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id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Treaty of Verdun</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 67 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-67" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">67 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdrag_van_Verdun" title="Verdrag van Verdun – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Verdrag van Verdun" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertrag_von_Verdun" title="Vertrag von Verdun – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Vertrag von Verdun" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="معاهدة فيردان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معاهدة فيردان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trat%C3%A1u_de_Verd%C3%BAn" title="Tratáu de Verdún – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tratáu de Verdún" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verden_m%C3%BCqavil%C9%99si" title="Verden müqaviləsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Verden müqaviləsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun_Ti%C3%A2u-iok" title="Verdun Tiâu-iok – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Verdun Tiâu-iok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Вердэнскі дагавор – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вердэнскі дагавор" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Вердюнски договор – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вердюнски договор" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdenski_ugovor" title="Verdenski ugovor – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Verdenski ugovor" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feur-emglev_Verdun" title="Feur-emglev Verdun – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Feur-emglev Verdun" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tractat_de_Verdun" title="Tractat de Verdun – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tractat de Verdun" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdunsk%C3%A1_smlouva" title="Verdunská smlouva – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Verdunská smlouva" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytundeb_Verdun" title="Cytundeb Verdun – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cytundeb Verdun" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traktaten_i_Verdun" title="Traktaten i Verdun – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Traktaten i Verdun" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertrag_von_Verdun" title="Vertrag von Verdun – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vertrag von Verdun" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verduni_leping" title="Verduni leping – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Verduni leping" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B8%CE%AE%CE%BA%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%92%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%BD" title="Συνθήκη του Βερντέν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Συνθήκη του Βερντέν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tratado_de_Verd%C3%BAn" title="Tratado de Verdún – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tratado de Verdún" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traktato_de_Verduno" title="Traktato de Verduno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Traktato de Verduno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdungo_Hitzarmena" title="Verdungo Hitzarmena – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Verdungo Hitzarmena" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="پیمان وردون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیمان وردون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_de_Verdun" title="Traité de Verdun – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Traité de Verdun" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdrach_fan_Ferdun" title="Ferdrach fan Ferdun – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ferdrach fan Ferdun" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conradh_Verdun" title="Conradh Verdun – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Conradh Verdun" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tratado_de_Verd%C3%BAn" title="Tratado de Verdún – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tratado de Verdún" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%EB%90%AD_%EC%A1%B0%EC%95%BD" title="베르됭 조약 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="베르됭 조약" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D6%80" title="Վերդենի պայմանագիր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վերդենի պայմանագիր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdunski_ugovor" title="Verdunski ugovor – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Verdunski ugovor" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perjanjian_Verdun" title="Perjanjian Verdun – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perjanjian Verdun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun-samningurinn" title="Verdun-samningurinn – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Verdun-samningurinn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trattato_di_Verdun" title="Trattato di Verdun – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Trattato di Verdun" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%96%D7%94_%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%9F" title="חוזה ורדן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חוזה ורדן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prajanj%C3%A8n_Verdun" title="Prajanjèn Verdun – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Prajanjèn Verdun" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ვერდენის ხელშეკრულება – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვერდენის ხელშეკრულება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8_(843)" title="Верден келишими (843) – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Верден келишими (843)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdenas_l%C4%ABgums" title="Verdenas līgums – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Verdenas līgums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_vu_Verdun" title="Traité vu Verdun – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Traité vu Verdun" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdeno_sutartis" title="Verdeno