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</a> <ul id="toc-Origin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subdivisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subdivisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Subdivisions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Subdivisions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Subdivisions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Subdivisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ale_Magars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ale_Magars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Ale Magars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ale_Magars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Budhathoki_/_Budha_Magars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Budhathoki_/_Budha_Magars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Budhathoki / Budha Magars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Budhathoki_/_Budha_Magars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chitorey/Chitaurey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chitorey/Chitaurey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Chitorey/Chitaurey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chitorey/Chitaurey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gharti_Magars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gharti_Magars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Gharti Magars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gharti_Magars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pun_Magars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pun_Magars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Pun Magars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pun_Magars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rana_Magars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rana_Magars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Rana Magars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rana_Magars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roka_Magars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roka_Magars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Roka Magars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roka_Magars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thapa_Magars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thapa_Magars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Thapa Magars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thapa_Magars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language_and_script" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language_and_script"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Language and script</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language_and_script-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dress_and_ornaments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dress_and_ornaments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Dress and ornaments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dress_and_ornaments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Festivals</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Festivals subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Maghe_Sankranti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maghe_Sankranti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Maghe Sankranti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maghe_Sankranti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bhume_Puja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bhume_Puja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Bhume Puja</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bhume_Puja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_Major_Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_Major_Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Other Major Festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_Major_Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Folk_songs_and_dances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Folk_songs_and_dances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Folk songs and dances</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Folk_songs_and_dances-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Folk songs and dances subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Folk_songs_and_dances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sorathi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sorathi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Sorathi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sorathi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kaura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Kaura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hurra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hurra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Hurra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hurra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bhume_Naach" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bhume_Naach"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Bhume Naach</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bhume_Naach-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Salaijo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Salaijo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5</span> <span>Salaijo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Salaijo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yanimaya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yanimaya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.6</span> <span>Yanimaya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yanimaya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_Folk-Songs_and_Dances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_Folk-Songs_and_Dances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.7</span> <span>Other Folk-Songs and Dances</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_Folk-Songs_and_Dances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Occupations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Occupations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Occupations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Occupations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Military service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_Magars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_Magars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notable Magars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_Magars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> 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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Magars</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="الماغار – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الماغار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Магары – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Магары" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magar" title="Magar – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Magar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magarov%C3%A9" title="Magarové – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Magarové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magar_(Ethnie)" title="Magar (Ethnie) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Magar (Ethnie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblo_magar" title="Pueblo magar – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pueblo magar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="मगर जाति – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मगर जाति" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magar" title="Magar – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Magar" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Магарлар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Магарлар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magarai" title="Magarai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Magarai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="मगर जाति – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मगर जाति" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="マガール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マガール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magar" title="Magar – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Magar" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magarowie" title="Magarowie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Magarowie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Магары – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Магары" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="மகர் மக்கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மகர் மக்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Магарлар – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Магарлар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%98%89%E6%97%8F" title="马嘉族 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="马嘉族" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2605658#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group in Nepal and India</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Magyars" class="mw-redirect" title="Magyars">Magyars</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Magars</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Magar_Cultural_Dress.