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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Religious significance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Practices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Practices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Practices</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Practices-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Practices subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Practices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vishukkani" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vishukkani"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Vishukkani</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vishukkani-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vishu_Sadhya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vishu_Sadhya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Vishu Sadhya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vishu_Sadhya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Padakkam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Padakkam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Padakkam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Padakkam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Konna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_customs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_customs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Other customs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_customs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pathamudayam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pathamudayam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Pathamudayam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pathamudayam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Velayum_Kummaattiyum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Velayum_Kummaattiyum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Velayum Kummaattiyum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Velayum_Kummaattiyum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_holidays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%81" title="বিষু – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বিষু" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%81" title="বিষু – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিষু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishu" title="Vishu – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vishu" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%B7%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Վիշու – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիշու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%81" title="विषु – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विषु" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%81" title="വിഷു – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിഷു" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishu" title="Vishu – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Vishu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%82" title="ਵਿਸ਼ੂ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿਸ਼ੂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishu" title="Vishu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Vishu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Indian festival</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Indian_New_Year%27s_days" title="Indian New Year's days">Indian New Year's days</a></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above hd" style="background-color: transparent">Vishu</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Vishu_Kani_foods.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Vishu_Kani_foods.jpg/250px-Vishu_Kani_foods.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Vishu_Kani_foods.jpg/500px-Vishu_Kani_foods.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="caption">A traditional <i>Vishu kani</i> setting with auspicious items.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Vishu</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Observed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Malayalis" title="Malayalis">Malayalis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">cultural, seasonal</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Significance</th><td class="infobox-data summary">Malayali New Year (traditional)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Observances</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Kani</i>, <i>Kaineetam</i>, <i>Kanji</i>, <i>Kani konna</i>, <i>Padakkam</i> (firecrackers)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Begins</th><td class="infobox-data">4:00am <a href="/wiki/Brahmamuhurtha" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmamuhurtha">Brahmamuhurtha</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ends</th><td class="infobox-data">end of the day</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">First day of the month of <i>medam</i> (<a href="/wiki/Aries_(constellation)" title="Aries (constellation)">Aries</a>) in the <a href="/wiki/Malayalam_calendar" title="Malayalam calendar">Malayalam calendar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">2024 date</th><td class="infobox-data">Sun, 14 April</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Related to</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/South_and_Southeast_Asian_solar_New_Year" title="South and Southeast Asian solar New Year">South and Southeast Asian solar New Year</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Vishu</b> (Malayalam: വിഷു) is a <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> festival<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> celebrating the <a href="/wiki/Malayali" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayali">Malayali</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New Year<sup id="cite_ref-mathr1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mathr1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mano1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mano1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tulu_Nadu" title="Tulu Nadu">Tulu Nadu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mahe_district" title="Mahe district">Mahe</a> of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vishu falls on the first day of the month of <i>Medam</i> in the Solar calender used in <a href="/wiki/Malabar_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Malabar district">Malabar</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a><sup id="cite_ref-vishugok_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vishugok-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (April 14 or 15 in the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> signifying the <b><a href="/wiki/Solar_New_Year" title="Solar New Year">solar new year</a></b> as the sun moves into the zodiac sign of Aries. It is the <b>traditional new year</b>, while the Kollam era calendar, which was later formed at Kollam, new year falls on the 1st <a href="/wiki/Kerala_New_Year_(Kollam_era)" title="Kerala New Year (Kollam era)">Chingham</a> (August 16 or 17).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vishu falls either on the same day or near April 14/15 as other new years in parts of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> where the sun's path is followed, such as in states like <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">Northeast India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jammu" title="Jammu">Jammu</a>. Additionally, the <a href="/wiki/Songkran" class="mw-redirect" title="Songkran">Songkran</a> festival of South East Asia also falls on the Vishu date, with the significance of the <a href="/wiki/Cassia_fistula" title="Cassia fistula">Kanikonna</a> as part of Laos new year same like of Vishu celebrations in <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>.The <a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_New_Year" title="Sinhalese New Year">Sinhalese New Year</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> also coincides with the Vishu date, sharing similar traditions such as the Vishu Kani, flower blossoms, traditional foods, and fireworks<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The festival is marked by family time, preparing colourful auspicious items and viewing these as the first thing on the Vishu day (Vishukkani). In particular, Malayalis seek to view the golden blossoms of the <a href="/wiki/Cassia_fistula" title="Cassia fistula">Indian laburnum</a> (<i>Kani Konna</i>), money or silver items, cloth (pattu), mirror, rice, coconut, cucumber, fruits and other harvest products.