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Pag-aaklas sa Kabite ng 1872 - Wikipedia, ang malayang ensiklopedya

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<div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mga nilalaman</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">itago</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Simula</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_sanhi_ng_pag-aalsa_sa_Kabite" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_sanhi_ng_pag-aalsa_sa_Kabite"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Mga sanhi ng pag-aalsa sa Kabite</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mga_sanhi_ng_pag-aalsa_sa_Kabite-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Mga sanhi ng pag-aalsa sa Kabite</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mga_sanhi_ng_pag-aalsa_sa_Kabite-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mga_Salaysay_sa_Espanyol_ng_pag-aalsa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_Salaysay_sa_Espanyol_ng_pag-aalsa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Mga Salaysay sa Espanyol ng pag-aalsa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_Salaysay_sa_Espanyol_ng_pag-aalsa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Salaysay_ni_Jose_Montero_y_Vidal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Salaysay_ni_Jose_Montero_y_Vidal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Salaysay ni Jose Montero y Vidal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Salaysay_ni_Jose_Montero_y_Vidal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Salaysay_ng_Gobernador-Heneral_Rafael_Izquierdo_y_Gutíerrez" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Salaysay_ng_Gobernador-Heneral_Rafael_Izquierdo_y_Gutíerrez"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Salaysay ng Gobernador-Heneral Rafael Izquierdo y Gutíerrez</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Salaysay_ng_Gobernador-Heneral_Rafael_Izquierdo_y_Gutíerrez-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iba_pang_mga_salaysay_ng_pag-aalsa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iba_pang_mga_salaysay_ng_pag-aalsa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Iba pang mga salaysay ng pag-aalsa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iba_pang_mga_salaysay_ng_pag-aalsa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Salaysay_ni_Trinidad_Pardo_de_Tavera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Salaysay_ni_Trinidad_Pardo_de_Tavera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Salaysay ni Trinidad Pardo de Tavera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Salaysay_ni_Trinidad_Pardo_de_Tavera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Salaysay_ni_Edmund_Plauchut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Salaysay_ni_Edmund_Plauchut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Salaysay ni Edmund Plauchut</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Salaysay_ni_Edmund_Plauchut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ang_Pagbitay_ng_Gomburza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ang_Pagbitay_ng_Gomburza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ang Pagbitay ng Gomburza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ang_Pagbitay_ng_Gomburza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Labanan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Labanan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Labanan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Labanan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kasunod" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kasunod"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kasunod</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kasunod-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sa_likod_ng_kwento_ng_Pag-aalsa_ng_Kabite" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sa_likod_ng_kwento_ng_Pag-aalsa_ng_Kabite"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Sa likod ng kwento ng Pag-aalsa ng Kabite</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sa_likod_ng_kwento_ng_Pag-aalsa_ng_Kabite-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tingnan_din" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tingnan_din"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Tingnan din</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tingnan_din-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_sanggunian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_sanggunian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Mga sanggunian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_sanggunian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mga nilalaman" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pag-aaklas sa Kabite ng 1872</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pumunta sa isang artikulo na nakasulat sa ibang wika. Mayroon ito sa 7 (na) wika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-7" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">7 wika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motin_de_Cavite" title="Motin de Cavite – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Motin de Cavite" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1872_Cavite_mutiny" title="1872 Cavite mutiny – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="1872 Cavite mutiny" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mot%C3%ADn_de_Cavite" title="Motín de Cavite – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Motín de Cavite" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammutinamento_di_Cavite" title="Ammutinamento di Cavite – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ammutinamento di Cavite" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1872%EB%85%84_%EC%B9%B4%EB%B9%84%ED%85%8C_%EB%B0%98%EB%9E%80" title="1872년 카비테 반란 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1872년 카비테 