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Magar_Cultural_Dress.jpg/220px-Magar_Cultural_Dress.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Magar_Cultural_Dress.jpg/330px-Magar_Cultural_Dress.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Magar_Cultural_Dress.jpg/440px-Magar_Cultural_Dress.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Magars in traditional dress</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">2,309,498</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Nepal"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></span></span>   </span><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">2,013,498 (6.9% of Nepal's population) (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="India"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">278,000 (2006)<sup id="cite_ref-Mgp_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mgp-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Native:</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Magar_language" title="Magar language">Magar</a><br /><b>Dialect:</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Kham_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kham language">Magar Kham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaike_language" title="Kaike language">Magar Kaike</a>, Magar ḍhuṭ<br /><b>Also</b>:<br /><a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> 79.4%, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> 18%, <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> 2.2%, <a href="/wiki/Prakriti" class="mw-redirect" title="Prakriti">Prakriti</a> 0.4% <sup id="cite_ref-Mgp1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mgp1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Gurung" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurung">Gurung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamang_people" title="Tamang people">Tamang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_people" title="Tibetan people">Tibetan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thakali_people" title="Thakali people">Thakali</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sherpa_people" title="Sherpa people">Sherpa</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Magars</b>, also spelled <b>Mangar</b> and <b>Mongar</b>, are a Tibeto-Burman ethnic group native to Nepal and Northeast <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, representing 6.9% of Nepal's total population according to the <a href="/wiki/2021_Nepal_census" title="2021 Nepal census">2021 Nepal census</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are one of the main <a href="/wiki/Gurkha" title="Gurkha">Gurkha</a> tribes. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indigenous_magar_girls_of_Nepal.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Indigenous_magar_girls_of_Nepal.JPG/220px-Indigenous_magar_girls_of_Nepal.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Indigenous_magar_girls_of_Nepal.JPG/330px-Indigenous_magar_girls_of_Nepal.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Indigenous_magar_girls_of_Nepal.JPG/440px-Indigenous_magar_girls_of_Nepal.JPG 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="382" /></a><figcaption>Magar girls of Nepal</figcaption></figure> <p>The first home of the Magars was to the west of the <a href="/wiki/Gandaki_River" title="Gandaki River">Gandaki River</a> and, roughly speaking, consisted of that portion of Nepal which lies between and around about <a href="/wiki/Gulmi_District" title="Gulmi District">Gulmi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arghakhanchi_District" title="Arghakhanchi District">Arghakhanchi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Palpa_District" title="Palpa District">Palpa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This part of the country was divided into twelve districts known as <i>Bahra Magarat</i> (Confederation of Twelve Magar villages), which included the following regions of that period: <a href="/wiki/Argha" title="Argha">Argha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arghakhanchi_District" title="Arghakhanchi District">Khanchi</a>, Bhirkot, Dhor, Garhung, Ghiring, Gulmi, Isma, Musikot, Rising, <a href="/wiki/Satungal" title="Satungal">Satung</a>, and Pyung.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the medieval period, the whole area from <a href="/wiki/Palpa_District" title="Palpa District">Palpa</a> to Rukum Rolpa was called the <a href="/wiki/Magarat" title="Magarat">Magarat</a>, a place settled and inhabited by Magars.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another confederation of eighteen Magar kingdoms, known as <a href="/wiki/Magarat" title="Magarat"><i>Athara Magarat</i></a>, also existed and was originally inhabited by <a href="/wiki/Kham_Magar" title="Kham Magar">Kham Magars</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geographical_distribution">Geographical distribution</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nepal">Nepal</h3></div> <p>At the time of the <a href="/wiki/2021_Nepal_census" title="2021 Nepal census">2021 Nepal census</a>, 2,013,498 people (6.9% of the population of Nepal) identified as Magar. The frequency of Magar people by province was as follows: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gandaki_Province" title="Gandaki Province">Gandaki Province</a> (18.8%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumbini_Province" title="Lumbini Province">Lumbini Province</a> (14.6%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnali_Province" title="Karnali Province">Karnali Province</a> (10.4%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagmati_Province" title="Bagmati Province">Bagmati Province</a> (5.1%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koshi_Province" title="Koshi Province">Koshi Province</a> (4%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudurpashchim_Province" title="Sudurpashchim Province">Sudurpashchim Province</a> (2%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhesh_Province" title="Madhesh Province">Madhesh Province</a> (1.1%)</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maghe_Sankranti_2019_Kathmandu_09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Maghe_Sankranti_2019_Kathmandu_09.jpg/220px-Maghe_Sankranti_2019_Kathmandu_09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Maghe_Sankranti_2019_Kathmandu_09.jpg/330px-Maghe_Sankranti_2019_Kathmandu_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Maghe_Sankranti_2019_Kathmandu_09.jpg/440px-Maghe_Sankranti_2019_Kathmandu_09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3680" data-file-height="5520" /></a><figcaption>Magar girls in <a href="/wiki/Maghe_Sankranti" title="Maghe Sankranti">Maghe Sankranti</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The frequency of Magar people was higher than national average in the following districts:<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palpa_District" title="Palpa District">Palpa</a> (53%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Rukum_District" title="Eastern Rukum District">Eastern Rukum</a> (49.4%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolpa_District" title="Rolpa District">Rolpa</a> (42.8%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myagdi_District" title="Myagdi District">Myagdi</a> (35.5%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyuthan_District" title="Pyuthan