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-webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Indo-European Studies</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">21,005 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Indo-European Studies</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" 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Ethnographic Research in Peristan</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">An overview of the anthropological research on the Kalasha and neighbouring peoples of Chitral and Nuristan, carried out by the authors over a period of many decades, starting from 1973.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35077237" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dcc0741c08e0134452120dc4bfdacd75" rel="nofollow" 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type="text/json">{"id":56000749,"first_name":"Alberto","last_name":"Cacopardo","domain_name":"unifi","page_name":"AlbertoCacopardo","display_name":"Alberto M Cacopardo","profile_url":"https://unifi.academia.edu/AlbertoCacopardo?f_ri=5237","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-35077237">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-35077237"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://unifi.academia.edu/AugustoCacopardo">Augusto S Cacopardo</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-35077237'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-35077237').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35077237 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35077237"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35077237, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35077237", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_35077237 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35077237; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_35077237"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); 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u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3472" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Anthropology">Political Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3472" type="text/json">{"id":3472,"name":"Political Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Anthropology?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4834" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Anthropology">Economic Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4834" type="text/json">{"id":4834,"name":"Economic Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Anthropology?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies">Indo-European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5237" type="text/json">{"id":5237,"name":"Indo-European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5357" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5357" type="text/json">{"id":5357,"name":"Afghanistan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Afghanistan?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35077237]'), work: {"id":35077237,"title":"Anthropology and Ethnographic Research in Peristan","created_at":"2017-11-07T06:12:49.230-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35077237/Anthropology_and_Ethnographic_Research_in_Peristan?f_ri=5237","dom_id":"work_35077237","summary":"An overview of the anthropological research on the Kalasha and neighbouring peoples of Chitral and Nuristan, carried out by the authors over a period of many decades, starting from 1973.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54937943,"asset_id":35077237,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":56000749,"first_name":"Alberto","last_name":"Cacopardo","domain_name":"unifi","page_name":"AlbertoCacopardo","display_name":"Alberto M Cacopardo","profile_url":"https://unifi.academia.edu/AlbertoCacopardo?f_ri=5237","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":12582709,"first_name":"Augusto","last_name":"Cacopardo","domain_name":"unifi","page_name":"AugustoCacopardo","display_name":"Augusto S Cacopardo","profile_url":"https://unifi.academia.edu/AugustoCacopardo?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12582709/15930338/16435977/s65_augusto.cacopardo.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3472,"name":"Political Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Anthropology?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":4834,"name":"Economic Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Anthropology?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":5237,"name":"Indo-European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":5357,"name":"Afghanistan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Afghanistan?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":7361,"name":"Pakistan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pakistan?f_ri=5237"},{"id":99322,"name":"Nuristan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuristan?f_ri=5237"},{"id":365162,"name":"Nuristani languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuristani_languages?f_ri=5237"},{"id":552032,"name":"Nuristani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuristani?f_ri=5237"},{"id":668594,"name":"Hindu Kush-Himalayan Region","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hindu_Kush-Himalayan_Region?f_ri=5237"},{"id":964070,"name":"Northern Areas of Pakistan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Northern_Areas_of_Pakistan?f_ri=5237"},{"id":1642080,"name":"Kalash Valley Myths. Kalash Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kalash_Valley_Myths._Kalash_Culture?f_ri=5237"},{"id":1642082,"name":"Kalash Origin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kalash_Origin?f_ri=5237"},{"id":1819500,"name":"Kalash pakistan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kalash_pakistan?f_ri=5237"},{"id":1922889,"name":"Chitral","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chitral?f_ri=5237"},{"id":1948963,"name":"HIMALAYAN AND HINDUKUSH REGION OF PAKISTAN","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HIMALAYAN_AND_HINDUKUSH_REGION_OF_PAKISTAN?f_ri=5237"},{"id":2543597,"name":"Kalasha","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kalasha?f_ri=5237"},{"id":2730582,"name":"Kalasha people","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kalasha_people?f_ri=5237"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38404442" data-work_id="38404442" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38404442/Exploring_Celtic_Origins_New_ways_forward_in_archaeology_linguistics_and_genetics">Exploring Celtic Origins: New ways forward in archaeology, linguistics, and genetics</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">E x p l o r i n g C e l t i c O r i g i n s is the fruit of collaborative work by researchers in archaeology, historical linguistics, and archaeogenetics over the past ten years. T his team works towards the goal of a better understanding... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38404442" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">E x p l o r i n g C e l t i c O r i g i n s is the fruit of collaborative work by<br />researchers in archaeology, historical linguistics, and archaeogenetics<br />over the past ten years. T his team works towards the goal of a better<br />understanding of the background in the Bronze Age and Beaker P eriod<br />of the people who emerge as Celts and speakers of Celtic languages<br />documented in the I ron Age and later times. L ed by S ir Barry Cunliffe<br />and John Koch, the contributors present multidisciplinary chapters<br />in a lively user-friendly style, aimed at accessibility for workers in<br />the other fields, as well as general readers. T he collection stands as<br />a pause to reflect on ways forward at the moment of intellectual<br />history when the genome-wide sequencing of ancient DNA (a.k.a.<br />‘the archaeogenetic revolution’) has suddenly changed everything in<br />the study of later European prehistory. How do we deal with what<br />appears to be an irreversible breach in the barrier between science<br />and the humanities? Exploring Celtic O rigins includes colour maps<br />and illustrations and annotated Further R eading for all chapters.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38404442" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6bc0644f59e9f0997715c6142117a583" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58462064,"asset_id":38404442,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58462064/download_file?st=MTczMjgzNDM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="906216" href="https://wales.academia.edu/JohnKoch">John Koch</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="906216" type="text/json">{"id":906216,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Koch","domain_name":"wales","page_name":"JohnKoch","display_name":"John Koch","profile_url":"https://wales.academia.edu/JohnKoch?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/906216/2073547/2440127/s65_john.koch.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38404442 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38404442"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38404442, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38404442", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38404442 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38404442; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38404442"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38404442 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38404442"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38404442; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38404442]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38404442").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38404442").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38404442"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies">Celtic Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1392" type="text/json">{"id":1392,"name":"Celtic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies">Indo-European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5237" type="text/json">{"id":5237,"name":"Indo-European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12535" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeogenetics">Archaeogenetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12535" type="text/json">{"id":12535,"name":"Archaeogenetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeogenetics?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21432" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Bronze_Age_archaeology">Late Bronze Age archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="21432" type="text/json">{"id":21432,"name":"Late Bronze Age archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Bronze_Age_archaeology?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38404442]'), work: {"id":38404442,"title":"Exploring Celtic Origins: New ways forward in archaeology, linguistics, and genetics","created_at":"2019-02-21T02:49:26.414-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38404442/Exploring_Celtic_Origins_New_ways_forward_in_archaeology_linguistics_and_genetics?f_ri=5237","dom_id":"work_38404442","summary":"E x p l o r i n g C e l t i c O r i g i n s is the fruit of collaborative work by\nresearchers in archaeology, historical linguistics, and archaeogenetics\nover the past ten years. T his team works towards the goal of a better\nunderstanding of the background in the Bronze Age and Beaker P eriod\nof the people who emerge as Celts and speakers of Celtic languages\ndocumented in the I ron Age and later times. L ed by S ir Barry Cunliffe\nand John Koch, the contributors present multidisciplinary chapters\nin a lively user-friendly style, aimed at accessibility for workers in\nthe other fields, as well as general readers. T he collection stands as\na pause to reflect on ways forward at the moment of intellectual\nhistory when the genome-wide sequencing of ancient DNA (a.k.a.\n‘the archaeogenetic revolution’) has suddenly changed everything in\nthe study of later European prehistory. How do we deal with what\nappears to be an irreversible breach in the barrier between science\nand the humanities? Exploring Celtic O rigins includes colour maps\nand illustrations and annotated Further R eading for all chapters.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58462064,"asset_id":38404442,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":906216,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Koch","domain_name":"wales","page_name":"JohnKoch","display_name":"John Koch","profile_url":"https://wales.academia.edu/JohnKoch?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/906216/2073547/2440127/s65_john.koch.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1392,"name":"Celtic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":5237,"name":"Indo-European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":12535,"name":"Archaeogenetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeogenetics?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":21432,"name":"Late Bronze Age archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Bronze_Age_archaeology?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":34552,"name":"European Prehistory (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Prehistory_Archaeology_?f_ri=5237"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35148685" data-work_id="35148685" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35148685/Etruscan_Phrases_Indo_European_Table_1_Update_02_06_22_">Etruscan_Phrases Indo-European Table 1 (Update 02.06.22)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This table began as a comparison of Etruscan words to other Indo-European words, and it is clear that the linkage to Etruscan illuminates some new patterns in Indo-European word relationships. We added for further comparison words from... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35148685" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This table began as a comparison of Etruscan words to other Indo-European words, and it is clear that the linkage to Etruscan illuminates some new patterns in Indo-European word relationships. We added for further comparison words from the Baltic group (Latvian), Kartvelian (Georgian) and Uralic (Finnish) and Basque, a "language isolate" that looks as much Indo-European as othes in the Indo-European group. For those who advocate Hurrian connections Hurrian words that are available have been added to the table.  *PIE specialists have been speculating on the idea that the three language families, Baltic, Uralic and Kartvelian may be related to Indo-European, perhaps as a super family. <br />  The Indo-European family of languages is believed to have originated north of the Black Sea (Pontic Region). Some scholars have indicated a Caucasus origin. Although we can't rule out borrowing among [unrelated] languages it appears from the interesting shifts that the languages in our "Indo-European Table may be one family. I found šāl-a, šali, šala (Hurrian) <br />ასული, asuli, daughter(Georgian); თვით, t’vit’, self (Georgian), sevi, self (Latvian), vete, (Albanian); ხუთი, khut’i, five (Georgian), пяць, piać (Belarussian), pieci (Latvian), pesë (Albanian), pente (Greek) and pajncha (Sanskrit) interesting. (The interesting relationships continue through the table. The table is alphabetically arranged via the right-hand column, Etruscan words.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35148685" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="90bf772427e9bf96df676d0488d9adf7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80368531,"asset_id":35148685,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80368531/download_file?st=MTczMjgzNDM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="495257" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MelCopeland">Mel Copeland</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="495257" type="text/json">{"id":495257,"first_name":"Mel","last_name":"Copeland","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MelCopeland","display_name":"Mel Copeland","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MelCopeland?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/495257/169811/197913/s65_mel.copeland.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35148685 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35148685"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35148685, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35148685", }); 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We added for further comparison words from the Baltic group (Latvian), Kartvelian (Georgian) and Uralic (Finnish) and Basque, a \"language isolate\" that looks as much Indo-European as othes in the Indo-European group. For those who advocate Hurrian connections Hurrian words that are available have been added to the table. *PIE specialists have been speculating on the idea that the three language families, Baltic, Uralic and Kartvelian may be related to Indo-European, perhaps as a super family.\r\n The Indo-European family of languages is believed to have originated north of the Black Sea (Pontic Region). Some scholars have indicated a Caucasus origin. Although we can't rule out borrowing among [unrelated] languages it appears from the interesting shifts that the languages in our \"Indo-European Table may be one family. I found šāl-a, šali, šala (Hurrian)\r\nასული, asuli, daughter(Georgian); თვით, t’vit’, self (Georgian), sevi, self (Latvian), vete, (Albanian); ხუთი, khut’i, five (Georgian), пяць, piać (Belarussian), pieci (Latvian), pesë (Albanian), pente (Greek) and pajncha (Sanskrit) interesting. (The interesting relationships continue through the table. The table is alphabetically arranged via the right-hand column, Etruscan words. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80368531,"asset_id":35148685,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":495257,"first_name":"Mel","last_name":"Copeland","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MelCopeland","display_name":"Mel Copeland","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MelCopeland?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/495257/169811/197913/s65_mel.copeland.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":1207,"name":"Historical Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":2062,"name":"Greek Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Language?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":2718,"name":"Linguistic 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Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kartvelian_Linguistics?f_ri=5237"},{"id":631553,"name":"Proto-Kartvelian-Colchian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proto-Kartvelian-Colchian?f_ri=5237"},{"id":876721,"name":"Urartian language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urartian_language?f_ri=5237"},{"id":1154663,"name":"Indo-Uralic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-Uralic?f_ri=5237"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40197604" data-work_id="40197604" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40197604/Suffixal_o_vocalism_without_Amphikinesis_On_Proto_Indo_European_oi_stems_and_Ablaut_as_a_Diagnostic_for_Word_Stress">Suffixal *o-vocalism without "Amphikinesis": On Proto-Indo-European *oi-stems and Ablaut as a Diagnostic for Word Stress</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article proposes a new formal reconstruction of Proto-Indo-European (PIE) nouns containing the suffix *–oi–. I argue that both primary and non-primary derivatives in this class had stress alternating between the derivational suffix... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40197604" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article proposes a new formal reconstruction of Proto-Indo-European (PIE) nouns containing the suffix *–oi–. I argue that both primary and non-primary derivatives in this class had stress alternating between the derivational suffix and the following inflectional ending (e.g., ACC.SG *[-óy-ṃ] vs. GEN *[-y-ós]) rather than the "amphikinetic" alternation between root and inflectional ending (ACC.SG *[´-oy-ṃ] vs. GEN *[-y-ós]) that is traditionally assumed for all primary nominals with suffixal *[o]-vocalism under the widely accepted “Erlangen Model” (Schindler 1975a,b, Rix 1992) of Indo-European morphophonology. Support for this alternative reconstruction comes from Hittite, which confirms that the suffixal stress seen in the Greek reflex of this noun class was inherited from PIE rather than root stress as in Vedic Sanskrit. More broadly, I contend that an adequate account of the prosodic behavior of PIE *–oi-stems requires (i) abandoning the traditional connection between suffixal *[o]-grade and "amphikinetic" word stress; and (ii) adopting a framework (such as the one articulated by Kiparsky 2010) in which the suffix's capacity to attract stress in both primary and non-primary derivation can be modeled in a unified way.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40197604" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0b4df1165b0e5dca9dc207aadff79fad" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61752841,"asset_id":40197604,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61752841/download_file?st=MTczMjgzNDM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1330797" href="https://ucla.academia.edu/AnthonyYates">Anthony Yates</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1330797" type="text/json">{"id":1330797,"first_name":"Anthony","last_name":"Yates","domain_name":"ucla","page_name":"AnthonyYates","display_name":"Anthony Yates","profile_url":"https://ucla.academia.edu/AnthonyYates?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1330797/2529378/68798365/s65_anthony.yates.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40197604 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40197604"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40197604, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40197604", }); 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I argue that both primary and non-primary derivatives in this class had stress alternating between the derivational suffix and the following inflectional ending (e.g., ACC.SG *[-óy-ṃ] vs. GEN *[-y-ós]) rather than the \"amphikinetic\" alternation between root and inflectional ending (ACC.SG *[´-oy-ṃ] vs. GEN *[-y-ós]) that is traditionally assumed for all primary nominals with suffixal *[o]-vocalism under the widely accepted “Erlangen Model” (Schindler 1975a,b, Rix 1992) of Indo-European morphophonology. Support for this alternative reconstruction comes from Hittite, which confirms that the suffixal stress seen in the Greek reflex of this noun class was inherited from PIE rather than root stress as in Vedic Sanskrit. More broadly, I contend that an adequate account of the prosodic behavior of PIE *–oi-stems requires (i) abandoning the traditional connection between suffixal *[o]-grade and \"amphikinetic\" word stress; and (ii) adopting a framework (such as the one articulated by Kiparsky 2010) in which the suffix's capacity to attract stress in both primary and non-primary derivation can be modeled in a unified way. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61752841,"asset_id":40197604,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1330797,"first_name":"Anthony","last_name":"Yates","domain_name":"ucla","page_name":"AnthonyYates","display_name":"Anthony Yates","profile_url":"https://ucla.academia.edu/AnthonyYates?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1330797/2529378/68798365/s65_anthony.yates.