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<nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pangunahing pagpipilian" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pangunahing pagpipilian</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pangunahing pagpipilian</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">itago</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Maglibot </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" title="Puntahan ang unang pahina [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Unang pahina</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tingnan_ang_buod" title="Mga gabay sa pagbabasa ng laktaw-laktaw sa Wikipedia"><span>Mga nilalaman</span></a></li><li id="n-Napiling-nilalaman" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mga_napiling_artikulo"><span>Napiling nilalaman</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Alin_man" title="Magpalabas ng kahit-anong artikulo [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Alinmang artikulo</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Patungkol"><span>Patungkol sa Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kasalukuyang_pangyayari" title="Hanapin ang mga impormasyon tungkol sa mga kamakailang kaganapan"><span>Mga kaganapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div 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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Mga huling binago</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Makipag-ugnayan_sa_amin" title="Paano makokontak ang Wikipedia"><span>Makipag-ugnayan</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tulong" title="Ang lugar para maghanap ng tulong sa Wikipedia."><span>Tulong</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ang Malayang Ensiklopedya" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-tl.svg" width="119" height="13" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Maghanap" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Maghanap sa Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Hanapin</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" aria-label="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Maghanap sa Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Natatangi:Maghanap"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Hanapin</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itsura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itsura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itsura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl" class=""><span>Donasyon</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Republika+ng+Biak-na-Bato" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito" class=""><span>Gumawa ng account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&returnto=Republika+ng+Biak-na-Bato" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Mag-login</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Marami pang pagpipilian" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mga pansariling kagamitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl"><span>Donasyon</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Mag-ambag</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Republika+ng+Biak-na-Bato" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Gumawa ng account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&returnto=Republika+ng+Biak-na-Bato" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Mag-login</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mga pahina para sa naka-logout na mga patnugot o editor <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Maligayang_pagdating!" aria-label="Alamin pa ang tungkol sa pagpapatnugot"><span>alamin pa</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Usapan_ko" title="Usapang tungkol sa mga pagbabagong ginawa sa ip address na ito [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Usapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Mga nilalaman" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mga nilalaman</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">itago</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Simula</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Pamahalaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pamahalaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Pamahalaan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pamahalaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kasaysayan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kasaysayan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kasaysayan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kasaysayan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pamana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pamana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Pamana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pamana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_sanggunian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_sanggunian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Mga sanggunian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_sanggunian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mga nilalaman" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Republika ng Biak-na-Bato</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pumunta sa isang artikulo na nakasulat sa ibang wika. Mayroon ito sa 11 (na) wika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 wika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%83_%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88" title="جمهورية بياك نا باتو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جمهورية بياك نا باتو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Biac-na-Bat%C3%B3" title="República de Biac-na-Bató – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="República de Biac-na-Bató" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_von_Biak-na-Bato" title="Republik von Biak-na-Bato – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Republik von Biak-na-Bato" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Biak-na-Bato" title="Republic