sutartis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Verdeno sutartis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verduni_szerz%C5%91d%C3%A9s" title="Verduni szerződés – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Verduni szerződés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Верденски договор – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Верденски договор" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdrag_van_Verdun" title="Verdrag van Verdun – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Verdrag van Verdun" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AB%E3%83%80%E3%83%B3%E6%9D%A1%E7%B4%84" title="ヴェルダン条約 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴェルダン条約" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traktaten_i_Verdun" title="Traktaten i Verdun – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Traktaten i Verdun" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun-traktaten" title="Verdun-traktaten – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Verdun-traktaten" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tractat_de_Verdun" title="Tractat de Verdun – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tractat de Verdun" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verden_shartnomasi" title="Verden shartnomasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Verden shartnomasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traktat_w_Verdun" title="Traktat w Verdun – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Traktat w Verdun" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tratado_de_Verdun" title="Tratado de Verdun – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tratado de Verdun" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tratatul_de_la_Verdun" title="Tratatul de la Verdun – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tratatul de la Verdun" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Верденский договор – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Верденский договор" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Verdun" title="Treaty of Verdun – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Treaty of Verdun" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdunsk%C3%A1_zmluva" title="Verdunská zmluva – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Verdunská zmluva" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdunska_pogodba" title="Verdunska pogodba – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Verdunska pogodba" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Верденски споразум – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Верденски споразум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdunski_sporazum" title="Verdunski sporazum – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Verdunski sporazum" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdunin_sopimus" title="Verdunin sopimus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Verdunin sopimus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6rdraget_i_Verdun" title="Fördraget i Verdun – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fördraget i Verdun" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87" title="สนธิสัญญาแวร์เดิง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สนธิสัญญาแวร์เดิง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun_Antla%C5%9Fmas%C4%B1" title="Verdun Antlaşması – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Verdun Antlaşması" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80" title="Верденський договір – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Верденський договір" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi%E1%BB%87p_%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_Verdun" title="Hiệp ước Verdun – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hiệp ước Verdun" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cossina_d%27_Verdun" title="Cossina d' Verdun – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Cossina d' Verdun" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdrag_van_Verdun" title="Verdrag van Verdun – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Verdrag van Verdun" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li 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ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%;">Treaty of Verdun</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:1px #aaa solid;padding-top:0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_the_Pious_blessing_the_division_of_the_Carolingian_Empire_in_843_into_West_Francia,_Lotharingia,_and_East_Francia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Louis_the_Pious_blessing_the_division_of_the_Carolingian_Empire_in_843_into_West_Francia%2C_Lotharingia%2C_and_East_Francia.jpg/300px-Louis_the_Pious_blessing_the_division_of_the_Carolingian_Empire_in_843_into_West_Francia%2C_Lotharingia%2C_and_East_Francia.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Louis_the_Pious_blessing_the_division_of_the_Carolingian_Empire_in_843_into_West_Francia%2C_Lotharingia%2C_and_East_Francia.jpg/450px-Louis_the_Pious_blessing_the_division_of_the_Carolingian_Empire_in_843_into_West_Francia%2C_Lotharingia%2C_and_East_Francia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Louis_the_Pious_blessing_the_division_of_the_Carolingian_Empire_in_843_into_West_Francia%2C_Lotharingia%2C_and_East_Francia.jpg/600px-Louis_the_Pious_blessing_the_division_of_the_Carolingian_Empire_in_843_into_West_Francia%2C_Lotharingia%2C_and_East_Francia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1136" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em;">Emperor <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Pious" title="Louis the Pious">Louis I</a> (right) blessing the division of the <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Frankish Empire</a> in 843 into <a href="/wiki/West_Francia" title="West Francia">West Francia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middle_Francia" title="Middle Francia">Middle Francia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">East Francia</a>; from the <i><a href="/wiki/Grandes_Chroniques_de_France" title="Grandes Chroniques de France">Grandes Chroniques de France</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/15th_century" title="15th century">15th century</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signed</th><td class="infobox-data">10 August 843</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location"><a