Manitpornsut%2C+S.&rft.au=Wiboonrat%2C+M.&rft.au=Lilakiatsakun%2C+W.&rft.au=Assawamakin%2C+A.&rft.au=Tongsima%2C+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F261304470&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChromosome+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genome Decoration Page, NCBI. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/gdp/ideogram_9606_GCF_000001305.14_850_V1">Ideogram data for Homo sapience (850 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3)</a>. Last update 2014-06-03. Retrieved 2017-04-26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<b>p</b>": Short arm; "<b>q</b>": Long arm.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For cytogenetic banding nomenclature, see article <a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">locus</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ISCN-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ISCN_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ISCN_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">These values (ISCN start/stop) are based on the length of bands/ideograms from the ISCN book, An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (2013). <a href="/wiki/Arbitrary_unit" title="Arbitrary unit">Arbitrary unit</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><b>gpos</b>: Region which is positively stained by <a href="/wiki/G_banding" title="G banding">G banding</a>, generally <a href="/wiki/GC-content" title="GC-content">AT-rich</a> and gene poor; <b>gneg</b>: Region which is negatively stained by G banding, generally <a href="/wiki/GC-content" title="GC-content">CG-rich</a> and gene rich; <b>acen</b> <a href="/wiki/Centromere" title="Centromere">Centromere</a>. <b>var</b>: Variable region; <b>stalk</b>: Stalk.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromosome_4&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldfrankSchoenbergerGilbert2003" class="citation journal cs1">Goldfrank D, Schoenberger E, Gilbert F (2003). "Disease genes and chromosomes: disease maps of the human genome. Chromosome 4". <i>Genet Test</i>. <b>7</b> (4): 351–72. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1089%2F109065703322783752">10.1089/109065703322783752</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15000816">15000816</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genet+Test&rft.atitle=Disease+genes+and+chromosomes%3A+disease+maps+of+the+human+genome.+Chromosome+4&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=351-72&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1089%2F109065703322783752&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15000816&rft.aulast=Goldfrank&rft.aufirst=D&rft.au=Schoenberger%2C+E&rft.au=Gilbert%2C+F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChromosome+4" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHillierGravesFultonFulton2005" class="citation journal cs1">Hillier LW, Graves TA, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, Pepin KH, Minx P, et al. (April 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature03466">"Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>434</b> (7034): 724–31. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005Natur.434..724H">2005Natur.434..724H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature03466">10.1038/nature03466</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15815621">15815621</a>.</cite><span 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id="CITEREFNational_Institutes_of_Health" class="citation web cs1">National Institutes of Health. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040803055736/http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/chromosome=4">"Chromosome 4"</a>. <i>Genetics Home Reference</i>. 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<li><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_3" title="Chromosome 3">3</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_5" title="Chromosome 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_6" title="Chromosome 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_7" title="Chromosome 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_8" title="Chromosome 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_9" title="Chromosome 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_10" title="Chromosome 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_11" title="Chromosome 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_12" title="Chromosome 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_13" title="Chromosome 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_14" title="Chromosome 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_15" title="Chromosome 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_16" title="Chromosome 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_17" title="Chromosome 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_18" title="Chromosome 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_19" title="Chromosome 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_20" title="Chromosome 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_21" title="Chromosome 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_22" title="Chromosome 22">22</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Allosome" class="mw-redirect" title="Allosome">Sex chromosome</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/X_chromosome" title="X chromosome">X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y_chromosome" title="Y chromosome">Y</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_DNA" title="Mitochondrial DNA">Mitochondrial genome</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Human_mitochondrial_genetics" title="Human mitochondrial genetics">Human mitochondrial DNA</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human genome</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_Genome_Project" title="Human Genome Project">Human Genome Project</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_human_genes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of human genes">List of human genes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeogenetics#Human_archaeology" title="Archaeogenetics">Human archaeology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cytogenetics:_chromosomes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chromosome_genetics" title="Template:Chromosome genetics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chromosome_genetics" title="Template talk:Chromosome genetics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chromosome_genetics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chromosome genetics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cytogenetics:_chromosomes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cytogenetics" title="Cytogenetics">Cytogenetics</a>: <a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">chromosomes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Basic<br />concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karyotype" title="Karyotype">Karyotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ploidy" title="Ploidy">Ploidy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">Genetic material</a>/<a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">Genome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromatin" title="Chromatin">Chromatin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Euchromatin" title="Euchromatin">Euchromatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterochromatin" title="Heterochromatin">Heterochromatin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chromosome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromatid" title="Chromatid">Chromatid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nucleosome" title="Nucleosome">Nucleosome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_organization" title="Nuclear