<sup id="cite_ref-vishugok_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vishugok-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jagannathan2005p76_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jagannathan2005p76-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Days before Vishu, people start bursting fireworks at their houses and it concludes with lot of fireworks on day of Vishu.<sup id="cite_ref-vishugok_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vishugok-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> People wear new clothes (<i>Kodi</i>) and they eat a feast called <i><a href="/wiki/Sadhya" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadhya">Sadhya</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <i>Kaineettam</i>, elders give a small amount of pocket money to children. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_origin">Etymology and origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vishu&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology and origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_basis_of_the_Hindu_calendar" title="Astronomical basis of the Hindu calendar">Astronomical basis of the Hindu calendar</a></div> <p><i>Vishu</i>, from Sanskrit <i>Viṣuvam</i>, literally means 'equal',<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it connoted to the celebration of <a href="/wiki/March_equinox" title="March equinox">spring equinox</a> in the past.<sup id="cite_ref-vishugok_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vishugok-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The spring equinox however occurs 24 days before the day of Vishu, on 21 March/<a href="/wiki/Malayalam_calendar" title="Malayalam calendar">Meenam</a> 7, due to <a href="/wiki/Precession_of_equinoxes" class="mw-redirect" title="Precession of equinoxes">precession of equinoxes</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_significance">Religious significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vishu&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Religious significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vishu marks the first day of the astronomical year, a celebration of new beginnings and prosperity. A key tradition during Vishu is the vishukani, a carefully arranged collection of auspicious items such as fruits, flowers, coins, and gold. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vishu_kani,_Calicut.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Vishu_kani%2C_Calicut.jpg/250px-Vishu_kani%2C_Calicut.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Vishu_kani%2C_Calicut.jpg/330px-Vishu_kani%2C_Calicut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Vishu_kani%2C_Calicut.jpg/500px-Vishu_kani%2C_Calicut.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1071" /></a><figcaption>Vishu kani from Calicut, Kerala, India</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Practices">Practices</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vishu&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Practices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vishukkani">Vishukkani</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vishu&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Vishukkani"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:322px;max-width:322px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:150px;max-width:150px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:111px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_TraditionalVishu_Event_-_Vishukkani.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/A_TraditionalVishu_Event_-_Vishukkani.jpg/148px-A_TraditionalVishu_Event_-_Vishukkani.jpg" decoding="async" width="148" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/A_TraditionalVishu_Event_-_Vishukkani.jpg/222px-A_TraditionalVishu_Event_-_Vishukkani.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/A_TraditionalVishu_Event_-_Vishukkani.jpg/296px-A_TraditionalVishu_Event_-_Vishukkani.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Vishu Kani in Kerala</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:168px;max-width:168px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:111px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bisu_Kani_in_Tulunadu_Coastal_Karnataka_(20).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bisu_Kani_in_Tulunadu_Coastal_Karnataka_%2820%29.jpg/166px-Bisu_Kani_in_Tulunadu_Coastal_Karnataka_%2820%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bisu_Kani_in_Tulunadu_Coastal_Karnataka_%2820%29.jpg/249px-Bisu_Kani_in_Tulunadu_Coastal_Karnataka_%2820%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bisu_Kani_in_Tulunadu_Coastal_Karnataka_%2820%29.jpg/332px-Bisu_Kani_in_Tulunadu_Coastal_Karnataka_%2820%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Bisu in Tulunadu Coastal Karnataka</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The Malayalam word "kani" literally means "that which is seen first," so "Vishukkani" means "that which is seen first on Vishu." The traditional belief is that one's future is a function of what one experiences and that the new year will be better if one views auspicious, joyful things as the first thing on Vishu. Therefore, Malayalis spend the day before preparing a setting, usually a tray, of auspicious items. This setting is the first thing they see when they wake up on the Vishu day.<sup id="cite_ref-Jagannathan2005p76_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jagannathan2005p76-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dalal2010p461_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dalal2010p461-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Vishukkani setting consists of items such as<sup id="cite_ref-:3_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a>, golden <a href="/wiki/Lemon" title="Lemon">lemon</a>, golden <a href="/wiki/Cucumber" title="Cucumber">cucumber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">coconut</a> cut open, jack fruit, <a href="/wiki/Kajal" class="mw-redirect" title="Kajal">Kanmashi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Betel" title="Betel">betel</a> leaves, <a href="/wiki/Arecanut" class="mw-redirect" title="Arecanut">arecanut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aranmula_kannadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Aranmula kannadi">Aranmula kannadi</a> (<i>Vaalkannadi</i>), golden colour <i>Konna</i> flowers (<i><a href="/wiki/Cassia_fistula" title="Cassia fistula">Cassia fistula</a></i>) which bloom in the season of Vishu, <i>nilavilakku</i>, idol of <a href="/wiki/Lord_Vishnu" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Vishnu">Vishnu</a> or his incarnation <a href="/wiki/Lord_Krishna" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Krishna">Krishna</a>, and other auspicious items.<sup id="cite_ref-Jagannathan2005p76_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jagannathan2005p76-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mirror in Vishukani is a symbol of seeing yourself as a part of abundance you see in the form of Kani. </p><p>One of the Vishu related devotional songs (also popularised as a song from the 1962 Malayalam movie 'Omanakkuttan') that communicate the glory of Krishna in his childhood form, begins with the following lines: </p><p>കണികാണും നേരം കമലാനേത്രന്റെ </p><p>നിറമേറും മഞ്ഞത്തുകിൽ ചാർത്തീ </p><p>കനകക്കിങ്ങിണി വളകൾ മോതിരം </p><p>അണിഞ്ഞു കാണേണം ഭഗവാനേ </p><p>(Oh <a href="/wiki/Sacred_lotus_in_religious_art" title="Sacred lotus in religious art">Lotus</a>-eyed, during the vision of Kani, let You be seen adorned with the increasingly glowing yellow costume and the bangles, bells and rings of gold.) </p><p>The tradition is that elders light the lamps after waking up, then wakes up juniors in the family. As soon as you wake up, you walk to the kani eyes closed, and sees Kani as the first scene of the year.