of Biak-na-Bato – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Republic of Biak-na-Bato" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Biac-na-Bat%C3%B3" title="República de Biac-na-Bató – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="República de Biac-na-Bató" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_de_Biak-na-Bato" title="République de Biak-na-Bato – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="République de Biak-na-Bato" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Biak-na_Bato" title="Republik Biak-na Bato – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Republik Biak-na Bato" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Biak-na-Bato" title="República de Biak-na-Bato – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="República de Biak-na-Bato" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BA-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Республика Биак-на-Бато – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Республика Биак-на-Бато" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81-%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2-%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95" title="สาธารณรัฐเบียก-นา-บาโต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สาธารณรัฐเบียก-นา-บาโต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%B9%E9%82%A3%E5%B7%B4%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="边那巴多共和国 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="边那巴多共和国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q575132#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Baguhin ang link sa ibang wika" class="wbc-editpage">baguhin ang mga link</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Republika_ng_Biak-na-Bato" title="Tingnan ang nilalaman [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Usapan:Republika_ng_Biak-na-Bato" rel="discussion" title="Usapan tungkol sa nilalaman nito [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Usapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ibahin ang baryante o variant ng wika" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tagalog</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Mga tingin"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Republika_ng_Biak-na-Bato"><span>Basahin</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republika_ng_Biak-na-Bato&veaction=edit" title="Baguhin ito [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Baguhin</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republika_ng_Biak-na-Bato&action=edit" title="Baguhin ang kodigong batayan ng pahinang ito [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Baguhin ang wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republika_ng_Biak-na-Bato&action=history" title="Nakaraang pagbabago sa pahinang ito [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Tingnan ang kasaysayan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mga kagamitan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mga kagamitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mga kagamitan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">itago</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mga aksyon </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Republika_ng_Biak-na-Bato"><span>Basahin</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republika_ng_Biak-na-Bato&veaction=edit" title="Baguhin ito [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Baguhin</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republika_ng_Biak-na-Bato&action=edit" title="Baguhin ang kodigong batayan ng pahinang ito [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Baguhin ang wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republika_ng_Biak-na-Bato&action=history"><span>Tingnan ang kasaysayan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pangkalahatan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Ano_ang_nakakawing_dito/Republika_ng_Biak-na-Bato" title="Talaan ng mga pahinang wiking nakaturo rito. [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Mga nakaturo rito</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Nakakawing_ng_kamakailang_pagbabago/Republika_ng_Biak-na-Bato" rel="nofollow" title="Mga huling binago sa mga kaugnay na pahina mula sa pahinang ito [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Kaugnay na pagbabago</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=tl" title="Magkarga ng mga larawan o iba pang midya [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Mag-upload ng file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Natatanging_mga_pahina" title="Tala ng mga natatanging pahina [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Natatanging pahina</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republika_ng_Biak-na-Bato&oldid=2084300" title="Ibigay ang palagiang kawing para sa kasalukuyang bersyon ng pahinang ito"><span>Permanenteng link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republika_ng_Biak-na-Bato&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Impormasyon ng pahina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Sipiin&page=Republika_ng_Biak-na-Bato&id=2084300&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Impormasyon sa pagsangguni sa pahinang ito"><span>Sumangguni</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRepublika_ng_Biak-na-Bato"><span>Kumuha ng pinaikling URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRepublika_ng_Biak-na-Bato"><span>I-download ang QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> I-print/I-export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Aklat&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Republika+ng+Biak-na-Bato"><span>Lumikha ng isang aklat</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:DownloadAsPdf&page=Republika_ng_Biak-na-Bato&action=show-download-screen"><span>I-download bilang PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republika_ng_Biak-na-Bato&printable=yes" title="Ipakita ang bersyon ng pahinang itong madaling maililimbag [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Bersyong mapi-print</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sa iba pang proyekto </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q575132" title="Link sa nakakonektang item sa repositoryo ng datos [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Item na Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itsura"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Itsura</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">itago</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Mula sa Wikipedia, ang malayang ensiklopedya</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tl" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1971697">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2051707">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country 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.ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Republika ng Biak-na-Bato</div><div class="ib-country-names"><i>Repúbliká ng̃ Biak-na-Bató</i><br /><i>República de Biac-na-Bató</i> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1897–1897</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; width:58%; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Flag_of_the_Tagalog_people.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Watawat ng Biak-na-Bato, Republika ng"><img alt="Watawat ng Biak-na-Bato, Republika ng" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_the_Tagalog_people.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_Tagalog_people.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_the_Tagalog_people.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_Tagalog_people.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_the_Tagalog_people.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_Tagalog_people.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="460" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Watawat_ng_Pilipinas" title="Watawat ng Pilipinas">Watawat</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Seal_of_the_Republic_of_Biak-na-Bato.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eskudo ng Biak-na-Bato, Republika ng"><img alt="Eskudo ng Biak-na-Bato, Republika ng" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Seal_of_the_Republic_of_Biak-na-Bato.svg/85px-Seal_of_the_Republic_of_Biak-na-Bato.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Seal_of_the_Republic_of_Biak-na-Bato.svg/128px-Seal_of_the_Republic_of_Biak-na-Bato.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Seal_of_the_Republic_of_Biak-na-Bato.svg/170px-Seal_of_the_Republic_of_Biak-na-Bato.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="378" /></a></span></div> <div>Eskudo</div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Map_of_Philippines.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Kinaroroonan ng Republika ng Biak-na-Bato sa Asya"><img alt="Kinaroroonan ng Republika ng Biak-na-Bato sa Asya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Map_of_Philippines.png/250px-Map_of_Philippines.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Map_of_Philippines.png/375px-Map_of_Philippines.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Map_of_Philippines.png 2x" data-file-width="442" data-file-height="197" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Kinaroroonan ng Republika ng Biak-na-Bato sa Asya</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Katayuan</th><td class="infobox-data">Hindi Kinilalang Estado</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kabisera</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maynila" title="Maynila">Maynila</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Karaniwang wika</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wikang_Kastila" title="Wikang Kastila">Kastila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Tagalog" title="Wikang Tagalog">Tagalog</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pamahalaan</th><td class="infobox-data">Republika</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Pangulo_ng_Pilipinas" title="Pangulo ng Pilipinas">Pangulo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Panahon</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Himagsikang_Pilipino" title="Himagsikang Pilipino">Himagsikang Pilipino</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1971697"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Naitatag </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Nobyembre 1 1897</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Binuwag </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Disyembre 15 1897</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Lawak</th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">1897</th><td class="infobox-data">300,000 km<sup>2</sup> (120,000 mi kuw)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; background: transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Pinalitan</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; background: transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Espanya_Silangang_Indias" class="mw-redirect" title="Espanya Silangang Indias">Espanya Silangang Indias</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Ang <b>Republika ng Biak-na-Bato</b> (<a href="/wiki/Wikang_Kastila" title="Wikang Kastila">Kastila</a>: <i lang="es">República de Biac-na-Bató</i>), opisyal na tinutukoy ng saligang batas nito bilang ang <b>Republika ng Filipinas</b> (<a href="/wiki/Wikang_Kastila" title="Wikang Kastila">Kastila</a>: <i lang="es">República de Filipinas</i>) ay ang kauna-unahang republikang naitatag sa <a href="/wiki/Pilipinas" title="Pilipinas">Pilipinas</a> ng manghihimagsik na si <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo" title="Emilio Aguinaldo">Emilio Aguinaldo</a> at ang kanyang mga kapwa kasapi sa <a href="/wiki/Katipunan" title="Katipunan">Katipunan</a>. Sa kabila ng tagumpay nito gaya ng pagkakatatag ng <a href="/wiki/Saligang_Batas_ng_Pilipinas" title="Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas">kauna-unahang Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas</a>, ang republika ay nagtagal lamang ng ilang buwan. Isang kasunduang pangkapayapaan ang nilagdaan ni Aguinaldo (sa pagitan ng mga Katipunero at sa Kastilang <a href="/wiki/Mga_Gobernador-Heneral_ng_Pilipinas" title="Mga Gobernador-Heneral ng Pilipinas">Gobernador Heneral</a> <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Primo_de_Rivera" title="Fernando Primo de Rivera">Fernando Primo de Rivera</a>) ang nagtapos ng republika at pinatapon si Emilio Aguinaldo sa <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>. Isinasaad sa saligang batas na biak na bato ang paghihiwalay ng Pilipinas sa Espanya at ang pagtatayo ng Republikang Pilipino. Ngunit ito ay hindi nasunod. Nagpatuloy ang pakikipaglaban at tumangging isuko ng mga rebolusyonaryo ang kanilang mga armas. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pamahalaan">Pamahalaan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republika_ng_Biak-na-Bato&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pamahalaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republika_ng_Biak-na-Bato&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Pamahalaan"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ang saligang batas ng Republika ng Biak-na-Bato ay isinulat ni Felix Ferrer at Isabelo Artacho na kumopya sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saligang_batas_ng_Kuba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saligang batas ng Kuba (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kubanong Saligang Batas</a> ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jimaguay%C3%BA,_Kuba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jimaguayú, Kuba (hindi pa naisusulat)">Jimaguayú</a> na halos magkakamukha ang mga salita. Ito ay nakapagbigay-daan sa pagkakabuo ng <a href="/wiki/Pamahalaan_ng_Pilipinas" title="Pamahalaan ng Pilipinas">Konsehong Supremo</a> na itinatag noong Nobyembre 2, 1897 na ang mga kasunod ay mga namumuno ay <a href="/w/index.php?title=Halalang_para_sa_Pagpupulong_ng_Suprema_sa_Pilipinas_noong_1897&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halalang para sa Pagpupulong ng Suprema sa Pilipinas noong 1897 (hindi pa naisusulat)">hinalal</a>: </p><p><sup id="cite_ref-agoncillo1990pp183-184_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agoncillo1990pp183-184-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Panunungkulan</th> <th>Pangalan </th></tr> <tr> <td>Pangulo</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo" title="Emilio Aguinaldo">Emilio Aguinaldo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ikalawang-pangulo</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Tr%C3%ADas" title="Mariano Trías">Mariano Trías</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kalihim ng Banyagang Kapakanan</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Montenegro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio Montenegro (hindi pa naisusulat)">Antonio Montenegro</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kalihim sa Pandirigma</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emiliano_Riego_de_Dios&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emiliano Riego de Dios (hindi pa naisusulat)">Emiliano Riego de Dios</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kalihim sa Panloob</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isabelo_Artacho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isabelo Artacho (hindi pa naisusulat)">Isabelo Artacho</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kalihim sa Pananalapi</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baldomero_Aguinaldo" title="Baldomero Aguinaldo">Baldomero Aguinaldo</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kasaysayan">Kasaysayan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republika_ng_Biak-na-Bato&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Kasaysayan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republika_ng_Biak-na-Bato&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Kasaysayan"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ang naunang kaisipan ng republika ay nagsimula noong huling bahagi ng <a href="/wiki/Himagsikang_Pilipino" title="Himagsikang Pilipino">Himagsikang Pilipino</a> na si <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo" title="Emilio Aguinaldo">Emilio Aguinaldo</a>, pinuno ng <a href="/wiki/Katipunan" title="Katipunan">Katipunan</a>, ay napalibutan at nagsama ng 500 katao at tumuloy sa Biak-na-Bató,<sup id="cite_ref-agoncillo1990p182_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agoncillo1990p182-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> isang masukal na lugar sa tatluhang hangganan ng mga bayan ng <a href="/wiki/San_Miguel,_Bulacan" title="San Miguel, Bulacan">San Miguel</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Ildefonso,_Bulacan" title="San Ildefonso, Bulacan">San Ildefonso</a> at <a href="/wiki/Do%C3%B1a_Remedios_Trinidad,_Bulacan" class="mw-redirect" title="Doña Remedios Trinidad, Bulacan">Doña Remedios</a> sa <a href="/wiki/Bulacan" title="Bulacan">Bulacan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sa balitang pagkadating ni Aguinaldo sa lugar ay umabot ang mga tao ng <a href="/wiki/Ilocos" title="Ilocos">mga lalawigang Ilokos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nueva_Ecija" title="Nueva Ecija">Nueva Ecija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pangasinan" title="Pangasinan">Pangasinan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tarlac" title="Tarlac">Tarlac</a> at <a href="/wiki/Zambales" title="Zambales">Zambales</a> ay nagpabago ng kanilang mga hukbong lakas-pandigma.