organization">Nuclear organization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autosome" title="Autosome">Autosome</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sex-determination_system" title="Sex-determination system">Sex chromosome</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Sex_chromosome" title="Sex chromosome">allosome</a> or heterosome)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microchromosome" title="Microchromosome">Macrochromosome/Microchromosome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_bacterial_chromosome" class="mw-redirect" title="Circular bacterial chromosome">Circular chromosome</a>/<a href="/wiki/Linear_chromosome" title="Linear chromosome">Linear chromosome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aneuploidy" title="Aneuploidy">Extra chromosome</a> (or accessory chromosome)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_supernumerary_marker_chromosome" title="Small supernumerary marker chromosome">Supernumerary chromosome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B_chromosome" title="B chromosome">A chromosome/B chromosome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampbrush_chromosome" title="Lampbrush chromosome">Lampbrush chromosome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytene_chromosome" title="Polytene chromosome">Polytene chromosome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinokaryon" title="Dinokaryon">Dinoflagellate chromosomes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homologous_chromosome" title="Homologous chromosome">Homologous chromosome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isochromosome" title="Isochromosome">Isochromosome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_chromosome" title="Satellite chromosome">Satellite chromosome</a></li> <li><i>Centromere position</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centromere#Metacentric" title="Centromere">Metacentric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submetacentric" class="mw-redirect" title="Submetacentric">Submetacentric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telocentric" class="mw-redirect" title="Telocentric">Telocentric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acrocentric" class="mw-redirect" title="Acrocentric">Acrocentric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocentric_chromosome" title="Holocentric chromosome">Holocentric</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Centromere number</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acentric_fragment" title="Acentric fragment">Acentric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monocentric" class="mw-redirect" title="Monocentric">Monocentric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicentric_chromosome" title="Dicentric chromosome">Dicentric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycentric_chromosome" title="Polycentric chromosome">Polycentric</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes<br />and evolution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitosis" title="Mitosis">Mitosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meiosis" title="Meiosis">Meiosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_abnormality#Structural_abnormalities" title="Chromosome abnormality">Structural alterations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromosomal_inversion" title="Chromosomal inversion">Chromosomal inversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromosomal_translocation" title="Chromosomal translocation">Chromosomal translocation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_abnormality#Numerical_disorders" title="Chromosome abnormality">Numerical alterations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aneuploidy" title="Aneuploidy">Aneuploidy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ploidy" title="Ploidy">Euploidy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyploidy" title="Polyploidy">Polyploidy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleopolyploidy" title="Paleopolyploidy">Paleopolyploidy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyploidization" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyploidization">Polyploidization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telomere" title="Telomere">Telomere</a>: <a href="/wiki/Telomere-binding_protein" title="Telomere-binding protein">Telomere-binding protein</a> (<a href="/wiki/TINF2" title="TINF2">TINF2</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protamine" title="Protamine">Protamine</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Histone" title="Histone">Histone</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Histone_H1" title="Histone H1">H1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histone_H2A" title="Histone H2A">H2A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histone_H2B" title="Histone H2B">H2B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histone_H3" title="Histone H3">H3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histone_H4" title="Histone H4">H4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Centromere" title="Centromere">Centromere</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CENPA" title="CENPA">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centromere_protein_B" title="Centromere protein B">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CENPC1" title="CENPC1">C1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CENPC2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CENPC2 (page does not exist)">C2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centromere_protein_E" title="Centromere protein E">E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CENPF" title="CENPF">F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CENPH" title="CENPH">H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CENPI" title="CENPI">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CENPJ" title="CENPJ">J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CENPK" title="CENPK">K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CENPM" title="CENPM">M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CENPN" title="CENPN">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CENPO" title="CENPO">O</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CENPP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CENPP (page does not exist)">P</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CENPQ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CENPQ (page does not exist)">Q</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CENPT" title="CENPT">T</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extrachromosomal_DNA" title="Extrachromosomal DNA">Extrachromosomal DNA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plasmid" title="Plasmid">Plasmid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_organisms_by_chromosome_count" title="List of organisms by chromosome count">List of organisms by chromosome count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sequenced_eukaryotic_genomes" title="List of sequenced eukaryotic genomes">List of sequenced genomes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_System_for_Human_Cytogenetic_Nomenclature" class="mw-redirect" title="International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature">International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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