<sup id="cite_ref-Jagannathan2005p76_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jagannathan2005p76-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dalal2010p461_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dalal2010p461-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same tradition is followed in <a href="/wiki/Kongu_Nadu" title="Kongu Nadu">Kongu Nadu</a> region on <a href="/wiki/Puthandu" title="Puthandu">Puthandu</a> day. </p><p>Traditionally, the vegetables, fruits, nuts, etc. that are included in <i>Vishukkani</i> are usually those that are home-grown - coconut, cucumber, mango, pineapple, jackfruit, betel-leaves, arecanut, etc. <i>Kanikonna</i> (Golden Showers) is one of the trees that is planted in the home-ground and community-grounds, and they blossom during the time of Vishu. It is also during the time of Vishu, that people lend their ears to the calls of <i>Vishupakshi</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vishu_Sadhya">Vishu Sadhya</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vishu&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Vishu Sadhya"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vishu_Sadya_2013_135212.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Vishu_Sadya_2013_135212.jpg/220px-Vishu_Sadya_2013_135212.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Vishu_Sadya_2013_135212.jpg/330px-Vishu_Sadya_2013_135212.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Vishu_Sadya_2013_135212.jpg/440px-Vishu_Sadya_2013_135212.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Vishu Sadhya served in 2013.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Sadhya" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadhya">Sadhya</a> (feast) is a major part of all Kerala festivals, special dishes called Vishu <i>Kanji</i>, Thoran and <i>Vishu katta</i> are also made. The Kanji is made of rice, coconut milk and spices. Vishu katta is a delicacy prepared from freshly harvested rice powder and coconut milk served with jaggery.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For Thoran, the side dish, there are also mandatory ingredients. Other important Vishu delicacies include <i>Veppampoorasam</i> (a bitter preparation of <a href="/wiki/Neem" class="mw-redirect" title="Neem">neem</a>) and <i>Mampazhappulissery</i> (a sour or ripe <a href="/wiki/Mango" title="Mango">mango</a> soup)<sup id="cite_ref-:4_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even temple offerings called <i>bewu bella</i>, include a mix of sweet jaggery, bitter neem, and other flavors.<sup id="cite_ref-Jagannathan2005p76_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jagannathan2005p76-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The mixing of sweet, salty, sour, bitter and astringent flavors for the new year Vishu meal is similar to the <i>pacchadi</i> food prepared on new year day such as <a href="/wiki/Ugadi" title="Ugadi">Ugadi</a> by Hindus in <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a>, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>. These traditional festive recipes, that combine different flavors, are a symbolic reminder that one must expect all flavors of experiences in the coming new year, that no event or episode is wholly sweet or bitter, experiences are transitory and ephemeral, and to make the most from them.<sup id="cite_ref-narayanan18_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narayanan18-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Padakkam">Padakkam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vishu&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Padakkam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crackers_vishu_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Crackers_vishu_2.jpg/250px-Crackers_vishu_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Crackers_vishu_2.jpg/330px-Crackers_vishu_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Crackers_vishu_2.jpg/500px-Crackers_vishu_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Vishu Padakkam</figcaption></figure> <p>The word 'Padakkam' in Malayalam means firecrackers. Firecrackers are burst during Vishu the same way north Indians burst firecrackers during Diwali.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Konna">Konna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vishu&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Konna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Konnamaram.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Konnamaram.JPG/170px-Konnamaram.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Konnamaram.JPG/255px-Konnamaram.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Konnamaram.JPG/340px-Konnamaram.JPG 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Cassia_fistula" title="Cassia fistula">Cassia fistula</a></i>, Golden Shower Tree</figcaption></figure> <p>Konna (<i><a href="/wiki/Cassia_fistula" title="Cassia fistula">Cassia fistula</a></i>), commonly known as golden shower is the flower of the Vishu festival. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_customs">Other customs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vishu&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other customs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kampithiri.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Kampithiri.JPG/170px-Kampithiri.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Kampithiri.JPG/255px-Kampithiri.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Kampithiri.JPG 2x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="390" /></a><figcaption>A child playing with fireworks on Vishu</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uruli_festive_arrangement_of_flowers,_Malayali_Hindus_in_Kerala.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Uruli_festive_arrangement_of_flowers%2C_Malayali_Hindus_in_Kerala.jpg/170px-Uruli_festive_arrangement_of_flowers%2C_Malayali_Hindus_in_Kerala.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Uruli_festive_arrangement_of_flowers%2C_Malayali_Hindus_in_Kerala.jpg/255px-Uruli_festive_arrangement_of_flowers%2C_Malayali_Hindus_in_Kerala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Uruli_festive_arrangement_of_flowers%2C_Malayali_Hindus_in_Kerala.jpg/340px-Uruli_festive_arrangement_of_flowers%2C_Malayali_Hindus_in_Kerala.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1347" data-file-height="1187" /></a><figcaption>Flower arrangement in Uruli during Vishu</figcaption></figure> <p>The tradition of buying of new clothes for the occasion of Vishu is called <i><b>Puthukodi </b></i>or<i> Vishukodi.</i> There is also a popular tradition of elders giving money to younger ones or dependents of the family. This is called <i>Vishukkaineetam</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another tradition is of giving alms and contributing to community charity.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Children enjoy setting off firecrackers.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Kaineettam</i> literally means 'extension of hand'. As seen in many Hindu expressions of good-will, charity and philanthropy, and sustenance of <a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">dharma</a>, the <i>kaineettam</i> usually ends with the numerical 1, indicating a new beginning, while also a continuation. For example, <i>Vishukkaineettam</i> is gifted in amounts such as Rs 11, Rs 21, Rs 51, 101, etc. In earlier times, many used to give the <i>kaineettam</i> of a rupee and a quarter, with the quarter being an indicator of growth in abundance and prosperity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pathamudayam">Pathamudayam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vishu&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Pathamudayam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pathamudayam is celebrated on the 10th day of Medam Month in Malayalam Era and 10th day after Vishu. According to the tradition, ‘Pathamudayam’ is the day when the sun is most powerful and astrological science support the believe. To symbolise the ten sunrises from Vishu, traditional oil lamps with 10 wicks are lit in every house.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Velayum_Kummaattiyum">Velayum Kummaattiyum</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vishu&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Velayum Kummaattiyum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A number of festivals are associated with Vishu - this includes <i>vishuvela</i>, <i>vishukummaatti</i>, etc. In some of the rural regions of <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>, the elders of the various castes and clans of that region ("<i>kaaranavar</i>") come together during the night of Vishu and engage in "<i>koorayidal</i>" - a ritual indicating the starting of a period of auspiciousness. This may extend for many weeks, till the culmination of the <i>vela</i>/ <i>kummaatti</i>. During this time, the members of these castes and clans engage in acts of nobility. Even those who consume non-vegetarian items and alcoholic drinks move themselves away from these. Acts of violence are forbidden in the 'desam' (region) during this time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_holidays">Related holidays</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vishu&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Related holidays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The date of Vishu coincides with that of festivals in other parts of India. <a href="/wiki/Vaisakhi" title="Vaisakhi">Vaisakhi</a>, celebrated by Hindus and Sikhs in north and central India, marks the solar new year, as does the Tamil New Year day called <a href="/wiki/Puthandu" title="Puthandu">Puthandu</a>. Likewise, <a href="/wiki/Bihu" title="Bihu">Bihu</a> is celebrated in Assam.