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":1207,"name":"Historical Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":1239,"name":"Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":2062,"name":"Greek Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Language?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":2525,"name":"Language Variation and Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Variation_and_Change?f_ri=5237"},{"id":4727,"name":"Ancient Indo-European Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Indo-European_Languages?f_ri=5237"},{"id":5076,"name":"Sanskrit language and literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sanskrit_language_and_literature?f_ri=5237"},{"id":5237,"name":"Indo-European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=5237"},{"id":7901,"name":"Vedic Sanskrit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vedic_Sanskrit?f_ri=5237"},{"id":9183,"name":"Comparative Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Linguistics?f_ri=5237"},{"id":9729,"name":"Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress?f_ri=5237"},{"id":10866,"name":"Morphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphology?f_ri=5237"},{"id":12460,"name":"Anatolian Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anatolian_Languages?f_ri=5237"},{"id":12461,"name":"Hittite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hittite?f_ri=5237"},{"id":32522,"name":"Indo-European Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Linguistics?f_ri=5237"},{"id":33749,"name":"Proto Indo-European","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proto_Indo-European?f_ri=5237"},{"id":44724,"name":"Morphophonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphophonology?f_ri=5237"},{"id":52074,"name":"Ancient Greek Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_Language?f_ri=5237"},{"id":324308,"name":"Historical Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Phonology?f_ri=5237"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_74067043" data-work_id="74067043" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74067043/DID_INDO_EUROPEAN_LANGUAGES_STEM_FROM_A_TRANS_EURASIAN_ORIGINAL_LANGUAGE_AN_INTERDISCIPLINARY_APPROACH_LES_LANGUES_INDO_EUROPEENNES_SONT_ELLES_ISSUES_DUNE_LANGUE_ORIGINELLE_TRANS_EURASIENNE_UNE_APPROCHE_INTERDISCIPLINAIRE">DID INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES STEM FROM A TRANS-EURASIAN ORIGINAL LANGUAGE? AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH LES LANGUES INDO-EUROPEENNES SONT-ELLES ISSUES D'UNE LANGUE ORIGINELLE TRANS-EURASIENNE ? UNE APPROCHE INTERDISCIPLINAIRE</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This interdisciplinary study allowed me to establish, on the basis of linguistic, genetic, archaeological, historical and religious data, that linguistic concordances between Gaulish and Slavic were linked with Neolithic migrations from... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74067043" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This interdisciplinary study allowed me to establish, on the basis of linguistic, genetic, archaeological, historical and religious data, that linguistic concordances between Gaulish and Slavic were linked with Neolithic migrations from NorthWestern India and Pakistan to Iran, Mesopotamia, Anatolia, the Caucasus, the North of the Black Sea, Danubic and Balkan Europe, Gaul and Iberia, where Neolithic farmers contributed to the formation of the megalithic civilisation which developed in Gaul from 5.000 BC and brought an archaic language stemming from a Trans-Eurasian original language. This explains the linguistic concordances I established between Gaulish and Dravidian languages-250 common words from the 500 words I studied (and 160 with Burushaski), as well as with Altaic, Uralic, Kartvelian, Anatolian and Middle-Eastern languages. This also explains similarities I have found in the organisation of the Society and religion, which lead certain researchers to suggest, on the basis of the spread of the very ancient haplogroup H2 P-96 from India to Western Europe, that first Europeans and proto-Dravidians had an ancient common origin, as macrohaplogroups F and K, from which stem all European haplogroups, and haplogroup H could appear in India.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74067043" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2e53b144de53ef9b4baf96c905fb8bc2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82352972,"asset_id":74067043,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82352972/download_file?st=MTczMjgzNDM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="154061827" href="https://grhis.academia.edu/XavierRouard">Xavier Rouard</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="154061827" type="text/json">{"id":154061827,"first_name":"Xavier","last_name":"Rouard","domain_name":"grhis","page_name":"XavierRouard","display_name":"Xavier Rouard","profile_url":"https://grhis.academia.edu/XavierRouard?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/154061827/45555131/38210029/s65_xavier.rouard.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74067043 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74067043"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74067043, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74067043", }); 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AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH LES LANGUES INDO-EUROPEENNES SONT-ELLES ISSUES D'UNE LANGUE ORIGINELLE TRANS-EURASIENNE ? UNE APPROCHE INTERDISCIPLINAIRE","created_at":"2022-03-19T05:57:39.715-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/74067043/DID_INDO_EUROPEAN_LANGUAGES_STEM_FROM_A_TRANS_EURASIAN_ORIGINAL_LANGUAGE_AN_INTERDISCIPLINARY_APPROACH_LES_LANGUES_INDO_EUROPEENNES_SONT_ELLES_ISSUES_DUNE_LANGUE_ORIGINELLE_TRANS_EURASIENNE_UNE_APPROCHE_INTERDISCIPLINAIRE?f_ri=5237","dom_id":"work_74067043","summary":"This interdisciplinary study allowed me to establish, on the basis of linguistic, genetic, archaeological, historical and religious data, that linguistic concordances between Gaulish and Slavic were linked with Neolithic migrations from NorthWestern India and Pakistan to Iran, Mesopotamia, Anatolia, the Caucasus, the North of the Black Sea, Danubic and Balkan Europe, Gaul and Iberia, where Neolithic farmers contributed to the formation of the megalithic civilisation which developed in Gaul from 5.000 BC and brought an archaic language stemming from a Trans-Eurasian original language. This explains the linguistic concordances I established between Gaulish and Dravidian languages-250 common words from the 500 words I studied (and 160 with Burushaski), as well as with Altaic, Uralic, Kartvelian, Anatolian and Middle-Eastern languages. This also explains similarities I have found in the organisation of the Society and religion, which lead certain researchers to suggest, on the basis of the spread of the very ancient haplogroup H2 P-96 from India to Western Europe, that first Europeans and proto-Dravidians had an ancient common origin, as macrohaplogroups F and K, from which stem all European haplogroups, and haplogroup H could appear in India.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82352972,"asset_id":74067043,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":154061827,"first_name":"Xavier","last_name":"Rouard","domain_name":"grhis","page_name":"XavierRouard","display_name":"Xavier Rouard","profile_url":"https://grhis.academia.edu/XavierRouard?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/154061827/45555131/38210029/s65_xavier.rouard.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1031,"name":"Southeast Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":1207,"name":"Historical Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":1956,"name":"Anatolian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anatolian_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":2715,"name":"Slavic Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Slavic_Languages?f_ri=5237"},{"id":4727,"name":"Ancient Indo-European Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Indo-European_Languages?f_ri=5237"},{"id":5237,"name":"Indo-European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=5237"},{"id":11199,"name":"Neolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology?f_ri=5237"},{"id":19832,"name":"Indo-Iranian Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-Iranian_Linguistics?f_ri=5237"},{"id":25712,"name":"Ancient DNA Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_DNA_Research?f_ri=5237"},{"id":50450,"name":"Dravidian Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dravidian_Linguistics?f_ri=5237"},{"id":97186,"name":"Kartvelian Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kartvelian_Languages?f_ri=5237"},{"id":396340,"name":"Gaulish language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gaulish_language?f_ri=5237"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40205886" data-work_id="40205886" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40205886/The_Celtic_Theology_of_Devotion">The Celtic Theology of Devotion</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Druid referenced by Julius Caesar in his Gallic War Commentaries went by the name of Diviciacus. This name was more of a title, a job description if you wish than a true personal name. Indeed, Diviciacus was the Latinized form of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40205886" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Druid referenced by Julius Caesar in his Gallic War Commentaries went by the name of Diviciacus. This name was more of a title, a job description if you wish than a true personal name. Indeed, Diviciacus was the Latinized form of Deiuiciacos which meant “theologian;” theology being deiuiciacto in Old Gallic. Sadly, Caesar gives us little mention of what school of theology Diviciacus did profess to.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40205886" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="adc3f011e51310dc63ac406e27a7d560" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60431913,"asset_id":40205886,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60431913/download_file?st=MTczMjgzNDM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3820703" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MichelG%C3%A9raldBoutet">Michel Gérald Boutet</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3820703" type="text/json">{"id":3820703,"first_name":"Michel Gérald","last_name":"Boutet","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MichelGéraldBoutet","display_name":"Michel Gérald Boutet","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichelG%C3%A9raldBoutet?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3820703/1394290/1714942/s65_michel_g_rald.boutet.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40205886 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40205886"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40205886, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40205886", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40205886]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40205886").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40205886").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40205886"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History">Ancient History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130" type="text/json">{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3178" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Philology">Celtic Philology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3178" type="text/json">{"id":3178,"name":"Celtic Philology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Philology?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies">Indo-European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5237" type="text/json">{"id":5237,"name":"Indo-European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17370" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History">Celtic History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17370" type="text/json">{"id":17370,"name":"Celtic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40205886]'), work: {"id":40205886,"title":"The Celtic Theology of Devotion","created_at":"2019-08-29T09:02:58.310-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40205886/The_Celtic_Theology_of_Devotion?f_ri=5237","dom_id":"work_40205886","summary":"The Druid referenced by Julius Caesar in his Gallic War Commentaries went by the name of Diviciacus. This name was more of a title, a job description if you wish than a true personal name. Indeed, Diviciacus was the Latinized form of Deiuiciacos which meant “theologian;” theology being deiuiciacto in Old Gallic. Sadly, Caesar gives us little mention of what school of theology Diviciacus did profess to.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60431913,"asset_id":40205886,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3820703,"first_name":"Michel Gérald","last_name":"Boutet","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MichelGéraldBoutet","display_name":"Michel Gérald Boutet","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichelG%C3%A9raldBoutet?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3820703/1394290/1714942/s65_michel_g_rald.boutet.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":3178,"name":"Celtic Philology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Philology?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":5237,"name":"Indo-European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":17370,"name":"Celtic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":143664,"name":"Vedic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vedic_Studies?f_ri=5237"},{"id":146469,"name":"Vedic religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vedic_religion?f_ri=5237"},{"id":170550,"name":"Druidism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Druidism?f_ri=5237"},{"id":332486,"name":"Druidry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Druidry?f_ri=5237"},{"id":332519,"name":"Irish Druidry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irish_Druidry?f_ri=5237"},{"id":451098,"name":"Druid history and culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Druid_history_and_culture?f_ri=5237"},{"id":1138627,"name":"Religión Céltica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion_Celtica?f_ri=5237"},{"id":1433270,"name":"Classical Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Studies?f_ri=5237"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2366497" data-work_id="2366497" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2366497/Comment_bien_appr%C3%A9hender_la_religion_gauloise_">Comment (bien) appréhender la religion gauloise ?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2366497" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="88a96b48ff5a972286847ced140b3963" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30580283,"asset_id":2366497,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30580283/download_file?st=MTczMjgzNDM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="524143" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Val%C3%A9ryRaydon">Valéry Raydon</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="524143" type="text/json">{"id":524143,"first_name":"Valéry","last_name":"Raydon","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ValéryRaydon","display_name":"Valéry Raydon","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Val%C3%A9ryRaydon?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/524143/185106/119156136/s65_val_ry.raydon.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2366497 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2366497"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2366497, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2366497", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2366497 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2366497; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2366497"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2366497 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2366497"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2366497; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2366497]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2366497").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2366497").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2366497"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="788" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology">Mythology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="788" type="text/json">{"id":788,"name":"Mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies">Celtic Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1392" type="text/json">{"id":1392,"name":"Celtic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies">Indo-European Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5237" type="text/json">{"id":5237,"name":"Indo-European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2366497]'), work: {"id":2366497,"title":"Comment (bien) appréhender la religion gauloise ?","created_at":"2013-01-06T00:45:55.800-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2366497/Comment_bien_appr%C3%A9hender_la_religion_gauloise_?f_ri=5237","dom_id":"work_2366497","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30580283,"asset_id":2366497,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":524143,"first_name":"Valéry","last_name":"Raydon","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ValéryRaydon","display_name":"Valéry Raydon","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Val%C3%A9ryRaydon?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/524143/185106/119156136/s65_val_ry.raydon.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":788,"name":"Mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":1392,"name":"Celtic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":5237,"name":"Indo-European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":17371,"name":"Celtic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Archaeology?f_ri=5237"},{"id":23999,"name":"Iron Age Gaul (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron_Age_Gaul_Archaeology_?f_ri=5237"},{"id":40381,"name":"Celtic religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_religion?f_ri=5237"},{"id":42196,"name":"Protohistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protohistory?f_ri=5237"},{"id":42197,"name":"Iron Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron_Age?f_ri=5237"},{"id":49050,"name":"Romano-Celtic Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Romano-Celtic_Religion?f_ri=5237"},{"id":134619,"name":"Celtic Mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Mythology?f_ri=5237"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18213035" data-work_id="18213035" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18213035/Proto_Indo_European_Nominal_Morphology_Part_1_The_Noun">Proto-Indo-European Nominal Morphology. Part 1: The Noun</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">This article provides an overview of Proto-Indo-European noun morphology.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18213035" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cd777a823d9852de3cb95cce83e83605" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40877798,"asset_id":18213035,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40877798/download_file?st=MTczMjgzNDM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="607066" href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/RolandPooth">Roland Pooth</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="607066" type="text/json">{"id":607066,"first_name":"Roland","last_name":"Pooth","domain_name":"leidenuniv","page_name":"RolandPooth","display_name":"Roland Pooth","profile_url":"https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/RolandPooth?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/607066/212112/12156639/s65_roland.pooth.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18213035 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18213035"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18213035, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18213035", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_18213035 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18213035; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_18213035"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18213035 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18213035"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18213035; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18213035]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18213035").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18213035").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18213035"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="778" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diachronic_Linguistics_Or_Historical_Linguistics_">Diachronic Linguistics (Or Historical Linguistics)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="778" type="text/json">{"id":778,"name":"Diachronic Linguistics (Or Historical Linguistics)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diachronic_Linguistics_Or_Historical_Linguistics_?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1200" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics">Languages and Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1200" type="text/json">{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1207" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics">Historical Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1207" type="text/json">{"id":1207,"name":"Historical Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1350" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-european_language_reconstruction">Indo-european language reconstruction</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1350" type="text/json">{"id":1350,"name":"Indo-european language reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-european_language_reconstruction?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18213035]'), work: {"id":18213035,"title":"Proto-Indo-European Nominal Morphology. 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According to this hypothesis, Proto-Indo-European and Proto-Uralic are alleged to descend from a common... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40002289" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">There have been numerous attempts to find relatives of Proto-Indo-European, not the least of which is the Indo-Uralic Hypothesis. According to this hypothesis, Proto-Indo-European and Proto-Uralic are alleged to descend from a common ancestor. However, attempts to prove this hypothesis have run into numerous difficulties. One difficulty concerns the inability to reconstruct the ancestral morphological system in detail, and another concerns the rather small shared vocabulary. This latter problem is further complicated by the fact that many scholars think in terms of borrowing rather than inheritance. Moreover, the lack of agreement in vocabulary affects the ability to establish viable sound correspondences and rules of combinability. This paper will attempt to show that these and other difficulties are caused, at least in large part, by the question of the origins of the Indo-European parent language. Evidence will be presented to demonstrate that Proto-Indo-European is the result of the imposition of a Eurasiatic language-to use Greenberg's term-on a population speaking one or more primordial Northwest Caucasian languages.