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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Celtic History</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">7,889 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Celtic History</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Celtic_History">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40205886" data-work_id="40205886" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40205886/The_Celtic_Theology_of_Devotion">The Celtic Theology of Devotion</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Druid referenced by Julius Caesar in his Gallic War Commentaries went by the name of Diviciacus. This name was more of a title, a job description if you wish than a true personal name. Indeed, Diviciacus was the Latinized form of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40205886" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Druid referenced by Julius Caesar in his Gallic War Commentaries went by the name of Diviciacus. This name was more of a title, a job description if you wish than a true personal name. Indeed, Diviciacus was the Latinized form of Deiuiciacos which meant “theologian;” theology being deiuiciacto in Old Gallic. Sadly, Caesar gives us little mention of what school of theology Diviciacus did profess to.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40205886" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8b816ca8b229c412fbce3272e44f8f82" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60431913,"asset_id":40205886,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60431913/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3820703" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MichelG%C3%A9raldBoutet">Michel Gérald Boutet</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3820703" type="text/json">{"id":3820703,"first_name":"Michel Gérald","last_name":"Boutet","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MichelGéraldBoutet","display_name":"Michel Gérald Boutet","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichelG%C3%A9raldBoutet?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3820703/1394290/1714942/s65_michel_g_rald.boutet.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40205886 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40205886"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40205886, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40205886", }); 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Mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Mythology?f_ri=17370"},{"id":524526,"name":"Celtology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtology?f_ri=17370"},{"id":939217,"name":"Ancient Celtic Faith","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Celtic_Faith?f_ri=17370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41095843" data-work_id="41095843" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41095843/Theology_of_the_Four_Masters_The_Four_Primordial_Druids_in_Celtic_Myths">Theology of the Four Masters The Four Primordial Druids in Celtic Myths</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The following is an exploration into the structure of the Monist theology and cosmological philosophy of the ancient Celtic Druids, focusing especially on the four lines attributed to the Four Masters. Again, for this endeavor, is the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41095843" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The following is an exploration into the structure of the Monist theology and cosmological philosophy of the ancient Celtic Druids, focusing especially on the four lines attributed to the Four Masters. Again, for this endeavor, is the need to gather the Celtic material and compare it to the related Indo-European data. Whilst the focus on the foundational mythological theme of the four primordial master poet teachers found in the many Indo-European traditions comparable to those of the Celts. Much of the material gathered here consists mainly of French documents and letters which I had collected over the decades and which needed a translation. The main sources for this study consist of Celtic scholars which I was in contact with. These were the distinguished linguist Joseph Monard, and Serj Pinault, artist and contributing author of Ialon-Clairière, the Celtic and druidical studies bulletin based in Britany, France.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41095843" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cff8d59aaf94dc711c8cbef122805ef4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61730718,"asset_id":41095843,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61730718/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3820703" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MichelG%C3%A9raldBoutet">Michel Gérald Boutet</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3820703" type="text/json">{"id":3820703,"first_name":"Michel Gérald","last_name":"Boutet","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MichelGéraldBoutet","display_name":"Michel Gérald Boutet","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichelG%C3%A9raldBoutet?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3820703/1394290/1714942/s65_michel_g_rald.boutet.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41095843 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41095843"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41095843, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41095843", }); 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Again, for this endeavor, is the need to gather the Celtic material and compare it to the related Indo-European data. Whilst the focus on the foundational mythological theme of the four primordial master poet teachers found in the many Indo-European traditions comparable to those of the Celts. Much of the material gathered here consists mainly of French documents and letters which I had collected over the decades and which needed a translation. The main sources for this study consist of Celtic scholars which I was in contact with. These were the distinguished linguist Joseph Monard, and Serj Pinault, artist and contributing author of Ialon-Clairière, the Celtic and druidical studies bulletin based in Britany, France.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61730718,"asset_id":41095843,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3820703,"first_name":"Michel Gérald","last_name":"Boutet","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MichelGéraldBoutet","display_name":"Michel Gérald Boutet","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichelG%C3%A9raldBoutet?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3820703/1394290/1714942/s65_michel_g_rald.boutet.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5237,"name":"Indo-European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":17370,"name":"Celtic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":45848,"name":"Celtic Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Art?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":49050,"name":"Romano-Celtic Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Romano-Celtic_Religion?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":49536,"name":"Celtic numismatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_numismatics?f_ri=17370"},{"id":134619,"name":"Celtic Mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Mythology?f_ri=17370"},{"id":271729,"name":"Ancient Celtic Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Celtic_Religion?f_ri=17370"},{"id":417976,"name":"Indo-European Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Religion?f_ri=17370"},{"id":939217,"name":"Ancient Celtic Faith","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Celtic_Faith?f_ri=17370"},{"id":1011511,"name":"Irish and Celtic Mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irish_and_Celtic_Mythology?f_ri=17370"},{"id":1359178,"name":"Celtic Astronomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Astronomy?f_ri=17370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_273595" data-work_id="273595" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/273595/Celticism_Celtitude_and_Celticity_the_consumption_of_the_past_in_the_age_of_globalization">Celticism, Celtitude, and Celticity: the consumption of the past in the age of globalization.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share 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Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17370" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History">Celtic History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17370" type="text/json">{"id":17370,"name":"Celtic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17371" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Archaeology">Celtic Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17371" type="text/json">{"id":17371,"name":"Celtic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Archaeology?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="31548" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Music">Celtic Music</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="31548" 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u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37411711/2017_Keltove_M%C3%BDtus_a_realita">2017 Keltove, Mýtus a realita.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Czech translation of Die Kelten, 3rd. ed. 2012</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37411711" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="54e7a77a21052e0c195e5fd907091fed" rel="nofollow" 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type="text/json">{"id":3178,"name":"Celtic Philology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Philology?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17370" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History">Celtic History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17370" type="text/json">{"id":17370,"name":"Celtic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40381" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_religion">Celtic religion</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="40381" type="text/json">{"id":40381,"name":"Celtic religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_religion?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37411711]'), work: {"id":37411711,"title":"2017 Keltove, 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History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":40381,"name":"Celtic religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_religion?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":42889,"name":"Celtic Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Languages?f_ri=17370"},{"id":134619,"name":"Celtic Mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Mythology?f_ri=17370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42950058" data-work_id="42950058" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42950058/MASTERS_DEGREE_CELTIC_LANGUAGES_AND_CULTURES_IN_CONTACT_universit%C3%A9_de_Bretagne_Occidentale_Brest_France_">MASTER'S DEGREE CELTIC LANGUAGES AND CULTURES IN CONTACT - université de Bretagne Occidentale (Brest, France)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Brochure descriptive du Master international "Langues et cultures celtiques en contact" / "Celtic Languages and Cultures in Contact" - Mention "Langues et sociétés" proposé à l'université de Bretagne Occidentale (Brest). Deux options... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42950058" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Brochure descriptive du Master international "Langues et cultures celtiques en contact" / "Celtic Languages and Cultures in Contact" - Mention "Langues et sociétés" proposé à l'université de Bretagne Occidentale (Brest). <br />Deux options sont proposées: <br />- Celtique médiéval : apprentissage notamment du moyen-gallois, moyen-breton et vieil irlandais couplé à celui de l'ancien français et/ou du latin médiéval <br />- Celtique moderne: apprentissage notamment du breton, du gallois et de l'irlandais modernes</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" 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InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="41414967" href="https://univ-brest.academia.edu/H%C3%A9l%C3%A8neBouget">Hélène Bouget</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="41414967" type="text/json">{"id":41414967,"first_name":"Hélène","last_name":"Bouget","domain_name":"univ-brest","page_name":"HélèneBouget","display_name":"Hélène Bouget","profile_url":"https://univ-brest.academia.edu/H%C3%A9l%C3%A8neBouget?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/41414967/11278085/12582977/s65_h_l_ne.bouget.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42950058 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42950058"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new 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type="text/json">{"id":1392,"name":"Celtic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4839" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arthurian_Studies">Arthurian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4839" type="text/json">{"id":4839,"name":"Arthurian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arthurian_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6672" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Linguistics">Celtic Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6672" type="text/json">{"id":6672,"name":"Celtic Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Linguistics?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9286" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Wales">Medieval Wales</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9286" type="text/json">{"id":9286,"name":"Medieval Wales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Wales?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42950058]'), work: {"id":42950058,"title":"MASTER'S DEGREE CELTIC LANGUAGES AND CULTURES IN CONTACT - université de Bretagne Occidentale (Brest, France)","created_at":"2020-05-05T07:40:53.358-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42950058/MASTERS_DEGREE_CELTIC_LANGUAGES_AND_CULTURES_IN_CONTACT_universit%C3%A9_de_Bretagne_Occidentale_Brest_France_?f_ri=17370","dom_id":"work_42950058","summary":"Brochure descriptive du Master international \"Langues et cultures celtiques en contact\" / \"Celtic Languages and Cultures in Contact\" - Mention \"Langues et sociétés\" proposé à l'université de Bretagne Occidentale (Brest). \r\nDeux options sont proposées:\r\n- Celtique médiéval : apprentissage notamment du moyen-gallois, moyen-breton et vieil irlandais couplé à celui de l'ancien français et/ou du latin médiéval\r\n- Celtique moderne: apprentissage notamment du breton, du gallois et de l'irlandais modernes\r\n\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63205277,"asset_id":42950058,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":41414967,"first_name":"Hélène","last_name":"Bouget","domain_name":"univ-brest","page_name":"HélèneBouget","display_name":"Hélène Bouget","profile_url":"https://univ-brest.academia.edu/H%C3%A9l%C3%A8neBouget?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/41414967/11278085/12582977/s65_h_l_ne.bouget.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1392,"name":"Celtic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":4839,"name":"Arthurian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arthurian_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":6672,"name":"Celtic Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Linguistics?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":9286,"name":"Medieval Wales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Wales?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":17370,"name":"Celtic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History?f_ri=17370"},{"id":29842,"name":"Ireland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ireland?f_ri=17370"},{"id":96273,"name":"Wales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wales?f_ri=17370"},{"id":97332,"name":"Early and Medieval Irish, Irish History, Irish Literature, Medieval Literature, Medieval Studies, Celtic Studies, Irish 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href="https://www.academia.edu/36475858/Appians_%CE%9A%CE%B5%CE%BB%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_Einleitung_Text_%C3%9Cbersetzung_und_Kommentar">Appians Κελτική. Einleitung, Text, Übersetzung und Kommentar</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Appians Keltiké, das vierte Buch seiner vierundzwanzig Bücher umfassenden Römischen Geschichte, behandelt die kriegerischen Auseinandersetzungen zwischen Römern und Kelten, beginnend mit dem von Brennus geführten Angriff auf Rom bis hin... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36475858" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Appians Keltiké, das vierte Buch seiner vierundzwanzig Bücher umfassenden Römischen Geschichte, behandelt die kriegerischen Auseinandersetzungen zwischen Römern und Kelten, beginnend mit dem von Brennus geführten Angriff auf Rom bis hin zur Eroberung Galliens durch Caesar. Die Keltiké, obgleich nur bruchstückhaft erhalten, stellt eine wertvolle Quelle für die Geschichte der Kelten sowie der römischen Republik dar, denn sie bietet eine Reihe von Informationen, die entweder sonst nirgends belegt sind oder die sich deutlich von den bei anderen Autoren überlieferten Traditionen unterscheiden, da Appian für seine Darstellung auf heute weitgehend verlorene Historiker zurückgegriffen hat. Um so verwunderlicher ist es, daß bislang noch kein Kommentar zur Keltiké veröffentlicht wurde. Dieses Defizit will die vorliegende Publikation beheben: Nach einer kurzen Einleitung folgt der eigentliche Kommentar, in dem zunächst von jedem Fragment der Originaltext und eine Übersetzung geboten wird. Daran schließt sich eine Analyse, die die einzelnen Zeugnisse in möglichst umfassender Weise auswertet. Dabei wird nicht nur die Überlieferung für jedes Fragment diskutiert, wozu die Eigenheiten und die Arbeitsweise der verschiedenen byzantinischen Exzerptoren genauestens untersucht wurden, sondern auch die sehr kontrovers verhandelte Quellenfrage. Ferner wird der historische Zusammenhang, in den das jeweilige Bruchstück gehört, vorgestellt, wofür die gesamte antike Parallelüberlieferung herangezogen werden mußte. Die Übereinstimmungen wie auch die Abweichungen zur übrigen literarischen Evidenz wurden herausgearbeitet, um Appians Position innerhalb der historiographischen Traditionen besser bestimmen zu können. Schließlich wurden mehrfach Überlegungen zum Inhalt der verlorenen Teile der Keltiké angestellt. Der vorliegende Kommentar erfüllt zunächst ein Desiderat der Appianforschung, indem er eine Lücke in der wissenschaftlichen Aufarbeitung dieses Autors schließt. Aber auch die Forschung zur römischen Republik und den antiken Kelten kann von der Arbeit profitieren, mit der eine wenig beachtete Quelle erstmals gründlich erschlossen wird.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36475858" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f32b49416b40ff9fd4db7e481ba9b903" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":104142760,"asset_id":36475858,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/104142760/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="710697" href="https://sbg.academia.edu/AndreasHofeneder">Andreas Hofeneder</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="710697" type="text/json">{"id":710697,"first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Hofeneder","domain_name":"sbg","page_name":"AndreasHofeneder","display_name":"Andreas Hofeneder","profile_url":"https://sbg.academia.edu/AndreasHofeneder?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/710697/240675/20005315/s65_andreas.hofeneder.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36475858 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36475858"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36475858, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36475858", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36475858]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36475858").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36475858").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36475858"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History">Ancient History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130" type="text/json">{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="829" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History">Roman History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="829" type="text/json">{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36475858]'), work: {"id":36475858,"title":"Appians Κελτική. Einleitung, Text, Übersetzung und Kommentar","created_at":"2018-04-23T03:18:02.191-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36475858/Appians_%CE%9A%CE%B5%CE%BB%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_Einleitung_Text_%C3%9Cbersetzung_und_Kommentar?f_ri=17370","dom_id":"work_36475858","summary":"Appians Keltiké, das vierte Buch seiner vierundzwanzig Bücher umfassenden Römischen Geschichte, behandelt die kriegerischen Auseinandersetzungen zwischen Römern und Kelten, beginnend mit dem von Brennus geführten Angriff auf Rom bis hin zur Eroberung Galliens durch Caesar. Die Keltiké, obgleich nur bruchstückhaft erhalten, stellt eine wertvolle Quelle für die Geschichte der Kelten sowie der römischen Republik dar, denn sie bietet eine Reihe von Informationen, die entweder sonst nirgends belegt sind oder die sich deutlich von den bei anderen Autoren überlieferten Traditionen unterscheiden, da Appian für seine Darstellung auf heute weitgehend verlorene Historiker zurückgegriffen hat. Um so verwunderlicher ist es, daß bislang noch kein Kommentar zur Keltiké veröffentlicht wurde. Dieses Defizit will die vorliegende Publikation beheben: Nach einer kurzen Einleitung folgt der eigentliche Kommentar, in dem zunächst von jedem Fragment der Originaltext und eine Übersetzung geboten wird. Daran schließt sich eine Analyse, die die einzelnen Zeugnisse in möglichst umfassender Weise auswertet. Dabei wird nicht nur die Überlieferung für jedes Fragment diskutiert, wozu die Eigenheiten und die Arbeitsweise der verschiedenen byzantinischen Exzerptoren genauestens untersucht wurden, sondern auch die sehr kontrovers verhandelte Quellenfrage. Ferner wird der historische Zusammenhang, in den das jeweilige Bruchstück gehört, vorgestellt, wofür die gesamte antike Parallelüberlieferung herangezogen werden mußte. Die Übereinstimmungen wie auch die Abweichungen zur übrigen literarischen Evidenz wurden herausgearbeitet, um Appians Position innerhalb der historiographischen Traditionen besser bestimmen zu können. Schließlich wurden mehrfach Überlegungen zum Inhalt der verlorenen Teile der Keltiké angestellt. Der vorliegende Kommentar erfüllt zunächst ein Desiderat der Appianforschung, indem er eine Lücke in der wissenschaftlichen Aufarbeitung dieses Autors schließt. Aber auch die Forschung zur römischen Republik und den antiken Kelten kann von der Arbeit profitieren, mit der eine wenig beachtete Quelle erstmals gründlich erschlossen wird.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":104142760,"asset_id":36475858,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":710697,"first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Hofeneder","domain_name":"sbg","page_name":"AndreasHofeneder","display_name":"Andreas Hofeneder","profile_url":"https://sbg.academia.edu/AndreasHofeneder?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/710697/240675/20005315/s65_andreas.hofeneder.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":130,"name":"Ancient 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Alexandria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Appian_of_Alexandria?f_ri=17370"},{"id":1106815,"name":"Caius Iulius Caesar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caius_Iulius_Caesar?f_ri=17370"},{"id":1456591,"name":"Suda - Suidas - Souda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Suda_-_Suidas_-_Souda?f_ri=17370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7267532" data-work_id="7267532" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7267532/Critical_Film_Review_Water_Horse_Legend_of_the_Deep">Critical Film Review-Water Horse: Legend of the Deep</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div 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Braslun o hanes cynnar llenyddiaethau Celteg eu hiaith</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31876984" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="249b7ba13ed33df35e2ca5b281c4a952" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":119392510,"asset_id":31876984,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119392510/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4255307" href="https://uni-leipzig.academia.edu/SabineAsmus">Prof. Dr. habil. habil. 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ISBN 978-80-7387-233-5 Drazí kolegové, tato kniha je umístěna kvůli jejímu mimořádnému významu a její špatné dostupnosti vědcům a studentům. Naléhavě Vás... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42018581" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Kniha byla vydána v Praze roku 2009 / The book was published in Prague 2009. <br /><br />ISBN 978-80-7387-233-5<br /><br />Drazí kolegové, tato kniha je umístěna kvůli jejímu  mimořádnému významu  a její špatné dostupnosti  vědcům a studentům. Naléhavě Vás prosíme, abyste respektovali autorská práva autora a vydavatele. Děkujeme --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dear colleagues, this book is placed because of its importance in understanding and its poor availability to foreign scientists and students. We urge you to respect the copyrights of author and publishers. Thank you.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42018581" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="50b292cc855c7f3dfa3043f80f92c679" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62143560,"asset_id":42018581,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62143560/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33193008" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DigitallibraryUzhgorod">Digital library Bohemia</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33193008" type="text/json">{"id":33193008,"first_name":"Digital library","last_name":"Bohemia","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DigitallibraryUzhgorod","display_name":"Digital library Bohemia","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DigitallibraryUzhgorod?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33193008/9845331/15730588/s65_digital_library.uzhgorod.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42018581 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42018581"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42018581, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42018581", }); 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Naléhavě Vás prosíme, abyste respektovali autorská práva autora a vydavatele. Děkujeme --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dear colleagues, this book is placed because of its importance in understanding and its poor availability to foreign scientists and students. We urge you to respect the copyrights of author and publishers. Thank you.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62143560,"asset_id":42018581,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33193008,"first_name":"Digital library","last_name":"Bohemia","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DigitallibraryUzhgorod","display_name":"Digital library Bohemia","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DigitallibraryUzhgorod?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33193008/9845331/15730588/s65_digital_library.uzhgorod.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":1392,"name":"Celtic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":17370,"name":"Celtic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":17371,"name":"Celtic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Archaeology?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":26999,"name":"Late Iron Age (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Iron_Age_Archaeology_?f_ri=17370"},{"id":31087,"name":"Iron Age (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron_Age_Archaeology_?f_ri=17370"},{"id":31752,"name":"Archeologia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archeologia?f_ri=17370"},{"id":40381,"name":"Celtic religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_religion?f_ri=17370"},{"id":42197,"name":"Iron Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron_Age?f_ri=17370"},{"id":45848,"name":"Celtic Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Art?f_ri=17370"},{"id":49536,"name":"Celtic numismatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_numismatics?f_ri=17370"},{"id":50447,"name":"Arheology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arheology?f_ri=17370"},{"id":95634,"name":"Archeologie","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archeologie?f_ri=17370"},{"id":103557,"name":"Archéologie","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arch%C3%A9ologie?f_ri=17370"},{"id":136063,"name":"La Tene Period in Middle Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/La_Tene_Period_in_Middle_Europe?f_ri=17370"},{"id":147003,"name":"La Tene culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/La_Tene_culture?f_ri=17370"},{"id":254267,"name":"Arheologija","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arheologija?f_ri=17370"},{"id":951143,"name":"Archeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archeology?f_ri=17370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37269615" data-work_id="37269615" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37269615/Prayers_from_the_Ancient_Celtic_Church">Prayers from the Ancient Celtic Church</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Prayers from the Ancient Celtic Church is a collection of prayers from the time of Patrick (d. ca. 460-493) to the Synod of Whitby (664), and also from the Celtic Christian tradition that remained after Whitby. A few of the prayers in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37269615" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Prayers from the Ancient Celtic Church is a collection of prayers from the time of Patrick (d. ca. 460-493) to the Synod of Whitby (664), and also from the Celtic Christian tradition that remained after Whitby. A few of the prayers in this book may be familiar from their appearance in other prayer books. Some may be appearing in English for the first time. All prayers (with one exception) are rendered or revised into contemporary English with the hopes that they will be useful in private and corporate worship.<br /><br />Includes prayers from The Antiphonary of Bangor, The Lorrha-Stowe Missal, The Book of Cerne, The Book of Dimma, St. Patrick, St. Columba and many other sources… some available in English for the first time.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37269615" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5718b1273325fed374ab6847598af608" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57223677,"asset_id":37269615,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57223677/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="46724227" href="https://wels.academia.edu/PaulStratman">Paul C Stratman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="46724227" type="text/json">{"id":46724227,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Stratman","domain_name":"wels","page_name":"PaulStratman","display_name":"Paul C Stratman","profile_url":"https://wels.academia.edu/PaulStratman?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/13bce2d379fa4898ca6578020ed82373?s=65"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37269615 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37269615"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37269615, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37269615", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37269615]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37269615").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37269615").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37269615"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="386" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irish_Studies">Irish Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="386" type="text/json">{"id":386,"name":"Irish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irish_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies">Celtic Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1392" type="text/json">{"id":1392,"name":"Celtic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1394" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irish_Literature">Irish Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1394" type="text/json">{"id":1394,"name":"Irish Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irish_Literature?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9681" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Irish_Language_and_Literature">Old Irish Language and Literature</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9681" type="text/json">{"id":9681,"name":"Old Irish Language and Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Irish_Language_and_Literature?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37269615]'), work: {"id":37269615,"title":"Prayers from the Ancient Celtic Church","created_at":"2018-08-21T05:44:43.402-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37269615/Prayers_from_the_Ancient_Celtic_Church?f_ri=17370","dom_id":"work_37269615","summary":"Prayers from the Ancient Celtic Church is a collection of prayers from the time of Patrick (d. ca. 460-493) to the Synod of Whitby (664), and also from the Celtic Christian tradition that remained after Whitby. A few of the prayers in this book may be familiar from their appearance in other prayer books. Some may be appearing in English for the first time. All prayers (with one exception) are rendered or revised into contemporary English with the hopes that they will be useful in private and corporate worship.\n\nIncludes prayers from The Antiphonary of Bangor, The Lorrha-Stowe Missal, The Book of Cerne, The Book of Dimma, St. Patrick, St. Columba and many other sources… some available in English for the first time.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57223677,"asset_id":37269615,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":46724227,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Stratman","domain_name":"wels","page_name":"PaulStratman","display_name":"Paul C Stratman","profile_url":"https://wels.academia.edu/PaulStratman?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/13bce2d379fa4898ca6578020ed82373?s=65"}],"research_interests":[{"id":386,"name":"Irish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irish_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":1392,"name":"Celtic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":1394,"name":"Irish Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irish_Literature?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":9681,"name":"Old Irish Language and Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Irish_Language_and_Literature?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":10690,"name":"Irish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irish_History?f_ri=17370"},{"id":17370,"name":"Celtic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History?f_ri=17370"},{"id":29000,"name":"Celtic studies (Medieval Studies)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_studies_Medieval_Studies_?f_ri=17370"},{"id":82271,"name":"Celts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celts?f_ri=17370"},{"id":97332,"name":"Early and Medieval Irish, Irish History, Irish Literature, Medieval Literature, Medieval Studies, Celtic Studies, Irish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_and_Medieval_Irish_Irish_History_Irish_Literature_Medieval_Literature_Medieval_Studies_Ce?f_ri=17370"},{"id":102034,"name":"Ancient Celts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Celts?f_ri=17370"},{"id":102202,"name":"Celtic Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Christianity?f_ri=17370"},{"id":606931,"name":"Late Celtic and Early Roman transition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Celtic_and_Early_Roman_transition?f_ri=17370"},{"id":823071,"name":"Irish Medieval Church","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irish_Medieval_Church?f_ri=17370"},{"id":1211413,"name":"Irish Church Hstory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irish_Church_Hstory?f_ri=17370"},{"id":1538780,"name":"St. Patrick of Ireland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/St._Patrick_of_Ireland?f_ri=17370"},{"id":1541538,"name":"Early Irish Church","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Irish_Church?f_ri=17370"},{"id":1757327,"name":"Christianity in the Celtic Isles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christianity_in_the_Celtic_Isles?f_ri=17370"},{"id":2523090,"name":"Irish Church History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irish_Church_History?f_ri=17370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19987105" data-work_id="19987105" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19987105/Review_of_Luke_McInerneys_Clerical_and_Learned_Lineages_of_medieval_Co_Clare_Dublin_Four_Courts_Press_2014_by_Prof_P%C3%A1draig_%C3%93_Riain">Review of Luke McInerney's 'Clerical and Learned Lineages of medieval Co. Clare' (Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2014), by Prof. Pádraig Ó Riain.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Review of Luke McInerney's 'Clerical and Learned Lineages of medieval Co. Clare' (Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2014), by Prof. Pádriag Ó Riain in North Munster Antiquarian Journal, 55 (2015) pp. 173-4.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19987105" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="69ea0127c8d9bc3808463446e9a859bb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40946098,"asset_id":19987105,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40946098/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2983175" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LukeMcInerney">Luke McInerney</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2983175" type="text/json">{"id":2983175,"first_name":"Luke","last_name":"McInerney","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LukeMcInerney","display_name":"Luke McInerney","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LukeMcInerney?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2983175/984813/20196947/s65_luke.mcinerney.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19987105 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19987105"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19987105, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19987105", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19987105]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19987105").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19987105").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19987105"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">29</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="386" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irish_Studies">Irish Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="386" type="text/json">{"id":386,"name":"Irish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irish_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies">Celtic Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1392" type="text/json">{"id":1392,"name":"Celtic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5959" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monastic_Studies">Monastic Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5959" type="text/json">{"id":5959,"name":"Monastic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monastic_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7617" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Church_History">Medieval Church History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7617" type="text/json">{"id":7617,"name":"Medieval Church History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Church_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19987105]'), work: {"id":19987105,"title":"Review of Luke McInerney's 'Clerical and Learned Lineages of medieval Co. 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Clare, Ireland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_History_of_the_Castles_of_Co._Clare_Ireland?f_ri=17370"},{"id":1216106,"name":"Medieval Catholicism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Catholicism?f_ri=17370"},{"id":1223195,"name":"Monastic Ireland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monastic_Ireland?f_ri=17370"},{"id":1223196,"name":"Learned Gaelic Families","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Learned_Gaelic_Families?f_ri=17370"},{"id":1554427,"name":"Aos Dana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aos_Dana?f_ri=17370"},{"id":1870505,"name":"Learned Gaelic Families, and Thomond","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Learned_Gaelic_Families_and_Thomond?f_ri=17370"},{"id":2273815,"name":"Papal Registers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Papal_Registers?f_ri=17370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_370120" data-work_id="370120" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/370120/Caesars_Perception_of_Iron_Age_Gallic_Social_Structures">Caesar's Perception of Iron Age Gallic Social Structures</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/370120" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="823cf61c022d78000f155431ea37f1d5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":1848986,"asset_id":370120,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/1848986/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="282234" href="https://fs-fed.academia.edu/SeanDunham">Sean Dunham</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="282234" type="text/json">{"id":282234,"first_name":"Sean","last_name":"Dunham","domain_name":"fs-fed","page_name":"SeanDunham","display_name":"Sean Dunham","profile_url":"https://fs-fed.academia.edu/SeanDunham?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/282234/57673/39316756/s65_sean.dunham.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_370120 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="370120"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 370120, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_370120", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=370120]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_370120").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_370120").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="370120"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies">Celtic Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1392" type="text/json">{"id":1392,"name":"Celtic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17370" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History">Celtic History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17370" type="text/json">{"id":17370,"name":"Celtic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17371" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Archaeology">Celtic Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17371" type="text/json">{"id":17371,"name":"Celtic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Archaeology?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19294" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caesar_Classics_">Caesar (Classics)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="19294" type="text/json">{"id":19294,"name":"Caesar (Classics)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caesar_Classics_?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=370120]'), work: {"id":370120,"title":"Caesar's Perception of Iron Age Gallic Social Structures","created_at":"2010-11-16T23:50:18.289-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/370120/Caesars_Perception_of_Iron_Age_Gallic_Social_Structures?f_ri=17370","dom_id":"work_370120","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":1848986,"asset_id":370120,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":282234,"first_name":"Sean","last_name":"Dunham","domain_name":"fs-fed","page_name":"SeanDunham","display_name":"Sean Dunham","profile_url":"https://fs-fed.academia.edu/SeanDunham?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/282234/57673/39316756/s65_sean.dunham.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1392,"name":"Celtic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":17370,"name":"Celtic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":17371,"name":"Celtic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Archaeology?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":19294,"name":"Caesar (Classics)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caesar_Classics_?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":23999,"name":"Iron Age Gaul (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron_Age_Gaul_Archaeology_?f_ri=17370"},{"id":26999,"name":"Late Iron Age (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Iron_Age_Archaeology_?f_ri=17370"},{"id":104311,"name":"Julius Caesar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Julius_Caesar?f_ri=17370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31787754" data-work_id="31787754" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31787754/Celtes_Galates_et_Gaulois_mercenaires_de_lAntiquit%C3%A9_Repr%C3%A9sentation_recrutement_organisation_Paris_%C3%89ditions_Picard_2017_214_p_Antiquit%C3%A9_Synth%C3%A8ses_18_">Celtes, Galates et Gaulois, mercenaires de l'Antiquité. Représentation, recrutement, organisation. Paris, Éditions Picard, 2017. 214 p. (Antiquité / Synthèses ; 18).</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">À partir d'une analyse systématique des textes gréco-latins, Luc Baray explore les principales facettes du mode de fonctionnement du mercenariat celtique : origines ethniques et géographiques, modalités de recrutement ou de rémunération,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31787754" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">À partir d'une analyse systématique des textes gréco-latins, Luc Baray explore les principales facettes du mode de fonctionnement du mercenariat celtique : origines ethniques et géographiques, modalités de recrutement ou de rémunération, effectifs des contingents mobilisés, commandement, discipline, armement. Il s'intéresse aux procédures et techniques mises en place pour recruter, encadrer et gérer ces troupes. Les mercenaires celtes étaient-ils moins bien payés que leurs homologues étrangers ? Étaient-ils placés sous le comman-dement d'officiers grecs ou puniques ou avaient-ils leurs propres officiers ? Devaient-ils se présenter armés au moment du recrutement ? Qui les équipait ? Il étudie aussi les rapports qui ont pu exister entre les employés et leurs employeurs. Quelle part ont-ils pris dans le déclenchement de la « guerre des Mercenaires » ? Ont-ils été particulièrement déloyaux envers leurs employeurs, comme le laisse entendre une tendance lourde de l'historiographie ancienne et moderne ? Une attention particulière est portée à l'image du guerrier celte et plus spécialement à celle du mercenaire comme menace pour la citoyenneté. Démontrant l'inanité des stéréotypes véhiculés par les auteurs antiques et repris par les modernes, l'auteur propose une mise en perspective renouvelée d'un phénomène militaire de grande ampleur qui marqua de son empreinte l'ensemble des civilisations du pourtour méditerranéen des cinq derniers siècles avant J.-C. Il établit pour la première fois une synthèse précise et complète de nos connaissances sur un sujet jusqu'alors pas ou peu abordé.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31787754" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="34376d67f3c2764a40df7180eb62cb96" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52088833,"asset_id":31787754,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52088833/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6899906" href="https://artehis-cnrs.academia.edu/LucBaray">Luc Baray</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6899906" type="text/json">{"id":6899906,"first_name":"Luc","last_name":"Baray","domain_name":"artehis-cnrs","page_name":"LucBaray","display_name":"Luc Baray","profile_url":"https://artehis-cnrs.academia.edu/LucBaray?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6899906/2645911/3078843/s65_luc.baray.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31787754 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31787754"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31787754, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31787754", }); 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Représentation, recrutement, organisation. Paris, Éditions Picard, 2017. 214 p. (Antiquité / Synthèses ; 18).","created_at":"2017-03-09T06:59:23.909-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31787754/Celtes_Galates_et_Gaulois_mercenaires_de_lAntiquit%C3%A9_Repr%C3%A9sentation_recrutement_organisation_Paris_%C3%89ditions_Picard_2017_214_p_Antiquit%C3%A9_Synth%C3%A8ses_18_?f_ri=17370","dom_id":"work_31787754","summary":"À partir d'une analyse systématique des textes gréco-latins, Luc Baray explore les principales facettes du mode de fonctionnement du mercenariat celtique : origines ethniques et géographiques, modalités de recrutement ou de rémunération, effectifs des contingents mobilisés, commandement, discipline, armement. Il s'intéresse aux procédures et techniques mises en place pour recruter, encadrer et gérer ces troupes. Les mercenaires celtes étaient-ils moins bien payés que leurs homologues étrangers ? Étaient-ils placés sous le comman-dement d'officiers grecs ou puniques ou avaient-ils leurs propres officiers ? Devaient-ils se présenter armés au moment du recrutement ? Qui les équipait ? Il étudie aussi les rapports qui ont pu exister entre les employés et leurs employeurs. Quelle part ont-ils pris dans le déclenchement de la « guerre des Mercenaires » ? Ont-ils été particulièrement déloyaux envers leurs employeurs, comme le laisse entendre une tendance lourde de l'historiographie ancienne et moderne ? Une attention particulière est portée à l'image du guerrier celte et plus spécialement à celle du mercenaire comme menace pour la citoyenneté. Démontrant l'inanité des stéréotypes véhiculés par les auteurs antiques et repris par les modernes, l'auteur propose une mise en perspective renouvelée d'un phénomène militaire de grande ampleur qui marqua de son empreinte l'ensemble des civilisations du pourtour méditerranéen des cinq derniers siècles avant J.-C. Il établit pour la première fois une synthèse précise et complète de nos connaissances sur un sujet jusqu'alors pas ou peu abordé.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52088833,"asset_id":31787754,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6899906,"first_name":"Luc","last_name":"Baray","domain_name":"artehis-cnrs","page_name":"LucBaray","display_name":"Luc Baray","profile_url":"https://artehis-cnrs.academia.edu/LucBaray?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6899906/2645911/3078843/s65_luc.baray.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1392,"name":"Celtic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":17370,"name":"Celtic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":17371,"name":"Celtic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Archaeology?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":69349,"name":"Greek Mercenaries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Mercenaries?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":78081,"name":"Galates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Galates?f_ri=17370"},{"id":121158,"name":"Mercenaries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mercenaries?f_ri=17370"},{"id":158403,"name":"Punic mercenaries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Punic_mercenaries?f_ri=17370"},{"id":301784,"name":"Mercenarism, Mercenaries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mercenarism_Mercenaries?f_ri=17370"},{"id":496249,"name":"Celtes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtes?f_ri=17370"},{"id":567204,"name":"Société Gauloise","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Societe_Gauloise?f_ri=17370"},{"id":691190,"name":"Armement Gaulois","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Armement_Gaulois?f_ri=17370"},{"id":1028826,"name":"Söldner","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soldner?f_ri=17370"},{"id":1157580,"name":"Celtic Mercenaries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Mercenaries?f_ri=17370"},{"id":1175501,"name":"Mercenarios","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mercenarios?f_ri=17370"},{"id":1438588,"name":"Mercenaires Celtes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mercenaires_Celtes?f_ri=17370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19725186" data-work_id="19725186" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19725186/Un_toponyme_Lugdunum_red%C3%A9couvert_et_deux_autres_%C3%A0_oublier">Un toponyme Lugdunum redécouvert et deux autres à oublier</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Nous voudrions ici porter à connaissance un nouveau cas de toponyme gaulois *Lugudūnon (Montlieu, Charente-Maritime), et revenir sur l’identification erronée de deux autres cas proposés antérieurement (Saint-Lizier en Ariège et un... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19725186" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Nous voudrions ici porter à connaissance un nouveau cas de toponyme gaulois *Lugudūnon (Montlieu, Charente-Maritime), et revenir sur l’identification erronée de deux autres cas proposés antérieurement (Saint-Lizier en Ariège et un Lugdunum cantabre en Hispania Tarraconensis).<br />ABSTRACT. We would like to highlight here a new case of Gallic toponym<br />*Lugudūnon (Montlieu, Charente-Maritime), and return to the misidentification of two other cases (Saint-Lizier in Ariege and a cantabrian Lugdunum in Hispania Tarraconensis).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19725186" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c0608e62e5e5a30834fe70d9b9259bbe" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52055634,"asset_id":19725186,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52055634/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="524143" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Val%C3%A9ryRaydon">Valéry Raydon</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="524143" type="text/json">{"id":524143,"first_name":"Valéry","last_name":"Raydon","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ValéryRaydon","display_name":"Valéry Raydon","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Val%C3%A9ryRaydon?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/524143/185106/119156136/s65_val_ry.raydon.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19725186 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19725186"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19725186, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19725186", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19725186]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19725186").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19725186").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19725186"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies">Celtic Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1392" type="text/json">{"id":1392,"name":"Celtic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17370" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History">Celtic History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17370" type="text/json">{"id":17370,"name":"Celtic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34818" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toponymy">Toponymy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="34818" type="text/json">{"id":34818,"name":"Toponymy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toponymy?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="396340" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gaulish_language">Gaulish language</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="396340" type="text/json">{"id":396340,"name":"Gaulish language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gaulish_language?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19725186]'), work: {"id":19725186,"title":"Un toponyme Lugdunum redécouvert et deux autres à oublier","created_at":"2015-12-18T05:35:49.649-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19725186/Un_toponyme_Lugdunum_red%C3%A9couvert_et_deux_autres_%C3%A0_oublier?f_ri=17370","dom_id":"work_19725186","summary":"Nous voudrions ici porter à connaissance un nouveau cas de toponyme gaulois *Lugudūnon (Montlieu, Charente-Maritime), et revenir sur l’identification erronée de deux autres cas proposés antérieurement (Saint-Lizier en Ariège et un Lugdunum cantabre en Hispania Tarraconensis).\nABSTRACT. We would like to highlight here a new case of Gallic toponym\n*Lugudūnon (Montlieu, Charente-Maritime), and return to the misidentification of two other cases (Saint-Lizier in Ariege and a cantabrian Lugdunum in Hispania Tarraconensis).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52055634,"asset_id":19725186,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":524143,"first_name":"Valéry","last_name":"Raydon","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ValéryRaydon","display_name":"Valéry Raydon","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Val%C3%A9ryRaydon?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/524143/185106/119156136/s65_val_ry.raydon.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1392,"name":"Celtic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":17370,"name":"Celtic 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u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32909855/Petr_Drda_Alena_Rybov%C3%A1_Keltov%C3%A9_a_%C4%8Cechy_Celts_and_Bohemia_Kelten_und_B%C3%B6hmen">Petr Drda - Alena Rybová: Keltové a Čechy / Celts and Bohemia / Kelten und Böhmen</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Kniha vyšla roku 1998 v Praze / The book was published in 1998 in Prague.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32909855" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2e5bbed959d5e4b8dd3c2e8fa6d7987a" 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39159628" data-work_id="39159628" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39159628/Redefining_the_Fringes_in_Celtic_Studies_Essays_in_Literature_and_Culture">Redefining the Fringes in Celtic Studies Essays in Literature and Culture</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The selection of articles collected in this volume is based on an assumption that the fringes of Celtic Studies still represent a challenge and that established areas are worth revisiting. Peripheries and borderlands are always an... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39159628" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The selection of articles collected in this volume is based on an assumption that the fringes of Celtic Studies still represent a challenge and that established areas are worth revisiting. Peripheries and borderlands are always an exciting object of study: with their blank spots and unexplored territories they capture the attention of researchers. The chapters in this collection, by both established and young scholars, deal with a wide range of phenomena connected with the language, literature and history of the broadly speaking Celtic world, ranging widely over time, space and subject matter. One thing that the analyses share, however, is their focus on uncharted or little explored waters, which confirms that Celtic Studies, especially in their literary and cultural aspect, are an exciting and expanding discipline. The contributors’ expeditions to remote or undiscovered areas include the design of autobiographies in the early years of the Irish republic, an overview of the controversy over a sex scene in a Welsh-language novel by John Rowlands, the poetry of the somewhat neglected Irish poet Francis<br />Ledwidge, Irish-language science-fiction and comics, a cognitive ethological perspective on Niall Griffiths’s novel Sheepshagger, and possible Polish origins of Irish-language modernist fiction. Other chapters offer a periodisation of medieval Welsh law, insightful analyses of Pádraig Ó Cíobháin’s landmark novel The Brightness Out There and the work of Seán Ó Ríordáin – a poet little known outside the Irish-language world – as well as contemporary Irish-language poetry in<br />the context of language loss. (from the Introduction)</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39159628" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="669820b22240d48bac17d0e83e33246d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59283907,"asset_id":39159628,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59283907/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7066622" href="https://kul.academia.edu/AlekBednarski">Aleksander Bednarski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7066622" type="text/json">{"id":7066622,"first_name":"Aleksander","last_name":"Bednarski","domain_name":"kul","page_name":"AlekBednarski","display_name":"Aleksander Bednarski","profile_url":"https://kul.academia.edu/AlekBednarski?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7066622/9889789/93920272/s65_aleksander.bednarski.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39159628 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39159628"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39159628, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39159628", }); 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Peripheries and borderlands are always an exciting object of study: with their blank spots and unexplored territories they capture the attention of researchers. The chapters in this collection, by both established and young scholars, deal with a wide range of phenomena connected with the language, literature and history of the broadly speaking Celtic world, ranging widely over time, space and subject matter. One thing that the analyses share, however, is their focus on uncharted or little explored waters, which confirms that Celtic Studies, especially in their literary and cultural aspect, are an exciting and expanding discipline. The contributors’ expeditions to remote or undiscovered areas include the design of autobiographies in the early years of the Irish republic, an overview of the controversy over a sex scene in a Welsh-language novel by John Rowlands, the poetry of the somewhat neglected Irish poet Francis\nLedwidge, Irish-language science-fiction and comics, a cognitive ethological perspective on Niall Griffiths’s novel Sheepshagger, and possible Polish origins of Irish-language modernist fiction. Other chapters offer a periodisation of medieval Welsh law, insightful analyses of Pádraig Ó Cíobháin’s landmark novel The Brightness Out There and the work of Seán Ó Ríordáin – a poet little known outside the Irish-language world – as well as contemporary Irish-language poetry in\nthe context of language loss. 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Rilievo e documentazione di una probabile emergenza dell'età del Ferro</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The aim of the paper is to stress the persistence of some ritual space and altars of the Iron Age in the early imperial period in the frame of a religious syncretism. Indeed, the Susa valley was incorporated into the Roman Empire under... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44656278" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The aim of the paper is to stress the persistence of some ritual space and altars of the Iron Age in the early imperial period in the frame of a religious syncretism. Indeed, the Susa valley was incorporated into the Roman Empire under the juridical status of prefecture and the former king Cozio maintained his political prerogatives under the name of prafectus. The survey was carried out with the aid of stereometry tha allowed us the reading of an ancient epigraphic evidence in very bad condition (now under paleographic study)</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44656278" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0b3a9577af7083e933353eb1d18255af" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65128238,"asset_id":44656278,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65128238/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3146286" href="https://centroherakles.academia.edu/SandroCaranzano">Sandro Caranzano</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3146286" type="text/json">{"id":3146286,"first_name":"Sandro","last_name":"Caranzano","domain_name":"centroherakles","page_name":"SandroCaranzano","display_name":"Sandro Caranzano","profile_url":"https://centroherakles.academia.edu/SandroCaranzano?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3146286/1034226/38137126/s65_sandro.caranzano.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44656278 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44656278"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44656278, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44656278", }); 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data-has-card-for-ri="1392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies">Celtic Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1392" type="text/json">{"id":1392,"name":"Celtic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19639285]'), work: {"id":19639285,"title":"DUMNORΙΧ OF THE AEDUI AGAINST CAESAR AND ROME","created_at":"2015-12-13T17:08:02.983-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19639285/DUMNOR%CE%99%CE%A7_OF_THE_AEDUI_AGAINST_CAESAR_AND_ROME?f_ri=17370","dom_id":"work_19639285","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59634363,"asset_id":19639285,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38174841,"first_name":"Periklis","last_name":"Deligiannis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PeriklisDeligiannis","display_name":"Periklis 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ISBN 80-7066-161-5.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34412002" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3838d7e76d2b0e62f0c1b9d3be7d6c5d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54291991,"asset_id":34412002,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54291991/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33193008" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DigitallibraryUzhgorod">Digital library Bohemia</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33193008" type="text/json">{"id":33193008,"first_name":"Digital library","last_name":"Bohemia","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DigitallibraryUzhgorod","display_name":"Digital library Bohemia","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DigitallibraryUzhgorod?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33193008/9845331/15730588/s65_digital_library.uzhgorod.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34412002 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34412002"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34412002, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34412002", }); 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The site is commonly identified with Gera, hamlet of Pizzighettone. This paper deals with the exact... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2362248" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Celtic hillfort of Acerrae, in Gallia Transpadana, was the scene of  an important battle between Insubres and Romans in 222 B.C. <br />The site is commonly identified with Gera, hamlet of Pizzighettone. <br />This paper deals with the exact position of the archaeological site on the basis of historical documents and archaeological findings in the outskirts of Pizzighettone.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2362248" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f3e269cb92302ab8a4fb02310b542ade" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30399574,"asset_id":2362248,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30399574/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3029395" href="https://independent.academia.edu/robertoknobloch">roberto knobloch</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3029395" type="text/json">{"id":3029395,"first_name":"roberto","last_name":"knobloch","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"robertoknobloch","display_name":"roberto knobloch","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/robertoknobloch?f_ri=17370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2362248 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2362248"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2362248, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2362248", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2362248]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2362248").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2362248").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2362248"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies">Celtic Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1392" type="text/json">{"id":1392,"name":"Celtic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17370" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History">Celtic History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17370" type="text/json">{"id":17370,"name":"Celtic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17371" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Archaeology">Celtic Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17371" type="text/json">{"id":17371,"name":"Celtic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Archaeology?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="45847" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oppida">Oppida</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="45847" type="text/json">{"id":45847,"name":"Oppida","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oppida?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2362248]'), work: {"id":2362248,"title":"L'ubicazione dell'oppidum gallico di Acerrae","created_at":"2013-01-04T20:24:44.597-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2362248/Lubicazione_delloppidum_gallico_di_Acerrae?f_ri=17370","dom_id":"work_2362248","summary":"The Celtic hillfort of Acerrae, in Gallia Transpadana, was the scene of an important battle between Insubres and Romans in 222 B.C.\r\nThe site is commonly identified with Gera, hamlet of Pizzighettone.\r\nThis paper deals with the exact position of the archaeological site on the basis of historical documents and archaeological findings in the outskirts of Pizzighettone.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30399574,"asset_id":2362248,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3029395,"first_name":"roberto","last_name":"knobloch","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"robertoknobloch","display_name":"roberto knobloch","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/robertoknobloch?f_ri=17370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1392,"name":"Celtic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":17370,"name":"Celtic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":17371,"name":"Celtic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Archaeology?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":45847,"name":"Oppida","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oppida?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":118359,"name":"Cisalpine Gaul","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cisalpine_Gaul?f_ri=17370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1434406" data-work_id="1434406" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1434406/%D0%A1%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96_%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97_Eastern_Celts_Cultures_Identities_Historiographic_Constructions_in_Ukrainian_for_SUMMARY_IN_ENGLISH_see_PP_345_357_">Східні кельти: культури, ідентичності, історіографічні конструкції = Eastern Celts: Cultures, Identities, Historiographic Constructions (in Ukrainian; for SUMMARY IN ENGLISH see PP. 345-357).</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">for SUMMARY and CONTENTS IN ENGLISH see PP. 345-357. У монографії розглядається широке коло питань, пов’язаних із перебуванням давніх кельтів у Карпато-Балканському регіоні та Східній Європі. Охарактеризовано вплив соціокультурних та... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1434406" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">for SUMMARY and CONTENTS IN ENGLISH see PP. 345-357.<br /><br />У монографії розглядається широке коло питань, пов’язаних із перебуванням давніх кельтів у Карпато-Балканському регіоні та Східній Європі. Охарактеризовано вплив соціокультурних та політико-ідеологічних настанов модерної доби на формування наукових уявлень про кельтські народи. Із застосуванням методів етнології сформульовано підходи до вивчення кельтів як етнічної групи та їхніх міграцій у східному напрямку.Реконструйовано участь кельтів у процесах етнокультурної взаємодії з племенами й народами, які у давні часи населяли Південно-Східну Європу. Особливу увагу приділено питанням перебування давніх кельтів на землях сучасної України, а також імовірним контактам кельтів зі слов’янами.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1434406" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="682ea021613a37831987bb91ec9951c5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38851603,"asset_id":1434406,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38851603/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="265793" href="https://univ-kiev.academia.edu/GennadiyKazakevich">Gennadii Kazakevych</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="265793" type="text/json">{"id":265793,"first_name":"Gennadii","last_name":"Kazakevych","domain_name":"univ-kiev","page_name":"GennadiyKazakevich","display_name":"Gennadii Kazakevych","profile_url":"https://univ-kiev.academia.edu/GennadiyKazakevich?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/265793/59874/127393433/s65_gennadii.kazakevych.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1434406 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1434406"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1434406, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1434406", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1434406]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1434406").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1434406").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1434406"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies">Celtic Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1392" type="text/json">{"id":1392,"name":"Celtic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16745" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistory_of_Ukraine_Prehistoric_Archaeology_">Prehistory of Ukraine (Prehistoric Archaeology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16745" type="text/json">{"id":16745,"name":"Prehistory of Ukraine (Prehistoric Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistory_of_Ukraine_Prehistoric_Archaeology_?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17370" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History">Celtic History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17370" type="text/json">{"id":17370,"name":"Celtic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17371" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Archaeology">Celtic Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17371" type="text/json">{"id":17371,"name":"Celtic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Archaeology?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1434406]'), work: {"id":1434406,"title":"Східні кельти: культури, ідентичності, історіографічні конструкції = Eastern Celts: Cultures, Identities, Historiographic Constructions (in Ukrainian; for SUMMARY IN ENGLISH see PP. 345-357).","created_at":"2012-02-25T13:26:13.229-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1434406/%D0%A1%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96_%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97_Eastern_Celts_Cultures_Identities_Historiographic_Constructions_in_Ukrainian_for_SUMMARY_IN_ENGLISH_see_PP_345_357_?f_ri=17370","dom_id":"work_1434406","summary":"for SUMMARY and CONTENTS IN ENGLISH see PP. 345-357.\n\nУ монографії розглядається широке коло питань, пов’язаних із перебуванням давніх кельтів у Карпато-Балканському регіоні та Східній Європі. Охарактеризовано вплив соціокультурних та політико-ідеологічних настанов модерної доби на формування наукових уявлень про кельтські народи. Із застосуванням методів етнології сформульовано підходи до вивчення кельтів як етнічної групи та їхніх міграцій у східному напрямку.Реконструйовано участь кельтів у процесах етнокультурної взаємодії з племенами й народами, які у давні часи населяли Південно-Східну Європу. Особливу увагу приділено питанням перебування давніх кельтів на землях сучасної України, а також імовірним контактам кельтів зі слов’янами.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38851603,"asset_id":1434406,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":265793,"first_name":"Gennadii","last_name":"Kazakevych","domain_name":"univ-kiev","page_name":"GennadiyKazakevich","display_name":"Gennadii Kazakevych","profile_url":"https://univ-kiev.academia.edu/GennadiyKazakevich?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/265793/59874/127393433/s65_gennadii.kazakevych.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1392,"name":"Celtic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":16745,"name":"Prehistory of Ukraine (Prehistoric Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistory_of_Ukraine_Prehistoric_Archaeology_?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":17370,"name":"Celtic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":17371,"name":"Celtic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Archaeology?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":34552,"name":"European Prehistory (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Prehistory_Archaeology_?f_ri=17370"},{"id":147003,"name":"La Tene culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/La_Tene_culture?f_ri=17370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41885790" data-work_id="41885790" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41885790/Antibacterial_activity_of_medicinal_plants_from_The_Physicians_of_Myddvai_a_14th_century_Welsh_medical_manuscript">Antibacterial activity of medicinal plants from The Physicians of Myddvai, a 14th century Welsh medical manuscript</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Ethnopharmacological relevance: Antimicrobial drug resistance is a growing threat to global public health. Historical records and herbal texts relating to traditional Celtic medicine indicate an extensive pharmacopeia of plants for... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41885790" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Ethnopharmacological relevance: Antimicrobial drug resistance is a growing threat to global public health. Historical records and herbal texts relating to traditional Celtic medicine indicate an extensive pharmacopeia of plants for treating infections likely caused by microbes. However, a major barrier for successful integration of these remedies into mainstream practice is the current lack of accurate interpretation and scientific validation. Materials and methods: We investigated the flora of the Isle of Arran, Scotland, via in situ targeted screening of<br />83 out of 138 plants identified in Meddygion Myddvai (a 14th century Welsh manuscript) to treat conditions related to microbial infections, and an additional 18 plants from modern ethnobotanical knowledge on the<br />island (Scottish School of Herbal Medicine). In a follow-up proof-of-concept study, bioassay-guided fractionation was performed to identify bioactive constituents from two high scoring hits that inhibited Staphylococcus<br />aureus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) bacterial growth. Results: 67 historical plants (80.7%) and 14 modern plants (77.8%) were found to have detectable levels of antimicrobial activity when tested using Mobile Discovery kits, with human saliva as a source of bacteria for<br />screening. Sabinene, a natural bicyclic monoterpene from juniper “berries” (Juniperus communis L.) and alliin, a natural sulfoxide from garlic cloves (Allium sativum L.), were isolated and confirmed as primary antibacterial<br />leads. Conclusion: Using historical medical sources such as those associated with traditional Celtic medicine to guide rigorous, evidence-based scientific investigation, provides additional leads for new and alternative bioactive molecules for combating bacterial diseases.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41885790" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1dcdcac2e4db27a5bf2b83f104e51767" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62014077,"asset_id":41885790,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62014077/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="72977375" href="https://ncsu.academia.edu/CharlesWagner">Charles Wagner</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="72977375" type="text/json">{"id":72977375,"first_name":"Charles","last_name":"Wagner","domain_name":"ncsu","page_name":"CharlesWagner","display_name":"Charles Wagner","profile_url":"https://ncsu.academia.edu/CharlesWagner?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/72977375/19875618/19691764/s65_charles.wagner.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41885790 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41885790"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41885790, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41885790", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41885790]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41885790").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41885790").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41885790"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1700" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnobotany">Ethnobotany</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1700" type="text/json">{"id":1700,"name":"Ethnobotany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnobotany?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2273" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine">History of Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2273" type="text/json">{"id":2273,"name":"History of Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3057" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytochemistry">Phytochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3057" type="text/json">{"id":3057,"name":"Phytochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytochemistry?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3723" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science">History of Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3723" type="text/json">{"id":3723,"name":"History of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41885790]'), work: {"id":41885790,"title":"Antibacterial activity of medicinal plants from The Physicians of Myddvai, a 14th century Welsh medical manuscript","created_at":"2020-02-06T10:38:07.502-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41885790/Antibacterial_activity_of_medicinal_plants_from_The_Physicians_of_Myddvai_a_14th_century_Welsh_medical_manuscript?f_ri=17370","dom_id":"work_41885790","summary":"Ethnopharmacological relevance: Antimicrobial drug resistance is a growing threat to global public health. Historical records and herbal texts relating to traditional Celtic medicine indicate an extensive pharmacopeia of plants for treating infections likely caused by microbes. However, a major barrier for successful integration of these remedies into mainstream practice is the current lack of accurate interpretation and scientific validation. Materials and methods: We investigated the flora of the Isle of Arran, Scotland, via in situ targeted screening of\n83 out of 138 plants identified in Meddygion Myddvai (a 14th century Welsh manuscript) to treat conditions related to microbial infections, and an additional 18 plants from modern ethnobotanical knowledge on the\nisland (Scottish School of Herbal Medicine). In a follow-up proof-of-concept study, bioassay-guided fractionation was performed to identify bioactive constituents from two high scoring hits that inhibited Staphylococcus\naureus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) bacterial growth. Results: 67 historical plants (80.7%) and 14 modern plants (77.8%) were found to have detectable levels of antimicrobial activity when tested using Mobile Discovery kits, with human saliva as a source of bacteria for\nscreening. Sabinene, a natural bicyclic monoterpene from juniper “berries” (Juniperus communis L.) and alliin, a natural sulfoxide from garlic cloves (Allium sativum L.), were isolated and confirmed as primary antibacterial\nleads. Conclusion: Using historical medical sources such as those associated with traditional Celtic medicine to guide rigorous, evidence-based scientific investigation, provides additional leads for new and alternative bioactive molecules for combating bacterial diseases.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62014077,"asset_id":41885790,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":72977375,"first_name":"Charles","last_name":"Wagner","domain_name":"ncsu","page_name":"CharlesWagner","display_name":"Charles Wagner","profile_url":"https://ncsu.academia.edu/CharlesWagner?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/72977375/19875618/19691764/s65_charles.wagner.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1700,"name":"Ethnobotany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnobotany?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":2273,"name":"History of Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":3057,"name":"Phytochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytochemistry?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":3723,"name":"History of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":14032,"name":"Ethnopharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnopharmacology?f_ri=17370"},{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=17370"},{"id":17370,"name":"Celtic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History?f_ri=17370"},{"id":269567,"name":"Garlic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Garlic?f_ri=17370"},{"id":1265153,"name":"Juniper","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Juniper?f_ri=17370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44044011" data-work_id="44044011" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44044011/The_Padea_Panagjurski_Kolonii_Phenomenon_in_the_Area_North_of_the_Danube_Colonization_or_Cultural_Dispersion">The Padea-Panagjurski Kolonii Phenomenon in the Area North of the Danube. Colonization or Cultural Dispersion?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The northern Balkan Peninsula was the place where, beginning with the 4th century BCE, important ethnocultural, economic, political and military changes took place. The peninsula was successively disturbed by the Celtic invasion, by the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44044011" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The northern Balkan Peninsula was the place where, beginning with<br />the 4th century BCE, important ethnocultural, economic, political and military changes took place. The peninsula was successively disturbed by the Celtic invasion, by the German Bastarns penetration, by the decline of Thrace, Macedonia and Greece, by the Getic retreat, by the instauration of the Roman power in the region and by the foundation of the Dacian Kingdom.The resulted ethnocultural mixture determined inter alia the appearance of specific cultural patterns which mainly consist of associations of artifacts and funerary practices, fact explained as representing the emergence of a new cultural identity, conventionally called the Padea-Panagjurski Kolonii group/facies/ horizon. The concrete expression of this convention in the academic communities contains<br />constants, explanations, nuances, acceptances or ambiguous positions which were maintained for a long time. This article brings together information, data, opinions and assumptions about the PPK phenomenon and tries to discern if its scope on such a big geographical and chronological area is due to the migrations of some groups of<br />warriors or the dispersion of the elements which define the phenomenon is the result of<br />the mobility of the ideas and of the specific cultural and identitary models.The analysis of the ancient literary sources and of the historical and archaeological file of the phenomenon leads to the hypothesis that there are not enough arguments for important demographic displacements, but, anyway, they cannot be completely rejected. In the<br />area in question there were natural people exchanges, as a result of military, political and matrimonial alliances or even of kidnapping or commercial exchanges. All these<br />natural and fluctuating changes cannot explain by themselves the considerable force of the dispersion. More plausible, the dispersion is the result of a mimetic export of ideas and successful identity models which is sufficiently articulated. The result was the almost sudden development in which a constellation of different families, clans and tribes<br />coagulated socially, spiritually and politically in a powerful barbaric kingdom, an archetypal symbiosis between the Hellenistic-type organization and the tribal Thraco-Celtic one.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44044011" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c7e11ecb802cacfd2373dcb2481b8d81" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64384343,"asset_id":44044011,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64384343/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="447433" href="https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/C%C4%83t%C4%83linBorangic">Cătălin Borangic</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="447433" type="text/json">{"id":447433,"first_name":"Cătălin","last_name":"Borangic","domain_name":"independentresearcher","page_name":"CătălinBorangic","display_name":"Cătălin Borangic","profile_url":"https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/C%C4%83t%C4%83linBorangic?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/447433/462102/20674591/s65_borangic.catalin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44044011 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44044011"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44044011, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44044011", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44044011 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44044011; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44044011"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44044011 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44044011"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44044011; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44044011]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44044011").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44044011").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44044011"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17370" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History">Celtic History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17370" type="text/json">{"id":17370,"name":"Celtic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="51643" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dacian_civilization">Dacian civilization</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="51643" type="text/json">{"id":51643,"name":"Dacian civilization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dacian_civilization?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1003579" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Warriors">Ancient Warriors</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1003579" type="text/json">{"id":1003579,"name":"Ancient Warriors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Warriors?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44044011]'), work: {"id":44044011,"title":"The Padea-Panagjurski Kolonii Phenomenon in the Area North of the Danube. Colonization or Cultural Dispersion?","created_at":"2020-09-08T11:33:42.089-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44044011/The_Padea_Panagjurski_Kolonii_Phenomenon_in_the_Area_North_of_the_Danube_Colonization_or_Cultural_Dispersion?f_ri=17370","dom_id":"work_44044011","summary":"The northern Balkan Peninsula was the place where, beginning with\nthe 4th century BCE, important ethnocultural, economic, political and military changes took place. The peninsula was successively disturbed by the Celtic invasion, by the German Bastarns penetration, by the decline of Thrace, Macedonia and Greece, by the Getic retreat, by the instauration of the Roman power in the region and by the foundation of the Dacian Kingdom.The resulted ethnocultural mixture determined inter alia the appearance of specific cultural patterns which mainly consist of associations of artifacts and funerary practices, fact explained as representing the emergence of a new cultural identity, conventionally called the Padea-Panagjurski Kolonii group/facies/ horizon. The concrete expression of this convention in the academic communities contains\nconstants, explanations, nuances, acceptances or ambiguous positions which were maintained for a long time. This article brings together information, data, opinions and assumptions about the PPK phenomenon and tries to discern if its scope on such a big geographical and chronological area is due to the migrations of some groups of\nwarriors or the dispersion of the elements which define the phenomenon is the result of\nthe mobility of the ideas and of the specific cultural and identitary models.The analysis of the ancient literary sources and of the historical and archaeological file of the phenomenon leads to the hypothesis that there are not enough arguments for important demographic displacements, but, anyway, they cannot be completely rejected. In the\narea in question there were natural people exchanges, as a result of military, political and matrimonial alliances or even of kidnapping or commercial exchanges. All these\nnatural and fluctuating changes cannot explain by themselves the considerable force of the dispersion. More plausible, the dispersion is the result of a mimetic export of ideas and successful identity models which is sufficiently articulated. The result was the almost sudden development in which a constellation of different families, clans and tribes\ncoagulated socially, spiritually and politically in a powerful barbaric kingdom, an archetypal symbiosis between the Hellenistic-type organization and the tribal Thraco-Celtic one.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64384343,"asset_id":44044011,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":447433,"first_name":"Cătălin","last_name":"Borangic","domain_name":"independentresearcher","page_name":"CătălinBorangic","display_name":"Cătălin Borangic","profile_url":"https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/C%C4%83t%C4%83linBorangic?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/447433/462102/20674591/s65_borangic.catalin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":17370,"name":"Celtic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":51643,"name":"Dacian civilization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dacian_civilization?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":1003579,"name":"Ancient Warriors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Warriors?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3352185" data-work_id="3352185" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3352185/Celtic_Christian_Spirituality">Celtic Christian Spirituality</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3352185" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f4c85f96c3f7955e0289475892a0985f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31164239,"asset_id":3352185,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31164239/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="493935" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JeffHaines">Jeff Haines</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="493935" type="text/json">{"id":493935,"first_name":"Jeff","last_name":"Haines","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JeffHaines","display_name":"Jeff Haines","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JeffHaines?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/493935/237054/16314213/s65_jeff.haines.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3352185 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3352185"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3352185, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3352185", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3352185]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3352185").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3352185").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3352185"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17370" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History">Celtic History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17370" type="text/json">{"id":17370,"name":"Celtic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21049" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Spirituality">Christian Spirituality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21049" type="text/json">{"id":21049,"name":"Christian Spirituality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Spirituality?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40381" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_religion">Celtic religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="40381" type="text/json">{"id":40381,"name":"Celtic religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_religion?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="719236" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Spirituality">Celtic Spirituality</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="719236" type="text/json">{"id":719236,"name":"Celtic Spirituality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Spirituality?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3352185]'), work: {"id":3352185,"title":"Celtic Christian Spirituality","created_at":"2013-04-21T18:21:38.221-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3352185/Celtic_Christian_Spirituality?f_ri=17370","dom_id":"work_3352185","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31164239,"asset_id":3352185,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":493935,"first_name":"Jeff","last_name":"Haines","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JeffHaines","display_name":"Jeff Haines","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JeffHaines?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/493935/237054/16314213/s65_jeff.haines.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":17370,"name":"Celtic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":21049,"name":"Christian Spirituality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Spirituality?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":40381,"name":"Celtic religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_religion?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":719236,"name":"Celtic Spirituality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Spirituality?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3639946" data-work_id="3639946" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3639946/The_Cult_of_St_Winefride">The Cult of St Winefride</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This essay provides an analysis of how and when St Winefride’s cult became popular; how personal and political motives lead to the promotion of the cult (particularly at Holywell, Shrewsbury and Basingwerk) and also how her popularity... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3639946" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This essay provides an analysis of how and when St Winefride’s cult became popular; how personal and political motives lead to the promotion of the cult (particularly at Holywell, Shrewsbury and Basingwerk) and also how her popularity extended beyond Wales. It includes interesting discussions of cures at the well, royal visitors and the post-reformation cult, and traces the origins of the cult and its development in a chronological fashion.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3639946" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="09f3faf9affcb45a3c9f5a57bede2632" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31333041,"asset_id":3639946,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31333041/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4334776" href="https://trinitysaintdavid.academia.edu/CarlaZappal%C3%A0">Carla Zappalà</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4334776" type="text/json">{"id":4334776,"first_name":"Carla","last_name":"Zappalà","domain_name":"trinitysaintdavid","page_name":"CarlaZappalà","display_name":"Carla Zappalà","profile_url":"https://trinitysaintdavid.academia.edu/CarlaZappal%C3%A0?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4334776/1741114/2083694/s65_carla.jefferson.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3639946 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3639946"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3639946, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3639946", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3639946 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3639946; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_3639946"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_3639946 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3639946"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3639946; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3639946]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3639946").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3639946").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3639946"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">21</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="217" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Religion">Sociology of Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="217" type="text/json">{"id":217,"name":"Sociology of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Religion?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies">Celtic Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1392" type="text/json">{"id":1392,"name":"Celtic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7079" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cult_of_Saints">Cult of Saints</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7079" type="text/json">{"id":7079,"name":"Cult of Saints","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cult_of_Saints?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3639946]'), work: {"id":3639946,"title":"The Cult of St Winefride","created_at":"2013-06-01T21:00:45.680-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3639946/The_Cult_of_St_Winefride?f_ri=17370","dom_id":"work_3639946","summary":"This essay provides an analysis of how and when St Winefride’s cult became popular; how personal and political motives lead to the promotion of the cult (particularly at Holywell, Shrewsbury and Basingwerk) and also how her popularity extended beyond Wales. It includes interesting discussions of cures at the well, royal visitors and the post-reformation cult, and traces the origins of the cult and its development in a chronological fashion. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31333041,"asset_id":3639946,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4334776,"first_name":"Carla","last_name":"Zappalà","domain_name":"trinitysaintdavid","page_name":"CarlaZappalà","display_name":"Carla Zappalà","profile_url":"https://trinitysaintdavid.academia.edu/CarlaZappal%C3%A0?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4334776/1741114/2083694/s65_carla.jefferson.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":217,"name":"Sociology of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Religion?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":1392,"name":"Celtic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":7079,"name":"Cult of Saints","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cult_of_Saints?