반란" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavite-muiterij" title="Cavite-muiterij – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cavite-muiterij" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E7%B1%B3%E5%9C%B0%E8%B5%B7%E4%B9%89" title="甲米地起义 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="甲米地起义" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2496205#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Baguhin ang link sa ibang wika" class="wbc-editpage">baguhin ang mga link</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite_ng_1872" title="Tingnan ang nilalaman [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapan:Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite_ng_1872&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Usapan tungkol sa nilalaman nito (hindi pa naisusulat) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Usapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ibahin ang baryante o variant ng wika" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tagalog</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Mga tingin"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite_ng_1872"><span>Basahin</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite_ng_1872&amp;veaction=edit" title="Baguhin ito [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Baguhin</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite_ng_1872&amp;action=edit" title="Baguhin ang kodigong batayan ng pahinang ito [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Baguhin ang wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon 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class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mga kagamitan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">itago</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 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mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pangkalahatan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Ano_ang_nakakawing_dito/Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite_ng_1872" title="Talaan ng mga pahinang wiking nakaturo rito. [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Mga nakaturo rito</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Nakakawing_ng_kamakailang_pagbabago/Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite_ng_1872" rel="nofollow" title="Mga huling binago sa mga kaugnay na pahina mula sa pahinang ito [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Kaugnay na pagbabago</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=tl" title="Magkarga ng mga larawan o iba pang midya [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Mag-upload ng file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Natatanging_mga_pahina" title="Tala ng mga natatanging pahina [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Natatanging pahina</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite_ng_1872&amp;oldid=2130098" title="Ibigay ang palagiang kawing para sa kasalukuyang bersyon ng pahinang ito"><span>Permanenteng link</span></a></li><li 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">Mula sa Wikipedia, ang malayang ensiklopedya</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Idinirekta mula sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=1872_Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite&amp;redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="1872 Pag-aaklas sa Kabite">1872 Pag-aaklas sa Kabite</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tl" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1951937">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Cavite mutiny</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Bahagi ng the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippine_revolts_against_Spain&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippine revolts against Spain (hindi pa naisusulat)">Philippine revolts against Spain</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Ang_Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite_ng_1872_NHC_marker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Ang_Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite_ng_1872_NHC_marker.jpg/220px-Ang_Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite_ng_1872_NHC_marker.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Ang_Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite_ng_1872_NHC_marker.jpg/330px-Ang_Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite_ng_1872_NHC_marker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Ang_Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite_ng_1872_NHC_marker.jpg/440px-Ang_Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite_ng_1872_NHC_marker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3164" /></a></span><br />Panandang pangkasaysayan na inilagay sa Lungsod ng Kabite noong 1972</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Petsa</th><td>January 20, 1872</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Lookasyon</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_San_Felipe_(Cavite)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fort San Felipe (Cavite) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Fort San Felipe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cavite" class="mw-disambig" title="Cavite">Cavite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_East_Indies" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish East Indies">Spanish East Indies</a> (<a href="/wiki/Philippine_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Islands">Philippine Islands</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Resulta</th><td class="status"> <p>panalo ng Espanya </p> <ul><li>Pagbitay ng <a href="/wiki/Gomburza" title="Gomburza">Gomburza</a></li> <li>Pagpapatapon ng mga liberal na Pilipino sa <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan">Japan</a>, ang <a href="/wiki/Marianas" class="mw-redirect" title="Marianas">Marianas</a> at iba pang lugar.