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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Childhood_and_adolescence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Childhood_and_adolescence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Childhood and adolescence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Childhood_and_adolescence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asbury's_work_in_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asbury's_work_in_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Asbury's work in America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asbury's_work_in_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A_camp_meeting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A_camp_meeting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>A camp meeting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A_camp_meeting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ordained_and_consecrated_a_bishop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ordained_and_consecrated_a_bishop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Ordained and consecrated a bishop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ordained_and_consecrated_a_bishop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-His_journeys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#His_journeys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>His journeys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-His_journeys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Failing_health_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Failing_health_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Failing health 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class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>His journal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-His_journal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asbury's_circuits_in_England" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asbury's_circuits_in_England"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Asbury's circuits in England</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asbury's_circuits_in_England-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Legacy and honors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources_for_further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources_for_further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sources for further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources_for_further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Asbury" title="Francis Asbury – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Francis Asbury" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Asbury" title="Francis Asbury – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Francis Asbury" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Asbury" title="Francis Asbury – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Francis Asbury" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%89" title="فرانسيس اسبرى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فرانسيس اسبرى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Asbury" title="Francis Asbury – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Francis Asbury" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Asbury" title="Francis Asbury – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Francis Asbury" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Asbury" title="Francis Asbury – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Francis Asbury" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BA%9E%E6%96%AF%E7%90%86" title="法蘭西斯·亞斯理 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="法蘭西斯·亞斯理" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q145140#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Methodist minister and bishop in America</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Asbury_Francis_Lever" class="mw-redirect" title="Asbury Francis Lever">Asbury Francis Lever</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Francis Asbury</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Paradise_-_Francis_Asbury_-_NPG.90.82_-_National_Portrait_Gallery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/John_Paradise_-_Francis_Asbury_-_NPG.90.82_-_National_Portrait_Gallery.jpg/220px-John_Paradise_-_Francis_Asbury_-_NPG.90.82_-_National_Portrait_Gallery.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/John_Paradise_-_Francis_Asbury_-_NPG.90.82_-_National_Portrait_Gallery.jpg/330px-John_Paradise_-_Francis_Asbury_-_NPG.90.82_-_National_Portrait_Gallery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/John_Paradise_-_Francis_Asbury_-_NPG.90.82_-_National_Portrait_Gallery.jpg/440px-John_Paradise_-_Francis_Asbury_-_NPG.90.82_-_National_Portrait_Gallery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="597" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">August 20 or 21, 1745<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Hamstead,_West_Midlands" title="Hamstead, West Midlands">Hamstead Bridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Staffordshire" title="Staffordshire">Staffordshire</a>, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">March 31, 1816<span style="display:none">(1816-03-31)</span> (aged 70)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Spotsylvania_County,_Virginia" title="Spotsylvania County, Virginia">Spotsylvania County, Virginia</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Minister, theologian</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Francis Asbury</b> (August 20 or 21, 1745 – March 31, 1816) was a British-American Methodist minister who became one of the first two <a href="/wiki/Bishop_(Methodist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop (Methodist)">bishops</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Methodist_Episcopal_Church" title="Methodist Episcopal Church">Methodist Episcopal Church</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. During his 45 years in the colonies and the newly independent United States, he devoted his life to ministry, <a href="/wiki/Circuit_rider_(religious)" title="Circuit rider (religious)">traveling on horseback and by carriage</a> thousands of miles to those living on the frontier. </p><p>Asbury spread Methodism in British colonial America and the United States as part of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Great_Awakening" title="Second Great Awakening">Second Great Awakening</a>. He also founded several schools during his lifetime, although his own formal education was limited. His journal is valuable to scholars for its account of frontier society, with references to many towns and villages in Colonial America.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along with <a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Wesley" title="Charles Wesley">Charles Wesley</a>, Asbury is often celebrated as one of the founders of the Methodist Church. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Asbury&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Childhood_and_adolescence">Childhood and adolescence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Asbury&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Childhood and adolescence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bishop_Asbury_Cottage,_Newton_Road,_Grove_Vale,_West_Bromwich.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Bishop_Asbury_Cottage%2C_Newton_Road%2C_Grove_Vale%2C_West_Bromwich.jpg/160px-Bishop_Asbury_Cottage%2C_Newton_Road%2C_Grove_Vale%2C_West_Bromwich.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Bishop_Asbury_Cottage%2C_Newton_Road%2C_Grove_Vale%2C_West_Bromwich.jpg/240px-Bishop_Asbury_Cottage%2C_Newton_Road%2C_Grove_Vale%2C_West_Bromwich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Bishop_Asbury_Cottage%2C_Newton_Road%2C_Grove_Vale%2C_West_Bromwich.jpg/320px-Bishop_Asbury_Cottage%2C_Newton_Road%2C_Grove_Vale%2C_West_Bromwich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Asbury_Cottage" title="Bishop Asbury Cottage">Bishop Asbury Cottage</a>, Asbury's boyhood home at <a href="/wiki/Great_Barr" title="Great Barr">Great Barr</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Francis Asbury was born at <a href="/wiki/Hamstead,_West_Midlands" title="Hamstead, West Midlands">Hamstead Bridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Staffordshire" title="Staffordshire">Staffordshire</a>, England on August 20 or 21, 1745, to Elizabeth and Joseph Asbury. The family moved to a cottage at <a href="/wiki/Great_Barr" title="Great Barr">Great Barr</a> the next year.<sup id="cite_ref-Hilcox_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hilcox-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His boyhood home still stands and is open as <a href="/wiki/Bishop_Asbury_Cottage" title="Bishop Asbury Cottage">Bishop Asbury Cottage</a> museum.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Soon after the family moved to Great Barr, in May 1748, Asbury's older sister, Sarah, died; he was less than three years old. Asbury wrote later that his mother Eliza was "very much a woman of the world"; with his sister's death, she "sank into deep distress....from which she was not relieved for many years," and was living "in a very, dark, dark, dark, day and place".<sup id="cite_ref-hallam_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hallam-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few years later she found a renewed Christian faith as itinerant preachers, either Baptist or Methodists, visited Barr on a revival circuit. From then on she began to read the Bible every day and encouraged her son to do so as well.<sup id="cite_ref-hallam_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hallam-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eliza's deep faith may not have been shared by her husband, who seemed to have problems, possibly drink or gambling. Francis Asbury described his father as "industrious." The husband supported his wife in her faith and witness: he allowed Methodist meetings to be held each Sunday in the cottage.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During Asbury's childhood the West Midlands was undergoing massive changes as the industrial revolution swept through the area. Waves of workers migrated into the area, attracted by jobs in the growing factories and workshops in <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Black_Country" title="Black Country">Black Country</a> of the mines. The Asburys lived in a cottage tied to a <a href="/wiki/Public_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Public house">public house</a>, on a main route between the mines and the factories. They would have been aware of the drinking, gambling, poverty and poor behaviour prevalent in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Francis Asbury attended a local endowed school in Snail's Green, a nearby hamlet. He did not get on well with his fellow pupils who ridiculed him because of his mother's religious beliefs. During the 1740s there had been widespread anti-Methodist rioting in <a href="/wiki/Wednesbury" title="Wednesbury">Wednesbury</a> and the surrounding area, and into the 1750s a great deal of persecution. Nor did he like his teacher and left school at the first opportunity.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Asbury took a keen interest in religion, having "felt something of God as early as the age of seven".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He lived not far from All Saints' Church, West Bromwich, which under the patronage of the Methodist <a href="/wiki/William_Legge,_2nd_Earl_of_Dartmouth" title="William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth">Earl of Dartmouth</a>, provided a living for Evangelical minister Edward Stillinghurst. Well connected, Stillinghurst invited as visiting preachers some of the foremost preachers and theologians of the day. These included John <a href="/wiki/John_William_Fletcher" title="John William Fletcher">Fletcher</a>, John Ryland, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Venn_(Church_Missionary_Society)" title="Henry Venn (Church Missionary Society)">Henry Venn</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Cennick" title="John Cennick">John Cennick</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Ingham" title="Benjamin Ingham">Benjamin Ingham</a>. His mother encouraged Francis to meet with the Methodists in Wednesbury, eventually joining a "band" with four other young men who would meet and pray together. For them a typical Sunday would be a preaching meeting at 5.00 am, communion at the parish church mid morning, and attending a preaching meeting again at 5.00 pm.