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40002289" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="67989b46d3d48238b320f534ce0a2846" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60857291,"asset_id":40002289,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60857291/download_file?st=MTczMjgzNDM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="261548" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AllanBomhard">Allan Bomhard</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="261548" type="text/json">{"id":261548,"first_name":"Allan","last_name":"Bomhard","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AllanBomhard","display_name":"Allan Bomhard","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AllanBomhard?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/261548/64396/3459336/s65_allan.bomhard.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40002289 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40002289"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40002289, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40002289", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40002289]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40002289").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40002289").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40002289"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1350" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-european_language_reconstruction">Indo-european language reconstruction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1350" type="text/json">{"id":1350,"name":"Indo-european language reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-european_language_reconstruction?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4727" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Indo-European_Languages">Ancient Indo-European Languages</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4727" type="text/json">{"id":4727,"name":"Ancient Indo-European Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Indo-European_Languages?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies">Indo-European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5237" type="text/json">{"id":5237,"name":"Indo-European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="32522" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Linguistics">Indo-European Linguistics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="32522" type="text/json">{"id":32522,"name":"Indo-European Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Linguistics?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40002289]'), work: {"id":40002289,"title":"Bomhard - The Origins of Proto-Indo-European: The Caucasian Substrate Hypothesis (JIES, Volume 47, Numbers 1 \u0026 2, Spring/Summer 2019; pre-print)","created_at":"2019-08-03T00:40:38.741-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40002289/Bomhard_The_Origins_of_Proto_Indo_European_The_Caucasian_Substrate_Hypothesis_JIES_Volume_47_Numbers_1_and_2_Spring_Summer_2019_pre_print_?f_ri=5237","dom_id":"work_40002289","summary":"There have been numerous attempts to find relatives of Proto-Indo-European, not the least of which is the Indo-Uralic Hypothesis. According to this hypothesis, Proto-Indo-European and Proto-Uralic are alleged to descend from a common ancestor. However, attempts to prove this hypothesis have run into numerous difficulties. One difficulty concerns the inability to reconstruct the ancestral morphological system in detail, and another concerns the rather small shared vocabulary. This latter problem is further complicated by the fact that many scholars think in terms of borrowing rather than inheritance. Moreover, the lack of agreement in vocabulary affects the ability to establish viable sound correspondences and rules of combinability. This paper will attempt to show that these and other difficulties are caused, at least in large part, by the question of the origins of the Indo-European parent language. Evidence will be presented to demonstrate that Proto-Indo-European is the result of the imposition of a Eurasiatic language-to use Greenberg's term-on a population speaking one or more primordial Northwest Caucasian languages.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60857291,"asset_id":40002289,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":261548,"first_name":"Allan","last_name":"Bomhard","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AllanBomhard","display_name":"Allan Bomhard","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AllanBomhard?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/261548/64396/3459336/s65_allan.bomhard.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1350,"name":"Indo-european language reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-european_language_reconstruction?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":4727,"name":"Ancient Indo-European Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Indo-European_Languages?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":5237,"name":"Indo-European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":32522,"name":"Indo-European Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Linguistics?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":33749,"name":"Proto Indo-European","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proto_Indo-European?f_ri=5237"},{"id":127503,"name":"Indo-European","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European?f_ri=5237"},{"id":131296,"name":"Comparative Indo-European Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Indo-European_Linguistics?f_ri=5237"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_498331" data-work_id="498331" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/498331/Sociolinguistics_of_the_Luvian_Language">Sociolinguistics of the Luvian Language</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Luvian is the language of Anatolian hieroglyphic inscriptions and a close relative of Hittite. This book explores the Luvian ethnic history through sociolinguistic methods, with an emphasis on the interpretation of contacts between Luvian... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_498331" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Luvian is the language of Anatolian hieroglyphic inscriptions and a close relative of Hittite. This book explores the Luvian ethnic history through sociolinguistic methods, with an emphasis on the interpretation of contacts between Luvian and its linguistic neighbors, such as Hittite, Hurrian, and Greek. It is concluded that Luvian was originally spoken in the central part of Anatolia. Subsequent Luvian migrations were connected with the expansion of the Hittite state, where Hittite was the socially dominant language, but the Luvian speakers were more numerous. The unstable balance between the Hittite and the Luvian speakers continued to shift in favor of the second group, to the point that the Hittite elites were fully bilingual in Luvian.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/498331" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d2d909580e2bc5e1a9ca4c0fa8c54e2a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":3526143,"asset_id":498331,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/3526143/download_file?st=MTczMjgzNDM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="352540" href="https://uni-marburg.academia.edu/IlyaYakubovich">Ilya Yakubovich</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="352540" type="text/json">{"id":352540,"first_name":"Ilya","last_name":"Yakubovich","domain_name":"uni-marburg","page_name":"IlyaYakubovich","display_name":"Ilya Yakubovich","profile_url":"https://uni-marburg.academia.edu/IlyaYakubovich?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/352540/94658/82606271/s65_ilya.yakubovich.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_498331 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="498331"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 498331, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_498331", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=498331]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_498331").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_498331").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="498331"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2524" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociolinguistics">Sociolinguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2524" type="text/json">{"id":2524,"name":"Sociolinguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociolinguistics?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4727" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Indo-European_Languages">Ancient Indo-European Languages</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4727" type="text/json">{"id":4727,"name":"Ancient Indo-European Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Indo-European_Languages?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies">Indo-European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5237" type="text/json">{"id":5237,"name":"Indo-European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12461" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hittite">Hittite</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12461" type="text/json">{"id":12461,"name":"Hittite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hittite?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=498331]'), work: {"id":498331,"title":"Sociolinguistics of the Luvian Language","created_at":"2011-03-29T00:34:44.615-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/498331/Sociolinguistics_of_the_Luvian_Language?f_ri=5237","dom_id":"work_498331","summary":"Luvian is the language of Anatolian hieroglyphic inscriptions and a close relative of Hittite. This book explores the Luvian ethnic history through sociolinguistic methods, with an emphasis on the interpretation of contacts between Luvian and its linguistic neighbors, such as Hittite, Hurrian, and Greek. It is concluded that Luvian was originally spoken in the central part of Anatolia. Subsequent Luvian migrations were connected with the expansion of the Hittite state, where Hittite was the socially dominant language, but the Luvian speakers were more numerous. The unstable balance between the Hittite and the Luvian speakers continued to shift in favor of the second group, to the point that the Hittite elites were fully bilingual in Luvian.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":3526143,"asset_id":498331,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":352540,"first_name":"Ilya","last_name":"Yakubovich","domain_name":"uni-marburg","page_name":"IlyaYakubovich","display_name":"Ilya Yakubovich","profile_url":"https://uni-marburg.academia.edu/IlyaYakubovich?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/352540/94658/82606271/s65_ilya.yakubovich.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2524,"name":"Sociolinguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociolinguistics?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":4727,"name":"Ancient Indo-European Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Indo-European_Languages?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":5237,"name":"Indo-European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":12461,"name":"Hittite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hittite?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":12462,"name":"Luwian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Luwian?f_ri=5237"},{"id":16017,"name":"Loanwords, Language contact \u0026 change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Loanwords_Language_contact_and_change?f_ri=5237"},{"id":18032,"name":"Aegean Prehistory (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aegean_Prehistory_Archaeology_?f_ri=5237"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41095843" data-work_id="41095843" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41095843/Theology_of_the_Four_Masters_The_Four_Primordial_Druids_in_Celtic_Myths">Theology of the Four Masters The Four Primordial Druids in Celtic Myths</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The following is an exploration into the structure of the Monist theology and cosmological philosophy of the ancient Celtic Druids, focusing especially on the four lines attributed to the Four Masters. Again, for this endeavor, is the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41095843" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The following is an exploration into the structure of the Monist theology and cosmological philosophy of the ancient Celtic Druids, focusing especially on the four lines attributed to the Four Masters. Again, for this endeavor, is the need to gather the Celtic material and compare it to the related Indo-European data. Whilst the focus on the foundational mythological theme of the four primordial master poet teachers found in the many Indo-European traditions comparable to those of the Celts. Much of the material gathered here consists mainly of French documents and letters which I had collected over the decades and which needed a translation. The main sources for this study consist of Celtic scholars which I was in contact with. These were the distinguished linguist Joseph Monard, and Serj Pinault, artist and contributing author of Ialon-Clairière, the Celtic and druidical studies bulletin based in Britany, France.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41095843" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e6fbec547d99955ae8bfb7720d64563f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61730718,"asset_id":41095843,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61730718/download_file?st=MTczMjgzNDM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3820703" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MichelG%C3%A9raldBoutet">Michel Gérald Boutet</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3820703" type="text/json">{"id":3820703,"first_name":"Michel Gérald","last_name":"Boutet","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MichelGéraldBoutet","display_name":"Michel Gérald Boutet","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichelG%C3%A9raldBoutet?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3820703/1394290/1714942/s65_michel_g_rald.boutet.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41095843 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41095843"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41095843, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41095843", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41095843]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41095843").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41095843").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41095843"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies">Indo-European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5237" type="text/json">{"id":5237,"name":"Indo-European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17370" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History">Celtic History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17370" type="text/json">{"id":17370,"name":"Celtic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="45848" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Art">Celtic Art</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="45848" type="text/json">{"id":45848,"name":"Celtic Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Art?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49050" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Romano-Celtic_Religion">Romano-Celtic Religion</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="49050" type="text/json">{"id":49050,"name":"Romano-Celtic Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Romano-Celtic_Religion?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41095843]'), work: {"id":41095843,"title":"Theology of the Four Masters The Four Primordial Druids in Celtic Myths","created_at":"2019-11-27T08:15:02.774-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41095843/Theology_of_the_Four_Masters_The_Four_Primordial_Druids_in_Celtic_Myths?f_ri=5237","dom_id":"work_41095843","summary":"The following is an exploration into the structure of the Monist theology and cosmological philosophy of the ancient Celtic Druids, focusing especially on the four lines attributed to the Four Masters. Again, for this endeavor, is the need to gather the Celtic material and compare it to the related Indo-European data. Whilst the focus on the foundational mythological theme of the four primordial master poet teachers found in the many Indo-European traditions comparable to those of the Celts. Much of the material gathered here consists mainly of French documents and letters which I had collected over the decades and which needed a translation. The main sources for this study consist of Celtic scholars which I was in contact with. These were the distinguished linguist Joseph Monard, and Serj Pinault, artist and contributing author of Ialon-Clairière, the Celtic and druidical studies bulletin based in Britany, France.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61730718,"asset_id":41095843,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3820703,"first_name":"Michel Gérald","last_name":"Boutet","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MichelGéraldBoutet","display_name":"Michel Gérald Boutet","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichelG%C3%A9raldBoutet?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3820703/1394290/1714942/s65_michel_g_rald.boutet.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5237,"name":"Indo-European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":17370,"name":"Celtic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_History?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":45848,"name":"Celtic Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Art?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":49050,"name":"Romano-Celtic Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Romano-Celtic_Religion?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":49536,"name":"Celtic numismatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_numismatics?f_ri=5237"},{"id":134619,"name":"Celtic Mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Mythology?f_ri=5237"},{"id":271729,"name":"Ancient Celtic Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Celtic_Religion?f_ri=5237"},{"id":417976,"name":"Indo-European Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Religion?f_ri=5237"},{"id":939217,"name":"Ancient Celtic Faith","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Celtic_Faith?f_ri=5237"},{"id":1011511,"name":"Irish and Celtic Mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irish_and_Celtic_Mythology?f_ri=5237"},{"id":1359178,"name":"Celtic Astronomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Astronomy?f_ri=5237"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_78421482" data-work_id="78421482" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78421482/Language_and_History_454">Language and History 454</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">The Etruscan language can be interpreted as Indo-European</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/78421482" data-share-source="work_strip" 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itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25753701" href="https://independent.academia.edu/iuriimosenkis">iurii mosenkis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25753701" type="text/json">{"id":25753701,"first_name":"iurii","last_name":"mosenkis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"iuriimosenkis","display_name":"iurii mosenkis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/iuriimosenkis?f_ri=5237","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_78421482 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="78421482"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 78421482, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_78421482", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_78421482 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window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78421482]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_78421482").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_78421482").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="78421482"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1350" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-european_language_reconstruction">Indo-european language reconstruction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1350" type="text/json">{"id":1350,"name":"Indo-european language reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-european_language_reconstruction?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2717" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Etymology">Etymology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2717" type="text/json">{"id":2717,"name":"Etymology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Etymology?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4727" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Indo-European_Languages">Ancient Indo-European Languages</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4727" type="text/json">{"id":4727,"name":"Ancient Indo-European Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Indo-European_Languages?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies">Indo-European Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5237" type="text/json">{"id":5237,"name":"Indo-European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=78421482]'), work: {"id":78421482,"title":"Language and History 454","created_at":"2022-05-04T05:32:34.075-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/78421482/Language_and_History_454?f_ri=5237","dom_id":"work_78421482","summary":"The Etruscan language can be interpreted as Indo-European","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":85474921,"asset_id":78421482,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":25753701,"first_name":"iurii","last_name":"mosenkis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"iuriimosenkis","display_name":"iurii 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Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Etruscan_Archaeology?f_ri=5237"},{"id":32522,"name":"Indo-European Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Linguistics?f_ri=5237"},{"id":33749,"name":"Proto Indo-European","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proto_Indo-European?f_ri=5237"},{"id":43304,"name":"Etruscan Funerary Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Etruscan_Funerary_Art?f_ri=5237"},{"id":52078,"name":"Etruscology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Etruscology?f_ri=5237"},{"id":52140,"name":"Etruscan language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Etruscan_language?f_ri=5237"},{"id":67362,"name":"Italian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italian?f_ri=5237"},{"id":87029,"name":"Etruscan 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itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40214867/On_Ancient_Celtic_Astrology_and_Naked_Eye_Astronomy_The_Gundestrup_Cauldron">On Ancient Celtic Astrology and Naked Eye Astronomy -The Gundestrup Cauldron</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Gundestrup Cauldron has remained enigmatic since the day it was discovered in a Danish peat bog near Borremosebog in May of 1891. Many have wondered and pondered over the mysterious imagery and have tried to give it an interpretation.