<sup id="cite_ref-agoncillo1990p182_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agoncillo1990p182-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hindi mapatanggap ang mga maghihimagsik na sumuko sa digmaan, si <a href="/wiki/Gobernador-Heneral" title="Gobernador-Heneral">Gobernador-Heneral</a> <a href="/wiki/Primo_de_Rivera" class="mw-disambig" title="Primo de Rivera">Primo de Rivera</a> ay nagpalabas ng isang utos noong Hulyo 2, 1897 na nagbabawal sa mga naninirahan na huwag umalis sa kanilang mga pamayanan at bayan. Kabaliktaran sa mga hinahangad ng pamahalaang Kastila, nagpatuloy pa rin sa pakikidigma. Sa loob ng ilang araw, sila Aguinaldo at ang kanyang mga tagasunod ay nagtatag ng isang Republika. Nagpahayag si Aguinaldo ng pagpapahayag ng kanyang taguan sa Biak-na-Bato na pinamagatang "Para sa mga Matatapang na Anak ng Pilipinas", na isinulat niya ang kanyang mga panghimagsikang kagustuhan bilang: </p> <ol><li>ang pagpapatanggal ng mga Prayle at ang pagbabalik sa mga Pilipino ang mga lupain na dapat talaga ay para sa kanila;</li> <li>pagkakaroon ng kinatawan sa <a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales">Kastilang Cortes</a>;</li> <li>kalayaan ng mga mamamahayag at pagpapalaganap ng iba't-ibang mga sektang relihiyon;</li> <li>kaparehas na pagturing at pagsuwelso sa mga sibil na aliping mga Peninsular at Insulares;</li> <li>pagtanggal sa kapangyarihan ng pamahalaan sa pagtanggal ng mga mamamayang sibil;</li> <li>legal na pagkakapantay-pantay ng lahat ng katauhan.<sup id="cite_ref-agoncillo1990pp182-183_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agoncillo1990pp182-183-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>Noong Nobyemre 1, 1897, ang <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1897_Constitution_of_Biak-na-Bato_(Philippines)" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1897 Constitution of Biak-na-Bato (Philippines)">itinatadhana na saligang batas para sa Republika ng Biak-na-Bato</a> ay nilagdaan.<sup id="cite_ref-agoncillo1990p183_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agoncillo1990p183-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang panimula ng saligang batas ay naglalaman ng pahayag na ang </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2106284">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Ang pagkakahiwalay ng Pilipinas mula sa monarkiyang Kastila at ang pagkabuo nito sa pagiging isang malayang bansa na may sariling pamhalaan nito ay tinatawag na Republikang Pilipino ay ang dulong minimithi ng Himagsikan sa nagaganap na digmaan na nagsimula noong ika-24 ng Agosto, 1896; at samakatuwid sa pangalan nito at sa kapangyarihan ng Lahing Pilipino ay nagpapahayag ng buong tiwala ang kanilang mga kagustuhan at hangarin, kami, mga kinatawan ng Himagsikan, sa isang pagpupulong sa Biak-na-Bato, Nobyembre Una 1897 ay tumatanggap sa pagpapasabatas ng mga sumusunod na artikulo para sa Saligang Batas ng Estado.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pamana">Pamana</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republika_ng_Biak-na-Bato&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pamana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republika_ng_Biak-na-Bato&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Pamana"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Biak-na-Bato_National_Parkjf6246_03.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Kweba ni Emilio Aguinaldo)"><img alt="Kweba ni Emilio Aguinaldo)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Biak-na-Bato_National_Parkjf6246_03.JPG/120px-Biak-na-Bato_National_Parkjf6246_03.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Biak-na-Bato_National_Parkjf6246_03.JPG/180px-Biak-na-Bato_National_Parkjf6246_03.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Biak-na-Bato_National_Parkjf6246_03.JPG/240px-Biak-na-Bato_National_Parkjf6246_03.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kweba ni Emilio Aguinaldo)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Biak-na-BatoNationalParkjf6178_06.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Ang Pambansang Palatandaan"><img alt="Ang Pambansang Palatandaan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Biak-na-BatoNationalParkjf6178_06.JPG/120px-Biak-na-BatoNationalParkjf6178_06.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Biak-na-BatoNationalParkjf6178_06.JPG/180px-Biak-na-BatoNationalParkjf6178_06.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Biak-na-BatoNationalParkjf6178_06.JPG/240px-Biak-na-BatoNationalParkjf6178_06.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ang Pambansang Palatandaan</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Biak-na-BatoNationalParkjf6178_08.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Aguinaldo Mural - Saligang Batas ng Biak-na-Bato (1897)"><img alt="Aguinaldo Mural - Saligang Batas ng Biak-na-Bato (1897)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Biak-na-BatoNationalParkjf6178_08.JPG/120px-Biak-na-BatoNationalParkjf6178_08.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Biak-na-BatoNationalParkjf6178_08.JPG/180px-Biak-na-BatoNationalParkjf6178_08.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Biak-na-BatoNationalParkjf6178_08.JPG/240px-Biak-na-BatoNationalParkjf6178_08.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Aguinaldo Mural - Saligang Batas ng Biak-na-Bato (1897)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Biak-na-BatoNationalParkjf6178_05.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Harapan ng Dingding - Dambana"><img alt="Harapan ng Dingding - Dambana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Biak-na-BatoNationalParkjf6178_05.JPG/120px-Biak-na-BatoNationalParkjf6178_05.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Biak-na-BatoNationalParkjf6178_05.JPG/180px-Biak-na-BatoNationalParkjf6178_05.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Biak-na-BatoNationalParkjf6178_05.JPG/240px-Biak-na-BatoNationalParkjf6178_05.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Harapan ng Dingding - <a href="/wiki/Dambana" title="Dambana">Dambana</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Biak-na-Bato_National_Parkjf6155_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Bantayog (Aguinaldo/Katipuneros used the Panday for their weapons, arms)"><img alt="Bantayog (Aguinaldo/Katipuneros used the Panday for their weapons, arms)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Biak-na-Bato_National_Parkjf6155_02.JPG/120px-Biak-na-Bato_National_Parkjf6155_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Biak-na-Bato_National_Parkjf6155_02.JPG/180px-Biak-na-Bato_National_Parkjf6155_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Biak-na-Bato_National_Parkjf6155_02.JPG/240px-Biak-na-Bato_National_Parkjf6155_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bantayog (Aguinaldo/Katipuneros used the Panday for their weapons, arms) </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Biak-na-Bato_National_Parkjf6155_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Harapan"><img alt="Harapan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Biak-na-Bato_National_Parkjf6155_01.JPG/120px-Biak-na-Bato_National_Parkjf6155_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Biak-na-Bato_National_Parkjf6155_01.JPG/180px-Biak-na-Bato_National_Parkjf6155_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Biak-na-Bato_National_Parkjf6155_01.JPG/240px-Biak-na-Bato_National_Parkjf6155_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Harapan</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Biak-na-BatoNationalParkjf6143_07.