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Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_Hermann_Francke" title="August Hermann Francke – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="August Hermann Francke" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_Hermann_Francke" title="August Hermann Francke – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="August Hermann Francke" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_Hermann_Francke" title="August Hermann Francke – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="August Hermann Francke" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_Hermann_Francke" title="August Hermann Francke – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="August Hermann Francke" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_Hermann_Francke" title="August Hermann Francke – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="August Hermann Francke" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_Hermann_Francke" title="August Hermann Francke – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="August Hermann Francke" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_Hermann_Francke" title="August Hermann Francke – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="August Hermann Francke" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_Hermann_Francke" title="August Hermann Francke – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="August Hermann Francke" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_Hermann_Francke" title="August Hermann Francke – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="August Hermann Francke" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_Hermannus_Franckius" title="Augustus Hermannus Franckius – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Augustus Hermannus Franckius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_Hermann_Francke" title="August Hermann Francke – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="August Hermann Francke" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83_(%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85_%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AA)" title="اوجاست هيرمان فرانك (عالم لاهوت) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اوجاست هيرمان فرانك (عالم لاهوت)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_Hermann_Francke" title="August Hermann Francke – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="August Hermann Francke" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_Hermann_Francke" title="August Hermann Francke – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="August Hermann Francke" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_Herman_Francke" title="August Herman Francke – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="August Herman Francke" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_Hermann_Francke" title="August Hermann Francke – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="August Hermann Francke" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_Francke" title="August Francke – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="August Francke" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B5,_%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Франке, Август Герман – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Франке, Август Герман" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_Hermann_Francke" title="August Hermann Francke – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="August Hermann Francke" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_Hermann_Francke" title="August Hermann Francke – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="August Hermann Francke" data-language-autonym="Suomi" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">German clergyman and theologian (1663–1727)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For his descendant, see <a href="/wiki/August_Hermann_Francke_(Tibetologist)" title="August Hermann Francke (Tibetologist)">August Hermann Francke (Tibetologist)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:August-Hermann-Francke.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/August-Hermann-Francke.jpg/250px-August-Hermann-Francke.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/August-Hermann-Francke.jpg/330px-August-Hermann-Francke.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/August-Hermann-Francke.jpg/500px-August-Hermann-Francke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="716" data-file-height="1001" /></a><figcaption>August Hermann Francke<span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Signatur_August_Hermann_Francke.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="centered"><img alt="centered" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Signatur_August_Hermann_Francke.PNG/170px-Signatur_August_Hermann_Francke.PNG" decoding="async" width="170" height="42" class="mw-file-element" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Lutheranism" title="Category:Lutheranism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:160%;"><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Luther%27s_rose" title="Luther's rose"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Lutherrose.svg/125px-Lutherrose.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Lutherrose.svg/188px-Lutherrose.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Lutherrose.svg/250px-Lutherrose.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Background</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther#The_start_of_the_Reformation" title="Martin Luther">Start of the Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Doctrine and theology</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></li></ul></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Creed" title="Creed">Creeds</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Creed#Lutheran_Church" title="Apostles' Creed">Apostles' Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasian_Creed" title="Athanasian Creed">Athanasian Creed</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Concord" title="Book of Concord">Book of Concord</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Confession" title="Augsburg Confession">Augsburg Confession</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apology_of_the_Augsburg_Confession" title="Apology of the Augsburg Confession">Apology of the Augsburg Confession</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luther%27s_Small_Catechism" title="Luther's Small Catechism">Luther's Small</a> / <a href="/wiki/Luther%27s_Large_Catechism" title="Luther's Large Catechism">Large Catechism</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smalcald_Articles" title="Smalcald Articles">Smalcald Articles</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treatise_on_the_Power_and_Primacy_of_the_Pope" title="Treatise