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</a> <ul id="toc-Etymology_and_pronunciation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hinduism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hinduism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Hinduism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hinduism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Hinduism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hinduism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Haridwar,_Uttarakhand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Haridwar,_Uttarakhand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Haridwar, Uttarakhand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Haridwar,_Uttarakhand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Punjab" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Punjab"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Punjab</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Punjab-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jammu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jammu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Jammu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jammu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Himachal_Pradesh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Himachal_Pradesh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Himachal Pradesh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Himachal_Pradesh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Haryana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Haryana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Haryana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Haryana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uttar_Pradesh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uttar_Pradesh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Uttar Pradesh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uttar_Pradesh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_Regional_Hindu_Solar_New_Years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_Regional_Hindu_Solar_New_Years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Other Regional Hindu Solar New Years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_Regional_Hindu_Solar_New_Years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vishu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vishu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7.1</span> <span>Vishu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vishu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bohag_Bihu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bohag_Bihu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7.2</span> <span>Bohag Bihu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bohag_Bihu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maha_Vishuba_Sankranti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maha_Vishuba_Sankranti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7.3</span> <span>Maha Vishuba Sankranti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maha_Vishuba_Sankranti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poyla_Boishakh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poyla_Boishakh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7.4</span> <span>Poyla Boishakh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poyla_Boishakh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Puthandu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Puthandu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7.5</span> <span>Puthandu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Puthandu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jur_Sital_in_Bihar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jur_Sital_in_Bihar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7.6</span> <span>Jur Sital in Bihar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jur_Sital_in_Bihar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hindu_celebrations_elsewhere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hindu_celebrations_elsewhere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Hindu celebrations elsewhere</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hindu_celebrations_elsewhere-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Hindu celebrations elsewhere subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hindu_celebrations_elsewhere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pakistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pakistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Pakistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pakistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nepal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nepal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Nepal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nepal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sikhism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sikhism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Sikhism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sikhism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sikhism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sikhism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Punjab_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Punjab_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Punjab</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Punjab_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Himachal_Pradesh_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Himachal_Pradesh_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Himachal Pradesh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Himachal_Pradesh_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jammu_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jammu_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Jammu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jammu_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kashmir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kashmir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Kashmir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kashmir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nihang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nihang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Nihang</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nihang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sikh_celebrations_outside_India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sikh_celebrations_outside_India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sikh celebrations outside India</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sikh_celebrations_outside_India-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sikh celebrations outside India subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sikh_celebrations_outside_India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pakistan_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pakistan_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Pakistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pakistan_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-British_Columbia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_Columbia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>British Columbia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_Columbia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ontario" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ontario"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.2</span> <span>Ontario</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ontario-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prairies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prairies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.3</span> <span>Prairies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prairies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atlantic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atlantic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.4</span> <span>Atlantic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atlantic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malaysia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malaysia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Malaysia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malaysia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buddhism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buddhism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Buddhism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buddhism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_a_harvest_festival" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_a_harvest_festival"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>As a harvest festival</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_a_harvest_festival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Vaisakhi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%8A" title="فيساكي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيساكي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%80" title="বৈশাখী – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বৈশাখী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%80" title="বৈশাখী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বৈশাখী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaisakhi" title="Vaisakhi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vaisakhi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaisakhi" title="Vaisakhi – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vaisakhi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AE%DB%8C" title="وایساخی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وایساخی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baisakhi" title="Baisakhi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Baisakhi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%80" title="बैसाखी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बैसाखी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visakhi" title="Visakhi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Visakhi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%99" title="באיסאקי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="באיסאקי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%96%E0%B2%BF" title="ಬೈಸಾಖಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬೈಸಾಖಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%AE%DB%AA%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%A9%DA%BE%DB%8C" title="وٮ۪ساکھی – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="وٮ۪ساکھی" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BF" title="വൈശാഖി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വൈശാഖി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%80" title="बैसाखी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बैसाखी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaisakhi" title="Vaisakhi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Vaisakhi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5" title="बिसु पर्व – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बिसु पर्व" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baisaki" title="Baisaki – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Baisaki" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baisakhi" title="Baisakhi – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Baisakhi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%88%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%96%E0%AD%80" title="ବୈସାଖୀ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ବୈସାଖୀ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%80" title="ਵਿਸਾਖੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿਸਾਖੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%A9%DA%BE%DB%8C" title="وساکھی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="وساکھی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baisakhi" title="Baisakhi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Baisakhi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaisakhi" title="Vaisakhi – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vaisakhi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Вайсакхи – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вайсакхи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaisakhi" title="Vaisakhi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vaisakhi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baisaki" title="Baisaki – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Baisaki" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF" title="வைசாக்கி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வைசாக்கி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Religious festival in Sikhism and Hinduism</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Sikh festival. For the Buddhist festival, see <a href="/wiki/Vesak" title="Vesak">Vesak</a>. For the disciple of Buddha, see <a href="/wiki/Visakha" title="Visakha">Visakha</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above hd" style="background-color: transparent">Vaisakhi</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Handsworth_Vaisakhi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Handsworth_Vaisakhi.jpg/250px-Handsworth_Vaisakhi.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Handsworth_Vaisakhi.jpg/500px-Handsworth_Vaisakhi.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="993" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="caption">Sikh procession in <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Vaisakhi</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Also called</th><td class="infobox-data">Baisakhi, Vaisakha Jayanti</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Observed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikhs</a><sup id="cite_ref-PechilisRaj2013p48_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PechilisRaj2013p48-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Religious and harvest festival<sup id="cite_ref-Baisakhi_Festival_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baisakhi_Festival-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Significance</th><td class="infobox-data summary">Solar new year,<sup id="cite_ref-Gupta2006p998_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gupta2006p998-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbcv2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcv2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ColeSambhi1995p63_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ColeSambhi1995p63-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nepal_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nepal-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> harvest festival, birth of the <a href="/wiki/Khalsa" title="Khalsa">Khalsa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Celebrations</th><td class="infobox-data">Fairs, processions and temple decorations</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Observances</th><td class="infobox-data">Religious gatherings and practices</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Begins</th><td class="infobox-data">1 Vaisakh (13 April)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ends</th><td class="infobox-data">2 Vaisakh (14 April)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">13 or 14 April<sup id="cite_ref-Baisakhi_Festival_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baisakhi_Festival-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">2024 date</th><td class="infobox-data">Saturday, 13 April<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Related to</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/South_and_Southeast_Asian_solar_New_Year" title="South and Southeast Asian solar New Year">South and Southeast Asian solar New Year</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Vaisakhi</b>, also known as <b>Baisakhi</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> marks the first day of the month of <a href="/wiki/Vaisakh" title="Vaisakh">Vaisakh</a> and is traditionally celebrated annually on 13 April and sometimes 14 April.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gupta2006p998_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gupta2006p998-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is seen as a spring harvest celebration primarily in <a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a> and Northern India.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Singh1998_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singh1998-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PechilisRaj2013p48_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PechilisRaj2013p48-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whilst it is culturally significant as a festival of harvest, in many parts of India, Vaisakhi is also the date for the Indian Solar New Year. But to sikhs this is not the new year as first of Chet month is celebrated as new year according to Nanakshahi calendar.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For Sikhs, in addition to its significance as the harvest festival,<sup id="cite_ref-bbcv2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcv2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during which Sikhs hold <a href="/wiki/Kirtan" title="Kirtan">kirtans</a>, visit local gurdwaras, community fairs, hold <i>nagar kirtan</i> processions, raise the <a href="/wiki/Nishan_Sahib" title="Nishan Sahib">Nishan Sahib</a> flag, and gather to socialize and share festive foods,<sup id="cite_ref-Gupta2006p998_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gupta2006p998-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bakshi208_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bakshi208-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LeeNadeau2011p1012_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LeeNadeau2011p1012-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vaisakhi observes major events in the history of Sikhism and the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a> that happened in the <a href="/wiki/Punjab_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab region">Punjab region</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bakshi208_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bakshi208-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vaisakhi as a major Sikh festival marks the birth of the <a href="/wiki/Khalsa" title="Khalsa">Khalsa</a> order by <a href="/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="Guru Gobind Singh">Guru Gobind Singh</a>, the tenth Guru of Sikhism, on 13 April 1699.<sup id="cite_ref-Seiple_2013_96_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seiple_2013_96-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SinghFenech2014p236_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SinghFenech2014p236-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Harkirat_S._Hansra_2007_28–29_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harkirat_S._Hansra_2007_28–29-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, <a href="/wiki/Ranjit_Singh" title="Ranjit Singh">Ranjit Singh</a> was proclaimed as <a href="/wiki/Maharaja" title="Maharaja">Maharaja</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a> on 12 April 1801 (to coincide with Vaisakhi), creating a unified political state.<sup id="cite_ref-eosranjit_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eosranjit-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vaisakhi was also the day when <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Army" title="British Indian Army">British Indian Army</a> officer <a href="/wiki/Reginald_Dyer" title="Reginald Dyer">Reginald Dyer</a> ordered his troops to shoot into a protesting crowd in Amritsar, an event which would come to be known the <a href="/wiki/Jallianwala_Bagh_massacre" title="Jallianwala Bagh massacre">Jallianwala Bagh massacre</a>; the massacre proved influential to the history of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bakshi208_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bakshi208-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This holiday is observed by Hindus and is known by various regional names in other parts of India. For many Hindu communities, the festival is an occasion to ritually bathe in sacred rivers such as Ganges, Jhelum, and Kaveri, visit temples, meet friends, take part in other festivities, and perform a mandatory <i><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na" title="Dāna">daan</a></i> (charity) especially of hand fans, water pitchers and seasonal fruits. Community fairs are held at Hindu pilgrimage sites. In many areas, processions of temple deities are taken out. The holiday also marks the worship and propitiation of various deities, such as Durga in Himachal Pradesh, Surya in Bihar, and Vishnu in southern India.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Vaisakhi began as a grain harvest festival for Hindus and its observance predates the creation of Sikhism, it gained historical association with the Sikhs following the inauguration of the Khalsa.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Date">Date</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisakhi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Date"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vaisakhi is observed on the 13 or 14 April every year in the 21st century. However, in 1801 AD, it fell on 11 April.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is because the date of Vaisakhi and other <a href="/wiki/Sankranti" title="Sankranti">Sankrantis</a> keeps changing slowly over years. Vaisakhi would fall on 29 April in Year 2999.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The festival coincides with other new year festivals celebrated on the first day of Vaisakh in other regions of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Subcontinent" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Subcontinent">Indian Subcontinent</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Puthandu" title="Puthandu">Puthandu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pohela_Boishakh" title="Pohela Boishakh">Pohela Boishakh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bohag_Bihu" title="Bohag Bihu">Bohag Bihu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vishu" title="Vishu">Vishu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PechilisRaj2013p48_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PechilisRaj2013p48-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_pronunciation">Etymology and pronunciation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisakhi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Etymology and pronunciation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word Vaisakhi or Baisakhi is an <a href="/wiki/Apabhra%E1%B9%83%C5%9Ba" title="Apabhraṃśa">Apabhraṃśa</a> form evolved from the word Vaishākhī (वैशाखी), derived from the name of the Indian month of <a href="/wiki/Vaisakha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaisakha">Vaishakha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is no distinction between sounds 'sha' (श) & 'sa' (स)<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and between 'va' (व) & 'ba' (ब) in <a href="/wiki/Prakrit" title="Prakrit">Prakrit</a> & <a href="/wiki/Apabhra%E1%B9%83%C5%9Ba" title="Apabhraṃśa">Apbhramsa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hence the name, Vaisakhi or Baisakhi. Vaisakhi which is observed on <a href="/wiki/Sankranti" title="Sankranti">Sankranti</a> of Vaisakh (<a href="/wiki/Vaisakha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaisakha">Vaishakh</a>) month literally means 'related to Vaisakh month', which in turn is derived from the name of a <a href="/wiki/Nakshatra" title="Nakshatra">Nakshatra</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Vish%C4%81kh%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishākhā">Vishakha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Punjab region, the word <i>Vaisakhi</i> is common, but in the Dogra regions, and the <a href="/wiki/Doabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doabi">Doabi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malwai_dialect" title="Malwai dialect">Malwai</a> dialects of Punjab, speakers often substitute a <i>B</i> for a <i>V</i>, so it is known as Baisakhi or Basakhi; also people in Jammu call it Basoa.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hinduism">Hinduism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisakhi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Hinduism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border-collapse:collapse; text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Hinduism" title="Category:Hinduism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding:0.2em;background:#FFC569;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/1_Om.svg/120px-1_Om.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/1_Om.svg/250px-1_Om.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above hlist" style="padding-bottom:0.35em; border:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Mythology</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hinduism" title="History of Hinduism">Origins</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"><b>Historical</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hinduism" title="History of Hinduism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_of_the_Indus_Valley_Civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion of the Indus Valley Civilization">Indus Valley Civilisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedic Hinduism">Vedic Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_folk_religion" title="Dravidian folk religion">Dravidian folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Arama%E1%B9%87a" title="Śramaṇa">Śramaṇa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribal_religions_in_India" title="Tribal religions in India">Tribal religions in India</a></li></ul> <p><b>Traditional</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Itihasa-Purana" title="Itihasa-Purana">Itihasa-Purana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic-Puranic_royal_genealogies" title="Epic-Puranic royal genealogies">Epic-Puranic royal genealogies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic-Puranic_chronology" title="Epic-Puranic chronology">Epic-Puranic chronology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Sampradaya" title="Sampradaya">Sampradaya (Traditions)</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Major Sampradaya (Traditions)</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pancharatra" title="Pancharatra">Pancharatra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaivism" title="Shaivism">Shaivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapalika" title="Kapalika">Kapalika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashupata_Shaivism" title="Pashupata Shaivism">Pashupata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratyabhijna" title="Pratyabhijna">Pratyabhijña</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaktism" title="Shaktism">Shaktism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smarta_tradition" title="Smarta tradition">Smartism</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><i><a href="/wiki/Hindu_denominations" title="Hindu denominations">Other Sampradaya (Traditions)</a></i></div></dt></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_deities" title="Hindu deities">Deities</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Absolute Reality / Unifying Force</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Trimurti" title="Trimurti">Trimurti</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Tridevi" title="Tridevi">Tridevi</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Other major <a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Devas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Devi" title="Devi">Devis</a></div></dt></dl> <dl><dd><i>Vedic Deities:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tridasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Tridasha">Tridasha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adityas" title="Adityas">Adityas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudras" title="Rudras">Rudras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasus" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasus">Vasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashvins" title="Ashvins">Ashvins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadevi" title="Mahadevi">Mahadevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigvedic_deities" title="Rigvedic deities">Other Vedic Deities</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Post-Vedic:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avatar" title="Avatar">Avatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashavatara" title="Dashavatara">Dashavatara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navadurga" title="Navadurga">Navadurga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavidya" title="Mahavidya">Mahavidya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartikeya" title="Kartikeya">Kartikeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakti" title="Shakti">Shakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Devata" title="Devata">Devatas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vishvakarma" title="Vishvakarma">Vishvakarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubera" title="Kubera">Kubera</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Concepts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Worldview</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_cosmology" title="Hindu cosmology">Cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Mythology</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Ontology</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tattva" title="Tattva">Tattvas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanmatras" title="Tanmatras">Subtle elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchikarana" title="Panchikarana">Panchikarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancha_Bhuta" title="Pancha Bhuta">Gross elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu%E1%B9%87a" title="Guṇa">Guṇas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purusha" title="Purusha">Purusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prak%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Prakṛti">Prakṛti</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Para_Brahman" title="Para Brahman">Supreme reality</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nirguna_brahman" class="mw-redirect" title="Nirguna brahman">Nirguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saguna_brahman" title="Saguna brahman">Saguna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om">Om</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saccid%C4%81nanda" title="Saccidānanda">Saccidānanda</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">God</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ishvara" title="Ishvara">Ishvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Devas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Devi" title="Devi">Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devata" title="Devata">Devatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Hinduism" title="God in Hinduism">God in Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_and_gender_in_Hinduism" title="God and gender in Hinduism">God and gender</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Puru%E1%B9%A3%C4%81rtha" title="Puruṣārtha">Puruṣārtha (Meaning of life)</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artha" title="Artha">Artha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kama" title="Kama">Kama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">Moksha</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/%C4%80%C5%9Brama_(stage)" title="Āśrama (stage)">Āśrama (Stages of life)</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmacharya" title="Brahmacharya">Brahmacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%E1%B9%9Bhastha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gṛhastha">Gṛhastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%81naprastha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vānaprastha">Vānaprastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sannyasa" title="Sannyasa">Sannyasa</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Three_Yogas" title="Three Yogas">Three paths to liberation</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_yoga" title="Bhakti yoga">Bhakti yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jnana_yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Jnana yoga">Jnana yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma_yoga" title="Karma yoga">Karma yoga</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">Liberation</a></div></dt></dl> <dl><dd><i>Mokṣa-related topics:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paramatman" title="Paramatman">Paramātman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_(religion)" title="Maya (religion)">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">Karma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra" title="Saṃsāra">Saṃsāra</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Mind</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80tman_(Hinduism)" title="Ātman (Hinduism)">Ātman (self)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An%C4%81tman_(Hinduism)" title="Anātman (Hinduism)">Anātman (non-self)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_bodies_doctrine" title="Three bodies doctrine">Sūkṣma śarīra (subtle body)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antahkarana" title="Antahkarana">Antaḥkaraṇa (mental organs)</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praj%C3%B1%C4%81_(Hinduism)" title="Prajñā (Hinduism)">Prajña (wisdom)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80nanda_(Hindu_philosophy)" title="Ānanda (Hindu philosophy)">Ānanda (happiness)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viveka" title="Viveka">Viveka (discernment)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vairagya" title="Vairagya">Vairagya (dispassion)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samatva" title="Samatva">Sama (equanimity)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_(virtue)#Hinduism" title="Temperance (virtue)">Dama (temperance)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uparati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uparati (page does not exist)">Uparati (self-settledness)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titiksha" title="Titiksha">Titiksha (forbearance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_in_Hinduism" title="Faith in Hinduism">Shraddha (faith)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sam%C4%81dh%C4%81na&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samādhāna (page does not exist)">Samadhana (concentration)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arishadvargas" title="Arishadvargas">Arishadvargas (six enemies)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahamkara" title="Ahamkara">Ahamkara (attachment)</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Ethics</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_in_religion#Hindu_ethics" title="Ethics in religion">Niti śastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamas" title="Yamas">Yamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niyama" title="Niyama">Niyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achourya" title="Achourya">Achourya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-possession" title="Non-possession">Aparigraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmacharya" title="Brahmacharya">Brahmacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya" title="Satya">Satya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_(virtue)#Hinduism" title="Temperance (virtue)">Damah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compassion#Hinduism" title="Compassion">Dayā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akrodha" title="Akrodha">Akrodha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arjava" title="Arjava">Arjava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santosha" title="Santosha">Santosha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapas_(Indian_religions)" title="Tapas (Indian religions)">Tapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sv%C4%81dhy%C4%81ya" title="Svādhyāya">Svādhyāya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaucha" title="Shaucha">Shaucha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitahara" title="Mitahara">Mitahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na" title="Dāna">Dāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C4%81stra_pram%C4%81%E1%B9%87am_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Śāstra pramāṇam in Hinduism">Sources of dharma</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Pramana" title="Pramana">Epistemology</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pratyaksha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pratyaksha (page does not exist)">Pratyakṣa (perception)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramana#Anumāṇa" title="Pramana">Anumāṇa (inference)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upam%C4%81%E1%B9%87a" class="mw-redirect" title="Upamāṇa">Upamāṇa (comparison, analogy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramana#Arthāpatti" title="Pramana">Arthāpatti (postulation, presumption)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramana#Anupalabdi" title="Pramana">Anupalabdi (non-perception, negation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabda" title="Shabda">Śabda (word, testimony)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Worship_in_Hinduism" title="Worship in Hinduism">Worship</a>, sacrifice, and charity</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puja_(Hinduism)" title="Puja (Hinduism)">Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arti_(Hinduism)" title="Arti (Hinduism)">Ārtī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_in_Hinduism" title="Prayer in Hinduism">Prarthana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Arauta" title="Śrauta">Śrauta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple" title="Hindu temple">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murti" title="Murti">Murti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">Bhakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japa" title="Japa">Japa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhajan" title="Bhajan">Bhajana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirtan" title="Kirtan">Kīrtana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajna" title="Yajna">Yajna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homa_(ritual)" title="Homa (ritual)">Homa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarpana" title="Tarpana">Tarpana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrata" title="Vrata">Vrata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C4%81ya%C5%9Bcitta" title="Prāyaścitta">Prāyaścitta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirtha_(Hinduism)" title="Tirtha (Hinduism)">Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yatra" title="Yatra">Yatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_pilgrimage_sites_in_India" title="Hindu pilgrimage sites in India">Tirthadana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matha" title="Matha">Matha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_classical_dance" title="Indian classical dance">Nritta-Nritya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na" title="Dāna">Dāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sev%C4%81" title="Sevā">Sevā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exorcism_in_Hinduism" title="Exorcism in Hinduism">Exorcism</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Meditation</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tapas_(Indian_religions)" title="Tapas (Indian religions)">Tapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhyana_in_Hinduism" title="Dhyana in Hinduism">Dhyana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sam%C4%81dh%C4%81na&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samādhāna (page does not exist)">Samādhāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nididhy%C4%81sana" title="Nididhyāsana">Nididhyāsana</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sadhu" title="Sadhu">Sadhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogi" title="Yogi">Yogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogini" title="Yogini">Yogini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asana" title="Asana">Asana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%81dhan%C4%81" title="Sādhanā">Sādhanā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatha_yoga" title="Hatha yoga">Hatha yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jnana_yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Jnana yoga">Jnana yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_yoga" title="Bhakti yoga">Bhakti yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma_yoga" title="Karma yoga">Karma yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81ja_yoga" title="Rāja yoga">Rāja yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundalini_yoga" title="Kundalini yoga">Kundalini yoga</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_art" title="Hindu art">Arts</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatanatyam" title="Bharatanatyam">Bharatanatyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathak" title="Kathak">Kathak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathakali" title="Kathakali">Kathakali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuchipudi" title="Kuchipudi">Kuchipudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipuri_dance" title="Manipuri dance">Manipuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohiniyattam" title="Mohiniyattam">Mohiniyattam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odissi" title="Odissi">Odissi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sattriya" title="Sattriya">Sattriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavata_Mela" title="Bhagavata Mela">Bhagavata Mela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakshagana" title="Yakshagana">Yakshagana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandiya_Raas" title="Dandiya Raas">Dandiya Raas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnatic_music" title="Carnatic music">Carnatic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandav_Lila" title="Pandav Lila">Pandav Lila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaripayattu" title="Kalaripayattu">Kalaripayattu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silambam" title="Silambam">Silambam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adimurai" title="Adimurai">Adimurai</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Samskara_(rite_of_passage)" title="Samskara (rite of passage)">Rites of passage</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garbhadhana" title="Garbhadhana">Garbhadhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumsavana" title="Pumsavana">Pumsavana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumsavana_Simantonayana" title="Pumsavana Simantonayana">Pumsavana Simantonayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simantonnayana" title="Simantonnayana">Simantonnayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatakarma" title="Jatakarma">Jatakarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81makara%E1%B9%87a" title="Nāmakaraṇa">Nāmakaraṇa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishkramana" title="Nishkramana">Nishkramana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annaprashana" title="Annaprashana">Annaprashana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chudakarana" title="Chudakarana">Chudakarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnavedha" title="Karnavedha">Karnavedha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidy%C4%81ra%E1%B9%83bha%E1%B9%83" title="Vidyāraṃbhaṃ">Vidyāraṃbhaṃ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanayana" title="Upanayana">Upanayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshanta" title="Keshanta">Keshanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritu_Kala_Samskaram" title="Ritu Kala Samskaram">Ritushuddhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samavartanam" title="Samavartanam">Samavartanam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_wedding" title="Hindu wedding">Vivaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antyesti" title="Antyesti">Antyesti</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_festivals" title="List of Hindu festivals">Festivals</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Holi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maha_Shivaratri" title="Maha Shivaratri">Maha Shivaratri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navaratri" title="Navaratri">Navaratri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Durga_Puja" title="Durga Puja">Durga Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramlila" title="Ramlila">Ramlila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayadashami" title="Vijayadashami">Vijayadashami-Dussehra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raksha_Bandhan" title="Raksha Bandhan">Raksha Bandhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesh_Chaturthi" title="Ganesh Chaturthi">Ganesh Chaturthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasant_Panchami" title="Vasant Panchami">Vasant Panchami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Navami" title="Rama Navami">Rama Navami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Janmashtami" title="Krishna Janmashtami">Janmashtami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onam" title="Onam">Onam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makar_Sankranti" title="Makar Sankranti">Makar Sankranti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbh_Mela" title="Kumbh Mela">Kumbh Mela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pongal_(festival)" title="Pongal (festival)">Pongal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugadi" title="Ugadi">Ugadi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vaisakhi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bihu" title="Bihu">Bihu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puthandu" title="Puthandu">Puthandu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishu" title="Vishu">Vishu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratha_Yatra_(Puri)" title="Ratha Yatra (Puri)">Ratha Yatra</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Philosophical schools</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Astika" class="mw-redirect" title="Astika">Six Astika schools</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_(philosophy)" title="Yoga (philosophy)">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyaya" title="Nyaya">Nyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaisheshika" title="Vaisheshika">Vaisheshika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%ABm%C4%81%E1%B9%83s%C4%81" title="Mīmāṃsā">Mīmāṃsā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dvaita_Vedanta" title="Dvaita Vedanta">Dvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vishishtadvaita" title="Vishishtadvaita">Vishishtadvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Achintya_Bheda_Abheda" title="Achintya Bheda Abheda">Achintya Bheda Abheda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shuddhadvaita" title="Shuddhadvaita">Shuddhadvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Svabhavika_Bhedabheda" class="mw-redirect" title="Svabhavika Bhedabheda">Svabhavika Bhedabheda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Akshar_Purushottam_Darshan" title="Akshar Purushottam Darshan">Akshar Purushottam Darshan</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Other schools</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80j%C4%ABvika" title="Ājīvika">Ājīvika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charvaka" title="Charvaka">Charvaka</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_gurus_and_sants" title="List of Hindu gurus and sants">Gurus, Rishi, Philosophers</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient India">Ancient</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saptarshi" title="Saptarshi">Saptarshi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vashistha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vashistha">Vashistha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashyapa" title="Kashyapa">Kashyapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atri" title="Atri">Atri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamadagni" title="Jamadagni">Jamadagni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyaya_Sutras" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyaya Sutras">Gotama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishvamitra" title="Vishvamitra">Vishvamitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharadwaja" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharadwaja">Bharadwaja</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agastya" title="Agastya">Agastya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angiras" title="Angiras">Angiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruni" class="mw-redirect" title="Aruni">Aruni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashtavakra" title="Ashtavakra">Ashtavakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaimini" title="Jaimini">Jaimini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanada_(philosopher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanada (philosopher)">Kanada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapila" title="Kapila">Kapila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patanjali" title="Patanjali">Patanjali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini" title="Pāṇini">Pāṇini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prashastapada" title="Prashastapada">Prashastapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raikva" title="Raikva">Raikva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyakama_Jabala" class="mw-redirect" title="Satyakama Jabala">Satyakama Jabala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valmiki" title="Valmiki">Valmiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyasa" title="Vyasa">Vyasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajnavalkya" title="Yajnavalkya">Yajnavalkya</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_India" title="Medieval India">Medieval</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhinavagupta" title="Abhinavagupta">Abhinavagupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adi_Shankara" title="Adi Shankara">Adi Shankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akka_Mahadevi" title="Akka Mahadevi">Akka Mahadevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allama_Prabhu" title="Allama Prabhu">Allama Prabhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvars" title="Alvars">Alvars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basava" title="Basava">Basava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu" title="Chaitanya Mahaprabhu">Chaitanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramdas_Kathiababa" title="Ramdas Kathiababa">Ramdas Kathiababa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakradhar_Swami" title="Chakradhar Swami">Chakradhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changdev" class="mw-redirect" title="Changdev">Chāngadeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadu_Dayal" title="Dadu Dayal">Dadu Dayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eknath" title="Eknath">Eknath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangesha_Upadhyaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Gangesha Upadhyaya">Gangesha Upadhyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudapada" title="Gaudapada">Gaudapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorakshanath" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorakshanath">Gorakshanatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haridasa_Thakur" title="Haridasa Thakur">Haridasa Thakur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hith_Harivansh_Mahaprabhu" title="Hith Harivansh Mahaprabhu">Harivansh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannatha_Dasa_(Odia_poet)" title="Jagannatha Dasa (Odia poet)">Jagannatha Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayanta_Bhatta" title="Jayanta Bhatta">Jayanta Bhatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayatirtha" title="Jayatirtha">Jayatīrtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiva_Goswami" title="Jiva Goswami">Jiva Goswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B1%C4%81ne%C5%9Bvar" class="mw-redirect" title="Jñāneśvar">Jñāneśvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabir" title="Kabir">Kabir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanaka_Dasa" title="Kanaka Dasa">Kanaka Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kum%C4%81rila_Bha%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADa" title="Kumārila Bhaṭṭa">Kumārila Bhaṭṭa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhus%C5%ABdana_Sarasvat%C4%AB" title="Madhusūdana Sarasvatī">Madhusūdana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhvacharya" title="Madhvacharya">Madhva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsyendranath" class="mw-redirect" title="Matsyendranath">Matsyendranatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morya_Gosavi" title="Morya Gosavi">Morya Gosavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukundraj" title="Mukundraj">Mukundarāja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namdev" title="Namdev">Namadeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narahari_Tirtha" title="Narahari Tirtha">Narahari Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narasimha_Saraswati" title="Narasimha Saraswati">Narasimha Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayanars" title="Nayanars">Nayanars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbarkacharya" class="mw-redirect" title="Nimbarkacharya">Nimbarkacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinivasacharya" title="Srinivasacharya">Srinivasacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabh%C4%81kara" title="Prabhākara">Prabhākara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purandara_Dasa" title="Purandara Dasa">Purandara Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghavendra_Swami" class="mw-redirect" title="Raghavendra Swami">Raghavendra Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghunatha_Siromani" title="Raghunatha Siromani">Raghunatha Siromani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghuttama_Tirtha" title="Raghuttama Tirtha">Raghuttama Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Charan_(guru)" title="Ram Charan (guru)">Ram Charan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramananda" title="Ramananda">Ramananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanuja" title="Ramanuja">Ramanuja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramprasad_Sen" title="Ramprasad Sen">Ramprasad Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravidas" title="Ravidas">Ravidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupa_Goswami" title="Rupa Goswami">Rupa Goswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samarth_Ramdas" title="Samarth Ramdas">Samarth Ramdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankardev" title="Sankardev">Sankardev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyanatha_Tirtha" title="Satyanatha Tirtha">Satyanatha Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddheshwar" title="Siddheshwar">Siddheshwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sripada_Srivallabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Sripada Srivallabha">Sripada Srivallabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sripadaraja" title="Sripadaraja">Sripadaraja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surdas" title="Surdas">Surdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan" title="Swaminarayan">Swaminarayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syama_Sastri" title="Syama Sastri">Śyāma Śastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukaram" title="Tukaram">Tukaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsidas" title="Tulsidas">Tulsidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyagaraja" title="Tyagaraja">Tyagaraja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%81caspati_Mi%C5%9Bra" class="mw-redirect" title="Vācaspati Miśra">Vācaspati Miśra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadiraja_Tirtha" title="Vadiraja Tirtha">Vadiraja Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallabha" title="Vallabha">Vallabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvalluvar" title="Thiruvalluvar">Valluvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Desika" title="Vedanta Desika">Vedanta Desika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidyaranya" title="Vidyaranya">Vidyaranya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyasaraja" class="mw-redirect" title="Vyasaraja">Vyasaraja</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Modern</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Aurobindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaktisiddhanta_Sarasvati" title="Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati">Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaktivinoda_Thakur" title="Bhaktivinoda Thakur">Bhaktivinoda Thakur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrashekarendra_Saraswati" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandrashekarendra Saraswati">Chandrashekarendra Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinmayananda" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinmayananda">Chinmayananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati" title="Dayananda Saraswati">Dayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaggi_Vasudev" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaggi Vasudev">Jaggi Vasudev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnananda_Saraswati" title="Krishnananda Saraswati">Krishnananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavatar_Babaji" title="Mahavatar Babaji">Mahavatar Babaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharishi_Mahesh_Yogi" title="Maharishi Mahesh Yogi">Mahesh Yogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayana_Guru" title="Narayana Guru">Narayana Guru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigamananda_Paramahansa" title="Nigamananda Paramahansa">Nigamananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisargadatta_Maharaj" title="Nisargadatta Maharaj">Nisargadatta Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._C._Bhaktivedanta_Swami_Prabhupada" title="A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada">Prabhupada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvepalli_Radhakrishnan" title="Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan">Radhakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramachandra_Dattatrya_Ranade" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramachandra Dattatrya Ranade">R. D. Ranade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna" title="Ramakrishna">Ramakrishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Rama_Tirtha" class="mw-redirect" title="Swami Rama Tirtha">Rama Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramana_Maharshi" title="Ramana Maharshi">Ramana Maharshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar_(spiritual_leader)" title="Ravi Shankar (spiritual leader)">Ravi Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Ramdas" title="Swami Ramdas">Ramdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Samarth" title="Swami Samarth">Samarth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sathya_Sai_Baba" title="Sathya Sai Baba">Sathya Sai Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sai_Baba_of_Shirdi" title="Sai Baba of Shirdi">Shirdi Sai Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Shraddhanand" title="Swami Shraddhanand">Shraddhanand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyadhyana_Tirtha" title="Satyadhyana Tirtha">Satyadhyana Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddharameshwar_Maharaj" class="mw-redirect" title="Siddharameshwar Maharaj">Siddharameshwar Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivananda_Saraswati" title="Sivananda Saraswati">Sivananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trailanga" title="Trailanga">Trailanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U._G._Krishnamurti" title="U. G. Krishnamurti">U. G. Krishnamurti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upasni_Maharaj" class="mw-redirect" title="Upasni Maharaj">Upasni Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vethathiri_Maharishi" title="Vethathiri Maharishi">Vethathiri Maharishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Vivekananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramahansa_Yogananda" title="Paramahansa Yogananda">Yogananda</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">Texts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C4%81stra_pram%C4%81%E1%B9%87am_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Śāstra pramāṇam in Hinduism">Sources and classification of scripture</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aruti" title="Śruti">Śruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sm%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Smṛti">Smṛti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80c%C4%81ra" title="Ācāra">Ācāra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmatusti" title="Atmatusti">Ātmatuṣṭi</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">Scriptures</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Hindu_texts" title="Timeline of Hindu texts">Timeline of Hindu texts</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yajurveda" title="Yajurveda">Yajurveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samaveda" title="Samaveda">Samaveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atharvaveda" title="Atharvaveda">Atharvaveda</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Divisions</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samhitapatha" class="mw-redirect" title="Samhitapatha">Samhita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmana" title="Brahmana">Brahmana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aranyaka" title="Aranyaka">Aranyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></div></dt></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Principal_Upanishads" title="Principal Upanishads">Principal Upanishads</a></dt> <dd></dd></dl> <dl><dd><i>Rigveda:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aitareya_Upanishad" title="Aitareya Upanishad">Aitareya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kaushitaki_Upanishad" title="Kaushitaki Upanishad">Kaushitaki</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Yajurveda:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Brihadaranyaka_Upanishad" title="Brihadaranyaka Upanishad">Brihadaranyaka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isha_Upanishad" title="Isha Upanishad">Isha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taittiriya_Upanishad" title="Taittiriya Upanishad">Taittiriya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Katha_Upanishad" title="Katha Upanishad">Katha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shvetashvatara_Upanishad" title="Shvetashvatara Upanishad">Shvetashvatara</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maitrayaniya_Upanishad" title="Maitrayaniya Upanishad">Maitri</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Samaveda:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chandogya_Upanishad" title="Chandogya Upanishad">Chandogya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kena_Upanishad" title="Kena Upanishad">Kena</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Atharvaveda:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mundaka_Upanishad" title="Mundaka Upanishad">Mundaka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mandukya_Upanishad" title="Mandukya Upanishad">Mandukya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prashna_Upanishad" title="Prashna Upanishad">Prashna</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Vedangas" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedangas">Vedangas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shiksha" title="Shiksha">Shiksha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_metre" title="Vedic metre">Chandas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vy%C4%81kara%E1%B9%87a" title="Vyākaraṇa">Vyākaraṇa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirukta" title="Nirukta">Nirukta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalpa_(Vedanga)" title="Kalpa (Vedanga)">Kalpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyotisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Jyotisha">Jyotisha</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_scriptures" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Hindu scriptures">Other scriptures</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_(Hinduism)" title="Agama (Hinduism)"><i>Agama</i>s (Hinduism)</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Itihasa-Purana" title="Itihasa-Purana">Itihasas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Purana" title="Vishnu Purana">Vishnu Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavata_Purana" title="Bhagavata Purana">Bhagavata Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Devi_Bhagavata_Purana" title="Devi Bhagavata Purana">Devi Bhagavata Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Naradiya_Purana" title="Naradiya Purana">Naradiya Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vamana_Purana" title="Vamana Purana">Vāmana Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Matsya_Purana" title="Matsya Purana">Matsya Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Garuda_Purana" title="Garuda Purana">Garuda Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Purana" title="Brahma Purana">Brahma Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahmanda_Purana" title="Brahmanda Purana">Brahmanda Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Vaivarta_Purana" title="Brahma Vaivarta Purana">Brahma Vaivarta Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhavishya_Purana" title="Bhavishya Purana">Bhavishya Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Padma_Purana" title="Padma Purana">Padma Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Agni_Purana" title="Agni Purana">Agni Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Purana" title="Shiva Purana">Shiva Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Linga_Purana" title="Linga Purana">Linga Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kurma_Purana" title="Kurma Purana">Kūrma Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Skanda_Purana" title="Skanda Purana">Skanda Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Varaha_Purana" title="Varaha Purana">Varaha Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Markandeya_Purana" title="Markandeya Purana">Markandeya Purana</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Vedas#Upaveda" title="Vedas">Upavedas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhanurveda" title="Dhanurveda">Dhanurveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gandharvaveda" class="mw-redirect" title="Gandharvaveda">Gandharvaveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sthapatyaveda" class="mw-redirect" title="Sthapatyaveda">Sthapatyaveda</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Shastra" title="Shastra">Shastras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sutra" title="Sutra">sutras</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Samhita" title="Samhita">samhitas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dharma%C5%9B%C4%81stra" title="Dharmaśāstra">Dharma Shastra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arthashastra" title="Arthashastra">Artha Śastra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shilpa_Shastras" title="Shilpa Shastras">Shilpa Shastras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kama_Sutra" title="Kama Sutra">Kama Sutra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Sutras" title="Brahma Sutras">Brahma Sutras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samkhya_Pravachana_Sutra" title="Samkhya Pravachana Sutra">Samkhya Sutras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Purva_Mimamsa_Sutras" title="Purva Mimamsa Sutras">Mimamsa Sutras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ny%C4%81ya_S%C5%ABtras" title="Nyāya Sūtras">Nyāya Sūtras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vai%C5%9Be%E1%B9%A3ika_S%C5%ABtra" title="Vaiśeṣika Sūtra">Vaiśeṣika Sūtra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Sutras_of_Patanjali" title="Yoga Sutras of Patanjali">Yoga Sutras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pramana" title="Pramana">Pramana Sutras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charaka_Samhita" title="Charaka Samhita">Charaka Samhita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sushruta_Samhita" title="Sushruta Samhita">Sushruta Samhita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Natya_Shastra" title="Natya Shastra">Natya Shastra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Panchatantra" title="Panchatantra">Panchatantra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Naalayira_Divya_Prabandham" title="Naalayira Divya Prabandham">Naalayira Divya Prabandham</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tirumurai" title="Tirumurai">Tirumurai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramcharitmanas" title="Ramcharitmanas">Ramcharitmanas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Vasistha" title="Yoga Vasistha">Yoga Vasistha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Swarodaya" title="Shiva Swarodaya">Swara yoga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Panchadasi" title="Panchadasi">Panchadasi</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Stotra" title="Stotra">Stotras</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_suktas_and_stutis" title="List of suktas and stutis">stutis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bhashya" title="Bhashya">Bhashya</a> </div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kanakadhara_Stotra" title="Kanakadhara Stotra">Kanakadhara Stotra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Stuti" title="Shiva Stuti">Shiva Stuti</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vayu_Stuti" title="Vayu Stuti">Vayu Stuti</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_literature" title="Tamil literature">Tamil literature</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tirumurai" title="Tirumurai">Tirumurai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Naalayira_Divya_Prabandham" title="Naalayira Divya Prabandham">Naalayira Divya Prabandham</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tirumuruk%C4%81%E1%B9%9F%E1%B9%9Fuppa%E1%B9%ADai" title="Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai">Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tiruppukal" title="Tiruppukal">Tiruppukal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kural" title="Kural">Kural</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kamba_Ramayanam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamba Ramayanam">Kamba Ramayanam/Ramavataram</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Five_Great_Epics" title="Five Great Epics">Five Great Epics</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eighteen_Greater_Texts" title="Eighteen Greater Texts">Eighteen Greater Texts</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eighteen_Lesser_Texts" title="Eighteen Lesser Texts">Eighteen Lesser Texts</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Athichudi" title="Athichudi">Athichudi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iraiyanar_Akapporul" title="Iraiyanar Akapporul">Iraiyanar Akapporul</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abirami_Antati" title="Abirami Antati">Abirami Antati</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thiruvilaiyadal_Puranam" title="Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam">Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vinayagar_Agaval" title="Vinayagar Agaval">Vinayagar Agaval</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed; border-bottom:1px dotted"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_texts" title="List of Hindu texts">Other texts</a></div></dt></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Hindu Culture & Society</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Society</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Varna_(Hinduism)" title="Varna (Hinduism)">Varna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kshatriya" title="Kshatriya">Kshatriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayastha" title="Kayastha">Kayastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishya" title="Vaishya">Vaishya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shudra" title="Shudra">Shudra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalit" title="Dalit">Dalit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C4%81ti" title="Jāti">Jāti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotra" title="Gotra">Gotra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvija" title="Dvija">Dvija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasa" title="Dasa">Dasa</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Hindu Art</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_art" title="Hindu art">Hindu art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_iconography" title="Hindu iconography">Hindu iconography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shilpa_Shastras" title="Shilpa Shastras">Shilpa Shastras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasa_(aesthetics)" title="Rasa (aesthetics)">Rasa (aesthetics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_aesthetics" title="Indian aesthetics">Indian aesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantra" title="Yantra">Yantra</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Hindu Architecture</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_architecture" title="Hindu architecture">Hindu architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple_architecture" title="Hindu temple architecture">Hindu temple architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vastu_shastra" title="Vastu shastra">Vastu shastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talamana" title="Talamana">Talamana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; 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.navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hinduism" title="Template:Hinduism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hinduism" title="Template talk:Hinduism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hinduism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hinduism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ganges_at_Haridwar,_Uttarakhand.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ganges_at_Haridwar%2C_Uttarakhand.jpg/250px-Ganges_at_Haridwar%2C_Uttarakhand.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ganges_at_Haridwar%2C_Uttarakhand.jpg/330px-Ganges_at_Haridwar%2C_Uttarakhand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ganges_at_Haridwar%2C_Uttarakhand.jpg/500px-Ganges_at_Haridwar%2C_Uttarakhand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Bathing in rivers is a Vaisakhi tradition</figcaption></figure> <p>For most of the Hindus, the first day of Vaisakh marks the traditional solar new year,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Hinduism_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Hinduism-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">Bengal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab</a><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uttrakhand" class="mw-redirect" title="Uttrakhand">Uttrakhand</a> and other parts of India.<sup id="cite_ref-PechilisRaj2013p48_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PechilisRaj2013p48-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Hinduism_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Hinduism-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this is not the universal new year for all Hindus. For some, such as those in and near Gujarat, the new year festivities coincide with the five-day <a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a> festival.<sup id="cite_ref-PechilisRaj2013p48_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PechilisRaj2013p48-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For others, the new year falls on <a href="/wiki/Cheti_Chand" title="Cheti Chand">Cheti Chand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gudi_Padwa" title="Gudi Padwa">Gudi Padwa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ugadi" title="Ugadi">Ugadi</a> which falls a few weeks earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-PechilisRaj2013p48_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PechilisRaj2013p48-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Falzon2004p62_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Falzon2004p62-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The harvest is complete and crops ready to sell, representing a time of plenty for the farmers. Fairs and special thanksgiving pujas (prayers) are common in the Hindu tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-Rinehart2004p139_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rinehart2004p139-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is available in the Vanis of the saints that in Satlok, the Vaisakhi-like atmosphere always remains there. </p><p>It is regionally known by many names among the Hindus, though the festivities and its significance is similar. It is celebrated by Hindus bathing in sacred rivers, as they believe that river goddess Ganges descended to earth on Vaisakhi from <a href="/wiki/Svarga" title="Svarga">Svarga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rinehart2004p139_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rinehart2004p139-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some rivers considered particularly sacred include the Ganges, Jhelum and Kaveri. Hindus visit temples, meet friends and party over festive foods.<sup id="cite_ref-Roy2005p479_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roy2005p479-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Haridwar,_Uttarakhand"><span id="Haridwar.2C_Uttarakhand"></span>Haridwar, Uttarakhand</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisakhi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Haridwar, Uttarakhand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vaisakhi is the day when Hindus believe <a href="/wiki/Ganga_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganga in Hinduism">River Goddess Ganga</a> descended on earth from heaven.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the largest Vaisakhi fair in India is held at <a href="/wiki/Haridwar" title="Haridwar">Haridwar</a>, which is an important Hindu pilgrimage. Around 50 lakhs (5 million) pligrims throng <i>Brahm</i> <i>Kund</i> in Haridwar to take a dip in <a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganga</a> river on this festival.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Punjab">Punjab</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisakhi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Punjab"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baba_ram_thaman_temple_in_kasur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Baba_ram_thaman_temple_in_kasur.jpg/250px-Baba_ram_thaman_temple_in_kasur.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Baba_ram_thaman_temple_in_kasur.jpg/330px-Baba_ram_thaman_temple_in_kasur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Baba_ram_thaman_temple_in_kasur.jpg/500px-Baba_ram_thaman_temple_in_kasur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1188" data-file-height="686" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Baba_Ram_Thaman_Shrine" title="Baba Ram Thaman Shrine">Baba Ram Thaman Shrine</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Punjab_Province_(British_India)" title="Punjab Province (British India)">Punjab</a>, the Hindu Shrine of <a href="/wiki/Katas_Raj_Temples" title="Katas Raj Temples">Katas Raj</a> was known for its Vaisakhi fair.<sup id="cite_ref-Low_Price_Publications_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Low_Price_Publications-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was attended by around 10,000 pilgrims who were mostly Hindus.<sup id="cite_ref-Nijjar_1972_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nijjar_1972-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, at the shrine of <a href="/wiki/Bairagi_(caste)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bairagi (caste)">Bairagi</a> Baba Ram Thaman, a Vaisakhi fair was held annually since 16th century CE which was attended by around 60,000 pilgrims and <a href="/wiki/Bairagi_(caste)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bairagi (caste)">Bairagi</a> saints from all over India used to throng the shrine.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.com_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Khalid_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khalid-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Vaisakhi fair is at <i>Thakurdwara</i> of Bhagwan Narainji at Pandori Mahatan village in <a href="/wiki/Gurdaspur_district" title="Gurdaspur district">Gurdaspur</a> district of Punjab where the fair lasts for three days from 1st Vaisakha to 3rd Vaisakha.<sup id="cite_ref-Darshan_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Darshan-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The celebrations start in form of procession on morning of 1st Vaisakha, carrying <i>Mahant</i> in a palanquin by <i>Brahmacharis</i> and devotees. After that <a href="/wiki/Navagraha" title="Navagraha">Navgraha</a> <a href="/wiki/Puja_(Hinduism)" title="Puja (Hinduism)">Puja</a> is held and charities in money, grains and cows are done.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At evening, <a href="/wiki/Kirtan" title="Kirtan">Sankirtan</a> is held in which <i>Mahant</i> delivers religious discourses and concludes it by distributing <a href="/wiki/Pras%C4%81da" class="mw-redirect" title="Prasāda">prasad</a> of Patashas (candy drops). Pilgrims also take ritual bathings at sacred tank in the shrine.<sup id="cite_ref-Darshan_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Darshan-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jammu">Jammu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisakhi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Jammu"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vaisakhi is an important festival among <a href="/wiki/Dogras" title="Dogras">Dogra Hindus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jammu_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Jammu Division">Jammu</a> region. On this day, people get up early in the morning, throng the rivers, canals, and ponds and take a ritual dip every year on this occasion. In Dogra households, a <a href="/wiki/Puja_(Hinduism)" title="Puja (Hinduism)">Puja</a> is performed afterwards and part of food crop is offered to the deities. New fruit of the year is enjoyed on this day.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Ritual Bath at <a href="/wiki/Tawi_River" title="Tawi River">Tawi</a> river during Vaisakhi is common in Jammu.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vaisakhi is celebrated at <a href="/wiki/Udhampur_district" title="Udhampur district">Udhampur</a> on the bank of Devika river where for three days devotees enjoy the folk songs. At Sudhmahadev, this festival is celebrated with great pomp and show where folk singers come down and a competition of folk songs is held. Vendors generally install their shops and stalls of eatables.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many people go to the Nagbani temple to witness the grand New Year celebration.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vaisakhi is also considered "harvest festival" and considered auspicious, especially for marriages. Celebrations of Vaisakhi also include <a href="/wiki/Dogras" title="Dogras">Dogri</a> Bhangra.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Ganhar (1975),<sup id="cite_ref-Ganhar_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ganhar-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Bhangra dances are a special feature of Baisakhi celebrations but bhangra is an importation from the Punjab and is more secular than religious". </p><p>The occasion is marked by numerous fairs and people come by the thousands to celebrate Vaisakhi. For example, Airwan in <a href="/wiki/Kathua_district" title="Kathua district">Kathua</a> is known for Vaisakhi fair attended by 10,000 people as per Census 1961.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Every year on Baisakhi festival around 15,000 pilgrims pay their obeisance at 700 tear old temple of <i>Subar Nag Devta</i> temple in <a href="/wiki/Bhaderwah" title="Bhaderwah">Bhaderwah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other places where Vaisakhi fairs are held are <a href="/wiki/Doda_district" title="Doda district">Doda</a> Bridge and <a href="/wiki/Ramban,_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Ramban, Jammu and Kashmir">Ramban</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Himachal_Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisakhi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Himachal Pradesh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Himachal Pradesh, Vaisakhi is an important festival of Hindus.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> People get up early in the morning and have a ritual bath. Two earthen lamps are lighted on this day one of Sangiya of oil and other one is Jyot of <a href="/wiki/Ghee" title="Ghee">Ghee</a>. These are kept in a large saucer along with water pot, blades of evergreen turf, Kusha, <a href="/wiki/Incense" title="Incense">Incense</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandalwood" title="Sandalwood">Sandal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vermilion" title="Vermilion">Vermillion</a> and Dakshina (money). With these things worship of household deities is performed. Alms are given in form of rice and pulses with small coins which are placed near Deity. This is called <i>Nasrawan</i> and is commonly to family priest.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fried cakes of black gram which are prepared a day before are distributed to neighbours after Puja is completed.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Special dishes are prepared on this day. White washing is performed on this day and floors are plastered. This is called <i>Prau lagana</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the evening people enjoy fairs which are organised for three days. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Haryana">Haryana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisakhi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Haryana"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vaisakhi is celebrated with religious fervour in <a href="/wiki/Yamunanagar" title="Yamunanagar">Yamunanagar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kurukshetra" title="Kurukshetra">Kurukshetra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Kurukshetra_district" title="Kurukshetra district">Kurukshetra</a> district, Vaisakhi fair is held at <i>Baan Ganga Tirtha</i><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><i>,</i> which is associated with <a href="/wiki/Arjuna" title="Arjuna">Arjuna</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a>. There is a Vaisakhi tradition of ritual bath at the sacred tank of <i>Baan Ganga Tirtha</i> in Village Dayalpur of <a href="/wiki/Kurukshetra" title="Kurukshetra">Kurukshetra</a>. A fair is held annually on Vaisakhi at this Hindu pilgrimage.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Besides, <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Haryana" title="Government of Haryana">Haryana government</a> organizes a Vaisakhi festival in <a href="/wiki/Pinjore_Gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinjore Gardens">Pinjore Garden</a> to commemorate this religious and cultural festival.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uttar_Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisakhi&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Uttar Pradesh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vaisakhi or Vaisakhi Sankranti is celebrated on first day of Vaisakha, as per <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindu</a> <a href="/wiki/Solar_deity" title="Solar deity">Solar</a> Calendar. This day is also known as <i>Sattuā or Satwahi</i><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><i>,</i> as <a href="/wiki/Sattu" title="Sattu">Sattu</a> is donated and consumed on this day.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The common rites during this festival is bath in a river or pond and to eat <a href="/wiki/Sattu" title="Sattu">Sattu</a> and <i>Gur</i> (<a href="/wiki/Jaggery" title="Jaggery">Jaggery</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_Regional_Hindu_Solar_New_Years">Other Regional Hindu Solar New Years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisakhi&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Other Regional Hindu Solar New Years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Vaisakhi coincides with the first day of the solar cycle year, that is the solar New Year or <a href="/wiki/Mesha_Sankranti" title="Mesha Sankranti">Mesha Sankranti</a> which is also related to other regional new years such as '<a href="/wiki/Vishu" title="Vishu">Vishu</a>' and '<a href="/wiki/Puthandu" title="Puthandu">Puthandu</a>' celebrated in <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a> a day after Vaisakhi. The festivities include fireworks, shopping for new clothes and interesting displays called 'Vishu Kani'. Hindus make arrangements of flowers, grains, fruits which friends and family visit to admire as "lucky sight" (<i>Vishukkani</i>). Giving gifts to friends and loved ones, as well as alms to the needy, are a tradition of Kerala Hindus on this festive day.<sup id="cite_ref-Roy2005p479_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roy2005p479-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vaisakhi is also related to <a href="/wiki/Bohag_Bihu" title="Bohag Bihu">Bohag (Rongali) Bihu</a> in <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a> and as Pohela Boishakh in <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">Bengal</a>, but typically one or two days after Vaisakhi.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mathapoo_vishu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Mathapoo_vishu.jpg/220px-Mathapoo_vishu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Mathapoo_vishu.jpg/330px-Mathapoo_vishu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Mathapoo_vishu.jpg/440px-Mathapoo_vishu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Some Indians mark their traditional new year with fireworks</figcaption></figure> <p>The following is a list of new year festivals:<sup id="cite_ref-PechilisRaj2013p48_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PechilisRaj2013p48-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Hinduism_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Hinduism-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bohag_Bihu" title="Bohag Bihu">Bohag Bihu</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a>, India</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pohela_Boishakh" title="Pohela Boishakh">Pohela Boishakh</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a>, India and <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pana_Sankranti" title="Pana Sankranti">Pana Sankranti</a></i> (<i>Maha Vishuba Sankranti</i>) in <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a>, India</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jur_Sital" title="Jur Sital">Jur Sital</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/History_of_Mithila" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Mithila">Mithila</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a>, India and parts of <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bwisagu" title="Bwisagu">Bwisagu</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Bodoland" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodoland">Bodoland</a> region of Assam, India</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bisu_(festival)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bisu (festival)">Bisu</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Tulu_Nadu" title="Tulu Nadu">Tulu Nadu</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a>, India</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Puthandu" title="Puthandu">Puthandu</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>, India and parts of <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vishu" title="Vishu">Vishu</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>, India</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vishu">Vishu</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisakhi&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Vishu"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vishukani.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Vishukani.jpg/250px-Vishukani.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Vishukani.jpg/330px-Vishukani.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Vishukani.jpg/500px-Vishukani.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>A Vishukkani tray before Krishna (Vishnu), a Kerala Hindu tradition</figcaption></figure> <p>Vishu is a Hindu festival celebrated on the same day as Vaisakhi in the Indian state of Kerala, and falls on the first day of Malayali month called Medam.<sup id="cite_ref-vishugok_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vishugok-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Melton2011p633_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melton2011p633-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The festival is notable for its solemnity and the general lack of pomp and show that characterize other Hindu festivals of Kerala such as <a href="/wiki/Onam" title="Onam">Onam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vishugok_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vishugok-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jagannathan2005p76_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jagannathan2005p76-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The festival is marked by family time, preparing colorful auspicious items and viewing these as the first thing on the Vishu day. In particular, Malayali Hindus seek to view the golden blossoms of the Indian laburnum (<i>Kani Konna</i>), money or silver items (<i>Vishukkaineetam</i>), and rice.<sup id="cite_ref-vishugok_86-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vishugok-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jagannathan2005p76_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jagannathan2005p76-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The day also attracts firework play by children,<sup id="cite_ref-vishugok_86-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vishugok-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-thehindu_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thehindu-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> wearing new clothes (<i>Puthukodi</i>) and the eating a special meal called <i><a href="/wiki/Sadya" title="Sadya">Sadya</a></i>, which is a mix of salty, sweet, sour and bitter items.<sup id="cite_ref-thehindu2_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thehindu2-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Vishu arrangement typically includes an image of <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a>, typically as <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a>. People also visit temples on the day.<sup id="cite_ref-Dalal2010p461_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dalal2010p461-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bohag_Bihu">Bohag Bihu</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisakhi&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bohag Bihu"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:4_girls_celebrating_Assamese_Bihu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/4_girls_celebrating_Assamese_Bihu.jpg/250px-4_girls_celebrating_Assamese_Bihu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/4_girls_celebrating_Assamese_Bihu.jpg/330px-4_girls_celebrating_Assamese_Bihu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/4_girls_celebrating_Assamese_Bihu.jpg/500px-4_girls_celebrating_Assamese_Bihu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Celebrating Bohag Bihu in Assam</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dhuliya_performing_in_an_open_stage_bihu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dhuliya_performing_in_an_open_stage_bihu.jpg/250px-Dhuliya_performing_in_an_open_stage_bihu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dhuliya_performing_in_an_open_stage_bihu.jpg/330px-Dhuliya_performing_in_an_open_stage_bihu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dhuliya_performing_in_an_open_stage_bihu.jpg/500px-Dhuliya_performing_in_an_open_stage_bihu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1574" data-file-height="1395" /></a><figcaption>Festive Bihu with Dhuliya is an Assamese Hindu tradition on this day.</figcaption></figure> <p>Bohag Bihu or Rangali Bihu marks the beginning of the Assamese New Year on 13 April. It is celebrated for seven days Vishuva Sankranti (Mesha Sankranti) of the month of Vaisakh or locally 'Bohag' (Bhaskar Calendar). The three primary types of Bihu are Rongali Bihu, Kongali Bihu, and Bhogali Bihu. Each festival historically recognizes a different agricultural cycle of the paddy crops. During Rangali Bihu there are 7 pinnacle phases: 'Chot', 'Raati', 'Goru', 'Manuh', 'Kutum', 'Mela' and 'Chera'.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Maha_Vishuba_Sankranti">Maha Vishuba Sankranti</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisakhi&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Maha Vishuba Sankranti"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Pana_Sankranti" title="Pana Sankranti">Pana Sankranti</a> (ପଣା ସଂକ୍ରାନ୍ତି) also known as Maha Vishuba Sankranti marks the Odia new year in <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a>. Celebrations include various types of folk and classical dances, such as the Shiva-related <a href="/wiki/Chhau_dance" title="Chhau dance">Chhau dance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On this day people hang pieces of Neem branches with leaves in front of their houses believed to have health benefits. They prepare a liquid mixture of jaggery, mango, pepper and other ingredients which is called Pana (ପଣା). An earthen pot with a small hole and a grass (କୁୁଶ) within the hole at the bottom is hung over the Tulasi (ତୁୁୁଳସୀ ଚଉରା). The pot is filled with water daily which acts as a drip to protect the sacred plant from the summer heat.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Poyla_Boishakh">Poyla Boishakh</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisakhi&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Poyla Boishakh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pohela_Boishakh" title="Pohela Boishakh">Pohela Boishakh</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Colors_of_Celebration!-4.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Colors_of_Celebration%21-4.JPG/250px-Colors_of_Celebration%21-4.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Colors_of_Celebration%21-4.JPG/330px-Colors_of_Celebration%21-4.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Colors_of_Celebration%21-4.JPG/500px-Colors_of_Celebration%21-4.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Pohela Boishakh celebrations in Dhaka, Bangladesh.</figcaption></figure> <p>Poyla Baishakh is the first day of the <a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendars" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali calendars">Bengali calendar</a> and is celebrated on 14 April every year in the states of <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tripura" title="Tripura">Tripura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Barak_Valley" title="Barak Valley">Barak Valley</a>) by <a href="/wiki/Bengali_Hindus" title="Bengali Hindus">Bengali Hindus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sinha2016p159_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sinha2016p159-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Hinduism_48-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Hinduism-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some historians attribute the Bengali calendar to the 7th-century king <a href="/wiki/Shashanka" title="Shashanka">Shashanka</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-meghna_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meghna-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sengupta2011_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sengupta2011-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term <i>Bangabda</i> (Bangla year) is found too in two <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a> temples many centuries older than <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a> era, suggesting that Bengali calendar existed before Akbar's time.<sup id="cite_ref-Sengupta2011_100-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sengupta2011-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various dynasties whose territories extended into <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a>, prior to the 13th-century, used the <a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a>. <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> texts and inscriptions created in the <a href="/wiki/Pala_Empire" title="Pala Empire">Pala Empire</a> era mention "Vikrama" and the months such as <a href="/wiki/Ashvin_(month)" title="Ashvin (month)">Ashvin</a>, a system found in <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> texts elsewhere in ancient and medieval Indian subcontinent.<sup id="cite_ref-crump114q_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crump114q-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dalal135_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dalal135-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Puthandu">Puthandu</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisakhi&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Puthandu"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Puthandu, also known as <i>Puthuvarusham</i> or <i>Tamil New Year</i>, is the first day of the month <i>Chithirai</i> on the <a href="/wiki/Tamil_calendar" title="Tamil calendar">Tamil calendar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Melton2011p633_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melton2011p633-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dalal2010p406_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dalal2010p406-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-reeves174_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reeves174-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On this day, Tamil people greet each other by saying "Puttāṇṭu vāḻttukkaḷ!" or "Iṉiya puttāṇṭu nalvāḻttukkaḷ!", which is equivalent to "Happy New Year".<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The day is observed as a family time. Households clean up the house, prepare a tray with fruits, flowers and auspicious items, light up the family <a href="/wiki/Puja_(Hinduism)" title="Puja (Hinduism)">Puja</a> altar and visit their local temples. People wear new clothes and youngsters go to elders to pay respects and seek their blessings, then the family sits down to a vegetarian feast.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Jur_Sital_in_Bihar">Jur Sital in Bihar</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisakhi&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Jur Sital in Bihar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jur_Sital" title="Jur Sital">Jur Sital</a></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Mithila_(region)" title="Mithila (region)">Mithila</a> region of Bihar and <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, the new year is celebrated as Jur Sital.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is traditional to use lotus leaves to serve sattu (powdered meal derived from grains of red gram and jau (Hordeum vulgare) and other ingredients) to the family members.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hindu_celebrations_elsewhere">Hindu celebrations elsewhere</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisakhi&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Hindu celebrations elsewhere"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pakistan">Pakistan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisakhi&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Pakistan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vaisakhi is an important among Pakistani Hindus. In <a href="/wiki/Punjab_Province_(British_India)" title="Punjab Province (British India)">Undivided Punjab</a>, the Hindu Shrine of <a href="/wiki/Katas_Raj_Temples" title="Katas Raj Temples">Katas Raj</a> was known for its Vaisakhi fair.<sup id="cite_ref-Low_Price_Publications_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Low_Price_Publications-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was attended by around 10,000 pilgrims who were mostly Hindus.<sup id="cite_ref-Nijjar_1972_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nijjar_1972-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, at the shrine of <a href="/wiki/Bairagi_(caste)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bairagi (caste)">Bairagi</a> Baba Ram Thaman, a Vaisakhi fair was held annually since 16th century CE which was attended by around 60,000 Hindu pilgrims and <a href="/wiki/Bairagi_(caste)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bairagi (caste)">Bairagi</a> saints from all over India used to throng the shrine.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.com_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Khalid_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khalid-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1961 Muzaffargarh District Census Report claims that Vaisakhi is associated with bullock racing and is a common festivity among the cultivators.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nepal">Nepal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisakhi&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Nepal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bisket_Jatra_festival_2018_at_the_Nyatapola_temple,_Bhaktapur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Bisket_Jatra_festival_2018_at_the_Nyatapola_temple%2C_Bhaktapur.jpg/330px-Bisket_Jatra_festival_2018_at_the_Nyatapola_temple%2C_Bhaktapur.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Bisket_Jatra_festival_2018_at_the_Nyatapola_temple%2C_Bhaktapur.jpg/500px-Bisket_Jatra_festival_2018_at_the_Nyatapola_temple%2C_Bhaktapur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Bisket_Jatra_festival_2018_at_the_Nyatapola_temple%2C_Bhaktapur.jpg/960px-Bisket_Jatra_festival_2018_at_the_Nyatapola_temple%2C_Bhaktapur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5504" data-file-height="3669" /></a><figcaption>Bisket Jatra, Bhaktapur, Nepal</figcaption></figure> <p>Vaisakhi is celebrated as Nepalese New Year because it is the day which marks the Hindu Solar New Year as per <a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a>, the Hindu Solar Calendar. Vaisakha is the first month in Nepalese Calendar. The idols of Goddess Thimi Kumari are carried out in palanquins and are taken around the city.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisakhi&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vaisakhi is celebrated by Hindu community and Indian & Nepalese diaspora in United States of America. Every year Nepalese Hindus gather up in traditional outsfits like kurtis and Nepalese caps to observe the Hindu Solar New Year.<sup id="cite_ref-indiatimes_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indiatimes-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bengali Hindu Community also celebrates its new year 'Pohela Baisakh' on this day. A Baisakhi Mela or fair is also held where Bengali handicrafts sessions are held.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bay Area Malayalee Association holds <a href="/wiki/Vishu" title="Vishu">Vishu</a> celebration (Kerala New Year). Event includes <a href="/wiki/Sadhya" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadhya">Sadhya</a> (Kerala-style feast) and cultural, cinematics and comedy programs, and end with a tea social.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tamil Community also celebrates New Year on this day as <a href="/wiki/Puthandu" title="Puthandu">Puthandu</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sikhism">Sikhism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisakhi&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Sikhism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sikh_fresco_art_depicting_the_creation_of_the_Khalsa_in_Anandpur_1699_on_Vaisakhi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Sikh_fresco_art_depicting_the_creation_of_the_Khalsa_in_Anandpur_1699_on_Vaisakhi.jpg/250px-Sikh_fresco_art_depicting_the_creation_of_the_Khalsa_in_Anandpur_1699_on_Vaisakhi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Sikh_fresco_art_depicting_the_creation_of_the_Khalsa_in_Anandpur_1699_on_Vaisakhi.jpg/330px-Sikh_fresco_art_depicting_the_creation_of_the_Khalsa_in_Anandpur_1699_on_Vaisakhi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Sikh_fresco_art_depicting_the_creation_of_the_Khalsa_in_Anandpur_1699_on_Vaisakhi.jpg/500px-Sikh_fresco_art_depicting_the_creation_of_the_Khalsa_in_Anandpur_1699_on_Vaisakhi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1289" data-file-height="963" /></a><figcaption>Sikh fresco art depicting the creation of the Khalsa in Anandpur 1699 on Vaisakhi</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Birthplace_of_Khalsa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Birthplace_of_Khalsa.jpg/250px-Birthplace_of_Khalsa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Birthplace_of_Khalsa.jpg/330px-Birthplace_of_Khalsa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Birthplace_of_Khalsa.jpg/500px-Birthplace_of_Khalsa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Birthplace of Khalsa</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output 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sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Sikhism" title="Category:Sikhism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background: #FFC600; padding:0.2em; font-size:140%;"><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khanda_(Sikh_symbol)" title="Khanda"><img alt="Khanda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/120px-Khanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/250px-Khanda.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="632" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="border-top:1px solid #FFC600;border-bottom:1px solid #FFC600;padding-bottom:.35em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikhs" title="Category:Sikhs">Topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Sikhism" title="Outline of Sikhism">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sikhism" title="History of Sikhism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Sikhism" title="Glossary of Sikhism">Glossary</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Sikh_gurus" title="Sikh gurus"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000">Sikh gurus</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Nanak" title="Guru Nanak">Guru Nanak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Angad" title="Guru Angad">Guru Angad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Amar_Das" title="Guru Amar Das">Guru Amar Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Ram_Das" title="Guru Ram Das">Guru Ram Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Arjan" title="Guru Arjan">Guru Arjan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Hargobind" title="Guru Hargobind">Guru Hargobind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Har_Rai" title="Guru Har Rai">Guru Har Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Har_Krishan" title="Guru Har Krishan">Guru Har Krishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Tegh_Bahadur" title="Guru Tegh Bahadur">Guru Tegh Bahadur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="Guru Gobind Singh">Guru Gobind Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Granth_Sahib" title="Guru Granth Sahib">Guru Granth Sahib</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Bhagat" title="Bhagat"> <span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000">Selected revered saints</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kabir" title="Kabir">Bhagat Kabir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Ravidas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhagat Ravidas">Bhagat Ravidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Farid" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhagat Farid">Bhagat Farid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Ramanand" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhagat Ramanand">Bhagat Ramanand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Beni" title="Bhagat Beni">Bhagat Beni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namdev" title="Namdev">Bhagat Namdev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Sadhana" title="Bhagat Sadhana">Bhagat Sadhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Bhikhan" title="Bhagat Bhikhan">Bhagat Bhikhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Parmanand" title="Bhagat Parmanand">Bhagat Parmanand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Sain" title="Bhagat Sain">Bhagat Sain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Dhanna" title="Bhagat Dhanna">Bhagat Dhanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Pipa" title="Bhagat Pipa">Bhagat Pipa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surdas" title="Surdas">Bhagat Surdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayadeva" title="Jayadeva">Bhagat Jaidev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Trilochan" title="Bhagat Trilochan">Bhagat Trilochan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Kalshar" title="Bhatt Kalshar">Bhatt Kalshar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Balh" title="Bhatt Balh">Bhatt Balh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Bhalh" title="Bhatt Bhalh">Bhatt Bhalh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Bhika" title="Bhatt Bhika">Bhatt Bhika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Gayand" title="Bhatt Gayand">Bhatt Gayand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Harbans" title="Bhatt Harbans">Bhatt Harbans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Jalap" title="Bhatt Jalap">Bhatt Jalap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Kirat" title="Bhatt Kirat">Bhatt Kirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Mathura" title="Bhatt Mathura">Bhatt Mathura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Nalh" title="Bhatt Nalh">Bhatt Nalh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Salh" title="Bhatt Salh">Bhatt Salh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Sunder" title="Baba Sunder">Baba Sundar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satta_Doom" title="Satta Doom">Satta Doom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balvand_Rai" title="Balvand Rai">Balvand Rai</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Sikh_religious_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh religious philosophy"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000">Philosophy</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Naam_Japo" title="Naam Japo">Naam Japo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirat_Karo" title="Kirat Karo"><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Kirat Karō</i></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vand_Chhako" title="Vand Chhako"><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Vand Chakkō</i></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charhdi_Kala" class="mw-redirect" title="Charhdi Kala"><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Charhdi Kalā</i></span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guru_Maneyo_Granth" title="Guru Maneyo Granth">Guru Maneyo Granth</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Thieves" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Thieves">Five Thieves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Virtues" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Virtues">Five Virtues</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_practices" title="Category:Sikh practices"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000">Practices</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Rehat_Maryada" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh Rehat Maryada">Sikh Rehat Maryada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibitions_in_Sikhism" title="Prohibitions in Sikhism">Prohibitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ard%C4%81s" title="Ardās">Ardās</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirtan" title="Kirtan">Kirtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amrit_Vel%C4%81" title="Amrit Velā">Amrit Velā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasvand" class="mw-redirect" title="Dasvand">Dasvand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Five_Ks" class="mw-redirect" title="The Five Ks">The Five Ks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langar_(Sikhism)" title="Langar (Sikhism)">Langar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seva_(Indian_religions)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seva (Indian religions)">Sewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simran" title="Simran">Simran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitnem" title="Nitnem">Nitnem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dastar" title="Dastar">Dastar</a> (Turban)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naam_Karan" title="Naam Karan">Naam Karan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amrit_Sanskar" title="Amrit Sanskar">Amrit Sanskar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anand_Karaj" title="Anand Karaj">Anand Karaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antam_Sanskar" title="Antam Sanskar">Antam Sanskar</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_scripture" title="Category:Sikh scripture"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000">Scripture</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Guru_Granth_Sahib" title="Guru Granth Sahib">Guru Granth Sahib</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dasam_Granth" title="Dasam Granth">Dasam Granth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sarbloh_Granth" title="Sarbloh Granth">Sarbloh Granth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Five_Banis" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Banis">Five Banis</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_places" title="Category:Sikh places"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000">Places</span></a> and <a href="/wiki/Panj_Takht" title="Panj Takht"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000">Takhts</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gurdwara" title="Gurdwara">Gurdwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmandir_Sahib" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmandir Sahib">Harmandir Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akal_Takht" title="Akal Takht">Akal Takht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takht_Sri_Keshgarh_Sahib" class="mw-redirect" title="Takht Sri Keshgarh Sahib">Keshgarh Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takht_Sri_Damdama_Sahib" title="Takht Sri Damdama Sahib">Damdama Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takht_Sri_Patna_Sahib" title="Takht Sri Patna Sahib">Patna Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takht_Sri_Hazur_Sahib" class="mw-redirect" title="Takht Sri Hazur Sahib">Hazur Sahib</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikhism" title="Category:Sikhism">General topics</a></span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Culture24" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sikh_culture" title="Sikh culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-_ODDEVEN_" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_literature" title="Category:Sikh literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_music" title="Category:Sikh music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_names" title="Sikh names">Names</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ik_Onkar" title="Ik Onkar">Ik Onkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalsa" title="Khalsa">Khalsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waheguru" title="Waheguru">Waheguru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panj_Pyare" title="Panj Pyare">Panj Pyare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirgun_and_Sargun_(Sikhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nirgun and Sargun (Sikhism)">Nirgun and Sargun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanda_(Sikh_symbol)" title="Khanda (Sikh symbol)">Khanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Sikhism" title="Criticism of Sikhism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jathedar_of_Akal_Takht" class="mw-redirect" title="Jathedar of Akal Takht">Jathedar of Akal Takht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharamyudh_(Sikhism)" title="Dharamyudh (Sikhism)">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sects_of_Sikhism" title="Sects of Sikhism">Sects</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000">Sikhism and other religions</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Sikhism" title="Hinduism and Sikhism">Sikhism and Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_Sikhism" title="Islam and Sikhism">Sikhism and Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_and_Sikhism" title="Jainism and Sikhism">Sikhism and Jainism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="border-top:1px solid #FFC600;border-bottom:1px solid #FFC600;padding-bottom:0.4em;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/20px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/40px-P_religion_world.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sikhism_sidebar" title="Template:Sikhism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sikhism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Sikhism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sikhism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sikhism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Vaisakhi</b> (Punjabi: ਵੈਸਾਖੀ , <i>vaisākhī</i>, is also known as <i>Baisākhī</i>), is a very important day for Sikhs and one of the most colourful events in the Sikh calendar. It occurs during mid-April every year and traditionally in Punjab, the festival corresponds with the first harvesting of the crops for the year. Historically, the festival has been a very joyous occasion and a time for celebration. However, since 1699, it has marked the very significant religious event of the creation of the Khalsa Panth.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vaisakhi falls on the first day of the Vaisakh month and marks the sun's entry to the Mesha Rasi (<a href="/wiki/Mesha_Sankranti" title="Mesha Sankranti">Mesha Sankranti</a>) marking the solar transition to Aries. The day is also described as a sacred festival for Sikhs in India as it marks the birth of the Khalsa. </p><p>The significance of Vaisakhi as a Sikh religious festival started after the execution of <a href="/wiki/Guru_Tegh_Bahadur" title="Guru Tegh Bahadur">Guru Tegh Bahadur</a> for refusing to convert to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> under the orders of the Mughal Emperor <a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a>. This triggered the ascension of <a href="/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="Guru Gobind Singh">Guru Gobind Singh</a>, the tenth Guru of Sikhism, who subsequently inaugurated the <a href="/wiki/Khalsa" title="Khalsa">Khalsa</a> on Vaisakhi of 1699.<sup id="cite_ref-Seiple_2013_96_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seiple_2013_96-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SinghFenech2014p236_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SinghFenech2014p236-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Harkirat_S._Hansra_2007_28–29_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harkirat_S._Hansra_2007_28–29-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bakshi208_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bakshi208-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The increased persecution of Sikhs by Mughal authorities followed a period of increasing strength of the Sikh movement in the <a href="/wiki/Malwa_(Punjab)" title="Malwa (Punjab)">Malwa</a> region of Punjab during the period of Guru Tegh Bahadur, which would lead to his execution and the resulting foundation of the Khalsa by Guru Gobind Singh,<sup id="cite_ref-SinghFenech2014p236_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SinghFenech2014p236-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to defend religious freedoms.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gandhi_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gandhi-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This gave Vaisakhi the added dimension of being observed as a celebration of the formation of the Khalsa, and is also known as Khalsa Sirjana Divas<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or Khalsa Sajna Divas.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Birth of the Khalsa Panth was on 30 March 1699.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later, <a href="/wiki/Ranjit_Singh" title="Ranjit Singh">Ranjit Singh</a> was proclaimed as <a href="/wiki/Maharaja" title="Maharaja">Maharaja</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a> on 12 April 1801 (to coincide with Vaisakhi), creating a unified political state, with Sahib Singh Bedi, a descendant of <a href="/wiki/Guru_Nanak" title="Guru Nanak">Guru Nanak</a>, conducting the coronation.<sup id="cite_ref-eosranjit_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eosranjit-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vaisakhi is celebrated in much the same way as <a href="/wiki/Gurpurab" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurpurab">Gurpurab</a>, or a Guru's birthday anniversary, with <a href="/wiki/Gurdwaras" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurdwaras">gurdwaras</a> being decorated and attended by Sikhs who listen to <i><a href="/wiki/Kirtan" title="Kirtan">kirtan</a></i> and religious discourses there. Many Sikhs also choose to be inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Khalsa" title="Khalsa">Khalsa</a> order on this day. After the prayers, <i><a href="/wiki/Karah_Parshad" title="Karah Parshad">karah parshad</a></i> is then served to the congregation, and the function ends with a <i><a href="/wiki/Langar_(Sikhism)" title="Langar (Sikhism)">langar</a></i>, or community lunch. The festival is marked with a <i>nagar kirtan</i> street procession headed by a group of <i><a href="/wiki/Panj_Pyare" title="Panj Pyare">Panj Pyare</a></i> representatives, and music, singing, and chanting scriptures are part of the celebration. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Punjab_2">Punjab</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisakhi&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Punjab"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gatka_at_Yuba_City.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Gatka_at_Yuba_City.jpg/250px-Gatka_at_Yuba_City.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Gatka_at_Yuba_City.jpg/330px-Gatka_at_Yuba_City.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="453" /></a><figcaption>Gatka</figcaption></figure> <p>Fairs and melas are held in many places in Punjab to celebrate the formation of the Khalsa. According to Dogra and Dogra (2003), "an annual fair is held at Takht Kesgarh Sahib on Baisakhi day".<sup id="cite_ref-Dogra_2003_Page_49_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dogra_2003_Page_49-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A procession is lead through the city of Anandpur to mark the occasion. Other important places where large gatherings take place are Harmandar Sahib, Amritsar and Takht Sri Damdama Sahib, Talwandi Sabo.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A special celebration takes place at <a href="/wiki/Talwandi_Sabo" title="Talwandi Sabo">Talwandi Sabo</a> (where <a href="/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="Guru Gobind Singh">Guru Gobind Singh</a> stayed for nine months and completed the recompilation of the <a href="/wiki/Guru_Granth_Sahib" title="Guru Granth Sahib">Guru Granth Sahib</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/Gurudwara" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurudwara">Gurudwara</a> at <a href="/wiki/Anandpur_Sahib" title="Anandpur Sahib">Anandpur Sahib</a> the birthplace of the <a href="/wiki/Khalsa" title="Khalsa">Khalsa</a>, and at the <a href="/wiki/Harmandir_Sahib" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmandir Sahib">Golden Temple</a> in <a href="/wiki/Amritsar" title="Amritsar">Amritsar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kothe-da-mela.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Kothe-da-mela.jpg/250px-Kothe-da-mela.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Kothe-da-mela.jpg/330px-Kothe-da-mela.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Kothe-da-mela.jpg/500px-Kothe-da-mela.jpg 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="461" /></a><figcaption>Vaisakhi <i>mela</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Vaisakhi is a harvest festival for people of <a href="/wiki/North_India" title="North India">Northern India.