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":7256,"name":"Saints' Cults","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saints_Cults?f_ri=17370"},{"id":7703,"name":"Welsh History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Welsh_History?f_ri=17370"},{"id":17370,"name":"Celtic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History?f_ri=17370"},{"id":17902,"name":"Gender and religion (Women s Studies)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_and_religion_Women_s_Studies_?f_ri=17370"},{"id":29000,"name":"Celtic studies (Medieval Studies)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_studies_Medieval_Studies_?f_ri=17370"},{"id":40381,"name":"Celtic religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_religion?f_ri=17370"},{"id":62199,"name":"Women saints","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Women_saints?f_ri=17370"},{"id":64915,"name":"Welsh History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Welsh_History_and_Culture?f_ri=17370"},{"id":102559,"name":"Celtic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic?f_ri=17370"},{"id":134058,"name":"Medieval Welsh History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Welsh_History?f_ri=17370"},{"id":174600,"name":"Medieval saints","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_saints?f_ri=17370"},{"id":233206,"name":"Saints","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saints?f_ri=17370"},{"id":328677,"name":"Cults of Saints","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cults_of_Saints?f_ri=17370"},{"id":349711,"name":"Mediaeval Cult of Relics and Saints","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediaeval_Cult_of_Relics_and_Saints?f_ri=17370"},{"id":614673,"name":"Medieval Welsh language, history, literature, and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Welsh_language_history_literature_and_culture?f_ri=17370"},{"id":673460,"name":"Medieval Saints Cult, Medieval Religion and Mentality History, Sermon Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Saints_Cult_Medieval_Religion_and_Mentality_History_Sermon_Studies?f_ri=17370"},{"id":694546,"name":"Medieval Saints' Relics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Saints_Relics?f_ri=17370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24234744" data-work_id="24234744" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24234744/THE_BALKAN_CELTIC_MACHAIRA">THE BALKAN CELTIC MACHAIRA</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The use of curved single-edged swords – μαχαιρα/machaira* (and variants thereof) – developed during the Bronze Age in southeastern Europe, with both the Iapodic and Liburian groups on the eastern Adriatic coast using variants of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24234744" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The use of curved single-edged swords – μαχαιρα/machaira* (and variants thereof) – developed during the Bronze Age in southeastern Europe, with both the Iapodic and Liburian groups on the eastern Adriatic coast using variants of the machaira during this period (Batović 1983:314; Dreschler-Bižić 1983:383-384). Machaira type swords also appear in the area of the Besarabi culture in the 8 th c. BC (Guštin 1974: 78-79, 81-83; Tomedi 2002:112-113), and the use of this form of weapon can be traced on the Balkans throughout the Iron Age (Gaspari, Mlinar 2005). That the machaira was also adopted by the Balkan Celts has been confirmed by recent archaeological discoveries from sites in the western, central and eastern Balkans (Slovenia, Serbia, Bulgaria), where such weapons have been found in Celtic warrior burials. A good example is that from burial #25 at Most na Soči in Slovenia where a late La Têne cremation burial yielded the burnt remains of a warrior accompanied by a spearhead, a bronze La Têne fibula, and a curved sword of the machaira type. Both the weapons and the fibula from the burial had been ritually 'killed' (i.e. deliberately deformed) in the typical Celtic fashion. The sword from Most na Soči is a machaira of the Ljubljanica type, further examples of which have been found in this region at Šmihel, in Carniola, 2 from the Ljubljana moor, and a Celtic machaira with a decorated hilt discovered in the Ljubljanica river (loc cit).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24234744" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9f9d6275c190e6540a6eb88feb019a55" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44567982,"asset_id":24234744,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44567982/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1218109" href="https://ucd.academia.edu/BrendanMacGonagle">Brendan Mac Gonagle</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1218109" type="text/json">{"id":1218109,"first_name":"Brendan","last_name":"Mac Gonagle","domain_name":"ucd","page_name":"BrendanMacGonagle","display_name":"Brendan Mac Gonagle","profile_url":"https://ucd.academia.edu/BrendanMacGonagle?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1218109/443513/36191734/s65_brendan.mac_gonagle.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24234744 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24234744"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24234744, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24234744", }); 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Dreschler-Bižić 1983:383-384). Machaira type swords also appear in the area of the Besarabi culture in the 8 th c. BC (Guštin 1974: 78-79, 81-83; Tomedi 2002:112-113), and the use of this form of weapon can be traced on the Balkans throughout the Iron Age (Gaspari, Mlinar 2005). That the machaira was also adopted by the Balkan Celts has been confirmed by recent archaeological discoveries from sites in the western, central and eastern Balkans (Slovenia, Serbia, Bulgaria), where such weapons have been found in Celtic warrior burials. A good example is that from burial #25 at Most na Soči in Slovenia where a late La Têne cremation burial yielded the burnt remains of a warrior accompanied by a spearhead, a bronze La Têne fibula, and a curved sword of the machaira type. Both the weapons and the fibula from the burial had been ritually 'killed' (i.e. deliberately deformed) in the typical Celtic fashion. The sword from Most na Soči is a machaira of the Ljubljanica type, further examples of which have been found in this region at Šmihel, in Carniola, 2 from the Ljubljana moor, and a Celtic machaira with a decorated hilt discovered in the Ljubljanica river (loc cit).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44567982,"asset_id":24234744,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1218109,"first_name":"Brendan","last_name":"Mac Gonagle","domain_name":"ucd","page_name":"BrendanMacGonagle","display_name":"Brendan Mac Gonagle","profile_url":"https://ucd.academia.edu/BrendanMacGonagle?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1218109/443513/36191734/s65_brendan.mac_gonagle.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":1392,"name":"Celtic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":3337,"name":"Balkan Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balkan_Studies?f_ri=17370"},{"id":3409,"name":"Balkan History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balkan_History?f_ri=17370"},{"id":17370,"name":"Celtic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History?f_ri=17370"},{"id":17371,"name":"Celtic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Archaeology?f_ri=17370"},{"id":26999,"name":"Late Iron Age (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Iron_Age_Archaeology_?f_ri=17370"},{"id":31087,"name":"Iron Age (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron_Age_Archaeology_?f_ri=17370"},{"id":32766,"name":"Bulgarian history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bulgarian_history?f_ri=17370"},{"id":42197,"name":"Iron Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron_Age?f_ri=17370"},{"id":45670,"name":"Thracian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thracian_Archaeology?f_ri=17370"},{"id":48519,"name":"Thracian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thracian_History?f_ri=17370"},{"id":51764,"name":"Ancient Thrace","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Thrace?f_ri=17370"},{"id":53654,"name":"Early Iron Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Iron_Age?f_ri=17370"},{"id":57508,"name":"History of ancient Thrace","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_ancient_Thrace?f_ri=17370"},{"id":74087,"name":"Bulgarian archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bulgarian_archaeology?f_ri=17370"},{"id":147003,"name":"La Tene culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/La_Tene_culture?f_ri=17370"},{"id":177910,"name":"Thracology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thracology?f_ri=17370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49236600" data-work_id="49236600" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49236600/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%90_%D0%90_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8E%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%9E_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D1%91_%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%8E%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%9E_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5">Семененко А. А. Кельтские этюды. О кельтской конной богине и её ригведийско-южноазиатских истоках. О кельтской транспортно-боевой платформе.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Семененко А. А. Кельтские этюды. О кельтской конной богине и её ригведийско-южноазиатских истоках. О кельтской транспортно-боевой платформе. — Воронеж: Электронная монография на правах рукописи, 2021. — 553 с. + 474 илл. — ISBN... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49236600" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Семененко А. А. Кельтские этюды. О кельтской конной богине и её ригведийско-южноазиатских истоках. О кельтской транспортно-боевой платформе. — Воронеж: Электронная монография на правах рукописи, 2021. — 553 с. + 474 илл. — ISBN 978-5-6043336-0-0.<br /><br />Video on the book in English:<br />Part 1 (<a href="https://youtu.be/clDtdmPsAao" rel="nofollow">https://youtu.be/clDtdmPsAao</a>)<br />Part 2 (<a href="https://youtu.be/CPBmk7g8gYo" rel="nofollow">https://youtu.be/CPBmk7g8gYo</a>)</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49236600" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="01e8fe118fc562368842c2959c06d4c3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67620749,"asset_id":49236600,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67620749/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4810344" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlexandrSemenenko">Aleksandr A . 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Кельтские этюды. О кельтской конной богине и её ригведийско-южноазиатских истоках. О кельтской транспортно-боевой платформе. — Воронеж: Электронная монография на правах рукописи, 2021. — 553 с. + 474 илл. — ISBN 978-5-6043336-0-0.\n\nVideo on the book in English:\nPart 1 (https://youtu.be/clDtdmPsAao)\nPart 2 (https://youtu.be/CPBmk7g8gYo)","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67620749,"asset_id":49236600,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4810344,"first_name":"Aleksandr","last_name":"Semenenko","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlexandrSemenenko","display_name":"Aleksandr A . 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The book was published in 1995 in Prague in 4 editions. ISBN: 80-200-0526-9</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41962958" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6edc8a01ca82a87df3569e71e2c8f925" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62085909,"asset_id":41962958,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62085909/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33193008" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DigitallibraryUzhgorod">Digital library Bohemia</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33193008" type="text/json">{"id":33193008,"first_name":"Digital library","last_name":"Bohemia","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DigitallibraryUzhgorod","display_name":"Digital library Bohemia","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DigitallibraryUzhgorod?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33193008/9845331/15730588/s65_digital_library.uzhgorod.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41962958 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41962958"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41962958, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41962958", }); 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Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hallstatt_and_Latene_period_Middle_Europe?f_ri=17370"},{"id":951143,"name":"Archeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archeology?f_ri=17370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22969523" data-work_id="22969523" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22969523/De_quelques_notables_bretons_en_Normandie_au_haut_Moyen_%C3%82ge">De quelques notables bretons en "Normandie" au haut Moyen Âge</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">in Jean-Christophe Cassard, Pierre-Yves Lambert, Jean-Michel Picard et Bertrand Yeurc'h (dir.), "Mélanges offerts au professeur Bernard Merdrignac", Britannia Monastica 17, 2013, p. 147-152</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22969523" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d3d091938509034490557bb297de3086" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43491728,"asset_id":22969523,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16395641" data-work_id="16395641" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16395641/Description_et_symbolique_du_cheval_en_Gaule_belgique_%C3%A0_l%C3%A2ge_du_Fer_De_800_%C3%A0_50_avant_notre_%C3%A8re">Description et symbolique du cheval en Gaule belgique à l'âge du Fer. De 800 à 50 avant notre ère.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Université Libre de Bruxelles. Année académique 2014-2015, première session. Mémoire présenté sous la direction de M. Eugène Warmenbol, en vue de l'obtention du titre de Master en Histoire de l'art et archéologie à Finalité Pratique de... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_16395641" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Université Libre de Bruxelles. <br />Année académique 2014-2015, première session.<br /><br />Mémoire présenté sous la direction de M. Eugène Warmenbol, en vue de l'obtention du titre de Master en Histoire de l'art et archéologie à Finalité Pratique de l'archéologie.<br /><br />107 pages.<br /><br />Le cheval a toujours fasciné l'Homme, depuis la Préhistoire où il était chassé, peint et gravé jusqu'à aujourd'hui, en passant par le Néolithique où il fut progressivement intégré au cheptel domestique et apprivoisé pour en faire, grâce à beaucoup de patience, l'animal docile et fidèle que nous connaissons.<br /> À l'âge du Fer, le cheval est totalement domestiqué et il accompagne l'Homme dans tous ses labeurs. Le cheval de cette époque s'apparente à une espèce originaire des steppes russes et éteinte aujourd'hui : le Tarpan. Mais grâce à la génétique, un Tarpan « moderne » issu de croisements entre les lointains descendants de la race « pure » a pu être recréé et protégé dans des réserves telle que celle de Han-sur-Lesse en Belgique. <br /> En archéologie, le cheval gaulois est surtout connu dans la mort. Peu présent dans les milieux d'habitat, il est inhumé aux côtés de son maître dans les tombes à char et les tombes de cavalier dans les nécropoles, ou du moins représenté symboliquement par des éléments d'harnachement. Mais c'est dans les sanctuaires que le cheval se démarque des autres animaux du cheptel en étant sacrifié, faisant l'objet de tous les honneurs et parfois consommé alors que le tabou de l'hippophagie est bien attesté partout en Gaule (mais existe toutefois selon des variantes locales et temporelles).<br /> L'archéologie seule ne répond pas entièrement à la question de l'utilisation du cheval chez les Gaulois. Les écrits de César, entre-autre, nous livrent de précieuses informations quant à la relation qu'entretenait le guerrier et son animal sur le champ de bataille et son équipement. Mais au vue des nombreuses qualités du cheval (endurance, robustesse, docilité), l'animal est également exploité pour les tâches les plus humbles : au champ en tant qu'animal tracteur ou de selle pour les transports mais il est aussi un symbole de prestige et d'apparat pour son propriétaire comme l'atteste les tombes somptueuses des élites dans lesquelles il est présent et les commandes d'animaux de grande taille (le cheval gaulois ne dépasse guère les 1,30 mètres au garrot) issus d'élevages locaux ou d'importations méditerranéennes.<br />Par ses nombreuses qualités, le cheval fascine et est respecté. Élevé au rang d'animal « cultuel », il est l'emblème de nombreux groupes partout en Gaule et même dans les îles britanniques.<br /> La question du statut symbolique de l'équidé à l'époque celtique est aussi à se poser quand on voit la place qu'il tient dans les mythes qui nous sont parvenus. Ces derniers sont essentiellement des retranscriptions de moines irlandais (entre le IXe siècle et le XIIe siècle de notre ère). Ces textes se décomposent en cycles et sont à prendre avec prudence et recul car ils sont teintés de christianisme. Ils restent néanmoins la seule source fiable dont nous disposons aujourd'hui pour mieux cerner le cheval (et les autres animaux qui lui sont associés, comme le cerf) dans ses divers rôles.<br />Nous le verrons comme attribut des divinités, une de leurs apparences ou comme compagnon des héros.<br />À travers les différentes légendes majeures dans lesquelles le cheval intervient, nous pouvons voir que l'équidé joue deux rôles diamétralement opposés, celui du soleil et de la lune, à la fois bénéfique et néfaste. Il est tantôt annonciateur de mort et de malheur, tantôt porteur de vie et d'abondance à l'instar de l'eau qui peut noyer et désaltérer. Il est en cela lié intimement avec la royauté et le pouvoir car le roi est celui qui lie les hommes aux dieux, la terre mère nourricière aux bienfaits divins. Les rois celtiques conditionnent ainsi par leurs actes la destinée de leur peuple, ayant le pouvoir de vie et de mort sur leurs sujets.<br /> Cette mythologie est également attestée dans le matériel archéologique et principalement sur les monnaies. Ces dernières nous livrent, par les personnages principaux représentés, les traits essentiels de ces histoires dont les descendants peuplent encore notre folklore.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16395641" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4044f382dd95fed3b526485a858d54d6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55539486,"asset_id":16395641,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55539486/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="17790422" href="https://spw.academia.edu/CharlotteVanEetvelde">Charlotte Van Eetvelde</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="17790422" type="text/json">{"id":17790422,"first_name":"Charlotte","last_name":"Van Eetvelde","domain_name":"spw","page_name":"CharlotteVanEetvelde","display_name":"Charlotte Van Eetvelde","profile_url":"https://spw.academia.edu/CharlotteVanEetvelde?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17790422/4967861/18770495/s65_charlotte.van_eetvelde.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16395641 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16395641"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16395641, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16395641", }); 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De 800 à 50 avant notre ère.","created_at":"2015-10-02T03:17:40.662-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16395641/Description_et_symbolique_du_cheval_en_Gaule_belgique_%C3%A0_l%C3%A2ge_du_Fer_De_800_%C3%A0_50_avant_notre_%C3%A8re?f_ri=17370","dom_id":"work_16395641","summary":"Université Libre de Bruxelles. \nAnnée académique 2014-2015, première session.\n\nMémoire présenté sous la direction de M. Eugène Warmenbol, en vue de l'obtention du titre de Master en Histoire de l'art et archéologie à Finalité Pratique de l'archéologie.\n\n107 pages.\n\nLe cheval a toujours fasciné l'Homme, depuis la Préhistoire où il était chassé, peint et gravé jusqu'à aujourd'hui, en passant par le Néolithique où il fut progressivement intégré au cheptel domestique et apprivoisé pour en faire, grâce à beaucoup de patience, l'animal docile et fidèle que nous connaissons.\n\tÀ l'âge du Fer, le cheval est totalement domestiqué et il accompagne l'Homme dans tous ses labeurs. Le cheval de cette époque s'apparente à une espèce originaire des steppes russes et éteinte aujourd'hui : le Tarpan. Mais grâce à la génétique, un Tarpan « moderne » issu de croisements entre les lointains descendants de la race « pure » a pu être recréé et protégé dans des réserves telle que celle de Han-sur-Lesse en Belgique. \n\tEn archéologie, le cheval gaulois est surtout connu dans la mort. Peu présent dans les milieux d'habitat, il est inhumé aux côtés de son maître dans les tombes à char et les tombes de cavalier dans les nécropoles, ou du moins représenté symboliquement par des éléments d'harnachement. Mais c'est dans les sanctuaires que le cheval se démarque des autres animaux du cheptel en étant sacrifié, faisant l'objet de tous les honneurs et parfois consommé alors que le tabou de l'hippophagie est bien attesté partout en Gaule (mais existe toutefois selon des variantes locales et temporelles).\n\tL'archéologie seule ne répond pas entièrement à la question de l'utilisation du cheval chez les Gaulois. Les écrits de César, entre-autre, nous livrent de précieuses informations quant à la relation qu'entretenait le guerrier et son animal sur le champ de bataille et son équipement. Mais au vue des nombreuses qualités du cheval (endurance, robustesse, docilité), l'animal est également exploité pour les tâches les plus humbles : au champ en tant qu'animal tracteur ou de selle pour les transports mais il est aussi un symbole de prestige et d'apparat pour son propriétaire comme l'atteste les tombes somptueuses des élites dans lesquelles il est présent et les commandes d'animaux de grande taille (le cheval gaulois ne dépasse guère les 1,30 mètres au garrot) issus d'élevages locaux ou d'importations méditerranéennes.\nPar ses nombreuses qualités, le cheval fascine et est respecté. Élevé au rang d'animal « cultuel », il est l'emblème de nombreux groupes partout en Gaule et même dans les îles britanniques.\n\tLa question du statut symbolique de l'équidé à l'époque celtique est aussi à se poser quand on voit la place qu'il tient dans les mythes qui nous sont parvenus. Ces derniers sont essentiellement des retranscriptions de moines irlandais (entre le IXe siècle et le XIIe siècle de notre ère). Ces textes se décomposent en cycles et sont à prendre avec prudence et recul car ils sont teintés de christianisme. Ils restent néanmoins la seule source fiable dont nous disposons aujourd'hui pour mieux cerner le cheval (et les autres animaux qui lui sont associés, comme le cerf) dans ses divers rôles.\nNous le verrons comme attribut des divinités, une de leurs apparences ou comme compagnon des héros.\nÀ travers les différentes légendes majeures dans lesquelles le cheval intervient, nous pouvons voir que l'équidé joue deux rôles diamétralement opposés, celui du soleil et de la lune, à la fois bénéfique et néfaste. Il est tantôt annonciateur de mort et de malheur, tantôt porteur de vie et d'abondance à l'instar de l'eau qui peut noyer et désaltérer. Il est en cela lié intimement avec la royauté et le pouvoir car le roi est celui qui lie les hommes aux dieux, la terre mère nourricière aux bienfaits divins. Les rois celtiques conditionnent ainsi par leurs actes la destinée de leur peuple, ayant le pouvoir de vie et de mort sur leurs sujets.\n\tCette mythologie est également attestée dans le matériel archéologique et principalement sur les monnaies. Ces dernières nous livrent, par les personnages principaux représentés, les traits essentiels de ces histoires dont les descendants peuplent encore notre folklore.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55539486,"asset_id":16395641,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":17790422,"first_name":"Charlotte","last_name":"Van Eetvelde","domain_name":"spw","page_name":"CharlotteVanEetvelde","display_name":"Charlotte Van Eetvelde","profile_url":"https://spw.academia.edu/CharlotteVanEetvelde?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17790422/4967861/18770495/s65_charlotte.van_eetvelde.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":659,"name":"Comparative 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Romaine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numismatique_Gauloise_Et_Romaine?f_ri=17370"},{"id":1748773,"name":"Celtic Gods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Gods?f_ri=17370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44528298" data-work_id="44528298" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44528298/Reading_the_Lindisfarne_Gospels_Text_Image_Context">Reading the Lindisfarne Gospels: Text, Image, Context</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Building upon her work in the facsimile commentary volume on the Lindisfarne Gospels in 2003, Michelle Brown discusses further evidence for the dating of this important manuscript to c.715-722. She situatues its manufacture within the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44528298" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Building upon her work in the facsimile commentary volume on the Lindisfarne Gospels in 2003, Michelle Brown discusses further evidence for the dating of this important manuscript to c.715-722. She situatues its manufacture within the international debate concerning international orthodoxy, the healing of schisms in both East and West and the donation of Codex Amiatinus to the papacy. Iconographic, theological and textual evidence is adduced and the historical context for production and reception is explored further.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44528298" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2ef393e3293c7b3622c568758daca509" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64972833,"asset_id":44528298,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64972833/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30634920" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MichelleBrown43">Michelle Brown</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30634920" type="text/json">{"id":30634920,"first_name":"Michelle","last_name":"Brown","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MichelleBrown43","display_name":"Michelle Brown","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichelleBrown43?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30634920/8915738/9950614/s65_michelle.brown.jpg_oh_a4b3ade48ef48c079e17bcf3e8bfe6d2_oe_55d65784___gda___1439064622_5cc969b8571fc78bc63aa3d04bdf28ca"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44528298 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44528298"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44528298, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44528298", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44528298]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44528298").