on the Power and Primacy of the Pope">Treatise on the Power and Primacy of the Pope</a></li></ul></div><div class="hlist"> <li><a href="/wiki/Formula_of_Concord" title="Formula of Concord">Formula of Concord</a></li></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran theology">Distinctive theological concepts</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theology_of_Martin_Luther" title="Theology of Martin Luther">Theology of Martin Luther</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Justification_(theology)#Lutheranism" title="Justification (theology)">Justification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_and_Gospel" title="Law and Gospel">Law and Gospel</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sola_gratia" title="Sola gratia">Sola gratia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sola_scriptura" title="Sola scriptura">Sola scriptura</a></i></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scholastic_Lutheran_Christology" title="Scholastic Lutheran Christology">Christology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctification_in_Christianity#Lutheranism" title="Sanctification in Christianity">Sanctification</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Two_kingdoms_doctrine" title="Two kingdoms doctrine">Two kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholicity#Lutheranism" title="Catholicity">catholicity</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Churches_Militant,_Penitent,_and_Triumphant" title="Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant">Two states of the Church</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_of_all_believers" title="Priesthood of all believers">Priesthood of all believers</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_providence#Lutheran_theology" title="Divine providence">Divine Providence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Mariology" title="Lutheran Mariology">Marian theology</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theology_of_the_Cross" title="Theology of the Cross">Theology of the Cross</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacramental_union" title="Sacramental union">Sacramental Union</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> Other relevant topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_Lutheranism" title="Homosexuality and Lutheranism">Homosexuality</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_sacraments" title="Lutheran sacraments">Sacraments</a> and worship</li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_(Lutheran_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptism (Lutheran Church)">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_Lutheranism" title="Eucharist in Lutheranism">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confession_(Lutheran_Church)" title="Confession (Lutheran Church)">Confession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation_(Lutheran_Church)" title="Confirmation (Lutheran Church)">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_marriage#Protestantism" title="Christian views on marriage">Matrimony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sick" class="mw-redirect" title="Anointing of the Sick">Anointing of the Sick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders#Lutheranism" title="Holy orders">Holy Orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Service_(Lutheran)" title="Divine Service (Lutheran)">Divine Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matins_in_Lutheranism" title="Matins in Lutheranism">Matins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vespers_in_Lutheranism" title="Vespers in Lutheranism">Vespers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_calendar_(Lutheran)" title="Liturgical calendar (Lutheran)">Liturgical calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Lutheran)" title="Calendar of saints (Lutheran)">Calendar of saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_hymn" title="Lutheran hymn">Lutheran hymn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Lutheran_hymnody" title="Template:Lutheran hymnody">Lutheran hymnwriters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_church_music_during_and_after_the_Reformation#Emergence_of_Protestant_church_music" title="Protestant church music during and after the Reformation">Normative principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_art" title="Lutheran art">Lutheran art</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Organization</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Confessional_Evangelical_Lutheran_Conference" title="Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference">Confessional Evangelical<br />Lutheran Conference</a></div></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Confessional_and_Missional_Lutheran_Forum" title="Global Confessional and Missional Lutheran Forum">Global Confessional &<br />Missional Lutheran Forum</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Lutheran_Council" title="International Lutheran Council">International Lutheran Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_World_Federation" title="Lutheran World Federation">Lutheran World Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lutheran_denominations" title="List of Lutheran denominations">Denominations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism_by_region" title="Lutheranism by region">Lutheranism by region</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Movements</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lutheranism" title="History of Lutheranism">History of Lutheranism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crypto-protestantism" class="mw-redirect" title="Crypto-protestantism">Crypto-Lutherans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnesio-Lutherans" title="Gnesio-Lutherans">Gnesio-Lutherans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_orthodoxy" title="Lutheran orthodoxy">Lutheran orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietism" title="Pietism">Pietists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Pietism" title="Radical Pietism">Radical Pietism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haugean" class="mw-redirect" title="Haugean">Haugeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laestadianism" title="Laestadianism">Laestadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awakening_(Finnish_religious_movement)" title="Awakening (Finnish religious movement)">Finnish Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Lutherans" title="Old Lutherans">Old Lutherans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Lutheranism" title="Neo-Lutheranism">Neo-Lutherans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_church_Lutheranism" title="High church Lutheranism">High church