</a><sup id="cite_ref-books.google.co.uk_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.co.uk-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chander and Dogra (2003) state that in Punjab, Vaisakhi marks the ripening of the <a href="/wiki/Rabi_crop" title="Rabi crop">rabi</a> harvest.<sup id="cite_ref-Dogra_2003_Page_49_125-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dogra_2003_Page_49-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Dhillon (2015), in Punjab, this day is observed as a thanksgiving day by farmers whereby farmers pay their tribute, thanking God for the abundant harvest and also praying for future prosperity.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The harvest festival is celebrated by Hindus and Sikhs.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Punjab, historically, during the early 20th century, Vaisakhi was a sacred day for Hindus and Sikhs and a secular festival for all Muslims and Christians.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In modern times, sometimes Christians in Punjab participate in Baisakhi celebrations along with Hindus and Sikhs.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The harvest festival is also characterized by the folk dance, <a href="/wiki/Bhangra_(dance)" title="Bhangra (dance)">Bhangra</a> which traditionally is a harvest dance. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Aawat_pauni" title="Aawat pauni">Aawat pauni</a> is a tradition associated with harvesting in the Punjab, which involves people getting together to harvest the wheat.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Himachal_Pradesh_2">Himachal Pradesh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisakhi&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Himachal Pradesh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A large number of Sikhs visit Paonta Sahib on the festival of Vaisakhi.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Sahi (1999), Paonta Sahib "was the abode of Guru Gobind Singh Ji for a couple of years."<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paanta Sahib Gurdwara is in <a href="/wiki/Sirmaur_district" title="Sirmaur district">Sirmaur district</a> in <a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a>. The site is located near the river Yamuna. The tricentenary celebrations to mark the birth of the Khalsa were started from Paanta Sahib Gurdwara in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jammu_2">Jammu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisakhi&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Jammu"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nangali_Sahib.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Nangali_Sahib.jpg/150px-Nangali_Sahib.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Nangali_Sahib.jpg/225px-Nangali_Sahib.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Nangali_Sahib.jpg/300px-Nangali_Sahib.jpg 2x" data-file-width="823" data-file-height="511" /></a><figcaption>Nangali Sahib</figcaption></figure> <p>Gurdwara Dera Nangali Sahib in Jammu was established in 1803. The Gurdwara is situated in the Poonch district of Jammu. An annual gathering takes place at the gurdwara on the on Baisakhi when many people participate in the day-long function of Baisakhi.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dera Nangali Sahib is known as a centre for Sikhism in Jammu.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The other important gurdwara is the Dera Baba Banda which is dedicated to Banda Bahadur. The gurdwara is located near Reasi.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baisakhi celebrations take place at this Dera.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kashmir">Kashmir</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisakhi&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Kashmir"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gurdwara_Chatti_Patshahi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Gurdwara_Chatti_Patshahi.jpg/250px-Gurdwara_Chatti_Patshahi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Gurdwara_Chatti_Patshahi.jpg/330px-Gurdwara_Chatti_Patshahi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Gurdwara_Chatti_Patshahi.jpg/500px-Gurdwara_Chatti_Patshahi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Gurdwara Chatti Patshahi</figcaption></figure> <p>Sikhs in Kashmir celebrate Vaisakhi as a religious festival to mark the foundation of the Khalsa. Unlike in the North Indian plains where Vaisalhi is also associated with harvesting, Sikhs in Kashmir mark the day when Guru Gobind Singh baptised the <a href="/wiki/Panj_Pyare" title="Panj Pyare">Panj Pyare</a>. Bajan Keertans are held in all gurdwaras in Kashmir. However, the main celebration takes place at Chatti Pathshahi Gurdwara in Rainawari. Sikhs will visit friends and family in Vaisakhi. People will wear special clothes and prepare special food to mark the festival. Sikhs will also visit the gardens and markets. The mode of celebration is believed to be different to the way the festival is celebrated elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nihang">Nihang</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisakhi&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Nihang"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gatka_du_sikh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Gatka_du_sikh.jpg/250px-Gatka_du_sikh.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Gatka_du_sikh.jpg/330px-Gatka_du_sikh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2303" data-file-height="2403" /></a><figcaption>Gatka by Nihangs</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b><a href="/wiki/Nihang" title="Nihang">Nihang</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a>: <span lang="pa">ਨਿਹੰਗ</span>) or <b>Akali</b> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">the immortals</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) is an armed <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikh</a> warrior order originating in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nihang are believed to have originated either from <a href="/wiki/Fateh_Singh_(Sikhism)" title="Fateh Singh (Sikhism)">Fateh Singh</a> and the attire he wore<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or from the "<a href="/wiki/Akal_Sena" title="Akal Sena">Akali Dal</a>" (lit. Army of the Immortal) started by <a href="/wiki/Guru_Hargobind" title="Guru Hargobind">Guru Hargobind</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early Sikh military history was dominated by the Nihang, known for their victories where they were heavily outnumbered. Traditionally known for their bravery and ruthlessness in the battlefield, the Nihang once formed the irregular guerrilla squads of the armed forces of the <a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sikh_Khalsa_Army" title="Sikh Khalsa Army">Sikh Khalsa Army</a>. </p><p>Nihangs mark Vaisakhi in their own unique manner. They will engage in martial arts and participate in Gatkas. They will also exhibit displays of horsemanship. According to Singh and Fenech (2014), Nihangs will move to the city of Amritsar on Vaisakhi day.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sikh_celebrations_outside_India">Sikh celebrations outside India</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisakhi&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Sikh celebrations outside India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Celebration around the world</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:118px;max-width:118px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:84px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vaisakhi1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Vaisakhi1.jpg/120px-Vaisakhi1.jpg" decoding="async" width="116" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Vaisakhi1.jpg/250px-Vaisakhi1.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="327" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">A depiction of <a href="/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="Guru Gobind Singh">Guru Gobind Singh</a> initiating the first five members of the <a href="/wiki/Khalsa" title="Khalsa">Khalsa</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:130px;max-width:130px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:84px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Panj_Pyare,_leading_a_procession.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Panj_Pyare%2C_leading_a_procession.jpg/250px-Panj_Pyare%2C_leading_a_procession.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Panj_Pyare%2C_leading_a_procession.jpg/330px-Panj_Pyare%2C_leading_a_procession.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="678" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">The <a href="/wiki/Panj_Pyare" title="Panj Pyare">Panj Pyare</a> at Vaisakhi 2007 <a href="/wiki/Wolverhampton" title="Wolverhampton">Wolverhampton</a>, UK</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:87px;max-width:87px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:127px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vaisakhi_2012_London_-_22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Vaisakhi_2012_London_-_22.jpg/120px-Vaisakhi_2012_London_-_22.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Vaisakhi_2012_London_-_22.jpg/250px-Vaisakhi_2012_London_-_22.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3211" data-file-height="4848" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Vaisakhi at <a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_Square" title="Trafalgar Square">Trafalgar Square</a>, London</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:161px;max-width:161px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:127px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vaisakhi_2012_London_-_21.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Vaisakhi_2012_London_-_21.jpg/250px-Vaisakhi_2012_London_-_21.jpg" decoding="async" width="159" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Vaisakhi_2012_London_-_21.jpg/330px-Vaisakhi_2012_London_-_21.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4080" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Vaisakhi 2012 at <a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_Square" title="Trafalgar Square">Trafalgar Square</a>, London</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:124px;max-width:124px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:81px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vaisakhi_2012_London_-_23.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vaisakhi_2012_London_-_23.jpg/250px-Vaisakhi_2012_London_-_23.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="81" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4834" data-file-height="3202" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Vaisakhi 2012 at <a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_Square" title="Trafalgar Square">Trafalgar Square</a>, London</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:124px;max-width:124px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:81px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vaisakhi_Sikh_festival_in_Birmingham_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Vaisakhi_Sikh_festival_in_Birmingham_2013.jpg/250px-Vaisakhi_Sikh_festival_in_Birmingham_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="81" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4544" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Vaisakhi celebrations in Birmingham</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:124px;max-width:124px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:80px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Panj_Pyare,_leading_a_procession.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Panj_Pyare%2C_leading_a_procession.jpg/250px-Panj_Pyare%2C_leading_a_procession.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="81" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="678" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">The <a href="/wiki/Panj_Pyare" title="Panj Pyare">Panj Pyare</a> at Vaisakhi 2007 <a href="/wiki/Wolverhampton" title="Wolverhampton">Wolverhampton</a>, UK</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:124px;max-width:124px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:80px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dessert_on_tray.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Dessert_on_tray.jpg/250px-Dessert_on_tray.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="81" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="466" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Jalebi" title="Jalebi">Jalebiyan</a> being served at Vaisakhi Day, 11 April 2009, <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a> Canada</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:131px;max-width:131px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:86px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Airplane-mobile.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Airplane-mobile.jpg/250px-Airplane-mobile.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Airplane-mobile.jpg/330px-Airplane-mobile.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="333" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">2009 <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a> Sikh Vaisakhi parade</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:117px;max-width:117px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:86px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sikh_Motorcycle_Club_at_Vaisakhi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Sikh_Motorcycle_Club_at_Vaisakhi.jpg/115px-Sikh_Motorcycle_Club_at_Vaisakhi.jpg" decoding="async" width="115" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Sikh_Motorcycle_Club_at_Vaisakhi.jpg/173px-Sikh_Motorcycle_Club_at_Vaisakhi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Sikh_Motorcycle_Club_at_Vaisakhi.jpg/230px-Sikh_Motorcycle_Club_at_Vaisakhi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Sikh Motorcycle Club at Vaisakhi 2007 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:105px;max-width:105px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:77px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sikh_Motorcycle_Club_at_Vaisakhi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Sikh_Motorcycle_Club_at_Vaisakhi.jpg/103px-Sikh_Motorcycle_Club_at_Vaisakhi.jpg" decoding="async" width="103" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Sikh_Motorcycle_Club_at_Vaisakhi.jpg/155px-Sikh_Motorcycle_Club_at_Vaisakhi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Sikh_Motorcycle_Club_at_Vaisakhi.jpg/206px-Sikh_Motorcycle_Club_at_Vaisakhi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Sikh Motorcycle Club at Vaisakhi 2007 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:143px;max-width:143px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:77px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vaisakhi_fair_mela_in_Surrey_Canada.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Vaisakhi_fair_mela_in_Surrey_Canada.jpg/250px-Vaisakhi_fair_mela_in_Surrey_Canada.jpg" decoding="async" width="141" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Vaisakhi_fair_mela_in_Surrey_Canada.jpg/330px-Vaisakhi_fair_mela_in_Surrey_Canada.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="551" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">2012 Vaisakhi festival in Surrey, British Columbia, Canada</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:123px;max-width:123px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:81px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vaisakhi_Day_Celebration_(8651688584).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Vaisakhi_Day_Celebration_%288651688584%29.jpg/250px-Vaisakhi_Day_Celebration_%288651688584%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="121" height="81" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="920" data-file-height="619" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">A band performs at Vaisakhi day celebrations in Kuala Lumpur (2013)</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:125px;max-width:125px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:81px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vaisakhi_parade_2017_(33217388724).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Vaisakhi_parade_2017_%2833217388724%29.jpg/250px-Vaisakhi_parade_2017_%2833217388724%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="123" height="82" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Vaisakhi 2017, Punjabi Market, Vancouver</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pakistan_2">Pakistan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisakhi&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Pakistan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pakistan has many sites that are of historic importance to the Sikh faith, such as the birthplace of Guru Nanak. These sites attract pilgrims from India and abroad every year on Vaisakhi.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pakistan used to have many more Sikhs, but a vast majority moved to India during the 1947 India-Pakistan partition. Contemporary Pakistan has about 20,000 Sikhs in a total population of about 200 million Pakistanis, or about 0.01%.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These Sikhs, and thousands more who arrive from other parts of the world for pilgrimage, observe Vaisakhi in <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Western Punjab</a> (Pakistan) with festivities centered on the <a href="/wiki/Panja_Sahib" class="mw-redirect" title="Panja Sahib">Panja Sahib</a> complex in <a href="/wiki/Hasan_Abdal" title="Hasan Abdal">Hasan Abdal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gurudwara" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurudwara">Gurudwaras</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nankana_Sahib" title="Nankana Sahib">Nankana Sahib</a>, and in various historical sites in <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In western Punjab, Punjabi Muslims used to celebrate Baisakhi as a harvest festival, but Islamist policies of Zia-ul-Haq led to the ending of its observance, becoming solely viewed as a Sikh celebration rather than a pan-Punjabi one.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Aziz-ud-din Ahmed, <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a> used to have Baisakhi Mela after the harvesting of the wheat crop in April. However, adds Ahmed, the city started losing its cultural vibrancy in 1970s after Zia-ul-Haq came to power, and in recent years "the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">Pakistan Muslim League (N)</a> government in Punjab banned kite flying through an official edict more under the pressure of those who want a puritanical version of Islam to be practiced in the name of religion than anything else".<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike the Indian state of Punjab that recognizes the Vaisakhi Sikh festival as an official holiday,<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the festival is not an official holiday in Punjab or Sindh provinces of Pakistan as Sikhs constitute a very small number in terms of population.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2010, the Federal Ministry of Minorities in Pakistan announced that Baisakhi would be officially recognized as a holiday.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Pakistani government welcomes Sikh pilgrims from India to celebrate Baisakhi within its borders.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisakhi&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="British_Columbia">British Columbia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisakhi&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: British Columbia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">Province of British Columbia</a>, large, local Sikh communities in the cities of <a href="/wiki/Vancouver,_British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Vancouver, British Columbia">Vancouver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abbotsford,_British_Columbia" title="Abbotsford, British Columbia">Abbotsford</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Surrey,_British_Columbia" title="Surrey, British Columbia">Surrey</a> hold their annual Vaisakhi celebrations in April,<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which include two <a href="/wiki/Nagar_Kirtan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagar Kirtan">Nagar Kirtan</a> (parades). </p><p>In Vancouver, the parade was first held in 1979 and is the largest annual single-day festival in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-vancouversbestplaces.com_164-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vancouversbestplaces.com-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The parade starts at Ross Street Temple<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and makes its way through the traditional <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Market,_Vancouver" title="Punjabi Market, Vancouver">Punjabi Market</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Sunset,_Vancouver" title="Sunset, Vancouver">Sunset neighbourhood</a> of South Vancouver,<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> attracting up to 300,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-vancouversbestplaces.com_164-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vancouversbestplaces.com-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One week later, the festival in Surrey is one of the largest such celebrations outside of India, having attracted over 200,000 people in 2014,<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> over 350,000 in 2015, and approached 400,000 in 2016. The 2017 attendance in Surrey reportedly topped 400,000, causing organizers to consider future distribution of the festival over several days and local cities, particularly in areas of economic disadvantage which would benefit from the generous charitable efforts seen during Vaisakhi celebrations.<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Record attendance was again experienced in April 2018 in the 20th annual Surrey Vaisakhi parade, with the <a href="/wiki/RCMP" class="mw-redirect" title="RCMP">RCMP</a> officially estimating the crowd at over half a million people in a city with a 2016 census population of 517,887.<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starting at the Gurdwara Dashmesh Darbar Temple (12885 85th Avenue in Surrey), the parade features a variety of floats, community groups, free food, live music and dancers and performers, and travels along 124th Street, turns left onto 75th Avenue, continues on 76th Avenue, onto 128th Street, then back to the Temple.<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kelowna" title="Kelowna">Kelowna</a>'s annual Vaisakhi parade is held a week after Surrey's parade each year and begins and ends at the Sikh Temple on Rutland Road.<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Greater_Victoria" title="Greater Victoria">Victoria</a>'s all-day Vaisakhi celebration features a parade that begins and ends at Gurdwara Singh Sabha, 470 Cecelia Road. The 2018 celebrations on 29 April would be the first held in Victoria in over 100 years.<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ontario">Ontario</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisakhi&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Ontario"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Province of Ontario</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> Vaisakhi Parade is held in April, starting at the Canadian National Exhibition grounds and traveling east to Toronto City Hall, finishing almost three hours later. Following the parade, dignitaries address the gathering until late afternoon.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the city of <a href="/wiki/Brampton" title="Brampton">Brampton</a>, the Gurudwara Sikh Sangat temple and Gobind Sarvar Gurmat School hold Vaisakhi cultural events such as yoga, pagh (turban) tying, storytelling, and food fairs.<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the city of <a href="/wiki/Malton,_Mississauga" title="Malton, Mississauga">Malton</a>, a three-hour Nagar Kirtan parade winds from Morning Star, Goreway, Derry Rd, & Airport Rd to Malton Gurdwara Sahib. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Prairies">Prairies</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisakhi&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Prairies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Province of Alberta</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Edmonton" title="Edmonton">Edmonton</a> Vaisakhi parade is held in May and travels between the Gurdwara Singh Sabha (4504 Millwoods Road S) & Gurdwara Millwoods (2606 Millwoods Road E) temples.<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Province of Saskatchewan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Saskatoon" title="Saskatoon">Saskatoon</a> Vaisakhi parade is held in May, starting and ending at the Gurudwara Sahib Temple at 331 Lowe Road.<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Atlantic">Atlantic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisakhi&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Atlantic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Province of Nova Scotia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia" title="Halifax, Nova Scotia">Halifax</a>-based Maritime Sikh Society holds Vaisakhi celebrations in April featuring <a href="/wiki/Sikh_music" title="Sikh music">Shabad Kirtan</a> performed by professional ragis (musicians).<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisakhi&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> has a large Sikh community originating from the Indian sub-continent, <a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East Africa</a><sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>. The largest concentrations of <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikhs</a> in the UK are to be found in the West Midlands (especially <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wolverhampton" title="Wolverhampton">Wolverhampton</a>) and <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Southall <a href="/wiki/Nagar_Kirtan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagar Kirtan">Nagar Kirtan</a> is held on a Sunday a week or two before Vaisakhi. The Birmingham Nagar Kirtan is held in late April in association with Birmingham City Council,<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is an annual event attracting thousands of people which commences with two separate nagar kirtans setting off from <a href="/wiki/Gurdwara" title="Gurdwara">gurdwaras</a> in the city and culminating in the Vaisakhi <a href="/wiki/Mela" class="mw-redirect" title="Mela">Mela</a> at Handsworth Park.<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States_2">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisakhi&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Amongst Sikh populations in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, there is usually a parade commemorating the Vaisakhi celebration. In <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a><sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> people come out to do "<a href="/wiki/Selfless_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Selfless service">Seva</a>" (selfless service) such as giving out free food, and completing any other labor that needs to be done. In <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles, California">Los Angeles, California</a>, the local Sikh community consisting of many <a href="/wiki/Gurdwara" title="Gurdwara">gurdwaras</a><sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> holds a full day Kirtan (spiritual music) program followed by a parade. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malaysia">Malaysia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisakhi&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Malaysia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Sikh community, a subgroup of the <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Indian">Malaysian Indian</a> ethnic minority race, is an <a href="/wiki/Ethnoreligious" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnoreligious">ethnoreligious</a> minority in Malaysia, which is why Vaisakhi is not a public holiday. However, in line with the government's efforts to promote integration among the country's different ethnic and religious groups, has announced that beginning 2013, all government servants from the Sikh <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Indian">Malaysian Indian</a> community will be given a day off on Vaisakhi Day.<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vaisakhi 'open houses' are also held across the country during the day of the festival, or the closest weekend to it. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Buddhism">Buddhism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisakhi&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Buddhism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The new year falls on or about the same day every year for many Buddhist communities in parts of South and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>. This is likely an influence of their shared culture in the 1st millennium CE.<sup id="cite_ref-PechilisRaj2013p48_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PechilisRaj2013p48-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some examples include: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sangken" title="Sangken">Sangken</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a> and parts of Assam, India</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_New_Year" title="Sinhalese New Year">Aluth Avuruthu</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-reeves174_107-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reeves174-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_New_Year" title="Cambodian New Year">Chol Chnam Thmey</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Songkran_(Lao)" class="mw-redirect" title="Songkran (Lao)">Pi Mai</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Songkran_(Thailand)" title="Songkran (Thailand)">Songkran</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thingyan" title="Thingyan">Thingyan</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Water-Sprinkling_Festival" title="Water-Sprinkling Festival">Water-Sprinkling Festival</a></i>, celebrated by the Dai people in <a href="/wiki/Xishuangbanna" class="mw-redirect" title="Xishuangbanna">Sipsongpanna</a> in <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>, China</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="As_a_harvest_festival">As a harvest festival</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisakhi&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: As a harvest festival"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vaisakhi is a harvest festival for people of <a href="/wiki/North_India" title="North India">Northern India.</a><sup id="cite_ref-books.google.co.uk_129-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.co.uk-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chander and Dogra (2003) state that in Punjab, Vaisakhi marks the ripening of the <a href="/wiki/Rabi_crop" title="Rabi crop">rabi</a> harvest.<sup id="cite_ref-Dogra_2003_Page_49_125-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dogra_2003_Page_49-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vaisakhi, the Hindu Solar new year, also marks the Nepalese, Punjabi and Bengali New year.<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fairs or <i>Melas</i> (fair) are held in many parts of <a href="/wiki/North_India" title="North India">North India</a> to mark the new year and the harvesting season. Vaisakhi fairs take place in various places, including <a href="/wiki/Jammu" title="Jammu">Jammu</a> City, Kathua, Udhampur, Reasi and Samba,<sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the Pinjore complex near <a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a> cities of Rewalsar, Shimla, Mandi and Prashar Lakes. According to Ann Louise Wood, Vaisakhi is a festival that is celebrated by the Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims of Punjab.<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisakhi&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jallianwala_Bagh_massacre" title="Jallianwala Bagh massacre">Jallianwala Bagh massacre</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gudi_Padwa" title="Gudi Padwa">Gudi Padwa</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nowruz" title="Nowruz">Nowruz</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisakhi&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On 8 April 2016, Punjabi Parchar at Alhamra (Lahore) organised a show called Visakhi mela, where the speakers pledged to "continue our struggle to keep the Punjabi culture alive" in Pakistan through events such as Visakhi Mela.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elsewhere Besakhi fairs or melas are held in various places including <a href="/wiki/Eminabad" title="Eminabad">Eminabad</a><sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Dera_Ghazi_Khan" title="Dera Ghazi Khan">Dera Ghazi Khan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisakhi&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Baisakhi_Festival-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Baisakhi_Festival_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baisakhi_Festival_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baisakhi_Festival_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allindianfestivals.in/baisakhi-festival/">"Baisakhi Festival"</a>. 16 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Baisakhi+Festival&rft.date=2022-02-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allindianfestivals.in%2Fbaisakhi-festival%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PechilisRaj2013p48-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PechilisRaj2013p48_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PechilisRaj2013p48_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PechilisRaj2013p48_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PechilisRaj2013p48_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PechilisRaj2013p48_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PechilisRaj2013p48_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PechilisRaj2013p48_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PechilisRaj2013p48_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKaren_PechilisSelva_J._Raj2013" class="citation book cs1">Karen Pechilis; Selva J. Raj (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kaubzRxh-U0C&pg=PA48"><i>South Asian Religions: Tradition and Today</i></a>. Routledge. pp. <span class="nowrap">48–</span>49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-44851-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-44851-2"><bdi>978-0-415-44851-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=South+Asian+Religions%3A+Tradition+and+Today&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E48-%3C%2Fspan%3E49&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-415-44851-2&rft.au=Karen+Pechilis&rft.au=Selva+J.+Raj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkaubzRxh-U0C%26pg%3DPA48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gupta2006p998-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gupta2006p998_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gupta2006p998_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gupta2006p998_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFK.R._GuptaAmita_Gupta2006" class="citation book cs1">K.R. Gupta; Amita Gupta (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9dNOT9iYxcMC&pg=PA998"><i>Concise Encyclopaedia of India</i></a>. Atlantic Publishers. p. 998. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-269-0639-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-269-0639-0"><bdi>978-81-269-0639-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concise+Encyclopaedia+of+India&rft.pages=998&rft.pub=Atlantic+Publishers&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-81-269-0639-0&rft.au=K.R.+Gupta&rft.au=Amita+Gupta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9dNOT9iYxcMC%26pg%3DPA998&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbcv2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbcv2_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbcv2_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/holydays/vaisakhi.shtml">"Vaisakhi and the Khalsa"</a>. <i>bbc.com</i>. BBC Religions (2009).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bbc.com&rft.atitle=Vaisakhi+and+the+Khalsa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Freligion%2Freligions%2Fsikhism%2Fholydays%2Fvaisakhi.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ColeSambhi1995p63-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ColeSambhi1995p63_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Owen_ColePiara_Singh_Sambhi1995" class="citation book cs1">William Owen Cole; Piara Singh Sambhi (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zIC_MgJ5RMUC&pg=PA63"><i>The Sikhs: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices</i></a>. Sussex Academic Press. p. 63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-898723-13-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-898723-13-4"><bdi>978-1-898723-13-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sikhs%3A+Their+Religious+Beliefs+and+Practices&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=Sussex+Academic+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-1-898723-13-4&rft.au=William+Owen+Cole&rft.au=Piara+Singh+Sambhi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzIC_MgJ5RMUC%26pg%3DPA63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>, <b>Quote:</b> "The Sikh new year, Vaisakhi, occurs at Sangrand in April, usually on the thirteenth day."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nepal-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nepal_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cg8iAQAAMAAJ&q=Nepalese+New+Year+baisakhi&pg=PA13"><i>International Commerce</i></a>. Bureau of International Maths olympiad Commerce. 1970.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Commerce&rft.pub=Bureau+of+International+Maths+olympiad+Commerce.&rft.date=1970&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dcg8iAQAAMAAJ%26q%3DNepalese%2BNew%2BYear%2Bbaisakhi%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMata2024" class="citation news cs1">Mata, William (9 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/vaisakhi-2024-sikh-hindu-dates-celebrate-events-b1072232.html">"Vaisakhi 2024: when is the Sikh and Hindu celebration, and how to celebrate in London's Trafalgar Square?"</a>. <i>Evening Standard</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evening+Standard&rft.atitle=Vaisakhi+2024%3A+when+is+the+Sikh+and+Hindu+celebration%2C+and+how+to+celebrate+in+London%27s+Trafalgar+Square%3F&rft.date=2024-04-09&rft.aulast=Mata&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.standard.co.uk%2Fnews%2Flondon%2Fvaisakhi-2024-sikh-hindu-dates-celebrate-events-b1072232.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.india.gov.in/calendar/calendar.php?date=2021-04">"April 2021 Official Central Government Holiday Calendar"</a>. Government of India<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=April+2021+Official+Central+Government+Holiday+Calendar&rft.pub=Government+of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.india.gov.in%2Fcalendar%2Fcalendar.php%3Fdate%3D2021-04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webindia123.com/HIMACHAL/festivals/basoa.htm">"Basoa of Himachal Pradesh, Festival of Himachal Pradesh, Fairs of Himachal Pradesh"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Basoa+of+Himachal+Pradesh%2C+Festival+of+Himachal+Pradesh%2C+Fairs+of+Himachal+Pradesh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.webindia123.com%2FHIMACHAL%2Ffestivals%2Fbasoa.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarjinder_Singh" class="citation book cs1">Harjinder Singh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bCReCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA2"><i>Vaisakhi</i></a>. Akaal Publishers. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vaisakhi&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Akaal+Publishers&rft.au=Harjinder+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbCReCAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/baisakhi-mela-at-udhampur-3">"Baisakhi Mela at Udhampur"</a>. <i>Daily Excelsior</i>. 14 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Excelsior&rft.atitle=Baisakhi+Mela+at+Udhampur&rft.date=2022-04-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailyexcelsior.com%2Fbaisakhi-mela-at-udhampur-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrown1992" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Alan (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/festivalsinworld0000unse/page/120/mode/2up?view=theater"><i>Festivals in World Religions</i></a>. Longman. p. 120. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780582361966" title="Special:BookSources/9780582361966"><bdi>9780582361966</bdi></a>. <q>In some north Indian states, including the Jammu Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab and Haryana, the solar New Year, which occurs at the spring equinox, is celebrated as a festival known as Vaisakhi.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Festivals+in+World+Religions&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780582361966&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffestivalsinworld0000unse%2Fpage%2F120%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fview%3Dtheater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Singh1998-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Singh1998_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarbans_Singh1998" class="citation book cs1">Harbans Singh (1 January 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XhXYAAAAMAAJ&q=nanakshahi+and+khalsa+calendars"><i>The Encyclopaedia of Sikhism: S-Z</i></a>. Publications Bureau. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7380-530-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7380-530-1"><bdi>978-81-7380-530-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Sikhism%3A+S-Z&rft.pub=Publications+Bureau&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.isbn=978-81-7380-530-1&rft.au=Harbans+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXhXYAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dnanakshahi%2Band%2Bkhalsa%2Bcalendars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRinehartRinehart2004" class="citation book cs1">Rinehart, Robin; Rinehart, Robert (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hMPYnfS_R90C&q=Vaisakhi+hindu&pg=PA139"><i>Contemporary Hinduism: Ritual, Culture, and Practice</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-905-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-905-8"><bdi>978-1-57607-905-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Hinduism%3A+Ritual%2C+Culture%2C+and+Practice&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-905-8&rft.aulast=Rinehart&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft.au=Rinehart%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhMPYnfS_R90C%26q%3DVaisakhi%2Bhindu%26pg%3DPA139&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKellyDresserRoss1993" class="citation book cs1">Kelly, Aidan A.; Dresser, Peter D.; Ross, Linda M. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wBcbAAAAYAAJ&q=Baisakhi+hindu"><i>Religious Holidays and Calendars: An Encyclopaedic Handbook</i></a>. Omnigraphics, Incorporated. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55888-348-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55888-348-2"><bdi>978-1-55888-348-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religious+Holidays+and+Calendars%3A+An+Encyclopaedic+Handbook&rft.pub=Omnigraphics%2C+Incorporated&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-1-55888-348-2&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=Aidan+A.&rft.au=Dresser%2C+Peter+D.&rft.au=Ross%2C+Linda+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwBcbAAAAYAAJ%26q%3DBaisakhi%2Bhindu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBowker2000" class="citation book cs1">Bowker, John (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780192800947/page/72/mode/2up?view=theater"><i>The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280094-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280094-7"><bdi>978-0-19-280094-7</bdi></a>. <q>The first day of the Hindu solar month Vaisakha (Apr-May), it is New Year's Day by the solar calendar of South and East India and a spring harvest festival in North and East India, celebrated with melas, dances, and folksongs.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Concise+Oxford+Dictionary+of+World+Religions&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-19-280094-7&rft.aulast=Bowker&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780192800947%2Fpage%2F72%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fview%3Dtheater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/basoa-baisakhi-the-new-year-festival-of-dogras/">"Basoa (Baisakhi)- The New Year Festival"</a>. 14 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Basoa+%28Baisakhi%29-+The+New+Year+Festival&rft.date=2023-04-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailyexcelsior.com%2Fbasoa-baisakhi-the-new-year-festival-of-dogras%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/dogri-a-language-of-historical-significance/">"Dogri - A language of historical significance"</a>. 27 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dogri+-+A+language+of+historical+significance&rft.date=2021-11-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailyexcelsior.com%2Fdogri-a-language-of-historical-significance%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bakshi208-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bakshi208_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bakshi208_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bakshi208_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bakshi208_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">S. R. Bakshi, Sita Ram Sharma, S. Gajnani (1998) Parkash Singh Badal: Chief Minister of Punjab. APH Publishing <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cyebnJdCFlEC&pg=PA208">pages 208–209</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LeeNadeau2011p1012-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LeeNadeau2011p1012_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJonathan_H._X._LeeKathleen_M._Nadeau2011" class="citation book cs1">Jonathan H. X. Lee; Kathleen M. Nadeau (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9BrfLWdeISoC&pg=PA1012"><i>Encyclopedia of Asian American Folklore and Folklife</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. pp. <span class="nowrap">1012–</span>1013. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-35066-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-35066-5"><bdi>978-0-313-35066-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Asian+American+Folklore+and+Folklife&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1012-%3C%2Fspan%3E1013&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-313-35066-5&rft.au=Jonathan+H.+X.+Lee&rft.au=Kathleen+M.+Nadeau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9BrfLWdeISoC%26pg%3DPA1012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Owen_ColePiara_Singh_Sambhi1995" class="citation book cs1">William Owen Cole; Piara Singh Sambhi (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zIC_MgJ5RMUC"><i>The Sikhs: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices</i></a>. Sussex Academic Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">135–</span>136. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-898723-13-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-898723-13-4"><bdi>978-1-898723-13-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sikhs%3A+Their+Religious+Beliefs+and+Practices&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E135-%3C%2Fspan%3E136&rft.pub=Sussex+Academic+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-1-898723-13-4&rft.au=William+Owen+Cole&rft.au=Piara+Singh+Sambhi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzIC_MgJ5RMUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Seiple_2013_96-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Seiple_2013_96_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Seiple_2013_96_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSeiple2013" class="citation book cs1">Seiple, Chris (2013). <i>The Routledge handbook of religion and security</i>. New York: Routledge. p. 96. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-66744-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-66744-9"><bdi>978-0-415-66744-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+handbook+of+religion+and+security&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=96&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-415-66744-9&rft.aulast=Seiple&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SinghFenech2014p236-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SinghFenech2014p236_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SinghFenech2014p236_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SinghFenech2014p236_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPashaura_SinghLouis_E._Fenech2014" class="citation book cs1">Pashaura Singh; Louis E. Fenech (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8I0NAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA236"><i>The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">236–</span>237. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-969930-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-969930-8"><bdi>978-0-19-969930-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Sikh+Studies&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E236-%3C%2Fspan%3E237&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-19-969930-8&rft.au=Pashaura+Singh&rft.au=Louis+E.+Fenech&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8I0NAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA236&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harkirat_S._Hansra_2007_28–29-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Harkirat_S._Hansra_2007_28–29_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harkirat_S._Hansra_2007_28–29_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarkirat_S._Hansra2007" class="citation book cs1">Harkirat S. Hansra (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RDlMUfGiEO8C&pg=PA28"><i>Liberty at Stake, Sikhs: the Most Visible</i></a>. iUniverse. pp. <span class="nowrap">28–</span>29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-595-43222-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-595-43222-6"><bdi>978-0-595-43222-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Liberty+at+Stake%2C+Sikhs%3A+the+Most+Visible&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E28-%3C%2Fspan%3E29&rft.pub=iUniverse&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-595-43222-6&rft.au=Harkirat+S.+Hansra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRDlMUfGiEO8C%26pg%3DPA28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eosranjit-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eosranjit_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eosranjit_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.learnpunjabi.org/eos/">The Encyclopaedia of Sikhism</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140508213214/http://www.learnpunjabi.org/eos/">Archived</a> 8 May 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, section <i>Sāhib Siṅgh Bedī, Bābā (1756–1834)</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/hinduism/holydays/vaisakhi.shtml">"BBC - Religions - Hinduism: Vaisakhi"</a>. <i>www.bbc.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bbc.co.uk&rft.atitle=BBC+-+Religions+-+Hinduism%3A+Vaisakhi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Freligion%2Freligions%2Fhinduism%2Fholydays%2Fvaisakhi.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFŚarmā1984" class="citation book cs1">Śarmā, Gautama (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A-PWAAAAMAAJ&q=baisakhi+procession+deity+himachal"><i>Folklore of Himachal Pradesh</i></a>. National Book Trust, India.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Folklore+of+Himachal+Pradesh&rft.pub=National+Book+Trust%2C+India&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=%C5%9Aarm%C4%81&rft.aufirst=Gautama&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA-PWAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dbaisakhi%2Bprocession%2Bdeity%2Bhimachal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOxtoby2007" class="citation book cs1">Oxtoby, Willard (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conciseintroduct00oxto/page/338/mode/2up?view=theater"><i>A Concise Introduction to World Religions</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">338–</span>339. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-542207-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-542207-8"><bdi>978-0-19-542207-8</bdi></a>. <q>Baisakhi, which is celebrated as New Year's day in India, follows a solar calendar and usually falls on 13 April. It began as a grain harvest festival for Hindus, but has acquired historical association for Sikhs.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Concise+Introduction+to+World+Religions&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E338-%3C%2Fspan%3E339&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-542207-8&rft.aulast=Oxtoby&rft.aufirst=Willard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconciseintroduct00oxto%2Fpage%2F338%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fview%3Dtheater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCush2012" class="citation book cs1">Cush, Denise (21 August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofhinduismdenisecush_269_f/page/915/mode/2up?view=theater"><i>Encyclopedia of Hinduism</i></a>. Taylor and Francis. p. 916. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135189792" title="Special:BookSources/9781135189792"><bdi>9781135189792</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Hinduism&rft.pages=916&rft.pub=Taylor+and+Francis&rft.date=2012-08-21&rft.isbn=9781135189792&rft.aulast=Cush&rft.aufirst=Denise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofhinduismdenisecush_269_f%2Fpage%2F915%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fview%3Dtheater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLochtefeld2002" class="citation book cs1">Lochtefeld, James (2002). <i>The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 1: A-M</i>. Rosen Publishing. p. 81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780823931798" title="Special:BookSources/9780823931798"><bdi>9780823931798</bdi></a>. <q>Baisakhi is celebrated mainly in the north, particularly in the state of Punjab and its surrounding regions. In the days when pilgrims still traveled through the Himalayas on foot, this festival marked the beginning of the Himalayan pilgrimage season; during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Baisakhi was the occasion for a great trading festival in the town of Haridwar, the gateway to the Himalayan shrines. Although this fair has long been eclipsed, Baisakhi is still the climactic bathing (snana) day for the Haridwar Kumbha Mela and Ardha Kumbha Mela, each of which is a bathing festival that occurs about every twelve years when Jupiter is in the sign of Aquarius (for the Kumbha Mela) or Leo (for the Ardha Kumbha Mela).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Illustrated+Encyclopedia+of+Hinduism%2C+Vol.+1%3A+A-M&rft.pages=81&rft.pub=Rosen+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780823931798&rft.aulast=Lochtefeld&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCole2004" class="citation book cs1">Cole, W. Owen (26 August 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KVhwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT55"><i>Understanding Sikhism</i></a>. Dunedin Academic Press Ltd. p. 55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-906716-91-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-906716-91-2"><bdi>978-1-906716-91-2</bdi></a>. <q>Sikhs were also instructed to assemble wherever the Guru happened to be at the Hindu spring festival of Vaisakhi (or Baisakhi), and in the autumn, at Diwali.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Sikhism&rft.pages=55&rft.pub=Dunedin+Academic+Press+Ltd&rft.date=2004-08-26&rft.isbn=978-1-906716-91-2&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=W.+Owen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKVhwDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT55&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRinehart2004" class="citation book cs1">Rinehart, Robin (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hMPYnfS_R90C&pg=PA139"><i>Contemporary Hinduism: Ritual, Culture, and Practice</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 139. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-905-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-905-8"><bdi>978-1-57607-905-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Hinduism%3A+Ritual%2C+Culture%2C+and+Practice&rft.pages=139&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-905-8&rft.aulast=Rinehart&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhMPYnfS_R90C%26pg%3DPA139&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roy2005p479-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Roy2005p479_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roy2005p479_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roy2005p479_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChristian_Roy2005" class="citation book cs1">Christian Roy (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IKqOUfqt4cIC&pg=PA479"><i>Traditional Festivals: A Multicultural Encyclopedia</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. pp. <span class="nowrap">479–</span>480. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-089-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-089-5"><bdi>978-1-57607-089-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Traditional+Festivals%3A+A+Multicultural+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E479-%3C%2Fspan%3E480&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-089-5&rft.au=Christian+Roy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIKqOUfqt4cIC%26pg%3DPA479&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKnott2016" class="citation book cs1">Knott, Kim (25 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kXheCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT80"><i>Hinduism: A Very Short Introduction</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 80. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-106271-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-106271-1"><bdi>978-0-19-106271-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hinduism%3A+A+Very+Short+Introduction&rft.pages=80&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2016-02-25&rft.isbn=978-0-19-106271-1&rft.aulast=Knott&rft.aufirst=Kim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkXheCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Roy2005p479_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roy2005p479-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://operations.du.edu/sites/default/files/2020-03/2017-Vaisakhi-Fact-Sheet.pdf">"Vaisakhi"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. University of Denver. <q>Vaisakhi predates Sikhism and began as a grain harvest festival in the Punjab region of India.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vaisakhi&rft.pub=University+of+Denver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foperations.du.edu%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2020-03%2F2017-Vaisakhi-Fact-Sheet.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/newsround/43737417">"What is Vaisakhi, or Baisakhi and how is it celebrated?"</a>. <i>BBC Newsround</i>. 13 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2024</span>. <q>Vaisakhi has been a harvest festival in Punjab - an area of northern India - for a long time, even before it became so important to Sikhs.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+Newsround&rft.atitle=What+is+Vaisakhi%2C+or+Baisakhi+and+how+is+it+celebrated%3F&rft.date=2018-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnewsround%2F43737417&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSingh1980" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Harbans (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mz4_AAAAMAAJ&q=baisakhi+11+April"><i>Maharaja Ranjit Singh</i></a>. Sterling.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maharaja+Ranjit+Singh&rft.pub=Sterling&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Harbans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dmz4_AAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dbaisakhi%2B11%2BApril&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBhatia2011" class="citation news cs1">Bhatia, Ramaninder K. (7 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/baisakhi-stories/myth-behind-baisakhi-baisakhi-not-always-on-april-13/articleshow/7884380.cms">"Myth behind Baisakhi: Baisakhi not always on April 13"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Myth+behind+Baisakhi%3A+Baisakhi+not+always+on+April+13&rft.date=2011-04-07&rft.aulast=Bhatia&rft.aufirst=Ramaninder+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fbaisakhi-stories%2Fmyth-behind-baisakhi-baisakhi-not-always-on-april-13%2Farticleshow%2F7884380.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Crump, William D. (2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cDTfCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA114">Encyclopedia of New Year's Holidays Worldwide</a>, MacFarland, page 114</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFŚarmā1991" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Śarmā, Dharmavīra (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bzGBAAAAMAAJ&q=%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF"><i>Dillī pradeśa kī loka sāṃskr̥tika śabdāvalī</i></a> (in Hindi). Rājeśa Prakāśana.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dill%C4%AB+prade%C5%9Ba+k%C4%AB+loka+s%C4%81%E1%B9%83skr%CC%A5tika+%C5%9Babd%C4%81val%C4%AB&rft.pub=R%C4%81je%C5%9Ba+Prak%C4%81%C5%9Bana&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=%C5%9Aarm%C4%81&rft.aufirst=Dharmav%C4%ABra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbzGBAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%2588%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2596%25E0%25A5%2580%2B%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A5%2588%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2596%2B%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMiśra1993" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Miśra, Rādhākānta (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jrZjAAAAMAAJ&q=%E0%A4%B6+%E0%A4%B8+%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6"><i>पूर्वी अपभ्रंश भाषा</i></a> (in Hindi). Viśvavidyālaya Prakāśana. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7124-105-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7124-105-7"><bdi>978-81-7124-105-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&rft.pub=Vi%C5%9Bvavidy%C4%81laya+Prak%C4%81%C5%9Bana&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-81-7124-105-7&rft.aulast=Mi%C5%9Bra&rft.aufirst=R%C4%81dh%C4%81k%C4%81nta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjrZjAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%25E0%25A4%25B6%2B%25E0%25A4%25B8%2B%25E0%25A4%2585%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25B6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSingh1961" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Singh, Namavar (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2-U9AAAAIAAJ&q=%E0%A4%AC+%E0%A4%B5+%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6"><i>Hindī vikāsa mēṃ apabh-raṃśa kā yōga</i></a> (in Hindi).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hind%C4%AB+vik%C4%81sa+m%C4%93%E1%B9%83+apabh-ra%E1%B9%83%C5%9Ba+k%C4%81+y%C5%8Dga&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Namavar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2-U9AAAAIAAJ%26q%3D%25E0%25A4%25AC%2B%25E0%25A4%25B5%2B%25E0%25A4%2585%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25B6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFŚarmā2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Śarmā, Pavitra Kumāra (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Tl5C3qroPEcC&q=%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE&pg=PA38"><i>Abhinava Hindī nibandha</i></a> (in Hindi). Atmaram & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7900-058-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7900-058-8"><bdi>978-81-7900-058-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Abhinava+Hind%C4%AB+nibandha&rft.pub=Atmaram+%26+Sons&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-81-7900-058-8&rft.aulast=%C5%9Aarm%C4%81&rft.aufirst=Pavitra+Kum%C4%81ra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTl5C3qroPEcC%26q%3D%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%2588%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2596%25E0%25A5%2580%2B%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2596%25E0%25A4%25BE%26pg%3DPA38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.india9.com/i9show/Basoa-Festival-16998.htm">"Basoa Festival in India"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Basoa+Festival+in+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.india9.com%2Fi9show%2FBasoa-Festival-16998.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRao2000" class="citation book cs1">Rao, S. Balachandra (1 January 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PGXgssv08PgC&pg=PA61"><i>Indian Astronomy: An Introduction</i></a>. Universities Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788173712050" title="Special:BookSources/9788173712050"><bdi>9788173712050</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2016</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Astronomy%3A+An+Introduction&rft.pub=Universities+Press&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.isbn=9788173712050&rft.aulast=Rao&rft.aufirst=S.+Balachandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPGXgssv08PgC%26pg%3DPA61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tribune 15 April 2011 Baisakhi fervour at Haridwar Lakhs take dip in holy Ganga <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110415/dplus.htm#1">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_Hinduism-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_Hinduism_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_Hinduism_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_Hinduism_48-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_Hinduism_48-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/hinduism/holydays/vaisakhi.shtml">"BBC – Religion: Hinduism – Vaisakhi"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+%E2%80%93+Religion%3A+Hinduism+%E2%80%93+Vaisakhi&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Freligion%2Freligions%2Fhinduism%2Fholydays%2Fvaisakhi.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Crump, William D. (2014) Encyclopedia of New Year's Holidays Worldwide. McFarland <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cDTfCwAAQBAJ&dq=vaisakhi+punjabi+hindu+new+year&pg=PA114">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Falzon2004p62-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Falzon2004p62_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMark-Anthony_Falzon2004" class="citation book cs1">Mark-Anthony Falzon (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ljbS-I5Y8WMC&pg=PA62"><i>Cosmopolitan Connections: The Sindhi Diaspora, 1860–2000</i></a>. BRILL. p. 62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-14008-5" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-14008-5"><bdi>90-04-14008-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cosmopolitan+Connections%3A+The+Sindhi+Diaspora%2C+1860%E2%80%932000&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=90-04-14008-5&rft.au=Mark-Anthony+Falzon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DljbS-I5Y8WMC%26pg%3DPA62&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rinehart2004p139-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rinehart2004p139_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rinehart2004p139_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobin_Rinehart2004" class="citation book cs1">Robin Rinehart (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hMPYnfS_R90C&pg=PA139"><i>Contemporary Hinduism: Ritual, Culture, and Practice</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 139. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-905-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-905-8"><bdi>978-1-57607-905-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Hinduism%3A+Ritual%2C+Culture%2C+and+Practice&rft.pages=139&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-905-8&rft.au=Robin+Rinehart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhMPYnfS_R90C%26pg%3DPA139&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLochtefeld2002" class="citation book cs1">Lochtefeld, James G. (1 January 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5kl0DYIjUPgC&pg=PA81"><i>The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M</i></a>. The Rosen Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780823931798" title="Special:BookSources/9780823931798"><bdi>9780823931798</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2016</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Illustrated+Encyclopedia+of+Hinduism%3A+A-M&rft.pub=The+Rosen+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.isbn=9780823931798&rft.aulast=Lochtefeld&rft.aufirst=James+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5kl0DYIjUPgC%26pg%3DPA81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBhalla2005" class="citation book cs1">Bhalla, Kartar Singh (February 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WORYY5Vl0ygC&q=Baisakhi+Ganga+descended&pg=PA8"><i>Let's Know Festivals of India</i></a>. Star Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7650-165-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7650-165-1"><bdi>978-81-7650-165-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Let%27s+Know+Festivals+of+India&rft.pub=Star+Publications&rft.date=2005-02&rft.isbn=978-81-7650-165-1&rft.aulast=Bhalla&rft.aufirst=Kartar+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWORYY5Vl0ygC%26q%3DBaisakhi%2BGanga%2Bdescended%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDebSinha2001" class="citation book cs1">Deb, Soma; Sinha, B. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XSATAQAAIAAJ&q=Baisakhi+Ganga+descended"><i>Encyclopaedia of Fairs & Festivals in India: With Select Rituals, Vows, Holy Cities, Temples and Pilgrim Centers</i></a>. Raj Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-86208-14-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-86208-14-4"><bdi>978-81-86208-14-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Fairs+%26+Festivals+in+India%3A+With+Select+Rituals%2C+Vows%2C+Holy+Cities%2C+Temples+and+Pilgrim+Centers&rft.pub=Raj+Publications&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-81-86208-14-4&rft.aulast=Deb&rft.aufirst=Soma&rft.au=Sinha%2C+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXSATAQAAIAAJ%26q%3DBaisakhi%2BGanga%2Bdescended&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/50-lakh-pilgrims-take-holy-dip-in-Ganga-on-lsquoBaisakhirsquo/article16366130.ece">"50 lakh pilgrims take holy dip in Ganga on 'Baisakhi'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. PTI. 13 April 2010. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X">0971-751X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=50+lakh+pilgrims+take+holy+dip+in+Ganga+on+%27Baisakhi%27&rft.date=2010-04-13&rft.issn=0971-751X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ffeatures%2Fmetroplus%2Fsociety%2F50-lakh-pilgrims-take-holy-dip-in-Ganga-on-lsquoBaisakhirsquo%2Farticle16366130.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNg1995" class="citation book cs1">Ng, Franklin (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LYkYAAAAIAAJ&q=Baisakhi+Ganga+descended"><i>The Asian American Encyclopedia</i></a>. Marshall Cavendish. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85435-678-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85435-678-9"><bdi>978-1-85435-678-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Asian+American+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-1-85435-678-9&rft.aulast=Ng&rft.aufirst=Franklin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLYkYAAAAIAAJ%26q%3DBaisakhi%2BGanga%2Bdescended&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Low_Price_Publications-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Low_Price_Publications_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Low_Price_Publications_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pA8wAQAAIAAJ&q=Katas+Baisakh+fair"><i>A Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province</i></a>. Low Price Publications. 1999. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7536-153-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7536-153-9"><bdi>978-81-7536-153-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Glossary+of+the+Tribes+and+Castes+of+the+Punjab+and+North-West+Frontier+Province&rft.pub=Low+Price+Publications&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-81-7536-153-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpA8wAQAAIAAJ%26q%3DKatas%2BBaisakh%2Bfair&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nijjar_1972-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nijjar_1972_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nijjar_1972_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNijjar1972" class="citation book cs1">Nijjar, Bakhshish Singh (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RESzeNDCEuIC&q=Katas+"><i>Panjab Under the Later Mughals, 1707–1759</i></a>. New Academic Publishing Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Panjab+Under+the+Later+Mughals%2C+1707%E2%80%931759&rft.pub=New+Academic+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Nijjar&rft.aufirst=Bakhshish+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRESzeNDCEuIC%26q%3DKatas%2B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.com-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VJwIAAAAQAAJ&q=Baisakhi+hindu+fair&pg=RA2-PA64"><i>Gazetteer of the Ferozpur District: 1883</i></a>. 1883.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gazetteer+of+the+Ferozpur+District%3A+1883&rft.date=1883&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVJwIAAAAQAAJ%26q%3DBaisakhi%2Bhindu%2Bfair%26pg%3DRA2-PA64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Khalid-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Khalid_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Khalid_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKhalid2017" class="citation web cs1">Khalid, Haroon (28 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scroll.in/article/835897/in-defiance-celebrating-baisakhi-at-a-hindu-shrine-in-pakistan">"In defiance: Celebrating Baisakhi at a Hindu shrine in Pakistan"</a>. <i>Scroll.in</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scroll.in&rft.atitle=In+defiance%3A+Celebrating+Baisakhi+at+a+Hindu+shrine+in+Pakistan&rft.date=2017-04-28&rft.aulast=Khalid&rft.aufirst=Haroon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscroll.in%2Farticle%2F835897%2Fin-defiance-celebrating-baisakhi-at-a-hindu-shrine-in-pakistan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Darshan-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Darshan_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Darshan_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XG8mJN-CgwoC&q=Baisakhi+pandori&pg=RA7-PA28"><i>Darshan</i></a>. Consulate-General of India. 1982.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Darshan&rft.pub=Consulate-General+of+India&rft.date=1982&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXG8mJN-CgwoC%26q%3DBaisakhi%2Bpandori%26pg%3DRA7-PA28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPunjab_(India)1992" class="citation book cs1">Punjab (India) (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0KAKAQAAIAAJ&q=Baisakhi+pindori"><i>Punjab District Gazetteers: Supplement</i></a>. Controller of Print. and Stationery.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Punjab+District+Gazetteers%3A+Supplement&rft.pub=Controller+of+Print.+and+Stationery&rft.date=1992&rft.au=Punjab+%28India%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0KAKAQAAIAAJ%26q%3DBaisakhi%2Bpindori&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAnand1962" class="citation book cs1">Anand, R.L. (1962). <i>Fairs and Festivals, Part VII-B, Vol-XIII, Punjab, Census of India 1961</i>. p. 60.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fairs+and+Festivals%2C+Part+VII-B%2C+Vol-XIII%2C+Punjab%2C+Census+of+India+1961&rft.pages=60&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Anand&rft.aufirst=R.L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJeratha1998" class="citation book cs1">Jeratha, Aśoka (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ToONShWeEB0C&q=Baisakhi+&pg=PA52"><i>Dogra Legends of Art & Culture</i></a>. Indus Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7387-082-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7387-082-8"><bdi>978-81-7387-082-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dogra+Legends+of+Art+%26+Culture&rft.pub=Indus+Publishing&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-81-7387-082-8&rft.aulast=Jeratha&rft.aufirst=A%C5%9Boka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DToONShWeEB0C%26q%3DBaisakhi%2B%26pg%3DPA52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKashmir1966" class="citation book cs1">Kashmir, India Superintendent of Census Operations, Jammu and (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cb7UAAAAMAAJ&q=Baisakhi"><i>District Census Handbook, Jammu & Kashmir: Jammu</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=District+Census+Handbook%2C+Jammu+%26+Kashmir%3A+Jammu&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Kashmir&rft.aufirst=India+Superintendent+of+Census+Operations%2C+Jammu+and&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dcb7UAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DBaisakhi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJeratha1998" class="citation book cs1">Jeratha, Aśoka (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ToONShWeEB0C&q=Baisakhi+Udhampur&pg=PA52"><i>Dogra Legends of Art & Culture</i></a>. Indus Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7387-082-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7387-082-8"><bdi>978-81-7387-082-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dogra+Legends+of+Art+%26+Culture&rft.pub=Indus+Publishing&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-81-7387-082-8&rft.aulast=Jeratha&rft.aufirst=A%C5%9Boka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DToONShWeEB0C%26q%3DBaisakhi%2BUdhampur%26pg%3DPA52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSharma1997" class="citation book cs1">Sharma, Shiv Chander (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uEtuAAAAMAAJ&q=Nagbani"><i>Antiquities, History, Culture, and Shrines of Jammu</i></a>. Vinod Publishers & Distributors. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-85599-46-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-85599-46-5"><bdi>978-81-85599-46-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Antiquities%2C+History%2C+Culture%2C+and+Shrines+of+Jammu&rft.pub=Vinod+Publishers+%26+Distributors&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-81-85599-46-5&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=Shiv+Chander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuEtuAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DNagbani&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c4E6AAAAIAAJ&q=%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82"><i>Śīrāzā Hindī</i></a> (in Hindi). 1988.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C5%9A%C4%ABr%C4%81z%C4%81+Hind%C4%AB&rft.date=1988&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc4E6AAAAIAAJ%26q%3D%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%2588%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2596%25E0%25A5%2580%2B%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A5%2582&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ganhar-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ganhar_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGanhar1975" class="citation web cs1">Ganhar, J. N. (23 May 1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N9IXAAAAIAAJ&q=bhangra">"Jammu, Shrines and Pilgrimages"</a>. Ganhar Publications – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jammu%2C+Shrines+and+Pilgrimages&rft.pub=Ganhar+Publications&rft.date=1975-05-23&rft.aulast=Ganhar&rft.aufirst=J.+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DN9IXAAAAIAAJ%26q%3Dbhangra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKashmir1966" class="citation book cs1">Kashmir, India Superintendent of Census Operations, Jammu and (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E7vUAAAAMAAJ&q=Baisakhi+Jammu"><i>District Census Handbook, Jammu & Kashmir: Kathua</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=District+Census+Handbook%2C+Jammu+%26+Kashmir%3A+Kathua&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Kashmir&rft.aufirst=India+Superintendent+of+Census+Operations%2C+Jammu+and&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE7vUAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DBaisakhi%2BJammu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/15000-devotees-visit-ancient-subar-nag-temple-on-baisakhi-eve/1027840">"15,000 devotees visit ancient Subar Nag temple on Baisakhi eve"</a>. <i>www.outlookindia.com/</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.outlookindia.com%2F&rft.atitle=15%2C000+devotees+visit+ancient+Subar+Nag+temple+on+Baisakhi+eve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.outlookindia.com%2Fnewsscroll%2F15000-devotees-visit-ancient-subar-nag-temple-on-baisakhi-eve%2F1027840&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKashmir1966" class="citation book cs1">Kashmir, India Superintendent of Census Operations, Jammu and (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6L3UAAAAMAAJ&q=Baisakhi+"><i>District Census Handbook, Jammu & Kashmir: Dada</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=District+Census+Handbook%2C+Jammu+%26+Kashmir%3A+Dada&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Kashmir&rft.aufirst=India+Superintendent+of+Census+Operations%2C+Jammu+and&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6L3UAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DBaisakhi%2B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRegistrarGeneral1962" class="citation book cs1">Registrar, India Office of the; General, India Office of the Registrar (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xAkdAQAAMAAJ&q=Baisakhi+festival+Hindus+black+gram"><i>Census of India, 1961: Himachal Pradesh</i></a>. Manager of Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Census+of+India%2C+1961%3A+Himachal+Pradesh&rft.pub=Manager+of+Publications&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Registrar&rft.aufirst=India+Office+of+the&rft.au=General%2C+India+Office+of+the+Registrar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxAkdAQAAMAAJ%26q%3DBaisakhi%2Bfestival%2BHindus%2Bblack%2Bgram&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRegistrarGeneral1962" class="citation book cs1">Registrar, India Office of the; General, India Office of the Registrar (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xAkdAQAAMAAJ&q=Baisakhi+festival+nas-rawan"><i>Census of India, 1961: Himachal Pradesh</i></a>. Manager of Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Census+of+India%2C+1961%3A+Himachal+Pradesh&rft.pub=Manager+of+Publications&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Registrar&rft.aufirst=India+Office+of+the&rft.au=General%2C+India+Office+of+the+Registrar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxAkdAQAAMAAJ%26q%3DBaisakhi%2Bfestival%2Bnas-rawan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRegistrarGeneral1962" class="citation book cs1">Registrar, India Office of the; General, India Office of the Registrar (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xAkdAQAAMAAJ&q=Baisakhi+cakes+black+gram"><i>Census of India, 1961: Himachal Pradesh</i></a>. Manager of Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Census+of+India%2C+1961%3A+Himachal+Pradesh&rft.pub=Manager+of+Publications&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Registrar&rft.aufirst=India+Office+of+the&rft.au=General%2C+India+Office+of+the+Registrar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxAkdAQAAMAAJ%26q%3DBaisakhi%2Bcakes%2Bblack%2Bgram&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRegistrarGeneral1962" class="citation book cs1">Registrar, India Office of the; General, India Office of the Registrar (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xAkdAQAAMAAJ&q=Baisakhi+prau"><i>Census of India, 1961: Himachal Pradesh</i></a>. Manager of Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Census+of+India%2C+1961%3A+Himachal+Pradesh&rft.pub=Manager+of+Publications&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Registrar&rft.aufirst=India+Office+of+the&rft.au=General%2C+India+Office+of+the+Registrar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxAkdAQAAMAAJ%26q%3DBaisakhi%2Bprau&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBhatt2005" class="citation book cs1">Bhatt, S. C. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CP-kKXZ8rTIC&q=yamunanagar+Baisakhi&pg=PA337"><i>Land and people of Indian states and union territories : (in 36 volumes)</i></a>. Gyan Publishing House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7835-356-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7835-356-2"><bdi>978-81-7835-356-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Land+and+people+of+Indian+states+and+union+territories+%3A+%28in+36+volumes%29&rft.pub=Gyan+Publishing+House&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-81-7835-356-2&rft.aulast=Bhatt&rft.aufirst=S.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCP-kKXZ8rTIC%26q%3Dyamunanagar%2BBaisakhi%26pg%3DPA337&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKrishan1965" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Krishan, Bal (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P_FWAAAAMAAJ&q=%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%80+"><i>Kurukshetra: sāṃskr̥tika evaṃ aitihāsika siṃhāvalokana</i></a> (in Hindi). Viśvavidyālaya Prakāśana Gr̥ha.