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Asbury had his first formal job at age thirteen; he went "into service" for local gentry, whom he later described as "one of the most unGodly families in the parish". But he soon left them and is believed to have eventually worked for Thomas Foxall, at the Old Forge Farm,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where he made metal goods. He became great friends with Foxall's son, Henry.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They developed a friendship, which continued after Henry Foxall's emigration to Colonial America. There he continued working with metal and established the <a href="/wiki/Foundry_United_Methodist_Church" title="Foundry United Methodist Church">Foundry Church</a> in Georgetown, now part of Washington, D.C. </p><p>Asbury began to preach locally, and eventually became an itinerant preacher on behalf of the Methodist cause.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Asbury's preaching ministry in England is detailed in the section below: "Asbury's circuits in England". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asbury's_work_in_America"><span id="Asbury.27s_work_in_America"></span>Asbury's work in America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Asbury&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Asbury's work in America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the age of 22, Asbury's selection by <a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John Wesley</a> as a traveling lay preacher became official. Typically such positions were held by young, unmarried men, known as exhorters. In 1771 Asbury volunteered to travel to <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">British North America</a>. His first sermon in the Colonies took place with the Methodist congregation in <a href="/wiki/Woodrow,_Staten_Island" title="Woodrow, Staten Island">Woodrow, Staten Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within the first 17 days of being in the colonies, Asbury preached in both Philadelphia and New York. During the first year, he served as Wesley's assistant and preached in 25 different settlements. When the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> broke out in 1775, he and <a href="/wiki/James_Dempster_(Methodist)" title="James Dempster (Methodist)">James Dempster</a> were the only British Methodist lay ministers to remain in America.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>"During his early years in North America, Asbury devoted his attention mainly to followers living on the eastern shore between the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_River" title="Delaware River">Delaware River</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_Bay" title="Chesapeake Bay">Chesapeake Bay</a>. Bishop Asbury was a good friend of the Melsons and was their guest many times on his rounds. When the American revolution severed the traditional ties between the American Thirteen Colonies and Great Britain, Bishop Asbury, in the interest of his religious tenets and principles and in an attempt to remain aloof from the political and military fervor that swept the country, announced he would, to keep the embryonic Methodist congregations neutral, refrain from endorsing either Great Britain or the newly formed United States of America government and urged all his followers to do the same. This request placed almost all of his followers, especially those living in Maryland, in an untenable position. The State of Maryland had enacted a law requiring all citizens to take an Oath of Allegiance to the newly formed American Congress. In addition to this, it stipulated all non-residents within its boundaries also had to take and sign an Oath of Allegiance. Those refusing were summarily incarcerated for treason. Asbury, after proclaiming his neutrality, fled to Delaware, where taking an oath of allegiance was not a requirement. His adherents in Maryland suffered the rancor of the proponents of the Oath."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>Asbury remained hidden during the war and ventured occasionally back into Maryland. Sometimes this had the effect of compromising his parishioners. </p><p>Note: Asbury did not become ordained or a bishop until December 1784. </p><p>Asbury taught that “slavery was a crime against the laws of God, man, and nature”.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1780, Asbury met the <a href="/wiki/Freedman" title="Freedman">freedman</a> <a href="/wiki/Harry_Hosier" title="Harry Hosier">Henry "Black Harry" Hosier</a>, a meeting the minister believed "providentially arranged".<sup id="cite_ref-blafir_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blafir-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hosier served as his driver and guide and, though illiterate, memorized long passages of the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> as Asbury read them aloud during their travels. Hosier eventually became a famous preacher in his own right, the first <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African American</a> to preach directly to a white congregation in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-blafir_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blafir-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A_camp_meeting">A camp meeting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Asbury&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: A camp meeting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the fall of 1800, Asbury attended one of the events of the <a href="/wiki/Revival_of_1800" title="Revival of 1800">Revival of 1800</a> as he travelled from Kentucky into Tennessee. The combined Presbyterian and Methodist communion observance made a deep impression on Asbury; it was as an early experience for him of multi-day meetings, which included attendees camping on the grounds or sleeping in their wagons around the meeting house. He recorded the events in his journal: it showed the relation between religious revivalism and <a href="/wiki/Camp_meeting" title="Camp meeting">camp meetings</a>, later a staple of nineteenth-century frontier Methodism.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ordained_and_consecrated_a_bishop">Ordained and consecrated a bishop</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Asbury&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ordained and consecrated a bishop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Ordination_of_Bishop_Asbury.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/The_Ordination_of_Bishop_Asbury.jpg/220px-The_Ordination_of_Bishop_Asbury.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/The_Ordination_of_Bishop_Asbury.jpg/330px-The_Ordination_of_Bishop_Asbury.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/The_Ordination_of_Bishop_Asbury.jpg/440px-The_Ordination_of_Bishop_Asbury.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1925" data-file-height="1325" /></a><figcaption><i>The Ordination of Bishop Asbury</i>, an engraving of an 1882 painting of the scene</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1784, <a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John Wesley</a> named Asbury and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Coke_(Bishop)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Coke (Bishop)">Thomas Coke</a> as co-superintendents of the work in the United States. The <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Conference" title="Christmas Conference">Christmas Conference</a> that year marked the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Methodist_Episcopal_Church" title="Methodist Episcopal Church">Methodist Episcopal Church</a> of the United States. It was during this Conference that Asbury was ordained by Coke.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the next 32 years, Asbury led all the Methodists in America. However, his leadership did not go unchallenged. His idea for a ruling council was opposed by such notables as <a href="/wiki/William_McKendree" title="William McKendree">William McKendree</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Lee_(Methodist)" title="Jesse Lee (Methodist)">Jesse Lee</a>, and <a href="/wiki/James_O%27Kelly" title="James O'Kelly">James O'Kelly</a>. Eventually, based on advice by Coke, he established in 1792 a <a href="/wiki/General_conference_(United_Methodist_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="General conference (United Methodist Church)">General Conference</a>, to which delegates could be sent, as a way of building broader support. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="His_journeys">His journeys</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Asbury&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: His journeys"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like Wesley, Asbury preached in myriad of places: courthouses, public houses, tobacco houses, fields, public squares, wherever a crowd assembled to hear him. For the remainder of his life, he rode an average of 6,000 miles each year, preaching virtually every day and conducting meetings and conferences. Under his direction, the church grew from 1,200 to 214,000 members and 700 ordained preachers. Among the men he ordained was <a href="/wiki/Richard_Allen_(reverend)" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Allen (reverend)">Richard Allen</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, the first black Methodist minister in the United States who later founded the <a href="/wiki/African_Methodist_Episcopal_Church" title="African Methodist Episcopal Church">African Methodist Episcopal Church</a>, the first independent black denomination in the country. Another African American was <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Coker" title="Daniel Coker">Daniel Coker</a>, who emigrated to <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a> in 1820 and became the first Methodist minister there from the West. Bishop Asbury also ordained Peter Cartwright in the fall of 1806.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Failing_health_and_death">Failing health and death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Asbury&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Failing health and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1813, Asbury wrote his will. This was a time when "the greatest membership gain in the history of the church" was achieved.<sup id="cite_ref-Duren,_William_Larkin_1928_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duren,_William_Larkin_1928-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1814 his health started to fail and he became ill. In 1816 he started to regain strength and continued his preaching journey. He "preached his last Sermon in Richmond, Virginia" on March 24, "and died at the home of George Arnold near Fredericksburg" on March 31.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bishop Asbury died in <a href="/wiki/Spotsylvania_County,_Virginia" title="Spotsylvania County, Virginia">Spotsylvania County, Virginia</a>. He was buried at <a href="/wiki/Mount_Olivet_Cemetery_(Baltimore)" title="Mount Olivet Cemetery (Baltimore)">Mount Olivet Cemetery</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, near the graves of Bishops <a href="/wiki/John_Emory" title="John Emory">John Emory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beverly_Waugh" title="Beverly Waugh">Beverly Waugh</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ability_as_a_preacher">Ability as a preacher</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Asbury&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ability as a preacher"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In an exciting time in American history, Asbury was reported to be an extraordinary preacher. Biographer <a href="/wiki/Ezra_Squier_Tipple" title="Ezra Squier Tipple">Ezra Squier Tipple</a> wrote: "If to speak with authority as the accredited messenger of God; to have credentials which bear the seal of heaven ... if when he lifted the trumpet to his lips the Almighty blew the blast; if to be conscious of an ever-present sense of God, God the Summoner, God the Anointing One, God the Judge, and to project it into speech which would make his hearers tremble, melt them with terror, and cause them to fall as dead men; if to be and do all this would entitle a man to be called a great preacher, then Asbury was a great preacher." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_habits">Personal habits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Asbury&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Personal habits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Francis Asbury had a great distrust of personal popularity, and equally marked distaste of personal publicity".<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Not being a vain person, he did not care to have his image preserved. He had been in America for 23 years, and a bishop for 10 years before he had let a portrait be made of him. His friend James McCannon persuaded him to have it done. Asbury had had a portrait painted of him for his mother in 1797. His last portrait was made in 1813 by an unknown artist in Strasburgh, Pennsylvania. </p><p>Asbury had times when he tended to have gloomy thoughts and opinions. He believed himself to be "a true prophet of evil tidings, as it suits my cast of mind".<sup id="cite_ref-Duren,_William_Larkin_1928._Pg_77_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duren,_William_Larkin_1928._Pg_77-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although he was pessimistic, those who knew him considered him an extremely sensitive person. In his journal he recorded more failures and misgivings than success in his ministry. He loved simplicity and had "frequent spells of morbid depression".<sup id="cite_ref-Duren,_William_Larkin_1928._Pg_77_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duren,_William_Larkin_1928._Pg_77-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He tended to use cynical sarcasm in his preachings. One of the typical prayers he would say, even on his way to America, was "Lord, we are in thy hands and in thy work. Thou knowest what is best of us and for thy work; whether plenty or poverty. The hearts of all men are in thy hands. If it is best for us and for thy church that we should be cramped and straitened, let the people's hands and hearts be closed: If it is better for us; for the church,—and more to thy glory that we should abound in the comforts of life; do thou dispose the hearts of those we serve to give accordingly: and may we learn to be content whether we abound, or suffer need".<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He rose at 5 every morning to read the Bible. He was impatient with those who did not do the tasks assigned to them as soon as the task was assigned. He was "one of the wisest and most farseeing men of his day".<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="His_journal">His journal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Asbury&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: His journal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On September 4, 1771, at the age of 26, Francis Asbury began his journey to Philadelphia from <a href="/wiki/Pill,_Somerset" title="Pill, Somerset">Pill</a> near Bristol, England. "It cost him much to leave home and kindred, as is witnessed by his affectionate letters and sacrificial remittances home: but the call of God was not to be denied".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before he left, he wrote a letter to his family. "I wonder sometimes how anyone will sit to hear me, but the Lord covers my weakness with his power…. I trust you will be easy and more quiet. As for me, I know what I am called to. It is to give up all, and to have my hands and heart in the work, yea, the nearest and dearest friends…. Let others condemn me as being without natural affection, disobedient to parents, or say what they please…. I love my parents and friends, but I love my God better and his service…. And tho' I have given up all, I do not repent, for I have found all".<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On this voyage he began a journal. "In his journal he pours out the feelings and impulses of the moment, but often without giving a clue to either the offender or the offense".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became seasick for the first week but had recovered. He was "poor in material things, but rich in the spiritual atmosphere created and maintained by his mother".<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also spent a lot of time studying and reading the Bible and books written by Wesley. On September 22, September 29, and October 6, he preached to the ship's company. Finally, on October 27, he landed at his destination in Philadelphia. His journal also contains some references to opinions of ministers who disagreed with the Methodist leadership, such as Rev. Charles Hopkins of <a href="/wiki/Powhatan_County,_Virginia" title="Powhatan County, Virginia">Powhatan County, Virginia</a> who had rejected the Methodist ideals several years before. </p><p>His journal also frequently mentioned <a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Hinde" title="Thomas S. Hinde">Thomas S. Hinde</a> who was the son of Dr. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hinde" title="Thomas Hinde">Thomas Hinde</a> and founder of the city of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Carmel,_Illinois" title="Mount Carmel, Illinois">Mount Carmel, Illinois</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Asbury's_circuits_in_England"><span id="Asbury.27s_circuits_in_England"></span>Asbury's circuits in England</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Asbury&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Asbury's circuits in England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Francis_Asbury" title="Special:EditPage/Francis Asbury">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Francis+Asbury%22">"Francis Asbury"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Francis+Asbury%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Francis+Asbury%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Francis+Asbury%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Francis+Asbury%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Francis+Asbury%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Asbury's travels in America are amply noted in his three-volume journal, <i>The Journal and Letters of Francis Asbury.</i> However, his travels in England are much harder to piece together as very little information exists.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> John Wigger provide some details in <i>American Saint</i>, his biography on Asbury.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around 1763, Asbury began leading the class of about two dozen faithful at the <a href="/wiki/West_Bromwich" title="West Bromwich">West Bromwich</a> Wesleyan society. In March 1765, his mentor, Wesleyan Alexander Mather asked Asbury to assist him. For the next 11 months, the twenty-year-old Asbury taught and preached around the Staffordshire circuit. The circuit consisted of small Wesleyan societies in West Bromwich, Wednesbury, Walsall, Wolverhampton, and Billbrook. These areas were the foundation of Methodism in the <a href="/wiki/Black_Country" title="Black Country">Black Country</a>. During this initial phase of his circuits around England, two Wesleyan preachers offered the majority of the young preachers mentoring. The first was the already mentioned Scottish itinerant, Mather. The second was an English preacher from Bedfordshire, James Glasbrook. These two taught Asbury, <a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John Wesley</a>'s basic requirements for a Wesleyan itinerant preacher. </p><p>In January 1766, Mather offered him the opportunity to quit the forge and join the Wesleyan movement as a full-time itinerant on a trial basis. The twenty-one-year-old Asbury accepted.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Part of his training as a full-time traveling preacher required that he read extensively from books suggested by Wesley, who made them available in London, Bristol and Newcastle. The list included several Divinity Books: the Bible, Wesley's tracts, the works of Boehm and <a href="/wiki/August_Hermann_Francke" title="August Hermann Francke">Francke</a>. There were also books on Natural Philosophy, Astronomy, History, Poetry and Latin Prose. There were also books on Latin Verse, Greek Prose, including the Greek New Testament, Greek Verse - including Homer's Iliad, and the Hebrew Bible. </p><p>For the next five months, during his circuits in England Asbury teamed with William Orpe, a young preacher who was the Hebrew teacher at Wesley's Kingswood School in Bristol. They covered the large Staffordshire circuit that encompassed not only Birmingham, Wolverhampton, Willenhall, Walsall, Wednesbury, Darlaston and Billbrook, but also an extended portion to the south in Worcestershire, Tewkesbury and Gloucestershire. Despite his happiness with his new career, Asbury struggled with a sense that his efforts were somewhat limited. He was still living with his parents, he was preaching in places that had heard him preach for the last five years. He looked for more travel and more responsibility. </p><p>Asbury pressed Mather to assign Asbury to the low round of the Staffordshire circuit, and found it more grueling than he had anticipated. After twelve months Mather sent him home for a short break. Asbury then received instructions to head for London. The London conference of 1767 assigned Asbury to the Bedfordshire circuit. </p><p>In London, it is likely that Asbury met <a href="/wiki/George_Whitefield" title="George Whitefield">George Whitefield</a> when he attended worship at <a href="/wiki/Whitefield%27s_Tabernacle,_Tottenham_Court_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitefield's Tabernacle, Tottenham Court Road">Whitefield's Tabernacle</a>. At the time of Asbury's arrival in London, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a> was staying in London and a guest of his friend Whitefield, whom he had met years earlier during one of Whitefield's trips to America. Along with Franklin at Whitefield's home were Connecticut colonial leaders including a Mohegan Indian named <a href="/wiki/Samson_Occum" class="mw-redirect" title="Samson Occum">Samson Occum</a> and his traveling companion, Princeton College Presbyterian minister, Nathaniel Whitaker, <a href="/wiki/William_Legge,_2nd_Earl_of_Dartmouth" title="William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth">Lord Dartmouth</a>, and the merchant Dennis De Bert. Occum and Whitaker were in England to raise money for their Indian Charity School in Lebanon, Connecticut. Spending a couple months in London before the August conference, it is likely that Asbury not only heard Samson Occum speak at The Tabernacle, but also had opportunity to meet this unique group. </p><p>August 18, 1767 the conference in London began at John and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Wesley" title="Charles Wesley">Charles Wesley</a>'s Foundry Church. At this conference, Wesley assigned Asbury to the sprawling Bedfordshire circuit. In addition to Bedfordshire, Asbury was officially admitted on trial and teamed with Bedfordshire native, James Glasbrook. The main locations were Hertford, Luton, Sundon, Millbrook, Bedford, Clifton and Northampton. It was a rural circuit made up of small societies whose total membership was just 208 people.