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44528298").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44528298"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies">Celtic Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1392" type="text/json">{"id":1392,"name":"Celtic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1446" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Medieval History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2371" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Saxon_Studies">Anglo-Saxon Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2371" type="text/json">{"id":2371,"name":"Anglo-Saxon Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Saxon_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2853" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies">Medieval Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2853" type="text/json">{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44528298]'), work: {"id":44528298,"title":"Reading the Lindisfarne Gospels: Text, Image, Context","created_at":"2020-11-18T10:35:30.020-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44528298/Reading_the_Lindisfarne_Gospels_Text_Image_Context?f_ri=17370","dom_id":"work_44528298","summary":"Building upon her work in the facsimile commentary volume on the Lindisfarne Gospels in 2003, Michelle Brown discusses further evidence for the dating of this important manuscript to c.715-722. 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Sea por la entrada del cristianismo en las islas o sea por la exportación del cristianismo insular, cobraron importancia nombres como San Patricio, San Columba, San Agustín, San Columbano o San Aidan.<br />Poco a poco, se irá desarrollando una nueva forma de aprendizaje, arte y literatura, estilo que ha sido denominado “celta”, "insular" o recientemente "hiberno-sajón", caracterizado por emplear la decoración de entrelazados, nudos, triquetas y abstracciones zoomórficas, tan características de los pueblos celtas autóctonos, en consonancia con un lenguaje cristiano de raíz continental.<br />Dentro de la gran producción libraria de impronta celta que se genera en los monasterios insulares, merece una especial mención el Libro de Kells, tema principal de este trabajo, por su contexto específico, su decoración, iconografía y excepcional habilidad técnica.<br /><br />During the time of transition between the Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, Great Britain, Ireland and the surrounding islands started to get the influence of the christianism, as well as to do the early export of its own insular current of this religion. Either from the access and diffusion of the christianism through the islands, or from the export of the insular christianism, it started to appear outstanding names as Saint Patrick, Saint Columba, Saint Augustine, Saint Columbanus or Saint Aidan.<br />Little by little, a new form of learning, art and literature will be developed. This new style, called "Celtic", "Insular" or recently "Hiberno-Saxon", is characterized by using the ornamentation of interlaces, knots, triquetras and zoomorphic abstractions -typical patterns of the indigenous Celtic peoples, along with a christian language rooted in the continental culture.<br />Within the great production of books of Celtic mark, generated on the insular monasteries, a main masterpiece is the Book of Kells, which will be the focus of this paper, due to its specific context, ornamentation, iconography and outstanding technical skill.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10344528" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="86c6620c4cb921143b299a6e0509a948" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36408355,"asset_id":10344528,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36408355/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3234616" href="https://uam.academia.edu/AngelEspinoHerrera">Angel Espino Herrera</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3234616" type="text/json">{"id":3234616,"first_name":"Angel","last_name":"Espino Herrera","domain_name":"uam","page_name":"AngelEspinoHerrera","display_name":"Angel Espino Herrera","profile_url":"https://uam.academia.edu/AngelEspinoHerrera?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3234616/1065818/7803673/s65_angel.espino_herrera.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10344528 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10344528"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10344528, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10344528", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10344528]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10344528").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10344528").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10344528"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1446" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Medieval History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5326" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Christianity">Early Christianity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5326" type="text/json">{"id":5326,"name":"Early Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Christianity?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9284" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_Ireland">Early Medieval Ireland</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9284" type="text/json">{"id":9284,"name":"Early Medieval Ireland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_Ireland?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17370" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History">Celtic History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17370" type="text/json">{"id":17370,"name":"Celtic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10344528]'), work: {"id":10344528,"title":"Arte y producción libraria en el entorno altomedieval hibernosajón: el Libro de Kells","created_at":"2015-01-26T15:47:13.533-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10344528/Arte_y_producci%C3%B3n_libraria_en_el_entorno_altomedieval_hibernosaj%C3%B3n_el_Libro_de_Kells?f_ri=17370","dom_id":"work_10344528","summary":"En el periodo de transición entre la Tardoantigüedad y la Edad Media, Gran Bretaña, Irlanda y las islas circundantes estaban comenzando a recibir la influencia del cristianismo y a exportar de forma temprana su propia corriente insular de esta fe. Sea por la entrada del cristianismo en las islas o sea por la exportación del cristianismo insular, cobraron importancia nombres como San Patricio, San Columba, San Agustín, San Columbano o San Aidan.\nPoco a poco, se irá desarrollando una nueva forma de aprendizaje, arte y literatura, estilo que ha sido denominado “celta”, \"insular\" o recientemente \"hiberno-sajón\", caracterizado por emplear la decoración de entrelazados, nudos, triquetas y abstracciones zoomórficas, tan características de los pueblos celtas autóctonos, en consonancia con un lenguaje cristiano de raíz continental.\nDentro de la gran producción libraria de impronta celta que se genera en los monasterios insulares, merece una especial mención el Libro de Kells, tema principal de este trabajo, por su contexto específico, su decoración, iconografía y excepcional habilidad técnica.\n\nDuring the time of transition between the Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, Great Britain, Ireland and the surrounding islands started to get the influence of the christianism, as well as to do the early export of its own insular current of this religion. Either from the access and diffusion of the christianism through the islands, or from the export of the insular christianism, it started to appear outstanding names as Saint Patrick, Saint Columba, Saint Augustine, Saint Columbanus or Saint Aidan.\nLittle by little, a new form of learning, art and literature will be developed. This new style, called \"Celtic\", \"Insular\" or recently \"Hiberno-Saxon\", is characterized by using the ornamentation of interlaces, knots, triquetras and zoomorphic abstractions -typical patterns of the indigenous Celtic peoples, along with a christian language rooted in the continental culture.\nWithin the great production of books of Celtic mark, generated on the insular monasteries, a main masterpiece is the Book of Kells, which will be the focus of this paper, due to its specific context, ornamentation, iconography and outstanding technical skill.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36408355,"asset_id":10344528,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3234616,"first_name":"Angel","last_name":"Espino Herrera","domain_name":"uam","page_name":"AngelEspinoHerrera","display_name":"Angel Espino Herrera","profile_url":"https://uam.academia.edu/AngelEspinoHerrera?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3234616/1065818/7803673/s65_angel.espino_herrera.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":5326,"name":"Early Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Christianity?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":9284,"name":"Early Medieval Ireland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Medieval_Ireland?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":17370,"name":"Celtic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":26891,"name":"Manuscripts (Medieval Studies)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manuscripts_Medieval_Studies_?f_ri=17370"},{"id":33184,"name":"Archaeology of Medieval Monasteries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Medieval_Monasteries?f_ri=17370"},{"id":90114,"name":"Vikings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vikings?f_ri=17370"},{"id":120177,"name":"Saint Patrick","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saint_Patrick?f_ri=17370"},{"id":329946,"name":"Book of Kells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Book_of_Kells?f_ri=17370"},{"id":493555,"name":"Lindisfarne, Monkwearmouth, Jarrow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lindisfarne_Monkwearmouth_Jarrow?f_ri=17370"},{"id":1133745,"name":"Medieval scriptoria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_scriptoria?f_ri=17370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33358553" data-work_id="33358553" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33358553/Monnaies_et_commerce_en_Gaule_du_Nord_IIe_si%C3%A8cle_avant_Ve_si%C3%A8cle_apr%C3%A8s_J_C_">Monnaies et commerce en Gaule du Nord (IIe siècle avant - Ve siècle après J.-C.)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Coins and commerce in Northern Gaul (2nd century BC - 5th century AD) What is known about the monetary circulation and trade in Northern Gaul, from the period of Gallic Independence until the disappearance of the Roman Empire of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33358553" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Coins and commerce in Northern Gaul<br />(2nd century BC - 5th century AD)<br /><br />What is known about the monetary circulation and trade in Northern Gaul, from the period of Gallic Independence until the disappearance of the Roman Empire of the West? It appears that the use of coinage during trade, in commercial transactions, was a secondary function. Whether they were Gallic nobles or Roman emperors, usurpers or officials, the issuing<br />powers, that is to say the authorities who decided to strike and distribute currencies, were not<br />interested in trade and markets. They minted coinage only to pay their expenses. And these expenses<br />were always military first and foremost.The Gallic aristocrats sought to extend their power, and for this purpose they surrounded themselves with a numerous clientele of warriors and maintained alliances. It was for this purpose that they struck their heavy gold coins. The Roman emperors first struck money to pay for the legionaries, to build and maintain roads, harbours and fleets, enabling the legions to move rapidly from one border of the Empire to the other. But it was necessary that the recipients of the currencies could exchange it for the goods necessary for life: food, drinks, clothes, housing, heating... The circulation of coins could only lead to the monetisation of trade and, in the medium term, the establishment of structures allowing<br />such monetised exchanges, such as markets, and a division of labour between farmers, artisans and<br />merchants.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33358553" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="67584bb506d9e52a29759ec9feb5677e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53416255,"asset_id":33358553,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53416255/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="272999" href="https://kuleuven.academia.edu/ChristianLauwers">Christian Lauwers</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="272999" type="text/json">{"id":272999,"first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Lauwers","domain_name":"kuleuven","page_name":"ChristianLauwers","display_name":"Christian Lauwers","profile_url":"https://kuleuven.academia.edu/ChristianLauwers?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/272999/56647/52241/s65_christian.lauwers.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33358553 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33358553"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33358553, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33358553", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33358553]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33358553").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33358553").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33358553"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">23</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History">Ancient History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130" type="text/json">{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="136" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History">Cultural History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="136" type="text/json">{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="829" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History">Roman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="829" type="text/json">{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies">Celtic Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1392" type="text/json">{"id":1392,"name":"Celtic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33358553]'), work: {"id":33358553,"title":"Monnaies et commerce en Gaule du Nord (IIe siècle avant - Ve siècle après J.-C.)","created_at":"2017-06-06T23:05:51.739-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33358553/Monnaies_et_commerce_en_Gaule_du_Nord_IIe_si%C3%A8cle_avant_Ve_si%C3%A8cle_apr%C3%A8s_J_C_?f_ri=17370","dom_id":"work_33358553","summary":"Coins and commerce in Northern Gaul\n(2nd century BC - 5th century AD)\n\nWhat is known about the monetary circulation and trade in Northern Gaul, from the period of Gallic Independence until the disappearance of the Roman Empire of the West? It appears that the use of coinage during trade, in commercial transactions, was a secondary function. Whether they were Gallic nobles or Roman emperors, usurpers or officials, the issuing\npowers, that is to say the authorities who decided to strike and distribute currencies, were not\ninterested in trade and markets. They minted coinage only to pay their expenses. And these expenses\nwere always military first and foremost.The Gallic aristocrats sought to extend their power, and for this purpose they surrounded themselves with a numerous clientele of warriors and maintained alliances. It was for this purpose that they struck their heavy gold coins. The Roman emperors first struck money to pay for the legionaries, to build and maintain roads, harbours and fleets, enabling the legions to move rapidly from one border of the Empire to the other. But it was necessary that the recipients of the currencies could exchange it for the goods necessary for life: food, drinks, clothes, housing, heating... The circulation of coins could only lead to the monetisation of trade and, in the medium term, the establishment of structures allowing\nsuch monetised exchanges, such as markets, and a division of labour between farmers, artisans and\nmerchants.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53416255,"asset_id":33358553,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":272999,"first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Lauwers","domain_name":"kuleuven","page_name":"ChristianLauwers","display_name":"Christian Lauwers","profile_url":"https://kuleuven.academia.edu/ChristianLauwers?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/272999/56647/52241/s65_christian.lauwers.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":1392,"name":"Celtic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":7282,"name":"Numismatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numismatics?f_ri=17370"},{"id":17370,"name":"Celtic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History?f_ri=17370"},{"id":17371,"name":"Celtic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Archaeology?f_ri=17370"},{"id":17987,"name":"Ancient numismatics (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_numismatics_Archaeology_?f_ri=17370"},{"id":23999,"name":"Iron Age Gaul (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron_Age_Gaul_Archaeology_?f_ri=17370"},{"id":28478,"name":"Roman numismatics and archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_numismatics_and_archaeology?f_ri=17370"},{"id":29392,"name":"Ancient Roman Numismatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Roman_Numismatics?f_ri=17370"},{"id":33108,"name":"Ancient Trade \u0026 Commerce (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Trade_and_Commerce_Archaeology_?f_ri=17370"},{"id":40134,"name":"Roman Gaul","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Gaul?f_ri=17370"},{"id":49536,"name":"Celtic numismatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_numismatics?f_ri=17370"},{"id":50657,"name":"Ancient Numismatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Numismatics?f_ri=17370"},{"id":52849,"name":"History of Commerce","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Commerce?f_ri=17370"},{"id":52982,"name":"Commerce","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commerce?f_ri=17370"},{"id":112415,"name":"Gallic Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gallic_Empire?f_ri=17370"},{"id":178811,"name":"The Gallic War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Gallic_War?f_ri=17370"},{"id":463900,"name":"Gallic Empire Coinage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gallic_Empire_Coinage?f_ri=17370"},{"id":499239,"name":"Gaule romaine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gaule_romaine?f_ri=17370"},{"id":616684,"name":"Merovingian Gaul","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Merovingian_Gaul?f_ri=17370"},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=17370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3636367" data-work_id="3636367" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3636367/Characteristics_and_Design_Influences_on_the_Welsh_House_over_the_Centuries">Characteristics and Design Influences on the Welsh House over the Centuries</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This essay highlights the main characteristics of the architecture of the Welsh house and provides an analysis of the influences on its design over the centuries. The various terms involved in the field are clearly explained before the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3636367" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This essay highlights the main characteristics of the architecture of the Welsh house and provides an analysis of the influences on its design over the centuries. The various terms involved in the field are clearly explained before the discussion is expanded, and pertinent examples are used of different forms of architecture in Wales and their locations, demonstrating effectively the factors that influenced design and its development over the years.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3636367" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2d1f7eceed1ee0fc0027da528883032a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31328978,"asset_id":3636367,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31328978/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4334776" href="https://trinitysaintdavid.academia.edu/CarlaZappal%C3%A0">Carla Zappalà</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4334776" type="text/json">{"id":4334776,"first_name":"Carla","last_name":"Zappalà","domain_name":"trinitysaintdavid","page_name":"CarlaZappalà","display_name":"Carla Zappalà","profile_url":"https://trinitysaintdavid.academia.edu/CarlaZappal%C3%A0?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4334776/1741114/2083694/s65_carla.jefferson.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3636367 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3636367"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3636367, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3636367", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3636367]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3636367").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3636367").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3636367"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">59</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="136" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History">Cultural History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="136" type="text/json">{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="206" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Change">Social Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="206" type="text/json">{"id":206,"name":"Social Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Change?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="954" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Anthropology">Social Anthropology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="954" type="text/json">{"id":954,"name":"Social Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Anthropology?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3636367]'), work: {"id":3636367,"title":"Characteristics and Design Influences on the Welsh House over the Centuries","created_at":"2013-05-31T18:09:21.789-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3636367/Characteristics_and_Design_Influences_on_the_Welsh_House_over_the_Centuries?f_ri=17370","dom_id":"work_3636367","summary":"This essay highlights the main characteristics of the architecture of the Welsh house and provides an analysis of the influences on its design over the centuries. 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Languages and Cultures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Languages_and_Cultures?f_ri=17370"},{"id":977907,"name":"Social and Psychological Dimensions of Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Psychological_Dimensions_of_Architecture?f_ri=17370"},{"id":977912,"name":"Environment Behaviour Interface","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environment_Behaviour_Interface?f_ri=17370"},{"id":977913,"name":"Leisure and Visual Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leisure_and_Visual_Culture?f_ri=17370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43835293" data-work_id="43835293" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43835293/A_Texture_of_Tradition_The_Significance_of_Harmony_in_the_Welsh_Session">A Texture of Tradition: The Significance of "Harmony" in the Welsh Session</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Despite a rich musical history and reputation as the “Land of Song,” Wales, with its array of musical traditions, remains largely absent from scholarly musical study. Research regarding Welsh traditional music is relatively limited,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43835293" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Despite a rich musical history and reputation as the “Land of Song,” Wales, with its array of musical traditions, remains largely absent from scholarly musical study. Research regarding Welsh traditional music is relatively limited, particularly in comparison with research regarding traditional music of other areas of the British Isles, and outdated, as few studies have been conducted recently enough to comment on the contemporary revitalization of Welsh language and culture and its effect on Welsh music. Seeking to bridge this gap in Celtic music research, I have studied Welsh traditional instrumental performance repertoire and practice through the medium of Welsh traditional music sessions in and around Cardiff. My findings suggest that, though several elements distinguish the Welsh session from other types of Celtic sessions, the texture of the Welsh session, which incorporates a significant homophonic element, an aspect that is absent from the majority of group instrumental traditions in the British Isles, contributes the most significantly to imbuing Welsh musicians with a sense of continuity with the past. Using Hobsbawm’s concept of invented tradition, I explore a continuum of musical traditions from the medieval bardic order in Wales to the modern Welsh session, identifying trends in the texture of sacred and secular music throughout history, their connection to current trends in Welsh traditional music texture, and the significance of those trends to the musicians of modern Welsh traditional music.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43835293" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="83f4e16425d1bfdd72af9dd8fcbe5ebc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64155063,"asset_id":43835293,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64155063/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="20151032" href="https://sunybuffalo.academia.edu/SallySchaefer">Sally A Schaefer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="20151032" type="text/json">{"id":20151032,"first_name":"Sally","last_name":"Schaefer","domain_name":"sunybuffalo","page_name":"SallySchaefer","display_name":"Sally A Schaefer","profile_url":"https://sunybuffalo.academia.edu/SallySchaefer?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20151032/5604682/35954129/s65_sally.schaefer.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43835293 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43835293"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43835293, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43835293", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43835293]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43835293").