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kurukshetra%3A+s%C4%81%E1%B9%83skr%CC%A5tika+eva%E1%B9%83+aitih%C4%81sika+si%E1%B9%83h%C4%81valokana&rft.pub=Vi%C5%9Bvavidy%C4%81laya+Prak%C4%81%C5%9Bana+Gr%CC%A5ha&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Krishan&rft.aufirst=Bal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP_FWAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%2588%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2596%25E0%25A5%2580%2B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKrishan1978" class="citation book cs1">Krishan, Bal (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_pUBAAAAMAAJ&q=baisakhi"><i>Kurukshetra: Political and Cultural History</i></a>. B.R. Publishing Corporation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7018-033-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7018-033-3"><bdi>978-81-7018-033-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kurukshetra%3A+Political+and+Cultural+History&rft.pub=B.R.+Publishing+Corporation&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-81-7018-033-3&rft.aulast=Krishan&rft.aufirst=Bal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_pUBAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dbaisakhi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPunia1994" class="citation book cs1">Punia, Bijender K. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7d3rX5jr1WQC&q=Baisakhi+pinjore&pg=PA74"><i>Tourism Management: Problems and Prospects</i></a>. APH Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7024-643-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7024-643-5"><bdi>978-81-7024-643-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tourism+Management%3A+Problems+and+Prospects&rft.pub=APH+Publishing&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-81-7024-643-5&rft.aulast=Punia&rft.aufirst=Bijender+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7d3rX5jr1WQC%26q%3DBaisakhi%2Bpinjore%26pg%3DPA74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSingh2005" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Kumar Suresh (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6QVuAAAAMAAJ&q=Satwahi"><i>People of India: Uttar Pradesh (3 pts.)</i></a>. Anthropological Survey of India. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-85579-09-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-85579-09-2"><bdi>978-81-85579-09-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=People+of+India%3A+Uttar+Pradesh+%283+pts.%29&rft.pub=Anthropological+Survey+of+India&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-81-85579-09-2&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Kumar+Suresh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6QVuAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DSatwahi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDepartment1934" class="citation book cs1">Department, United provinces of Agra and Oudh Police (1934). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S9QyAQAAIAAJ&q=Baisakhi"><i>Guide to Muhammadan and Hindu Festivals and Fasts in the United Provinces</i></a>. Superintendent, printing and stationery, United provinces.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guide+to+Muhammadan+and+Hindu+Festivals+and+Fasts+in+the+United+Provinces&rft.pub=Superintendent%2C+printing+and+stationery%2C+United+provinces&rft.date=1934&rft.aulast=Department&rft.aufirst=United+provinces+of+Agra+and+Oudh+Police&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS9QyAQAAIAAJ%26q%3DBaisakhi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSaranPandey1992" class="citation book cs1">Saran, Anirudha Behari; Pandey, Gaya (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8XimO39s7_gC&q=Vaishakh&pg=PA63"><i>Sun Worship in India: A Study of Deo Sun-Shrine</i></a>. Northern Book Centre. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7211-030-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7211-030-7"><bdi>978-81-7211-030-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sun+Worship+in+India%3A+A+Study+of+Deo+Sun-Shrine&rft.pub=Northern+Book+Centre&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-81-7211-030-7&rft.aulast=Saran&rft.aufirst=Anirudha+Behari&rft.au=Pandey%2C+Gaya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8XimO39s7_gC%26q%3DVaishakh%26pg%3DPA63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aghr.cag.gov.in/holidays.pdf">"2017 Official Central Government Holiday Calendar"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Government of India<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2017+Official+Central+Government+Holiday+Calendar&rft.pub=Government+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faghr.cag.gov.in%2Fholidays.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Crump, William D. (2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cDTfCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA114">Encyclopedia of New Year's Holidays Worldwide</a>, MacFarland, page 114</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vishugok-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vishugok_86-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vishugok_86-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vishugok_86-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vishugok_86-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kerala.gov.in/major-festivals">Major festivals of Kerala</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210413044441/https://kerala.gov.in/major-festivals">Archived</a> 13 April 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Government of Kerala (2016)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Melton2011p633-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Melton2011p633_87-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Melton2011p633_87-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJ._Gordon_Melton2011" class="citation book cs1">J. Gordon Melton (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lD_2J7W_2hQC&pg=PA633"><i>Religious Celebrations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 633. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-206-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-206-7"><bdi>978-1-59884-206-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religious+Celebrations%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Holidays%2C+Festivals%2C+Solemn+Observances%2C+and+Spiritual+Commemorations&rft.pages=633&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-59884-206-7&rft.au=J.+Gordon+Melton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlD_2J7W_2hQC%26pg%3DPA633&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jagannathan2005p76-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jagannathan2005p76_88-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jagannathan2005p76_88-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMaithily_Jagannathan2005" class="citation book cs1">Maithily Jagannathan (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xcIrkKUJH9QC"><i>South Indian Hindu Festivals and Traditions</i></a>. Abhinav Publications. pp. <span class="nowrap">76–</span>77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7017-415-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7017-415-8"><bdi>978-81-7017-415-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=South+Indian+Hindu+Festivals+and+Traditions&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E76-%3C%2Fspan%3E77&rft.pub=Abhinav+Publications&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-81-7017-415-8&rft.au=Maithily+Jagannathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxcIrkKUJH9QC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thehindu-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-thehindu_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/city-celebrates-vishu/article399057.ece">"City celebrates Vishu"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 16 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=City+celebrates+Vishu&rft.date=2010-04-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fcities%2FThiruvananthapuram%2Fcity-celebrates-vishu%2Farticle399057.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thehindu2-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-thehindu2_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/when-the-laburnum-blooms/article1696077.ece">"When the Laburnum blooms"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 14 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=When+the+Laburnum+blooms&rft.date=2011-04-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ffeatures%2Fmetroplus%2Fwhen-the-laburnum-blooms%2Farticle1696077.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dalal2010p461-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dalal2010p461_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoshen_Dalal2010" class="citation book cs1">Roshen Dalal (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC&pg=PA461"><i>Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide</i></a>. Penguin Books. p. 461. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-341421-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-341421-6"><bdi>978-0-14-341421-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hinduism%3A+An+Alphabetical+Guide&rft.pages=461&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-14-341421-6&rft.au=Roshen+Dalal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDH0vmD8ghdMC%26pg%3DPA461&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bohag-Bihu">"Bohag Bihu"</a>. <i>Britannica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britannica&rft.atitle=Bohag+Bihu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FBohag-Bihu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSitakant_Mahapatra1993" class="citation book cs1">Sitakant Mahapatra (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4VHkAAAAMAAJ"><i>Chhau Dance of Mayurbhanj</i></a>. Vidyapuri. p. 86.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chhau+Dance+of+Mayurbhanj&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=Vidyapuri&rft.date=1993&rft.au=Sitakant+Mahapatra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4VHkAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/odisha-celebrates-new-year-maha-vishuva-sankranti/article8473074.ece">"Odisha celebrates New Year Maha Vishuva Sankranti"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 14 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Odisha+celebrates+New+Year+Maha+Vishuva+Sankranti&rft.date=2016-04-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fother-states%2Fodisha-celebrates-new-year-maha-vishuva-sankranti%2Farticle8473074.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sinha2016p159-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sinha2016p159_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKapila_D._SilvaAmita_Sinha2016" class="citation book cs1">Kapila D. Silva; Amita Sinha (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Tc1CDQAAQBAJ"><i>Cultural Landscapes of South Asia: Studies in Heritage Conservation and Management</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. pp. <span class="nowrap">159–</span>162. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-36592-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-36592-1"><bdi>978-1-317-36592-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cultural+Landscapes+of+South+Asia%3A+Studies+in+Heritage+Conservation+and+Management&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E159-%3C%2Fspan%3E162&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-317-36592-1&rft.au=Kapila+D.+Silva&rft.au=Amita+Sinha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTc1CDQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Crump, William D. (2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cDTfCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA114">Encyclopedia of New Year's Holidays Worldwide</a>, MacFarland, page 114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGordon_Melton2011" class="citation book cs1">Gordon Melton, J. (13 September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lD_2J7W_2hQC&pg=PA633"><i>Religious Celebrations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations [2 volumes]: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations</i></a>. Abc-Clio. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781598842067" title="Special:BookSources/9781598842067"><bdi>9781598842067</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religious+Celebrations%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Holidays%2C+Festivals%2C+Solemn+Observances%2C+and+Spiritual+Commemorations+%26%2391%3B2+volumes%26%2393%3B%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Holidays%2C+Festivals%2C+Solemn+Observances%2C+and+Spiritual+Commemorations&rft.pub=Abc-Clio&rft.date=2011-09-13&rft.isbn=9781598842067&rft.aulast=Gordon+Melton&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlD_2J7W_2hQC%26pg%3DPA633&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.abplive.com/lifestyle/poila-boishakh-1429-history-of-bengali-calendar-and-why-bangladesh-and-bengal-celebrate-bengali-new-year-on-different-days-1525756">"Poila Boishakh 1429: Why Bangladesh & West Bengal Celebrate Bengali New Year on Different Days"</a>. <i>news.abplive.com</i>. 14 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.abplive.com&rft.atitle=Poila+Boishakh+1429%3A+Why+Bangladesh+%26+West+Bengal+Celebrate+Bengali+New+Year+on+Different+Days&rft.date=2022-04-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.abplive.com%2Flifestyle%2Fpoila-boishakh-1429-history-of-bengali-calendar-and-why-bangladesh-and-bengal-celebrate-bengali-new-year-on-different-days-1525756&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-meghna-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-meghna_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGuhathakurtaSchendel2013" class="citation book cs1">Guhathakurta, Meghna; Schendel, Willem van (2013). <i>The Bangladesh Reader: History, Culture, Politics</i>. Duke University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">17–</span>18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780822353188" title="Special:BookSources/9780822353188"><bdi>9780822353188</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bangladesh+Reader%3A+History%2C+Culture%2C+Politics&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E17-%3C%2Fspan%3E18&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780822353188&rft.aulast=Guhathakurta&rft.aufirst=Meghna&rft.au=Schendel%2C+Willem+van&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sengupta2011-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sengupta2011_100-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sengupta2011_100-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNitish_K._Sengupta2011" class="citation book cs1">Nitish K. Sengupta (2011). <i>Land of Two Rivers: A History of Bengal from the Mahabharata to Mujib</i>. Penguin Books India. pp. <span class="nowrap">96–</span>98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-341678-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-341678-4"><bdi>978-0-14-341678-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Land+of+Two+Rivers%3A+A+History+of+Bengal+from+the+Mahabharata+to+Mujib&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E96-%3C%2Fspan%3E98&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+India&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-14-341678-4&rft.au=Nitish+K.+Sengupta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-crump114q-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-crump114q_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_D._Crump2014" class="citation book cs1">William D. Crump (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cDTfCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA114"><i>Encyclopedia of New Year's Holidays Worldwide</i></a>. McFarland. p. 113114. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-9545-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-9545-0"><bdi>978-0-7864-9545-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+New+Year%27s+Holidays+Worldwide&rft.pages=113114&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-9545-0&rft.au=William+D.+Crump&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcDTfCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA114&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span>, Quote: "<i>Naba Barsha</i> ("New Year"). Hindu New Year festival in West Bengal State, observed on the first day of the month of Vaisakha or Baisakh (corresponds to mid-April). New Year's Day is known as <i>Pahela Baisakh</i> (First of Baisakh)."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKaren_PechilisSelva_J._Raj2013" class="citation book cs1">Karen Pechilis; Selva J. Raj (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kaubzRxh-U0C&pg=PA48"><i>South Asian Religions: Tradition and Today</i></a>. Routledge. pp. <span class="nowrap">48–</span>49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-44851-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-44851-2"><bdi>978-0-415-44851-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=South+Asian+Religions%3A+Tradition+and+Today&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E48-%3C%2Fspan%3E49&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-415-44851-2&rft.au=Karen+Pechilis&rft.au=Selva+J.+Raj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkaubzRxh-U0C%26pg%3DPA48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dalal135-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dalal135_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoshen_Dalal2010" class="citation book cs1">Roshen Dalal (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC"><i>Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide</i></a>. Penguin Books. pp. <span class="nowrap">135–</span>137. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-341421-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-341421-6"><bdi>978-0-14-341421-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hinduism%3A+An+Alphabetical+Guide&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E135-%3C%2Fspan%3E137&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-14-341421-6&rft.au=Roshen+Dalal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDH0vmD8ghdMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFD._C._Sircar1965" class="citation book cs1">D. C. Sircar (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hXMB3649biQC"><i>Indian Epigraphy</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 241, <span class="nowrap">272–</span>273. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1166-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1166-9"><bdi>978-81-208-1166-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Epigraphy&rft.pages=241%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E272-%3C%2Fspan%3E273&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1965&rft.isbn=978-81-208-1166-9&rft.au=D.+C.+Sircar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhXMB3649biQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Salomon1998" class="citation book cs1">Richard Salomon (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t-4RDAAAQBAJ"><i>Indian Epigraphy: A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the Other Indo-Aryan Languages</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. 148, <span class="nowrap">246–</span>247, 346. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-509984-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-509984-3"><bdi>978-0-19-509984-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Epigraphy%3A+A+Guide+to+the+Study+of+Inscriptions+in+Sanskrit%2C+Prakrit%2C+and+the+Other+Indo-Aryan+Languages&rft.pages=148%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E246-%3C%2Fspan%3E247%2C+346&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-19-509984-3&rft.au=Richard+Salomon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dt-4RDAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dalal2010p406-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dalal2010p406_106-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoshen_Dalal2010" class="citation book cs1">Roshen Dalal (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC"><i>Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide</i></a>. Penguin Books. p. 406. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-341421-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-341421-6"><bdi>978-0-14-341421-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hinduism%3A+An+Alphabetical+Guide&rft.pages=406&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-14-341421-6&rft.au=Roshen+Dalal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDH0vmD8ghdMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reeves174-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-reeves174_107-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reeves174_107-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Reeves2014" class="citation book cs1">Peter Reeves (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4N5UAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA174"><i>The Encyclopedia of the Sri Lankan Diaspora</i></a>. Didier Millet. p. 174. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-4260-83-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-4260-83-1"><bdi>978-981-4260-83-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+the+Sri+Lankan+Diaspora&rft.pages=174&rft.pub=Didier+Millet&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-981-4260-83-1&rft.au=Peter+Reeves&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4N5UAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA174&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_D._Crump2014" class="citation book cs1">William D. Crump (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cDTfCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA220"><i>Encyclopedia of New Year's Holidays Worldwide</i></a>. McFarland. p. 220. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-9545-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-9545-0"><bdi>978-0-7864-9545-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+New+Year%27s+Holidays+Worldwide&rft.pages=220&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-9545-0&rft.au=William+D.+Crump&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcDTfCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSamuel_S._Dhoraisingam2006" class="citation book cs1">Samuel S. Dhoraisingam (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QHwcAgAAQBAJ"><i>Peranakan Indians of Singapore and Melaka</i></a>. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-230-346-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-230-346-2"><bdi>978-981-230-346-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peranakan+Indians+of+Singapore+and+Melaka&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Institute+of+Southeast+Asian+Studies&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-981-230-346-2&rft.au=Samuel+S.+Dhoraisingam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQHwcAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hari Bansh Jha (1993) The terai community and national integration in Nepal.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JShuAAAAMAAJ&q=JurShital+new+year">[3]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ugVFAQAAIAAJ&q=Jurshital"><i>Ethnobotany</i></a>. Aavishkar Publishers, Distributors. 1 January 2002. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788179100257" title="Special:BookSources/9788179100257"><bdi>9788179100257</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnobotany&rft.pub=Aavishkar+Publishers%2C+Distributors&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.isbn=9788179100257&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DugVFAQAAIAAJ%26q%3DJurshital&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOrganization_(Pakistan)1962" class="citation book cs1">Organization (Pakistan), Census (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uD0ZAAAAMAAJ"><i>Population Census of Pakistan, 1961: District Census Report</i></a>. Manager of Publications. p. 19. <q>The favourite day for bullock-racing is the first of Vaisakhi (13th April); hence bullock race is called Vaisakhi at whatever time of the year it may occur.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Population+Census+of+Pakistan%2C+1961%3A+District+Census+Report&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Manager+of+Publications&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Organization+%28Pakistan%29&rft.aufirst=Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuD0ZAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u1TrBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA625"><i>The Modern World Civilizations of Africa, Civilizations of Europe, Civilizations of the Americas, Civilizations of the Middle East and Southwest Asia, Civilizations of Asia and the Pacific</i></a>. Routledge. 4 March 2015. p. 625. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317455721" title="Special:BookSources/9781317455721"><bdi>9781317455721</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Modern+World+Civilizations+of+Africa%2C+Civilizations+of+Europe%2C+Civilizations+of+the+Americas%2C+Civilizations+of+the+Middle+East+and+Southwest+Asia%2C+Civilizations+of+Asia+and+the+Pacific&rft.pages=625&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015-03-04&rft.isbn=9781317455721&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du1TrBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA625&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YiURDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA38"><i>Social Transformation in Post-conflict Nepal</i></a>. Routledge. 28 April 2016. p. 38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317353904" title="Special:BookSources/9781317353904"><bdi>9781317353904</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social+Transformation+in+Post-conflict+Nepal&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016-04-28&rft.isbn=9781317353904&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYiURDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-indiatimes-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-indiatimes_115-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJawahar_Malhotra2011" class="citation web cs1">Jawahar Malhotra (25 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/area-nepalese-celebrate-a-lively-baisakhi/articleshow/8079456.cms">"Area Nepalese celebrate a lively Baisakhi"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Area+Nepalese+celebrate+a+lively+Baisakhi&rft.date=2011-04-25&rft.au=Jawahar+Malhotra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Farea-nepalese-celebrate-a-lively-baisakhi%2Farticleshow%2F8079456.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.daily-sun.com/post/383719/">"Boishakhi-Mela"-in-New-York "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Boishakhi Mela" in New York"</a>. <i>Daily Sun</i>. April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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S., N. K. (1999). An Encyclopaedia of Sikhism and Sikhs Abroad: It Includes Sikh Gurus, Sikh Rehyat Maryada, Life of Guru Gobind Singh, Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Etc., Sikh Martyrs, Gurudwaras in India and Abroad and Sikhs Abroad, with Coloured Photographs. India: Common World.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Punjab 1999: Political and Socio-economic Developments. (2000). India: Anamika Publishers & Distributors.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tribune. Jammu (12.04.2020) (accessed 6 March 2021) Coronavirus: Gurdwara Nangali Sahib to not hold Baisakhi celebrations for first time since 1803 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/j-k/coronavirus-gurdwara-nangali-sahib-to-not-hold-baisakhi-celebrations-for-first-time-since-1803-70172">[9]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sgpDAAAAYAAJ&q=DERA+NANGALI+SAHIB+:+A+CENTRE+OF+SIKHISM+IN+JAMMU+REGION">Proceedings – Punjab History Conference (2003)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uEtuAAAAMAAJ&q=jammu+baisakhi+banda+bahadur">Culture, and Shrines of Jammu. 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Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. p. 999. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788126908585" title="Special:BookSources/9788126908585"><bdi>9788126908585</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Sikh+Gurus+Retold%3A+1606-1708+C.E%2C+Volume+2+of+History+of+Sikh+Gurus+Retold&rft.pages=999&rft.pub=Atlantic+Publishers+%26+Distributors&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9788126908585&rft.aulast=Surjit&rft.aufirst=Gandhi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSingh1999" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Khushwant (1999). <i>A History of the Sikhs Volume I:1469-1839</i>. 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Oxford University Press <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7YwNAwAAQBAJ&q=vaisakhi&pg=PA379">[12]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dawn.com/news/1176098">Glare and galore at Baisakhi festival</a>, The Dawn, Pakistan (15 April 2015)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/vaisakhi-2015-sikh-devotees-celebrate-major-festival-india-pakistan-photos-1496358">Vaisakhi 2015: Sikh devotees celebrate major festival in India and Pakistan</a>, David Sims, International Business Times</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ary News 17 April 2015 Sikh pligrims gather in Pakistan for Vaisakhi festival <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://arynews.tv/en/sikh-pligrims-gather-in-pakistan-for-vaisakhi-festival/">[13]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMuhammad_Najeeb_Hasan_Abdal2008" class="citation web cs1">Muhammad Najeeb Hasan Abdal (12 April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/world-news/sikhs-throng-pakistan-shrine-for-baisakhi_10037124.html">"Sikh throng Pakistan shrine for Vaisakhi"</a>. <i>Thaindian News</i>. www.thaindian.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thaindian+News&rft.atitle=Sikh+throng+Pakistan+shrine+for+Vaisakhi&rft.date=2008-04-12&rft.au=Muhammad+Najeeb+Hasan+Abdal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thaindian.com%2Fnewsportal%2Fworld-news%2Fsikhs-throng-pakistan-shrine-for-baisakhi_10037124.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pakistan Today (8 April 2016) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2016/04/08/promoting-peace-with-punjabi-at-visakhi-mela/">Punjabi Parchar spreads colours of love at Visakhi Mela</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dawn.com/news/953015">"A fair dedicated to animal lovers"</a>. <i>DAWN.COM</i>. 20 April 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DAWN.COM&rft.atitle=A+fair+dedicated+to+animal+lovers&rft.date=2009-04-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F953015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Agnes Ziegler, Akhtar Mummunka (2006) The final Frontier: unique photographs of Pakistan. Sang-e-Meel Publications <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AhNuAAAAMAAJ&q=besakhi+mela+sakhi">[14]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDutt2005" class="citation news cs1">Dutt, Nirupama (10 April 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050410/spectrum/main1.htm">"A Very Punjabi Festival"</a>. <i>The Tribune</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2025</span>. <q>Although Baisakhi was primarily a harvest festival in which all Punjabis participated, irrespective of what religion they belonged to yet it did a vanishing trick from West Punjab after the Partition. In fact, it had gained identity as a Sikh festival with the establishing of the Khalsa on this day.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Tribune&rft.atitle=A+Very+Punjabi+Festival&rft.date=2005-04-10&rft.aulast=Dutt&rft.aufirst=Nirupama&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribuneindia.com%2F2005%2F20050410%2Fspectrum%2Fmain1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2015/02/21/cultural-decline-in-lahore/">Cultural Decline in Pakistan</a>, Pakistan Today, Aziz-ud-din Ahmed (21 February 2015)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://punjab.gov.in/list-of-holidays">Official Holidays</a>, Government of Punjab, India (2016)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.schools.punjab.gov.pk/system/files/Notification_2.pdf">Official Holidays 2016</a>, Government of Punjab – Pakistan (2016)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kmc.gos.pk/Contents.aspx?id=48">Official Holidays 2016</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180901090935/http://kmc.gos.pk/Contents.aspx?id=48">Archived</a> 1 September 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Karachi Metropolitan, Sindh, Pakistan</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJabir2016" class="citation book cs1">Jabir, T. K. (13 September 2016). "Attempts to Save the Minorities". In C., Mathew Joseph (ed.). <i>Understanding Pakistan: Emerging Voices from India</i>. Taylor & Francis. p. 252. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781351997256" title="Special:BookSources/9781351997256"><bdi>9781351997256</bdi></a>. <q>It can be acknowledged that in April 2010, the Federal Ministry of Minorities announced that ten religious festivals of the minorities would be celebrated officially in Pakistan. The festivals included Baisakhi. Diwali. Holi. Eid-e-Rizwan, Chelumjust, Nauroz, Christmas and Easter.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Attempts+to+Save+the+Minorities&rft.btitle=Understanding+Pakistan%3A+Emerging+Voices+from+India&rft.pages=252&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2016-09-13&rft.isbn=9781351997256&rft.aulast=Jabir&rft.aufirst=T.+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2024/04/14/baisakhi-encompasses-cultural-equality-universal-unity-sans-borders/">"Baisakhi encompasses cultural equality, universal unity sans borders"</a>. <i>Pakistan Today</i>. 14 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vancouver+Vaisakhi+Festival+Celebrations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvancouversbestplaces.com%2Fevents-calendar%2Ffestivals-and-events%2Fvancouver-vaisakhi-celebrations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kdsross.com/">"Khalsa Diwan Society | Vancouver"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Khalsa+Diwan+Society+%26%23124%3B+Vancouver&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkdsross.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/thousands-brighten-vancouver-streets-to-mark-vaisakhi-1.4620393">"Thousands brighten Vancouver streets to mark Vaisakhi"</a>. <i>CBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Baisakhi+%E2%80%93+Guru+Ram+Das+Ashram&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gururamdasashram.org%2Fbaisakhi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2012/5/8/nation/11249703&sec=nation">"Sikh civil servants get Vaisakhi holiday"</a>. <i>The Star Online</i>. 8 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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APH Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788170246435" title="Special:BookSources/9788170246435"><bdi>9788170246435</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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University of Wisconsin. p. 69.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=East+Indians+in+California+%3A+a+study+of+their+organizations%2C+1900%E2%80%931947&rft.inst=University+of+Wisconsin&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Ann+Louise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fminds.wisconsin.edu%2Fhandle%2F1793%2F28610&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaisakhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFC600"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Punjabi_fairs_and_festivals" title="Template:Punjabi fairs and festivals"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Punjabi_fairs_and_festivals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Punjabi fairs and festivals (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Punjabi_fairs_and_festivals" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Punjabi fairs and festivals"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sikh_fairs_and_festivals207" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Sikh fairs and festivals</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC600">Sikh festivals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vaisakhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghi" title="Maghi">Maghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Holi</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hola_Mohalla" title="Hola Mohalla">Hola Mohalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandi_Chhor_Divas" title="Bandi Chhor Divas">Bandi Chhor Divas (Divali)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurpurb" title="Gurpurb">Gurpurb</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Nanak_Gurpurab" title="Guru Nanak Gurpurab">Guru Nanak Gurpurab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Arjan_Dev" class="mw-redirect" title="Guru Arjan Dev">Shaheedi Divas of Guru Arjan Dev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Tegh_Bahadur" title="Guru Tegh Bahadur">Shaheedi Divas of Guru Tegh Bahadur</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC600">Fairs and others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mela_Maghi" title="Mela Maghi">Mela Maghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaheedi_Jor_Mela" title="Shaheedi Jor Mela">Shaheedi Jor Mela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC600">Punjabi Sikh observances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teeyan" title="Teeyan">Teeyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lohri" title="Lohri">Lohri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basant_(festival)" title="Basant (festival)">Basant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakhri" class="mw-redirect" title="Rakhri">Rakhri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background:#FFC600"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/40px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Punjabi_festivals" title="Category:Punjabi festivals">Punjabi festivals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_Punjab,_India388" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Punjab,_India" title="Template:Punjab, India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Punjab,_India" title="Template talk:Punjab, India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Punjab,_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Punjab, India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_Punjab,_India388" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab, India</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">Capital</a>: <b><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Punjab,_India" title="Category:Punjab, India">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Punjab,_India" title="Demographics of Punjab, India">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Punjab,_India" title="Economy of Punjab, India">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Punjab,_India" title="Education in Punjab, India">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Punjab" title="History of Punjab">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porus" title="Porus">King Porus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabis" title="Punjabis">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Punjab,_India" title="Tourism in Punjab, India">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Punjab" title="Music of Punjab">Music</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Punjab_in_India.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Punjab_in_India.png/60px-Punjab_in_India.