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In lieu of attending the 1768 conference in Bristol, Asbury is given instructions to wait in London to await his next assignment. Asbury's short stopover in London occurs at the same time that <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Rush" title="Benjamin Rush">Benjamin Rush</a> is staying with George Whitefield, having completed his medical studies in Edinburgh. After the Bristol conference in August 1768, Wesley assigns Asbury to the only circuit more difficult than the Staffordshire low Round, Colchester. Asbury will preach along the southern coastline of the <a href="/wiki/River_Stour,_Suffolk" title="River Stour, Suffolk">River Stour</a>, from Manningtree to Harwich. As beautiful as the scenery is, the area sours with rampant smuggling. Asbury is to preach against smuggling. </p><p>Perhaps out of worry for the young itinerant and the dangerous territory he travels, after two months on the Colchester circuit, Asbury receives word to relocate to the Wiltshire circuit. The three main cities of the Wiltshire circuit are Salisbury, Winchester and Portsmouth. In Portsmouth, it is likely that Asbury began his study of Hebrew through the large Jewish settlement that coexisted with the Portsmouth Methodists. In Portsmouth, the majority of the Jewish settlers reside in Portsea, also known as Portsmouth Common, the same area as the Methodists. For the next ten months, he remains on the Wiltshire circuit. </p><p>August 10, 1769, word from the Leeds Conference arrives for Asbury in Salisbury. Word from Wesley is that the next circuit is Oxfordshire. There he teams up with his friend from Staffordshire, Richard Whatcoat. In Oxford, Asbury and Whatcoat occasionally preach from <a href="/wiki/St_Giles%27_Church,_Oxford" title="St Giles' Church, Oxford">St Giles Church</a>. Asbury and Whatcoat remain in Oxford until Christmas. They are both assigned to preach the Bedfordshire circuit in the new year. In addition to returning to Northampton, Asbury will travel to the smaller Wesleyan societies in Towcester and Whittlebury. He also spends time in Weedon. For the next eight months, Asbury will preach on the western portion of the Bedfordshire circuit. </p><p>In March 1770, Wesley preached at West Bromwich. The news of Wesley draws Asbury to return home after nearly three years away. After his visit home, Asbury returns to the western portion of the Bedfordshire circuit. After the 1770 conference Wesley once again assigns Asbury to Wiltshire. It is during this assignment Asbury is abandoned by his assigned helper, John Catermole, who leaves the Wiltshire circuit after his dealing with a disorderly lay leader who threatens violence to Catermole and Asbury. A visit by Wesley to the struggling Wiltshire circuit results in Wesley asking Asbury to visit the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a>. It is at the August 1771 conference in Bristol where Asbury volunteers for the circuit simply called, America. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Francis_Asbury_Memorial_-_Washington,_D.C..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Francis_Asbury_Memorial_-_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg/220px-Francis_Asbury_Memorial_-_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Francis_Asbury_Memorial_-_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg/330px-Francis_Asbury_Memorial_-_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Francis_Asbury_Memorial_-_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg/440px-Francis_Asbury_Memorial_-_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg 2x" data-file-width="2540" data-file-height="2128" /></a><figcaption> <i><a href="/wiki/Francis_Asbury_(Lukeman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Asbury (Lukeman)">Francis Asbury Memorial</a></i> </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Wesley,_John_Wesley,_and_Francis_Asbury_(stained_glass_--_Memorial_Chapel,_Lake_Junaluska,_North_Carolina).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Charles_Wesley%2C_John_Wesley%2C_and_Francis_Asbury_%28stained_glass_--_Memorial_Chapel%2C_Lake_Junaluska%2C_North_Carolina%29.jpg/220px-Charles_Wesley%2C_John_Wesley%2C_and_Francis_Asbury_%28stained_glass_--_Memorial_Chapel%2C_Lake_Junaluska%2C_North_Carolina%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Charles_Wesley%2C_John_Wesley%2C_and_Francis_Asbury_%28stained_glass_--_Memorial_Chapel%2C_Lake_Junaluska%2C_North_Carolina%29.jpg/330px-Charles_Wesley%2C_John_Wesley%2C_and_Francis_Asbury_%28stained_glass_--_Memorial_Chapel%2C_Lake_Junaluska%2C_North_Carolina%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Charles_Wesley%2C_John_Wesley%2C_and_Francis_Asbury_%28stained_glass_--_Memorial_Chapel%2C_Lake_Junaluska%2C_North_Carolina%29.jpg/440px-Charles_Wesley%2C_John_Wesley%2C_and_Francis_Asbury_%28stained_glass_--_Memorial_Chapel%2C_Lake_Junaluska%2C_North_Carolina%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1892" data-file-height="1168" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wesley" title="Charles Wesley">Charles Wesley</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John Wesley</a>, and Francis Asbury (stained glass), Memorial Chapel, <a href="/wiki/Lake_Junaluska,_North_Carolina" title="Lake Junaluska, North Carolina">Lake Junaluska, NC</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy_and_honors">Legacy and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Asbury&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Legacy and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Asbury's boyhood home, the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_Asbury_Cottage" title="Bishop Asbury Cottage">Bishop Asbury Cottage</a>, Newton Road, <a href="/wiki/Great_Barr" title="Great Barr">Great Barr</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sandwell" title="Sandwell">Sandwell</a>, England, is now a museum.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The first Methodist Episcopal school of higher education was named Cokesbury College (1785 - burned 1796) in honor of Asbury and Thomas Coke, drawing some concern from John Wesley.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name lives on in <a href="/wiki/Cokesbury" title="Cokesbury">Cokesbury</a>, part of the United Methodist publishing arm.</li> <li>At least six schools have been named after Asbury: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asbury_Methodist_Primary_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asbury Methodist Primary School (page does not exist)">Asbury Methodist Primary School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lai_King" title="Lai King">Lai King</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>.</li> <li>Two are in <a href="/wiki/Wilmore,_Kentucky" title="Wilmore, Kentucky">Wilmore, Kentucky</a>: <a href="/wiki/Asbury_University" title="Asbury University">Asbury University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asbury_Theological_Seminary" title="Asbury Theological Seminary">Asbury Theological Seminary</a>.</li> <li>In addition, <a href="/wiki/DePauw_University" title="DePauw University">DePauw University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greencastle,_Indiana" title="Greencastle, Indiana">Greencastle, Indiana</a> was originally known as Indiana Asbury College after him.</li> <li>Francis Asbury Elementary School in <a href="/wiki/Hampton,_Virginia" title="Hampton, Virginia">Hampton, Virginia</a>.</li> <li>Asbury House Child Enrichment Center in Longview, Texas</li> <li>Asbury High School, <a href="/wiki/Marshall_County,_Alabama" title="Marshall County, Alabama">Marshall County, Alabama</a></li> <li>Asbury College, in Pangasinan, Philippines.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Bradley" title="James A. Bradley">James A. Bradley</a>, a convert to Methodism, named the town he founded on the New Jersey shore, <a href="/wiki/Asbury_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Asbury Park">Asbury Park</a>, after Asbury. The Mascot of the Asbury Park High School is "The Bishops."</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asbury,_New_Jersey" title="Asbury, New Jersey">Asbury, New Jersey</a>, an unincorporated community in <a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_New_Jersey" title="Warren County, New Jersey">Warren County</a> is named after the bishop.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The former Asbury Methodist Church on <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a> (now the Son-Rise Interfaith Center) stands as a monument to his memory.</li> <li>In 1796 Bishop Asbury helped lay the cornerstone for the church in Hall's Mills, NJ which shortly changed its name to Asbury (now a village in Franklin Township, Warren County, NJ).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asbury_AME_Church" title="Asbury AME Church">Asbury AME Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chester,_Pennsylvania" title="Chester, Pennsylvania">Chester, Pennsylvania</a> was founded in 1845 and renamed the church in honor of Asbury in 1863</li> <li>A statue, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Asbury_(Lukeman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Asbury (Lukeman)">Francis Asbury</a>, was erected in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> in 1921.</li> <li>A statue of Francis Asbury on horseback was erected at Drew University in Madison, NJ.</li> <li>The Francis Asbury Trail at <a href="/wiki/Lake_Junaluska,_North_Carolina" title="Lake Junaluska, North Carolina">Lake Junaluska, NC</a> was constructed around 1930.</li> <li>A hiking trail in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Smoky_Mountains_National_Park" title="Great Smoky Mountains National Park">Great Smoky Mountains National Park</a> follows part of the path Asbury took when crossing the mountains in the early 19th century. There is a monument dedicated to Asbury at Shiloh Memorial Cemetery in <a href="/wiki/Pigeon_Forge,_Tennessee" title="Pigeon Forge, Tennessee">Pigeon Forge, Tennessee</a>, where Asbury delivered a sermon on October 20, 1808.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stratosphere_Balloon_Cave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stratosphere Balloon Cave (page does not exist)">Stratosphere Balloon Cave</a> in <a href="/wiki/Germany_Valley" title="Germany Valley">Germany Valley</a>, West Virginia was for over 150 years called "Asbury Cave". (Asbury records his 1781 visit to the cave in his <i>Journal</i>.)</li> <li>Many towns and villages bear an Asbury United Methodist Church, including the fourth largest United Methodist Church in the denomination, located in Tulsa, OK.</li> <li>The first Methodist Church in Northern China, the Asbury Church in Peking, built in 1870 by Rev. <a href="/wiki/Hiram_Harrison_Lowry" title="Hiram Harrison Lowry">Hiram Harrison Lowry</a>, was named after Asbury. Today the church is known as Chongwenmen Church (崇文门教堂).</li> <li>Asbury Avenue in Evanston, Illinois, home of Northwestern University, founded by Methodists</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asbury,_Iowa" title="Asbury, Iowa">Asbury, Iowa</a> was founded by Methodists.</li> <li>Asbury Road and Asbury Avenue in Ocean Grove, NJ, next to Asbury Park, with Wesley Lake separating them,is a town founded by Methodists in the late 1870s as a religious summer camp along the mid Atlantic coast.Descendants of the original campers still use the many tents in town each season and worship in the Great Auditorium.</li> <li>Asbury Street in the second Ocean Grove, a seaside town established by Methodists in mid 1800s, in Victoria Australia.</li> <li>Asbury Road, built around 1930 on the <a href="/wiki/Friar_Park" title="Friar Park">Friar Park</a> housing estate near Asbury's birthplace</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberty Ship">Liberty Ship</a> <a href="/wiki/SS_Francis_Asbury" title="SS Francis Asbury">SS <i>Francis Asbury</i></a> was named in his honor.</li> <li>He wrote the constitution for and organized the Female Orphan Society of Norfolk, Virginia on March 24, 1804.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Asbury&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bethel_Academy" title="Bethel Academy">Bethel Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bishops_of_the_United_Methodist_Church" title="List of bishops of the United Methodist Church">List of bishops of the United Methodist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_Hall,_Maryland" title="Perry Hall, Maryland">Perry Hall, Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Hinde" title="Thomas S. Hinde">Thomas S. Hinde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_T._Hinde" title="Charles T. Hinde">Charles T. Hinde</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Asbury&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Clarke, E.T., Manning Potts, T., Payton, Jacob S., Editors. <i>The Journal and Letters of Francis Asbury, Vols. 1-3,</i> Nashville and London, 1958</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hilcox-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hilcox_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHilcox2012" class="citation journal cs1">Hilcox, Chris (2012-12-21). "Pictures from the Past". <i>Great Barr Observer</i>: 10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Great+Barr+Observer&rft.atitle=Pictures+from+the+Past&rft.pages=10&rft.date=2012-12-21&rft.aulast=Hilcox&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Asbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sandwell.gov.uk/info/200265/museums_and_art_gallery/15/bishop_asbury_cottage">"Bishop Asbury Cottage | Sandwell Council"</a>. <i>www.sandwell.gov.