District">Pyuthan</a> (33.7%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baglung_District" title="Baglung District">Baglung</a> (30%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawalpur_District" title="Nawalpur District">Nawalpur</a> (27.5%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanahun_District" title="Tanahun District">Tanahun</a> (26%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulmi_District" title="Gulmi District">Gulmi</a> (22.3%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syangja_District" title="Syangja District">Syangja</a> (22%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arghakhanchi_District" title="Arghakhanchi District">Arghakhanchi</a> (19.6%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surkhet_District" title="Surkhet District">Surkhet</a> (17.3%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salyan_District,_Nepal" title="Salyan District, Nepal">Salyan</a> (14.6%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dang_District,_Nepal" title="Dang District, Nepal">Dang</a> (14.5%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhuli_District" title="Sindhuli District">Sindhuli</a> (14.1%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Rukum_District" title="Western Rukum District">Western Rukum</a> (13.8%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udayapur_District" title="Udayapur District">Udayapur</a> (13.3%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolpa_District" title="Dolpa District">Dolpa</a> (12.1%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustang_District" title="Mustang District">Mustang</a> (11.7%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parbat_District" title="Parbat District">Parbat</a> (11.7%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorkha_District" title="Gorkha District">Gorkha</a> (11.5%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okhaldhunga_District" title="Okhaldhunga District">Okhaldhunga</a> (11.5%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupandehi_District" title="Rupandehi District">Rupandehi</a> (10.9%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramechhap_District" title="Ramechhap District">Ramechhap</a> (10.8%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhankuta_District" title="Dhankuta District">Dhankuta</a> (10.3%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaski_District" title="Kaski District">Kaski</a> (9.7%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dailekh_District" title="Dailekh District">Dailekh</a> (9.1%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jajarkot_District" title="Jajarkot District">Jajarkot</a> (8.9%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhading_District" title="Dhading District">Dhading</a> (8.2%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasi District">Parasi District</a> (7.1%)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India,_United_Kingdom_and_other_countries"><span id="India.2C_United_Kingdom_and_other_countries"></span>India, United Kingdom and other countries</h3></div> <p>Magars are scattered throughout the cities of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> in <a href="/wiki/Darjeeling" title="Darjeeling">Darjeeling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a> and many others. The <a href="/wiki/Gurkha" title="Gurkha">Gurkha</a> recruitment in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Gorkha" title="Indian Gorkha">Indian Gorkha Regiment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Gurkha_Rifles" title="Royal Gurkha Rifles">British Gurkha Regiment</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gurkha_Contingent" title="Gurkha Contingent">Gurkha Contingent of Singapore Police</a> gave a huge opportunity to the hard working Magars of the hills to work and live abroad in countries like <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">the United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>. A significant number of Magar population can also be found in countries like <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">the United Arab Emirates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">the United States of America</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin</h2></div> <p>There are several mythical stories describing the origins of the Magars.<sup id="cite_ref-Vir1988_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vir1988-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Magar of the Bahra Magarat east of the <a href="/wiki/Kali_Gandaki_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kali Gandaki River">Kali Gandaki River</a> are said to have originated in the land of Seem. Two brothers, Seem Magar and Chintoo Magar, fought, and one remained in Seem, while the other left, ending up in Kangwachen, southern <a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Bhutia" title="Bhutia">Bhutia</a> people lived at the northern end of this region. Over time, the Magars became very powerful and made the northern Bhutia their <a href="/wiki/Vassal" title="Vassal">vassals</a>. Sintoo Sati Sheng ruled in a very despotic manner, and the Bhutia conspired to assassinate him. Sheng's queen took revenge and poisoned 1,000 Bhutia people at a place now called Tong Song Fong, meaning "where a thousand were murdered". The Bhutia later drove the Magars out, forcing them to again migrate further south. As part of this migration, one group migrated to Simrongadh, one group moved towards the Okhaldhunga region, and another group seems to have returned to the east. No dates are given. </p><p>The origins of the Kaike Magars end up with the mystical tales told and retold by local people. According to one of these stories, the Kaike Magars were the sons of a woman who had fled from an unspecified village of Kalyal kingdom. She subsequently gave birth to her child, a son. The boy, when he grew up, captured an angel while she was bathing with her friends. As time went by, the son and his angel bride had three sons. These sons were the ancestors of the Buddha, Roka, and Gharti clans. The origin of the fourth major clan is different. One of the three sons was a shepherd who kept losing the same female goat every day, so one day he followed her when she wandered away from the rest of the herd. He discovered that she was giving her milk to a baby boy living in the hollow part of a bamboo tree. He brought the baby home. This boy grew up and became the ancestor of the Jhankri clan. The language was called "Kaike," meaning "language of the Gods." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Magar_group,_military_tribe,_Nipal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Magar_group%2C_military_tribe%2C_Nipal.jpg/220px-Magar_group%2C_military_tribe%2C_Nipal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Magar_group%2C_military_tribe%2C_Nipal.jpg/330px-Magar_group%2C_military_tribe%2C_Nipal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Magar_group%2C_military_tribe%2C_Nipal.jpg/440px-Magar_group%2C_military_tribe%2C_Nipal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="760" /></a><figcaption>Magar group, military tribe, Nepal</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Magar_or_Muggur,_military_tribe,_Nipal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Magar_or_Muggur%2C_military_tribe%2C_Nipal.jpg/220px-Magar_or_Muggur%2C_military_tribe%2C_Nipal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="327" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Magar_or_Muggur%2C_military_tribe%2C_Nipal.jpg/330px-Magar_or_Muggur%2C_military_tribe%2C_Nipal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Magar_or_Muggur%2C_military_tribe%2C_Nipal.jpg/440px-Magar_or_Muggur%2C_military_tribe%2C_Nipal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="760" /></a><figcaption>Magar man, military tribe, Nepal</figcaption></figure> <p>The first written history about the Magar people dates as far back as 1100 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Magars are one of the oldest known tribes in Nepal. Their ancient homeland was known as <i>Magwar Bisaya</i>, later called Magarat. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Magarat" title="Magarat">Magarat</a> bordered from Marsyangdi river to the Pyuthan area during that time.