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Ang Harapan ng Monumento, Memorial-Marker of the Pact"><img alt="Ang Harapan ng Monumento, Memorial-Marker of the Pact" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Biak-na-BatoNationalParkjf6143_07.JPG/120px-Biak-na-BatoNationalParkjf6143_07.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Biak-na-BatoNationalParkjf6143_07.JPG/180px-Biak-na-BatoNationalParkjf6143_07.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Biak-na-BatoNationalParkjf6143_07.JPG/240px-Biak-na-BatoNationalParkjf6143_07.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ang Harapan ng Monumento, Memorial-Marker of the Pact </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Biak-na-BatoNationalParkjf6143_05.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Ang Bantayog"><img alt="Ang Bantayog" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Biak-na-BatoNationalParkjf6143_05.JPG/90px-Biak-na-BatoNationalParkjf6143_05.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Biak-na-BatoNationalParkjf6143_05.JPG/135px-Biak-na-BatoNationalParkjf6143_05.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Biak-na-BatoNationalParkjf6143_05.JPG/180px-Biak-na-BatoNationalParkjf6143_05.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ang Bantayog </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Biak-na-BatoNationalParkjf6143_06.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Ang Palatandaan ng NHI, 1973 Bantayog ng Biak-na-Bato"><img alt="Ang Palatandaan ng NHI, 1973 Bantayog ng Biak-na-Bato" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Biak-na-BatoNationalParkjf6143_06.JPG/90px-Biak-na-BatoNationalParkjf6143_06.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Biak-na-BatoNationalParkjf6143_06.JPG/135px-Biak-na-BatoNationalParkjf6143_06.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Biak-na-BatoNationalParkjf6143_06.JPG/180px-Biak-na-BatoNationalParkjf6143_06.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ang Palatandaan ng NHI, 1973 Bantayog ng Biak-na-Bato </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:BiakN6140_03.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Mapa ng Kweba ni Emilio Aguinaldo at mga protektadong pook ng Pambansang Liwasan ng Biak-na-Bato"><img alt="Mapa ng Kweba ni Emilio Aguinaldo at mga protektadong pook ng Pambansang Liwasan ng Biak-na-Bato" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/BiakN6140_03.JPG/120px-BiakN6140_03.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/BiakN6140_03.JPG/180px-BiakN6140_03.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/BiakN6140_03.JPG/240px-BiakN6140_03.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mapa ng Kweba ni Emilio Aguinaldo at mga protektadong pook ng Pambansang Liwasan ng Biak-na-Bato</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_sanggunian">Mga sanggunian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republika_ng_Biak-na-Bato&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga sanggunian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republika_ng_Biak-na-Bato&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Mga sanggunian"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2132731">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFAgoncillo1990" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Teodoro_Agoncillo" title="Teodoro Agoncillo">Agoncillo, Teodoro C.</a> (1990) [1960], <i>History of the Filipino People</i> (ika-8th (na) edisyon), Lungsod Quezon: Garotech Publishing, <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/9718711066" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 971-8711-06-6</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Filipino+People&rft.place=Lungsod+Quezon&rft.edition=8th&rft.pub=Garotech+Publishing&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Agoncillo&rft.aufirst=Teodoro+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARepublika+ng+Biak-na-Bato" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Citation" title="Padron:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFZaide1994" class="citation cs2">Zaide, Sonia M. (1994), <i>The Philippines: A Unique Nation</i>, All-Nations Publishing Co., <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/971-642-071-4" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/971-642-071-4"><bdi>971-642-071-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Philippines%3A+A+Unique+Nation&rft.pub=All-Nations+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=971-642-071-4&rft.aulast=Zaide&rft.aufirst=Sonia+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARepublika+ng+Biak-na-Bato" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Citation" title="Padron:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2121818">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-agoncillo1990pp183-184-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-agoncillo1990pp183-184_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAgoncillo1990">Agoncillo 1990</a>, pp. 183–184</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-agoncillo1990p182-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-agoncillo1990p182_2-0">2.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-agoncillo1990p182_2-1">2.