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sandwell.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Bishop+Asbury+Cottage+%26%23124%3B+Sandwell+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sandwell.gov.uk%2Finfo%2F200265%2Fmuseums_and_art_gallery%2F15%2Fbishop_asbury_cottage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Asbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hallam-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hallam_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hallam_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brewinbooks.com/taking_on_the_men">Hallam, David J.A., <i>Eliza Asbury: her cottage and her son</i></a>, Studley, 2003, pp. 8-9 </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Hallam (2003), <i>Eliza Asbury</i>, p 13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Hallam (2003),<i>Eliza Asbury</i>, pp 16-20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hallam (2003),<i>Eliza Asbury</i>, pp. 9 and 21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Hallam (2003), p 40</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Hallam (2003), pp 22-25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sandwell.gov.uk/info/200341/sandwell_valley/742/forge_mill_farm">Old Forge Farm</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbhem.org/about/publications/books/henry-foxall-methodist-industrialist-american">Henry</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hallam (2003), p42. Asbury's childhood, and especially his mother's attitudes, have been the subject of some controversy. In 1927 Herbert Asbury, a journalist who claimed to be a relative of Frances Asbury, published <i>A Methodist Saint: The Life of Bishop Asbury,</i> (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.). Herbert Asbury made a number of claims, quoting 'family legend' about the Asbury family, including one that Francis's mother prayed for him to become Archbishop of Canterbury, that Elizabeth claimed to have been visited by angels, and that Joseph Asbury had previously been married to a Susan Whipple, a farmer's daughter from Wednesbury. Extensive research by local historian <a href="/wiki/David_Hallam" title="David Hallam">David Hallam</a> could find no evidence to support Herbert Asbury's claims, and dismissed his claiming relation to Francis. He noted that Asbury was a common surname in the West Midlands at the time. See Hallam (2003), pp. 14-15. Hallam dismisses a similar claim made by a "genealogical study" presented by an Asbury family to the Love Lane Methodist Museum in Baltimore. Francis Asbury was the only surviving child of Joseph and Elizabeth; he never married. Birth records during this period in England were of poor quality and claims of any relationship are conjecture.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris, Ira. K. "Early History of Staten Island", <i>Proceedings of the New York State Historical Association,</i> Volume 17, page 198</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Story of Barratt's Chapel," <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151004072532/http://barrattschapel.org/story.html">"Barratt's Chapel and Museum - the Story of Barratt's"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://barrattschapel.org/story.html">the original</a> on 2015-10-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-10-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Barratt%27s+Chapel+and+Museum+-+the+Story+of+Barratt%27s&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbarrattschapel.org%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Asbury" class="Z3988"></span> accessed 11 September 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ryanmelson.com/PDF/MelsonFamilyInAmerica-searchable.pdf">"Ryan Melson"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918063911/http://www.ryanmelson.com/PDF/MelsonFamilyInAmerica-searchable.pdf">Archived</a> 2017-09-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Melson Family in America</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Preston, Dickson J. Young Frederick Douglass: The Maryland Years. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1980</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-blafir-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-blafir_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-blafir_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith, Jessie C. <i>Black Firsts: 4,000 Ground-Breaking and Pioneering Historical Events</i> (3rd ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=steLXpuOONEC&pg=RA13-PA1820">pp. 1820–1821</a>. "Methodists: 1781". <a href="/wiki/Canton,_Michigan" title="Canton, Michigan">Canton, Michigan</a>: Visible Ink Press, 2013. Accessed 17 October 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsbury1800" class="citation book cs1">Asbury, Francis (Oct 21, 1800). <i>The Journal and Letters of Francis Asbury, Vol. 2</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Journal+and+Letters+of+Francis+Asbury%2C+Vol.+2.&rft.date=1800-10-21&rft.aulast=Asbury&rft.aufirst=Francis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Asbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christianitytoday.com/history/people/denominationalfounders/francis-asbury.html"><i>Christianity Today</i>: Francis Asbury</a>, accessed 8 July 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Cartwright, Peter. <i>Autobiography of Peter Cartwright: The Backwoods Preacher</i> Pleasant Hills: Self Publication, 1856. Reprint, Columbia: Pantianos Classics, 2019. 48. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duren,_William_Larkin_1928-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Duren,_William_Larkin_1928_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Duren, William Larkin. 1928. Francis Asbury, Founder of American Methodism and Unofficial Minister of State, New York: The Macmillan Company. Pg. xiii</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Duren, William Larkin 1928"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Duren, William Larkin. 1928. Francis Asbury, Founder of American Methodism and Unofficial Minister of State, New York: The Macmillan Company. Pg 75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duren,_William_Larkin_1928._Pg_77-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Duren,_William_Larkin_1928._Pg_77_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duren,_William_Larkin_1928._Pg_77_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Duren, William Larkin. 1928. Francis Asbury, Founder of American Methodism and Unofficial Minister of State, New York: The Macmillan Company. Pg 77</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Duren, William Larkin. 1928. Francis Asbury, Founder of American Methodism and Unofficial Minister of State, New York: The Macmillan Company. Pg 119-120</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Duren, William Larkin. 1928. Francis Asbury, Founder of American Methodism and Unofficial Minister of State, New York: The Macmillan Company. Pg 167</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baker, Frank. 1976. From Wesley to Asbury: Studies in Early American Methodism. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. Pg. 115</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baker, Frank. 1976. From Wesley to Asbury: Studies in Early American Methodism. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. Pg. 113-114</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Duren, William Larkin. 1928. Francis Asbury, Founder of American Methodism and Unofficial Minister of State, New York: The Macmillan Company. Pg. 122</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baker, Frank. 1976. From Wesley to Asbury: Studies in Early American Methodism. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. Pg 107</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Ladies' repository, Volume 12 (Google eBook),L. Swormstedt and J.H. Power, 1852</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.francisasburytriptych.com/francis-asbury-circuits-in-england/">"Francis Asbury circuits in England", The Asbury Triptych Series</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/American-Saint-Francis-Asbury-Methodists/dp/0199948240">Wigger, John. <i>American Saint</i></a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199948246" title="Special:BookSources/978-0199948246">978-0199948246</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA351789115&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=00261238&p=AONE&sw=w">Rodell, Jonathan. "Francis Asbury's First Circuit: Bedfordshire, 1767", <i>Methodist History(Vol. 42, Issue 2.), UMC, January 1, 2004</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="JW1788" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">Wesley, John</a>; <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Coke_(bishop)" title="Thomas Coke (bishop)">Coke, Thomas</a> (1844) [20 September 1788], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yWd1gw9ay5YC&pg=PA9">"John Wesley to Francis Asbury"</a>, <i>Letters by the Rev. John Wesley, M.A. and Rev. T. Coke, L.L.D.</i> (second ed.), Baltimore: D. Brunner, p. 9, <q>I found a school, you a college. Nay, and call it after your own names! Oh, beware!</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=John+Wesley+to+Francis+Asbury&rft.btitle=Letters+by+the+Rev.+John+Wesley%2C+M.A.+and+Rev.+T.+Coke%2C+L.L.D.&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pages=9&rft.edition=second&rft.pub=D.+Brunner&rft.date=1844&rft.aulast=Wesley&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Coke%2C+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyWd1gw9ay5YC%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Asbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hutchinson, Viola L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mapmaker.rutgers.edu/356/nj_place_names_origin.pdf#page=7"><i>The Origin of New Jersey Place Names</i></a>, New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed August 27, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">warwick.ac.uk/fac/arts/southerncharities project/database/state/virginia/norfolkfos/</span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9009773/Francis-Asbury"><i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources_for_further_reading">Sources for further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Asbury&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sources for further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brewinbooks.com/eliza_asbury?manufacturer_id=11&sort=p.price&order=DESC&page=20"><i>Eliza Asbury - her cottage and her son</i></a> by <a href="/wiki/David_Hallam" title="David Hallam">David Hallam</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1858582350" title="Special:BookSources/1858582350">1858582350</a>) This is a meticulously researched account of Asbury's life in England and the difficult correspondence with his mother and father during their subsequent lifelong separation.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040616215810/http://www.francisasbury.org/">The official Francis Asbury website.</a> Contains an A-Z index of places and people mentioned in his journals.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.francisasburytriptych.com/">Francis Asbury Triptych website.</a> Contains articles on Francis Asbury and other key players of the Methodist movement in England and America. Also a book series on Francis Asbury.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.francisasbury.com/"><i>Trailblazin' Bishop: The Francis Asbury Story</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050405044644/http://www.francisasbury.com/">Archived</a> 2005-04-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. A one-man play on the life of Francis Asbury.