Lutherans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessional_Lutheranism" title="Confessional Lutheranism">Confessional Lutheranism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Key figures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><b>Missionaries</b> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Campanius" title="John Campanius">John Campanius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholom%C3%A4us_Ziegenbalg" title="Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg">Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Egede" title="Hans Egede">Hans Egede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_Callenberg" title="Johann Heinrich Callenberg">Johann Heinrich Callenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Phillip_Fabricius" title="Johann Phillip Fabricius">Johann Phillip Fabricius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Henkel" title="Paul Henkel">Paul Henkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Christian_Frederick_Heyer" title="John Christian Frederick Heyer">John Christian Frederick Heyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Graul" title="Karl Graul">Karl Graul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martti_Rautanen" title="Martti Rautanen">Martti Rautanen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Sihler" title="Wilhelm Sihler">Wilhelm Sihler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._C._D._Wyneken" title="F. C. D. Wyneken">F. C. D. Wyneken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Paludan_Smith_Schreuder" title="Hans Paludan Smith Schreuder">Hans Paludan Smith Schreuder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Olsen_Skrefsrud" title="Lars Olsen Skrefsrud">Lars Olsen Skrefsrud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Ingwer_Nommensen" title="Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen">Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onesimos_Nesib" title="Onesimos Nesib">Onesimos Nesib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Olaf_Bodding" title="Paul Olaf Bodding">Paul Olaf Bodding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Flierl" title="Johann Flierl">Johann Flierl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Keyser" title="Christian Keyser">Christian Keyser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jens_Christensen_(bishop)" title="Jens Christensen (bishop)">Jens Christensen</a></li></ul> </div> <p><b>Bible Translators</b> </p> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther#Translation_of_the_Bible" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casiodoro_de_Reina" title="Casiodoro de Reina">Casiodoro de Reina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kjell_Magne_Yri" title="Kjell Magne Yri">Kjell Magne Yri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onesimos_Nesib" title="Onesimos Nesib">Onesimos Nesib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aster_Ganno" title="Aster Ganno">Aster Ganno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristian_Osvald_Vider%C3%B8" title="Kristian Osvald Viderø">Kristian Osvald Viderø</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1kup_Dahl" title="Jákup Dahl">Jákup Dahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholom%C3%A4us_Ziegenbalg" title="Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg">Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Phillip_Fabricius#Bible_translation" title="Johann Phillip Fabricius">Johann Phillip Fabricius</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Tyndale" title="William Tyndale">William Tyndale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rogers_(Bible_editor_and_martyr)" title="John Rogers (Bible editor and martyr)">John Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Constantine_(priest)" title="George Constantine (priest)">George Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jozef_Roh%C3%A1%C4%8Dek" title="Jozef Roháček">Jozef Roháček</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Avetaranian" title="Johannes Avetaranian">Johannes Avetaranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%B0brandur_%C3%9Eorl%C3%A1ksson" title="Guðbrandur Þorláksson">Guðbrandur Þorláksson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_translations_into_Kurdish" title="Bible translations into Kurdish">Ludvig Olsen Fossum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Egede" title="Hans Egede">Hans Egede</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Egede" title="Paul Egede">Paul Egede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Fabricius" title="Otto Fabricius">Otto Fabricius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nils_Vibe_Stockfleth" title="Nils Vibe Stockfleth">Nils Vibe Stockfleth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaus_Petri" title="Olaus Petri">Olaus Petri</a> / <a href="/wiki/Laurentius_Petri" title="Laurentius Petri">Laurentius Petri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martti_Rautanen" title="Martti Rautanen">Martti Rautanen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primo%C5%BE_Trubar" title="Primož Trubar">Primož Trubar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurij_Dalmatin" title="Jurij Dalmatin">Jurij Dalmatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Ingwer_Nommensen" title="Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen">Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Krelj" title="Sebastian Krelj">Sebastian Krelj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikael_Agricola" title="Mikael Agricola">Mikael Agricola</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Bible_Society" title="Norwegian Bible Society">Norwegian Bible Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Bible_Society" title="Swedish Bible Society">Swedish Bible Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Ludwik_Zasadius" title="Samuel Ludwik Zasadius">Samuel Ludwik Zasadius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanislovas_Rapolionis" title="Stanislovas Rapolionis">Stanislovas Rapolionis</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laurentius_Andreae" title="Laurentius Andreae">Laurentius Andreae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Tausen" title="Hans Tausen">Hans Tausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaf_M._Norlie" title="Olaf M. Norlie">Olaf M. Norlie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Bretk%C5%ABnas" title="Jonas Bretkūnas">Jonas Bretkūnas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Paludan_Smith_Schreuder" title="Hans Paludan Smith Schreuder">Hans Paludan Smith Schreuder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Brucioli" title="Antonio Brucioli">Antonio Brucioli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorbs#Language_and_culture" title="Sorbs">Mikołaj Jakubica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Bel" title="Matthias Bel">Matthias