</li> <li>Umpisa ng nasyonalismo ng Pilipinas na nauwi sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippine_Revolution_of_1896&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippine Revolution of 1896 (hindi pa naisusulat)">Philippine Revolution of 1896</a> at sumunod ang <a href="/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine–American War">Philippine–American War</a> (1899–1902).</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Mga nakipagdigma</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Espanya" title="Espanya"><img alt="Espanya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Espanya" title="Espanya"><img alt="Espanya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Captaincy General of the Philippines">Captaincy General of the Philippines</a></li></ul></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Flag_of_the_Cavite_Mutiny.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Flag_of_the_Cavite_Mutiny.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cavite_Mutiny.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Flag_of_the_Cavite_Mutiny.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cavite_Mutiny.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Flag_of_the_Cavite_Mutiny.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cavite_Mutiny.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> Pangkat ng mga Pilipino</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Mga kumander at pinuno</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Espanya" title="Espanya"><img alt="Espanya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> Felipe Ginovés</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Flag_of_the_Cavite_Mutiny.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Flag_of_the_Cavite_Mutiny.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cavite_Mutiny.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Flag_of_the_Cavite_Mutiny.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cavite_Mutiny.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Flag_of_the_Cavite_Mutiny.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cavite_Mutiny.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> Fernando La Madrid</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Lakas</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> isang rehimyento, apat na kanyon</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Humigit kumulang 200 sundalo at manggagawa</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Ang <b>pag-aalsa ng Kabite</b> (<a href="/wiki/Wikang_Kastila" title="Wikang Kastila">Kastila</a>: <i lang="es">El Mótin de Cavite</i>) noong 1872 ay isang pag-aalsa ng mga Pilipinong tauhan ng militar ng <a href="/wiki/Moog_ng_San_Felipe_(Kabite)" title="Moog ng San Felipe (Kabite)">Fort San Felipe</a>, ang arsenal ng Espanyol sa <a href="/wiki/Kabite" title="Kabite">Kabite</a>, <sup id="cite_ref-Foreman_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foreman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#160;: 107 <a href="/wiki/Pilipinas" title="Pilipinas">Philippine Islands</a> (kilala rin noon bilang bahagi ng <a href="/wiki/Silangang_Indiyas_ng_Espanya" title="Silangang Indiyas ng Espanya">Silangang Indiyas ng Espanya</a> ) noong 20 Enero 1872. Humigit-kumulang 200 lokal na bagong kaanib na kolonyal na tropa at manggagawa ang bumangon sa paniniwalang ito ay mag-aangat sa isang pambansang pag-aalsa. Hindi nagtagumpay ang pag-aalsa, at pinatay ng mga sundalo ng gobyerno ang marami sa mga kalahok at sinimulang sugpuin ang umuusbong na kilusang nasyonalista sa <a href="/wiki/Pilipinas" title="Pilipinas">Pilipinas</a>. Maraming iskolar ang naniniwala na ang Pag-aalsa ng Kabite noong 1872 ang simula ng nasyonalismong Pilipino na kalaunan ay humantong sa <a href="/wiki/Himagsikang_Pilipino" title="Himagsikang Pilipino">Rebolusyong Pilipino noong 1896</a> . </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_sanhi_ng_pag-aalsa_sa_Kabite">Mga sanhi ng pag-aalsa sa Kabite</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite_ng_1872&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga sanhi ng pag-aalsa sa Kabite" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite_ng_1872&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Mga sanhi ng pag-aalsa sa Kabite"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ang mga sanhi ng Pag-aalsa ng Kabite ay matutukoy sa pamamagitan ng pagsusuri sa iba't ibang salaysay sa makasaysayang pangyayaring ito. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mga_Salaysay_sa_Espanyol_ng_pag-aalsa">Mga Salaysay sa Espanyol ng pag-aalsa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite_ng_1872&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga Salaysay sa Espanyol ng pag-aalsa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite_ng_1872&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Mga Salaysay sa Espanyol ng pag-aalsa"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Si Jose Montero y Vidal ay isang Espanyol na Historiyador, na nagpaliwanag na ang pag-aalsa ay isang pagtatangka na alisin at ibagsak ang mga Espanyol na Kolonisador sa Pilipinas. Sa kanyang salaysay, pinatunayan ng salaysay ni Gobernador - Heneral Rafael Izquidero y Gutierrez, ang gobernador-heneral ng mga Isla ng Pilipinas noong panahon ng pag-aalsa. Binanggit nila na ang pag-aalsa ay pinalakas ng isang grupo ng mga katutubong klero. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Salaysay_ni_Jose_Montero_y_Vidal">Salaysay ni Jose Montero y Vidal</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite_ng_1872&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Salaysay ni Jose Montero y Vidal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite_ng_1872&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Salaysay ni Jose Montero y Vidal"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ang pag-aalsa ng Kabite ay isang layunin ng mga katutubo na tanggalin ang pamahalaang Espanyol sa Pilipinas, dahil sa pagtanggal ng mga pribilehiyong tinatamasa ng mga manggagawa sa arsenal ng Kabite tulad ng makalibre sa pagpupugay at puwersahang pagtatrabaho. Ang mga aklat at polyeto ng mga demokratiko at republikano, ang mga talumpati at pangangaral ng mga apostol ng mga bagong ideyang ito sa Espanya at ang pagsabog ng mga Amerikanong tagapagpahayag at ang malupit na mga patakaran ng insensitibong gobernador na ipinadala ng naghaharing pamahalaan upang pamahalaan ang bansa. Isinasagawa ng mga Pilipino ang mga ideyang ito kung saan ang mga nangyayaring kundisyon na nagbunga ng ideya ng pagkamit ng kanilang kalayaan. <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Salaysay_ng_Gobernador-Heneral_Rafael_Izquierdo_y_Gutíerrez"><span id="Salaysay_ng_Gobernador-Heneral_Rafael_Izquierdo_y_Gut.C3.ADerrez"></span>Salaysay ng Gobernador-Heneral <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Izquierdo_y_Gut%C3%ADerrez" class="mw-redirect" title="Rafael Izquierdo y Gutíerrez">Rafael Izquierdo y Gutíerrez</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite_ng_1872&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Salaysay ng Gobernador-Heneral Rafael Izquierdo y Gutíerrez" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite_ng_1872&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Salaysay ng Gobernador-Heneral Rafael Izquierdo y Gutíerrez"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Iginiit niya na ang pag-aalsa ay pinasigla at inihanda ng mga katutubong klero, mestizo at abogado bilang hudyat ng pagtutol laban sa mga kawalang-katarungan ng gobyerno tulad ng hindi pagbabayad sa mga probinsya para sa mga pananim na tabako, pagbibigay pugay at pagbibigay ng sapilitang paggawa. Hindi malinaw na natukoy kung ang mga Indio ay nagplano na magpasinaya ng isang monarkiya o isang republika dahil wala silang salita sa kanilang sariling wika upang ilarawan ang iba't ibang anyo ng pamahalaan, na ang pinuno sa Filipino ay tatawaging "hari". Gayunpaman, lumalabas na maglalagay sila sa kataas-taasang pamahalaan ng isang pari, na ang mapipiling pinuno ay si Jose Burgos o Jacinto Zamora na siyang plano ng mga rebeldeng gumabay sa kanila, at ang mga paraan na kanilang inasahan sa pagsasakatuparan nito. <sup id="cite_ref-Two_Faces_of_the_1872_Cavite_Mutiny_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Two_Faces_of_the_1872_Cavite_Mutiny-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iba_pang_mga_salaysay_ng_pag-aalsa">Iba pang mga salaysay ng pag-aalsa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite_ng_1872&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Iba pang mga salaysay ng pag-aalsa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite_ng_1872&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Iba pang mga salaysay ng pag-aalsa"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Salaysay_ni_Trinidad_Pardo_de_Tavera">Salaysay ni Trinidad Pardo de Tavera</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite_ng_1872&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Salaysay ni Trinidad Pardo de Tavera" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite_ng_1872&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Salaysay ni Trinidad Pardo de Tavera"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ang kaganapan ay isang simpleng pag-aalsa lamang dahil hanggang sa panahong iyon ang mga Pilipino ay walang intensyon na humiwalay sa Espanya ngunit tanging mga materyales at pagsulong sa edukasyon lamang sa bansa. Gayunpaman, ang pag-aalsa ay ginamit sa isang malakas na antas. Gayundin, sa panahong ito, pinagkaitan ng sentral na pamahalaan ang mga prayle ng kapangyarihang makibahagi sa pamahalaang sibil at sa pamamahala at paghawak sa mga unibersidad. Nagresulta ito sa pagkatakot ng mga prayle na ang kanilang pagkilos sa Pilipinas ay maging isang bagay na lamang ng nakaraan, sinamantala ang pag-aalsa at iniulat ito sa pamahalaang Espanyol bilang isang malawak na sabwatan na inorganisa sa buong kapuluan na may layuning alisin ang soberanya ng Espanya. Ang gobyerno ng Madrid nang walang anumang pagtatangkang imbestigahan ang tunay na mga katotohanan o lawak ng diumano'y rebolusyon na iniulat ni Izquierdo at ang mga prayle ay naniniwala na ang lahat ay may katotohanan. <sup id="cite_ref-Two_Faces_of_the_1872_Cavite_Mutiny_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Two_Faces_of_the_1872_Cavite_Mutiny-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Salaysay_ni_Edmund_Plauchut">Salaysay ni Edmund Plauchut</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite_ng_1872&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Salaysay ni Edmund Plauchut" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite_ng_1872&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Salaysay ni Edmund Plauchut"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tinunton niya ang kagyat na dahilan sa isang utos ng gobernador, si Izquierdo, na humihingi ng mga personal na buwis mula sa mga manggagawang Pilipino sa inhinyerha at artileryang pulutong sa arsenal ng Kabite, at nag-aatas sa kanila na magsagawa ng sapilitang paggawa tulad ng mga ordinaryong sakop. Hanggang noon, ang mga manggagawang ito sa arsenal ay nagtatamasa ng mga pagka-libre mula sa parehong mga buwis at sapilitang paggawa. Noong Enero 20, ang araw ng pag-aalsa, ay araw ng suweldo at nakita ng mga manggagawa ang halaga ng buwis gayundin ang kaukulang bayad bilang kapalit ng sapilitang paggawa na ibinawas sa kanilang mga sobre sa suweldo. Iyon ang huling pagtitiis. Nang gabing iyon ay naghimagsik sila. Apatnapung sundalong impanterya at dalawampung lalaki mula sa artilerya ang pumalit sa pamamahala ng muog ng San Felipe at nagpaputok ng mga kanyon upang ipahayag sa mundo ang kanilang sandali ng tagumpay. Ito ay isang panandaliang tagumpay lamang. Tila, inaasahan ng mga nag-alsa na makakasama ang kanilang mga kasama sa <i>7th infantry</i> <i>company</i> na