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.francisasburytriptych.com/francis-asbury-podcasts/">Francis Asbury podcasts</a> about his ministry of</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/blackcountry/content/articles/2008/07/15/bishop_asbury_feature.shtml">Bishop Asbury Cottage</a> - story on the BBC website about Francis Asbury's former home</li> <li><i>Journal and Letters of Francis Asbury</i> (1958) by Francis Asbury (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-687-20581-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-687-20581-6">0-687-20581-6</a>)</li> <li><i>American Saint: Francis Asbury and the Methodists</i> (Oxford University Press, 2009) by John H. Wigger (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-195-38780-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-195-38780-5">0-195-38780-5</a>)</li> <li><i>Taking Heaven by Storm: Methodism and the Rise of Popular Christianity in America, 1770-1820</i> (Oxford University Press, 1998) by John H. Wigger (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-195-10452-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-195-10452-8">0-195-10452-8</a>)</li> <li><i>America's Bishop: The Life of Francis Asbury</i> (2003) by Darius Salter (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-928915-39-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-928915-39-6">1-928915-39-6</a>)</li> <li><i>The Story of American Methodism: A History of the United Methodists and Their Relations</i> (1974) by Frederick Abbott Norwood (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-687-39641-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-687-39641-7">0-687-39641-7</a>)</li> <li><i>The Heritage of American Methodism</i> (1999) by Kenneth Cain Kinghorn (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-687-05500-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-687-05500-8">0-687-05500-8</a>)</li> <li><i>From Wesley to Asbury: Studies in Early American Methodism</i> (1976) by Frank Baker (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8223-0359-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8223-0359-0">0-8223-0359-0</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilsonFiske1900" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Grant_Wilson" title="James Grant Wilson">Wilson, J. G.</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Fiske_(philosopher)" title="John Fiske (philosopher)">Fiske, J.</a>, eds. (1900). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Asbury, Francis"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Appletons%27_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Biography/Asbury,_Francis">"Asbury, Francis" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Appletons%27_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Biography" title="Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography">Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography</a></i>. New York: D. Appleton.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Asbury%2C+Francis&rft.btitle=Appletons%27+Cyclop%C3%A6dia+of+American+Biography&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=D.+Appleton&rft.date=1900&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Asbury" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Wikisource" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1906" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rossiter_Johnson" title="Rossiter Johnson">Johnson, Rossiter</a>, ed. (1906). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Biographical_Dictionary_of_America/Asbury,_Francis" class="extiw" title="s:The Biographical Dictionary of America/Asbury, Francis">Asbury, Francis</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Biographical_Dictionary_of_America" title="The Biographical Dictionary of America">The Biographical Dictionary of America</a></i>. Vol. 1. Boston: American Biographical Society. pp. 152–153.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Asbury%2C+Francis&rft.btitle=The+Biographical+Dictionary+of+America&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=152-153&rft.pub=American+Biographical+Society&rft.date=1906&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Asbury" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_encyclopedia" title="Template:Cite encyclopedia">cite encyclopedia</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date and year (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_date_and_year" title="Category:CS1 maint: date and year">link</a>)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Asbury&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Francis_Asbury" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Francis Asbury">Francis Asbury</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/12834">Works by Francis Asbury</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6562477">Francis Asbury</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pid.emory.edu/ark:/25593/8xxmd">Francis Asbury Collection</a> at the Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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Episcopal Church">Methodist Episcopal Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:;width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Anglican Church</a> (<a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Episcopal_Church_(United_States)" title="History of the Episcopal Church (United States)">in North America</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Methodism_in_the_United_States" title="History of Methodism in the United States">History of Methodism in the United States</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_Great_Awakening" title="First Great Awakening">First Great Awakening</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Religion_(Methodist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Articles of Religion (Methodist)">Articles of Religion</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Circuit_rider_(religious)" title="Circuit rider (religious)">Circuit rider</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lovely_Lane_Methodist_Church" title="Lovely Lane Methodist Church">Lovely Lane Methodist Church</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barratt%27s_Chapel" title="Barratt's Chapel">Barratt's Chapel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Conference" title="Christmas Conference">Christmas Conference</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Coke_(bishop)" title="Thomas Coke (bishop)">Thomas Coke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Francis Asbury</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Great_Awakening" title="Second Great Awakening">Second Great Awakening</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Connexionalism" title="Connexionalism">Connexionalism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_(USA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist Church (USA)">Methodist Church (USA)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Methodist_Church" title="United Methodist Church">United Methodist Church</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainline_Protestant" title="Mainline Protestant">Mainline Protestant</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Methodist_denominations" title="List of Methodist denominations">Derivatives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Association" title="Evangelical Association">Evangelical Association</a> (1800)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/African_Methodist_Episcopal_Church" title="African Methodist Episcopal Church">African Methodist Episcopal Church</a> (1816)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/African_Methodist_Episcopal_Zion_Church" title="African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church">African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church</a> (1821)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_(Canada)" title="Methodist Church (Canada)">Methodist Episcopal Church of Canada</a> (1828)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Protestant_Church" title="Methodist Protestant Church">Methodist Protestant Church</a> (1828)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Union_(denomination)" title="Christian Union (denomination)">Christian Union</a> (1864)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Church_of_God_(Holiness)" title="Church of God (Holiness)">Church of God (Holiness)</a> (1883)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christ%27s_Sanctified_Holy_Church" title="Christ's Sanctified Holy Church">Christ's Sanctified Holy Church</a> (1892)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Nazarene" title="Church of the Nazarene">Church of the Nazarene</a> (1895)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pilgrim_Holiness_Church" title="Pilgrim Holiness Church">Pilgrim Holiness Church</a> (1897)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Pentecostal_Holiness_Church" title="International Pentecostal Holiness Church">Pentecostal Holiness Church of North Carolina</a> (1897)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lumber_River_Conference_of_the_Holiness_Methodist_Church" title="Lumber River Conference of the Holiness Methodist Church">Lumber River Conference of the Holiness Methodist Church</a> (1900)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Mountain_Holiness_Association" title="Kentucky Mountain Holiness Association">Kentucky Mountain Holiness Association</a> (1925)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Connection" title="Christian Connection">Republican Methodist Church</a><br />(1792)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Connection" title="Christian Connection">Christian Connection</a> (1810)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Congregational_Christian_Churches" title="Congregational Christian Churches">Congregational Christian Churches</a> (1931)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Congregational_Christian_Conference" title="Conservative Congregational Christian Conference">Conservative Congregational Christian Conference</a> (1948)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Congregational_Christian_Churches" title="National Association of Congregational Christian Churches">National Association of Congregational Christian Churches</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Church_of_Christ" title="United Church of Christ">United Church of Christ</a> (1957)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wesleyan_Methodist_Church_(United_States)" title="Wesleyan Methodist Church (United States)">Wesleyan Methodist Church</a><br />(1841)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Daniel%27s_Band" title="Church of Daniel's Band">Church of Daniel's Band</a> (1893)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fire-Baptized_Holiness_Church" title="Fire-Baptized Holiness Church">Fire-Baptized Holiness Church</a> (1896)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Missionary_Methodist_Church" title="Missionary Methodist Church">Missionary Methodist Church</a> (1913)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bible_Methodist_Connection_of_Churches" title="Bible Methodist Connection of Churches">Bible Methodist Connection of Churches</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bible_Methodist_Connection_of_Tennessee" title="Bible Methodist Connection of Tennessee">Bible Methodist Connection of Tennessee</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allegheny_Wesleyan_Methodist_Connection" title="Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection">Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection</a> (1968)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Episcopal_Church,_South" title="Methodist Episcopal Church, South">Methodist Episcopal Church, South</a><br />(1844)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Congregational_Methodist_Church" title="Congregational Methodist Church">Congregational Methodist Church</a> (1852)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Methodist_Episcopal_Church" title="Christian Methodist Episcopal Church">Christian Methodist Episcopal Church</a> (1870)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Congregational_Methodist_Church&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Congregational Methodist Church (page does not exist)">New Congregational Methodist Church</a> (1881)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_People%27s_Methodist_Church" title="The People's Methodist Church">People's Methodist Church</a> (1938)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Methodist_Church" title="Southern Methodist Church">Southern Methodist Church</a> (1940)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free_Methodist_Church" title="Free Methodist Church">Free Methodist Church</a><br />(1860)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Free_Methodist_Church" title="Reformed Free Methodist Church">Reformed Free Methodist Church</a> (1932)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bible_Methodist_Connection_of_Churches" title="Bible