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PechilisRaj2013p48_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PechilisRaj2013p48-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new year day is on or next to 14 April every year, and is also the new year for many Buddhist communities in parts of southeast Asia such as Myanmar and Cambodia, likely an influence of their shared culture in the 1st millennium CE.<sup id="cite_ref-PechilisRaj2013p48_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PechilisRaj2013p48-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bishu, a Nepali festival, is celebrated on Baisakh 1 of <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> 🇳🇵 calendar in Farwest Province of Nepal. It is the most important festival in that region.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>However, this is not the universal new year for all Hindus. For some, such as those in and near <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>, the new year festivities coincide with the five day <a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a> festival. For many others, the new year falls on <a href="/wiki/Ugadi" title="Ugadi">Ugadi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gudi_Padwa" title="Gudi Padwa">Gudi Padwa</a>, which falls a few weeks earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-PechilisRaj2013p48_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PechilisRaj2013p48-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vishu&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vishu" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Vishu">Vishu</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_New_Year%27s_days" title="Indian New Year's days">Indian New Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisu_Parba" title="Bisu Parba">Bisu Parba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudhi_Padwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Gudhi Padwa">Gudhi Padwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onam" title="Onam">Onam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihu" title="Bihu">Bihu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaisakhi" title="Vaisakhi">Vaisakhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pohela_Boishakh" title="Pohela Boishakh">Pohela Boishakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Puthandu" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil Puthandu">Tamil Puthandu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songkran" class="mw-redirect" title="Songkran">Songkran</a>, a Buddhist New Year festival around 14 April, celebrated in <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> etc.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugadi" title="Ugadi">Ugadi</a>, New year of many people of Karnataka, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vishu&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output 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.citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Vishu">"Vishu"</a>. <i>Britannica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Vishu&rft.btitle=Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FVishu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVishu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDalal2010" class="citation book cs1">Dalal, Roshen (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC&pg=PA135"><i>Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide</i></a>. Penguin Books. pp. <span class="nowrap">135–</span>137. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-341421-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-341421-6"><bdi>978-0-14-341421-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hinduism%3A+An+Alphabetical+Guide&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E135-%3C%2Fspan%3E137&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-14-341421-6&rft.aulast=Dalal&rft.aufirst=Roshen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDH0vmD8ghdMC%26pg%3DPA135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVishu" class="Z3988"></span><br /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mathr1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mathr1_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/kerala-celebrates-vishu-with-traditional-food-colourful-rituals-1.8481614">"Kerala celebrates Vishu with traditional food, colourful rituals"</a>. Mathrubhumi. 15 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kerala+celebrates+Vishu+with+traditional+food%2C+colourful+rituals&rft.pub=Mathrubhumi&rft.date=2023-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.mathrubhumi.com%2Fnews%2Fkerala%2Fkerala-celebrates-vishu-with-traditional-food-colourful-rituals-1.8481614&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVishu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mano1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mano1_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.onmanorama.com/food/features/2022/04/14/how-to-have-vishu-sadya-like-a-true-malayali.html">"How to have Vishu Sadya like a true Malayali"</a>. Malayala Manorama. 15 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+to+have+Vishu+Sadya+like+a+true+Malayali&rft.pub=Malayala+Manorama&rft.date=2023-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.onmanorama.com%2Ffood%2Ffeatures%2F2022%2F04%2F14%2Fhow-to-have-vishu-sadya-like-a-true-malayali.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVishu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mahe.gov.in/culture-heritage/">"Culture Heritage"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Culture+Heritage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmahe.gov.in%2Fculture-heritage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVishu" class="Z3988"></span><br />- <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mangaloretoday.com/main/Wish-you-all-a-Very-Happy-VISHU-and-a-Prosperous-New-Year.html">"Wish you all a Very Happy VISHU and a Prosperous New Year"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Wish+you+all+a+Very+Happy+VISHU+and+a+Prosperous+New+Year&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mangaloretoday.com%2Fmain%2FWish-you-all-a-Very-Happy-VISHU-and-a-Prosperous-New-Year.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVishu" class="Z3988"></span><br />- <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCrump2014" class="citation book cs1">Crump, William D. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cDTfCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA116"><i>Encyclopedia of New Year's Holidays Worldwide</i></a>. McFarland. p. 116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-9545-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-9545-0"><bdi>978-0-7864-9545-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+New+Year%27s+Holidays+Worldwide&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-9545-0&rft.aulast=Crump&rft.aufirst=William+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcDTfCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVishu" class="Z3988"></span><br />- <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoy2005" class="citation book cs1">Roy, Christian (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IKqOUfqt4cIC&pg=PA479"><i>Traditional Festivals: A Multicultural Encyclopedia</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. pp. <span class="nowrap">479–</span>481. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-089-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-089-5"><bdi>978-1-57607-089-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Traditional+Festivals%3A+A+Multicultural+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E479-%3C%2Fspan%3E481&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-089-5&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIKqOUfqt4cIC%26pg%3DPA479&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVishu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vishugok-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vishugok_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vishugok_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vishugok_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vishugok_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223210806/https://kerala.gov.in/major-festivals">"Major festivals"</a>. Government of Kerala. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kerala.gov.in/major-festivals">the original</a> on 23 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Major+festivals&rft.pub=Government+of+Kerala&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkerala.gov.in%2Fmajor-festivals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVishu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSingh2002" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Kumar Suresh (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fRQwAQAAIAAJ"><i>People of India, Volume 27, Part 1</i></a>. Anthropological Survey of India. p. 479. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-85938-99-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-85938-99-8"><bdi>978-81-85938-99-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=People+of+India%2C+Volume+27%2C+Part+1&rft.pages=479&rft.pub=Anthropological+Survey+of+India&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-81-85938-99-8&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Kumar+Suresh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfRQwAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVishu" class="Z3988"></span><br />- <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMelton2011" class="citation book cs1">Melton, J. Gordon (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lD_2J7W_2hQC&pg=PA633"><i>Religious Celebrations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 633. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-206-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-206-7"><bdi>978-1-59884-206-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religious+Celebrations%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Holidays%2C+Festivals%2C+Solemn+Observances%2C+and+Spiritual+Commemorations&rft.pages=633&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-59884-206-7&rft.aulast=Melton&rft.aufirst=J.+Gordon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlD_2J7W_2hQC%26pg%3DPA633&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVishu" class="Z3988"></span><br />- <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aghr.cag.gov.in/holidays.pdf">"2017 Official Central Government Holiday Calendar"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Government of India<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2017+Official+Central+Government+Holiday+Calendar&rft.pub=Government+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faghr.cag.gov.in%2Fholidays.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVishu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Indian Journal on History of Sciences 1996, pg 94</i>. <i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150527163650/http://www.new1.dli.ernet.in/data1/upload/insa/INSA_1/20005b5f_93.pdf">"Kollam Era"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.new1.dli.ernet.in/data1/upload/insa/INSA_1/20005b5f_93.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 27 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kollam+Era&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.new1.dli.ernet.in%2Fdata1%2Fupload%2Finsa%2FINSA_1%2F20005b5f_93.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVishu" class="Z3988"></span></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://laotiantimes.com/2019/04/14/dok-khoun-pimai-lao-new-year-cassia/">"Blooms, Boun & Dok Khoun: New Year's Golden Shower for Pimai Lao"</a>. 14 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blooms%2C+Boun+%26+Dok+Khoun%3A+New+Year%27s+Golden+Shower+for+Pimai+Lao&rft.date=2019-04-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flaotiantimes.com%2F2019%2F04%2F14%2Fdok-khoun-pimai-lao-new-year-cassia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVishu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.holidify.com/pages/new-year-in-india-celebration-3553.html">"9 New Years and Harvest Festivals Celebrated In India"</a>. <i>www.holidify.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.holidify.com&rft.atitle=9+New+Years+and+Harvest+Festivals+Celebrated+In+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.holidify.com%2Fpages%2Fnew-year-in-india-celebration-3553.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVishu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jagannathan2005p76-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jagannathan2005p76_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jagannathan2005p76_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jagannathan2005p76_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jagannathan2005p76_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jagannathan2005p76_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJagannathan2005" class="citation book cs1">Jagannathan, Maithily (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xcIrkKUJH9QC"><i>South Indian State Festivals and Traditions</i></a>. Abhinav Publications. pp. <span class="nowrap">76–</span>77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7017-415-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7017-415-8"><bdi>978-81-7017-415-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=South+Indian+State+Festivals+and+Traditions&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E76-%3C%2Fspan%3E77&rft.pub=Abhinav+Publications&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-81-7017-415-8&rft.aulast=Jagannathan&rft.aufirst=Maithily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxcIrkKUJH9QC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVishu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_12-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAnitha_C._S.2011" class="citation news cs1">Anitha C. S. (14 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/when-the-laburnum-blooms/article1696077.ece">"When the Laburnum blooms"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=When+the+Laburnum+blooms&rft.date=2011-04-14&rft.au=Anitha+C.+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ffeatures%2Fmetroplus%2Fwhen-the-laburnum-blooms%2Farticle1696077.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVishu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/city-celebrates-vishu/article399057.ece">"City celebrates Vishu"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 16 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=City+celebrates+Vishu&rft.date=2010-04-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fcities%2FThiruvananthapuram%2Fcity-celebrates-vishu%2Farticle399057.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVishu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spokensanskrit.org/index.php?mode=3&script=hk&tran_input=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5&direct=au&anz=100">"Sanskrit Dictionary for Spoken Sanskrit"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sanskrit+Dictionary+for+Spoken+Sanskrit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspokensanskrit.org%2Findex.php%3Fmode%3D3%26script%3Dhk%26tran_input%3D%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B7%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%25B5%26direct%3Dau%26anz%3D100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVishu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dalal2010p461-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dalal2010p461_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dalal2010p461_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDalal2010" class="citation book cs1">Dalal, Roshen (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC&pg=PA461"><i>indianism: An Alphabetical Guide</i></a>. Penguin Books. p. 461. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-341421-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-341421-6"><bdi>978-0-14-341421-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=indianism%3A+An+Alphabetical+Guide&rft.pages=461&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-14-341421-6&rft.aulast=Dalal&rft.aufirst=Roshen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDH0vmD8ghdMC%26pg%3DPA461&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVishu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:4_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/vishu-delicacies/article302986.ece">"Vishu delicacies"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 9 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Vishu+delicacies&rft.date=2009-04-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ftodays-paper%2Ftp-national%2Ftp-kerala%2Fvishu-delicacies%2Farticle302986.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVishu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-narayanan18-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-narayanan18_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNarayanan1999" class="citation journal cs1">Narayanan, Vasudha (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1205&context=jhcs">"Y51K and Still Counting: Some Hindu Views of Time"</a>. <i>Journal of Hindu-Christian Studies</i>. <b>12</b> (1). Butler University: <span class="nowrap">17–</span>18. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7825%2F2164-6279.1205">10.7825/2164-6279.1205</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hindu-Christian+Studies&rft.atitle=Y51K+and+Still+Counting%3A+Some+Hindu+Views+of+Time&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E17-%3C%2Fspan%3E18&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7825%2F2164-6279.1205&rft.aulast=Narayanan&rft.aufirst=Vasudha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.butler.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1205%26context%3Djhcs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVishu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/fyi/story/vishu-2017-april-14-kerala-festival-history-legends-practices-971219-2017-04-13">"Vishu 2017: History, legends, practices and all you need to know"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Vishu+2017%3A+History%2C+legends%2C+practices+and+all+you+need+to+know&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatoday.in%2Ffyi%2Fstory%2Fvishu-2017-april-14-kerala-festival-history-legends-practices-971219-2017-04-13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVishu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoy2005" class="citation book cs1">Roy, Christian (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IKqOUfqt4cIC&pg=PA479"><i>Traditional Festivals: A Multicultural Encyclopedia</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. pp. <span class="nowrap">479–</span>480. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-089-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-089-5"><bdi>978-1-57607-089-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Traditional+Festivals%3A+A+Multicultural+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E479-%3C%2Fspan%3E480&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-089-5&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIKqOUfqt4cIC%26pg%3DPA479&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVishu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2013/apr/24/pathamudayam-celebrated-470999.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Pathamudayam' celebrated"</a>. <i>The New Indian Express</i>. 24 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=%27Pathamudayam%27+celebrated&rft.date=2013-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newindianexpress.com%2Fcities%2Fkochi%2F2013%2Fapr%2F24%2Fpathamudayam-celebrated-470999.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVishu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVishaal_Lau" class="citation web cs1">Vishaal Lau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/hinduism/holydays/vaisakhi.shtml">"Religion: Vaisakhi"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Religion%3A+Vaisakhi&rft.au=Vishaal+Lau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Freligion%2Freligions%2Fhinduism%2Fholydays%2Fvaisakhi.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVishu" class="Z3988"></span><br />- Crump, William D. (2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cDTfCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA114">Encyclopedia of New Year's Holidays Worldwide</a>, MacFarland, page 114</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PechilisRaj2013p48-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PechilisRaj2013p48_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PechilisRaj2013p48_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PechilisRaj2013p48_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPechilisRaj2013" class="citation book cs1">Pechilis, Karen; Raj, Selva J. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kaubzRxh-U0C&pg=PA48"><i>South Asian Religions: Tradition and Today</i></a>. Routledge. pp. <span class="nowrap">48–</span>49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-44851-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-44851-2"><bdi>978-0-415-44851-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=South+Asian+Religions%3A+Tradition+and+Today&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E48-%3C%2Fspan%3E49&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-415-44851-2&rft.aulast=Pechilis&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft.au=Raj%2C+Selva+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkaubzRxh-U0C%26pg%3DPA48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVishu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="mw-redirect" title="Kerala Lalitakala Academy">Kerala Lalitakala Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Sangeetha_Nataka_Akademi" title="Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi">Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Folklore_Academy" title="Kerala Folklore Academy">Kerala Folklore Academy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Performing arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chakyar_Koothu" class="mw-redirect" title="Chakyar Koothu">Chakyar Koothu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathakali" title="Kathakali">Kathakali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Natanam" title="Kerala Natanam">Kerala Natanam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koodiyattam" title="Koodiyattam">Koodiyattam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohiniyattam" title="Mohiniyattam">Mohiniyattam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nangiar_Koothu" class="mw-redirect" title="Nangiar Koothu">Nangiar Koothu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottamthullal" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottamthullal">Ottamthullal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parayan_thullal" class="mw-redirect" title="Parayan thullal">Parayan thullal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheethankan_Thullal" title="Sheethankan Thullal">Sheethankan Thullal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kshetram_vadyam" title="Kshetram vadyam">Kshetram vadyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuzhal_Pattu" title="Kuzhal Pattu">Kuzhal Pattu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mappila_Paattu" class="mw-redirect" title="Mappila Paattu">Mappila Paattu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchari_melam" title="Panchari melam">Panchari melam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchavadyam" title="Panchavadyam">Panchavadyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandi_Melam" title="Pandi Melam">Pandi Melam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parisha_Vadyam" title="Parisha Vadyam">Parisha Vadyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulluvan_Paattu" title="Pulluvan Paattu">Pulluvan Paattu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopanam" class="mw-redirect" title="Sopanam">Sopanam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thayambaka" title="Thayambaka">Thayambaka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Folk arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aravana" class="mw-redirect" title="Aravana">Arabana muttu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charadupinnikkali" title="Charadupinnikkali">Charadupinnikkali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chavittu_Nadakam" title="Chavittu Nadakam">Chavittu Nadakam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chozhikali" title="Chozhikali">Chozhikali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duff_Muttu" class="mw-redirect" title="Duff