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAgoncillo1990">Agoncillo 1990</a>, p. 182</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsflash.org/2003/05/si/si001770.htm">Biak na Bato</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100109105403/http://www.newsflash.org/2003/05/si/si001770.htm">Naka-arkibo</a> 2010-01-09 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Newsflash.org.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-agoncillo1990pp182-183-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-agoncillo1990pp182-183_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAgoncillo1990">Agoncillo 1990</a>, pp. 182–183</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-agoncillo1990p183-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-agoncillo1990p183_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAgoncillo1990">Agoncillo 1990</a>, p. 183</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://tl.wikisource.org/wiki/1897_Constitution_of_Biak-na-Bato_(Philippines)" class="extiw" title="s:1897 Constitution of Biak-na-Bato (Philippines)">Constitution of Biak-na-Bato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2023235">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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data-file-height="150" /></a></span>   <a href="/wiki/Himagsikang_Pilipino" title="Himagsikang Pilipino">Himagsikang Pilipino</a>   <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Philippines_Aguinaldo_flag_(obverse).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Philippines_Aguinaldo_flag_%28obverse%29.svg/32px-Philippines_Aguinaldo_flag_%28obverse%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Philippines_Aguinaldo_flag_%28obverse%29.svg/48px-Philippines_Aguinaldo_flag_%28obverse%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Philippines_Aguinaldo_flag_%28obverse%29.svg/64px-Philippines_Aguinaldo_flag_%28obverse%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2960" data-file-height="1480" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mga pangyayari</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Pauna</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gomburza" title="Gomburza">Gomburza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_Republic#Bonifacio" class="mw-redirect" title="Tagalog Republic">Katagalugan (Bonifacio)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbensiyon_sa_Tejeros" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumbensiyon sa Tejeros">Kumbensiyon sa Tejeros</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Republika ng Biak-na-Bato</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippine_Supreme_Council_elections,_1897&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippine Supreme Council elections, 1897 (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mga halalan sa Biak-na-Bato</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasundauan_ng_Biak-na-Bato&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kasundauan ng Biak-na-Bato (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kasundauan ng Biak-na-Bato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digmaang_Espanyol-Amerikano" class="mw-redirect" title="Digmaang Espanyol-Amerikano">Digmaang Espanyol-Amerikano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamamahayag_ng_Kalayaan_ng_Pilipinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Pamamahayag ng Kalayaan ng Pilipinas">Pamamahayag ng Kalayaan ng Pilipinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongresong_Malolos" class="mw-redirect" title="Kongresong Malolos">Kongresong Malolos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labanan_sa_Balantang" title="Labanan sa Balantang">Labanan sa Balantang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labanan_sa_Maynila_(1896)" title="Labanan sa Maynila (1896)">Labanan sa Maynila (1896)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labanan_sa_Aliaga" title="Labanan sa Aliaga">Labanan sa Aliaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unang_Republika_ng_Pilipinas" title="Unang Republika ng Pilipinas"><i>República Filipina</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himagsikan_sa_Negros" class="mw-redirect" title="Himagsikan sa Negros">Himagsikan sa Negros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite" class="mw-redirect" title="1872 Pag-aaklas sa Kabite">1872 Pag-aaklas sa Kabite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tratado_ng_Paris_(1898)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tratado ng Paris (1898)">Tratado ng Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digmaang_Pilipino-Amerikano" class="mw-redirect" title="Digmaang Pilipino-Amerikano">Digmaang Pilipino-Amerikano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagkubkob_ng_Baler" title="Pagkubkob ng Baler">Pagkubkob ng Baler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabwatan_ng_Tondo" title="Sabwatan ng Tondo">Sabwatan ng Tondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabwatang_Palmero" title="Sabwatang Palmero">Sabwatang Palmero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_Republic#Sacay" class="mw-redirect" title="Tagalog Republic">Katagalugan (Sacay)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himagsikang_Moro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Himagsikang Moro (hindi pa naisusulat)">Himagsikang Moro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Katapusan</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batas_Jones_(1916)" title="Batas Jones (1916)"><i>Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batas_Tydings-McDuffie" class="mw-redirect" title="Batas Tydings-McDuffie"><i>Philippine Independence Act</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komonwelt_ng_Pilipinas" title="Komonwelt ng Pilipinas">Komonwelt ng Pilipinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tratado_ng_Maynila_(1946)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tratado ng Maynila (1946)">Tratado ng Maynila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilipinas" title="Pilipinas">Republika ng Pilipinas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mga samahan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iglesia_Filipina_Independiente" title="Iglesia