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40214867" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Gundestrup Cauldron has remained enigmatic since the day it was discovered in a Danish peat bog near Borremosebog in May of 1891. Many have wondered and pondered over the mysterious imagery and have tried to give it an interpretation. Some have proposed a Scythian or Vedic Indian origin to it, while others have recognized the clear connection to Celtic mythological themes and motifs. The following article is but a brief and detailed interpretative iconographical analysis of what is in truth a star chart such as those formerly conceived and maintained by the Celtic Druids of the La Tène cultural period. Our understanding of zodiacal stellar symbolism is but a "cultural construct." For instance, when one looks at the vastness of the night sky, all one sees is an infinity of pin point specks of light. Connecting the bright dots into a recognizable pattern is truly an</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40214867" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7002d6f187d55e0103de2a99e1b4a0a5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60700254,"asset_id":40214867,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60700254/download_file?st=MTczMjgzNDM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3820703" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MichelG%C3%A9raldBoutet">Michel Gérald Boutet</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3820703" type="text/json">{"id":3820703,"first_name":"Michel Gérald","last_name":"Boutet","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MichelGéraldBoutet","display_name":"Michel Gérald Boutet","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichelG%C3%A9raldBoutet?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3820703/1394290/1714942/s65_michel_g_rald.boutet.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40214867 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40214867"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40214867, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40214867", }); 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Many have wondered and pondered over the mysterious imagery and have tried to give it an interpretation. Some have proposed a Scythian or Vedic Indian origin to it, while others have recognized the clear connection to Celtic mythological themes and motifs. The following article is but a brief and detailed interpretative iconographical analysis of what is in truth a star chart such as those formerly conceived and maintained by the Celtic Druids of the La Tène cultural period. Our understanding of zodiacal stellar symbolism is but a \"cultural construct.\" For instance, when one looks at the vastness of the night sky, all one sees is an infinity of pin point specks of light. 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Происхождение и развитие индоевропейского рода в синтагматическом аспекте. Владимир, 1995</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">А review of "А.Б.Копелиович. Происхождение и развитие индоевропейского рода в синтагматическом аспекте. Владимир, 1995" (Avgust B.Kopeliovich. Origin and Evolution of the Indo-European Gender In a Syntagmatic Aspect. Vladimir, 1995)... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31286818" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">А review of "А.Б.Копелиович. Происхождение и развитие индоевропейского рода в синтагматическом аспекте. Владимир, 1995" (Avgust B.Kopeliovich. Origin and Evolution of the Indo-European Gender In a Syntagmatic Aspect. Vladimir, 1995) published in 'Izvestija AN. Serija Literatury i Yazyka', 1997, Vol. 4, p. 67-69.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31286818" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="315fed09d82a7c93ffa419733c33cf0e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51686169,"asset_id":31286818,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51686169/download_file?st=MTczMjgzNDM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32074426" href="https://pushkin.academia.edu/AntonZimmerling">Anton Zimmerling</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32074426" type="text/json">{"id":32074426,"first_name":"Anton","last_name":"Zimmerling","domain_name":"pushkin","page_name":"AntonZimmerling","display_name":"Anton Zimmerling","profile_url":"https://pushkin.academia.edu/AntonZimmerling?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32074426/9566876/10656977/s65_anton.zimmerling.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31286818 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31286818"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31286818, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31286818", }); 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Происхождение и развитие индоевропейского рода в синтагматическом аспекте. Владимир, 1995","created_at":"2017-02-07T13:50:34.662-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31286818/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90_%D0%91_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_1995?f_ri=5237","dom_id":"work_31286818","summary":"А review of \"А.Б.Копелиович. Происхождение и развитие индоевропейского рода в синтагматическом аспекте. Владимир, 1995\" (Avgust B.Kopeliovich. Origin and Evolution of the Indo-European Gender In a Syntagmatic Aspect. Vladimir, 1995) published in 'Izvestija AN. Serija Literatury i Yazyka', 1997, Vol. 4, p. 67-69.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51686169,"asset_id":31286818,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32074426,"first_name":"Anton","last_name":"Zimmerling","domain_name":"pushkin","page_name":"AntonZimmerling","display_name":"Anton Zimmerling","profile_url":"https://pushkin.academia.edu/AntonZimmerling?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32074426/9566876/10656977/s65_anton.zimmerling.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":778,"name":"Diachronic Linguistics (Or Historical Linguistics)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diachronic_Linguistics_Or_Historical_Linguistics_?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":5237,"name":"Indo-European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":236557,"name":"Grammatical Gender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grammatical_Gender?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_56728012" data-work_id="56728012" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/56728012/Vedic_AshTamangala_Holy_Bulls_And_The_Holy_Number_18_In_The_Indus_Script">Vedic AshTamangala,Holy Bulls And The Holy Number 18 In The Indus Script</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Indus Valley Civilisation used thousands of seals with symbols which have not been properly understood so far.Most of these symbols were later used all over India and abroad on pottery,copper plates,rocks ,textiles,furniture ,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_56728012" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Indus Valley Civilisation used thousands of seals with symbols which have not been properly understood so far.Most of these symbols were later used all over India and abroad on pottery,copper plates,rocks ,textiles,furniture , metalwork products etc. But the fundamental principle underlying these symbols escaped the attention of scholars and researchers so far.This led to many strange conclusions about their readings. In this paper we are explaining the basic principle of the symbols and their purpose. We are not surprised to find that vedic<br />“mangala/mangalatraya/ ashTamangala / agni/ kaala/raja/ laabha/varsha/sabha/siva/subha/srii” are the underlying words employed in most of the inscriptions. These symbols agree with the Rg vedic concept of agni/fire worship and the archeological evidence of presence of vedic fire altars in IVC sites.Worship of agni(sun,fire,king,priest) led to the use of these symbols by other contemporary civilisations also. <br />The Ashtamangala(asta-mangala>house of king ; cf.Heb.LMLK;Bethlehem/beth-melech;king’s sacrifice;bull’s sacrifice) is a set of Eight Auspicious Signs used in religions like  Hinduism,Jainism, and Buddhism. In the Hindu tradition, the Ashtamangala may be used during certain occasions like pujas,weddings,coronation of kings etc.  They have been depicted in decorative motifs on pottery ,temples,royal palaces, houses and cultural artifacts.This paper explores the Harappan ashTa mangala rationale in vedic literature,rituals and sacrifices,temple architecture etc.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/56728012" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6043d71b296383a27d187ebd9c7b57be" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71970611,"asset_id":56728012,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71970611/download_file?st=MTczMjgzNDM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30660794" href="https://independent.academia.edu/vijayabhaarati">vijaya bhaarati</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30660794" type="text/json">{"id":30660794,"first_name":"vijaya","last_name":"bhaarati","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"vijayabhaarati","display_name":"vijaya bhaarati","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/vijayabhaarati?f_ri=5237","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_56728012 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="56728012"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 56728012, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_56728012", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=56728012]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_56728012").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_56728012").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="56728012"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="101" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages">Languages</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="101" type="text/json">{"id":101,"name":"Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="399" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology">Prehistoric Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="399" type="text/json">{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1200" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics">Languages and Linguistics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1200" type="text/json">{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=56728012]'), work: {"id":56728012,"title":"Vedic AshTamangala,Holy Bulls And The Holy Number 18 In The Indus Script","created_at":"2021-10-08T23:37:33.612-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/56728012/Vedic_AshTamangala_Holy_Bulls_And_The_Holy_Number_18_In_The_Indus_Script?f_ri=5237","dom_id":"work_56728012","summary":"The Indus Valley Civilisation used thousands of seals with symbols which have not been properly understood so far.Most of these symbols were later used all over India and abroad on pottery,copper plates,rocks ,textiles,furniture , metalwork products etc. But the fundamental principle underlying these symbols escaped the attention of scholars and researchers so far.This led to many strange conclusions about their readings. In this paper we are explaining the basic principle of the symbols and their purpose. We are not surprised to find that vedic\n“mangala/mangalatraya/ ashTamangala / agni/ kaala/raja/ laabha/varsha/sabha/siva/subha/srii” are the underlying words employed in most of the inscriptions. These symbols agree with the Rg vedic concept of agni/fire worship and the archeological evidence of presence of vedic fire altars in IVC sites.Worship of agni(sun,fire,king,priest) led to the use of these symbols by other contemporary civilisations also. \nThe Ashtamangala(asta-mangala\u003ehouse of king ; cf.Heb.LMLK;Bethlehem/beth-melech;king’s sacrifice;bull’s sacrifice) is a set of Eight Auspicious Signs used in religions like Hinduism,Jainism, and Buddhism. In the Hindu tradition, the Ashtamangala may be used during certain occasions like pujas,weddings,coronation of kings etc. They have been depicted in decorative motifs on pottery ,temples,royal palaces, houses and cultural artifacts.This paper explores the Harappan ashTa mangala rationale in vedic literature,rituals and sacrifices,temple architecture etc.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71970611,"asset_id":56728012,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":30660794,"first_name":"vijaya","last_name":"bhaarati","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"vijayabhaarati","display_name":"vijaya bhaarati","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/vijayabhaarati?f_ri=5237","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":101,"name":"Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":5076,"name":"Sanskrit language and literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sanskrit_language_and_literature?f_ri=5237"},{"id":5237,"name":"Indo-European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=5237"},{"id":5238,"name":"Vedic Language and Classical Sanskrit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vedic_Language_and_Classical_Sanskrit?f_ri=5237"},{"id":7901,"name":"Vedic Sanskrit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vedic_Sanskrit?f_ri=5237"},{"id":17936,"name":"Ancient Near East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Near_East?f_ri=5237"},{"id":42046,"name":"Indus Valley Civilization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indus_Valley_Civilization?f_ri=5237"},{"id":75814,"name":"Indian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_History?f_ri=5237"},{"id":143664,"name":"Vedic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vedic_Studies?f_ri=5237"},{"id":146469,"name":"Vedic religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vedic_religion?f_ri=5237"},{"id":169096,"name":"Harappan Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Harappan_Archaeology?f_ri=5237"},{"id":951143,"name":"Archeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archeology?f_ri=5237"},{"id":963689,"name":"The Indus Valley Script","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Indus_Valley_Script?f_ri=5237"},{"id":1000785,"name":"Harappan Civilization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Harappan_Civilization?f_ri=5237"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_65236915" data-work_id="65236915" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65236915/Solstice_rites_fire_and_lamps_in_Zoroastrian_customs_and_tradition">Solstice rites, fire and lamps in Zoroastrian customs and tradition</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A characteristic aspect of Zoroastrianism is its veneration of light/fire. The elaborate cult of fire is one of the most distinctive and striking aspects of the Zoroastrian faith and goes back to the earliest periods of the ancient... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_65236915" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A characteristic aspect of Zoroastrianism is its veneration of light/fire. The elaborate cult of fire is one of the most distinctive and striking aspects of the Zoroastrian faith and goes back to the earliest periods of the ancient Indo-European spiritual beliefs. Fire altars and eternal flames featured on Achaemenid, Parthian and Sassanid coins, seals, rock inscriptions and images are the most visible icon of Zoroastrianism. The most meticulous tending of fires and eternal flames, their ritual purity and sacred songs, enchantments said before light/fires are at the core of the Zoroastrian religious experience.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/65236915" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ef4df676053c271f27f50b480417208a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76927059,"asset_id":65236915,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76927059/download_file?st=MTczMjgzNDM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="20896183" href="https://independent.academia.edu/alexardeshirfarahmand">alex ardeshir farahmand</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="20896183" type="text/json">{"id":20896183,"first_name":"alex ardeshir","last_name":"farahmand","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"alexardeshirfarahmand","display_name":"alex ardeshir farahmand","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/alexardeshirfarahmand?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20896183/5786613/134594387/s65_alex_ardeshir.farahmand.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_65236915 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="65236915"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 65236915, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_65236915", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=65236915]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_65236915").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_65236915").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="65236915"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History">Ancient History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130" type="text/json">{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4412" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4412" type="text/json">{"id":4412,"name":"Zoroastrianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoroastrianism?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies">Indo-European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5237" type="text/json">{"id":5237,"name":"Indo-European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10104" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Religion">Ancient Religion</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10104" type="text/json">{"id":10104,"name":"Ancient Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Religion?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=65236915]'), work: {"id":65236915,"title":"Solstice rites, fire and lamps in Zoroastrian customs and tradition","created_at":"2021-12-20T21:21:46.754-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/65236915/Solstice_rites_fire_and_lamps_in_Zoroastrian_customs_and_tradition?f_ri=5237","dom_id":"work_65236915","summary":"A characteristic aspect of Zoroastrianism is its veneration of light/fire. The elaborate cult of fire is one of the most distinctive and striking aspects of the Zoroastrian faith and goes back to the earliest periods of the ancient Indo-European spiritual beliefs. Fire altars and eternal flames featured on Achaemenid, Parthian and Sassanid coins, seals, rock inscriptions and images are the most visible icon of Zoroastrianism. The most meticulous tending of fires and eternal flames, their ritual purity and sacred songs, enchantments said before light/fires are at the core of the Zoroastrian religious experience.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76927059,"asset_id":65236915,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":20896183,"first_name":"alex ardeshir","last_name":"farahmand","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"alexardeshirfarahmand","display_name":"alex ardeshir farahmand","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/alexardeshirfarahmand?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20896183/5786613/134594387/s65_alex_ardeshir.farahmand.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":4412,"name":"Zoroastrianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoroastrianism?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":5237,"name":"Indo-European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":10104,"name":"Ancient Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Religion?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":17178,"name":"Ancient Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Philosophy?f_ri=5237"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36629699" data-work_id="36629699" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36629699/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_ker_l_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_">Праиндоевропейский корень *ker/l- «класть».</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">В статье рассматривается праиндоевропейский корень *ker/l- «класть».<br /><br />|| The article deals with the Proto-Indo-European root *ker/l- "to lay".</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36629699" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="76b11cc79d00d35b1605b3e489accf80" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56571515,"asset_id":36629699,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56571515/download_file?st=MTczMjgzNDM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="58575791" href="https://utm-md.academia.edu/SergeyVishnevskiy">Sergey Vishnevskiy</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="58575791" type="text/json">{"id":58575791,"first_name":"Sergey","last_name":"Vishnevskiy","domain_name":"utm-md","page_name":"SergeyVishnevskiy","display_name":"Sergey Vishnevskiy","profile_url":"https://utm-md.academia.edu/SergeyVishnevskiy?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/58575791/15331200/15981905/s65_sergei.vishnevskiy.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36629699 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36629699"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36629699, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36629699", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36629699 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x 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}); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36629699").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36629699"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1350" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-european_language_reconstruction">Indo-european language reconstruction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1350" type="text/json">{"id":1350,"name":"Indo-european language reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-european_language_reconstruction?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4727" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Indo-European_Languages">Ancient Indo-European Languages</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4727" type="text/json">{"id":4727,"name":"Ancient Indo-European Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Indo-European_Languages?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies">Indo-European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5237" type="text/json">{"id":5237,"name":"Indo-European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="32522" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Linguistics">Indo-European Linguistics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="32522" type="text/json">{"id":32522,"name":"Indo-European Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Linguistics?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36629699]'), work: {"id":36629699,"title":"Праиндоевропейский корень *ker/l- «класть».","created_at":"2018-05-14T03:12:57.986-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36629699/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_ker_l_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_?f_ri=5237","dom_id":"work_36629699","summary":"В статье рассматривается праиндоевропейский корень *ker/l- «класть».\n\n|| The article deals with the Proto-Indo-European root *ker/l- \"to lay\".","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56571515,"asset_id":36629699,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":58575791,"first_name":"Sergey","last_name":"Vishnevskiy","domain_name":"utm-md","page_name":"SergeyVishnevskiy","display_name":"Sergey Vishnevskiy","profile_url":"https://utm-md.academia.edu/SergeyVishnevskiy?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/58575791/15331200/15981905/s65_sergei.vishnevskiy.