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Punjab_in_India.png/120px-Punjab_in_India.png 1.5x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="231" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_administration" title="Public administration">Administration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Punjab,_India" title="Government of Punjab, India">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab_Legislative_Assembly" title="Punjab Legislative Assembly">Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Punjab,_India" title="List of chief ministers of Punjab, India">Chief Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Punjab,_India" title="List of governors of Punjab, India">Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj_Bhavan,_Punjab" title="Raj Bhavan, Punjab">Raj Bhavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab_Police_(India)" title="Punjab Police (India)">Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_culture" title="Punjabi culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_cinema" title="Punjabi cinema">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_cuisine" title="Punjabi cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Folk_dances_of_Punjab" title="Folk dances of Punjab">Folk dances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhangra_(dance)" title="Bhangra (dance)">Bhangra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giddha" title="Giddha">Giddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aawat_pauni" title="Aawat pauni">Aawat pauni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipri_dance_(Punjab)" title="Tipri dance (Punjab)">Tipri dance (Punjab)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_folklore" title="Punjabi folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_practices_in_Punjab" title="Folk practices in Punjab">Folk practices</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanjhi" title="Sanjhi">Sanjhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gogaji" title="Gogaji">Gogaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhapar_Mela" title="Chhapar Mela">Chhapar Mela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhi_Sarwar_(saint)" title="Sakhi Sarwar (saint)">Sakhi Sarwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_fasts" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjabi fasts">Punjabi fasts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Punjab" title="Music of Punjab">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhangra_(music)" title="Bhangra (music)">Bhangra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_music_of_Punjab" title="Folk music of Punjab">Folk music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_clothing" title="Punjabi clothing">Dress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salwar" title="Salwar">Salwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_ghagra_suit" title="Punjabi ghagra suit">Punjabi ghagra suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patiala_salwar" title="Patiala salwar">Patiala salwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Tamba_and_Kurta" title="Punjabi Tamba and Kurta">Punjabi Tamba and Kurta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phulkari" title="Phulkari">Phulkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jutti" title="Jutti">Jutti</a></li></ul></li> <li>Calendars <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_calendar" title="Punjabi calendar">Punjabi calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Bikrami calendar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fairs_and_festivals_in_Punjab,_India" title="List of fairs and festivals in Punjab, India">Fairs and festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_festivals" title="Punjabi festivals">Punjabi festivals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lohri" title="Lohri">Lohri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basant_(festival)" title="Basant (festival)">Basant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghi" title="Maghi">Maghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Holi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teeyan" title="Teeyan">Teeyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakhri" class="mw-redirect" title="Rakhri">Rakhri</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vaisakhi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Religious festivals <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_festivals_in_Punjab" title="List of Hindu festivals in Punjab">Hindu festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sikh_festivals" title="List of Sikh festivals">Sikh festivals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_sports_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjabi sports (India)">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kabaddi" title="Kabaddi">Kabaddi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabaddi_in_India" title="Kabaddi in India">Kabaddi in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qila_Raipur_Sports_Festival" title="Qila Raipur Sports Festival">Qila Raipur Sports Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_kabaddi" title="Punjabi kabaddi">Punjabi kabaddi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_nationalism" title="Punjabi nationalism">Punjabi nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Suba_movement" title="Punjabi Suba movement">Punjabi Suba movement</a></li></ul></li> <li>Folk arts and crafts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chowk_poorana" title="Chowk poorana">Chowk poorana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phulkari" title="Phulkari">Phulkari</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Patiala</li> <li>Rupnagar</li> <li>Jalandhar</li> <li>Faridkot</li> <li>Firozpur</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Punjab,_India" title="List of districts of Punjab, India">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohali_district" title="Mohali district">SAS Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amritsar_district" title="Amritsar district">Sri Amritsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnala_district" title="Barnala district">Barnala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathinda_district" title="Bathinda district">Bathinda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faridkot_district" title="Faridkot district">Faridkot </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatehgarh_Sahib_district" title="Fatehgarh Sahib district">Fatehgarh Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazilka_district" title="Fazilka district">Fazilka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firozpur_district" title="Firozpur district">Firozpur </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurdaspur_district" title="Gurdaspur district">Gurdaspur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoshiarpur_district" title="Hoshiarpur district">Hoshiarpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalandhar_district" title="Jalandhar district">Jalandhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapurthala_district" title="Kapurthala district">Kapurthala </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludhiana_district" title="Ludhiana district">Ludhiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansa_district,_India" title="Mansa district, India">Mansa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moga_district" title="Moga district">Moga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathankot_district" title="Pathankot district">Pathankot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patiala_district" title="Patiala district">Patiala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Muktsar_Sahib_district" title="Sri Muktsar Sahib district">Sri Muktsar Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupnagar_district" title="Rupnagar district">Rupnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangrur_district" title="Sangrur district">Sangrur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaheed_Bhagat_Singh_Nagar_district" title="Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district">Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarn_Taran_district" title="Tarn Taran district">Tarn Taran Sahib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Chandigarh_and_Punjab,_India_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Chandigarh and Punjab, India by population">Major cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ludhiana" title="Ludhiana">Ludhiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amritsar" title="Amritsar">Amritsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalandhar" title="Jalandhar">Jalandhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patiala" title="Patiala">Patiala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathinda" title="Bathinda">Bathinda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoshiarpur" title="Hoshiarpur">Hoshiarpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohali" title="Mohali">Mohali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batala" title="Batala">Batala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathankot" title="Pathankot">Pathankot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moga,_Punjab" title="Moga, Punjab">Moga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sikhism645" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFC600; color:#000;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sikhism" title="Template:Sikhism"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#000">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sikhism" title="Template talk:Sikhism"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#000">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sikhism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sikhism"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#000">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sikhism645" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#FFC600; color:#000;;font-weight:bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Sikhism" title="Glossary of Sikhism">Glossary</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Sikhism" title="History of Sikhism">History</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600; color:#000;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sikh_gurus" title="Sikh gurus">Gurus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Nanak" title="Guru Nanak">Guru Nanak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Angad" title="Guru Angad">Guru Angad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Amar_Das" title="Guru Amar Das">Guru Amar Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Ram_Das" title="Guru Ram Das">Guru Ram Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Arjan" title="Guru Arjan">Guru Arjan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Hargobind" title="Guru Hargobind">Guru Hargobind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Har_Rai" title="Guru Har Rai">Guru Har Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Har_Krishan" title="Guru Har Krishan">Guru Har Krishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Tegh_Bahadur" title="Guru Tegh Bahadur">Guru Tegh Bahadur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="Guru Gobind Singh">Guru Gobind Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Granth_Sahib" title="Guru Granth Sahib">Guru Granth Sahib</a> (Sikh holy book)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600; color:#000;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sikh_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh philosophy">Beliefs and principles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Maneyo_Granth" title="Guru Maneyo Granth">Guru Maneyo Granth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Rehat_Maryada" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh Rehat Maryada">Sikh Rehat Maryada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_52_Hukams_of_Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="The 52 Hukams of Guru Gobind Singh">The 52 Hukams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibitions_in_Sikhism" title="Prohibitions in Sikhism">Prohibitions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_Sikhism" title="Cannabis and Sikhism">Cannabis and Sikhism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Sikhism" title="Diet in Sikhism">Diet in Sikhism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600; color:#000;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_practices" title="Category:Sikh practices">Practices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khalsa" title="Khalsa">Khalsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_practices" title="Sikh practices">Sikh practices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_rites" title="Sikh rites">Sikh rites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ard%C4%81s" title="Ardās">Ardās</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirtan" title="Kirtan">Kirtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langar_(Sikhism)" title="Langar (Sikhism)">Langar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naam_Karan" title="Naam Karan">Naam Karan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anand_Karaj" title="Anand Karaj">Anand Karaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amrit_Sanchar" class="mw-redirect" title="Amrit Sanchar">Amrit Sanchar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amrit_Vel%C4%81" title="Amrit Velā">Amrit Velā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antam_Sanskar" title="Antam Sanskar">Antam Sanskar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_pillars_of_Sikhism" title="Three pillars of Sikhism">Three Pillars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirat_Karo" title="Kirat Karo">Kirat Karo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naam_Japo" title="Naam Japo">Naam Japo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vand_Chhako" title="Vand Chhako">Vand Chhako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Five_Ks" class="mw-redirect" title="The Five Ks">The Five Ks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simran" title="Simran">Simran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seva_(Indian_religions)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seva (Indian religions)">Sewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charhdi_Kala" class="mw-redirect" title="Charhdi Kala">Charhdi Kala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasvand" class="mw-redirect" title="Dasvand">Dasvand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhatka" title="Jhatka">Jhatka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600; color:#000;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_scripture" title="Category:Sikh scripture">Scripture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Granth_Sahib" title="Guru Granth Sahib">Guru Granth Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasam_Granth" title="Dasam Granth">Dasam Granth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarbloh_Granth" title="Sarbloh Granth">Sarbloh Granth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurbani" title="Gurbani">Gurbani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mul_Mantar" title="Mul Mantar">Mul Mantar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japji_Sahib" title="Japji Sahib">Japji Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaupai_(Sikhism)" title="Chaupai (Sikhism)">Chaupai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaap_Sahib" title="Jaap Sahib">Jaap Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehras" title="Rehras">Rehras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhmani_Sahib" title="Sukhmani Sahib">Sukhmani Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tav-Prasad_Savaiye" class="mw-redirect" title="Tav-Prasad Savaiye">Tav-Prasad Savaiye</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600; color:#000;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sikh_architecture" title="Sikh architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gurdwara" title="Gurdwara">Gurdwara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Temple" title="Golden Temple">Harmandir Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurdwara_Janam_Asthan" title="Gurdwara Janam Asthan">Janam Asthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurdwara_Darbar_Sahib_Kartarpur" title="Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur">Darbar Sahib Kartarpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gurdwaras" title="List of gurdwaras">List</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gurdwaras#Africa" title="List of gurdwaras">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gurdwaras#Asia" title="List of gurdwaras">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gurdwaras#Europe" title="List of gurdwaras">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gurdwaras#North_America" title="List of gurdwaras">North America</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahadurgarh_Fort" title="Bahadurgarh Fort">Bahadurgarh Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fateh_Burj" title="Fateh Burj">Fateh Burj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazuri_Bagh_Baradari" title="Hazuri Bagh Baradari">Hazuri Bagh Baradari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesgarh_Qila" class="mw-redirect" title="Kesgarh Qila">Kesgarh Qila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanda_museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Khanda museum">Khanda museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moti_Bagh_Palace" title="Moti Bagh Palace">Moti Bagh Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanak_Shahi_bricks" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanak Shahi bricks">Nanak Shahi bricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pul_Kanjri" title="Pul Kanjri">Pul Kanjri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qila_Mubarak,_Patiala" title="Qila Mubarak, Patiala">Qila Mubarak, Patiala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramgarhia_Bunga" title="Ramgarhia Bunga">Ramgarhia Bunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samadhi_of_Ranjit_Singh" title="Samadhi of Ranjit Singh">Samadhi of Ranjit Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well_of_Dina_Nath" title="Well of Dina Nath">Well of Dina Nath</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600; color:#000;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_by_country" title="Sikhism by country">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_diaspora" title="Sikh diaspora">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Afghanistan" title="Sikhism in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Australia" title="Sikhism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Austria" title="Sikhism in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Bangladesh" title="Sikhism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Belgium" title="Sikhism in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Canada" title="Sikhism in Canada">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Greater_Vancouver" title="Sikhism in Greater Vancouver">Vancouver</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_China" title="Sikhism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Denmark" title="Sikhism in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Fiji" title="Sikhism in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Finland" title="Sikhism in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_France" title="Sikhism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Germany" title="Sikhism in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Greece" title="Sikhism in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_India" title="Sikhism in India">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Sikhism in Jammu and Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochin_Sikhs" title="Cochin Sikhs">Kochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Punjab,_India#Sikhism_in_Punjab" title="Demographics of Punjab, India">Punjab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Indonesia" title="Sikhism in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Iran" title="Sikhism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Iraq" title="Sikhism in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Italy" title="Sikhism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Japan" title="Sikhism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Malaysia" title="Sikhism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Nepal" title="Sikhism in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Sikhism in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_New_Zealand" title="Sikhism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Niue" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikhism in Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Norway" title="Sikhism in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Pakistan" title="Sikhism in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Panama" title="Sikhism in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Poland" title="Sikhism in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Singapore" title="Sikhism in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_South_Africa" title="Sikhism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_South_Korea" title="Sikhism in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Sweden" title="Sikhism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Switzerland" title="Sikhism in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Thailand" title="Sikhism in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Sikhism in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Sikhism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_England" title="Sikhism in England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Scotland" title="Sikhism in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Wales" title="Sikhism in Wales">Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Sikhism in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_the_United_States" title="Sikhism in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikhs_in_the_United_States_military" title="Sikhs in the United States military">U.S. Military</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600; color:#000;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Groups, sects<br />and communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sects_of_Sikhism" title="Sects of Sikhism">Sects of Sikhism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khalsa" title="Khalsa">Khalsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mina_(Sikhism)" title="Mina (Sikhism)">Mina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namdhari" title="Namdhari">Namdhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanakpanthi" title="Nanakpanthi">Nanakpanthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihang" title="Nihang">Nihang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirankari" title="Nirankari">Nirankari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewapanthi" title="Sewapanthi">Sewapanthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirmala_(sect)" title="Nirmala (sect)">Nirmala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramraiya" title="Ramraiya">Ramraiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udasi" title="Udasi">Udasi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazhabi_Sikh" title="Mazhabi Sikh">Mazhabi Sikh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piara_Singh_Bhaniara" title="Piara Singh Bhaniara">Piara Singh Bhaniara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrahari_Sikh" title="Agrahari Sikh">Agrahari Sikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatha" title="Jatha">Jatha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Damdami_Taksal" title="Damdami Taksal">Damdami Taksal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhand_Kirtani_Jatha" title="Akhand Kirtani Jatha">Akhand Kirtani Jatha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singh_Sabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Singh Sabha">Singh Sabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Sant_Mat_movements" title="Contemporary Sant Mat movements">Contemporary Sant Mat movements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3HO" title="3HO">3HO</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600; color:#000;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFC600; color:#000;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sikh_Empire" title="Template:Sikh Empire"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#000">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sikh_Empire" title="Template talk:Sikh Empire"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#000">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sikh_Empire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sikh Empire"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#000">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sikh_Empire132" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600; color:#000;;width:1%">Rulers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ranjit_Singh" title="Ranjit Singh">Ranjit Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharak_Singh" title="Kharak Singh">Kharak Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nau_Nihal_Singh" title="Nau Nihal Singh">Nau Nihal Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chand_Kaur" title="Chand Kaur">Chand Kaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sher_Singh" title="Sher Singh">Sher Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jind_Kaur" title="Jind Kaur">Jind Kaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duleep_Singh" title="Duleep Singh">Duleep Singh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600; color:#000;;width:1%">Military<br />conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600; color:#000;;width:1%">Mughal-Sikh Wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bhangani" title="Battle of Bhangani">Battle of Bhangani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nadaun" title="Battle of Nadaun">Nadaun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Basoli" title="Battle of Basoli">Basoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Anandpur" class="mw-redirect" title="First Battle of Anandpur">1st Anandpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Anandpur" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Battle of Anandpur">2nd Anandpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chamkaur_(1704)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Chamkaur (1704)">Chamkaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarsa" title="Battle of Sarsa">Sarsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Muktsar" title="Battle of Muktsar">Muktsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sonepat" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Sonepat">Sonepat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Samana" title="Battle of Samana">Samana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sirhind" title="Siege of Sirhind">Sirhind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sadhaura" title="Battle of Sadhaura">Sadhaura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chappar_Chiri" title="Battle of Chappar Chiri">Chappar Chiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rahon_(1710)" title="Battle of Rahon (1710)">Rahon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lohgarh" title="Battle of Lohgarh">Lohgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jalalabad_(1710)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Jalalabad (1710)">Jalalabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jammu" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Jammu">Jammu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gurdas_Nangal" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Gurdas Nangal">Gurdas Nangal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Delhi_(1783)" title="Battle of Delhi (1783)">Delhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600; color:#000;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Afghan%E2%80%93Sikh_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan–Sikh wars">Afghan–Sikh wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Attock" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Attock">Battle of Attock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Multan" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Multan">Battle of Multan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shopian" title="Battle of Shopian">Battle of Shopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nowshera" title="Battle of Nowshera">Battle of Nowshera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Peshawar_(1834)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Peshawar (1834)">Battle of Peshawar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jamrud" title="Battle of Jamrud">Battle of Jamrud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600; color:#000;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Sikh_War" title="First Anglo-Sikh War">First Anglo-Sikh War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mudki" title="Battle of Mudki">Battle of Mudki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ferozeshah" title="Battle of Ferozeshah">Battle of Ferozeshah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aliwal" title="Battle of Aliwal">Battle of Aliwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sobraon" title="Battle of Sobraon">Battle of Sobraon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600; color:#000;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Sikh_War" title="Second Anglo-Sikh War">Second Anglo-Sikh War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramnagar" title="Battle of Ramnagar">Battle of Ramnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chillianwala" title="Battle of Chillianwala">Battle of Chillianwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Multan_(1848%E2%80%931849)" title="Siege of Multan (1848–1849)">Siege of Multan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gujrat" title="Battle of Gujrat">Battle of Gujrat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600; color:#000;;width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Nepal%E2%80%93Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepal–Sikh War">Nepal–Sikh War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dogra%E2%80%93Tibetan_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogra–Tibetan War">Sino-Sikh war</a>, Katoch–Sikh War, Hill States–Sikh Wars, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Panchayati_Revolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panchayati Revolution (page does not exist)">Panchayati Revolution</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_involving_the_Sikh_Empire" title="List of battles involving the Sikh Empire">List of battles involving the Sikh Empire</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600; color:#000;;width:1%">Military forces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Khalsa_Army" title="Sikh Khalsa Army">Sikh Khalsa Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauj-i-Khas" title="Fauj-i-Khas">Fauj-i-Khas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauj-i-Ain" title="Fauj-i-Ain">Fauj-i-Ain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampu-i-mu%27alla" title="Kampu-i-mu'alla">Kampu-i-mu'alla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600; color:#000;;width:1%">Adversaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Afghanistan" title="Emirate of Afghanistan">Emirate of Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">British East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal" title="Kingdom of Nepal">Kingdom of Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_States_of_India" title="Hill States of India">Hill States Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mankera" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Mankera">Kingdom of Mankera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namgyal_dynasty_of_Ladakh" title="Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh">Namgyal dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barakzai_dynasty" title="Barakzai dynasty">Barakzai dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudhan" title="Sudhan">Sudhans</a> of Poonch</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maqpon_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Maqpon Dynasty">Maqpon Dynasty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600; color:#000;;width:1%">Forts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamrud_Fort" title="Jamrud Fort">Jamrud Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multan_Fort" title="Multan Fort">Multan Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harkishangarh" class="mw-redirect" title="Harkishangarh">Harkishangarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Fort" title="Lahore Fort">Lahore Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zorawar_Fort" title="Zorawar Fort">Zorawar Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahu_Fort" title="Bahu Fort">Bahu Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gobindgarh_Fort" title="Gobindgarh Fort">Gobindgarh Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillaur_Fort" title="Phillaur Fort">Phillaur Fort</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600; color:#000;;width:1%">Officials and warriors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600; color:#000;;width:1%">Natives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhian_Singh" title="Dhian Singh">Dhian Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwan_Dina_Nath" title="Diwan Dina Nath">Diwan Dina Nath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwan_Bhawani_Das" title="Diwan Bhawani Das">Diwan Bhawani Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwan_Buta_Singh" title="Diwan Buta Singh">Diwan Buta Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratap_Singh_(Sikh_prince)" title="Pratap Singh (Sikh prince)">Pratap Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misr_Diwan_Chand" title="Misr Diwan Chand">Misr Diwan Chand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwan_Mulraj_Chopra" title="Diwan Mulraj Chopra">Diwan Mulraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hari_Singh_Nalwa" title="Hari Singh Nalwa">Hari Singh Nalwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahan_Singh_Mirpuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahan Singh Mirpuri">Mahan Singh Mirpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Mokham_Chand" title="Dewan Mokham Chand">Dewan Mokham Chand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khushal_Singh_Jamadar" title="Khushal Singh Jamadar">Khushal Singh Jamadar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zorawar_Singh_(Dogra_general)" title="Zorawar Singh (Dogra general)">Zorawar Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tej_Singh" title="Tej Singh">Tej Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Singh" title="Lal Singh">Lal Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulab_Singh" title="Gulab Singh">Gulab Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balbhadra_Kunwar" title="Balbhadra Kunwar">Balbhadra Kunwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawahar_Singh_(wazir)" title="Jawahar Singh (wazir)">Jawahar Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehta_Basti_Ram" title="Mehta Basti Ram">Mehta Basti Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sham_Singh_Attariwalla" class="mw-redirect" title="Sham Singh Attariwalla">Sham Singh Attariwalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sher_Singh_Attariwalla" title="Sher Singh Attariwalla">Sher Singh Attariwalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chattar_Singh_Attariwalla" title="Chattar Singh Attariwalla">Chattar Singh Attariwalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desa_Singh_Majithia" title="Desa Singh Majithia">Desa Singh Majithia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amar_Singh_Majithia" title="Amar Singh Majithia">Amar Singh Majithia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehna_Singh_Majithia" title="Lehna Singh Majithia">Lehna Singh Majithia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjodh_Singh_Majithia" title="Ranjodh Singh Majithia">Ranjodh Singh Majithia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surat_Singh" title="Surat Singh">Surat Singh Majithia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangal_Singh_Ramgarhia" title="Mangal Singh Ramgarhia">Mangal Singh Ramgarhia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akali_Phula_Singh" title="Akali Phula Singh">Akali Phula Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandu_Lal" title="Chandu Lal">Chandu Lal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajit_Singh_Sandhawalia" title="Ajit Singh Sandhawalia">Ajit Singh Sandhawalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahan_Singh_Nakai" title="Kahan Singh Nakai">Kahan Singh Nakai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangat_Singh_Saini" title="Sangat Singh Saini">Sangat Singh Saini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardar_Hukma_Singh" title="Sardar Hukma Singh">Hukma Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veer_Singh_Dhillon" title="Veer Singh Dhillon">Veer Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarnail_Ghaus_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Jarnail Ghaus Khan">Jarnail Ghaus Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilahi_Bakhsh" title="Ilahi Bakhsh">Ilahi Bakhsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakir_Azizuddin" title="Fakir Azizuddin">Fakir Azizuddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Mahmud_Khan" title="Sultan Mahmud Khan">Sultan Mahmud Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_Fateh_Khan_Tiwana" title="Malik Fateh Khan Tiwana">Malik Fateh Khan Tiwana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sohan_Lal_Suri" title="Sohan Lal Suri">Sohan Lal Suri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moti_Ram" title="Moti Ram">Moti Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwan_Ram_Dayal" title="Diwan Ram Dayal">Diwan Ram Dayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwan_Kirpa_Ram" title="Diwan Kirpa Ram">Diwan Kirpa Ram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600; color:#000;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_officials_of_the_Sikh_Empire" title="Foreign officials of the Sikh Empire">Foreigners</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Allard" title="Jean-François Allard">Jean-François Allard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Ventura" title="Jean-Baptiste Ventura">Jean-Baptiste Ventura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Auguste_Court" title="Claude Auguste Court">Claude Auguste Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Henri_Mouton" title="François Henri Mouton">François Henri Mouton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Gardner_(soldier)" title="Alexander Gardner (soldier)">Alexander Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Avitabile" title="Paolo Avitabile">Paolo Avitabile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Harlan" title="Josiah Harlan">Josiah Harlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Martin_Honigberger" title="Johann Martin Honigberger">Johann Martin Honigberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Lawrence_(Indian_Army_officer)" title="Henry Lawrence (Indian Army officer)">Henry Lawrence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600; color:#000;;width:1%">Influential families</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sandhawalia" title="Sandhawalia">Sandhawalia family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majithia_family" title="Majithia family">Majithia family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiwana_family_of_Shahpur" title="Tiwana family of Shahpur">Tiwana family</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600; color:#000;;width:1%">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amritsar_(1809)" title="Treaty of Amritsar (1809)">Treaty of Amritsar (1809)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Treaty_(1838)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tripartite Treaty (1838)">Tripartite Treaty (1838)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Chushul" title="Treaty of Chushul">Treaty of Chushul (1842)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lahore" title="Treaty of Lahore">Treaty of Lahore (1846)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amritsar_(1846)" title="Treaty of Amritsar (1846)">Treaty of Amritsar (1846)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600; color:#000;;width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khalsa_Darbar_records" title="Khalsa Darbar records">Khalsa Darbar records</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600; color:#000;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sikh_festivals" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh festivals">Festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandi_Chhor_Divas" title="Bandi Chhor Divas">Bandi Chhor Divas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hola_Mohalla" title="Hola Mohalla">Hola Mohalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghi" title="Maghi">Maghi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mela_Maghi" title="Mela Maghi">Mela Maghi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vaisakhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600; color:#000;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sikh_culture" title="Sikh culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_art" title="Sikh art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_music" title="Sikh music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_Sikhism" title="Category:Films about Sikhism">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_literature" title="Category:Sikh literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_music" title="Category:Sikh music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_names" title="Sikh names">Names</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600; color:#000;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikhism" title="Category:Sikhism">Other topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sikhism" title="History of Sikhism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ik_Onkar" title="Ik Onkar">Ik Onkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waheguru" title="Waheguru">Waheguru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanda_(Sikh_symbol)" title="Khanda (Sikh symbol)">Khanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panj_Pyare" title="Panj Pyare">Panj Pyare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_places" title="Category:Sikh places">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_politics" title="Category:Sikh politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhs_in_the_British_Indian_Army" title="Sikhs in the British Indian Army">Sikhs in the British Indian Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/11th_Sikh_Regiment" title="11th Sikh Regiment">11th Sikh Regiment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Regiment" title="Sikh Regiment">Sikh Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Light_Infantry" title="Sikh Light Infantry">Sikh Light Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramananda" title="Ramananda">Ramananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fariduddin_Ganjshakar" class="mw-redirect" title="Fariduddin Ganjshakar">Fariduddin Ganjshakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabir" title="Kabir">Kabir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardar" title="Sardar">Sardar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dastar" title="Dastar">Dastar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharamyudh_(Sikhism)" title="Dharamyudh (Sikhism)">Dharamyudh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_Sikhism" title="Islam and Sikhism">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_and_Sikhism" title="Jainism and Sikhism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Sikhism" title="Hinduism and Sikhism">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rama_in_Sikhism" title="Rama in Sikhism">Rama</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikhs" title="Category:Sikhs">Sikhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravidassia" title="Ravidassia">Ravidassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Sikhism" title="Women in Sikhism">Women in Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_and_sexual_orientation" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikhism and sexual orientation">Sikhism and sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fiction_about_Sikhism" title="Category:Fiction about Sikhism">In Fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idolatry_in_Sikhism" title="Idolatry in Sikhism">Idolatry in Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Sikhism" title="Criticism of Sikhism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Punjab" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Punjab">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabis" title="Punjabis">Punjabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi language</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurmukhi script">Gurmukhī</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_trees_in_Sikhism" title="Sacred trees in Sikhism">Sacred trees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600; color:#000;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Panj_Takht" title="Panj Takht">Takht</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akal_Takht" title="Akal Takht">Akal Takht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takht_Sri_Damdama_Sahib" title="Takht Sri Damdama Sahib">Damdama Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takht_Kesgarh_Sahib" title="Takht Kesgarh Sahib">Kesgarh Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazur_Sahib_Nanded" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazur Sahib Nanded">Hazur Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takht_Sri_Patna_Sahib" title="Takht Sri Patna Sahib">Patna Sahib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#FFC600; color:#000;;font-weight:bold;"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/20px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/40px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Sikhism" title="Outline of Sikhism">Outline</a> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/40px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Sikhism" title="Category:Sikhism">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="20px&#124;link=Hinduism_Festivals_in_the_Hindu_calendar556" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFA500"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hindu_festivals" title="Template:Hindu festivals"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hindu_festivals" title="Template talk:Hindu festivals"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu_festivals" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu festivals"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="20px&#124;link=Hinduism_Festivals_in_the_Hindu_calendar556" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/20px-Om_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/40px-Om_symbol.