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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF" title="হুগো জিন নামকরণ কমিটি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হুগো জিন নামকরণ কমিটি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/HUGO_Gene_Nomenclature_Committee" title="HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/HUGO_komitet_za_gensku_nomenklaturu" title="HUGO komitet za gensku nomenklaturu – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="HUGO komitet za gensku nomenklaturu" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/HUGO_Gene_Nomenclature_Committee" title="HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/HUGO-Gen-Nomenklatur-Komitee" title="HUGO-Gen-Nomenklatur-Komitee – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="HUGO-Gen-Nomenklatur-Komitee" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/HGNC" title="HGNC – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="HGNC" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/HGNC" title="HGNC – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="HGNC" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%87_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%98%D9%86_%D9%87%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%88" title="کمیته نام‌گذاری ژن هوگو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کمیته نام‌گذاری ژن هوگو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/HGNC" title="HGNC – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="HGNC" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/HUGO_Gene_Nomenclature_Committee" title="HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/HGNC" title="HGNC – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="HGNC" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Committee for human gene name standards</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:"><caption class="infobox-title summary">HGNC</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HUGO_Gene_Nomenclature_Committee_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/dd/HUGO_Gene_Nomenclature_Committee_logo.png" decoding="async" width="181" height="100" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="181" data-file-height="100" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lavender">Content</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Description</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>HGNC</b> is responsible for approving unique symbols and names for human loci, including protein coding genes, RNA genes and pseudogenes, to allow unambiguous scientific communication.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Data types<br />captured</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gene_nomenclature" title="Gene nomenclature">Gene nomenclature</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Organism" title="Organism">Organisms</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Human</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lavender">Contact</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Research_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Research center">Research center</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/European_Bioinformatics_Institute" title="European Bioinformatics Institute">EMBL-EBI</a>, UK;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Primary citation</th><td class="infobox-data">Braschi et al. (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-pmid30304474_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid30304474-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lavender">Access</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.genenames.org">www<wbr />.genenames<wbr />.org</a></span><br /><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.genenames.org/news">www<wbr />.genenames<wbr />.org<wbr />/news</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Download URL</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/download/statistics-and-files/">Statistics & Downloads</a></span><br /><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/download/custom/">Custom Downloads</a></span><br /><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biomart.genenames.org/">HGNC Biomart</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Web_service" title="Web service">Web service</a> URL</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rest.genenames.org">rest<wbr />.genenames<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lavender">Tools</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Web_application" title="Web application">Web</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/tools/hcop/">HGNC Comparison of Orthology Predictions</a></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/tools/search/">Search</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lavender">Miscellaneous</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Curation policy</th><td class="infobox-data">Yes</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee</b> (<b>HGNC</b>) is a committee of the <a href="/wiki/Human_Genome_Organisation" title="Human Genome Organisation">Human Genome Organisation</a> (HUGO) that sets the <a href="/wiki/Standardization" title="Standardization">standards</a> for human <a href="/wiki/Gene_nomenclature" title="Gene nomenclature">gene nomenclature</a>. The HGNC approves a <i>unique</i> and <i>meaningful</i> name for every known human <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">gene</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bruford_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bruford-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> based on a query of experts. In addition to the name, which is usually 1 to 10 words long, the HGNC also assigns a symbol (a short group of characters) to every gene. As with an <a href="/wiki/International_System_of_Units" title="International System of Units">SI</a> symbol, a gene symbol is like an abbreviation but is more than that, being a second unique name that can stand on its own just as much as substitute for the longer name. It may not necessarily "stand for" the initials of the name, although many gene symbols do reflect that origin. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Purpose">Purpose</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HUGO_Gene_Nomenclature_Committee&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Purpose"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Full gene names, and especially gene abbreviations and symbols, are often not specific to a single gene. A marked example is CAP which can refer to any of 6 different genes (<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/data/hgnc_data.php?hgnc_id=13575">BRD4</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131027084955/http://www.genenames.org/data/hgnc_data.php?hgnc_id=13575">Archived</a> 2013-10-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/data/hgnc_data.php?hgnc_id=20040">CAP1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131102135041/http://www.genenames.org/data/hgnc_data.php?hgnc_id=20040">Archived</a> 2013-11-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/data/hgnc_data.php?hgnc_id=9639">HACD1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131007140055/http://www.genenames.org/data/hgnc_data.php?hgnc_id=9639">Archived</a> 2013-10-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/data/hgnc_data.php?hgnc_id=6656">LNPEP</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120913231946/http://www.genenames.org/data/hgnc_data.php?hgnc_id=6656">Archived</a> 2012-09-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/data/hgnc_data.php?hgnc_id=8950">SERPINB6</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131008024537/http://www.genenames.org/data/hgnc_data.php?hgnc_id=8950">Archived</a> 2013-10-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, and <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/data/hgnc_data.php?hgnc_id=14565">SORBS1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121012033246/http://www.genenames.org/data/hgnc_data.php?hgnc_id=14565">Archived</a> 2012-10-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>). </p><p>The HGNC short gene names, or gene symbols, unlike previously used or published symbols, are specifically assigned to one gene only. This can result in less common abbreviations being selected but reduces confusion as to which gene is referred to. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naming_guidelines">Naming guidelines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HUGO_Gene_Nomenclature_Committee&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Naming guidelines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The HGNC published its latest human gene naming guidelines in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-bruford_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bruford-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These may be summarized as:<sup id="cite_ref-guidelines_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guidelines-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><i>gene symbols must be unique</i></li> <li>symbols should only contain <a href="/wiki/Latin_letters" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin letters">Latin letters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arabic_numerals" title="Arabic numerals">Arabic numerals</a></li> <li>symbols should not contain <a href="/wiki/Punctuation" title="Punctuation">punctuation</a> or "G" for gene</li> <li>symbols do not contain any reference to the <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> they are encoded in, i.e. "H/h" for human</li></ol> <p>The HGNC states that "gene nomenclature should <i>evolve with new technology</i> rather than be restrictive, as sometimes occurs when historical and single gene nomenclature systems are applied."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The HGNC has also issued guides to specific locus types such as endogenous retroviral loci,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> structural variants<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and non-coding RNAs.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naming_procedure">Naming procedure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HUGO_Gene_Nomenclature_Committee&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Naming procedure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When assigning new gene nomenclature the HGNC make efforts to contact authors who have published on the human gene in question by email, and their responses to the proposed nomenclature are requested. HGNC also coordinates with the related Mouse and Rat Genomic Nomenclature Committees, other database curators, and experts for given specific gene families or sets of genes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Revision">Revision</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HUGO_Gene_Nomenclature_Committee&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Revision"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The gene name revision procedure is similar to the naming procedure, but changing a standardized gene name after establishment of a consensus can create confusion, therefore the merit of this is controversial. For this reason the HGNC aims to change a gene name only if agreement for that change can be reached among a majority of researchers working on that gene. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HUGO_Gene_Nomenclature_Committee&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_Genome_Organisation" title="Human Genome Organisation">Human Genome Organisation</a> (HUGO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Genome_Project" title="Human Genome Project">Human Genome Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human genome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">Gene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_nomenclature" title="Gene nomenclature">Gene nomenclature</a></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p>A complete list of all HGNC-approved gene symbols for protein-coding genes: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_human_protein-coding_genes_1" title="List of human protein-coding genes 1">List of human protein-coding genes 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_human_protein-coding_genes_2" title="List of human protein-coding genes 2">List of human protein-coding genes 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_human_protein-coding_genes_3" title="List of human protein-coding genes 3">List of human protein-coding genes 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_human_protein-coding_genes_4" title="List of human protein-coding genes 4">List of human protein-coding genes 4</a></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HUGO_Gene_Nomenclature_Committee&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-pmid30304474-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid30304474_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4021045">4021045</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24716852">24716852</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Genomics&rft.atitle=A+short+guide+to+long+non-coding+RNA+gene+nomenclature&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=7&rft.date=2014-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4021045%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24716852&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1479-7364-8-7&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=MW&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4021045&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHUGO+Gene+Nomenclature+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSealChenGriffiths-JonesLowe2020" class="citation journal cs1">Seal R, Chen L, Griffiths-Jones S, Lowe TM, Mathews MB, O'Reilly D, Pierce AJ, Stadler PF, Ulitsky I, Wolin SL, Bruford EA (Feb 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7073466">"A guide to naming human non-coding RNA genes"</a>. <i>EMBO J</i>. <b>39</b> (6): e103777. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15252%2Fembj.2019103777">10.15252/embj.2019103777</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7073466">7073466</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32090359">32090359</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EMBO+J&rft.atitle=A+guide+to+naming+human+non-coding+RNA+genes&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=e103777&rft.date=2020-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7073466%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32090359&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15252%2Fembj.2019103777&rft.aulast=Seal&rft.aufirst=R&rft.au=Chen%2C+L&rft.au=Griffiths-Jones%2C+S&rft.au=Lowe%2C+TM&rft.au=Mathews%2C+MB&rft.au=O%27Reilly%2C+D&rft.au=Pierce%2C+AJ&rft.au=Stadler%2C+PF&rft.au=Ulitsky%2C+I&rft.au=Wolin%2C+SL&rft.au=Bruford%2C+EA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7073466&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHUGO+Gene+Nomenclature+Committee" 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