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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Cell Membrane</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">395 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Cell Membrane</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Membrane">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Membrane/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Membrane/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Membrane/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Cell_Membrane">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_78681807" data-work_id="78681807" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78681807/Microcurrent_Frequencies_Effect_on_the_Cell_Membrane_Potential">Microcurrent Frequencies' Effect on the Cell Membrane Potential</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Research shows that cellular and mitochondrial (ΔΨm) membrane potentials are strong indicators of cellular physiology. In this paper we review further research suggesting that microcurrent frequencies can positively influence both these... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_78681807" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Research shows that cellular and mitochondrial (ΔΨm) membrane potentials are strong indicators of cellular physiology. In this paper we review further research suggesting that microcurrent frequencies can positively influence both these membrane potentials. The goal of this research is to show how microcurrent might stimulate physiological potentials in order to support a healthy function of bioelectric fields of cells and organs. In the second part of the article, a study to examine the effects of microcurrent application on the body's response to electric measurements is presented, in particular to a change in voltage-current lag known as a phase angle. The test involved measuring bioimpedance of a person before and after a 30-minute application with microcurrent stimulation. Fifteen healthy subjects were examined through impedance measurements taken on one arm. The results showed a consistent increase in phase angle directly after the stimulation, confirming a widely accepted indication of health improvement on a cellular level. These results are encouraging and justify further investigations on the effect of microcurrent stimulation on the human body in relation to general cellular health and regenerative functions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/78681807" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d44870670dd43450dde8ee76d73092b9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":85643943,"asset_id":78681807,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85643943/download_file?st=MTczMzAyMzE1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="17468829" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarcusSchmieke">Marcus Schmieke</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="17468829" type="text/json">{"id":17468829,"first_name":"Marcus","last_name":"Schmieke","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarcusSchmieke","display_name":"Marcus Schmieke","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarcusSchmieke?f_ri=2468093","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17468829/4856564/67150714/s65_marcus.schmieke.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_78681807 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="78681807"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 78681807, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_78681807", }); 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In this paper we review further research suggesting that microcurrent frequencies can positively influence both these membrane potentials. The goal of this research is to show how microcurrent might stimulate physiological potentials in order to support a healthy function of bioelectric fields of cells and organs. In the second part of the article, a study to examine the effects of microcurrent application on the body's response to electric measurements is presented, in particular to a change in voltage-current lag known as a phase angle. The test involved measuring bioimpedance of a person before and after a 30-minute application with microcurrent stimulation. Fifteen healthy subjects were examined through impedance measurements taken on one arm. The results showed a consistent increase in phase angle directly after the stimulation, confirming a widely accepted indication of health improvement on a cellular level. These results are encouraging and justify further investigations on the effect of microcurrent stimulation on the human body in relation to general cellular health and regenerative functions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":85643943,"asset_id":78681807,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":17468829,"first_name":"Marcus","last_name":"Schmieke","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarcusSchmieke","display_name":"Marcus Schmieke","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarcusSchmieke?f_ri=2468093","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17468829/4856564/67150714/s65_marcus.schmieke.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":40131,"name":"Holistic Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Holistic_Health?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false},{"id":46578,"name":"Cell and Molecular 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u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68151991" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this report, we have investigated the contribution of primary sequence to the carbohydrate requirement for intracellular transport of two closely related glycoproteins, the G proteins of the San Juan and Orsay strains of vesicular stomatitis virus. We used site-directed mutagenesis of the coding sequence to eliminate the two consensus sites for glycosylation in the Orsay G protein. Whereas the nonglycosylated San Juan G protein required at least one of its two asparagine-linked oligosaccharides for transport to the plasma membrane at 37 degrees C, a fraction of the Orsay G protein was transported without carbohydrate. Of the 10 amino acid differences between these two proteins, residue 172 (tyrosine in San Juan, aspartic acid in Orsay) played the major role in determining the stringency for the carbohydrate requirement. The rates at which the glycosylated and nonglycosylated Orsay G proteins were transported to the cell surface were the same, although a smaller fraction of the no...