nakatalagang magpatrolya sa plaza ng Kabite. Natakot sila, gayunpaman, nang sumenyas sila sa sa mga tauhan ng 7th infantry mula sa <a href="/wiki/Portipikasyon" title="Portipikasyon">kuta</a> at ang kanilang mga kasamahan ay hindi gumawa ng anumang hakbang upang sumama sa kanila. Sa halip, sinimulan silang salakayin ng kumpanya. Nagpasya ang mga rebelde na isara ang mga tarangkahan at maghintay ng umaga kung kailan inaasahang darating ang suporta mula sa Maynila. Nagbigay siya ng isang walang kabuluhang ulat tungkol dito at ang mga sanhi nito sa isang artikulo na inilathala sa <i>Revue des Deux Mondes</i> noong 1877. Tinunton niya na ang pangunahing sanhi ng pag-aalsa ay pinaniniwalaang "isang utos mula kay Gobernador-Heneral Carlos na isailalim ang mga sundalo ng Inhinyerya at artileryang tropa sa mga personal na buwis, kung saan sila ay dati nang walang bayad. Ang mga buwis ay nangangailangan na sila ay magbayad ng isang halaga ng pera gayundin na magsagawa ng <a href="/wiki/Sapilitang_trabaho" title="Sapilitang trabaho">sapilitang paggawa na</a> tinatawag na, <i>polo y servicio</i> . Nagsimula ang pag-aalsa noong Enero 20, 1872 nang matanggap ng mga manggagawa ang kanilang suweldo at napagtanto na ang mga buwis pati na rin ang <i>falla</i>, ang multa na binayaran para ma-libre sa sapilitang paggawa, ay ibinawas sa kanilang mga suweldo. </p><p>Ang iba't ibang ulat sa pag-aalsa sa Kabite ay nagbigay-diin din sa iba pang posibleng dahilan ng "rebolusyon" na kinabibilangan ng Rebolusyong Espanyol na nagpabagsak sa sekular na trono, maruruming propaganda na pinalaganap ng walang pigil na pamamahayag, mga aklat at polyeto ng demokratiko, liberal at republikano na nakarating sa Pilipinas, at higit sa lahat, ang presensya ng mga katutubong kaparian na dahil sa galit sa mga prayleng Espanyol, "nakipagsabwatan at sumuporta" sa mga rebelde at kaaway ng Espanya. </p><p>Bilang karagdagan, ang mga ulat ng pag-aalsa ay nagpapahiwatig na ang Rebolusyong Espanyol sa Espanya noong panahong iyon ay nagdagdag ng higit na determinasyon sa mga katutubo na ibagsak ang kasalukuyang kolonyal na pamahalaang Espanyol. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ang_Pagbitay_ng_Gomburza">Ang Pagbitay ng Gomburza</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite_ng_1872&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Ang Pagbitay ng Gomburza" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite_ng_1872&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Ang Pagbitay ng Gomburza"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Noong Pebrero 15, 1872, hinatulan ng kolonyal na awtoridad ng Espanya ang tatlong martir na sina <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Burgos" title="José Burgos">José Burgos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mariano_G%C3%B3mez" title="Mariano Gómez">Mariano Gómez</a> at <a href="/wiki/Jacinto_Zamora" title="Jacinto Zamora">Jacinto Zamora</a> ng kamatayan sa pamamagitan ng garrote sa Bagumbayan, Pilipinas at kinasuhan ng pagtataksil at sedisyon, at <i>subversion</i>. Dalawang araw pagkatapos ng kanilang hatol, sila ay pinatay. Ang mga kaso laban kina Padre Gomez, Burgos at Zamora ay umano'y kasabwat nila sa pag-aalsa ng mga manggagawa sa bakurang pangdagat ng Kabite. Pinaniniwalaan ni Gobernador Rafael Izquierdo na gagawa ng sariling pamahalaan ang mga Pilipino at diumano, hinirang ang tatlong pari bilang pinuno ng planong pamahalaan upang makalaya sa pamahalaang Espanyol. </p><p>Ang pagkamatay ni <a href="/wiki/Gomburza" title="Gomburza">Gomburza</a> ay gumising sa matinding galit at hinanakit ng mga Pilipino. Sinisi nila ang mga awtoridad ng Espanya at humiling ng mga reporma dahil sa masasamang pamamahala ng mga Awtoridad ng Espanya. Ang pagiging martir ng tatlong pari, balintuna, ay tumulong sa paglikha ng <a href="/wiki/Kilusang_Propaganda" title="Kilusang Propaganda">Kilusang Propaganda</a> na naglalayong maghanap ng mga reporma at ipaalam sa mga Espanyol ang mga pang-aabuso ng mga kolonyal na awtoridad nito sa mga Isla ng Pilipinas. </p><p>Bukod sa pagbitay sa Gomburza, noong Enero 28, 1872, hinatulan ng hukuman ng militar ng kamatayan ang 41 na nag-alsa. Gayunpaman, ng mga sumunod na araw ay pinatawad ni Gobernador Rafael Izquierdo ang 28 nag-alsa at ang iba ay nakumpirmang nasentensiyahan. Noong Pebrero 6, 1872, 11 mga nag-alsa ang hinatulan ng kamatayan ngunit binago ni Gobernador Izquierdo ang kanilang mga sentensiya ng kamatayan sa habambuhay na pagkakakulong. Kasama ng pagbitay ng garrotte sa tatlong martir ay sina Enrique Paraiso, Maximo Innocencio at Crisanto Delos Reyes ay pinatawan ng sampung taong pagkakakulong. </p><p>Higit pa rito, may mga taong sinentensiyahan ng hukuman ng militar ng Espanya upang ipatapon sila sa Marianas (ngayon ay Guam): Fr. Pedro Dandan, Fr. Mariano Sevilla, Toribio H. del Pilar (kapatid ni <a href="/wiki/Marcelo_H._del_Pilar" title="Marcelo H. del Pilar">Marcelo H. del Pilar</a> ), Agustin Mendoza, Jose Guevara, Miguel Lasa, Justo Guazon, Fr. Aniceto Desiderio, Fr. Vicente del Rosario, Joaquin Pardo de Tavera, Antonio Ma. Regidor, Jose Basa y Enriquez, Mauricio de Leon, Pedro Carillo, Gervasio Sanchez, Jose Ma. Basa, Pio Basa, Balvino Mauricio, Maximo Paterno (ama ni Pedro Paterno), at Valentin Tosca. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Labanan">Labanan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite_ng_1872&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Labanan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite_ng_1872&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Labanan"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ang kanilang pinuno ay si Fernando La Madrid, isang mestisong sarhento kasama ang kanyang pangalawang pinuno na si Jaerel Brent Senior, isang <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/moreno" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:moreno">moreno</a> . Inagaw nila ang kuta ng San Felipe at pinatay ang labing-isang opisyal na Espanyol. Inakala ng mga nag-alsa na ang mga kapwa Pilipinong katutubong sundalo sa <a href="/wiki/Maynila" title="Maynila">Maynila</a> ay sasama sa kanila sa isang sama-samang pag-aalsa, ang hudyat ay ang pagpapaputok ng mga kuwitis mula sa mga pader ng lungsod noong gabing iyon. <sup id="cite_ref-Foreman_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foreman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sa kasamaang palad, ang inakala nilang hudyat ay talagang isang pagsabog ng paputok sa pagdiriwang ng kapistahan ng <a href="/wiki/Basilica_della_Santa_Casa" title="Basilica della Santa Casa">Basilica della Santa Casa</a>, ang patron ng <a href="/wiki/Sampaloc,_Maynila" title="Sampaloc, Maynila">Sampaloc</a> . Ang plano ay sunugin ang Tondo upang makagambala sa mga awtoridad habang ang <i>artillery regiment</i> at <i>infantry</i> sa Maynila ay maaaring kontrolin ang kuta Santiago at gumamit ng mga putok ng kanyon bilang hudyat sa Kabite. Lahat ng Kastila ay dapat patayin, maliban sa mga babae. Ang balita ng pag-aalsa ay nakarating sa Maynila, diumano'y sa pamamagitan ng kalaguyo ng isang Espanyol na sarhento, na pagkatapos ay ipinaalam sa kanyang mga nakatataas, at ang mga awtoridad na Espanyol ay nangamba sa isang malawakang pag-aalsa ng mga Pilipino. Kinabukasan, kinubkob ng isang regimentong pinamumunuan ni Heneral Felipe Ginovés ang kuta hanggang sa sumuko ang mga nag-alsa. Pagkatapos ay inutusan ni Ginovés ang kanyang mga tropa na paputukan ang mga sumuko, kabilang ang La Madrid. Nabuo ang mga rebelde sa isang linya, nang tanungin ni Koronel Sabas kung sino ang hindi sisigaw ng, " <i>Viva España</i> ", at binaril ang isang taong humakbang pasulong. <sup id="cite_ref-Foreman_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foreman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>  Ang iba ay nakulong. <sup id="cite_ref-Foreman_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foreman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>   </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kasunod">Kasunod</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite_ng_1872&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Kasunod" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite_ng_1872&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Kasunod"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sa agarang resulta ng pag-aalsa, ang ilang mga sundalong Pilipino ay dinisarmahan at kalaunan ay ipinatapon sa katimugang isla ng <a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a> . Ang mga pinaghihinalaang direktang sumusuporta sa mga nag-alsa ay inaresto at pinatay. Ang pag-aalsa ay ginamit ng kolonyal na pamahalaan at mga prayleng Espanyol upang isangkot ang tatlong sekular na pari, sina <a href="/wiki/Mariano_G%C3%B3mez" title="Mariano Gómez">Mariano Gómez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Burgos" title="José Burgos">José Burgos</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Jacinto_Zamora" title="Jacinto Zamora">Jacinto Zamora</a>, na pinagsama-samang kilala bilang <a href="/wiki/Gomburza" title="Gomburza">Gomburza</a> . Sila ay pinatay sa pamamagitan ng <a href="/wiki/Garote" title="Garote">garote</a> sa <i>Luneta</i>, na kilala rin sa <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Tagalog" title="Wikang Tagalog">Tagalog</a> bilang <i>Bagumbayan</i>, noong Pebrero 17, 1872. <sup id="cite_ref-Foreman_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foreman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>Ang mga pagbitay na ito, lalo na ang sa Gomburza, ay nagkaroon ng malaking epekto sa mga tao dahil sa malabong katangian ng paglilitis. Si <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Rizal" title="José Rizal">José Rizal</a>, na ang kapatid na si <a href="/wiki/Paciano_Rizal" title="Paciano Rizal">Paciano</a> ay malapit na kaibigan ni Burgos, ay inialay ang kanyang gawain, <i><a href="/wiki/El_filibusterismo" title="El filibusterismo">El filibusterismo</a></i>, sa tatlong pari na ito. </p><p>Noong Enero 27, 1872, inaprubahan ni Gobernador-Heneral Rafael Izquierdo ang mga <a href="/wiki/Parusang_kamatayan" title="Parusang kamatayan">sentensiya ng kamatayan</a> sa apatnapu't isa sa mga nag-alsa. Noong Pebrero 6, labing-isa pa ang hinatulan ng kamatayan, ngunit kalaunan ay binago ang mga ito sa habambuhay na pagkakakulong . Ang iba ay ipinatapon sa ibang mga isla ng kolonyal na <a href="/wiki/Silangang_Indiyas_ng_Espanya" title="Silangang Indiyas ng Espanya">Silangang Indiyas ng Espanya</a> tulad ng <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kapuluang_Mariana" title="Kapuluang Mariana">Kapuluang Mariana</a>, kabilang sina Joaquin Pardo de Tavera, Antonio M. Regidor y Jurado, Pio Basa, at José María Basa. <sup id="cite_ref-Foreman_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foreman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <small><sup>: 107–108</sup></small> Ang pinaka-mahalagang grupong lumikha ng isang kolonya ng mga <i>expatriates</i> na Pilipino sa <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>, lalo na sa kabisera ng <a href="/wiki/Espanya" title="Espanya">Espanya</a> na <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> at <a href="/wiki/Lungsod_ng_Barcelona" title="Lungsod ng Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, kung saan sila ay magagawang lumikha ng mga maliliit na samahan at mag-limbag ng mga publikasyon upang mag-tulak sa mga pag-angkin ng pagtatanim ng <a href="/wiki/Himagsikang_Pilipino" title="Himagsikang Pilipino">Himagsikang Pilipino</a> . </p><p>Sa huli, isang kautusan ang ginawa, na nagsasaad na wala nang karagdagang ordinasyon/paghirang ng mga Pilipino bilang mga kura paroko ng <a href="/wiki/Simbahang_Katolikong_Romano" title="Simbahang Katolikong Romano">Romano Katoliko.