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43835293").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43835293"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="685" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Music_History">Music History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="685" type="text/json">{"id":685,"name":"Music History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Music_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="687" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Musicology">Musicology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="687" type="text/json">{"id":687,"name":"Musicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Musicology?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies">Celtic Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1392" type="text/json">{"id":1392,"name":"Celtic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1987" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnomusicology">Ethnomusicology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1987" type="text/json">{"id":1987,"name":"Ethnomusicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnomusicology?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43835293]'), work: {"id":43835293,"title":"A Texture of Tradition: The Significance of \"Harmony\" in the Welsh Session","created_at":"2020-08-11T19:11:40.002-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43835293/A_Texture_of_Tradition_The_Significance_of_Harmony_in_the_Welsh_Session?f_ri=17370","dom_id":"work_43835293","summary":"Despite a rich musical history and reputation as the “Land of Song,” Wales, with its array of musical traditions, remains largely absent from scholarly musical study. Research regarding Welsh traditional music is relatively limited, particularly in comparison with research regarding traditional music of other areas of the British Isles, and outdated, as few studies have been conducted recently enough to comment on the contemporary revitalization of Welsh language and culture and its effect on Welsh music. Seeking to bridge this gap in Celtic music research, I have studied Welsh traditional instrumental performance repertoire and practice through the medium of Welsh traditional music sessions in and around Cardiff. My findings suggest that, though several elements distinguish the Welsh session from other types of Celtic sessions, the texture of the Welsh session, which incorporates a significant homophonic element, an aspect that is absent from the majority of group instrumental traditions in the British Isles, contributes the most significantly to imbuing Welsh musicians with a sense of continuity with the past. Using Hobsbawm’s concept of invented tradition, I explore a continuum of musical traditions from the medieval bardic order in Wales to the modern Welsh session, identifying trends in the texture of sacred and secular music throughout history, their connection to current trends in Welsh traditional music texture, and the significance of those trends to the musicians of modern Welsh traditional music.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64155063,"asset_id":43835293,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":20151032,"first_name":"Sally","last_name":"Schaefer","domain_name":"sunybuffalo","page_name":"SallySchaefer","display_name":"Sally A Schaefer","profile_url":"https://sunybuffalo.academia.edu/SallySchaefer?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20151032/5604682/35954129/s65_sally.schaefer.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":685,"name":"Music History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Music_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":687,"name":"Musicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Musicology?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":1392,"name":"Celtic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":1987,"name":"Ethnomusicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnomusicology?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":5272,"name":"Identity (Culture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_Culture_?f_ri=17370"},{"id":7703,"name":"Welsh History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Welsh_History?f_ri=17370"},{"id":9650,"name":"Cultural Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Identity?f_ri=17370"},{"id":10422,"name":"National Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Identity?f_ri=17370"},{"id":16162,"name":"Traditional Music","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Music?f_ri=17370"},{"id":17018,"name":"Music and identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Music_and_identity?f_ri=17370"},{"id":17370,"name":"Celtic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History?f_ri=17370"},{"id":31548,"name":"Celtic Music","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Music?f_ri=17370"},{"id":36305,"name":"Welsh music","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Welsh_music?f_ri=17370"},{"id":302052,"name":"Field Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Field_Research?f_ri=17370"},{"id":1126877,"name":"Fiddling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fiddling?f_ri=17370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29054955" data-work_id="29054955" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29054955/Celtic_Symbols_Celtic_Identities_A_Folk_Historical_Analysis_of_Symbols_in_Celtic_Ethnopagan_Traditions">Celtic Symbols, Celtic Identities: A Folk Historical Analysis of Symbols in Celtic Ethnopagan Traditions</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Symbols are important cultural expressions that may be circulated through both time and space as groups appropriate, modify, and ascribe new meanings to them within a larger context of cultural appropriation and invented tradition. I... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29054955" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Symbols are important cultural expressions that may be circulated through both time and space as groups appropriate, modify, and ascribe new meanings to them within a larger context of cultural appropriation and invented tradition. I explore this process by looking at the construction of religious folk histories and how they related to the use of symbols by different groups of Celtic Neo-Pagan or " Ethnopagan " traditions in the United States and Britain. Data from print and electronic sources are analyzed to determine how these Ethnopagans appropriate, reinterpret, inflate, and conflate ancient Celtic and other European symbols, as well as recently invented symbols, into their ethnoreligious folk histories and repertoires. This process, including the appropriation of Celtic identity, is discussed in terms of its potential role in the construction, marking, legitimization, and validation of these ethnoreligious traditions and identities.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29054955" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9db1c5e014592e97eeac01d5a7441ba5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49508431,"asset_id":29054955,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49508431/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24695509" href="https://tamug.academia.edu/BrettFurth">Brett H Furth</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24695509" type="text/json">{"id":24695509,"first_name":"Brett","last_name":"Furth","domain_name":"tamug","page_name":"BrettFurth","display_name":"Brett H Furth","profile_url":"https://tamug.academia.edu/BrettFurth?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24695509/6679372/11160471/s65_brett.furth.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29054955 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29054955"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29054955, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29054955", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29054955]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29054955").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29054955").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29054955"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">34</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="98" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semiotics">Semiotics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="98" type="text/json">{"id":98,"name":"Semiotics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semiotics?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="120" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Religious_Movements">New Religious Movements</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="120" type="text/json">{"id":120,"name":"New Religious Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Religious_Movements?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="139" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnohistory">Ethnohistory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="139" type="text/json">{"id":139,"name":"Ethnohistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnohistory?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29054955]'), work: {"id":29054955,"title":"Celtic Symbols, Celtic Identities: A Folk Historical Analysis of Symbols in Celtic Ethnopagan Traditions","created_at":"2016-10-10T10:12:35.531-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29054955/Celtic_Symbols_Celtic_Identities_A_Folk_Historical_Analysis_of_Symbols_in_Celtic_Ethnopagan_Traditions?f_ri=17370","dom_id":"work_29054955","summary":"Symbols are important cultural expressions that may be circulated through both time and space as groups appropriate, modify, and ascribe new meanings to them within a larger context of cultural appropriation and invented tradition. I explore this process by looking at the construction of religious folk histories and how they related to the use of symbols by different groups of Celtic Neo-Pagan or \" Ethnopagan \" traditions in the United States and Britain. Data from print and electronic sources are analyzed to determine how these Ethnopagans appropriate, reinterpret, inflate, and conflate ancient Celtic and other European symbols, as well as recently invented symbols, into their ethnoreligious folk histories and repertoires. This process, including the appropriation of Celtic identity, is discussed in terms of its potential role in the construction, marking, legitimization, and validation of these ethnoreligious traditions and identities.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49508431,"asset_id":29054955,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24695509,"first_name":"Brett","last_name":"Furth","domain_name":"tamug","page_name":"BrettFurth","display_name":"Brett H Furth","profile_url":"https://tamug.academia.edu/BrettFurth?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24695509/6679372/11160471/s65_brett.furth.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":98,"name":"Semiotics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semiotics?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":120,"name":"New Religious Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Religious_Movements?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":139,"name":"Ethnohistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnohistory?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":294,"name":"Ethnic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_Studies?f_ri=17370"},{"id":787,"name":"Folklore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Folklore?f_ri=17370"},{"id":1392,"name":"Celtic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies?f_ri=17370"},{"id":2059,"name":"History of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religion?f_ri=17370"},{"id":2089,"name":"Social Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Identity?f_ri=17370"},{"id":3499,"name":"Social and Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=17370"},{"id":5272,"name":"Identity (Culture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_Culture_?f_ri=17370"},{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=17370"},{"id":7093,"name":"New Religions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Religions?f_ri=17370"},{"id":7370,"name":"Symbolism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbolism?f_ri=17370"},{"id":11308,"name":"Paganism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paganism?f_ri=17370"},{"id":12098,"name":"Ethnic Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_Identity?f_ri=17370"},{"id":14831,"name":"Narrative and Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative_and_Identity?f_ri=17370"},{"id":17140,"name":"Symbolic Anthropology (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbolic_Anthropology_Anthropology_?f_ri=17370"},{"id":17370,"name":"Celtic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History?f_ri=17370"},{"id":19390,"name":"Digital Ethnography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Ethnography?f_ri=17370"},{"id":23342,"name":"Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=17370"},{"id":24748,"name":"Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnicity?f_ri=17370"},{"id":30248,"name":"Neo-Paganism and Western Esotericism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neo-Paganism_and_Western_Esotericism?f_ri=17370"},{"id":35728,"name":"Neopaganism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neopaganism?f_ri=17370"},{"id":40381,"name":"Celtic religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_religion?f_ri=17370"},{"id":44006,"name":"Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity?f_ri=17370"},{"id":48550,"name":"Religious Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_Studies?f_ri=17370"},{"id":165615,"name":"Textual analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Textual_analysis?f_ri=17370"},{"id":170550,"name":"Druidism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Druidism?f_ri=17370"},{"id":192726,"name":"Religious Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_Identity?f_ri=17370"},{"id":257633,"name":"Folkloristics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Folkloristics?f_ri=17370"},{"id":332486,"name":"Druidry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Druidry?f_ri=17370"},{"id":619396,"name":"Anthropology of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Religion?f_ri=17370"},{"id":859967,"name":"Folk History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Folk_History?f_ri=17370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1075543" data-work_id="1075543" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1075543/Extremadura_y_la_Romanizaci%C3%B3n_Vettones_C%C3%A9lticos_y_T%C3%BArdulos_1995_">Extremadura y la Romanización (Vettones, Célticos y Túrdulos) (1995)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">RESUMEN. Este trabajo analiza, desde el punto de vista histórico, el sustrato prerromano inmediatamente anterior a la conquista por Roma del extenso territorio que hoy conocemos como Extremadura. Éste no se corresponde con una unidad... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1075543" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">RESUMEN. Este trabajo analiza, desde el punto de vista histórico, el sustrato prerromano inmediatamente anterior a la conquista por Roma del extenso territorio que hoy conocemos como Extremadura. Éste no se corresponde con una unidad igualmente definible en la Antigüedad, por lo que no debería tomarse como marco de estudio histórico para aquellas épocas, aunque ello se haga con tanta frecuencia. <br /> <br />Tras estudiar los contextos geográfico, climático y económico-productivo, a través de las pocas fuentes antiguas existentes sobre los diferentes pueblos que la ocupaban se emprende el análisis, por un lado, de los Vetones ("Vettones" serían “los más viejos”, según traducción de la autora) al norte, y, por otro, de los Célticos y los Túrdulos al sur (que se reparten, en el moderno sur extremeño, la vieja ‘regio’ llamada ‘Baeturia’, dedicados respectivamente a la minería del hierro, y a la de plomo y plata), así como el impacto sobre ellos de la conquista romana y sus posteriores latinización y romanización. Se reúnen, comentan y a veces puntualizan, las fuentes literarias útiles, junto a otros datos procedentes de la arqueología o de la epigrafía. <br /> <br />Para la autora es el año 185 a.C. el que marca el comienzo de la romanización definitiva de la Beturia, prácticamente medio siglo antes del que considera para la Extremadura norte, el 138 a.C. Esto, y un carácter más abierto de su economía, explicaría también en parte el apoyo posterior de la Beturia a Viriato, más tarde a Sertorio, y finalmente a César, teniendo en cuenta, por ejemplo, que durante las guerras civiles, los cesarianos de Urgavo "huían en masa a la Baeturia” (Bell. Hisp. 27.2). Por ello mismo no es extraño que cinco ciudades betúricas recibieran de César el apelativo de ‘municipium Iulium’, o que en esta época se estableciera por éste, en el más importante paso del río Ana (Guadiana), un probable 'praesidium' militar de nombre ‘Emerita’, que sería la base, ya bajo Augusto y entre los años 16 y 2 a.C., de una posterior ampliación, 'deductio' militar y estatuto colonial, ahora capitalino de la nueva provincia de Lusitania.  <br /> <br />La conclusión (p. 173) es que la actual Extremadura en la antigüedad romana no funcionó como una unidad, y ni siquiera formó parte de una misma provincia. La facilidad de la Turdetania para la metamorfosis cultural acabó contagiando, como bien decía Polibio, por proximidad y por parentesco, a sus vecinos célticos. Al norte del Guadiana y del Tajo hubo pueblos que lucharon largamente por su propia identidad e independencia y que, aunque rodeados de soldados, colonias y presidios en los que a duras penas se fueron integrando, consiguieron mantener aún rasgos de sus ancestros. Excepto las colonias militares romanas (Metellinum, Norba, Emerita, en su territorio), todos sus núcleos urbanos, tanto los Vetones como los Túrdulos, hubieron de esperar al ius Latii de manos de los Flavios. Pero al SO del Guadiana todo fue distinto. Igual que asimilaron lo oriental, lo fenicio, lo meseteño y lo púnico, y siglos más tarde lo visigodo y lo árabe, así los Célticos integraron a Roma en su cultura. De ahí que en un muy reducido espacio obtuvieran cinco municipios de derecho romano, cuando toda Lusitania sólo contaba con Olisipo (Plin. NH IV, 117). <br /> <br />El trabajo se publicó en el marco de un volumen dedicado a recoger los textos de las conferencias pronunciadas durante un ciclo organizado por la Consejería de Cultura y Patrimonio de la Junta de Extremadura y el Vicerrectorado de Cultura de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, en colaboración con la Universidad de Extremadura, que abarcaban también las novedades de los últimos diez años de arqueología en la región (1985-1995).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1075543" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b3798629c16109578b984b10b3bcd070" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38173156,"asset_id":1075543,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38173156/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="924519" href="https://uam.academia.edu/AliciaMCanto">Alicia M. Canto</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="924519" type="text/json">{"id":924519,"first_name":"Alicia M.","last_name":"Canto","domain_name":"uam","page_name":"AliciaMCanto","display_name":"Alicia M. Canto","profile_url":"https://uam.academia.edu/AliciaMCanto?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/924519/347757/28357499/s65_alicia_m..canto.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1075543 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1075543"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1075543, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1075543", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1075543 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1075543; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1075543"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1075543 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1075543"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1075543; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1075543]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1075543").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1075543").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1075543"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17370" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History">Celtic History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17370" type="text/json">{"id":17370,"name":"Celtic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="68134" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Romanizaci%C3%B3n">Romanización</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="68134" type="text/json">{"id":68134,"name":"Romanización","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Romanizaci%C3%B3n?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71960" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hispania">Hispania</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="71960" type="text/json">{"id":71960,"name":"Hispania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hispania?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="89683" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Spain">Roman Spain</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="89683" type="text/json">{"id":89683,"name":"Roman Spain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Spain?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1075543]'), work: {"id":1075543,"title":"Extremadura y la Romanización (Vettones, Célticos y Túrdulos) (1995)","created_at":"2011-11-08T16:17:20.163-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1075543/Extremadura_y_la_Romanizaci%C3%B3n_Vettones_C%C3%A9lticos_y_T%C3%BArdulos_1995_?f_ri=17370","dom_id":"work_1075543","summary":"RESUMEN. Este trabajo analiza, desde el punto de vista histórico, el sustrato prerromano inmediatamente anterior a la conquista por Roma del extenso territorio que hoy conocemos como Extremadura. Éste no se corresponde con una unidad igualmente definible en la Antigüedad, por lo que no debería tomarse como marco de estudio histórico para aquellas épocas, aunque ello se haga con tanta frecuencia. \r\n\r\nTras estudiar los contextos geográfico, climático y económico-productivo, a través de las pocas fuentes antiguas existentes sobre los diferentes pueblos que la ocupaban se emprende el análisis, por un lado, de los Vetones (\"Vettones\" serían “los más viejos”, según traducción de la autora) al norte, y, por otro, de los Célticos y los Túrdulos al sur (que se reparten, en el moderno sur extremeño, la vieja ‘regio’ llamada ‘Baeturia’, dedicados respectivamente a la minería del hierro, y a la de plomo y plata), así como el impacto sobre ellos de la conquista romana y sus posteriores latinización y romanización. Se reúnen, comentan y a veces puntualizan, las fuentes literarias útiles, junto a otros datos procedentes de la arqueología o de la epigrafía. \r\n\r\nPara la autora es el año 185 a.C. el que marca el comienzo de la romanización definitiva de la Beturia, prácticamente medio siglo antes del que considera para la Extremadura norte, el 138 a.C. Esto, y un carácter más abierto de su economía, explicaría también en parte el apoyo posterior de la Beturia a Viriato, más tarde a Sertorio, y finalmente a César, teniendo en cuenta, por ejemplo, que durante las guerras civiles, los cesarianos de Urgavo \"huían en masa a la Baeturia” (Bell. Hisp. 27.2). Por ello mismo no es extraño que cinco ciudades betúricas recibieran de César el apelativo de ‘municipium Iulium’, o que en esta época se estableciera por éste, en el más importante paso del río Ana (Guadiana), un probable 'praesidium' militar de nombre ‘Emerita’, que sería la base, ya bajo Augusto y entre los años 16 y 2 a.C., de una posterior ampliación, 'deductio' militar y estatuto colonial, ahora capitalino de la nueva provincia de Lusitania. \r\n\r\nLa conclusión (p. 173) es que la actual Extremadura en la antigüedad romana no funcionó como una unidad, y ni siquiera formó parte de una misma provincia. La facilidad de la Turdetania para la metamorfosis cultural acabó contagiando, como bien decía Polibio, por proximidad y por parentesco, a sus vecinos célticos. Al norte del Guadiana y del Tajo hubo pueblos que lucharon largamente por su propia identidad e independencia y que, aunque rodeados de soldados, colonias y presidios en los que a duras penas se fueron integrando, consiguieron mantener aún rasgos de sus ancestros. Excepto las colonias militares romanas (Metellinum, Norba, Emerita, en su territorio), todos sus núcleos urbanos, tanto los Vetones como los Túrdulos, hubieron de esperar al ius Latii de manos de los Flavios. Pero al SO del Guadiana todo fue distinto. Igual que asimilaron lo oriental, lo fenicio, lo meseteño y lo púnico, y siglos más tarde lo visigodo y lo árabe, así los Célticos integraron a Roma en su cultura. De ahí que en un muy reducido espacio obtuvieran cinco municipios de derecho romano, cuando toda Lusitania sólo contaba con Olisipo (Plin. NH IV, 117).\r\n\r\nEl trabajo se publicó en el marco de un volumen dedicado a recoger los textos de las conferencias pronunciadas durante un ciclo organizado por la Consejería de Cultura y Patrimonio de la Junta de Extremadura y el Vicerrectorado de Cultura de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, en colaboración con la Universidad de Extremadura, que abarcaban también las novedades de los últimos diez años de arqueología en la región (1985-1995). ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38173156,"asset_id":1075543,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":924519,"first_name":"Alicia M.","last_name":"Canto","domain_name":"uam","page_name":"AliciaMCanto","display_name":"Alicia M. 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Extremadura","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_De_Extremadura?f_ri=17370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41945329" data-work_id="41945329" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41945329/Karel_Castelin_Der_b%C3%B6hmische_Rolltierstater_und_die_s%C3%BCddeutschen_Regenbogensch%C3%BCsselchen">Karel Castelin: Der böhmische Rolltierstater und die süddeutschen Regenbogenschüsselchen</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Studie byla publikována roku 1964 v knize Jahrbuch für Numismatik und Geldgeschichte (Band14)  / The study was published in 1964 in the book Jahrbuch für Numismatik und Geldgeschichte (Band 14).