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68151991" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7fb3059b03bfb748d0c5acb539c82e2b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78729854,"asset_id":68151991,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78729854/download_file?st=MTczMzAyMzE1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36463958" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CMachamer">C. 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The rates at which the glycosylated and nonglycosylated Orsay G proteins were transported to the cell surface were the same, although a smaller fraction of the no...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78729854,"asset_id":68151991,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36463958,"first_name":"C.","last_name":"Machamer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CMachamer","display_name":"C. 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Specific mussel antibodies were obtained from mouse and used in confocal microscopy and Western blotting. These techniques allowed the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36103397" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Previous works revealed the presence of the nPKC enzyme p105 in hemocytes of M. galloprovincialis Lmk. Specific mussel antibodies were obtained from mouse and used in confocal microscopy and Western blotting. These techniques allowed the observation of p105 cytosol-to-membrane translocation induced by TPA for the first time in hemocytes of molluscs. The incubation of mussel immune cells with TPA for longer than 30 min also triggered a down-regulation process. Mussel hemocytes are an excellent model to study the molecular processes of innate immunity.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36103397" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="74840f6e6c46c90fac6d913685ebce2b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55994478,"asset_id":36103397,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55994478/download_file?st=MTczMzAyMzE1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="50146524" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LCastroMercado">Luis Gabriel Castro Mercado</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="50146524" type="text/json">{"id":50146524,"first_name":"Luis Gabriel","last_name":"Castro Mercado","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LCastroMercado","display_name":"Luis Gabriel Castro Mercado","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LCastroMercado?f_ri=2468093","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/50146524/27149694/25556896/s65_luis_gabriel.castro_mercado.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36103397 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36103397"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36103397, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36103397", }); 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Specific mussel antibodies were obtained from mouse and used in confocal microscopy and Western blotting. These techniques allowed the observation of p105 cytosol-to-membrane translocation induced by TPA for the first time in hemocytes of molluscs. The incubation of mussel immune cells with TPA for longer than 30 min also triggered a down-regulation process. 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class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="167" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology">Physiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="167" type="text/json">{"id":167,"name":"Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="95704" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypothalamus">Hypothalamus</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="95704" type="text/json">{"id":95704,"name":"Hypothalamus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypothalamus?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="151086" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peptides">Peptides</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="151086" type="text/json">{"id":151086,"name":"Peptides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peptides?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165467" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rat_Brain">Rat Brain</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="165467" type="text/json">{"id":165467,"name":"Rat Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rat_Brain?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8778372]'), work: {"id":8778372,"title":"The effect of melanotropic peptides on binding of [ 3H]dihydroalprenolol-hydrochloride to hypothalamic membranes","created_at":"2014-10-14T13:02:30.638-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8778372/The_effect_of_melanotropic_peptides_on_binding_of_3H_dihydroalprenolol_hydrochloride_to_hypothalamic_membranes?f_ri=2468093","dom_id":"work_8778372","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48006240,"asset_id":8778372,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":18924572,"first_name":"ruth","last_name":"monica","domain_name":"ui","page_name":"ruthmonica","display_name":"ruth monica","profile_url":"https://ui.academia.edu/ruthmonica?f_ri=2468093","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":167,"name":"Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false},{"id":95704,"name":"Hypothalamus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypothalamus?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false},{"id":151086,"name":"Peptides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peptides?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false},{"id":165467,"name":"Rat Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rat_Brain?