</a> <sup id="cite_ref-Foreman_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foreman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <sup>: 107</sup> Sa kabila ng pag-aalsa, nagpatuloy ang mga awtoridad ng Espanya sa paggamit ng malaking bilang ng mga katutubong Pilipinong tropa, carabinero at guwardiya sibil sa kanilang mga kolonyal na pwersa sa pamamagitan ng 1870s–1890s hanggang sa <a href="/wiki/Digmaang_Espanyol%E2%80%93Amerikano" title="Digmaang Espanyol–Amerikano">Digmaang Espanyol–Amerikano</a> ng 1898. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sa_likod_ng_kwento_ng_Pag-aalsa_ng_Kabite">Sa likod ng kwento ng Pag-aalsa ng Kabite</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite_ng_1872&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Sa likod ng kwento ng Pag-aalsa ng Kabite" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite_ng_1872&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Sa likod ng kwento ng Pag-aalsa ng Kabite"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sa panahon ng maikling paglilitis, ang nahuli na mga nag-alsa ay nagpatotoo laban kay José Burgos. Ang saksi ng estado, si Francisco Zaldua, ay nagpahayag na siya ay sinabihan ng isa sa mga kapatid na Basa na ang <i>pamahalaan ni Padre Burgos ay</i> magdadala ng isang armada ng <a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">hukbong-dagat ng Estados Unidos</a> upang tumulong sa isang rebolusyon kung saan si Ramón Maurente, ang diumano'y punong heneral, ay nagpopondo ng may 50,000 piso. Ang mga pinuno ng mga orden ng prayle ay nagsagawa ng isang kumperensya at nagpasya na alisin si Burgos sa pamamagitan ng pagdadala sa kanya sa isang pakana. Isang prayleng Pransiskano ang nagkunwaring Burgos at nagmungkahi ng pag-aalsa sa mga naghihimagsik. Ang mga nakatatandang prayle ay gumamit ng <i>una fuerte suma de dinero</i> o isang piging upang kumbinsihin si Gobernador-Heneral Rafael Izquierdo na si Burgos ang utak ng kudeta. Sina Gómez at Zamora ay malapit na kasama ni Burgos, kaya sila rin ay kasama sa mga paratang. Gayundin, si Francisco Zaldua ang naging pangunahing tagapagbalita laban sa tatlong pari. Ang kanyang pahayag ay naging pangunahing batayan para sa mga paghatol at siya ay pinangakuan ng kapatawaran kapalit ng kanyang testimonya, gayunpaman, siya ay hinatulan kasama ng tatlo. Siya ang unang pinatay sa kanila noong Pebrero 17, 1872. </p><p>Ipinahayag ng Pamahalaang Sentral ng Madrid na nais nilang alisin sa mga prayle ang lahat ng kapangyarihan ng interbensyon sa mga usapin ng pamahalaang sibil at direksyon at pamamahala ng mga institusyong pang-edukasyon. Nangangamba ang mga prayle na ang kanilang pangingibabaw sa bansa ay maging isang bagay sa nakaraan, at kailangan nila ng isang bagay upang bigyang-katwiran ang kanilang pagpapatuloy, na ang pag-aalsa ay nagbibigay ng gayong pagkakataon. Gayunpaman, ang Institusyong Pilipino ay ipinakilala ng pamahalaang Espanyol bilang isang atas na pang-edukasyon na nagsasama-sama ng mga paaralang sekta na minsang pinamamahalaan ng mga prayle. Ang kautusang ito ay naglalayon na mapabuti ang pamantayan ng edukasyon sa Pilipinas sa pamamagitan ng pag-aatas sa mga posisyon sa pagtuturo sa mga paaralang ito na punan ng mapagkumpitensyang pagsusulit, isang mahalagang hakbang na tinatanggap ng karamihan sa mga Pilipino. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tingnan_din">Tingnan din</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite_ng_1872&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Tingnan din" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite_ng_1872&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Tingnan din"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Pag-aalsa ng Pilipinas laban sa Espanya</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moog_ng_San_Felipe_(Kabite)" title="Moog ng San Felipe (Kabite)">Fort San Felipe (Kabite)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pag-aaklas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pag-aaklas (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pag-aaklas</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_sanggunian">Mga sanggunian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite_ng_1872&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga sanggunian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite_ng_1872&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Mga sanggunian"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2121818">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Foreman-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Foreman_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Foreman_1-1">1.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Foreman_1-2">1.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Foreman_1-3">1.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Foreman_1-4">1.4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Foreman_1-5">1.5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Foreman_1-6">1.6</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Foreman, J., 1906, The set course for her patrol area off the northeastern coast of the main Japanese island <a href="/wiki/Honsh%C5%AB" title="Honshū">Honshū</a>. She arrived, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2132731">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211124105729/https://nhcp.gov.ph/the-two-faces-of-the-1872-cavite-mutiny/">"The Two Faces of the 1872 Cavite Mutiny"</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nhcp.gov.ph/the-two-faces-of-the-1872-cavite-mutiny/">orihinal</a> noong 2021-11-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2021-11-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Two+Faces+of+the+1872+Cavite+Mutiny&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnhcp.gov.ph%2Fthe-two-faces-of-the-1872-cavite-mutiny%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3APag-aaklas+sa+Kabite+ng+1872" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Two_Faces_of_the_1872_Cavite_Mutiny-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Two_Faces_of_the_1872_Cavite_Mutiny_3-0">3.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Two_Faces_of_the_1872_Cavite_Mutiny_3-1">3.