</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41945329" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="863227e1ec57a581701647dda4e62c7e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62068087,"asset_id":41945329,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62068087/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down 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type="text/json">{"id":7282,"name":"Numismatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numismatics?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17370" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History">Celtic History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17370" type="text/json">{"id":17370,"name":"Celtic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41945329]'), work: {"id":41945329,"title":"Karel Castelin: Der böhmische Rolltierstater und die süddeutschen Regenbogenschüsselchen","created_at":"2020-02-11T14:07:17.344-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41945329/Karel_Castelin_Der_b%C3%B6hmische_Rolltierstater_und_die_s%C3%BCddeutschen_Regenbogensch%C3%BCsselchen?f_ri=17370","dom_id":"work_41945329","summary":"Studie byla publikována roku 1964 v 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itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3624976/The_Life_and_Works_of_Turlough_O_Carolan">The Life and Works of Turlough O’Carolan</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">A fascinating account of the life and works of Turlough O’Carolan, written in the style of entry for the Larousse Encyclopedia of Music. A concise and informative entry, which also includes an image of the composer.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3624976" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c71f0916280fb59f25023507f5f62700" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31317281,"asset_id":3624976,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31317281/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4334776" href="https://trinitysaintdavid.academia.edu/CarlaZappal%C3%A0">Carla Zappalà</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4334776" type="text/json">{"id":4334776,"first_name":"Carla","last_name":"Zappalà","domain_name":"trinitysaintdavid","page_name":"CarlaZappalà","display_name":"Carla Zappalà","profile_url":"https://trinitysaintdavid.academia.edu/CarlaZappal%C3%A0?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4334776/1741114/2083694/s65_carla.jefferson.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3624976 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3624976"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3624976, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3624976", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3624976]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3624976").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3624976").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3624976"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">22</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="386" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irish_Studies">Irish Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="386" type="text/json">{"id":386,"name":"Irish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irish_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="671" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Music">Music</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="671" type="text/json">{"id":671,"name":"Music","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Music?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="681" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Music">Early Music</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="681" type="text/json">{"id":681,"name":"Early Music","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Music?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="685" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Music_History">Music History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="685" type="text/json">{"id":685,"name":"Music History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Music_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3624976]'), work: {"id":3624976,"title":"The Life and Works of Turlough O’Carolan","created_at":"2013-05-29T05:48:11.842-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3624976/The_Life_and_Works_of_Turlough_O_Carolan?f_ri=17370","dom_id":"work_3624976","summary":"A fascinating account of the life and works of Turlough O’Carolan, written in the style of entry for the Larousse Encyclopedia of Music. 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","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31317281,"asset_id":3624976,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4334776,"first_name":"Carla","last_name":"Zappalà","domain_name":"trinitysaintdavid","page_name":"CarlaZappalà","display_name":"Carla Zappalà","profile_url":"https://trinitysaintdavid.academia.edu/CarlaZappal%C3%A0?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4334776/1741114/2083694/s65_carla.jefferson.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":386,"name":"Irish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irish_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":671,"name":"Music","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Music?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":681,"name":"Early Music","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Music?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":685,"name":"Music History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Music_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":693,"name":"Strings, Harp, And Guitar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strings_Harp_And_Guitar?f_ri=17370"},{"id":1392,"name":"Celtic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies?f_ri=17370"},{"id":5097,"name":"Blindness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blindness?f_ri=17370"},{"id":10582,"name":"Early Modern Ireland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Ireland?f_ri=17370"},{"id":10690,"name":"Irish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irish_History?f_ri=17370"},{"id":11156,"name":"Irish Music","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irish_Music?f_ri=17370"},{"id":16213,"name":"Folk Music","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Folk_Music?f_ri=17370"},{"id":17370,"name":"Celtic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History?f_ri=17370"},{"id":23117,"name":"British and Irish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_and_Irish_History?f_ri=17370"},{"id":29000,"name":"Celtic studies (Medieval Studies)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_studies_Medieval_Studies_?f_ri=17370"},{"id":29842,"name":"Ireland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ireland?f_ri=17370"},{"id":31300,"name":"Folk arts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Folk_arts?f_ri=17370"},{"id":31548,"name":"Celtic Music","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Music?f_ri=17370"},{"id":78155,"name":"Traditional Irish Music","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Irish_Music?f_ri=17370"},{"id":97332,"name":"Early and Medieval Irish, Irish History, Irish Literature, Medieval Literature, Medieval Studies, Celtic Studies, Irish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_and_Medieval_Irish_Irish_History_Irish_Literature_Medieval_Literature_Medieval_Studies_Ce?f_ri=17370"},{"id":102559,"name":"Celtic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic?f_ri=17370"},{"id":114053,"name":"Harps","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Harps?f_ri=17370"},{"id":161198,"name":"Vision Impairment and blindness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vision_Impairment_and_blindness?f_ri=17370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40430348" data-work_id="40430348" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40430348/PICTISH_SYMBOLS_LISTS_and_DISTRIBUTION_part_two_">PICTISH SYMBOLS: LISTS and DISTRIBUTION (part two)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Pictish symbols are here provided with a list of each symbol’s occurence, together with a distribution map of that symbol. The symbol lists are divided for convenience of size into two papers, Part One and Part Two. This paper is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40430348" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Pictish symbols are here provided with a list of each symbol’s occurence, together with a distribution map of that symbol.  <br />The symbol lists are divided for convenience of size into two papers, Part One and Part Two.<br />This paper is PART TWO.  <br />Part One contains mostly high-frequency symbols, Part Two the lower frequency symbols.  <br />A table of symbol frequency is included in Part One.  <br />These lists and maps are offered to enable exploration of possible concentrations or peculiarities of certain symbols, which may point to their significance, provide an insight into their function, and take us a step closer to understanding their meaning.  <br />The papers here do not offer indepth analysis of the data, except for a few brief header notes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40430348" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0cf11204a1784045ba3391e78e8483f3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60687321,"asset_id":40430348,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60687321/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa 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data-has-card-for-ri="1392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies">Celtic Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1392" type="text/json">{"id":1392,"name":"Celtic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2795" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Archaeology">Landscape Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2795" type="text/json">{"id":2795,"name":"Landscape Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Archaeology?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5305" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scottish_Studies">Scottish Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5305" type="text/json">{"id":5305,"name":"Scottish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scottish_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17370" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History">Celtic History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17370" type="text/json">{"id":17370,"name":"Celtic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40430348]'), work: {"id":40430348,"title":"PICTISH SYMBOLS: LISTS and DISTRIBUTION (part two)","created_at":"2019-09-24T03:38:16.366-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40430348/PICTISH_SYMBOLS_LISTS_and_DISTRIBUTION_part_two_?f_ri=17370","dom_id":"work_40430348","summary":"The Pictish symbols are here provided with a list of each symbol’s occurence, together with a distribution map of that symbol. \nThe symbol lists are divided for convenience of size into two papers, Part One and Part Two.\nThis paper is PART TWO. \nPart One contains mostly high-frequency symbols, Part Two the lower frequency symbols. \nA table of symbol frequency is included in Part One. \nThese lists and maps are offered to enable exploration of possible concentrations or peculiarities of certain symbols, which may point to their significance, provide an insight into their function, and take us a step closer to understanding their meaning. \nThe papers here do not offer indepth analysis of the data, except for a few brief header notes. \n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60687321,"asset_id":40430348,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":962411,"first_name":"helen","last_name":"mckay","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"helenmckay","display_name":"helen mckay","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/helenmckay?f_ri=17370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1392,"name":"Celtic 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art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_archaeology_and_art?f_ri=17370"},{"id":180142,"name":"Pictish Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pictish_Archaeology?f_ri=17370"},{"id":297848,"name":"Pictish History and Scottish Early Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pictish_History_and_Scottish_Early_Medieval_History?f_ri=17370"},{"id":310690,"name":"Picts and medieval archaeology and history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Picts_and_medieval_archaeology_and_history?f_ri=17370"},{"id":448323,"name":"Pictish symbols","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pictish_symbols?f_ri=17370"},{"id":525242,"name":"Pictish studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pictish_studies?f_ri=17370"},{"id":603177,"name":"Archaeology, particularly Bronze Age, Iron Age and Pictish Scotland.","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_particularly_Bronze_Age_Iron_Age_and_Pictish_Scotland?f_ri=17370"},{"id":852222,"name":"Pictish Symbol Stones /cartography/surveying","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pictish_Symbol_Stones_cartography_surveying?f_ri=17370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39083826" data-work_id="39083826" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39083826/Kral_Arthur_ve_Merlin_Ya%C5%9F%C4%B1yor_King_Arthur_and_Merlin_Are_Alive_">Kral Arthur ve Merlin Yaşıyor (King Arthur and Merlin Are Alive)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Bu kitap, kesin olarak kim olduğu çözülememiş olan ve hakkında onlarca teori ve senaryo üretilen Kral Arthur ve Merlin'e dair yeni bakış açıları sunmaya çalışmaktadır. Kral Arthur Efsanesi, Excalibur, Camelot ve Yuvarlak Masa Şövalyeleri... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39083826" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Bu kitap, kesin olarak kim olduğu çözülememiş olan ve hakkında onlarca teori ve senaryo üretilen Kral Arthur ve Merlin'e dair yeni bakış açıları sunmaya çalışmaktadır. Kral Arthur Efsanesi, Excalibur, Camelot ve Yuvarlak Masa Şövalyeleri gibi klasikleşmiş unsurlarının yanı sıra içinde barındırdığı gizemli öğeleriyle birlikte sıradan bir popüler kültür unsuru olmanın çok ötesindedir. <br /><br />Kitapta efsanenin klasik anlatılarına yer verilmekle beraber efsaneye dair ortaya atılan hemen hemen bütün tahminler ifade edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Kitapta ayrıca efsanenin bugüne kadar pek dillendirilmeyen siyasi, toplumsal ve dinsel yönleri de anlatılmıştır.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39083826" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0867d229d1ffad523afccd9959531936" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":89148402,"asset_id":39083826,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89148402/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="104887337" href="https://ogu.academia.edu/M%C3%BCcahit%C3%96zdo%C4%9Fan">Mücahit Özdoğan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="104887337" type="text/json">{"id":104887337,"first_name":"Mücahit","last_name":"Özdoğan","domain_name":"ogu","page_name":"MücahitÖzdoğan","display_name":"Mücahit Özdoğan","profile_url":"https://ogu.academia.edu/M%C3%BCcahit%C3%96zdo%C4%9Fan?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/104887337/29747819/73568917/s65_m_cahit._zdo_an.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39083826 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39083826"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39083826, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39083826", }); 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Kral Arthur Efsanesi, Excalibur, Camelot ve Yuvarlak Masa Şövalyeleri gibi klasikleşmiş unsurlarının yanı sıra içinde barındırdığı gizemli öğeleriyle birlikte sıradan bir popüler kültür unsuru olmanın çok ötesindedir. \n\nKitapta efsanenin klasik anlatılarına yer verilmekle beraber efsaneye dair ortaya atılan hemen hemen bütün tahminler ifade edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Kitapta ayrıca efsanenin bugüne kadar pek dillendirilmeyen siyasi, toplumsal ve dinsel yönleri de anlatılmıştır.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":89148402,"asset_id":39083826,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":104887337,"first_name":"Mücahit","last_name":"Özdoğan","domain_name":"ogu","page_name":"MücahitÖzdoğan","display_name":"Mücahit Özdoğan","profile_url":"https://ogu.academia.edu/M%C3%BCcahit%C3%96zdo%C4%9Fan?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/104887337/29747819/73568917/s65_m_cahit._zdo_an.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1392,"name":"Celtic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":4263,"name":"Christian Mysticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Mysticism?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":5326,"name":"Early Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Christianity?f_ri=17370"},{"id":17370,"name":"Celtic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History?f_ri=17370"},{"id":21824,"name":"Knights Templar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Knights_Templar?f_ri=17370"},{"id":82271,"name":"Celts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celts?f_ri=17370"},{"id":117575,"name":"Jesus Christ","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jesus_Christ?f_ri=17370"},{"id":129069,"name":"king Arthur","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/king_Arthur?f_ri=17370"},{"id":129070,"name":"Merlin (Sorcerer)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Merlin_Sorcerer_?f_ri=17370"},{"id":143764,"name":"Messiah Figures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Messiah_Figures?f_ri=17370"},{"id":267727,"name":"Christian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Studies?f_ri=17370"},{"id":385271,"name":"Merlin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Merlin?f_ri=17370"},{"id":429669,"name":"The Holy Grail","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Holy_Grail?f_ri=17370"},{"id":432581,"name":"Merlin (Wizard) Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Merlin_Wizard_Studies?f_ri=17370"},{"id":525481,"name":"King Arthur Pendragon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/King_Arthur_Pendragon?f_ri=17370"},{"id":719616,"name":"Geoffrey of Monmouth's Vita Merlini","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geoffrey_of_Monmouths_Vita_Merlini?f_ri=17370"},{"id":2160474,"name":"King Arthur Myths","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/King_Arthur_Myths?f_ri=17370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3640017" data-work_id="3640017" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3640017/Gildas_s_De_Excidio_Britanniae_Historia_and_Annales_Cambriae_A_defensible_case_for_an_historical_Arthur">Gildas’s De Excidio Britanniae, Historia and Annales Cambriae - A defensible case for an ‘historical’ Arthur?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This discussion considers the Arthurian elements presented in De Excidio, Historia Brittonum and the Annales Cambriae and analyses to what extent these may be indicative of the religious and political motives of their authors, rather... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3640017" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This discussion considers the Arthurian elements presented in De Excidio, Historia Brittonum and the Annales  Cambriae and analyses to what extent these may be indicative of the religious and political motives of their authors, rather than simplistically accepted as early primary sources recording reliable ‘evidence’ for an historical Arthur. The discussion is conducted using a framework for examining the texts, their wider historical and literary contexts, the authors’ motivations and the texts’ usefulness as historical ‘evidence’. It concisely distills all the relevant arguments and compares and contrasts various viewpoints. Finally it carefully unpicks the primary sources and demonstrates a number of problems concerning dating, later interpolations, inconsistencies, lack of clarity due to brevity (e.g. Arthur or Ambrosius?) and sensibly concludes that neither Historia Brittonum nor the Annales Cambriae can be viewed as reliable historical evidence, and that that the case for an historical Arthur is ‘unproven’.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3640017" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1aa66c696828d28589c07a42e8927270" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31333146,"asset_id":3640017,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31333146/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4334776" href="https://trinitysaintdavid.academia.edu/CarlaZappal%C3%A0">Carla Zappalà</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4334776" type="text/json">{"id":4334776,"first_name":"Carla","last_name":"Zappalà","domain_name":"trinitysaintdavid","page_name":"CarlaZappalà","display_name":"Carla Zappalà","profile_url":"https://trinitysaintdavid.academia.edu/CarlaZappal%C3%A0?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4334776/1741114/2083694/s65_carla.jefferson.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3640017 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3640017"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3640017, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3640017", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3640017]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3640017").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3640017").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3640017"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">40</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies">Celtic Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1392" type="text/json">{"id":1392,"name":"Celtic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1446" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Medieval History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2371" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Saxon_Studies">Anglo-Saxon Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2371" type="text/json">{"id":2371,"name":"Anglo-Saxon Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Saxon_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3640017]'), work: {"id":3640017,"title":"Gildas’s De Excidio Britanniae, Historia and Annales Cambriae - A defensible case for an ‘historical’ Arthur?","created_at":"2013-06-01T21:41:07.604-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3640017/Gildas_s_De_Excidio_Britanniae_Historia_and_Annales_Cambriae_A_defensible_case_for_an_historical_Arthur?f_ri=17370","dom_id":"work_3640017","summary":"This discussion considers the Arthurian elements presented in De Excidio, Historia Brittonum and the Annales Cambriae and analyses to what extent these may be indicative of the religious and political motives of their authors, rather than simplistically accepted as early primary sources recording reliable ‘evidence’ for an historical Arthur. The discussion is conducted using a framework for examining the texts, their wider historical and literary contexts, the authors’ motivations and the texts’ usefulness as historical ‘evidence’. It concisely distills all the relevant arguments and compares and contrasts various viewpoints. Finally it carefully unpicks the primary sources and demonstrates a number of problems concerning dating, later interpolations, inconsistencies, lack of clarity due to brevity (e.g. Arthur or Ambrosius?) and sensibly concludes that neither Historia Brittonum nor the Annales Cambriae can be viewed as reliable historical evidence, and that that the case for an historical Arthur is ‘unproven’.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31333146,"asset_id":3640017,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4334776,"first_name":"Carla","last_name":"Zappalà","domain_name":"trinitysaintdavid","page_name":"CarlaZappalà","display_name":"Carla Zappalà","profile_url":"https://trinitysaintdavid.academia.edu/CarlaZappal%C3%A0?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4334776/1741114/2083694/s65_carla.jefferson.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":1392,"name":"Celtic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":2371,"name":"Anglo-Saxon Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Saxon_Studies?f_ri=17370","nofollow":false},{"id":2418,"name":"Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature?f_ri=17370"},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=17370"},{"id":4268,"name":"Anglo-Saxon Studies 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Ancestral knowledge holders within Celtic society, directed all religious activity as the highest authority linked to the gods, practiced... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5796222" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Throughout history, the Druids have always been seen as sorcerers who had a strong bond with nature. Ancestral knowledge holders within Celtic society, directed all religious activity as the highest authority linked to the gods, practiced human sacrifices and festivals organized as Imbolc, Beltaine, Lugnasad or Samain, etc.. all aspects of which are discussed in this article.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5796222" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a36de275bd54ae04f0dcb29f05e28692" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52444080,"asset_id":5796222,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52444080/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1058813" href="https://ucm.academia.edu/ArturoSanchez">Arturo Sanchez Sanz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1058813" type="text/json">{"id":1058813,"first_name":"Arturo","last_name":"Sanchez Sanz","domain_name":"ucm","page_name":"ArturoSanchez","display_name":"Arturo Sanchez Sanz","profile_url":"https://ucm.academia.edu/ArturoSanchez?f_ri=17370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1058813/4187689/135090990/s65_arturo.s._sanz.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5796222 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5796222"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5796222, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5796222", }); 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