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats?f_ri=2468093"},{"id":564879,"name":"Wistar Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wistar_Rats?f_ri=2468093"},{"id":976412,"name":"Alpha MSH","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alpha_MSH?f_ri=2468093"},{"id":1010725,"name":"Protein Binding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_Binding?f_ri=2468093"},{"id":1453163,"name":"Dissociation Constant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dissociation_Constant?f_ri=2468093"},{"id":2468093,"name":"Cell Membrane","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Membrane?f_ri=2468093"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10323731" data-work_id="10323731" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10323731/Reduced_Folate_Carrier_Tissue_Distribution_and_Effects_of_Chronic_Ethanol_Intake_in_the_Micropig">Reduced Folate Carrier: Tissue Distribution and Effects of Chronic Ethanol Intake in the Micropig</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Folate deficiency is common in alcoholic patients, in part due to abnormal transport across membranes relevant to folate homeostasis. The reduced folate carrier (RFC) transports monoglutamyl folates across tissue membranes and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10323731" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Folate deficiency is common in alcoholic patients, in part due to abnormal transport across membranes relevant to folate homeostasis. The reduced folate carrier (RFC) transports monoglutamyl folates across tissue membranes and could be affected by chronic exposure to ethanol. The micropig model is suitable to study the effect of alcoholism on RFC and folate transport across membranes.Methods: The membrane transport of [3H]-folic acid was measured by a vacuum filtration method in jejunal brush border (JBB), liver plasma membrane (LPM), and kidney brush border (KBB) membranes vesicles from micropigs fed control or 40% ethanol diets for 12 months. RFC transcripts were analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in jejunal mucosa, liver, and kidney from the same animals.Results: When we compared results from three relevant membranes in control animals, the transport of [3H]-folic acid was highest in LPM, 3-fold lower in KBB (p < 0.001), and 6-fold lower in JBB (p < 0.001). The concentration of RFC transcripts per total RNA was greatest in liver, followed by kidney and jejunum. The transport of [3H]-folic acid by JBB vesicles from chronic ethanol-fed animals exhibited 2-fold lower Km and Vmax (p < 0.05), whereas there was no ethanol effect on the Vmax of [3H]-folic acid transport by LPM or KBB. RFC transcript levels were 10-fold lower in jejunal mucosa from ethanol-fed animals than in control-fed animals (p < 0.005).Conclusions: Although our findings demonstrate different RFC transcript amounts and transport efficiencies among tissues, the present studies suggest that chronic ethanol exposure decreases the intestinal absorption of folic acid by altering the expression of RFC and consequently its transport kinetics in JBB. These findings provide a mechanism for the clinical finding of reduced folic acid absorption in chronic alcoholics.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10323731" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="57f0b2df874f979b3db9145b744df4d9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47438900,"asset_id":10323731,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47438900/download_file?st=MTczMzAyMzE1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25307938" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JesusVillanueva6">Jesus Villanueva</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25307938" type="text/json">{"id":25307938,"first_name":"Jesus","last_name":"Villanueva","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JesusVillanueva6","display_name":"Jesus Villanueva","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JesusVillanueva6?f_ri=2468093","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25307938/6921090/7807171/s65_jesus.villanueva.jpg_oh_80fd52b268585457b64b797137d5884b_oe_555cf2b2___gda___1431622071_3dc2c14e4331510a9d0000dd4aa90d08"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10323731 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10323731"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10323731, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10323731", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10323731]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10323731").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10323731").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10323731"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11298" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Membrane_Proteins">Membrane Proteins</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11298" type="text/json">{"id":11298,"name":"Membrane Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Membrane_Proteins?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21408" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Folic_acid">Folic acid</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21408" type="text/json">{"id":21408,"name":"Folic acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Folic_acid?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71294" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kidney">Kidney</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="71294" type="text/json">{"id":71294,"name":"Kidney","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kidney?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10323731]'), work: {"id":10323731,"title":"Reduced Folate Carrier: Tissue Distribution and Effects of Chronic Ethanol Intake in the Micropig","created_at":"2015-01-25T07:43:53.836-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10323731/Reduced_Folate_Carrier_Tissue_Distribution_and_Effects_of_Chronic_Ethanol_Intake_in_the_Micropig?f_ri=2468093","dom_id":"work_10323731","summary":"Background: Folate deficiency is common in alcoholic patients, in part due to abnormal transport across membranes relevant to folate homeostasis. The reduced folate carrier (RFC) transports monoglutamyl folates across tissue membranes and could be affected by chronic exposure to ethanol. The micropig model is suitable to study the effect of alcoholism on RFC and folate transport across membranes.Methods: The membrane transport of [3H]-folic acid was measured by a vacuum filtration method in jejunal brush border (JBB), liver plasma membrane (LPM), and kidney brush border (KBB) membranes vesicles from micropigs fed control or 40% ethanol diets for 12 months. RFC transcripts were analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in jejunal mucosa, liver, and kidney from the same animals.Results: When we compared results from three relevant membranes in control animals, the transport of [3H]-folic acid was highest in LPM, 3-fold lower in KBB (p \u003c 0.001), and 6-fold lower in JBB (p \u003c 0.001). The concentration of RFC transcripts per total RNA was greatest in liver, followed by kidney and jejunum. The transport of [3H]-folic acid by JBB vesicles from chronic ethanol-fed animals exhibited 2-fold lower Km and Vmax (p \u003c 0.05), whereas there was no ethanol effect on the Vmax of [3H]-folic acid transport by LPM or KBB. RFC transcript levels were 10-fold lower in jejunal mucosa from ethanol-fed animals than in control-fed animals (p \u003c 0.005).Conclusions: Although our findings demonstrate different RFC transcript amounts and transport efficiencies among tissues, the present studies suggest that chronic ethanol exposure decreases the intestinal absorption of folic acid by altering the expression of RFC and consequently its transport kinetics in JBB. These findings provide a mechanism for the clinical finding of reduced folic acid absorption in chronic alcoholics.