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nhcp.gov.ph/the-two-faces-of-the-1872-cavite-mutiny/The">Two Faces of the 1872 Cavite Mutiny</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="Mukhang patay ang naunang link&#160;since Oktubre 2022" style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Dead_external_links" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Dead external links">patay na link</a>&#93;</span></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2023235">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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class="navbox" aria-labelledby="29px_Himagsikang_Pilipino_32px" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1843287">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output 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typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Philippine_revolution_flag_kkk1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Philippine_revolution_flag_kkk1.svg/29px-Philippine_revolution_flag_kkk1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Philippine_revolution_flag_kkk1.svg/44px-Philippine_revolution_flag_kkk1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Philippine_revolution_flag_kkk1.svg/58px-Philippine_revolution_flag_kkk1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> &#160; <a href="/wiki/Himagsikang_Pilipino" title="Himagsikang Pilipino">Himagsikang Pilipino</a> &#160; <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Philippines_Aguinaldo_flag_(obverse).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img 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style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Pauna</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gomburza" title="Gomburza">Gomburza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_Republic#Bonifacio" class="mw-redirect" title="Tagalog Republic">Katagalugan (Bonifacio)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbensiyon_sa_Tejeros" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumbensiyon sa Tejeros">Kumbensiyon sa Tejeros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republika_ng_Biak-na-Bato" title="Republika ng Biak-na-Bato">Republika ng Biak-na-Bato</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippine_Supreme_Council_elections,_1897&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippine Supreme Council elections, 1897 (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mga halalan sa Biak-na-Bato</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasundauan_ng_Biak-na-Bato&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kasundauan ng Biak-na-Bato (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kasundauan ng Biak-na-Bato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digmaang_Espanyol-Amerikano" class="mw-redirect" title="Digmaang Espanyol-Amerikano">Digmaang Espanyol-Amerikano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamamahayag_ng_Kalayaan_ng_Pilipinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Pamamahayag ng Kalayaan ng Pilipinas">Pamamahayag ng Kalayaan ng Pilipinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongresong_Malolos" class="mw-redirect" title="Kongresong Malolos">Kongresong Malolos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labanan_sa_Balantang" title="Labanan sa Balantang">Labanan sa Balantang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labanan_sa_Maynila_(1896)" title="Labanan sa Maynila (1896)">Labanan sa Maynila (1896)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labanan_sa_Aliaga" title="Labanan sa Aliaga">Labanan sa Aliaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unang_Republika_ng_Pilipinas" title="Unang Republika ng Pilipinas"><i>República Filipina</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himagsikan_sa_Negros" class="mw-redirect" title="Himagsikan sa Negros">Himagsikan sa Negros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Pag-aaklas_sa_Kabite" class="mw-redirect" title="1872 Pag-aaklas sa Kabite">1872 Pag-aaklas sa Kabite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tratado_ng_Paris_(1898)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tratado ng Paris (1898)">Tratado ng Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digmaang_Pilipino-Amerikano" class="mw-redirect" title="Digmaang Pilipino-Amerikano">Digmaang Pilipino-Amerikano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagkubkob_ng_Baler" title="Pagkubkob ng Baler">Pagkubkob ng Baler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabwatan_ng_Tondo" title="Sabwatan ng Tondo">Sabwatan ng Tondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabwatang_Palmero" title="Sabwatang Palmero">Sabwatang Palmero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_Republic#Sacay" class="mw-redirect" title="Tagalog Republic">Katagalugan (Sacay)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himagsikang_Moro&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Himagsikang Moro (hindi pa naisusulat)">Himagsikang Moro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Katapusan</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batas_Jones_(1916)" title="Batas Jones (1916)"><i>Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batas_Tydings-McDuffie" class="mw-redirect" title="Batas Tydings-McDuffie"><i>Philippine Independence Act</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komonwelt_ng_Pilipinas" title="Komonwelt ng Pilipinas">Komonwelt ng Pilipinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tratado_ng_Maynila_(1946)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tratado ng Maynila (1946)">Tratado ng Maynila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilipinas" title="Pilipinas">Republika ng Pilipinas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mga samahan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list 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