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Magars prospered at such a level during that period that this part of the country was divided into twelve kingdoms/thams (<i>Barah</i> <i>Magarant or twelve magarat)</i><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—each under its own ruler—the members of each supposedly being of common extraction in the male line. Some records show these twelve areas as being <a href="/wiki/Argha" title="Argha">Arghak, Khachi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gulmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulmi">Gulmi</a>, Isma, Musikot, Ghiring, Rising, Bhirkot, Payung, Garhung, Dhor and Satung.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among them, the most powerful kings were those of Gulmi, Argha, Khachi.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Broadly speaking, the twelve Magarat consisted of present-day Argha, Khanchi, Gulmi, Isma, Musikot, Ghiring, Baldengadhi, Rudrapurgadhi, Deuchuli, Tanahang/Tanu-hyula (Tanahu), Kanhu, Ligligkot, Gorkhakot, (Bahakot), Targhakot (Takukot), and Makawanpur areas.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, Athara (eighteen) Magarat consisted of the following regions: Dhurkoi (Gulmi), Gharkoi (Arghakhachi), Paiya (Parbat), Sinkhang (<a href="/wiki/Myagdi" class="mw-redirect" title="Myagdi">Myagdi</a>), Narikoi (Pyuthan), Balungbang (Pyuthan), Jangkoi (Rolpa), Rukumkoi (Rukum), Chhilikoi (Dang), Bhaba (Dailekh), Borekoi (Jajarkot), Tarakoi (Dolpa), Timarkoi (Jumla), Jural (Doti), Bunkot, Bahrakot, Lu Nanya (Dadeldhura) and Ru-pal (Dadeldhura).<sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Magars of the middle and western regions also played an important role in Nepal's formative history. Their kingdom was one of the strongest of west Nepal in and around Palpa District during the time of the 22 <a href="/wiki/Baisi_Rajya" class="mw-redirect" title="Baisi Rajya">Baisi Rajya</a> and 24 <a href="/wiki/Chaubisi_Rajya" title="Chaubisi Rajya">Chaubisi Rajya</a> <i> principalities (17th and early 18th centuries)</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dor_Bahadur_Bista_1972._p._62_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dor_Bahadur_Bista_1972._p._62-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 16th century, Palpa ruler Mukunda Sen briefly invaded the Kathmandu valley. King Dalsur Ghale Magar (1604-1615 <a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">BS</a>) was a king of <a href="/wiki/Liglig" title="Liglig">Liglig-Kot</a> until <a href="/wiki/Dravya_Shah" title="Dravya Shah">Dravya Shah</a> captured LigligKot and became the king.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ganga Ram Rana Magar also helped Drabya Shah. <a href="/wiki/Liglig" title="Liglig">Ligligkot</a> is also considered the foundation of the <a href="/wiki/Gorkha_Kingdom" title="Gorkha Kingdom">Gorkha Kingdom</a> and the foundation of our nation . After <a href="/wiki/Dravya_Shah" title="Dravya Shah">Dravya Shah</a> captured <a href="/wiki/Liglig" title="Liglig">LigligKot</a> from Magar King Dalsur Ghale Magar, he captured Gorkhakot, the last Magarat area, from the Magar King, <a href="/wiki/Mansingh_Khadka_Magar" title="Mansingh Khadka Magar">Mansingh Khadka Magar</a> in BS 1616 Bhadra 25.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the kingdoms of Gorkha and Musikot, the Magars even seem to have taken part in their own initial defeat, revealing both the weakness of their ethnic solidarity at that time and the presence of clan rivalries.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/The_Asiatic_Society" title="The Asiatic Society">Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal</a> founded by <a href="/wiki/William_Jones_(philologist)" title="William Jones (philologist)">Sir William Jones</a> in 1784, the city of <a href="/wiki/Gorkha_District" title="Gorkha District">Gorkha</a> was originally the residence of Chitoria (Chitorey) Magars, and the city was built by them. To this day, large numbers of Chitoria/Chitorey Magars are found in the <a href="/wiki/Gorkha_District" title="Gorkha District">Gorkha District</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, in the <a href="/wiki/Manakamana_Temple" title="Manakamana Temple">Manakamana Temple</a> located in <a href="/wiki/Gorkha_District" title="Gorkha District">Gorkha</a>, it is mandatory for a priest to be a Magar; specifically, the priest must be a descendant of Saint Lakhan Thapa Magar, who is described as a spiritual guide for <a href="/wiki/Ram_Shah" title="Ram Shah">Ram Shah</a>, and he had a very close relationship with the queen, who was considered an incarnation of the Goddess.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Interestingly, the main priests of Kalika, the goddess protecting the kingdoms of Lamjung and Gorkha, were also Bohara Magars; it is striking to note how the Magars have been in charge of the religious functions linked to the very source of <a href="/wiki/Thakuri" title="Thakuri">Thakuri</a> power.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 18th-century king, <a href="/wiki/Prithvi_Narayan_Shah" title="Prithvi Narayan Shah">Prithvi Narayan Shah</a>, the founder of the modern Kingdom of Nepal announced and loved to call himself ' the King of <a href="/wiki/Magarat" title="Magarat">Magarat</a>' or 'the King of Magar country'.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Marie Lecomte-Tilouine, a senior researcher in Social Anthropology at the French National Center for Scientific Research, <a href="/wiki/Prithvi_Narayan_Shah" title="Prithvi Narayan Shah">Prithvi Narayan Shah</a> narrated in his autobiography about praying to a goddess whom he described as 'the daughter of Rana [Magar].<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the time of King Prithvi Narayan, Rana Magars were one of the six-member <a href="/wiki/Courtiers" class="mw-redirect" title="Courtiers">courtiers</a> (<i>Tharghar</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Prithvi_Narayan_Shah" title="Prithvi Narayan Shah">Prithvi Narayan Shah</a> in his memories also recalls his Magar <i>dada</i>—the man who looked after him during his childhood.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> The Scottish contemporary writer, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Buchanan-Hamilton" title="Francis Buchanan-Hamilton">Francis Buchanan-Hamilton</a>, contends in his journal that the <a href="/wiki/Shah_dynasty" title="Shah dynasty">Shah dynasty</a> was derived from the <a href="/wiki/Magar_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Magar people">Magar</a> tribe. He argues that: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The family of Gorkha or <a href="/wiki/Gorkha_Kingdom" title="Gorkha Kingdom">Gorkha Kingdom</a> which now governs Nepal, although it pretends to come from <a href="/wiki/Chittor" class="mw-redirect" title="Chittor">Chittor</a>, according to Sadhu Ram,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a good authority, is, in reality, of the Magar tribe; and, at any rate, these people are now firmly attached to its interests, by having largely shared in the sweets of conquest; and by far the greatest part of the regular troops of that family is composed of this nation.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>An account of the Kingdom of Nepal<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton181926_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton181926-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote><p> He further contended on Shah family that: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The family pretends to be of the Pamar tribe; but it is alleged, as I have already explained, that this is a mere fable, and that, on the arrival of the colony from Chitaur, this family were Magars.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>An account of the Kingdom of Nepal<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1819240_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1819240-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Many prominent historians of Nepal have claimed that Aramudi, an eighth-century ruler of the Kali Gandaki region, was a Magar King.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Aramudi" derives from the word for 'river' in the <a href="/wiki/Magar_language" title="Magar language">Magar language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 'Ari' – 'Source of Water' + 'Modi'– 'River' = 'Arimodi' or 'Aramudi', thus the literal meaning of Aramudi is a <i>source of river</i>. But due to the lack of historical evidence, there are some conflicting ideas among the historians. </p><p>Sen dynasty of Palpa were Magar Kings<sup id="cite_ref-:1_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as per the hand-written treatise 'Naradsmriti' <sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and history books written in Sikkim.