Methodist Connection of Churches">United Holiness Church</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Wesleyan_Church" title="Evangelical Wesleyan Church">Evangelical Wesleyan Church</a> (1963)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Methodism" title="Category:Methodism">Category</a></b></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Methodism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#F8E0E0; color:black;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Methodism_footer" title="Template:Methodism footer"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Methodism_footer" title="Template talk:Methodism footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Methodism_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Methodism footer"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Methodism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodism</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#F8E0E0; color:black;"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Methodist_denominations" title="List of Methodist denominations">List of denominations</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F8E0E0; color:black;;width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Methodism#Origins" title="Methodism">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Methodism_in_the_United_States" title="History of Methodism in the United States">in the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arminianism" title="Arminianism">Arminianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Great_Awakening" title="First Great Awakening">First Great Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonconformist_(Protestantism)" title="Nonconformist (Protestantism)">Nonconformism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietism" title="Pietism">Pietism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesleyan_theology" title="Wesleyan theology">Wesleyan theology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F8E0E0; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Methodist_doctrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist doctrine">Doctrine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#F8E0E0; color:black;">Doctrinal<br /> standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creed#Christianity" title="Creed">Creeds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Creed" title="Apostles' Creed">Apostles' Creed</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Religion_(Methodist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Articles of Religion (Methodist)">Articles of Religion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sermons_on_Several_Occasions" class="mw-redirect" title="Sermons on Several Occasions">Sermons on Several Occasions</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Explanatory_Notes_Upon_the_New_Testament" title="Explanatory Notes Upon the New Testament">Explanatory Notes Upon the New Testament</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#F8E0E0; color:black;">Distinctive beliefs<br /> and practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assurance_(theology)#John_Wesley_and_Methodism" title="Assurance (theology)">Assurance of faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conditional_preservation_of_the_saints" title="Conditional preservation of the saints">Conditional preservation of the saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_of_all_believers" title="Priesthood of all believers">Priesthood of all believers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesleyan_Quadrilateral" title="Wesleyan Quadrilateral">Four sources of theological authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covenant_theology" title="Covenant theology">Covenant theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substitutionary_atonement" title="Substitutionary atonement">Substitutionary atonement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imparted_righteousness" title="Imparted righteousness">Imparted righteousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments#Methodist" title="Ten Commandments">Moral law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Born_again" title="Born again">New birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_will_in_theology#Classical_Arminianism_and_Wesleyan_Arminianism" title="Free will in theology">Free will</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outward_holiness" title="Outward holiness">Outward holiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prevenient_grace" title="Prevenient grace">Prevenient grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_presence_of_Christ_in_the_Eucharist#Methodist" title="Real presence of Christ in the Eucharist">Real presence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctification_in_Christianity#Methodist" title="Sanctification in Christianity">Sanctification (growth in grace)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunday_Sabbatarianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunday Sabbatarianism">Sunday Sabbatarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_perfection" title="Christian perfection">Christian perfection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_work_of_grace" title="Second work of grace">Second work of grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_with_the_Holy_Spirit#Entire_sanctification" title="Baptism with the Holy Spirit">Baptism with the Holy Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_sin#Methodist_views" title="Christian views on sin">Views on sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Works_of_piety" title="Works of piety">Works of piety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Works_of_mercy" title="Works of mercy">Works of mercy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F8E0E0; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Methodist_worship" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist worship">Worship</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Service_of_the_Methodists" title="The Sunday Service of the Methodists">The Sunday Service of the Methodists</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covenant_Renewal_Service" title="Covenant Renewal Service">Covenant Renewal Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revival_meeting" title="Revival meeting">Revival service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mourner%27s_bench" title="Mourner's bench">Mourner's bench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_call" title="Altar call">Altar call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_meeting" title="Camp meeting">Camp meeting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tabernacle_(Methodist)" title="Tabernacle (Methodist)">Tabernacle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tent_revival" title="Tent revival">Tent revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brush_arbour_revival" title="Brush arbour revival">Brush arbour revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revivalist_(person)" title="Revivalist (person)">Revivalist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agape_feast" title="Agape feast">Lovefeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watchnight_service" title="Watchnight service">Watchnight service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F8E0E0; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Methodists" title="List of Methodists">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Allen_(bishop)" title="Richard Allen (bishop)">Richard Allen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Francis Asbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Coke_(bishop)" title="Thomas Coke (bishop)">Thomas Coke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_William_Fletcher" title="John William Fletcher">John William Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Williams_Pantycelyn" title="William Williams Pantycelyn">William Williams Pantycelyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Scott" title="Orange Scott">Orange Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._T._Roberts" title="B. T. Roberts">Benjamin Titus Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Ashbel_Sellew" title="Walter Ashbel Sellew">Walter Sellew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howell_Harris" title="Howell Harris">Howell Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Outler" title="Albert Outler">Albert C. Outler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Varick" title="James Varick">James Varick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wesley" title="Charles Wesley">Charles Wesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John Wesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Whitefield" title="George Whitefield">George Whitefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selina_Hastings,_Countess_of_Huntingdon" title="Selina Hastings, Countess of Huntingdon">Countess of Huntingdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoebe_Palmer" title="Phoebe Palmer">Phoebe Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Watson_(Methodist)" title="Richard Watson (Methodist)">Richard Watson</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Methodist_bishops" title="Category:Methodist bishops">Bishops</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Methodist_theologians" title="List of Methodist theologians">Theologians</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F8E0E0; color:black;;width:1%">Related <br />movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church_of_the_British_Province" title="Moravian Church of the British Province">Moravian Church</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fetter_Lane_Society" title="Fetter Lane Society">Fetter Lane Society</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_holiness_movement" title="Conservative holiness movement">Conservative holiness movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_perfection#Holiness_Pentecostalism" title="Christian perfection">Holiness Pentecostalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelicalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F8E0E0; color:black;;width:1%">Organization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Connexionalism" title="Connexionalism">Connexionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Conference_(Methodism)" title="General Conference (Methodism)">General Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist Circuit">Methodist Circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastoral_charge" title="Pastoral charge">Pastoral charge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_meeting" class="mw-redirect" title="Class meeting">Class meeting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penitent_band" title="Penitent band">Penitent band</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F8E0E0; color:black;;width:1%">Other relevant <br />topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Methodist_Council" title="World Methodist Council">World Methodist Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saints_in_Methodism" title="Saints in Methodism">Saints in Methodism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_alcohol#Methodism" title="Christian views on alcohol">Methodist views on alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_local_preacher" title="Methodist local preacher">Methodist local preacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itinerant_preacher" title="Itinerant preacher">Itinerant preacher</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_rider_(religious)" title="Circuit rider (religious)">Circuit rider</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steward_(Methodism)" title="Steward (Methodism)">Steward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_Methodism" title="Homosexuality and Methodism">Homosexuality and Methodism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordination_of_women_in_Methodism" title="Ordination of women in Methodism">Ordination of women in Methodism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishops_in_Methodism" title="Bishops in Methodism">Bishops in Methodism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Appalachia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Appalachian_people" title="Template:Appalachian people"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Appalachian_people" title="Template