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1350,"name":"Indo-european language reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-european_language_reconstruction?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":4727,"name":"Ancient Indo-European Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Indo-European_Languages?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":5237,"name":"Indo-European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":32522,"name":"Indo-European Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Linguistics?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":33749,"name":"Proto Indo-European","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proto_Indo-European?f_ri=5237"},{"id":98662,"name":"Indoeuropean languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indoeuropean_languages?f_ri=5237"},{"id":110232,"name":"Indoeuropean Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indoeuropean_Studies?f_ri=5237"},{"id":127503,"name":"Indo-European","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European?f_ri=5237"},{"id":131296,"name":"Comparative Indo-European Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Indo-European_Linguistics?f_ri=5237"},{"id":151560,"name":"Indoeuropean Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indoeuropean_Linguistics?f_ri=5237"},{"id":178689,"name":"Indo-European 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class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37785492/_The_Vedic_Association_of_Prosperity_and_Plow_17th_World_Sanskrit_Conference_2018">“The Vedic Association of Prosperity and Plow,” 17th World Sanskrit Conference, 2018</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Vedic Association of Prosperity and Plow An association between Prosperity and Plow was integral to the religious conception of agriculture throughout the Vedic period. This association was formalized in two distinct ways. The first... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37785492" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Vedic Association of Prosperity and Plow An association between Prosperity and Plow was integral to the religious conception of agriculture throughout the Vedic period. This association was formalized in two distinct ways. The first formulation was through the dual divinity śúnāsīrau, literally " Prosperity and Plow. " This dual divinity, attested already in the Ṛgveda, was attributed with actions on par with other anthropomorphic deities who play a role in the agricultural process, and was similarly implored for good will and a healthy and abundant crop as well. Originally considered separate and distinct, śúnāsīrau came to be increasingly identified with Indra. The second formulation was quite distinct from the first, operating in an entirely different way. The great Indo-Europeanist Calvert Watkins demonstrated that numerous branches of Indo-European would indicate agricultural produce as a higher taxon through a stylistically elaborated enumerative list functioning as a merism; the seemingly unique Vedic development of this tradition replaced simple agricultural crops as the members of the enumerative list for an extensive range of items, both concrete and abstract, that shifted the higher taxon indicated from agricultural produce to an all-encompassing Prosperity, as a result of the Plow. Watkins surmised that the merism may have originated in an Indo-European ritual context. This is precisely what we see in the Vedic instances of this merism; the most notable instance is in a ritual dialogue prescribed in the Kauśika Sūtra to be performed at the first plowing of the year. The dialogue, which occurs between husband and wife, is quite simple semantically but the Sanskrit is highly ornate in stylistic elaboration, including the use of alliteration, etymological figures, and ring composition.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37785492" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="46d48c9a99e163126a380e1c11692714" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57782596,"asset_id":37785492,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57782596/download_file?st=MTczMjgzNDM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1084886" href="https://utexas.academia.edu/MichaelJones">Michael Brattus Jones</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1084886" type="text/json">{"id":1084886,"first_name":"Michael Brattus","last_name":"Jones","domain_name":"utexas","page_name":"MichaelJones","display_name":"Michael Brattus Jones","profile_url":"https://utexas.academia.edu/MichaelJones?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1084886/20088897/36889115/s65_michael_brattus.jones.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37785492 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37785492"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37785492, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37785492", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37785492]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37785492").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37785492").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37785492"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies">Indo-European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5237" type="text/json">{"id":5237,"name":"Indo-European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7901" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vedic_Sanskrit">Vedic Sanskrit</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7901" type="text/json">{"id":7901,"name":"Vedic Sanskrit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vedic_Sanskrit?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19923" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agricultural_History">Agricultural History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="19923" type="text/json">{"id":19923,"name":"Agricultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agricultural_History?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37785492]'), work: {"id":37785492,"title":"“The Vedic Association of Prosperity and Plow,” 17th World Sanskrit Conference, 2018","created_at":"2018-11-16T00:14:56.649-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37785492/_The_Vedic_Association_of_Prosperity_and_Plow_17th_World_Sanskrit_Conference_2018?f_ri=5237","dom_id":"work_37785492","summary":"The Vedic Association of Prosperity and Plow An association between Prosperity and Plow was integral to the religious conception of agriculture throughout the Vedic period. This association was formalized in two distinct ways. The first formulation was through the dual divinity śúnāsīrau, literally \" Prosperity and Plow. \" This dual divinity, attested already in the Ṛgveda, was attributed with actions on par with other anthropomorphic deities who play a role in the agricultural process, and was similarly implored for good will and a healthy and abundant crop as well. Originally considered separate and distinct, śúnāsīrau came to be increasingly identified with Indra. The second formulation was quite distinct from the first, operating in an entirely different way. The great Indo-Europeanist Calvert Watkins demonstrated that numerous branches of Indo-European would indicate agricultural produce as a higher taxon through a stylistically elaborated enumerative list functioning as a merism; the seemingly unique Vedic development of this tradition replaced simple agricultural crops as the members of the enumerative list for an extensive range of items, both concrete and abstract, that shifted the higher taxon indicated from agricultural produce to an all-encompassing Prosperity, as a result of the Plow. Watkins surmised that the merism may have originated in an Indo-European ritual context. This is precisely what we see in the Vedic instances of this merism; the most notable instance is in a ritual dialogue prescribed in the Kauśika Sūtra to be performed at the first plowing of the year. The dialogue, which occurs between husband and wife, is quite simple semantically but the Sanskrit is highly ornate in stylistic elaboration, including the use of alliteration, etymological figures, and ring composition.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57782596,"asset_id":37785492,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1084886,"first_name":"Michael Brattus","last_name":"Jones","domain_name":"utexas","page_name":"MichaelJones","display_name":"Michael Brattus Jones","profile_url":"https://utexas.academia.edu/MichaelJones?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1084886/20088897/36889115/s65_michael_brattus.jones.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5237,"name":"Indo-European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":7901,"name":"Vedic Sanskrit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vedic_Sanskrit?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":19923,"name":"Agricultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agricultural_History?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32249383" data-work_id="32249383" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32249383/Why_Indra_Is_Somapa">Why Indra Is Somapa?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">This article looks into the epithet of somapa for Indra.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32249383" 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Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32249383]'), work: {"id":32249383,"title":"Why Indra Is Somapa?","created_at":"2017-04-04T08:05:02.946-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32249383/Why_Indra_Is_Somapa?f_ri=5237","dom_id":"work_32249383","summary":"This article looks into the epithet of somapa for Indra.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52515220,"asset_id":32249383,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":52487358,"asset_id":32249383,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":52470672,"asset_id":32249383,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":52482514,"asset_id":32249383,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":52482339,"asset_id":32249383,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":52565348,"asset_id":32249383,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":30660794,"first_name":"vijaya","last_name":"bhaarati","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"vijayabhaarati","display_name":"vijaya bhaarati","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/vijayabhaarati?f_ri=5237","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":130,"name":"Ancient 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itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4395802/Nekus_antikru_and_Metrical_Lengthening_in_Homer_with_R_S_P_Beekes_">Nekus, antikru, and Metrical Lengthening in Homer (with R.S.P. Beekes)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4395802" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8275aa10802b65b67951fc24f6fd1f0b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31825880,"asset_id":4395802,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31825880/download_file?st=MTczMjgzNDM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="877414" href="https://tcd.academia.edu/MartineCuypers">Martine Cuypers</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="877414" type="text/json">{"id":877414,"first_name":"Martine","last_name":"Cuypers","domain_name":"tcd","page_name":"MartineCuypers","display_name":"Martine Cuypers","profile_url":"https://tcd.academia.edu/MartineCuypers?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/877414/2365769/23582247/s65_martine.cuypers.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4395802 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4395802"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4395802, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4395802", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4395802]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4395802").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4395802").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4395802"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="832" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Homer">Homer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="832" type="text/json">{"id":832,"name":"Homer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Homer?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1207" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics">Historical Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1207" type="text/json">{"id":1207,"name":"Historical Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1350" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-european_language_reconstruction">Indo-european language reconstruction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1350" type="text/json">{"id":1350,"name":"Indo-european language reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-european_language_reconstruction?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies">Indo-European Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5237" type="text/json">{"id":5237,"name":"Indo-European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4395802]'), work: {"id":4395802,"title":"Nekus, antikru, and Metrical Lengthening in Homer (with R.S.P. 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The paradigms employed to do so have varied from comparative Indo-European studies to quests for... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_48902189" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Despite the geographical and cultural distance between medieval Iranian and Celtic literatures, scholars have long sought to link them. The paradigms employed to do so have varied from comparative Indo-European studies to quests for direct influence. However, these efforts have failed to establish convincing genetic connections. This project looks beyond questions of source and influence to consider a different axis of comparison: a literary attitude towards the past, arising from the post-conquest cultural formations of the early medieval Iranian world and British Isles. Drawing on prophetic narratives that shaped history into compelling arcs of loss and redemption, writers in Persian and Welsh developed a metaphoric field that characterized the native past as a treasure hidden in dangerous otherworlds and secret texts. Recovering and relating this knowledge became validated as a primary goal of literary production, while such efforts were simultaneously critiqued as dangerous investments in buried ideologies. Medieval writers thus provided ancient traditions with potent afterlives, which continue to act on our sociopolitical, academic, and creative imaginations.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48902189" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e6df76b71f4178bc8bef8df93acb3e31" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67307602,"asset_id":48902189,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67307602/download_file?st=MTczMjgzNDM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="45130187" href="https://cambridge.academia.edu/SamLasman">Sam Lasman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="45130187" type="text/json">{"id":45130187,"first_name":"Sam","last_name":"Lasman","domain_name":"cambridge","page_name":"SamLasman","display_name":"Sam Lasman","profile_url":"https://cambridge.academia.edu/SamLasman?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/45130187/29557350/43798189/s65_sam.lasman.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_48902189 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="48902189"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48902189, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_48902189", }); 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The paradigms employed to do so have varied from comparative Indo-European studies to quests for direct influence. However, these efforts have failed to establish convincing genetic connections. This project looks beyond questions of source and influence to consider a different axis of comparison: a literary attitude towards the past, arising from the post-conquest cultural formations of the early medieval Iranian world and British Isles. Drawing on prophetic narratives that shaped history into compelling arcs of loss and redemption, writers in Persian and Welsh developed a metaphoric field that characterized the native past as a treasure hidden in dangerous otherworlds and secret texts. Recovering and relating this knowledge became validated as a primary goal of literary production, while such efforts were simultaneously critiqued as dangerous investments in buried ideologies. Medieval writers thus provided ancient traditions with potent afterlives, which continue to act on our sociopolitical, academic, and creative imaginations.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67307602,"asset_id":48902189,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":45130187,"first_name":"Sam","last_name":"Lasman","domain_name":"cambridge","page_name":"SamLasman","display_name":"Sam Lasman","profile_url":"https://cambridge.academia.edu/SamLasman?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/45130187/29557350/43798189/s65_sam.lasman.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5237,"name":"Indo-European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":73851,"name":"Medieval Welsh Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Welsh_Literature?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":165067,"name":"classical Persian literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/classical_Persian_literature?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12133911" data-work_id="12133911" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12133911/Greek_names_of_sum_and_debt_in_Linear_A">Greek names of sum and debt in Linear A</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Famous ku-ro, ‘sum’ and ki-ro, ‘debt’ are Greek words</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" 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Script</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We have seen that several vedic seals are standards containing,vedic metrology,vedic geneology and proclamations by vedic kings.In this article we are identifying the Vedic King Divodasa and his relation to Varanasi/Kaasi and the Kumbha... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31427299" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We have seen that several vedic seals are standards containing,vedic metrology,vedic geneology and proclamations by vedic kings.In this article we are identifying the Vedic King Divodasa and his relation to Varanasi/Kaasi and the Kumbha Mela of Prayaga.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a 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type="text/json">{"id":4727,"name":"Ancient Indo-European Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Indo-European_Languages?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies">Indo-European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5237" type="text/json">{"id":5237,"name":"Indo-European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5602" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Austronesian_Languages">Austronesian Languages</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5602" type="text/json">{"id":5602,"name":"Austronesian Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Austronesian_Languages?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16466" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornament_Archaeology_">Ornament (Archaeology)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16466" type="text/json">{"id":16466,"name":"Ornament (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornament_Archaeology_?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11912028]'), work: {"id":11912028,"title":"AINU AND INDO-EUROPEAN: COMMON CORD ORNAMENT AND LEXICON ","created_at":"2015-04-12T12:53:21.548-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11912028/AINU_AND_INDO_EUROPEAN_COMMON_CORD_ORNAMENT_AND_LEXICON?f_ri=5237","dom_id":"work_11912028","summary":"Ainu is Austric but includes words with Indo-European, Altaic, and Uralic parallels \n 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(Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornament_Archaeology_?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":19837,"name":"Altaic Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Altaic_Linguistics?f_ri=5237"},{"id":20186,"name":"Uralic Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uralic_Linguistics?f_ri=5237"},{"id":24413,"name":"Ainu","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ainu?f_ri=5237"},{"id":31752,"name":"Archeologia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archeologia?f_ri=5237"},{"id":32522,"name":"Indo-European Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Linguistics?f_ri=5237"},{"id":42391,"name":"History of Ornament","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Ornament?f_ri=5237"},{"id":191991,"name":"Comparative Uralic Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Uralic_Linguistics?f_ri=5237"},{"id":241104,"name":"Austroasiatic languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Austroasiatic_languages?f_ri=5237"},{"id":255789,"name":"Austric Historical Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Austric_Historical_Linguistics?f_ri=5237"},{"id":339183,"name":"Ainu studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ainu_studies?f_ri=5237"},{"id":492567,"name":"Ainu and Ainu Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ainu_and_Ainu_Identity?f_ri=5237"},{"id":534557,"name":"Ornament studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornament_studies?f_ri=5237"},{"id":558210,"name":"Ainu language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ainu_language?f_ri=5237"},{"id":575429,"name":"Altaic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Altaic_Studies?f_ri=5237"},{"id":616091,"name":"Nivkh","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nivkh?f_ri=5237"},{"id":951143,"name":"Archeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archeology?f_ri=5237"},{"id":965384,"name":"Ainu Language and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ainu_Language_and_Culture?f_ri=5237"},{"id":997007,"name":"Ainu Languge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ainu_Languge?f_ri=5237"},{"id":997009,"name":"Ainu Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ainu_Culture?f_ri=5237"},{"id":1019482,"name":"Turkic \u0026 Altaic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkic_and_Altaic_Studies-1?f_ri=5237"},{"id":1023287,"name":"Ainu History and Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ainu_History_and_Anthropology?f_ri=5237"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12423628" data-work_id="12423628" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12423628/Taboo_Deformation_How_the_Fear_of_Bears_and_Wolves_Manifested_Itself_in_Indo_European_Culture">Taboo Deformation: How the Fear of Bears and Wolves Manifested Itself in Indo-European Culture</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12423628" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span 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Hatch","profile_url":"https://uky.academia.edu/LeahHatch?f_ri=5237","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":1207,"name":"Historical Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":5237,"name":"Indo-European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":15674,"name":"Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistics?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":32522,"name":"Indo-European Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Linguistics?f_ri=5237"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44126252" data-work_id="44126252" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44126252/Our_ancestors_the_Gauls_the_Slavs_and_the_Dravidians_V3">Our ancestors the Gauls, the Slavs and the Dravidians V3</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Abstract : this study, which first aim was to demonstrate the correspondences between the Gaulish language and the Slavic languages, between which I found 500 common words, allowed me also to demonstrate, on the basis of genetical,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44126252" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Abstract : this study, which first aim was to demonstrate the correspondences between the Gaulish language and the Slavic languages, between which I found 500 common words, allowed me also to demonstrate, on the basis of genetical, archaeological and religious data, that those correspondences were linked with ancient migrations linked with the diffusion of the Dravidian civilisation of the Indus Valley to Iran, Mesopotamia, Anatolia, the Caucasus, the North of the Black Sea, Danubian and Balkanic Europe, towards Gaul and Iberia, where the Neolithic agriculturalists contributed to the formation of the megalithic civilisation which developed from -5.000. This explains also the linguistic correspondences I established between Gaulish and Dravidian languages – 250 common words from the 500 words I studied, as well as similarities I found in the organisation of the Society and the religion, which lead certain researchers to suggest, on the basis of the diffusion of the very ancient gene H2-P96 from India to Western Europe, that the first Europeans and the proto-Dravidians had a common origin.<br />Extrait : cette étude, dont l’objectif initial était de démontrer les correspondances entre le gaulois et les langues slaves, entre lesquelles j’ai trouvé 500 mots communs, m’a en outre permis de démontrer, sur la base de données génétiques, archéologiques et religieuses, que ces correspondances étaient liées à des migrations anciennes liées à la diffusion de la civilisation dravidienne de la vallée de l’Indus vers l’Iran, la Mésopotamie, l’Anatolie, le Caucase, le Nord de la Mer Noire, l’Europe danubienne et balkanique, la Gaule et l’Ibérie, où les agriculteurs néolithiques ont contribué à former la civilisation mégalithique qui s’est développée à partir de -5.000. Cela explique aussi les correspondances linguistiques que j’ai établies entre le gaulois et les langues dravidiennes - 250 mots communs sur les 500 mots étudiés, et les similitudes que j’ai constatées dans l’organisation de la société et la religion, qui amènent certains chercheurs à suggérer, sur la base de la diffusion du gène très ancien H2-P96 de l’Inde à l’Europe de l’Ouest, que les premiers Européens et les proto-Dravidiens avaient une origine commune.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44126252" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a19ccf264dcdf77e291ec790818ff98f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64512913,"asset_id":44126252,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64512913/download_file?st=MTczMjgzNDM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="154061827" href="https://grhis.academia.edu/XavierRouard">Xavier Rouard</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="154061827" type="text/json">{"id":154061827,"first_name":"Xavier","last_name":"Rouard","domain_name":"grhis","page_name":"XavierRouard","display_name":"Xavier Rouard","profile_url":"https://grhis.academia.edu/XavierRouard?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/154061827/45555131/38210029/s65_xavier.rouard.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44126252 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44126252"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44126252, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44126252", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44126252]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44126252").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44126252").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44126252"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="399" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology">Prehistoric Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="399" type="text/json">{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1200" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics">Languages and Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1200" type="text/json">{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1207" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics">Historical Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1207" type="text/json">{"id":1207,"name":"Historical Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies">Celtic Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1392" type="text/json">{"id":1392,"name":"Celtic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44126252]'), work: {"id":44126252,"title":"Our ancestors the Gauls, the Slavs and the Dravidians V3","created_at":"2020-09-20T07:46:37.784-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44126252/Our_ancestors_the_Gauls_the_Slavs_and_the_Dravidians_V3?f_ri=5237","dom_id":"work_44126252","summary":"Abstract : this study, which first aim was to demonstrate the correspondences between the Gaulish language and the Slavic languages, between which I found 500 common words, allowed me also to demonstrate, on the basis of genetical, archaeological and religious data, that those correspondences were linked with ancient migrations linked with the diffusion of the Dravidian civilisation of the Indus Valley to Iran, Mesopotamia, Anatolia, the Caucasus, the North of the Black Sea, Danubian and Balkanic Europe, towards Gaul and Iberia, where the Neolithic agriculturalists contributed to the formation of the megalithic civilisation which developed from -5.000. This explains also the linguistic correspondences I established between Gaulish and Dravidian languages – 250 common words from the 500 words I studied, as well as similarities I found in the organisation of the Society and the religion, which lead certain researchers to suggest, on the basis of the diffusion of the very ancient gene H2-P96 from India to Western Europe, that the first Europeans and the proto-Dravidians had a common origin.\nExtrait : cette étude, dont l’objectif initial était de démontrer les correspondances entre le gaulois et les langues slaves, entre lesquelles j’ai trouvé 500 mots communs, m’a en outre permis de démontrer, sur la base de données génétiques, archéologiques et religieuses, que ces correspondances étaient liées à des migrations anciennes liées à la diffusion de la civilisation dravidienne de la vallée de l’Indus vers l’Iran, la Mésopotamie, l’Anatolie, le Caucase, le Nord de la Mer Noire, l’Europe danubienne et balkanique, la Gaule et l’Ibérie, où les agriculteurs néolithiques ont contribué à former la civilisation mégalithique qui s’est développée à partir de -5.000. Cela explique aussi les correspondances linguistiques que j’ai établies entre le gaulois et les langues dravidiennes - 250 mots communs sur les 500 mots étudiés, et les similitudes que j’ai constatées dans l’organisation de la société et la religion, qui amènent certains chercheurs à suggérer, sur la base de la diffusion du gène très ancien H2-P96 de l’Inde à l’Europe de l’Ouest, que les premiers Européens et les proto-Dravidiens avaient une origine commune.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64512913,"asset_id":44126252,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":154061827,"first_name":"Xavier","last_name":"Rouard","domain_name":"grhis","page_name":"XavierRouard","display_name":"Xavier Rouard","profile_url":"https://grhis.academia.edu/XavierRouard?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/154061827/45555131/38210029/s65_xavier.rouard.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":1207,"name":"Historical Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":1392,"name":"Celtic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":2715,"name":"Slavic Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Slavic_Languages?f_ri=5237"},{"id":2717,"name":"Etymology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Etymology?f_ri=5237"},{"id":3558,"name":"South Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Studies?f_ri=5237"},{"id":4727,"name":"Ancient Indo-European Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Indo-European_Languages?f_ri=5237"},{"id":5237,"name":"Indo-European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=5237"},{"id":6921,"name":"Sanskrit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sanskrit?f_ri=5237"},{"id":9183,"name":"Comparative Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Linguistics?f_ri=5237"},{"id":11199,"name":"Neolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology?f_ri=5237"},{"id":19832,"name":"Indo-Iranian Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-Iranian_Linguistics?f_ri=5237"},{"id":20186,"name":"Uralic Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uralic_Linguistics?f_ri=5237"},{"id":21967,"name":"Ancient DNA (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_DNA_Archaeology_?f_ri=5237"},{"id":50450,"name":"Dravidian Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dravidian_Linguistics?f_ri=5237"},{"id":120048,"name":"Caucasian Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caucasian_Languages?f_ri=5237"},{"id":324308,"name":"Historical Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Phonology?f_ri=5237"},{"id":396340,"name":"Gaulish language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gaulish_language?f_ri=5237"},{"id":951143,"name":"Archeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archeology?f_ri=5237"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9495506" data-work_id="9495506" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9495506/Investor_protections_and_economic_growth">Investor protections and economic growth</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Using objective measures of investor protections in 170 countries, I establish that the level of investor protection matters for cross-country differences in GDP growth: countries with stronger protections tend to grow faster than those... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9495506" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Using objective measures of investor protections in 170 countries, I establish that the level of investor protection matters for cross-country differences in GDP growth: countries with stronger protections tend to grow faster than those with poor investor protections.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9495506" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1af2daad4b5db4f597577ba5c4acbd35" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35725785,"asset_id":9495506,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35725785/download_file?st=MTczMjgzNDM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business">Business</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26" type="text/json">{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Entrepreneurship">Entrepreneurship</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27" type="text/json">{"id":27,"name":"Entrepreneurship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Entrepreneurship?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="29" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_And_Labor_Relations">Industrial And Labor Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="29" type="text/json">{"id":29,"name":"Industrial And Labor Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_And_Labor_Relations?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Collective_Bargaining_Industrial_And_Labor_Relations_">Collective Bargaining (Industrial And Labor Relations)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="30" type="text/json">{"id":30,"name":"Collective Bargaining (Industrial And Labor Relations)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Collective_Bargaining_Industrial_And_Labor_Relations_?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9495506]'), work: {"id":9495506,"title":"Investor protections and economic growth","created_at":"2014-11-25T11:00:13.869-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9495506/Investor_protections_and_economic_growth?f_ri=5237","dom_id":"work_9495506","summary":"Using objective measures of investor protections in 170 countries, I establish that the level of investor protection matters for cross-country differences in GDP growth: countries with stronger protections tend to grow faster than those with poor investor protections.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35725785,"asset_id":9495506,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2953876,"first_name":"Jamal Ibrahim","last_name":"Haidar","domain_name":"harvard","page_name":"JamalIbrahimHaidar","display_name":"Jamal Ibrahim Haidar","profile_url":"https://harvard.academia.edu/JamalIbrahimHaidar?f_ri=5237","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":27,"name":"Entrepreneurship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Entrepreneurship?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":29,"name":"Industrial And Labor Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_And_Labor_Relations?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":30,"name":"Collective Bargaining (Industrial And Labor 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u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13003526" data-work_id="13003526" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13003526/On_the_construction_of_the_concept_language_Entrenched_conceptual_integration_networks_encountered_in_evolutionary_biology_and_studies_of_language_evolution">On the construction of the concept ‘language’: Entrenched conceptual integration networks encountered in evolutionary biology and studies of language evolution</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Presentation at “The Way We Think: A Research Symposium on Conceptual Integration and the Nature and Origin of Cognitively Modern Humans.” University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Demark, August 19-23, 2002. Document includes Supplemental... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13003526" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Presentation at “The Way We Think: A Research Symposium on Conceptual Integration and the Nature and Origin of Cognitively Modern Humans.” University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Demark, August 19-23,  2002. Document includes Supplemental Materials: Resource Guide and Commentaries <br />In recent years the relationship between language change and biological evolution has captured the attention of investigators operating in different disciplines, particularly evolutionary biology, AI and A-Life (Zeimke 2001, Hull 2001), as well as linguistics (Croft 2000; Sinha 1999), with each group often bringing radically different conceptualizations of the object under study, namely, “language” itself, to the debate.  Over the centuries, meanings associated with the expression “language” have been influenced by mappings of conceptual frames and inputs from the biological sciences onto the entity referred to as “language”. At the same time the prestige of the “science of linguistics” created a feedback mechanism by which the referentiality of “language”, at each stage, was mapped back into the field of evolutionary biology along with the emergent structure(s) of the resulting “blend”. While significant energy has been spent on identifying ways in which biological evolution has been linked to concepts of language evolution (Dörries 2002), little attention has been directed to the nature of the conceptual integration networks that have been produced in the process. This paper examines the way conceptual integration theory can be brought to bear on the “blends” that have been created, focusing primarily on examples drawn from 19th century debates concerning the “language-species-organism analogy” in the emerging field of comparative-historical philology.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13003526" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3c83b48d6f3f3d647d4c1632fc8cf25b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":105976254,"asset_id":13003526,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105976254/download_file?st=MTczMjgzNDM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="285192" href="https://uiowa.academia.edu/RoslynMFrank">Roslyn Frank</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="285192" type="text/json">{"id":285192,"first_name":"Roslyn","last_name":"Frank","domain_name":"uiowa","page_name":"RoslynMFrank","display_name":"Roslyn Frank","profile_url":"https://uiowa.academia.edu/RoslynMFrank?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/285192/58210/59375/s65_roslyn.frank.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13003526 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13003526"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13003526, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13003526", }); 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Document includes Supplemental Materials: Resource Guide and Commentaries\r\nIn recent years the relationship between language change and biological evolution has captured the attention of investigators operating in different disciplines, particularly evolutionary biology, AI and A-Life (Zeimke 2001, Hull 2001), as well as linguistics (Croft 2000; Sinha 1999), with each group often bringing radically different conceptualizations of the object under study, namely, “language” itself, to the debate. Over the centuries, meanings associated with the expression “language” have been influenced by mappings of conceptual frames and inputs from the biological sciences onto the entity referred to as “language”. At the same time the prestige of the “science of linguistics” created a feedback mechanism by which the referentiality of “language”, at each stage, was mapped back into the field of evolutionary biology along with the emergent structure(s) of the resulting “blend”. 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This paper examines the way conceptual integration theory can be brought to bear on the “blends” that have been created, focusing primarily on examples drawn from 19th century debates concerning the “language-species-organism analogy” in the emerging field of comparative-historical philology.\r\n\r\n \r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":105976254,"asset_id":13003526,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":285192,"first_name":"Roslyn","last_name":"Frank","domain_name":"uiowa","page_name":"RoslynMFrank","display_name":"Roslyn Frank","profile_url":"https://uiowa.academia.edu/RoslynMFrank?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/285192/58210/59375/s65_roslyn.frank.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":778,"name":"Diachronic Linguistics (Or Historical 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Nominale Wortbildung der gotischen Sprache. Die Derivation der Substantive </a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7647277" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8490f51554bd89588a903c8b1521f22a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34186518,"asset_id":7647277,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34186518/download_file?st=MTczMjgzNDM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12943054" href="https://hi.academia.edu/J%C3%B3nAxelHar%C3%B0arson">Jón Axel Harðarson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12943054" type="text/json">{"id":12943054,"first_name":"Jón Axel","last_name":"Harðarson","domain_name":"hi","page_name":"JónAxelHarðarson","display_name":"Jón Axel Harðarson","profile_url":"https://hi.academia.edu/J%C3%B3nAxelHar%C3%B0arson?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12943054/3660595/18642457/s65_j_n_axel.har_arson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7647277 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7647277"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7647277, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7647277", }); 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Nominale Wortbildung der gotischen Sprache. Die Derivation der Substantive ","created_at":"2014-07-13T01:54:44.622-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7647277/Rezension_von_Antje_Casaretto_Nominale_Wortbildung_der_gotischen_Sprache_Die_Derivation_der_Substantive?f_ri=5237","dom_id":"work_7647277","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34186518,"asset_id":7647277,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12943054,"first_name":"Jón Axel","last_name":"Harðarson","domain_name":"hi","page_name":"JónAxelHarðarson","display_name":"Jón Axel Harðarson","profile_url":"https://hi.academia.edu/J%C3%B3nAxelHar%C3%B0arson?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12943054/3660595/18642457/s65_j_n_axel.har_arson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2717,"name":"Etymology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Etymology?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":3176,"name":"Germanic linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Germanic_linguistics?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":4727,"name":"Ancient Indo-European Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Indo-European_Languages?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":5237,"name":"Indo-European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":10866,"name":"Morphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphology?f_ri=5237"},{"id":15534,"name":"Old Germanic Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Germanic_Languages?f_ri=5237"},{"id":32522,"name":"Indo-European Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Linguistics?f_ri=5237"},{"id":34619,"name":"Gothic Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gothic_Language?f_ri=5237"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43863922" data-work_id="43863922" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43863922/Our_ancestors_the_Gauls_the_Slavs_and_the_Dravidians_by_Xavier_ROUARD">Our ancestors the Gauls, the Slavs and the Dravidians, by Xavier ROUARD</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study, which first aim was to demonstrate correspondences between Gaulish and Slavic languages, between which I found 500 common words, allowed me also to establish, on the basis of genetical, archaeological and religious data, that... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43863922" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study, which first aim was to demonstrate correspondences between Gaulish and Slavic languages, between which I found 500 common words, allowed me also to establish, on the basis of genetical, archaeological and religious data, that those correspondences were linked with ancient migrations which spread the Dravidian civilisation of the Indus Valley to Iran, Mesopotamia, Anatolia, the Caucasus, the North of the Black Sea, Danuban and Balkan Europe, Gaul and Iberia, where Neolithic farmers contributed to the development of the megalithic civilisation which began in 5.000 BC. This also explains the linguistic correspondences I established between Gaulish and Dravidian languages – 250 common words from the 500 words I studied, as well as similarities I found in the organisation of the Society and the religion, which lead various researchers to suggest, on the basis of the diffusion of the very ancient gene H2-P96 from India to Western Europe, that the first Europeans and the proto-Dravidians had a common origin.