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a palm-leaf manuscript kept in the Kaiser Library, dated 1567 VS (1510), <a href="/wiki/Mukunda_Sen" title="Mukunda Sen">Mukunda Sen</a> is described as a Magar king of <a href="/wiki/Palpa_District" title="Palpa District">Palpa</a> who invaded the Kathmandu Valley in 1581 VS (1524).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, in the 17th century, Malla kings of Kathmandu valley were united to fight back the invasion of Magars from Palpa.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of Mukunda Sen's wives was also the daughter of the Magar King of Parkogha: Mahadevi Suvarnamala, and she had four sons: Manishya Sen, Imbarsen, Kuvar and Lohang Sen.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, Gajalaxman Singh, Magar King of Makvanpur, whose daughter Kantivati was married to Abhaya Sen (Magar King) of Palpa.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From her was born the great king of kings Bhattarajadeva.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 1700, the ruler of Baldeng (near present-day Butwal) was overthrown by Palpa and other <i><a href="/wiki/Chaubisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaubisi">chaubisi</a></i> states, and he was supposedly a Magar king.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subdivisions">Subdivisions</h2></div> <p>Magars are divided into the following Eight tribes <i>(clans)</i> listed here in an alphabetical order: Ale, Budha/Budhathoki, Chitorey/Chitaurey, Gharti, Pun, Rana, Roka, Thapa. These tribes all intermarry with each other, have the same customs, and are in every way equal as regards to social standing. Each tribe is subdivided into many sub-clans.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ale_Magars">Ale Magars</h3></div> <p>Arghali, Durungchung, Hiski, Hungchen, Limel, Pade, Rakhal, Suyal, Sirpali. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Budhathoki_/_Budha_Magars"><span id="Budhathoki_.2F_Budha_Magars"></span>Budhathoki / Budha Magars</h3></div> <p>Gamal, Jugjali, Pahari, Thami, Arkali, Ulange, Karmani, Kosila, Gamal, Chini, Jiyali, Thami, Janjali, Darlasi, Deowal, Namjali, Pare, Pahare, Pojange, Barkabiri, Balkoti, Ramjali, Romkhami, Sinjali/Singjali, Jujali, Lamichhane, Khame, Doyal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chitorey/Chitaurey"><span id="Chitorey.2FChitaurey"></span>Chitorey/Chitaurey</h3></div> <p>Chitorey, Chitaurey </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gharti_Magars">Gharti Magars</h3></div> <p>Dagami, Galami, Kalikotey, Pahari or Panre, Phagami, Rangu, Rawal, Rajali, Sawangi, Sene, Surai, Sinjapati, Sijapati, Talaji, Tirukia, Wale, Thini, Bhujel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pun_Magars">Pun Magars</h3></div> <p>Birkali, Baijali, Burduja, Paija, sain, Chochangi, Sinjali, Dut, Purja, Garbuja, Ramjali, Tilija, Armaja, Phungali, Sanangi, Sothi, Sutpahare, Khame, Khoroja, Thane, Tirke, Sabangi, Pahare, Gaura, Phagami/Fagami, Balali, Batha, Saureni, Sherpunja. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rana_Magars">Rana Magars</h3></div> <p>Aachhami, Aslami, Bangling, Chumi, Gyangmi/Gyami, Kharka/Khadka, Kyapchaki/Kepchaki, Lungeli, Makkim, Maski, Marchu, Palli, Ruchal, Shrees, Surjabansi/Suryabangsi, Limel, Deuka, Jung, Fewali, Basista </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roka_Magars">Roka Magars</h3></div> <p>Jelbangi, Dununge, Ramjali, Bajhangi, Baijali. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thapa_Magars">Thapa Magars</h3></div> <p>To name a few – Āthaghare, Bagale, Bakabal, Bakheti, Baraghare, Birkatta, Kala, Kammu, Khapangi, Palunge, Puwar/Punwar, Sunari, Sāthighare, Sinjali/Singjali, Saplangi, Midun, Mugmi, Pulami, Darlami, Salami, Jarga, Dhenga, Taramu, Tarami, Tarangi, Tangnami, Byangnasi, Masrangi </p><p>Gaha Thapa consists of Bucha, Gora, khangaha/khanga. </p><p>Reshmi Thapa consists of Dangal. </p><p>Saru Thapa consists of Jhapurluk, Jhendi/Jhedi, Kala. Besides these, Gurbachan, Purbachhaney, Phounja, Chauhan, Pachabhaiya, Khamcha, Khandaluk, Ghale, Baral, Somai, Pithakote, Jhakote, Rakaskoti/Raskoti, Uchai, Samal. </p><p>In former days, any Thapa who had lost three generations of ancestors in battle became a Rana, but with the prefix of his Thapa clan. Thus, a Reshmi Thapa would become a Reshmi Rana.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An instance of this is to be found in the 5th Gurkhas, where a <i>havildar,</i> Lachman Thapa, and a naik, Shamsher Rana, descended from the two Thapa [Magars] brothers; but three generations of descendants from one of these brothers having been killed in the battle, Shamsher Rana's ancestors assumed the title of Rana while Lachman Thapa's ancestors not having been killed in battle for three generations remained a Thapa. From this custom many Rana sub clans are said to have sprung up, and this would lead one to believe that the Rana-Magar clan was looked up to amongst the Magars.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Rana clan of Magar tribes come from the same stock of Thapa, but when they were separated from their original group and lost for three generations, they settled in a place called lamjung and called themselves by the name of <i>Rana</i> which means chief in khas tradition and language. Thus, the inhabitants of Rana Magar became the lamjung village. The Matwala Khas are generally the progeny of a <a href="/wiki/Khas_people" title="Khas people">Khas</a> of Western Nepal and karnali with a Magar woman of Western Nepal. If the woman happens to belong to the khas mixed Rana clan of the Magar tribe, progeny is then called a Bhat Rana.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Matwala Khas</i> doesn't wear the sacred thread. They eats pork and drinks alcohol, and in every way assimilates himself with the Magars. He invariably claims to be a matwali khas or pawai khas.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Linguistically, the Magars are divided into three groups. Baraha Magaratis speak Dhut dialect, whereas Athara Magaratis speak Pang and Kaike dialects. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Magar_language" title="Magar language">Magar Dhut</a> speakers: Rana, Ale, Thapa </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kham_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kham language">Magar Kham</a> speakers: Budhathoki, Pun, Roka, Gharti </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kaike" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaike">Magar Kaike</a> speakers: Tarali Magar of Dolpa; Budha, Gharti, Roka/Rokaya, Kayat, Jhakri all Magar clans residing in Dolpa and Karnali districts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language_and_script">Language and script</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Kham_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kham language">Kham language</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magar_language" title="Magar language">Magar language</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kaike_language" title="Kaike language">Kaike language</a></div> <p>Of the 2,013,498 Magar population in <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, about 810,315 speak <a href="/wiki/Magar_language" title="Magar language">Magar language</a> as their mother tongue while the rest speak <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a> as their mother tongue. The western inhabitants of Nepal did not speak the language in the past. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> But recently, almost everyone has started learning the language. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Magar languages are rooted in the <a href="/wiki/Bodic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodic languages">Bodic</a> branch of the Tibetan family. </p><p>The Magar language, <i>Magar Kura</i>, is spoken in two major dialects and a number of sub dialects reflecting the geographic distribution of the group. The Western Magars of <a href="/wiki/Rapti_Zone" title="Rapti Zone">Rapti Zone</a> speak <a href="/wiki/Kham_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kham language">Magar Kham</a> language. In Dolpa District, Magars speak <a href="/wiki/Kaike_language" title="Kaike language">Magar Kaike language</a>. Magar Dhut language speakers are all Magar clans residing in <a href="/wiki/Magarat" title="Magarat">Twelve Magarat</a>. Similarly Magar Kham language speakers are all Magar clans from <a href="/wiki/Magarat" title="Magarat">Eighteen Magarat</a>. Magar Kaike language speakers are all Magar clans in <a href="/wiki/Karnali_Zone" title="Karnali Zone">Karnali zone</a>. </p><p>Magar Akkha or scripts are used in <a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a> as a Magar language script. Many scholars including MS Thapa have been in forefront to implement the Akkha script to write Magar language in Nepal. New generations have been learning it. Akkha script is said to be closely associated with <a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2></div><p> As per Nepali census 79% of Magars follow Hinduism though there is high degree of syncretism with Buddhism, Animism and Ancestor Worship.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Magars follow <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> and Hinduism. The original religions or beliefs of Magar people are <a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">Shamanism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">Animism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancestor_worship" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancestor worship">Ancestor worship</a> and northern Nepal's Magar follow Shamanism.</p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shamanism_in_Nepal.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Shamanism_in_Nepal.JPG/210px-Shamanism_in_Nepal.JPG" decoding="async" width="210" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Shamanism_in_Nepal.JPG/315px-Shamanism_in_Nepal.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Shamanism_in_Nepal.JPG/420px-Shamanism_in_Nepal.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="4608" /></a><figcaption>Magars of Western Nepal have been practicing <a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">shamanism</a> during their kul pooja.</figcaption></figure> <p>Magars are the main priests of the famous <a href="/wiki/Manakamana_Temple" title="Manakamana Temple">Manakamana Temple</a> in Gorkha District, <a href="/wiki/Budha_Subba_Temple" title="Budha Subba Temple">Budha Subba Temple</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dharan" title="Dharan">Dharan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alamdevi" title="Alamdevi">Alamdevi</a> temple (Nepal's former Shah Kings' mother Goddess or family deity) in Syangja District. In Manakamana Temple, specially, the priest must be a descendant of Saint Lakhan Thapa Magar, who is described as a spiritual guide for <a href="/wiki/Ram_Shah" title="Ram Shah">Ram Shah</a>, and he had a very close relationship with the queen, who was considered an incarnation of the Goddess Durga Bhawani, an incarnation of Parvati.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, Bhirkot, Gahraukot, Khilung, Nuwakot, Satahukot, Sarankot, Dhor, Lamjung, Gorkha Kalika, Salyankot Dhading also have Magar priests from Saru, Baral, Saru, Saru, Pulami, Chumi, Darlami, DudhrRana, Bhusal/Maski, Saru/Rana Magar clan respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main priests of Kalika, the goddess protecting the kingdoms of Lamjung and <a href="/wiki/Gorkha_Kingdom" title="Gorkha Kingdom"> Gorkha</a>, were also Bohara Magars. Magars have been in charge of the religious functions linked to the very source of <a href="/wiki/Thakuri" title="Thakuri">Thakuri</a> power.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most Magars also follow a form of <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a>, with priests known as Lama Guru, forming the religious hierarchy. Buddhism is an important part of the culture even in the southern districts, where the Magars have developed a syncretic form of religion that combines earlier shamanistic and Buddhist rituals with Hindu traditions. </p><p>Animists and shamanism form part of the local belief system; their dhami (the faith healer or a kind of shaman) is called Dangar and their jhankri (another kind of faith healer or shaman) was the traditional spiritual and social leader of the Magars.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Magars have an informal cultural institution, called <i>Bhujel</i>, who performs religious activities, organizes social and agriculture-related festivities, brings about reforms in traditions and customs, strengthens social and production system, manages resources, settles cases and disputes and systematizes activities for recreation and social solidarity.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Magar_Culture.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Magar_Culture.jpg/200px-Magar_Culture.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Magar_Culture.jpg/300px-Magar_Culture.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Magar_Culture.jpg 2x" data-file-width="392" data-file-height="522" /></a><figcaption>Two Magar children wearing jewelry and items of traditional dress.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dress_and_ornaments">Dress and ornaments</h2></div> <p>Men wear <span title="Nepali (macrolanguage)-language romanization"><i lang="ne-Latn">kachhad</i></span> or wrap-on-loincloth, a <i>bhangra, a bhoto</i> or a shirt of vest, and the usual Nepali topi. Women wear the <i>phariya</i> or <i>lunghi</i>, <i>chaubandhi cholo</i> or a closed blouse and the heavy <i>patuka</i> or waistband, and the <span title="Nepali (macrolanguage)-language romanization"><i lang="ne-Latn">mujetro</i></span> or shawl-like garment on the head. </p><p>The ornaments are the <i>madwari</i> on the ears, <i>bulaki</i> on the nose and the <i>phuli</i> on the left nostril, the silver coin necklace"[haari]" and the <i><a href="/wiki/Pote" class="mw-redirect" title="Pote">pote</a></i> (yellow and Green beads) with the <i>tilhari</i> gold cylinder, [jantar], [dhungri], [naugedi], [phul], <i>kuntha, and</i> also <i>raiya</i> in the hand. Magar males do not wear many ornaments, but some are seen to have silver earrings, hanging from their earlobes, called <i>"gokkul"</i>. The magar girls wear the amulet or locket necklace, and women of the lower hills and the high-altitude ones wear these made of silver with muga stones embedded in them and <i>kantha</i>. The bangles of silver and glass are also worn on their hands along with the <i>sirbandhi</i>, <i>sirphuli</i> and <i>chandra</i> on their heads. These are large pieces of gold beaten in elongated and circular shapes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Festivals">Festivals</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maghe_Sankranti">Maghe Sankranti</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Maghe_Sankranti" title="Maghe Sankranti">Maghe Sankranti</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Maghe_Sankranti" title="Maghe Sankranti">Maghe Sankranti</a> is considered to be one of the most important annual festivals of the indigenous Magar community. In fact, Maghe Sankranti is the government declared national festival of the Magar community as well as the Tharu community (2009 AD). It is celebrated on the first day of Magh (tenth month of the Nepali calendar, in mid-January), a time that marks the transition from winter to spring. According to the Magar terminology, Maghe Sakranti commemorates the end of <i>udheli</i> (literally 'down'), which is a period that lasts for six months starting from mid-July, and the initiation of <i>ubheli</i> ('up'), the period lasting for another six months starting from the mid-January. The down and up periods probably correspond to the annual cycle of herding livestock up and down from high pastures, a historically important economic activity of the Magars. The occasion is celebrated with a host of gatherings and special invitations to <i>chelibetis</i>, one's daughters and other female members of the family. Traditional Magar songs and dances are also performed. One of the most prominent food items prepared on this day (or any other celebratory occasion) is known as <i>batuk</i> (commonly known as 'bara'). It is considered to be a traditional food of the Magar people. Shaped like western doughnuts, it is made from black lentils that have been soaked for over twenty-four hours and are grounded to form a thick paste. It is then mixed with salt, pepper and turmeric and fried in oil. A perfect round shape is formed with the help of the palm, and a small distinct hole is made in the center. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bhume_Puja">Bhume Puja</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bhume_Naach" title="Bhume Naach">Bhume Naach</a></div> <p><b>Bhume Puja</b> (also known as <b>Bal puja</b>) is one of the festivals celebrated by the <a href="/wiki/Kham_Magar" title="Kham Magar">Kham Magar</a> people from <a href="/wiki/Lumbini_Province" title="Lumbini Province">Lumbini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karnali_Province" title="Karnali Province">Karnali</a> provinces of <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>. The term <i>Bhume</i> means 'Earth' in <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali language</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Kham_Magar" title="Kham Magar">Kham people</a> practice a religion that worships the land (<i>bhumi puja</i>), <a href="/wiki/Water_sprout" title="Water sprout">water sprouts</a> (<i>shim</i>), forests (<i>ban puja</i>) and weather, asking for better crop yields and cattle. The <a href="/wiki/Kham_Magar" title="Kham Magar">Kham people</a> believe that the Earth is God. Earth is considered to be the mother and protector which provides shelter, food and sustenance for everyone. To make the Earth happy, people perform the dance from mid-May through mid-June. The main celebration takes place during the first week of June. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_Major_Festivals">Other Major Festivals</h3></div> <ul><li>Chandi Purnima, Baisakhe Purnima, Mangsir Purnima, Jestha Purnima.</li> <li>Magar people celebrates major festival like "Chhaigo" as Lhosar which is considered as the New Year for Magar community according to the Naagchi Sambat. Magar people also observe festivals like Chaiti, Rungma, Keja, Yacha etc. These festivals are based on the Tibetan Buddhism and the Bon culture.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Folk_songs_and_dances">Folk songs and dances</h2></div> <p>Magars have contributed phenomenally in Nepali folk songs and dances. Both men and women take part in folk songs and dances. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sorathi">Sorathi</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Maruni" title="Maruni">Maruni</a></div> <p>One of the most well-known Magar folk-dances is <a href="/wiki/Maruni" title="Maruni">Sorathi</a> or <a href="/wiki/Maruni" title="Maruni">Maruni</a> dance practiced during <a href="/wiki/Tihar_(festival)" title="Tihar (festival)">Tihar festival</a>. In this dance, the main dancer wears a woman's dress, has someone to mimic her dance and one person to beat a <i>Madal</i> or <i>Rani Madal.</i> This dance is believed to be of divine origin and is directly linked with mythology. The role of the person beating the <i>Madal</i> is considered to be the most important, and even the one who mimics the main dancer is actually considered to be the protectors of the dancer. He wears a mask, entertains the crowd by his own gestures etc. The wearing of the dress by the dance is given a ritualistic position, as the dancer's dress, are elaborately laid along with flowers, rice etc. on a brass plate or a winnower. The dance begins with the worship of <i>Madal</i>, the dress, and other ornaments to be used by the dancer, followed by obeisance to all gods and goddesses like Saraswati, Ram, Sita. The dance ends with blessings to the family that has offered alms to the dancing group and brings the end to the dance ritualistically. The dance originated with the Magar community, and later on, people from the various communities started adopting it. Maruni in Western Nepal is different than in other places. <a href="/wiki/Maruni" title="Maruni">Maruni</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maruni" title="Maruni">Sorathi</a> dances were created in Western Nepal by the Magar community, and Magars who migrated to Eastern Nepal started to make small changes as they performed it there too. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kaura">Kaura</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kaura_(dance)" title="Kaura (dance)">Kaura (dance)</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kaura_(dance)" title="Kaura (dance)">Kaura</a>, also known as "<a href="/wiki/Kaura_(dance)" title="Kaura (dance)">Kaanraha</a>" in <a href="/wiki/Magar_language" title="Magar language">Magar language</a>, is a folk musical performance indigenous to the hilly regions of Nepal. It is one of the most popular <a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Nepal" title="Dance in Nepal">dances in Nepal</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kaura_(dance)" title="Kaura (dance)">Kaura</a> was originated in the Magar community of <a href="/wiki/Rishing_Rural_Municipality" title="Rishing Rural Municipality">Rishing</a> <a href="/wiki/Ranipokhari,_Nepal" title="Ranipokhari, Nepal">Ranipokhari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanahun_District" title="Tanahun District">Tanahun</a>. According to historians, it was originally called "Kaanraha". It typically involves rhythmic movements accompanied by traditional music, often performed during festivals or cultural celebrations to showcase the community's heritage and identity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hurra">Hurra</h3></div> <p>Hurra is a dance of the Magar community which is performed during <a href="/wiki/Tihar_(festival)" title="Tihar (festival)">Tihar festival</a>. Hurra Naach was originated in the Magar community of <a href="/wiki/Mudebas" title="Mudebas">Mudebas Village</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dhankuta_District" title="Dhankuta District">Dhankuta</a>. Hurra has been observed from time unknown but it is widely believed that this culture started from 1850 AD. Hurra, now is considered as a broad culture merely than just a cultural dance. After taking permission from the village Mukhiya, Hurra dance culture starts from the porch of Mukhiya’s house and then the whole village sing songs for <a href="/wiki/Deusi/Bhailo" title="Deusi/Bhailo">Deusi/Bhailo</a> and dance on the tunes of the <a href="/wiki/Madal" title="Madal">madal</a>. The dance is widely performed in almost all the parts of <a href="/wiki/Koshi_Province" title="Koshi Province">eastern Nepal</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bhume_Naach">Bhume Naach</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bhume_Naach" title="Bhume Naach">Bhume Naach</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bhume_Naach" title="Bhume Naach">Bhume Naach</a> is one of the popular dances practiced by the <a href="/wiki/Kham_Magar" title="Kham Magar">Kham Magar</a> people from <a href="/wiki/Lumbini_Province" title="Lumbini Province">Lumbini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karnali_Province" title="Karnali Province">Karnali</a> provinces of <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>. The term <i>Bhume</i> means 'Earth' and <i>Naach</i> means 'dance' in <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali language</a>. The main dance of <a href="/wiki/Bhume_Naach" title="Bhume Naach">Bhume Naach</a>, requires that the village boys dance in the center of a circle surrounded by dancing girls who wear beautiful clothing, jewellery, and flowers. The <a href="/wiki/Bhume_Naach" title="Bhume Naach">Bhume Naach</a> highlights and celebrates the fact that without Earth there is no life. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Salaijo">Salaijo</h3></div> <p>Salaijo is a popular Nepali folk song originating from the western region of Nepal. The lyrics of Salaijo typically revolve around topics of love and loss, and the song is often used as a way to express emotions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yanimaya">Yanimaya</h3></div> <p>Yanimaya Bhaka is considered to have originated from the Magar community around the villages of <a href="/wiki/Baglung" title="Baglung">Baglung</a> and <a href="/wiki/Myagdi_District" title="Myagdi District">Myagdi</a>. It is a form of a <i>ballad</i> and the song is often used as a way to express emotions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_Folk-Songs_and_Dances">Other Folk-Songs and Dances</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ghatu_(dance)" title="Ghatu (dance)">Ghatu</a>, Jhorra, Sunimaya, Rung, Bon Lama Naach. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abhiman_Singh_Rana_Magar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Abhiman_Singh_Rana_Magar.