Bel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Ernst_Gl%C3%BCck" title="Johann Ernst Glück">Johann Ernst Glück</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Beck" title="William F. Beck">William F. Beck</a></li></ul> </div> <p><b>Theologians</b> </p> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> / <a href="/wiki/Katharina_von_Bora" title="Katharina von Bora">Katharina von Bora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Melanchthon" title="Philip Melanchthon">Philip Melanchthon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Bugenhagen" title="Johannes Bugenhagen">Johannes Bugenhagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Brenz" title="Johannes Brenz">Johannes Brenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justus_Jonas" title="Justus Jonas">Justus Jonas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Tausen" title="Hans Tausen">Hans Tausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurentius_Petri" title="Laurentius Petri">Laurentius Petri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaus_Petri" title="Olaus Petri">Olaus Petri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikael_Agricola" title="Mikael Agricola">Mikael Agricola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Flacius" title="Matthias Flacius">Matthias Flacius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Chemnitz" title="Martin Chemnitz">Martin Chemnitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gerhard" title="Johann Gerhard">Johann Gerhard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Calovius" title="Abraham Calovius">Abraham Calovius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Andreas_Quenstedt" title="Johannes Andreas Quenstedt">Johannes Andreas Quenstedt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wilhelm_Baier" title="Johann Wilhelm Baier">Johann Wilhelm Baier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Spener" title="Philipp Spener">Philipp Spener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hollatz_(dogmatician)" title="David Hollatz (dogmatician)">David Hollaz</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">August Hermann Francke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Muhlenberg" title="Henry Muhlenberg">Henry Muhlenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Levi_Laestadius" title="Lars Levi Laestadius">Lars Levi Laestadius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Porterfield_Krauth" title="Charles Porterfield Krauth">Charles Porterfield Krauth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._F._W._Walther" title="C. F. W. Walther">C. F. W. Walther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard" title="Søren Kierkegaard">Søren Kierkegaard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Ritschl" title="Albrecht Ritschl">Albrecht Ritschl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Herrmann" title="Wilhelm Herrmann">Wilhelm Herrmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_Stellhorn" title="Frederick William Stellhorn">F. W. Stellhorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Otto" title="Rudolf Otto">Rudolf Otto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Troeltsch" title="Ernst Troeltsch">Ernst Troeltsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Bultmann" title="Rudolf Bultmann">Rudolf Bultmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Tillich" title="Paul Tillich">Paul Tillich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Sasse" title="Hermann Sasse">Hermann Sasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_Bonhoeffer" title="Dietrich Bonhoeffer">Dietrich Bonhoeffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfhart_Pannenberg" title="Wolfhart Pannenberg">Wolfhart Pannenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jenson" title="Robert Jenson">Robert Jenson</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lutheranism" title="Template:Lutheranism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lutheranism" title="Template talk:Lutheranism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lutheranism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lutheranism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>August Hermann Francke</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈaʊɡʊst<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈhɛʁman<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈfʁaŋkə]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/f7\/De-august-hermann-francke.ogg\/De-august-hermann-francke.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-august-hermann-francke.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f7/De-august-hermann-francke.ogg/De-august-hermann-francke.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-august-hermann-francke.ogg" title="File:De-august-hermann-francke.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>; 22 March 1663 – 8 June 1727) was a German <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> <a href="/wiki/Clergyman" class="mw-redirect" title="Clergyman">clergyman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theologian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philanthropist" class="mw-redirect" title="Philanthropist">philanthropist</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Biblical_scholar" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical scholar">Biblical scholar</a>. His evangelistic fervour and pietism got him expelled as lecturer from the universities of Dresden and Leipzig and as deacon from Erfurt. In 1691 he found his calling at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Halle" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Halle">University of Halle</a>, where he turned towards the education of <a href="/wiki/Underprivileged_children" class="mw-redirect" title="Underprivileged children">underprivileged children</a>; he founded an <a href="/wiki/Orphan_asylum" class="mw-redirect" title="Orphan asylum">orphan asylum</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Latin_school" title="Latin school">Latin school</a>, a <a href="/wiki/German_school" class="mw-redirect" title="German school">German school</a> (or burgher school), a <i>Gynaeceum</i>, the first Protestant higher <a href="/wiki/Girls_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Girls school">girls school</a>, and a seminary for training teachers. Francke's schools provided a prototype, which greatly influenced later German education. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=August_Hermann_Francke&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Lübeck</a> in 1663, Francke was educated at the <a href="/wiki/Ernestine_Gymnasium,_Gotha" title="Ernestine Gymnasium, Gotha">Illustrious Gymnasium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gotha" title="Gotha">Gotha</a> before he studied at the universities of <a href="/wiki/University_of_Erfurt" title="University of Erfurt">Erfurt</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Kiel" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Kiel">Kiel</a> — where he came under the influence of the <a href="/wiki/Pietism" title="Pietism">Pietist</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Kortholt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Kortholt (page does not exist)">Christian Kortholt</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Kortholt_der_%C3%84ltere" class="extiw" title="de:Christian Kortholt der Ältere">de</a>]</sup> — and finally <a href="/wiki/University_of_Leipzig" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Leipzig">University of Leipzig</a>. During his student career he made a special study of <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>; and in order to learn Hebrew more thoroughly, he for some time put himself under the instructions of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezra_Edzardi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ezra Edzardi (page does not exist)">Ezra Edzardi</a> at <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>. He graduated at Leipzig, where in 1685 he became a <i><a href="/wiki/Privatdozent" title="Privatdozent">Privatdozent</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm19114_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm19114-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=August_Hermann_Francke&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A year later, with the help of his friend P. Anton, and with the approval and encouragement of <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Jakob_Spener" class="mw-redirect" title="Philipp Jakob Spener">Philipp Jakob Spener</a>, he founded the <i>Collegium Philobiblicum</i>, at which a number of graduates met regularly for the systematic study of the Bible, philologically and practically. He next spent some months at <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCneburg" title="Lüneburg">Lüneburg</a> as assistant or curate to the learned superintendent, Kaspar Hermann "K.C." Sandhagen, where his religious beliefs deepened. On leaving Lüneburg he spent some time in <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, where he became a teacher in a private school, and made the acquaintance of Nikolaus Lange.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm19114_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm19114-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After a long visit to Spener, at that time a court preacher in <a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a>, Francke returned to <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a> in the spring of 1689, and began to give Bible lectures of an exegetical and practical kind, at the same time resuming the Collegium Philobiblicum of earlier days. He soon became popular as a lecturer; but the peculiarities of his teaching almost immediately aroused violent opposition on the part of the university authorities, and before the end of the year he was interdicted from lecturing on the grounds of his alleged <a href="/wiki/Pietism" title="Pietism">Pietism</a>. That was how Francke's name first came to be publicly associated with that of Spener, and with Pietism. Prohibited from lecturing in Leipzig, Francke in 1690 found work at <a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a> as "deacon" of one of the city churches. Here his evangelistic fervour attracted multitudes to his preaching, including <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholics</a>, but at the same time excited the anger of his opponents; and the result of their opposition was that after a ministry of fifteen months he was commanded by the civil authorities (27 September 1691) to leave Erfurt within forty-eight hours. That same year Spener was expelled from Dresden.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm19114–5_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm19114–5-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 1691 , through Spener's influence, Francke accepted an invitation to fill the chair of Greek and oriental languages in the new <a href="/wiki/University_of_Halle" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Halle">University of Halle</a>, which was at that time being organized by the elector <a href="/wiki/Frederick_I_of_Prussia" title="Frederick I of Prussia">Frederick III of Brandenburg</a>; and at the same time, the chair having no salary attached to it, he was appointed <a href="/wiki/Pastor" title="Pastor">pastor</a> of Halle-Glaucha, in the immediate neighbourhood of Halle. He afterwards became professor of <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theology</a>. Here, for the remaining thirty-six years of his life, he discharged the twofold office of pastor and professor with energy and success.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm19115_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm19115-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schooling,_1695-1727"><span id="Schooling.2C_1695-1727"></span>Schooling, 1695-1727</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=August_Hermann_Francke&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Schooling, 1695-1727"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the very outset of his labours, he had been profoundly impressed with a sense of his responsibility towards the numerous <a href="/wiki/Underprivileged_children" class="mw-redirect" title="Underprivileged children">underprivileged children</a> who were growing up around him in ignorance and crime. After a number of tentative plans, he resolved in 1695 to institute what is often called a "<a href="/wiki/Ragged_school" title="Ragged school">ragged school</a>", supported by <a href="/wiki/Public_charity" class="mw-redirect" title="Public charity">public charity</a>. A <a href="/wiki/One-room_school" title="One-room school">one-room school</a> was at first sufficient, but within a year it was found necessary to purchase a house, to which another was added in 1697.