href="/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun">Verdun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Francia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parties</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" title="Charles the Bald">Charles II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_I" title="Lothair I">Lothair I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_German" title="Louis the German">Louis II</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Treaty of Verdun</b> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Traité de Verdun</i>, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Vertrag von Verdun</i>), agreed in 10 August 843, divided the <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Frankish Empire</a> into three kingdoms between <a href="/wiki/Lothair_I" title="Lothair I">Lothair I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_German" title="Louis the German">Louis II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" title="Charles the Bald">Charles II</a>, the surviving sons of the emperor <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Pious" title="Louis the Pious">Louis I</a>, the son and successor of <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a>. The treaty was concluded following almost three years of civil war and was the culmination of negotiations lasting more than a year. It was the first in a series of partitions contributing to the dissolution of the empire created by Charlemagne and has been seen as foreshadowing the formation of many of the modern countries of <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">western Europe</a>. </p><p>The treaty was the first of the four partition treaties of the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_Empire" title="Carolingian Empire">Carolingian Empire</a>, followed by the Treaties of <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Pr%C3%BCm" title="Treaty of Prüm">Prüm</a> (855), <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Meerssen" title="Treaty of Meerssen">Meerssen</a> (870), and <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Ribemont" title="Treaty of Ribemont">Ribemont</a> (880). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Verdun&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following Charlemagne's death, Louis was made ruler of the Frankish Empire. <a href="/wiki/Agobard" title="Agobard">Agobard</a>, archbishop of Lyon, opposed the division of the empire, as he claimed that it would divide the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his reign, <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Pious" title="Louis the Pious">Louis the Pious</a> divided the empire so that each of his sons could rule over their own kingdom under the greater rule of their father. Louis’ eldest son, <a href="/wiki/Lothair_I" title="Lothair I">Lothair I</a>, was given the title of emperor but because of several re-divisions by his father and the resulting revolts, he became much less powerful. When Louis died in 840, Lothair I claimed overlordship over the entirety of his father's kingdom in an attempt to reclaim the power he had at the beginning of his reign as <a href="/wiki/Emperor" title="Emperor">emperor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also supported his nephew <a href="/wiki/Pepin_II_of_Aquitaine" title="Pepin II of Aquitaine">Pepin II's</a> claim to <a href="/wiki/Aquitaine" title="Aquitaine">Aquitaine</a>, a large province in the west of the <a href="/wiki/Frankish_Realm" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankish Realm">Frankish realm</a>. Lothair's brother, <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_German" title="Louis the German">Louis II</a>, and his half-brother <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" title="Charles the Bald">Charles II</a> refused to acknowledge Lothair's <a href="/wiki/Suzerainty" title="Suzerainty">suzerainty</a> and declared war against him.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a bloody civil war, they defeated Lothair at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fontenoy_(841)" title="Battle of Fontenoy (841)">Battle of Fontenoy</a> in 841 and sealed their alliance in 842 with the <a href="/wiki/Oaths_of_Strasbourg" title="Oaths of Strasbourg">Oaths of Strasbourg</a> which declared Lothair unfit for the imperial throne, after which he became willing to negotiate a settlement.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The meeting happened shortly before August 10, as confirmed by a contemporary letter.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Provisions">Provisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Verdun&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Provisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vertrag_von_Verdun_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Vertrag_von_Verdun_en.svg/370px-Vertrag_von_Verdun_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="370" height="370" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Vertrag_von_Verdun_en.svg/555px-Vertrag_von_Verdun_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Vertrag_von_Verdun_en.svg/740px-Vertrag_von_Verdun_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="890" data-file-height="890" /></a><figcaption>Partition of the <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Frankish Empire</a> after the Treaty of Verdun 843.<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#B5B4B9; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/West_Francia" title="West Francia">Francia Occidentalis</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FEDA86; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Middle_Francia" title="Middle Francia">Francia Media</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#BCEAFE; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">Francia Orientalis</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Each of the three brothers was already established in one kingdom: Lothair in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">Kingdom of Italy</a>; Louis the German in the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bavaria" title="Duchy of Bavaria">Kingdom of Bavaria</a>; and Charles II in the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Aquitaine" title="Duchy of Aquitaine">Kingdom of Aquitaine</a>. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_I" title="Lothair I">Lothair I</a> received <a href="/wiki/Middle_Francia" title="Middle Francia"><i>Francia Media</i></a> (the Middle Frankish kingdom).