Muttu">Duff Muttu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eruthukali" title="Eruthukali">Eruthukali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadhika" title="Gadhika">Gadhika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garudan_Thookkam" title="Garudan Thookkam">Garudan Thookkam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolam_Thullal" title="Kolam Thullal">Kolam Thullal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolkali" title="Kolkali">Kolkali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kothammuriyattam" title="Kothammuriyattam">Kothammuriyattam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kummattikali" title="Kummattikali">Kummattikali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuthiyottam" title="Kuthiyottam">Kuthiyottam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malapulayattam" title="Malapulayattam">Malapulayattam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malavazhiyattam" title="Malavazhiyattam">Malavazhiyattam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayikuthu" title="Malayikuthu">Malayikuthu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangalamkali" title="Mangalamkali">Mangalamkali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathukali" class="mw-redirect" title="Marathukali">Marathukali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margam_Kali" class="mw-redirect" title="Margam Kali">Margam Kali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudiyett" title="Mudiyett">Mudiyett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayadikali" title="Nayadikali">Nayadikali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppana" title="Oppana">Oppana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padayani" title="Padayani">Padayani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parichamuttukali" title="Parichamuttukali">Parichamuttukali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poorakkali" title="Poorakkali">Poorakkali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poothan" class="mw-redirect" title="Poothan">Poothan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poothamkali" title="Poothamkali">Poothamkali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarpam_Thullal" title="Sarpam Thullal">Sarpam Thullal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slama_Carol" title="Slama Carol">Slamakali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thacholikali" title="Thacholikali">Thacholikali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theyyam" title="Theyyam">Theyyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theyyannam" title="Theyyannam">Theyyannam</a></li> <li>Thiriyuzhichil</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiyyattu" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiyyattu">Thiyyattu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tholpavakoothu" title="Tholpavakoothu">Tholpavakoothu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fine arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_mural_painting" title="Kerala mural painting">Kerala mural painting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Festivals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aanayoottu" title="Aanayoottu">Aanayoottu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaraattu" title="Aaraattu">Aaraattu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluva_Sivarathri_festival" title="Aluva Sivarathri festival">Aluva Sivarathri festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arattupuzha_Pooram" title="Arattupuzha Pooram">Arattupuzha Pooram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edakkunni_Uthram_Vilakku" title="Edakkunni Uthram Vilakku">Edakkunni Uthram Vilakku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandharvanpattu" title="Gandharvanpattu">Gandharvanpattu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilanjithara_Melam" title="Ilanjithara Melam">Ilanjithara Melam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadavallur_Anyonyam" title="Kadavallur Anyonyam">Kadavallur Anyonyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanyarkali" title="Kanyarkali">Kanyarkali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karivela" title="Karivela">Karivela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keralotsavam" title="Keralotsavam">Keralotsavam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam_Pooram" title="Kollam Pooram">Kollam Pooram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottakkal_pooram" title="Kottakkal pooram">Kottakkal pooram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottankulangara_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Kottankulangara Festival">Kottankulangara Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machad_Mamangam" title="Machad Mamangam">Machad Mamangam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makaravilakku" title="Makaravilakku">Makaravilakku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalukulangara_Pooram" title="Nalukulangara Pooram">Nalukulangara Pooram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalpathi_Ratholsavam" title="Kalpathi Ratholsavam">Kalpathi Ratholsavam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nenmara_Vallanghy_Vela" title="Nenmara Vallanghy Vela">Nenmara Vallanghy Vela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onam" title="Onam">Onam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onathallu_or_Avittathallu" class="mw-redirect" title="Onathallu or Avittathallu">Onathallu or Avittathallu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvanam_Pooram" title="Peruvanam Pooram">Peruvanam Pooram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puli_Kali" title="Puli Kali">Puli Kali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tattamangalam_Kuthira_Vela" title="Tattamangalam Kuthira Vela">Tattamangalam Kuthira Vela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirumandhamkunnu_Pooram" title="Thirumandhamkunnu Pooram">Thirumandhamkunnu Pooram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvathira" title="Thiruvathira">Thiruvathira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrissur_Pooram" title="Thrissur Pooram">Thrissur Pooram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uthralikavu_Pooram" title="Uthralikavu Pooram">Uthralikavu Pooram</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vishu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Martial arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalaripayattu" title="Kalaripayattu">Kalaripayattu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velakali" title="Velakali">Velakali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musical instruments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Year_by_Calendar" title="Template:New Year by Calendar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Year_by_Calendar" title="Template talk:New Year by Calendar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Year_by_Calendar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Year by Calendar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_Year_by_calendar67" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Year" title="New Year">New Year</a> by <a href="/wiki/Calendar" title="Calendar">calendar</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enkutatash" title="Enkutatash">Enkutatash</a> (Ethiopian, Eritrean)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fandroana" title="Fandroana">Fandroana</a> (Malagasy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_New_Year" title="Islamic New Year">Islamic New Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayrouz" title="Nayrouz">Nayrouz</a> (Coptic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yennayer" title="Yennayer">Yennayer</a> (Berber)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_New_Year" title="Aztec New Year">Yancuic Xīhuitl</a> (Aztec)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quviasukvik" title="Quviasukvik">Quviasukvik</a> (Inuit)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobiyee" title="Hobiyee">Hobiyee</a> (Nisg̱a'a)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inti_Raymi" title="Inti Raymi">Inti Raymi</a> (Incan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willkakuti" title="Willkakuti">Willkakuti</a> (Aymara)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Tripantu" title="We Tripantu">We Tripantu</a> (Mapuche)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Year" title="Chinese New Year">Chinese New Year</a> (Chinese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_New_Year" title="Japanese