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm19115_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm19115-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1698, there were 100 orphans under his charge to be clothed and fed, besides 500 children who were taught as <a href="/wiki/Day_scholar" class="mw-redirect" title="Day scholar">day scholars</a>. The schools grew in importance and were later known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Franckesche_Stiftungen" class="mw-redirect" title="Franckesche Stiftungen">Franckesche Stiftungen</a></i>. The education given was strictly religious. Hebrew was included, while the Greek and Latin classics were neglected; the <i>Homilies of <a href="/wiki/Macarius" title="Macarius">Macarius</a></i> took the place of <a href="/wiki/Thucydides" title="Thucydides">Thucydides</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm19115_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm19115-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A chemist, whom Francke had visited on his deathbed, bequeathed to him the recipe for compounding certain medicines, which afterwards yielded an annual income of more than $20,000, and made the institution independent. Shortly after its founding, the institution comprised an <a href="/wiki/Orphan_asylum" class="mw-redirect" title="Orphan asylum">orphan asylum</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Latin_school" title="Latin school">Latin school</a>, a <a href="/wiki/German_school" class="mw-redirect" title="German school">German school</a> (or burgher school), and a seminary for training teachers for these establishments. Although Francke's principal aim was religious instruction, he also taught <a href="/wiki/Natural_science" title="Natural science">natural science</a> and <a href="/wiki/Physical_education" title="Physical education">physical exercises</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vocational_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocational training">manual trades</a>. He ran an <a href="/wiki/Apothecary" title="Apothecary">apothecary</a>'s shop and, having assisted his friend <a href="/wiki/Carl_Hildebrand_von_Canstein" title="Carl Hildebrand von Canstein">Carl Hildebrand von Canstein</a> in founding the first modern <a href="/wiki/Bible_society" title="Bible society">Bible society</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Printing_press" title="Printing press">printing press</a> for publishing cheap copies of the Bible for mass distribution. At the time of Francke's death, the schools were frequented by more than 2,300 pupils.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERines1920_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERines1920-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERipleyDana1879_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERipleyDana1879-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1698, he also founded the <i>Gynaeceum</i>, the first Protestant higher <a href="/wiki/Girls_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Girls school">girls school</a>, influenced by <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_F%C3%A9nelon" title="François Fénelon">François Fénelon</a>, whose work he had translated from French. Its curriculum was different from the orphanage school and the school lasted only until 1730.<sup id="cite_ref-James_C._Albisetti_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-James_C._Albisetti-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his university teaching as well, he gave great emphasis to religion. Even as professor of Greek, he had given great prominence in his lectures to the study of the <a href="/wiki/Scriptures" class="mw-redirect" title="Scriptures">Scriptures</a>; but he found a much more congenial sphere when, in 1698, he was appointed to the chair of theology. Yet his first courses of lectures in that department were readings and expositions of the Old and New Testament; and to this, as also to <a href="/wiki/Hermeneutics" title="Hermeneutics">hermeneutics</a>, he always attached special importance, believing that for theology a sound <a href="/wiki/Exegesis" title="Exegesis">exegesis</a> was indispensable. "Theologus nascitur in scripturis", he used to say; but during his occupancy of the theological chair he lectured at various times upon other branches of theology also. Among his colleagues were <a href="/wiki/Paul_Anton" title="Paul Anton">Paul Anton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Lange" class="mw-redirect" title="Joachim Lange">Joachim Lange</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELatourette196746–47_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELatourette196746–47-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Johann_Juncker" title="Johann Juncker">Johann Juncker</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGawthrop2006171–173_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGawthrop2006171–173-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> — men who shared his beliefs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life_and_death">Personal life and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=August_Hermann_Francke&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Personal life and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=August_Hermann_Francke&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Franke died on 8 June 1727. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=August_Hermann_Francke&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Francke's schools provided a prototype, which greatly influenced later German education, particularly <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's education">women's education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELatourette1967412_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELatourette1967412-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Gynaeceum was followed by many Pietist <a href="/wiki/Girls_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Girls school">girls schools</a> in Germany, notably the Magdalenenstift in <a href="/wiki/Altenburg" title="Altenburg">Altenburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Johann_Julius_Hecker" title="Johann Julius Hecker">Johann Julius Hecker</a>'s Royal Elisabeth School in Berlin in 1747.<sup id="cite_ref-James_C._Albisetti_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-James_C._Albisetti-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 18th century, it became common with so called Töchterschule ('daughters' schools') in German cities, supported by the <a href="/wiki/Merchant_class" class="mw-redirect" title="Merchant class">merchant class</a> who wished for their daughters to be given elementary schooling, as well as girls' schools known as <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4dchenpensionat" class="mw-redirect" title="Mädchenpensionat">Mädchenpensionate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-James_C._Albisetti_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-James_C._Albisetti-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Through his and his colleagues influence upon the students, Halle became a centre from which Pietism became very widely diffused over Germany. Under Francke's influence, <a href="/wiki/Christian_missionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian missionary">Christian missionary</a> efforts were greatly enhanced,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELatourette196746–47_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELatourette196746–47-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> zeal was aroused and recruits for Christian missions were gained,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm19115_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm19115-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERouster200028_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERouster200028-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Halle also became the centre for the <a href="/wiki/Danish-Halle_Mission" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish-Halle Mission">Danish-Halle Mission</a> to India.