Filipina Independiente">Iglesia Filipina Independiente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katipunan" title="Katipunan">Katipunan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Liga_Filipina" title="La Liga Filipina">La Liga Filipina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_solidaridad" class="mw-redirect" title="La solidaridad">La solidaridad</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magdalo_(Pangkat_ng_Katipunan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magdalo (Pangkat ng Katipunan) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pangkat Magdalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdiwang_(Pangkat_ng_Katipunan)" title="Magdiwang (Pangkat ng Katipunan)">Pangkat Magdiwang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukbong_Pamayapa_ng_Pilipinas" title="Hukbong Pamayapa ng Pilipinas">Hukbong Pamayapa ng Pilipinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukbong_Pilipinong_Mapaghimagsik" class="mw-redirect" title="Hukbong Pilipinong Mapaghimagsik">Hukbong Pilipinong Mapaghimagsik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panghimagsikang_Hukbong_Katihan_ng_Pilipinas" title="Panghimagsikang Hukbong Katihan ng Pilipinas">Panghimagsikang Hukbong Katihan ng Pilipinas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mga bagay</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/El_filibusterismo" title="El filibusterismo">El filibusterismo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flags_of_the_Philippine_Revolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flags of the Philippine Revolution (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mga watawat ng Rebolusyong Pilipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartilya_ng_Katipunan" title="Kartilya ng Katipunan">Kartilya ng Katipunan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lupang_Hinirang" title="Lupang Hinirang">Lupang Hinirang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huling_Paalam" title="Huling Paalam"><i>Mi último adiós</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Noli_Me_Tangere" class="mw-redirect" title="Noli Me Tangere">Noli Me Tangere</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watawat_ng_Pilipinas" title="Watawat ng Pilipinas">Watawat ng Pilipinas</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spoliarium" title="Spoliarium">Spoliarium</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Natatanging mamamayan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Novales" title="Andrés Novales">Andrés Novales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Aglipay" title="Gregorio Aglipay">Gregorio Aglipay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldomero_Aguinaldo" title="Baldomero Aguinaldo">Baldomero Aguinaldo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo" title="Emilio Aguinaldo">Emilio Aguinaldo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_%C3%81lvarez" title="Mariano Álvarez">Mariano Álvarez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melchora_Aquino" title="Melchora Aquino">Melchora Aquino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Araneta" title="Juan Araneta">Juan Araneta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Bonifacio" title="Andrés Bonifacio">Andrés Bonifacio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procopio_Bonifacio" title="Procopio Bonifacio">Procopio Bonifacio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ignacio_Paua" title="José Ignacio Paua">José Ignacio Paua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Bracken" title="Josephine Bracken">Josephine Bracken</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dios_Buhawi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dios Buhawi (hindi pa naisusulat)">Dios Buhawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Carre%C3%B3n" title="Francisco Carreón">Francisco Carreón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladislao_Diwa" title="Ladislao Diwa">Ladislao Diwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregoria_de_Jesus" title="Gregoria de Jesus">Gregoria de Jesús</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorio_del_Pilar" title="Gregorio del Pilar">Gregorio del Pilar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_H._del_Pilar" title="Marcelo H. del Pilar">Marcelo H. del Pilar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Dewey" title="George Dewey">George Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papa_Isio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Papa Isio (hindi pa naisusulat)">Papa Isio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Jacinto" title="Emilio Jacinto">Emilio Jacinto</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le%C3%B3n_Kilat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="León Kilat (hindi pa naisusulat)">León Kilat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aniceto_Lacson" title="Aniceto Lacson">Aniceto Lacson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graciano_L%C3%B3pez-Jaena" class="mw-redirect" title="Graciano López-Jaena">Graciano López-Jaena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Lukban" title="Vicente Lukban">Vicente Lukban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Luna" title="Antonio Luna">Antonio Luna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Luna" title="Juan Luna">Juan Luna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apolinario_Mabini" title="Apolinario Mabini">Apolinario Mabini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Malvar" title="Miguel Malvar">Miguel Malvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcadio_Maxilom" title="Arcadio Maxilom">Arcadio Maxilom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricio_Montojo" title="Patricio Montojo">Patricio Montojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sime%C3%B3n_Ola" title="Simeón Ola">Simeón Ola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Palma" class="mw-redirect" title="José Palma">José Palma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Ponce" title="Mariano Ponce">Mariano Ponce</a></li> <li><a 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