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47438900,"asset_id":10323731,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":25307938,"first_name":"Jesus","last_name":"Villanueva","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JesusVillanueva6","display_name":"Jesus Villanueva","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JesusVillanueva6?f_ri=2468093","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25307938/6921090/7807171/s65_jesus.villanueva.jpg_oh_80fd52b268585457b64b797137d5884b_oe_555cf2b2___gda___1431622071_3dc2c14e4331510a9d0000dd4aa90d08"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false},{"id":11298,"name":"Membrane Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Membrane_Proteins?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false},{"id":21408,"name":"Folic 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type="text/json">{"id":5303,"name":"Carbon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21732" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Spectroscopy">Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21732" type="text/json">{"id":21732,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Spectroscopy?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="52055" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lipids">Lipids</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="52055" type="text/json">{"id":52055,"name":"Lipids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lipids?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10771207]'), work: 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particles</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26040780" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3fa3db4905004421649e8cbd6932b176" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46379966,"asset_id":26040780,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7700" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescence_Microscopy">Fluorescence Microscopy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7700" type="text/json">{"id":7700,"name":"Fluorescence Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescence_Microscopy?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18529" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescent_Dyes_and_Reagents">Fluorescent Dyes and Reagents</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="18529" type="text/json">{"id":18529,"name":"Fluorescent Dyes and Reagents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescent_Dyes_and_Reagents?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26040780]'), work: {"id":26040780,"title":"Enumeration of soil bacteria with the green fluorescent nucleic acid dye Sytox green in the presence of soil 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data-has-card-for-ri="28235" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="134095" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muscles">Muscles</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="134095" type="text/json">{"id":134095,"name":"Muscles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muscles?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="375054" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats">Rats</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="375054" type="text/json">{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2468093" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Membrane">Cell Membrane</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2468093" type="text/json">{"id":2468093,"name":"Cell Membrane","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Membrane?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32309441]'), work: {"id":32309441,"title":"Promising Therapy for Cell Membrane Damage","created_at":"2017-04-06T21:34:48.747-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32309441/Promising_Therapy_for_Cell_Membrane_Damage?f_ri=2468093","dom_id":"work_32309441","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52522691,"asset_id":32309441,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":51081168,"first_name":"Raphael","last_name":"Lee","domain_name":"chicago","page_name":"RaphaelCLee","display_name":"Raphael C 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itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31850636/Multicellular_Stalk_Like_Structures_in_Saccharomyces_cerevisiae">Multicellular Stalk-Like Structures in Saccharomyces cerevisiae</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31850636" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8aa8c0c53bcef05094ff65899b72891a" rel="nofollow" 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If two... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_60077900" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Membrane-permeable calmodulin inhibitors, such as the napthalenesulfonamide derivatives W-7/W-13, trifluoperazine, and calmidazolium, are used widely to investigate the role of calcium/calmodulin (Ca 2+/CaM) in living cells. 