</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>In the settlement, Lothair (who had been named co-emperor in 817) retained his title as emperor, but it conferred only nominal overlordship of his brothers' lands.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His domain later became the <a href="/wiki/Low_Countries" title="Low Countries">Low Countries</a>, the Rhineland west of the Rhine, <a href="/wiki/Lorraine_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lorraine (province)">Lorraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burgundy_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Burgundy (region)">Burgundy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provence</a>, and the Kingdom of Italy (which covered the northern half of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Peninsula">Italian Peninsula</a>). He also received the two imperial cities, <a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_German" title="Louis the German">Louis II</a> received <a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia"><i>Francia Orientalis</i></a> (the East Frankish kingdom).</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>He was guaranteed the kingship of all lands to the east of the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> (although not the Netherlands to the north of the Rhine) and to the north and east of <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, altogether called East Francia. It eventually became the <a href="/wiki/High_Middle_Ages" title="High Middle Ages">High Medieval</a> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Germany" title="Kingdom of Germany">Kingdom of Germany</a>, the largest component of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" title="Charles the Bald">Charles II</a> received <a href="/wiki/West_Francia" title="West Francia"><i>Francia Occidentalis</i></a> (the West Frankish kingdom).</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Pepin_II_of_Aquitaine" title="Pepin II of Aquitaine">Pepin II</a> was granted the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Aquitaine" title="Duchy of Aquitaine">Kingdom of Aquitaine</a>, but only under the authority of Charles.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Charles received all lands west of the <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Rhône">Rhône</a>, called West Francia.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It eventually became the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a>.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>After Lothair's death in 855, his eldest son, <a href="/wiki/Louis_II_of_Italy" title="Louis II of Italy">Louis II</a>, inherited Italy and his father's claim to the Imperial throne. <a href="/wiki/Upper_Burgundy" title="Upper Burgundy">Upper Burgundy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lower_Burgundy" title="Lower Burgundy">Lower Burgundy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arles" title="Arles">Arles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provence</a>) passed to Lothair's third son, <a href="/wiki/Charles_of_Provence" title="Charles of Provence">Charles of Provence</a>. The remaining territory north of the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a>, which did not previously have a name, was inherited by Lothair's second son, <a href="/wiki/Lothair_II" title="Lothair II">Lothair II</a>, and was then named <a href="/wiki/Lotharingia" title="Lotharingia">Lotharingia</a> (present day <a href="/wiki/Lorraine_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lorraine (province)">Lorraine</a>) after him. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Verdun&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Treaty_of_Verdun" title="Special:EditPage/Treaty of Verdun">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fontenoy-en-Puisaye-FR-89-m%C3%A9morial_du_trait%C3%A9_de_Verdun-02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Fontenoy-en-Puisaye-FR-89-m%C3%A9morial_du_trait%C3%A9_de_Verdun-02.jpg/170px-Fontenoy-en-Puisaye-FR-89-m%C3%A9morial_du_trait%C3%A9_de_Verdun-02.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Fontenoy-en-Puisaye-FR-89-m%C3%A9morial_du_trait%C3%A9_de_Verdun-02.jpg/255px-Fontenoy-en-Puisaye-FR-89-m%C3%A9morial_du_trait%C3%A9_de_Verdun-02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Fontenoy-en-Puisaye-FR-89-m%C3%A9morial_du_trait%C3%A9_de_Verdun-02.jpg/340px-Fontenoy-en-Puisaye-FR-89-m%C3%A9morial_du_trait%C3%A9_de_Verdun-02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Treaty of Verdun Memorial at <a href="/wiki/Fontenoy,_Yonne" title="Fontenoy, Yonne">Fontenoy-en-Puisaye</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The division reflected an adherence to the old <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Frankish</a> custom of <a href="/wiki/Partible_inheritance" title="Partible inheritance">partible or divisible inheritance</a> amongst a ruler's sons, rather than <a href="/wiki/Primogeniture" title="Primogeniture">primogeniture</a> (i.e., inheritance by the eldest son) which would soon be adopted by both Frankish kingdoms. Since Lotharingia combined lengthy and vulnerable land borders with poor internal communications as it was severed by the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a>, it was not a viable entity and soon fragmented. This made it difficult for a single ruler to reassemble Charlemagne's empire. Only <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Fat" title="Charles the Fat">Charles the Fat</a> achieved this briefly. </p><p>In 855, the northern section became fragile Lotharingia, which became <a href="/wiki/French%E2%80%93German_enmity" title="French–German enmity">disputed</a> by the more powerful states that evolved out of Francia Occidentalis (present day <i><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></i>) and Francia Orientalis (present day <i><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></i>). Generations of kings of France and Germany were unable to establish a firm rule over Lothair's kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Lorraine">north of Lotharingia</a> was then composed of <a href="/wiki/Benelux" title="Benelux">independent countries</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Alsace-Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Alsace-Lorraine">southern third of Lotharingia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alsace-Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Alsace-Lorraine">Alsace-Lorraine</a>, was