<br /><br />Cette étude, dont l’objectif initial était de démontrer les correspondances entre le gaulois et les langues slaves, entre lesquelles j’ai trouvé 500 mots communs, m’a en outre permis de démontrer, sur la base de données génétiques, archéologiques et religieuses, que ces correspondances étaient liées à des migrations anciennes qui ont diffusé la civilisation dravidienne de la vallée de l’Indus vers l’Iran, la Mésopotamie, l’Anatolie, le Caucase, le Nord de la Mer Noire, l’Europe danubienne et balkanique, la Gaule et l’Ibérie, où les agriculteurs néolithiques ont contribué à former la civilisation mégalithique qui s’est développée à partir de -5.000. Cela explique aussi les correspondances linguistiques que j’ai établies entre le gaulois et les langues dravidiennes - 250 mots communs sur les 500 mots étudiés, et les similitudes que j’ai constatées dans l’organisation de la société et la religion, qui amènent certains chercheurs à suggérer, sur la base de la diffusion du gène très ancien H2-P96 de l’Inde à l’Europe de l’Ouest, que les premiers Européens et les proto-Dravidiens avaient une origine commune.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43863922" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d5a0fd46e33d508ebd1a62f1fac84bb4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64187338,"asset_id":43863922,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64187338/download_file?st=MTczMjgzNDM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="154061827" href="https://grhis.academia.edu/XavierRouard">Xavier Rouard</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="154061827" type="text/json">{"id":154061827,"first_name":"Xavier","last_name":"Rouard","domain_name":"grhis","page_name":"XavierRouard","display_name":"Xavier Rouard","profile_url":"https://grhis.academia.edu/XavierRouard?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/154061827/45555131/38210029/s65_xavier.rouard.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43863922 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43863922"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43863922, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43863922", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43863922]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43863922").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43863922").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43863922"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="778" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diachronic_Linguistics_Or_Historical_Linguistics_">Diachronic Linguistics (Or Historical Linguistics)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="778" type="text/json">{"id":778,"name":"Diachronic Linguistics (Or Historical Linguistics)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diachronic_Linguistics_Or_Historical_Linguistics_?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1200" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics">Languages and Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1200" type="text/json">{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1205" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contact_Linguistics">Contact Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1205" type="text/json">{"id":1205,"name":"Contact Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contact_Linguistics?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1207" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics">Historical Linguistics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1207" type="text/json">{"id":1207,"name":"Historical Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43863922]'), work: {"id":43863922,"title":"Our ancestors the Gauls, the Slavs and the Dravidians, by Xavier ROUARD","created_at":"2020-08-15T04:51:33.105-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43863922/Our_ancestors_the_Gauls_the_Slavs_and_the_Dravidians_by_Xavier_ROUARD?f_ri=5237","dom_id":"work_43863922","summary":"This study, which first aim was to demonstrate correspondences between Gaulish and Slavic languages, between which I found 500 common words, allowed me also to establish, on the basis of genetical, archaeological and religious data, that those correspondences were linked with ancient migrations which spread the Dravidian civilisation of the Indus Valley to Iran, Mesopotamia, Anatolia, the Caucasus, the North of the Black Sea, Danuban and Balkan Europe, Gaul and Iberia, where Neolithic farmers contributed to the development of the megalithic civilisation which began in 5.000 BC. This also explains the linguistic correspondences I established between Gaulish and Dravidian languages – 250 common words from the 500 words I studied, as well as similarities I found in the organisation of the Society and the religion, which lead various researchers to suggest, on the basis of the diffusion of the very ancient gene H2-P96 from India to Western Europe, that the first Europeans and the proto-Dravidians had a common origin.\n\nCette étude, dont l’objectif initial était de démontrer les correspondances entre le gaulois et les langues slaves, entre lesquelles j’ai trouvé 500 mots communs, m’a en outre permis de démontrer, sur la base de données génétiques, archéologiques et religieuses, que ces correspondances étaient liées à des migrations anciennes qui ont diffusé la civilisation dravidienne de la vallée de l’Indus vers l’Iran, la Mésopotamie, l’Anatolie, le Caucase, le Nord de la Mer Noire, l’Europe danubienne et balkanique, la Gaule et l’Ibérie, où les agriculteurs néolithiques ont contribué à former la civilisation mégalithique qui s’est développée à partir de -5.000. Cela explique aussi les correspondances linguistiques que j’ai établies entre le gaulois et les langues dravidiennes - 250 mots communs sur les 500 mots étudiés, et les similitudes que j’ai constatées dans l’organisation de la société et la religion, qui amènent certains chercheurs à suggérer, sur la base de la diffusion du gène très ancien H2-P96 de l’Inde à l’Europe de l’Ouest, que les premiers Européens et les proto-Dravidiens avaient une origine commune.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64187338,"asset_id":43863922,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":154061827,"first_name":"Xavier","last_name":"Rouard","domain_name":"grhis","page_name":"XavierRouard","display_name":"Xavier Rouard","profile_url":"https://grhis.academia.edu/XavierRouard?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/154061827/45555131/38210029/s65_xavier.rouard.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":778,"name":"Diachronic Linguistics (Or Historical Linguistics)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diachronic_Linguistics_Or_Historical_Linguistics_?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":1205,"name":"Contact Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contact_Linguistics?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":1207,"name":"Historical Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":2717,"name":"Etymology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Etymology?f_ri=5237"},{"id":2718,"name":"Linguistic Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistic_Anthropology?f_ri=5237"},{"id":3558,"name":"South Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Studies?f_ri=5237"},{"id":4727,"name":"Ancient Indo-European Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Indo-European_Languages?f_ri=5237"},{"id":5237,"name":"Indo-European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=5237"},{"id":6921,"name":"Sanskrit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sanskrit?f_ri=5237"},{"id":9183,"name":"Comparative Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Linguistics?f_ri=5237"},{"id":11199,"name":"Neolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology?f_ri=5237"},{"id":26086,"name":"Neolithic Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Europe?f_ri=5237"},{"id":33749,"name":"Proto Indo-European","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proto_Indo-European?f_ri=5237"},{"id":42889,"name":"Celtic Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Languages?f_ri=5237"},{"id":50450,"name":"Dravidian Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dravidian_Linguistics?f_ri=5237"},{"id":94916,"name":"Indology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indology?f_ri=5237"},{"id":100347,"name":"Ancient DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_DNA?f_ri=5237"},{"id":396340,"name":"Gaulish language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gaulish_language?f_ri=5237"},{"id":2621163,"name":"Caucasus and Central Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caucasus_and_Central_Asia?f_ri=5237"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36288337" data-work_id="36288337" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36288337/How_many_velar_series_were_there_in_Proto_Indo_European_A_sketch_2018_">How many velar series were there in Proto-Indo-European? A sketch (2018)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Please, check a newer version of this article here: <a href="https://www.academia.edu/36291512/Velar_series_of_Proto-Indo-European_and_s-mobile_2018_corrected_" rel="nofollow">https://www.academia.edu/36291512/Velar_series_of_Proto-Indo-European_and_s-mobile_2018_corrected_</a> , as this one contains some errors already corrected in the newer version.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36288337" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4488857907aff8632f93ce7708c20c10" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56194234,"asset_id":36288337,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56194234/download_file?st=MTczMjgzNDM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8311781" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DrimedSnyingpo">Igor A Tonoyan-Belyayev</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8311781" type="text/json">{"id":8311781,"first_name":"Igor","last_name":"Tonoyan-Belyayev","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DrimedSnyingpo","display_name":"Igor A Tonoyan-Belyayev","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DrimedSnyingpo?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8311781/4191562/19668463/s65_igor.tonoyan-belyayev.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36288337 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36288337"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36288337, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36288337", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36288337]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36288337").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36288337").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36288337"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1239" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology">Phonology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1239" type="text/json">{"id":1239,"name":"Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1350" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-european_language_reconstruction">Indo-european language reconstruction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1350" type="text/json">{"id":1350,"name":"Indo-european language reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-european_language_reconstruction?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4727" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Indo-European_Languages">Ancient Indo-European Languages</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4727" type="text/json">{"id":4727,"name":"Ancient Indo-European Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Indo-European_Languages?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies">Indo-European Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5237" type="text/json">{"id":5237,"name":"Indo-European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36288337]'), work: {"id":36288337,"title":"How many velar series were there in Proto-Indo-European? A sketch (2018)","created_at":"2018-03-29T19:37:53.647-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36288337/How_many_velar_series_were_there_in_Proto_Indo_European_A_sketch_2018_?f_ri=5237","dom_id":"work_36288337","summary":"Please, check a newer version of this article here: https://www.academia.edu/36291512/Velar_series_of_Proto-Indo-European_and_s-mobile_2018_corrected_ , as this one contains some errors already corrected in the newer version.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56194234,"asset_id":36288337,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8311781,"first_name":"Igor","last_name":"Tonoyan-Belyayev","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DrimedSnyingpo","display_name":"Igor A Tonoyan-Belyayev","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DrimedSnyingpo?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8311781/4191562/19668463/s65_igor.tonoyan-belyayev.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1239,"name":"Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":1350,"name":"Indo-european language reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-european_language_reconstruction?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":4727,"name":"Ancient Indo-European Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Indo-European_Languages?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":5237,"name":"Indo-European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":32522,"name":"Indo-European Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Linguistics?f_ri=5237"},{"id":33749,"name":"Proto Indo-European","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proto_Indo-European?f_ri=5237"},{"id":127503,"name":"Indo-European","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European?f_ri=5237"},{"id":131296,"name":"Comparative Indo-European Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Indo-European_Linguistics?f_ri=5237"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10246764" data-work_id="10246764" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10246764/A_Gaelic_Eschatological_Folktale_Celtic_Cosmology_and_Dum%C3%A9zil_s_Three_Realms_">A Gaelic Eschatological Folktale, Celtic Cosmology and Dumézil’s “Three Realms”</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">ATU 20C is an international tale with an eschatological theme and a wide distribution throughout the world. Gaelic variants recorded in Ireland and Scotland during the 19th and 20th centuries have been observed to contain cosmological... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10246764" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">ATU 20C is an international tale with an eschatological theme and a wide distribution throughout the world. Gaelic variants <br />recorded in Ireland and Scotland during the 19th and 20th <br />centuries have been observed to contain cosmological themes and formulae, along with the pagan theonyms Crom and Donn. These <br />are examined in their relation to a medieval Irish cosmological <br />formula appearing in the Táin and other sources. The pre- <br />Christian traditions, particularly that of a tripartite cosmological <br />structure consisting of sky-earth-sea, are discussed within the <br />contexts of early Celtic belief. Comparisons with Iranian, Indic, <br />Greek, and Germanic systems indicate the presence of three such <br />cosmic realms from Indo-European times, suggesting that the <br />modern Gaelic variants, taken together, may be regarded as a <br />remarkable instance of long-term oral transmission.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10246764" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="66b70276853265a2bc99d1f326fba2ea" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36336998,"asset_id":10246764,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36336998/download_file?st=MTczMjgzNDM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="19391806" href="https://edinburgh.academia.edu/JohnShaw">John Shaw</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="19391806" type="text/json">{"id":19391806,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Shaw","domain_name":"edinburgh","page_name":"JohnShaw","display_name":"John Shaw","profile_url":"https://edinburgh.academia.edu/JohnShaw?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19391806/5394903/7708410/s65_john.shaw.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10246764 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10246764"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10246764, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10246764", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_10246764 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10246764; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_10246764"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_10246764 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10246764"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10246764; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10246764]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10246764").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10246764").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10246764"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_And_Folklore">Mythology And Folklore</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="123" type="text/json">{"id":123,"name":"Mythology And Folklore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_And_Folklore?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies">Celtic Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1392" type="text/json">{"id":1392,"name":"Celtic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies">Indo-European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5237" type="text/json">{"id":5237,"name":"Indo-European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9217" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Folktales">Folktales</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9217" type="text/json">{"id":9217,"name":"Folktales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Folktales?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10246764]'), work: {"id":10246764,"title":"A Gaelic Eschatological Folktale, Celtic Cosmology and Dumézil’s “Three Realms”","created_at":"2015-01-20T08:13:55.221-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10246764/A_Gaelic_Eschatological_Folktale_Celtic_Cosmology_and_Dum%C3%A9zil_s_Three_Realms_?f_ri=5237","dom_id":"work_10246764","summary":"ATU 20C is an international tale with an eschatological theme and a wide distribution throughout the world. Gaelic variants\r\nrecorded in Ireland and Scotland during the 19th and 20th\r\ncenturies have been observed to contain cosmological themes and formulae, along with the pagan theonyms Crom and Donn. These\r\nare examined in their relation to a medieval Irish cosmological\r\nformula appearing in the Táin and other sources. The pre-\r\nChristian traditions, particularly that of a tripartite cosmological\r\nstructure consisting of sky-earth-sea, are discussed within the\r\ncontexts of early Celtic belief. Comparisons with Iranian, Indic,\r\nGreek, and Germanic systems indicate the presence of three such\r\ncosmic realms from Indo-European times, suggesting that the\r\nmodern Gaelic variants, taken together, may be regarded as a\r\nremarkable instance of long-term oral transmission.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36336998,"asset_id":10246764,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":19391806,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Shaw","domain_name":"edinburgh","page_name":"JohnShaw","display_name":"John Shaw","profile_url":"https://edinburgh.academia.edu/JohnShaw?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19391806/5394903/7708410/s65_john.shaw.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":123,"name":"Mythology And Folklore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_And_Folklore?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":1392,"name":"Celtic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":5237,"name":"Indo-European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":9217,"name":"Folktales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Folktales?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":19267,"name":"Oral Tradition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oral_Tradition?f_ri=5237"},{"id":28977,"name":"Comparative mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_mythology?f_ri=5237"},{"id":43002,"name":"Georges Dumezil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Georges_Dumezil?f_ri=5237"},{"id":134619,"name":"Celtic Mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Mythology?f_ri=5237"},{"id":416589,"name":"Folktales, myth \u0026 re-storying","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Folktales_myth_and_re-storying?f_ri=5237"},{"id":785935,"name":"Children's Stories","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Childrens_Stories?f_ri=5237"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44624545" data-work_id="44624545" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44624545/The_Old_Indo_European_Layer_in_the_Mediterranean_as_Represented_by_Hydronyms_Toponyms_and_Ethnics">The Old Indo-European Layer in the Mediterranean as Represented by Hydronyms, Toponyms, and Ethnics</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Starting from the so-called “Nordwestblock” for criteria, the present investigation seeks to find out whether this earliest or Old Indo-European layer, datable from c. 3100 BC onwards, is also traceable in the hydronyms, toponyms, and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44624545" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Starting from the so-called “Nordwestblock” for criteria, the present investigation seeks to find out whether this earliest or Old Indo-European layer, datable from c. 3100 BC onwards, is also traceable in the hydronyms, toponyms, and ethnics with a bearing on the peninsulas of the northern Mediterranean, from Iberia in the west to Anatolia in the east. In doing so, as much as 26 Proto-Indo-European roots are selected which are likely to be representative for this earliest Indo-European layer in the Mediterranean, though not necessarily so as these roots are mostly of a common type and of continuous use in the individual languages Indo-European languages subsequently attested in the given regions. In this study, which is inspired by Hans Krahe’s work on Old [Indo-] European river names, the relevant Iberian material is, as far as I know, systematically integrated for the first time.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44624545" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="48f4a734e598cb9c67e4860b913011d1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65092983,"asset_id":44624545,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65092983/download_file?st=MTczMjgzNDM3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8706217" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FredWoudhuizen">Dr. Fred C. Woudhuizen [ 1959 - 2021 ]</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8706217" type="text/json">{"id":8706217,"first_name":"Dr. Fred C.","last_name":"Woudhuizen [ 1959 - 2021 ]","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FredWoudhuizen","display_name":"Dr. Fred C. Woudhuizen [ 1959 - 2021 ]","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FredWoudhuizen?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8706217/3552391/4169853/s65_fred.woudhuizen.