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_festivals" title="List of Hindu festivals"><span style="color:black">Festivals in the Hindu calendar</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFA500;width:1%;background:#FFC569">Major festivals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayudha_Puja" title="Ayudha Puja">Ayudha Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhath" title="Chhath">Chhath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga_Puja" title="Durga Puja">Durga Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesh_Chaturthi" title="Ganesh Chaturthi">Ganesh Chaturthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Holi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Janmashtami" title="Krishna Janmashtami">Krishna Janmashtami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maha_Shivaratri" title="Maha Shivaratri">Maha Shivaratri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navaratri" title="Navaratri">Navaratri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Navami" title="Rama Navami">Rama Navami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaipusam" title="Thaipusam">Thaipusam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayadashami" title="Vijayadashami">Vijayadashami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFA500;width:1%;background:#FFC569"><a href="/wiki/Harvest_festival" title="Harvest festival"><span style="color:black">Harvest festivals</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhogi" title="Bhogi">Bhogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lohri" title="Lohri">Lohri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghi" title="Maghi">Maghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghe_Sankranti" title="Maghe Sankranti">Maghe Sankranti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makar_Sankranti" title="Makar Sankranti">Makar Sankranti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makaravilakku" title="Makaravilakku">Makaravilakku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onam" title="Onam">Onam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pongal_(festival)" title="Pongal (festival)">Pongal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pusn%C3%A2" title="Pusnâ">Pusnâ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakrain" title="Shakrain">Shakrain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFA500;width:1%;background:#FFC569"><a href="/wiki/Indian_New_Year%27s_days" title="Indian New Year's days"><span style="color:black">New year's days</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balipratipada" title="Balipratipada">Balipratipada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohag_Bihu" title="Bohag Bihu">Bohag Bihu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisu_Parba" title="Bisu Parba">Bisu Parba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navaratri#Chaitra_Navaratri" title="Navaratri">Chaitra Navaratri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheti_Chand" title="Cheti Chand">Cheti Chand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudi_Padwa" title="Gudi Padwa">Gudi Padwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesha_Sankranti" title="Mesha Sankranti">Mesha Sankranti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mha_Puja" title="Mha Puja">Mha Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jur_Sital" title="Jur Sital">Jur Sital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navreh" title="Navreh">Navreh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyepi" title="Nyepi">Nyepi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pana_Sankranti" title="Pana Sankranti">Pana Sankranti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahela_Baishakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Pahela Baishakh">Pahela Baishakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puthandu" title="Puthandu">Puthandu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajibu_Nongma_Panba" title="Sajibu Nongma Panba">Sajibu Nongma Panba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankranti" title="Sankranti">Sankranti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugadi" title="Ugadi">Ugadi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vaisakhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishu" title="Vishu">Vishu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFA500;width:1%;background:#FFC569">Other festivals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aadi_Perukku" title="Aadi Perukku">Aadi Perukku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaubeej" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhaubeej">Bhaubeej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datta_Jayanti" title="Datta Jayanti">Datta Jayanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhanteras" title="Dhanteras">Dhanteras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaura_(festival)" title="Gaura (festival)">Gaura Parva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gowri_Habba" class="mw-redirect" title="Gowri Habba">Gowri Habba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman_Jayanti" title="Hanuman Jayanti">Hanuman Jayanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali_Puja" title="Kali Puja">Kali Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karthika_Deepam" title="Karthika Deepam">Karthika Deepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karva_Chauth" title="Karva Chauth">Karva Chauth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_Hindu_festivals" title="Kashmiri Hindu festivals">Kashmiri Hindu festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi_Puja" title="Lakshmi Puja">Lakshmi Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbh_Mela" title="Kumbh Mela">Kumbh Mela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahalakshmi_Vrata" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahalakshmi Vrata">Mahalakshmi Vrata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahamaham" title="Mahamaham">Mahamaham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panguni_Uthiram" title="Panguni Uthiram">Panguni Uthiram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pargat_Diwas" title="Pargat Diwas">Pargat Diwas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raksha_Bandhan" title="Raksha Bandhan">Raksha Bandhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratha-Yatra" class="mw-redirect" title="Ratha-Yatra">Ratha-Yatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savitri_Vrata" title="Savitri Vrata">Savitri Vrata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teej" title="Teej">Teej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulasi_Vivaha" title="Tulasi Vivaha">Tulasi Vivaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaikasi_Visakam" title="Vaikasi Visakam">Vaikasi Visakam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFA500;width:1%;background:#FFC569">Holy days</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akshaya_Tritiya" title="Akshaya Tritiya">Akshaya Tritiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalaka_Ekadashi" title="Amalaka Ekadashi">Amalaka Ekadashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amavasya" title="Amavasya">Amavasya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananta_Chaturdashi" title="Ananta Chaturdashi">Ananta Chaturdashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashadhi_Ekadashi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashadhi Ekadashi">Ashadhi Ekadashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Purnima" title="Guru Purnima">Guru Purnima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamada_Ekadashi" title="Kamada Ekadashi">Kamada Ekadashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartik_Purnima" class="mw-redirect" title="Kartik Purnima">Kartik Purnima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_Panchami" title="Naga Panchami">Naga Panchami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naraka_Chaturdashi" title="Naraka Chaturdashi">Naraka Chaturdashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narali_Purnima" class="mw-redirect" title="Narali Purnima">Narali Purnima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirjala_Ekadashi" title="Nirjala Ekadashi">Nirjala Ekadashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pausha_Putrada_Ekadashi" title="Pausha Putrada Ekadashi">Pausha Putrada Ekadashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabodhini_Ekadashi" title="Prabodhini Ekadashi">Prabodhini Ekadashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradosha" title="Pradosha">Pradosha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishi_Panchami" title="Rishi Panchami">Rishi Panchami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankashti_Chaturthi" title="Sankashti Chaturthi">Sankashti Chaturthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharad_Purnima" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharad Purnima">Sharad Purnima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shayani_Ekadashi" title="Shayani Ekadashi">Shayani Ekadashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shravana_Putrada_Ekadashi" title="Shravana Putrada Ekadashi">Shravana Putrada Ekadashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaikuntha_Ekadashi" title="Vaikuntha Ekadashi">Vaikuntha Ekadashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varuthini_Ekadashi" title="Varuthini Ekadashi">Varuthini Ekadashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasant_Panchami" title="Vasant Panchami">Vasant Panchami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vat_Purnima" class="mw-redirect" title="Vat Purnima">Vat Purnima</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFA500;width:1%;background:#FFC569"><a href="/wiki/Balinese_people" title="Balinese people"><span style="color:black">Balinese festivals</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galungan" title="Galungan">Galungan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyepi" title="Nyepi">Nyepi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFA500;width:1%;background:#FFC569">Holy periods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaturmasya" title="Chaturmasya">Chaturmasya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitru_Paksha" title="Pitru Paksha">Pitru Paksha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarayana" title="Uttarayana">Uttarayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakshinayana" title="Dakshinayana">Dakshinayana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#FFA500"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/40px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_festivals" title="Category:Hindu festivals"><span style="color:black">Hindu festivals</span></a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="15px&#124;link=Aum_Hinduism_14px_topics723" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#FFC569;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hindudharma" title="Template:Hindudharma"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hindudharma" title="Template talk:Hindudharma"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hindudharma" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hindudharma"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="15px&#124;link=Aum_Hinduism_14px_topics723" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aum" title="Aum"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Aum_Om_red.svg/20px-Aum_Om_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Aum_Om_red.svg/40px-Aum_Om_red.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HinduSwastika.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/HinduSwastika.svg/20px-HinduSwastika.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/HinduSwastika.svg/40px-HinduSwastika.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="145" /></a></span> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#FFC569;;font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Hinduism_terms" title="Glossary of Hinduism terms">Glossary</a></li> <li>Index</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Hinduism">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Hinduism_terms" title="Glossary of Hinduism terms">Concepts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om">Om</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishvara" title="Ishvara">Ishvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80tman_(Hinduism)" title="Ātman (Hinduism)">Atman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_(religion)" title="Maya (religion)">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">Karma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra" title="Saṃsāra">Saṃsāra</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puru%E1%B9%A3%C4%81rtha" title="Puruṣārtha">Puruṣārthas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artha" title="Artha">Artha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kama" title="Kama">Kama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">Moksha</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_in_religion#Hindu_ethics" title="Ethics in religion">Niti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achourya" title="Achourya">Asteya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aparigraha" class="mw-redirect" title="Aparigraha">Aparigraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmacarya" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmacarya">Brahmacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya" title="Satya">Satya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na" title="Dāna">Dāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_(virtue)#Hinduism" title="Temperance (virtue)">Damah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compassion#Hinduism" title="Compassion">Dayā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akrodha" title="Akrodha">Akrodha</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Schools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80stika_and_n%C4%81stika" title="Āstika and nāstika">Āstika</a>: <a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyaya" title="Nyaya">Nyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaisheshika" title="Vaisheshika">Vaisheshika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%ABm%C4%81%E1%B9%83s%C4%81" title="Mīmāṃsā">Mīmāṃsā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sv%C4%81bh%C4%81vika_Bhed%C4%81bheda" class="mw-redirect" title="Svābhāvika Bhedābheda">Svābhāvika Bhedābheda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dvaita_Vedanta" title="Dvaita Vedanta">Dvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vishishtadvaita" title="Vishishtadvaita">Vishishtadvaita</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80stika_and_n%C4%81stika" title="Āstika and nāstika">Nāstika</a>: <a href="/wiki/Charvaka" title="Charvaka">Charvaka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Hindu "Om" symbol"><img alt="Hindu "Om" symbol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Aum_Om_navy_blue_circle_hollow_coral.svg/120px-Aum_Om_navy_blue_circle_hollow_coral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Aum_Om_navy_blue_circle_hollow_coral.svg/250px-Aum_Om_navy_blue_circle_hollow_coral.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="507" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">Texts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aruti" title="Śruti">Śruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sm%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Smṛti">Smṛti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajurveda" title="Yajurveda">Yajurveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaveda" title="Samaveda">Samaveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharvaveda" title="Atharvaveda">Atharvaveda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_chant" title="Vedic chant">Samhita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmana" title="Brahmana">Brahmana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aranyaka" title="Aranyaka">Aranyaka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aitareya_Upanishad" title="Aitareya Upanishad">Aitareya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaushitaki_Upanishad" title="Kaushitaki Upanishad">Kaushitaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brihadaranyaka_Upanishad" title="Brihadaranyaka Upanishad">Brihadaranyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isha_Upanishad" title="Isha Upanishad">Isha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taittiriya_Upanishad" title="Taittiriya Upanishad">Taittiriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katha_Upanishad" title="Katha Upanishad">Katha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maitrayaniya_Upanishad" title="Maitrayaniya Upanishad">Maitrayaniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shvetashvatara_Upanishad" title="Shvetashvatara Upanishad">Shvetashvatara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandogya_Upanishad" title="Chandogya Upanishad">Chandogya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kena_Upanishad" title="Kena Upanishad">Kena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundaka_Upanishad" title="Mundaka Upanishad">Mundaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandukya_Upanishad" title="Mandukya Upanishad">Mandukya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prashna_Upanishad" title="Prashna Upanishad">Prashna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Upaveda" class="mw-redirect" title="Upaveda">Upavedas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_martial_arts" title="Indian martial arts">Dhanurveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natya_Shastra" title="Natya Shastra">Natyaveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple_architecture" title="Hindu temple architecture">Sthapatyaveda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vedanga" title="Vedanga">Vedanga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shiksha" title="Shiksha">Shiksha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_prosody" title="Sanskrit prosody">Chandas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vy%C4%81kara%E1%B9%87a" title="Vyākaraṇa">Vyākaraṇa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirukta" title="Nirukta">Nirukta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalpa_(Vedanga)" title="Kalpa (Vedanga)">Kalpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyotisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Jyotisha">Jyotisha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_texts" title="List of Hindu texts">Other</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_(Hinduism)" title="Agama (Hinduism)">Agamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itihasa-Purana" title="Itihasa-Purana">Itihasas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishads#Classification" title="Upanishads">Minor Upanishads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthashastra" title="Arthashastra">Arthashastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitisara" title="Nitisara">Nitisara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma%C5%9B%C4%81stra" title="Dharmaśāstra">Dharmaśāstra</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manusmriti" title="Manusmriti">Manusmriti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81radasm%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Nāradasmṛti">Nāradasmṛti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C4%81j%C3%B1avalkya_Sm%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Yājñavalkya Smṛti">Yājñavalkya Smṛti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutra" title="Sutra">Sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stotra" title="Stotra">Stotras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhashita" title="Subhashita">Subhashita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantras_(Hinduism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tantras (Hinduism)">Tantras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Vasistha" title="Yoga Vasistha">Yoga Vasistha</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Sutras_of_Patanjali" title="Yoga Sutras of Patanjali">Yoga Sutras of Patanjali</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sangam_literature" title="Sangam literature">Sangam literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tirumurai" title="Tirumurai">Tirumurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divya_Prabandham" class="mw-redirect" title="Divya Prabandham">Divya Prabandham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirumuruk%C4%81%E1%B9%9F%E1%B9%9Fuppa%E1%B9%ADai" title="Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai">Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruppugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiruppugal">Thiruppugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirukkural" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirukkural">Thirukkural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamba_Ramayanam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamba Ramayanam">Kamba Ramayanam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Great_Epics" title="Five Great Epics">Five Great Epics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighteen_Greater_Texts" title="Eighteen Greater Texts">Eighteen Greater Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighteen_Lesser_Texts" title="Eighteen Lesser Texts">Eighteen Lesser Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athichudi" title="Athichudi">Athichudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraiyanar_Akapporul" title="Iraiyanar Akapporul">Iraiyanar Akapporul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abhirami_Antati" class="mw-redirect" title="Abhirami Antati">Abhirami Antati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvilaiyadal_Puranam" title="Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam">Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayagar_Agaval" title="Vinayagar Agaval">Vinayagar Agaval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedarthasamgraha" title="Vedarthasamgraha">Vedarthasamgraha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_deities" title="Hindu deities">Deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Gods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trimurti" title="Trimurti">Trimurti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agni" title="Agni">Agni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dattatreya" title="Dattatreya">Dattatreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartikeya" title="Kartikeya">Kartikeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya" title="Surya">Surya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varuna" title="Varuna">Varuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vayu" title="Vayu">Vayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_gods" title="Category:Hindu gods"><i>more</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Devi" title="Devi">Goddesses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tridevi" title="Tridevi">Tridevi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhumi_(goddess)" title="Bhumi (goddess)">Bhumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali">Kali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavidya" title="Mahavidya">Mahavidya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrika" class="mw-redirect" title="Matrika">Matrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rukmini" title="Rukmini">Rukmini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sati_(Hindu_goddess)" title="Sati (Hindu goddess)">Sati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakti" title="Shakti">Shakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashthi" title="Shashthi">Shashthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_goddesses" title="Category:Hindu goddesses"><i>more</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Worship_in_Hinduism" title="Worship in Hinduism">Worship</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple" title="Hindu temple">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murti" title="Murti">Murti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puja_(Hinduism)" title="Puja (Hinduism)">Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">Bhakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japa" title="Japa">Japa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhajan" title="Bhajan">Bhajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naivedhya" class="mw-redirect" title="Naivedhya">Naivedhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajna" title="Yajna">Yajna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homa_(ritual)" title="Homa (ritual)">Homa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapas_(Indian_religions)" title="Tapas (Indian religions)">Tapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhy%C4%81na_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhyāna in Hinduism">Dhyāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_pilgrimage_sites_in_India" title="Hindu pilgrimage sites in India">Tirthatana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sanskara_(rite_of_passage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskara (rite of passage)">Sanskaras</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garbhadhana" title="Garbhadhana">Garbhadhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumsavana" title="Pumsavana">Pumsavana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumsavana_Simantonayana" title="Pumsavana Simantonayana">Simantonayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatakarma" title="Jatakarma">Jatakarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81makara%E1%B9%87a" title="Nāmakaraṇa">Namakarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishkramana" title="Nishkramana">Nishkramana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annaprashana" title="Annaprashana">Annaprashana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chudakarana" title="Chudakarana">Chudakarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnavedha" title="Karnavedha">Karnavedha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidy%C4%81ra%E1%B9%83bha%E1%B9%83" title="Vidyāraṃbhaṃ">Vidyarambha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanayana" title="Upanayana">Upanayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshanta" title="Keshanta">Keshanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritu_Kala_Samskaram" title="Ritu Kala Samskaram">Ritushuddhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samavartanam" title="Samavartanam">Samavartanam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaah" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivaah">Vivaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antyesti" title="Antyesti">Antyeshti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;">Varnashrama</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Varna_(Hinduism)" title="Varna (Hinduism)">Varna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kshatriya" title="Kshatriya">Kshatriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishya" title="Vaishya">Vaishya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shudra" title="Shudra">Shudra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashrama_(stage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashrama (stage)">Ashrama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmacarya" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmacarya">Brahmacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grihastha" title="Grihastha">Grihastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanaprastha" title="Vanaprastha">Vanaprastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sannyasa" title="Sannyasa">Sannyasa</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_festivals" title="List of Hindu festivals">Festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Holi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maha_Shivaratri" title="Maha Shivaratri">Shivaratri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raksha_Bandhan" title="Raksha Bandhan">Raksha Bandhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navaratri" title="Navaratri">Navaratri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Durga_Puja" title="Durga Puja">Durga Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramlila" title="Ramlila">Ramlila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayadashami" title="Vijayadashami">Vijayadashami</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesh_Chaturthi" title="Ganesh Chaturthi">Ganesh Chaturthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Navami" title="Rama Navami">Rama Navami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Janmashtami" title="Krishna Janmashtami">Janmashtami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onam" title="Onam">Onam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pongal_(festival)" title="Pongal (festival)">Pongal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makar_Sankranti" title="Makar Sankranti">Makar Sankranti</a></li> <li>New Year <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bihu" title="Bihu">Bihu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudi_Padwa" title="Gudi Padwa">Gudi Padwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahela_Baishakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Pahela Baishakh">Pahela Baishakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puthandu" title="Puthandu">Puthandu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vaisakhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishu" title="Vishu">Vishu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugadi" title="Ugadi">Ugadi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbh_Mela" title="Kumbh Mela">Kumbh Mela</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haridwar_Kumbh_Mela" title="Haridwar Kumbh Mela">Haridwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashik-Trimbakeshwar_Simhastha" title="Nashik-Trimbakeshwar Simhastha">Nashik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayag_Kumbh_Mela" title="Prayag Kumbh Mela">Prayag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ujjain_Simhastha" title="Ujjain Simhastha">Ujjain</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ratha_Yatra_(Puri)" title="Ratha Yatra (Puri)">Ratha Yatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teej" title="Teej">Teej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasant_Panchami" title="Vasant Panchami">Vasant Panchami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hindu_festivals" title="Template:Hindu festivals">Others</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sv%C4%81dhy%C4%81ya" title="Svādhyāya">Svādhyāya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namaste" title="Namaste">Namaste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bindi_(decoration)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bindi (decoration)">Bindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilaka" title="Tilaka">Tilaka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hinduism" title="Portal:Hinduism">Related</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindus#Etymology" title="Hindus">Etymology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Hindus" title="Lists of Hindus">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_denominations" title="Hindu denominations">Denominations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_law" title="Hindu law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hindu_sentiment" title="Anti-Hindu sentiment">Anti-Hindu sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Hinduism" title="Criticism of Hinduism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_gurus_and_sants" title="List of Hindu gurus and sants">Hindu gurus and sants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_studies" title="Hindu studies">Hindu studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_iconography" title="Hindu iconography">Iconography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_pilgrimage_sites" title="Hindu pilgrimage sites">Pilgrimage sites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_pilgrimage_sites_in_India" title="Hindu pilgrimage sites in India">India</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_other_religions" title="Hinduism and other religions">Relations with other religions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_and_Hinduism" title="Baháʼí Faith and Hinduism">Baháʼí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Hinduism" title="Buddhism and Hinduism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93Islamic_relations" title="Hindu–Islamic relations">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_and_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jainism and Hinduism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Judaism" title="Hinduism and Judaism">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Sikhism" title="Hinduism and Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Theosophy" title="Hinduism and Theosophy">Theosophy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Hinduism_terms" title="Glossary of Hinduism terms">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_by_country" title="Hinduism by country">Hinduism by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temples" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu temples">Hindu temples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_temples" title="List of Hindu temples">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple_architecture" title="Hindu temple architecture">Architecture</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#FFC569;;font-weight:bold;"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/20px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/40px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Hinduism" title="Outline of Hinduism">Outline</a><br /> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/40px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Hinduism" title="Category:Hinduism">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/20px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/40px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Hinduism" title="Portal:Hinduism">Portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/20px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/40px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Hinduism" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Hinduism">WikiProject</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_Year_by_calendar67" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Year_by_Calendar" title="Template:New Year by Calendar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Year_by_Calendar" title="Template talk:New Year by Calendar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Year_by_Calendar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Year by Calendar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_Year_by_calendar67" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Year" title="New Year">New Year</a> by <a href="/wiki/Calendar" title="Calendar">calendar</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enkutatash" title="Enkutatash">Enkutatash</a> (Ethiopian, Eritrean)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fandroana" title="Fandroana">Fandroana</a> (Malagasy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_New_Year" title="Islamic New Year">Islamic New Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayrouz" title="Nayrouz">Nayrouz</a> (Coptic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yennayer" title="Yennayer">Yennayer</a> (Berber)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_New_Year" title="Aztec New Year">Yancuic Xīhuitl</a> (Aztec)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quviasukvik" title="Quviasukvik">Quviasukvik</a> (Inuit)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobiyee" title="Hobiyee">Hobiyee</a> (Nisg̱a'a)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inti_Raymi" title="Inti Raymi">Inti Raymi</a> (Incan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willkakuti" title="Willkakuti">Willkakuti</a> (Aymara)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Tripantu" title="We Tripantu">We Tripantu</a> (Mapuche)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Year" title="Chinese New Year">Chinese New Year</a> (Chinese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_New_Year" title="Japanese New Year">Shōgatsu</a> (Japanese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_New_Year" title="Korean New Year">Seollal</a> (Korean)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_New_Year" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese New Year">Kuè-nî</a> (Taiwanese)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tsagaan_Sar" title="Tsagaan Sar">Tsagaan Sar</a> (Mongolian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Losar" title="Losar">Losar</a> (Tibetan)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thingyan" title="Thingyan">Thingyan</a> (Burmese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_New_Year" title="Cambodian New Year">Choul Chnam Thmey</a> (Cambodian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_New_Year" title="Lao New Year">Pi Mai</a> (Lao)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songkran_(Thailand)" title="Songkran (Thailand)">Songkran</a> (Thai)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water-Splashing_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Water-Splashing Festival">Water-Splashing Festival</a> (Dai)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyepi" title="Nyepi">Nyepi</a> (Balinese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satu_Suro" title="Satu Suro">Satu Suro</a> (Javanese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%BFt" title="Tết">Tết</a> (Vietnamese)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nauruz_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nauruz in Afghanistan">Nauruz</a> (Afghan)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vaisakhi</a> (North & Central India (Solar), Nepali)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navaratri#Chaitra_Navaratri" title="Navaratri">Chaitra Navaratri</a> (North & Central India (Lunar))</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navreh" title="Navreh">Navreh</a> (Kashmiri)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheti_Chand" title="Cheti Chand">Cheti Chand</a> (Sindhi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balipratipada" title="Balipratipada">Balipratipada</a> (Gujarati, Rajasthani)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohag_Bihu" title="Bohag Bihu">Bohag Bihu</a> (Assamese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahela_Baishakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Pahela Baishakh">Pahela Baishakh</a> (Bengali)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pana_Sankranti" title="Pana Sankranti">Pana Sankranti</a> (Odia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jur_Sital" title="Jur Sital">Jur Sital</a> (Maithili)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mha_Puja" title="Mha Puja">Mha Puja</a> (Newari)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Losoong_Festival" title="Losoong Festival">Losoong</a> (Sikkimese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Losar" title="Losar">Losar</a> (Ladakhi, Monpa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyalpo_Lhosar" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyalpo Lhosar">Gyalpo Lhosar</a> (Sherpa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamu_Lhosar" title="Tamu Lhosar">Tamu Lhosar</a> (Gurung)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonam_Lhosar" title="Sonam Lhosar">Sonam Lhosar</a> (Tamang)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makar_Sankranti" title="Makar Sankranti">Maghe Sankranti</a> (Rai, Tharu, Magar)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bwisagu" title="Bwisagu">Bwisagu</a> (Bodo)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajibu_Nongma_Panba" title="Sajibu Nongma Panba">Sajibu Cheiraoba</a> (Meitei)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buisu" title="Buisu">Buisu</a> (Tripuri)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangken" title="Sangken">Sangken</a> (Tai)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bizhu" title="Bizhu">Bizhu</a> (Chakma)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudi_Padwa" title="Gudi Padwa">Gudi Padwa</a> (Marathi, Konkani)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugadi" title="Ugadi">Ugadi</a> (Telugu, Kannada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisu_Parba" title="Bisu Parba">Bisu Parba</a> (Tulu)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puthandu" title="Puthandu">Puthandu</a> (Tamil)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishu" title="Vishu">Vishu</a> (Malayali)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_New_Year" title="Sinhalese New Year">Aluth Avurudda</a> (Sinhala)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West<br />and Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_New_Year" title="Islamic New Year">Islamic New Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kha_b-Nisan" title="Kha b-Nisan">Kha b-Nisan</a> (Assyrian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navruz_in_Uzbekistan" title="Navruz in Uzbekistan">Navruz</a> (Uzbek)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Naw-R%C3%BAz" title="Baháʼí Naw-Rúz">Naw-Rúz</a> (Baháʼí)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newroz_as_celebrated_by_Kurds" title="Newroz as celebrated by Kurds">Newroz</a> (Kurd)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazidi_New_Year" title="Yazidi New Year">Yazidi New Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novruz_in_Azerbaijan" title="Novruz in Azerbaijan">Novruz</a> (Azeri)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowruz" title="Nowruz">Nowruz</a> (Iranian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowruz_Eve_among_Mazandarani_people" title="Nowruz Eve among Mazandarani people">Nowruz</a> (Mazandarani)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosh_Hashanah" title="Rosh Hashanah">Rosh Hashanah</a> (Hebrew)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehwa_Rabba" title="Dehwa Rabba">Dehwa Rabba</a> (Mandaean)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogbon" title="Nogbon">Nogbon</a> (Ossetian)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yhyakh" title="Yhyakh">Yhyakh</a> (Sakha)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day" title="New Year's Day">New Year's Day</a> (Gregorian, Julian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_New_Year" title="Old New Year">Old New Year</a> (traditional Julian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Day#Non-religious_significance" title="Lady Day">Lady Day</a> (England, historical)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Makahiki" title="Makahiki">Makahiki</a> (Hawaii)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matariki" title="Matariki">Matariki</a> (Māori)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See Also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_New_Year" title="Lunar New Year">Lunar New Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_New_Year" title="Solar New Year">Solar New Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_and_Southeast_Asian_solar_New_Year" title="South and Southeast Asian solar New Year">South and Southeast Asian solar New Year</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mesha_Sankranti" title="Mesha Sankranti">Mesha Sankranti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songkran" class="mw-redirect" title="Songkran">Songkran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_New_Year%27s_days" title="Indian New Year's days">Indian New Year's days</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox506" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" 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