New Year">Shōgatsu</a> (Japanese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_New_Year" title="Korean New Year">Seollal</a> (Korean)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_New_Year" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese New Year">Kuè-nî</a> (Taiwanese)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tsagaan_Sar" title="Tsagaan Sar">Tsagaan Sar</a> (Mongolian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Losar" title="Losar">Losar</a> (Tibetan)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thingyan" title="Thingyan">Thingyan</a> (Burmese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_New_Year" title="Cambodian New Year">Choul Chnam Thmey</a> (Cambodian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_New_Year" title="Lao New Year">Pi Mai</a> (Lao)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songkran_(Thailand)" title="Songkran (Thailand)">Songkran</a> (Thai)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water-Splashing_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Water-Splashing Festival">Water-Splashing Festival</a> (Dai)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyepi" title="Nyepi">Nyepi</a> (Balinese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satu_Suro" title="Satu Suro">Satu Suro</a> (Javanese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%BFt" title="Tết">Tết</a> (Vietnamese)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nauruz_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nauruz in Afghanistan">Nauruz</a> (Afghan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaisakhi" title="Vaisakhi">Vaisakhi</a> (North & Central India (Solar), Nepali)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navaratri#Chaitra_Navaratri" title="Navaratri">Chaitra Navaratri</a> (North & Central India (Lunar))</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navreh" title="Navreh">Navreh</a> (Kashmiri)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheti_Chand" title="Cheti Chand">Cheti Chand</a> (Sindhi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balipratipada" title="Balipratipada">Balipratipada</a> (Gujarati, Rajasthani)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohag_Bihu" title="Bohag Bihu">Bohag Bihu</a> (Assamese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahela_Baishakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Pahela Baishakh">Pahela Baishakh</a> (Bengali)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pana_Sankranti" title="Pana Sankranti">Pana Sankranti</a> (Odia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jur_Sital" title="Jur Sital">Jur Sital</a> (Maithili)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mha_Puja" title="Mha Puja">Mha Puja</a> (Newari)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Losoong_Festival" title="Losoong Festival">Losoong</a> (Sikkimese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Losar" title="Losar">Losar</a> (Ladakhi, Monpa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyalpo_Lhosar" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyalpo Lhosar">Gyalpo Lhosar</a> (Sherpa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamu_Lhosar" title="Tamu Lhosar">Tamu Lhosar</a> (Gurung)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonam_Lhosar" title="Sonam Lhosar">Sonam Lhosar</a> (Tamang)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makar_Sankranti" title="Makar Sankranti">Maghe Sankranti</a> (Rai, Tharu, Magar)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bwisagu" title="Bwisagu">Bwisagu</a> (Bodo)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajibu_Nongma_Panba" title="Sajibu Nongma Panba">Sajibu Cheiraoba</a> (Meitei)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buisu" title="Buisu">Buisu</a> (Tripuri)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangken" title="Sangken">Sangken</a> (Tai)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bizhu" title="Bizhu">Bizhu</a> (Chakma)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudi_Padwa" title="Gudi Padwa">Gudi Padwa</a> (Marathi, Konkani)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugadi" title="Ugadi">Ugadi</a> (Telugu, Kannada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisu_Parba" title="Bisu Parba">Bisu Parba</a> (Tulu)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puthandu" title="Puthandu">Puthandu</a> (Tamil)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vishu</a> (Malayali)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_New_Year" title="Sinhalese New Year">Aluth Avurudda</a> (Sinhala)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West<br />and Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_New_Year" title="Islamic New Year">Islamic New Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kha_b-Nisan" title="Kha b-Nisan">Kha b-Nisan</a> (Assyrian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navruz_in_Uzbekistan" title="Navruz in Uzbekistan">Navruz</a> (Uzbek)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Naw-R%C3%BAz" title="Baháʼí Naw-Rúz">Naw-Rúz</a> (Baháʼí)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newroz_as_celebrated_by_Kurds" title="Newroz as celebrated by Kurds">Newroz</a> (Kurd)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazidi_New_Year" title="Yazidi New Year">Yazidi New Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novruz_in_Azerbaijan" title="Novruz in Azerbaijan">Novruz</a> (Azeri)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowruz" title="Nowruz">Nowruz</a> (Iranian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowruz_Eve_among_Mazandarani_people" title="Nowruz Eve among Mazandarani people">Nowruz</a> (Mazandarani)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosh_Hashanah" title="Rosh Hashanah">Rosh Hashanah</a> (Hebrew)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehwa_Rabba" title="Dehwa Rabba">Dehwa Rabba</a> (Mandaean)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogbon" title="Nogbon">Nogbon</a> (Ossetian)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yhyakh" title="Yhyakh">Yhyakh</a> (Sakha)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day" title="New Year's Day">New Year's Day</a> (Gregorian, Julian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_New_Year" title="Old New Year">Old New Year</a> (traditional Julian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Day#Non-religious_significance" title="Lady Day">Lady Day</a> (England, historical)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Makahiki" title="Makahiki">Makahiki</a> (Hawaii)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matariki" title="Matariki">Matariki</a> (Māori)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See Also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_New_Year" title="Lunar New Year">Lunar New Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_New_Year" title="Solar New Year">Solar New Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_and_Southeast_Asian_solar_New_Year" title="South and Southeast Asian solar New Year">South and Southeast Asian solar New Year</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mesha_Sankranti" title="Mesha Sankranti">Mesha Sankranti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songkran" class="mw-redirect" title="Songkran">Songkran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_New_Year%27s_days" title="Indian New Year's days">Indian New Year's days</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vishu&oldid=1281902275">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vishu&oldid=1281902275</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Festivals_in_Kerala" title="Category:Festivals in Kerala">Festivals in Kerala</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:New_Year_in_India" title="Category:New Year in India">New Year in India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:April_observances" title="Category:April observances">April observances</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:New_Year_celebrations" title="Category:New Year celebrations">New Year celebrations</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_July_2019" title="Category:Use dmy dates from July 2019">Use dmy dates from July 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_Indian_English_from_July_2019" title="Category:Use Indian English from July 2019">Use Indian English from July 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Indian_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Indian 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