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44624545 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44624545"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44624545, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44624545", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44624545 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44624545; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44624545"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44624545 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44624545"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44624545; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44624545]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44624545").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44624545").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44624545"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies">Indo-European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5237" type="text/json">{"id":5237,"name":"Indo-European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6952" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean_Studies">Mediterranean Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6952" type="text/json">{"id":6952,"name":"Mediterranean Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12461" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hittite">Hittite</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12461" type="text/json">{"id":12461,"name":"Hittite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hittite?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12462" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Luwian">Luwian</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12462" type="text/json">{"id":12462,"name":"Luwian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Luwian?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44624545]'), work: {"id":44624545,"title":"The Old Indo-European Layer in the Mediterranean as Represented by Hydronyms, Toponyms, and Ethnics","created_at":"2020-12-02T21:38:12.479-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44624545/The_Old_Indo_European_Layer_in_the_Mediterranean_as_Represented_by_Hydronyms_Toponyms_and_Ethnics?f_ri=5237","dom_id":"work_44624545","summary":"Starting from the so-called “Nordwestblock” for criteria, the present investigation seeks to find out whether this earliest or Old Indo-European layer, datable from c. 3100 BC onwards, is also traceable in the hydronyms, toponyms, and ethnics with a bearing on the peninsulas of the northern Mediterranean, from Iberia in the west to Anatolia in the east. In doing so, as much as 26 Proto-Indo-European roots are selected which are likely to be representative for this earliest Indo-European layer in the Mediterranean, though not necessarily so as these roots are mostly of a common type and of continuous use in the individual languages Indo-European languages subsequently attested in the given regions. In this study, which is inspired by Hans Krahe’s work on Old [Indo-] European river names, the relevant Iberian material is, as far as I know, systematically integrated for the first time.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65092983,"asset_id":44624545,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8706217,"first_name":"Dr. Fred C.","last_name":"Woudhuizen [ 1959 - 2021 ]","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FredWoudhuizen","display_name":"Dr. Fred C. Woudhuizen [ 1959 - 2021 ]","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FredWoudhuizen?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8706217/3552391/4169853/s65_fred.woudhuizen.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5237,"name":"Indo-European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":6952,"name":"Mediterranean Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":12461,"name":"Hittite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hittite?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":12462,"name":"Luwian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Luwian?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":15777,"name":"Italic Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italic_Languages?f_ri=5237"},{"id":33749,"name":"Proto Indo-European","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proto_Indo-European?f_ri=5237"},{"id":52660,"name":"Protohistoric Iberian Peninsula","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protohistoric_Iberian_Peninsula?f_ri=5237"},{"id":120067,"name":"Ancient Greek Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_Linguistics?f_ri=5237"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34897407" data-work_id="34897407" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34897407/Medb_the_intoxicating_one_Re_constructing_the_past_through_etymology_pdf">Medb ‘the intoxicating one’? (Re-)constructing the past through etymology.pdf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34897407" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b0156fe8120f8ca466ca90de5c54bee8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54758210,"asset_id":34897407,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54758210/download_file?st=MTczMjgzNDM3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="657403" href="https://saw-leipzig.academia.edu/BrittaIrslinger">Britta Irslinger</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="657403" type="text/json">{"id":657403,"first_name":"Britta","last_name":"Irslinger","domain_name":"saw-leipzig","page_name":"BrittaIrslinger","display_name":"Britta Irslinger","profile_url":"https://saw-leipzig.academia.edu/BrittaIrslinger?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/657403/1198290/1501200/s65_britta.irslinger.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34897407 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34897407"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34897407, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34897407", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34897407]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34897407").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34897407").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34897407"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_And_Folklore">Mythology And Folklore</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="123" type="text/json">{"id":123,"name":"Mythology And Folklore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_And_Folklore?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies">Indo-European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5237" type="text/json">{"id":5237,"name":"Indo-European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6672" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Linguistics">Celtic Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6672" type="text/json">{"id":6672,"name":"Celtic Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Linguistics?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28977" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_mythology">Comparative mythology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28977" type="text/json">{"id":28977,"name":"Comparative mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_mythology?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34897407]'), work: {"id":34897407,"title":"Medb ‘the intoxicating one’? (Re-)constructing the past through etymology.pdf","created_at":"2017-10-19T04:15:43.599-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34897407/Medb_the_intoxicating_one_Re_constructing_the_past_through_etymology_pdf?f_ri=5237","dom_id":"work_34897407","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54758210,"asset_id":34897407,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":657403,"first_name":"Britta","last_name":"Irslinger","domain_name":"saw-leipzig","page_name":"BrittaIrslinger","display_name":"Britta Irslinger","profile_url":"https://saw-leipzig.academia.edu/BrittaIrslinger?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/657403/1198290/1501200/s65_britta.irslinger.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":123,"name":"Mythology And Folklore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_And_Folklore?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":5237,"name":"Indo-European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":6672,"name":"Celtic Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Linguistics?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":28977,"name":"Comparative mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_mythology?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":134619,"name":"Celtic Mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celtic_Mythology?f_ri=5237"},{"id":178689,"name":"Indo-European Etymology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Etymology?f_ri=5237"},{"id":978528,"name":"Indo European Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo_European_Culture?f_ri=5237"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12883255" data-work_id="12883255" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12883255/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81_%D0%B2_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%85">Между волком и собакой: героический дискурс в раннесредневековой и советской культурных традициях</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">One of the basic epic plots - a "love triangle" between two warriors, elder and high-status one vs young and marginal one, and a "beauty" - analysed as representing the settled modes of social behavior translated through narration and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12883255" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">One of the basic epic plots - a "love triangle" between two warriors, elder and high-status one vs young and marginal one, and a "beauty" - analysed as representing the settled modes of social behavior translated through narration and ritual.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12883255" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa 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itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26823073" href="https://sgu-ru.academia.edu/VadimMikhailin">Vadim Mikhailin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26823073" type="text/json">{"id":26823073,"first_name":"Vadim","last_name":"Mikhailin","domain_name":"sgu-ru","page_name":"VadimMikhailin","display_name":"Vadim Mikhailin","profile_url":"https://sgu-ru.academia.edu/VadimMikhailin?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26823073/7495174/8419840/s65_vadim.mikhailin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12883255 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12883255"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12883255, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12883255", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12883255 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Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24360" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture_in_the_Soviet_Union">Culture in the Soviet Union</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="24360" type="text/json">{"id":24360,"name":"Culture in the Soviet Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture_in_the_Soviet_Union?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="196070" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Epics">Medieval Epics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="196070" type="text/json">{"id":196070,"name":"Medieval Epics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Epics?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="244677" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Soviet_Literature_and_Culture">Early Soviet Literature 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href="https://www.academia.edu/35051935/Indo_European_basic_lexicon_DRAFT_">Indo-European basic lexicon (DRAFT)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This Excel file is a WORK IN PROGRESS on Indo-European basic lexicon, aligning PIE reconstructions from IEW, LIV and Mallory-Adams with intermediate reconstructions of IE sub-families found in several other sources (mainly Brill / Leiden... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35051935" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This Excel file is a WORK IN PROGRESS on Indo-European basic lexicon, aligning PIE reconstructions from IEW, LIV and Mallory-Adams with intermediate reconstructions of IE sub-families found in several other sources (mainly Brill / Leiden etymological dictionaries): see dedicated sheet for details on sources.<br />Reconstructions with a green background have more complete data than those with a white background.<br />This DRAFT database is intended as a stepping stone for researchers who want to explore external genetic relationships between Indo-European languages and other language families.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35051935" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ddfdd589efaba1d54708ee1adb6386fe" rel="nofollow" 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class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64935205/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A7%D5%BA%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A8_2_The_earliest_sources_of_the_Armenian_epic_2">Հայկական էպոսի հնագույն ակունքները 2. The earliest sources of the Armenian epic 2</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Գիրքը հեղինակի՝ հայկական վիպական բանահյուսության վերաբերյալ մի շարք ուսումնասիրությունների ամբողջություն է, որը կարող է որոշակիորեն նոր պատկեր ստեղծել նյութի վերաբերյալ։ Քննվում են էպոսների հնագույն՝ առասպելաբանական շերտերը, նրանց հիման... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_64935205" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Գիրքը հեղինակի՝ հայկական վիպական բանահյուսության վերաբերյալ մի շարք ուսումնասիրությունների ամբողջություն է, որը կարող է որոշակիորեն նոր պատկեր ստեղծել նյութի վերաբերյալ։ Քննվում են էպոսների հնագույն՝ առասպելաբանական շերտերը, նրանց հիման վրա էպոսի ձևավորման և զարգացման խնդիրները։ Ներկայացվում են բազում նոր հնդեվրոպական, հնագույն մերձարևելյան և կովկասյան կապեր, ցույց է տրվում հայկական էպոսների ծագումը միևնույն առասպելաբանական հիմքից, նոր հայացքով է դիտվում ողջ հայ վիպական բանահյուսությունը՝ ազգածին ավանդությունից մինչև խորհրդային «էպոս» և վիպական կերպարների ծագումն ու զարգացումը։ Նախատեսվում է մասնագետների, ուսանողների և ընթերցողների լայն շրջանակների համար։</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/64935205" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cbe2dced9781089b1055a174931fd224" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76740229,"asset_id":64935205,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76740229/download_file?st=MTczMjgzNDM3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3433764" href="https://sci.academia.edu/ArmenPetrosyan">Armen Petrosyan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3433764" type="text/json">{"id":3433764,"first_name":"Armen","last_name":"Petrosyan","domain_name":"sci","page_name":"ArmenPetrosyan","display_name":"Armen Petrosyan","profile_url":"https://sci.academia.edu/ArmenPetrosyan?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3433764/1169067/1465487/s65_armen.petrosyan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_64935205 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="64935205"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64935205, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_64935205", }); 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Fraortes estableció... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44867599" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Deyoces (708- 665), hijo de Fraortes, unificó las “tribus” medas: busas (en Ecbátana), paractenos (en Isfahán capital), estrucates (en Markazi), arizantos (en Kashan, N de Isfahán), budios (en Markazi) y magos; Fraortes estableció Ecbátana como capital, expulsó a los asirios y fijó una legislación; su hijo Fraortes (665- 663) sometió a los persas y murió bajo Asurbanipal; su hijo Ciaxares (663- 549) reinó sobre Medos, Persas, Partos y Sagartios, enfrentó a Lidia que había dado refugio a unos escitas opositores, es el Asuero bíblico?; su hijo Astíages o Istuvegü (549- 539) se tuvo por mal gobernante, encargó a Hárpago dar muerte a su nieto Ciro, hijo de Mandana, pero Hárpago lo entregó a un pastor cuya esposa no cumplió la orden sino que lo cambió por su hijo muerto.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44867599" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8e1fee34c96ec597f1cee54873cf7a67" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65379347,"asset_id":44867599,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65379347/download_file?st=MTczMjgzNDM3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7584056" href="https://upsa.academia.edu/YamirGonz%C3%A1lez">Yamir González</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7584056" type="text/json">{"id":7584056,"first_name":"Yamir","last_name":"González","domain_name":"upsa","page_name":"YamirGonzález","display_name":"Yamir González","profile_url":"https://upsa.academia.edu/YamirGonz%C3%A1lez?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7584056/2742745/18512760/s65_yamir.gonz_lez.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44867599 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44867599"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44867599, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44867599", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44867599]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44867599").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44867599").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44867599"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History">Ancient History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130" type="text/json">{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3792" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Archaeology">Iranian Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3792" type="text/json">{"id":3792,"name":"Iranian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Archaeology?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4412" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4412" type="text/json">{"id":4412,"name":"Zoroastrianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoroastrianism?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44867599]'), work: {"id":44867599,"title":"EL REINO MEDO","created_at":"2021-01-09T03:30:51.823-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44867599/EL_REINO_MEDO?f_ri=5237","dom_id":"work_44867599","summary":"Deyoces (708- 665), hijo de Fraortes, unificó las “tribus” medas: busas (en Ecbátana), paractenos (en Isfahán capital), estrucates (en Markazi), arizantos (en Kashan, N de Isfahán), budios (en Markazi) y magos; Fraortes estableció Ecbátana como capital, expulsó a los asirios y fijó una legislación; su hijo Fraortes (665- 663) sometió a los persas y murió bajo Asurbanipal; su hijo Ciaxares (663- 549) reinó sobre Medos, Persas, Partos y Sagartios, enfrentó a Lidia que había dado refugio a unos escitas opositores, es el Asuero bíblico?; su hijo Astíages o Istuvegü (549- 539) se tuvo por mal gobernante, encargó a Hárpago dar muerte a su nieto Ciro, hijo de Mandana, pero Hárpago lo entregó a un pastor cuya esposa no cumplió la orden sino que lo cambió por su hijo muerto. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65379347,"asset_id":44867599,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7584056,"first_name":"Yamir","last_name":"González","domain_name":"upsa","page_name":"YamirGonzález","display_name":"Yamir González","profile_url":"https://upsa.academia.edu/YamirGonz%C3%A1lez?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7584056/2742745/18512760/s65_yamir.gonz_lez.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":3792,"name":"Iranian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Archaeology?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":4412,"name":"Zoroastrianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoroastrianism?f_ri=5237","nofollow":false},{"id":4727,"name":"Ancient Indo-European Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Indo-European_Languages?f_ri=5237"},{"id":5218,"name":"Iranian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Studies?f_ri=5237"},{"id":5237,"name":"Indo-European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Studies?f_ri=5237"},{"id":6117,"name":"History of Iran","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Iran?f_ri=5237"},{"id":6528,"name":"Biblical Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biblical_Studies?f_ri=5237"},{"id":19017,"name":"Ancient Persia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Persia?f_ri=5237"},{"id":26319,"name":"Zoroastrianism (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoroastrianism_History_?f_ri=5237"},{"id":38945,"name":"Arqueología","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arqueolog%C3%ADa?f_ri=5237"},{"id":71380,"name":"Arqueologia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arqueologia?f_ri=5237"},{"id":414164,"name":"Ecbatana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecbatana?f_ri=5237"},{"id":731260,"name":"Historia Del Vestido","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_Del_Vestido?f_ri=5237"},{"id":752595,"name":"Antiguo Testamento","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antiguo_Testamento?f_ri=5237"},{"id":758553,"name":"Libro De Daniel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Libro_De_Daniel?f_ri=5237"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43869779" data-work_id="43869779" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43869779/A_Comparison_Between_Elamite_and_Other_Indo_European_Sound_Changes">A Comparison Between Elamite and Other Indo-European Sound Changes</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Two tables: 1. Proto-Indo-European consonants and their reflexes in Elamite and other Indo-European languages, 2. Some of the most fundamental Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) words and roots, with their cognates in Elamite and other... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43869779" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Two tables: 1. Proto-Indo-European consonants and their reflexes in Elamite and other Indo-European languages, 2. Some of the most fundamental Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) words and roots, with their cognates in Elamite and other Indo-European languages.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43869779" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3d0133397c55d3664978adfdfbc0498f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64642453,"asset_id":43869779,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64642453/download_file?st=MTczMjgzNDM3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="66893182" href="https://tehran.academia.edu/MojtabaShahmiri">Mojtaba Shahmiri</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="66893182" type="text/json">{"id":66893182,"first_name":"Mojtaba","last_name":"Shahmiri","domain_name":"tehran","page_name":"MojtabaShahmiri","display_name":"Mojtaba Shahmiri","profile_url":"https://tehran.academia.edu/MojtabaShahmiri?f_ri=5237","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/66893182/23202647/29625781/s65_mojtaba.shahmiri.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43869779 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43869779"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43869779, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43869779", }); 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