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u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4039070" data-work_id="4039070" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4039070/Removal_of_heavy_metals_using_a_brewer_s_yeast_strain_of_Saccharomyces_cerevisiae_The_flocculation_as_a_separation_process">Removal of heavy metals using a brewer’s yeast strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: The flocculation as a separation process</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this work, a brewer’s yeast strain was used to remove heavy metals from a synthetic effluent. The solid–liquid separation process was carried out using the flocculation ability of the strain. The yeast strain was able to sediment in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4039070" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this work, a brewer’s yeast strain was used to remove heavy metals from a synthetic effluent. The solid–liquid separation process was carried out using the flocculation ability of the strain. The yeast strain was able to sediment in the presence of Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ and Cr3+, which evidences that the flocculation can be used as a cheap and natural separation process for an enlarged range of industrial effluents. For a biomass concentration higher than 0.5 g/l, more than 95% of the cells were settled after 5 min; this fact shows that the auto-aggregation of yeast biomass is a rapid and efficient separation process. Cells inactivated at 45 °C maintain the sedimentation characteristics, while cells inactivated at 80 °C lose partially (40%) the flocculation.The passage of metal-loaded effluent through a series of sequential batches allowed, after the second batch, the reduction of the Ni2+concentration in solution for values below the legal limit of discharge of wastewater in natural waters (2 mg/l); this procedure corresponds to a removal of 91%. A subsequent batch had a marginal effect on Ni2+ removal (96%).Together, the results obtained suggest that the use of brewing flocculent biomass looks a promising alternative in the bioremediation of metal-loaded industrial effluents since the removal of the heavy metals and cell separation are simultaneously achieved.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4039070" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7c155fa78b70afdf89c6862d7c6ca43d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50068313,"asset_id":4039070,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50068313/download_file?st=MTczMzAyMzE1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4855966" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MachadoManuela">Manuela Machado</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4855966" type="text/json">{"id":4855966,"first_name":"Manuela","last_name":"Machado","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MachadoManuela","display_name":"Manuela Machado","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MachadoManuela?f_ri=2468093","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4855966/2080787/2448076/s65_manuela.machado.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4039070 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4039070"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4039070, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4039070", }); 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The solid–liquid separation process was carried out using the flocculation ability of the strain. The yeast strain was able to sediment in the presence of Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ and Cr3+, which evidences that the flocculation can be used as a cheap and natural separation process for an enlarged range of industrial effluents. For a biomass concentration higher than 0.5 g/l, more than 95% of the cells were settled after 5 min; this fact shows that the auto-aggregation of yeast biomass is a rapid and efficient separation process. Cells inactivated at 45 °C maintain the sedimentation characteristics, while cells inactivated at 80 °C lose partially (40%) the flocculation.The passage of metal-loaded effluent through a series of sequential batches allowed, after the second batch, the reduction of the Ni2+concentration in solution for values below the legal limit of discharge of wastewater in natural waters (2 mg/l); this procedure corresponds to a removal of 91%. A subsequent batch had a marginal effect on Ni2+ removal (96%).Together, the results obtained suggest that the use of brewing flocculent biomass looks a promising alternative in the bioremediation of metal-loaded industrial effluents since the removal of the heavy metals and cell separation are simultaneously achieved.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50068313,"asset_id":4039070,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4855966,"first_name":"Manuela","last_name":"Machado","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MachadoManuela","display_name":"Manuela 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Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of 10-substituted hydroxy-10 H-acridin-9-ones against human keratinocyte growth</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7205952" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c5323b361534f3fb1be77e7074dde29f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48562844,"asset_id":7205952,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48562844/download_file?st=MTczMzAyMzE1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12502407" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AleksandarPutic">Aleksandar Putic</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12502407" type="text/json">{"id":12502407,"first_name":"Aleksandar","last_name":"Putic","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AleksandarPutic","display_name":"Aleksandar Putic","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AleksandarPutic?f_ri=2468093","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12502407/10250165/11439231/s65_aleksandar.putic.jpg_oh_d867a60823ce7332ae8f2572487851f9_oe_56a474b8___gda___1453233234_fd4cb6d9bc33794d853d0f48d69a47c4"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7205952 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7205952"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7205952, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7205952", }); 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type="text/json">{"id":112334,"name":"Methanol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methanol?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="121705" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethanol">Ethanol</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="121705" type="text/json">{"id":121705,"name":"Ethanol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethanol?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128789" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stainless_Steel">Stainless Steel</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="128789" type="text/json">{"id":128789,"name":"Stainless Steel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stainless_Steel?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7385950]'), work: {"id":7385950,"title":"Stimulatory effect of alcohols (methanol and 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of the major constituents in energy metabolism and biosynthesis of nucleic acids and cell membranes with an important role in regulation of a number of enzymes. Soil phosphorous is an important macronutrient for... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7646563" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Phosphorus (P) is one of the major constituents in energy metabolism and biosynthesis of nucleic acids and cell membranes with an important role in regulation of a number of enzymes. Soil phosphorous is an important macronutrient for plant growth. Phosphorus deficiency in soil is a major problem for agricultural production. Total soil P occurs in either organic or in organic form. Phytic acid as phytate (salts of phytic acid) is the major form of organic phosphorus in soil and it is not readily available to plants as a source of phosphorus because it either forms a complex with cations or adsorbs to various soil components. Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms are ubiquitous in soils and could play an important role in supplying P to plants. Microorganisms utilizing phytate are found in cultivated soils as well as in wetland, grassland and forest soils. Various fungi and bacteria (including plant growth promoting rhizobacteria) hydrolyze this organic form of phosphorus secreting phosphatases such as phytases and acidic/alkaline phosphatases. A large number of transgenic plants have been developed which were able to utilize sodium phytate as sole source of phosphorus. However, the recombinant phytases were similar to their wild type counterparts in terms of their properties. Increased phytase/phosphatase activity in transgenic plants may be an effective approach to promote their phytate-phosphorus utilization. The extracellular phytase activity of transgenic plant roots is a significant factor in the utilization of phosphorus from phytate. Furthermore, this indicated that an opportunity exists for using gene technology to improve the ability of plants to utilize accumulated forms of soil organic phosphorus. This review is focused on the role of phytases and phytase producing microbes in promoting the growth of different plants.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7646563" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="92b09c145931816f9c9124e2988e5025" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48385802,"asset_id":7646563,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48385802/download_file?st=MTczMzAyMzE1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13853034" href="https://independent.academia.edu/bijendersingh5">bijender singh</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13853034" type="text/json">{"id":13853034,"first_name":"bijender","last_name":"singh","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"bijendersingh5","display_name":"bijender singh","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/bijendersingh5?f_ri=2468093","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7646563 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7646563"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7646563, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7646563", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7646563]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7646563").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7646563").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7646563"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="36213" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Metabolism">Energy Metabolism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="36213" type="text/json">{"id":36213,"name":"Energy Metabolism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Metabolism?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53108" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="53108" type="text/json">{"id":53108,"name":"Phosphorus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phosphorus?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="66260" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forest_soil_nutrition">Forest soil nutrition</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="66260" type="text/json">{"id":66260,"name":"Forest soil nutrition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forest_soil_nutrition?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="116907" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress_physiology_and_molecular_biology_of_plants">Stress physiology and molecular biology of plants</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="116907" type="text/json">{"id":116907,"name":"Stress physiology and molecular biology of plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress_physiology_and_molecular_biology_of_plants?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7646563]'), work: {"id":7646563,"title":"Microbial phytases in phosphorus acquisition and plant growth promotion","created_at":"2014-07-12T23:58:56.475-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7646563/Microbial_phytases_in_phosphorus_acquisition_and_plant_growth_promotion?f_ri=2468093","dom_id":"work_7646563","summary":"Phosphorus (P) is one of the major constituents in energy metabolism and biosynthesis of nucleic acids and cell membranes with an important role in regulation of a number of enzymes. Soil phosphorous is an important macronutrient for plant growth. Phosphorus deficiency in soil is a major problem for agricultural production. Total soil P occurs in either organic or in organic form. Phytic acid as phytate (salts of phytic acid) is the major form of organic phosphorus in soil and it is not readily available to plants as a source of phosphorus because it either forms a complex with cations or adsorbs to various soil components. Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms are ubiquitous in soils and could play an important role in supplying P to plants. Microorganisms utilizing phytate are found in cultivated soils as well as in wetland, grassland and forest soils. Various fungi and bacteria (including plant growth promoting rhizobacteria) hydrolyze this organic form of phosphorus secreting phosphatases such as phytases and acidic/alkaline phosphatases. A large number of transgenic plants have been developed which were able to utilize sodium phytate as sole source of phosphorus. However, the recombinant phytases were similar to their wild type counterparts in terms of their properties. Increased phytase/phosphatase activity in transgenic plants may be an effective approach to promote their phytate-phosphorus utilization. The extracellular phytase activity of transgenic plant roots is a significant factor in the utilization of phosphorus from phytate. Furthermore, this indicated that an opportunity exists for using gene technology to improve the ability of plants to utilize accumulated forms of soil organic phosphorus. This review is focused on the role of phytases and phytase producing microbes in promoting the growth of different plants.