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuekerPoellotJackson2000_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELuekerPoellotJackson2000-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=August_Hermann_Francke&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Francke's principal contributions to theological literature were: <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Manuductio ad Lectionem Scripturae Sacrae</i></span></i> (1693); <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Praelectiones Hermeneuticae</i></span></i> (1717); <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Commentatio de Scopo Librorum Veteris et Novi Testamenti</i></span></i> (1724); and <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Lectiones Paraeneticae</i></span></i> (1726-1736). The <i>Manuductio</i> was translated into English in 1813, under the title <i>A Guide to the Reading and Study of the Holy Scriptures</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm19115_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm19115-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An account of his orphanage, entitled <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Segensvolle Fußstapfen</i></span></i>, (1709), which subsequently passed through several editions, has also been partially translated, under the title <i>The Footsteps of Divine Providence, or, The Bountiful Hand of Heaven Defraying the Expenses of Faith</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm19115_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm19115-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Francke, August Hermann (1704): <i>August Hermann Franckes Schrift über eine Reform des Erziehungs- und Bildungswesens als Ausgangspunkt einer geistlichen und sozialen Neuordnung der Evangelischen Kirche des 18. Jahrhunderts: der Grosse Aufsatz. Mit einer quellenkundlichen Einführung.</i> Hrsg. v. Otto Podczeck. Berlin. Akademie 1962.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=August_Hermann_Francke&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm19114-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm19114_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm19114_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm19114–5-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm19114–5_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>, pp. 4–5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm19115-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm19115_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm19115_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm19115_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm19115_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm19115_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm19115_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERines1920-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERines1920_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRines1920">Rines 1920</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERipleyDana1879-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERipleyDana1879_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRipleyDana1879">Ripley & Dana 1879</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-James_C._Albisetti-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-James_C._Albisetti_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-James_C._Albisetti_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-James_C._Albisetti_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">James C. Albisetti: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FggABAAAQBAJ&dq=August+Hermann+Francke+girls%27+school&pg=PA25">Schooling German Girls and Women</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELatourette196746–47-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELatourette196746–47_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELatourette196746–47_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLatourette1967">Latourette 1967</a>, pp. 46–47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGawthrop2006171–173-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGawthrop2006171–173_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawthrop2006">Gawthrop 2006</a>, pp. 171–173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELatourette1967412-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELatourette1967412_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLatourette1967">Latourette 1967</a>, p. 412.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERouster200028-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERouster200028_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRouster2000">Rouster 2000</a>, p. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELuekerPoellotJackson2000-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuekerPoellotJackson2000_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLuekerPoellotJackson2000">Lueker, Poellot & Jackson 2000</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKlosterberg2020" class="citation journal cs1">Klosterberg, Brigitte (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.projekt-mida.de/reflexicon/the-mission-archives-in-the-archives-of-the-francke-foundations-in-halle/">"The "Mission Archives" in the Archives of the Francke Foundations in Halle"</a>. <i>MIDA Archival Reflexicon</i>: 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MIDA+Archival+Reflexicon&rft.atitle=The+%22Mission+Archives%22+in+the+Archives+of+the+Francke+Foundations+in+Halle&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Klosterberg&rft.aufirst=Brigitte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.projekt-mida.de%2Freflexicon%2Fthe-mission-archives-in-the-archives-of-the-francke-foundations-in-halle%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugust+Hermann+Francke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=August_Hermann_Francke&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGawthrop2006" class="citation book cs1">Gawthrop, Richard L. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VodSxz7Haq4C&pg=PA171"><i>Pietism and the making of eighteenth-century Prussia</i></a> (1st pbk. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">171–</span>173. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521030120" title="Special:BookSources/9780521030120"><bdi>9780521030120</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pietism+and+the+making+of+eighteenth-century+Prussia&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E171-%3C%2Fspan%3E173&rft.edition=1st+pbk.&rft.pub=Cambridge+Univ.+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780521030120&rft.aulast=Gawthrop&rft.aufirst=Richard+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVodSxz7Haq4C%26pg%3DPA171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugust+Hermann+Francke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLatourette1967" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Scott_Latourette" title="Kenneth Scott Latourette">Latourette, Kenneth Scott</a> (1967) [1939]. <i>A History of the Expansion of Christianity</i>. Vol. 3. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan. pp. <span class="nowrap">46–</span>47, 412.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Expansion+of+Christianity&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+MI&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E46-%3C%2Fspan%3E47%2C+412&rft.pub=Zondervan&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Latourette&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+Scott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugust+Hermann+Francke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLuekerPoellotJackson2000" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Lueker, Erwin L.; Poellot, Luther; Jackson, Paul, eds. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cyclopedia.lcms.org/display.asp?t1=f&word=FRANCKE.AUGUSTHERMANN">"August Hermann Francke"</a>. <i>Christian Cyclopedia</i>. St Louis.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=August+Hermann+Francke&rft.btitle=Christian+Cyclopedia&rft.place=St+Louis&rft.date=2000&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcyclopedia.lcms.org%2Fdisplay.asp%3Ft1%3Df%26word%3DFRANCKE.AUGUSTHERMANN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugust+Hermann+Francke" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_encyclopedia" title="Template:Cite encyclopedia">cite encyclopedia</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRines1920" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Francke, August Hermann"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_Americana_(1920)/Francke,_August_Hermann">"Francke, August Hermann" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Americana" title="Encyclopedia Americana">Encyclopedia Americana</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Francke%2C+August+Hermann&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Americana&rft.date=1920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugust+Hermann+Francke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRipleyDana1879" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A., eds. (1879). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Francke, August Hermann"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_American_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_(1879)/Francke,_August_Hermann">"Francke, August Hermann" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Cyclop%C3%A6dia" class="mw-redirect" title="The American Cyclopædia">The American Cyclopædia</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Francke%2C+August+Hermann&rft.btitle=The+American+Cyclop%C3%A6dia&rft.date=1879&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugust+Hermann+Francke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRouster2000" class="citation news cs1">Rouster, Lorella (Fall 2000). "Testimonies of Faith, A.H. Francke,--<i>Shining Pietist Light</i>". <i>Sunday School Times/Gospel Herald</i>. p. 28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sunday+School+Times%2FGospel+Herald&rft.atitle=Testimonies+of+Faith%2C+A.H.+Francke%2C--Shining+Pietist+Light&rft.ssn=fall&rft.pages=28&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Rouster&rft.aufirst=Lorella&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugust+Hermann+Francke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Brigitte Klosterberg: "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.projekt-mida.de/reflexicon/the-mission-archives-in-the-archives-of-the-francke-foundations-in-halle/">The “Mission Archives” in the Archives of the Francke Foundations in Halle</a>." in: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.projekt-mida.de/rechercheportal/reflexicon/">MIDA Archival Reflexicon</a></i> (2020), ISSN 2628-5029, 9 pp.</li></ul> <p><b>Attribution</b> </p> <ul><li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Francke,_August_Hermann" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Francke, August Hermann">Francke, August Hermann</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Francke%2C+August+Hermann&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugust+Hermann+Francke" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=August_Hermann_Francke&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Sattler, Gary R. (1982). <i>God's Glory, Neighbor's Good: A brief introduction to the life and writings of August Hermann Francke.</i> Chicago: Covenant Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-910452-50-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-910452-50-4">0-910452-50-4</a>.</li> <li>Yoder, Peter James (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.psupress.org/books/titles/978-0-271-08800-6.html">Pietism and the Sacraments: The Life and Theology of August Hermann Francke</a>. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-271-08800-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-271-08800-6">978-0-271-08800-6</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=August_Hermann_Francke&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:August_Hermann_Francke" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:August Hermann Francke">August Hermann Francke</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Augustus Hermann Francke <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/christsumsubstan00fran">Christ the sum and substance of all the Holy Scriptures, in the Old and New Testament</a> Published 1732</li> <li>Augustus Hermann Francke <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nicodemusortreat00fran">Nicodemus, or, A treatise against the fear of man</a> Published 1831</li> <li>Augustus Hermann Francke <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/guidetoreadingst01fran_0">A guide to the reading and study of the Holy Scriptures</a> Published 1823</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Ernst_Ferdinand_Guericke" title="Heinrich Ernst Ferdinand Guericke">Heinrich Ernst Ferdinand Guericke</a>, 1803-1878 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/augustushe00guer">Life of Augustus Herman Franke</a> Published 1847</li> <li><a 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