talk:Appalachian people"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Appalachian_people" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Appalachian people"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Appalachia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Appalachia" title="Appalachia">Appalachia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>People of the <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachian Mountains</a> in the Eastern United States</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black-Dutch" class="mw-redirect" title="Black-Dutch">Black-Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee" title="Cherokee">Cherokee</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Band_of_Cherokee_Indians" title="Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians">Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chestnut_Ridge_people" title="Chestnut Ridge people">Chestnut Ridge people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melungeon" title="Melungeon">Melungeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch-Irish_Americans" title="Scotch-Irish Americans">Scotch-Irish</a></li> <li>formerly <a href="/wiki/Kanawha_Valley_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanawha Valley people">Kanawha Valley people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koasati" class="mw-redirect" title="Koasati">Koasati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shawnee" title="Shawnee">Shawnee</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yuchi" title="Yuchi">Yuchi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Blair_Mountain" title="Battle of Blair Mountain">Battle of Blair Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_Creek_War" title="Coal Creek War">Coal Creek War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_strike_of_1902" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal strike of 1902">Coal strike of 1902</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French%E2%80%93Eversole_feud" title="French–Eversole feud">French–Eversole feud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatfield%E2%80%93McCoy_feud" title="Hatfield–McCoy feud">Hatfield–McCoy feud</a> (<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Grapevine_Creek" title="Battle of the Grapevine Creek">Battle of the Grapevine Creek</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_County_feud" title="Lincoln County feud">Lincoln County feud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillbilly_Highway" title="Hillbilly Highway">Hillbilly Highway</a> (<a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Appalachian_people_in_Baltimore" title="History of the Appalachian people in Baltimore">Baltimore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Appalachian_people_in_Chicago" title="History of the Appalachian people in Chicago">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Appalachian_people_in_Metro_Detroit" title="History of the Appalachian people in Metro Detroit">Detroit</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_County,_Virginia" title="Kentucky County, Virginia">Kentucky County, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overmountain_Men" title="Overmountain Men">Overmountain Men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paint_Creek%E2%80%93Cabin_Creek_strike_of_1912" title="Paint Creek–Cabin Creek strike of 1912">Paint Creek–Cabin Creek strike of 1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Territory" title="Southwest Territory">Southwest Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Appalachia" title="Trans-Appalachia">Trans-Appalachia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilderness_Road" title="Wilderness Road">Wilderness Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_coal_wars" title="West Virginia coal wars">West Virginia coal wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Alabama_coal_strike" title="1920 Alabama coal strike">1920 Alabama coal strike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appalachia" title="Appalachia">Appalachia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_and_economic_stratification_in_Appalachia" title="Social and economic stratification in Appalachia">Social and economic stratification in Appalachia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Americans" title="Appalachian Americans">Appalachian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childbirth_in_rural_Appalachia" title="Childbirth in rural Appalachia">Childbirth in rural Appalachia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Settlement_school" title="Settlement school">Settlement school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_Appalachians" title="Urban Appalachians">Urban Appalachians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_English" title="Appalachian English">Appalachian English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_folk_art" title="Appalachian folk art">Appalachian folk art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affrilachia" title="Affrilachia">Affrilachia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_cuisine" title="Appalachian cuisine">Cuisine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_butter" title="Apple butter">apple butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_fried_steak" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicken fried steak">chicken fried steak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chow-chow_(food)" title="Chow-chow (food)">chow-chow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_ham" title="Country ham">country ham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goo_Goo_Cluster" title="Goo Goo Cluster">Goo Goo Clusters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shucky_beans" title="Shucky beans">Shucky beans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorghum_syrup" class="mw-redirect" title="Sorghum syrup">sorghum syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soup_beans" title="Soup beans">soup beans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditional music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_music" title="Appalachian music">Appalachian music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_dulcimer" title="Appalachian dulcimer">Appalachian dulcimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackberry_Blossom_(tune)" title="Blackberry Blossom (tune)">Blackberry Blossom (tune)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluegrass_fiddle" title="Bluegrass fiddle">Bluegrass fiddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluegrass_music" title="Bluegrass music">Bluegrass music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clogging" title="Clogging">Clogging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cripple_Creek_(folk_song)" title="Cripple Creek (folk song)">Cripple Creek (folk song)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Gap_(folk_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cumberland Gap (folk song)">Cumberland Gap (folk song)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Tennessee_Blues" title="East Tennessee Blues">East Tennessee Blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hootenanny" title="Hootenanny">Hootenanny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_the_Pines" title="In the Pines">In the Pines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottamun_Town" title="Nottamun Town">Nottamun Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shady_Grove_(song)" title="Shady Grove (song)">Shady Grove (song)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Dooley_(song)" title="Tom Dooley (song)">Tom Dooley (song)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Francis Asbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Boone" title="Daniel Boone">Daniel Boone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davy_Crockett" title="Davy Crockett">Davy Crockett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gordon_(militia_captain)" title="John Gordon (militia captain)">John Gordon (militia captain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil_Anse_Hatfield" title="Devil Anse Hatfield">Devil Anse Hatfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belle_Starr" title="Belle Starr">Belle Starr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In popular culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_stereotypes" title="Appalachian stereotypes">Appalachian stereotypes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_studies" title="Appalachian studies">Appalachian studies</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deliverance" title="Deliverance">Deliverance</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillbilly" title="Hillbilly">Hillbilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonshine_in_popular_culture" title="Moonshine in popular culture">Moonshine in popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_white" title="Mountain white">Mountain white</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_White" title="Poor White">Poor White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redneck" title="Redneck">Redneck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redneck_joke" title="Redneck joke">Redneck joke</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hatfields_and_the_McCoys_(film)" title="The Hatfields and the McCoys (film)">The Hatfields and the McCoys</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Part of a series on <a href="/wiki/Hill_people" title="Hill people">hill people</a> around the world</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145140#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145140#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145140#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000083801938">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/47568349">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/95920/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJv4k7QmYCmfxGfdYt69Xd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119299453">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82097730">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p074931989">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199601027">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007421983005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1264319">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/144792583">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w60002n5">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francis_Asbury&oldid=1246703904">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francis_Asbury&oldid=1246703904</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1745_births" title="Category:1745 births">1745 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1816_deaths" title="Category:1816 deaths">1816 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:18th-century_American_male_writers" title="Category:18th-century American male writers">18th-century American male writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:18th-century_American_Methodist_ministers" title="Category:18th-century American Methodist ministers">18th-century American Methodist ministers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:18th-century_American_non-fiction_writers" title="Category:18th-century American non-fiction writers">18th-century American non-fiction writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:18th-century_English_male_writers" title="Category:18th-century English male writers">18th-century English male writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:18th-century_English_non-fiction_writers" title="Category:18th-century English non-fiction writers">18th-century English non-fiction writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:18th-century_evangelicals" title="Category:18th-century evangelicals">18th-century evangelicals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:18th-century_Methodist_bishops" title="Category:18th-century Methodist bishops">18th-century Methodist bishops</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:18th-century_British_Methodist_ministers" title="Category:18th-century British Methodist ministers">18th-century British Methodist ministers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_American_bishops" title="Category:19th-century American bishops">19th-century American bishops</a></li><li><a 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