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48385802,"asset_id":7646563,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":13853034,"first_name":"bijender","last_name":"singh","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"bijendersingh5","display_name":"bijender singh","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/bijendersingh5?f_ri=2468093","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":36213,"name":"Energy Metabolism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Metabolism?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false},{"id":53108,"name":"Phosphorus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phosphorus?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false},{"id":66260,"name":"Forest soil nutrition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forest_soil_nutrition?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false},{"id":116907,"name":"Stress physiology and molecular biology of plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress_physiology_and_molecular_biology_of_plants?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false},{"id":127006,"name":"Plant growth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_growth?f_ri=2468093"},{"id":167145,"name":"Agricultural Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agricultural_Production?f_ri=2468093"},{"id":204435,"name":"Alkaline phosphatase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alkaline_phosphatase?f_ri=2468093"},{"id":231661,"name":"Enzyme","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme?f_ri=2468093"},{"id":280709,"name":"Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Growth_Promoting_Rhizobacteria?f_ri=2468093"},{"id":1137850,"name":"Plant Growth Promotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Growth_Promotion?f_ri=2468093"},{"id":1243158,"name":"Transgenic plant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transgenic_plant?f_ri=2468093"},{"id":1727314,"name":"Nucleic Acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nucleic_Acid?f_ri=2468093"},{"id":2468093,"name":"Cell Membrane","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Membrane?f_ri=2468093"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9356807" data-work_id="9356807" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9356807/Transmembrane_agrin_regulates_filopodia_in_rat_hippocampal_neurons_in_culture">Transmembrane agrin regulates filopodia in rat hippocampal neurons in culture</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9356807" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ce8f5e82d66efae80959bf2fef6da853" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47810067,"asset_id":9356807,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47810067/download_file?st=MTczMzAyMzE1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" 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InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9356807"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9356807; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9356807]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9356807").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9356807").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9356807"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57556" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hippocampus">Hippocampus</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="57556" type="text/json">{"id":57556,"name":"Hippocampus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hippocampus?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57808" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_line">Cell line</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="57808" type="text/json">{"id":57808,"name":"Cell line","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_line?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="132019" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Axon_Guidance">Axon Guidance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="132019" type="text/json">{"id":132019,"name":"Axon Guidance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Axon_Guidance?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9356807]'), work: {"id":9356807,"title":"Transmembrane agrin regulates filopodia in rat hippocampal neurons in culture","created_at":"2014-11-17T10:04:48.624-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9356807/Transmembrane_agrin_regulates_filopodia_in_rat_hippocampal_neurons_in_culture?f_ri=2468093","dom_id":"work_9356807","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47810067,"asset_id":9356807,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":21665704,"first_name":"Seumas","last_name":"McCroskery","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SeumasMcCroskery","display_name":"Seumas McCroskery","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SeumasMcCroskery?f_ri=2468093","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21665704/5953134/6757659/s65_seumas.mccroskery.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false},{"id":57556,"name":"Hippocampus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hippocampus?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false},{"id":57808,"name":"Cell line","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_line?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false},{"id":132019,"name":"Axon Guidance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Axon_Guidance?f_ri=2468093","nofollow":false},{"id":193974,"name":"Neurons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurons?f_ri=2468093"},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats?f_ri=2468093"},{"id":594811,"name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cellular_and_Molecular_Neuroscience?f_ri=2468093"},{"id":620070,"name":"Transfection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transfection?f_ri=2468093"},{"id":1137723,"name":"Pseudopodia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pseudopodia?f_ri=2468093"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2468093"},{"id":1665626,"name":"Neurite Outgrowth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurite_Outgrowth?f_ri=2468093"},{"id":1915529,"name":"Agrin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agrin?f_ri=2468093"},{"id":2468093,"name":"Cell Membrane","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Membrane?f_ri=2468093"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9836877 coauthored" data-work_id="9836877" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9836877/Gene_delivery_by_cationic_lipid_vectors_overcoming_cellular_barriers">Gene delivery by cationic lipid vectors: overcoming cellular barriers</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Non-viral vectors such as cationic lipids are capable of delivering nucleic acids, including genes, siRNA or antisense RNA into cells, thus potentially resulting in their functional expression. These vectors are considered as an... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9836877" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Non-viral vectors such as cationic lipids are capable of delivering nucleic acids, including genes, siRNA or antisense RNA into cells, thus potentially resulting in their functional expression. These vectors are considered as an attractive alternative for virus-based delivery systems, which may suffer from immunological and mutational hazards. However, the efficiency of cationic-mediated gene delivery, although often sufficient for cell biological purposes, runs seriously short from a therapeutics point of view, as realizing this objective requires a higher level of transfection than attained thus far. To develop strategies for improvement, there is not so much a need for novel delivery systems. Rather, better insight is needed into the mechanism of delivery, including lipoplex–cell surface interaction, route of internalization and concomitant escape of DNA/RNA into the cytosol, and transport into the nucleus. Current work indicates that a major obstacle involves the relative inefficient destabilization of membrane-bounded compartments in which lipoplexes reside after their internalization by the cell. Such an activity requires the capacity of lipoplexes of undergoing polymorphic transitions such as a membrane destabilizing hexagonal phase, while cellular components may aid in this process. A consequence of the latter notion is that for development of a novel generation of delivery devices, entry pathways have to be triggered by specific targeting to select delivery into intracellular compartments which are most susceptible to lipoplex-induced destabilization, thereby allowing the most efficient release of DNA, a minimal requirement for optimizing non-viral vector-mediated transfection.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9836877" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2299e4fbf9f9cf377180bffdceef11e8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47632256,"asset_id":9836877,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47632256/download_file?st=MTczMzAyMzE1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="23739416" href="https://rug.academia.edu/izuhorn">i zuhorn</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="23739416" type="text/json">{"id":23739416,"first_name":"i","last_name":"zuhorn","domain_name":"rug","page_name":"izuhorn","display_name":"i zuhorn","profile_url":"https://rug.academia.edu/izuhorn?f_ri=2468093","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-9836877">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-9836877"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/JEngberts">Jan B. F. N. 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These vectors are considered as an attractive alternative for virus-based delivery systems, which may suffer from immunological and mutational hazards. However, the efficiency of cationic-mediated gene delivery, although often sufficient for cell biological purposes, runs seriously short from a therapeutics point of view, as realizing this objective requires a higher level of transfection than attained thus far. To develop strategies for improvement, there is not so much a need for novel delivery systems. Rather, better insight is needed into the mechanism of delivery, including lipoplex–cell surface interaction, route of internalization and concomitant escape of DNA/RNA into the cytosol, and transport into the nucleus. Current work indicates that a major obstacle involves the relative inefficient destabilization of membrane-bounded compartments in which lipoplexes reside after their internalization by the cell. Such an activity requires the capacity of lipoplexes of undergoing polymorphic transitions such as a membrane destabilizing hexagonal phase, while cellular components may aid in this process. A consequence of the latter notion is that for development of a novel generation of delivery devices, entry pathways have to be triggered by specific targeting to select delivery into intracellular compartments which are most susceptible to lipoplex-induced destabilization, thereby allowing the most efficient release of DNA, a minimal requirement for optimizing non-viral vector-mediated transfection.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47632256,"asset_id":9836877,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":23739416,"first_name":"i","last_name":"zuhorn","domain_name":"rug","page_name":"izuhorn","display_name":"i zuhorn","profile_url":"https://rug.academia.edu/izuhorn?f_ri=2468093","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":42485192,"first_name":"Jan B. F. N.","last_name":"Engberts","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JEngberts","display_name":"Jan B. F. N. 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u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_69420187" data-work_id="69420187" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69420187/Carbon_dioxide_laser_effect_on_platelet_function_and_surface_ultrastructure_in_vitro">Carbon dioxide laser effect on platelet function and surface ultrastructure in vitro</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69420187" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a 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mechanisms</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Intracellular antioxidants include low molecular weight scavengers of oxidizing species, and enzymes which degrade superoxide and hydroperoxides. Such antioxidants systems prevent the uncontrolled formation of free radicals and activated... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_65255212" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Intracellular antioxidants include low molecular weight scavengers of oxidizing species, and enzymes which degrade superoxide and hydroperoxides. 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