traded back and forth between <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> from the 18th to the 20th century. In 1766, it passed to France after the death of <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski" title="Stanisław Leszczyński">Stanisław Leszczyński</a>, who had acquired the region from the German <a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">Habsburgs</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Vienna_(1738)" title="Treaty of Vienna (1738)">Treaty of Vienna (1738)</a> ending the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Polish_Succession" title="War of the Polish Succession">War of Polish Succession</a> (1733–1738). In 1871, Alsace-Lorraine became German, after the victory of <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a> and its German allies over the French in the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a> (1870–1871). In 1919, it became French again by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a> (1919), following the French victory over the Germans in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> (1914–1918). In 1940, Germany reannexed Alsace-Lorraine following Germany's <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_France_(Nazi_Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of France (Nazi Germany)">conquest of France</a>. Finally, in 1945, after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> (1939–1945), Alsace-Lorraine was solidified as French territory, which it remains to this day, more than a thousand years after the Treaty of Verdun. The collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Lotharingia" title="Lotharingia">Middle Frankish Kingdom</a> also compounded the disunity of the Italian Peninsula, which persisted into the 19th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Verdun&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oaths_of_Strasbourg" title="Oaths of Strasbourg">Oaths of Strasbourg</a> (842)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Coulaines" title="Treaty of Coulaines">Treaty of Coulaines</a> (843)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Pr%C3%BCm" title="Treaty of Prüm">Treaty of Prüm</a> (855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Meerssen" title="Treaty of Meerssen">Treaty of Meerssen</a> (870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Ribemont" title="Treaty of Ribemont">Treaty of Ribemont</a> (880)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Verdun&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFvon_Ranke1894" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">von Ranke, Leopold (1894). <i>Deutsche Geschichte</i> [<i>German History</i>] (in German) (3rd ed.). Leipzig: Verlag von Duncker & Humblot. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Deutsche+Geschichte&rft.place=Leipzig&rft.pages=8&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Verlag+von+Duncker+%26+Humblot&rft.date=1894&rft.aulast=von+Ranke&rft.aufirst=Leopold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Verdun" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date and year (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_date_and_year" title="Category:CS1 maint: date and year">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/the-treaty-of-verdun-1789809">"What was the Treaty of Verdun?"</a>. <i>ThoughtCo</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ThoughtCo&rft.atitle=What+was+the+Treaty+of+Verdun%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thoughtco.com%2Fthe-treaty-of-verdun-1789809&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Verdun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Treaty-of-Verdun">"Treaty of Verdun"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia Britannica">Encyclopedia Britannica</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Treaty+of+Verdun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fevent%2FTreaty-of-Verdun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Verdun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pouzet, Philibert (1890). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=90Df1UkNqlgC&pg=PA72"><i>La succession de Charlemagne et le traité de Verdun</i>.</a> Paris. p. 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldberg2006" class="citation book cs1">Goldberg, Eric Joseph (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oyiTg0wgl58C&pg=PA115"><i>Struggle for Empire: Kingship and Conflict Under Louis the German, 817–876</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>. p. 115. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801438905" title="Special:BookSources/9780801438905"><bdi>9780801438905</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Struggle+for+Empire%3A+Kingship+and+Conflict+Under+Louis+the+German%2C+817%E2%80%93876&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780801438905&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Eric+Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoyiTg0wgl58C%26pg%3DPA115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Verdun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Friedrich Heer (2002). <i>The Holy Roman Empire</i>, p. 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pippin-II-Carolingian-king">"Pippin II"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia Britannica">Encyclopedia Britannica</a></i>. 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Pippin+II&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FPippin-II-Carolingian-king&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Verdun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-II-Holy-Roman-emperor">"Charles II"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia Britannica">Encyclopedia Britannica</a></i>. 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Charles+II&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FCharles-II-Holy-Roman-emperor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Verdun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenagain.info/WebChron/WestEurope/VerdunTreaty.html">"Treaty of Verdun: 843"</a>. <i>thenagain.info</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thenagain.info&rft.atitle=Treaty+of+Verdun%3A+843&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenagain.info%2FWebChron%2FWestEurope%2FVerdunTreaty.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Verdun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Verdun&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" 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