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="127" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="104" data-file-height="127" /></a><figcaption>General <a href="/wiki/Abhiman_Singh_Rana_Magar" title="Abhiman Singh Rana Magar">Abhiman Singh Rana Magar</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Occupations">Occupations</h2></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Biraj_Thapa_Magar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Biraj_Thapa_Magar.jpg/180px-Biraj_Thapa_Magar.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Biraj_Thapa_Magar.jpg/270px-Biraj_Thapa_Magar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Biraj_Thapa_Magar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Biraj_Thapa_Magar" title="Biraj Thapa Magar">Kaji Biraj Thapa Magar</a>, 1st Army Chief of <a href="/wiki/Prithvi_Narayan_Shah" title="Prithvi Narayan Shah">Prithvi Narayan Shah</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gorkha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorkha">Gorkha</a> and the ‘<a href="/wiki/Kingmaker" title="Kingmaker">Kingmaker</a>’</figcaption></figure> <p>Agriculture and the military are the primary sources of income. Magars constitute the largest number of <i><a href="/wiki/Gurkha" title="Gurkha">Gurkha</a></i> soldiers outside Nepal.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kaji_(Nepal)" title="Kaji (Nepal)">Kaji</a> Sarbajit Rana Magar became the head of government during the regency of Queen Rajendra Laxmi.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kaji <a href="/wiki/Biraj_Thapa_Magar" title="Biraj Thapa Magar">Biraj Thapa Magar</a> winner of limbuwan, <a href="/wiki/Jayant_Rana" title="Jayant Rana">Kaji Jayant Rana Magar</a> was a Gorkhali general of the Gorkha Kingdom and the Kingdom of Kantipur, General <a href="/wiki/Abhiman_Singh_Rana_Magar" title="Abhiman Singh Rana Magar">Abhiman Singh Rana Magar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sarbajit_Rana_Magar" title="Sarbajit Rana Magar">Kaji Sarbajit Rana Magar</a> headed the Nepal army. Biraj Thapa Magar was the first army chief in Nepal Army's history.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Dor_Bahadur_Bista" title="Dor Bahadur Bista">Dor Bahadur Bista</a>'s observation of Magar's occupation during the 1960s was: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Some of the northernmost Magars have become quite prosperous by engaging in long-range trading that takes them from near the northern border to the Terai, and even beyond to Darjeeling and Calcutta. Were it not for their role in the Gurkha regiments of the Indian and British armies, their self-sufficiency might be endangered.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Toni_Hagen" title="Toni Hagen">Toni Hagen</a>, who did his field research in Nepal during the 1950s, observed: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Magars possess considerable skill as craftsmen: they are the bridge builders and blacksmiths among the Nepalese, and the primitive mining is largely in their hands. On the lower courses of the Bheri & Karnali rivers, a great number of Magars annually migrate to the Terai & there manufacture bamboo panniers, baskets, and mats for sale in the bazaars along the borders. In their most northerly settlement, on the other hand, the important trading centre of Tarakot on the Barbung river, they have largely adopted their way of life, their clothes, and their religion to that of the Tibetans; like the latter, they also live by the salt trade. As regard race, the Magars have almond-shaped eyes or even open eyes, whereas Mongoloid eyes are very rare.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_service">Military service</h2></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lakhan_Thapa_Magar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Lakhan_Thapa_Magar.jpg/210px-Lakhan_Thapa_Magar.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Lakhan_Thapa_Magar.jpg/315px-Lakhan_Thapa_Magar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Lakhan_Thapa_Magar.jpg/420px-Lakhan_Thapa_Magar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="883" data-file-height="1261" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lakhan_Thapa_Magar" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakhan Thapa Magar">Lakhan Thapa Magar</a> – "First Martyr of Nepal" as a Raja of Bungkot who rebelled against the rule of the <a href="/wiki/Rana_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Rana Dynasty">Rana Dynasty</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1750s, <a href="/wiki/Prithvi_Narayan_Shah" title="Prithvi Narayan Shah">Prithvi Narayan Shah</a>, the "Father of Modern Nepal", was <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Nepal" title="Unification of Nepal">consolidating the many petty kingdoms scattered across the land</a>. For this task, he counted heavily upon his Magar soldiers. The outside world, however, came to know of the Magars only after the British began recruiting soldiers in Nepal for Gurkha regiments from 1815. The British quickly came to appreciate the Magars' qualities and they became an integral part of their <a href="/wiki/Brigade_of_Gurkhas" title="Brigade of Gurkhas">Gurkha Regiments</a>. </p><p>A number of Magars have distinguished themselves in military service under Nepali, British and Indian military. During <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Nepalese_War" title="Anglo-Nepalese War">Anglo-Nepalese War</a> (1814–16), the Magar Unit/Paltan of <a href="/wiki/Nepali_Army" title="Nepali Army">Nepali Army</a>, Purano Gorakh Battalion,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> valiantly fought the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nalapani" title="Battle of Nalapani">Battle of Nalapani</a>. Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/Sher_Jung_Thapa" title="Sher Jung Thapa">Sher Jung Thapa Magar</a> received <a href="/wiki/Mahavir_Chakra" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahavir Chakra">Mahavir Chakra</a> and Lieutenant Colonel <a href="/wiki/Dhan_Singh_Thapa" title="Dhan Singh Thapa">Dhan Singh Thapa Magar</a> won <a href="/wiki/Paramvir_Chakra" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramvir Chakra">Paramvir Chakra</a>, the highest gallantry award, while serving Indian Army. Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Dipprasad_Pun" title="Dipprasad Pun">Dipprasad Pun Magar</a>, a Nepalese Sergeant of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Gurkha_Rifles" title="Royal Gurkha Rifles">Royal Gurkha Rifles (British Army)</a>, was the first Nepali winner of the <a href="/wiki/Conspicuous_Gallantry_Cross" title="Conspicuous Gallantry Cross">Conspicuous Gallantry Cross</a> for his valor in <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">Afghanistan</a> in 2010. In the two <a href="/wiki/World_war" title="World war">World Wars</a>, a total of 5 <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">Victoria Cross</a> (out of 13 VCs awarded to <a href="/wiki/Gurkha" title="Gurkha">Gurkhas</a>) were awarded to the Magars:<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>First World War: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">VC</a> Rifleman <a href="/wiki/Kulbir_Thapa" title="Kulbir Thapa">Kulbir Thapa Magar</a> was the first Gurkha to win <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">Victoria Cross</a> in recognition of his valor and bravery. He was from <a href="/wiki/Palpa_District" title="Palpa District">Palpa</a>. He served in 2/3 Gurkha Regiment (GR). He received Victoria Cross in France in 1915.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">VC</a> Rifleman <a href="/wiki/Karanbahadur_Rana" title="Karanbahadur Rana">Karanbahadur Rana Magar</a> , <a href="/wiki/Bharse" title="Bharse">Bharse</a> <a href="/wiki/Gulmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulmi">Gulmi</a> was from 2/3 GR. He was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">Victoria Cross</a> for valour on 10 Apr 1917 at El Kafr in Palestine.</li></ul></li> <li>Second World War: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">VC</a> Subedar <a href="/wiki/Lalbahadur_Thapa" title="Lalbahadur Thapa">Lalbahadur Thapa Magar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal_Tara" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepal Tara">Nepal Tara</a><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was from 2nd GR. He was from <a href="/wiki/Baglung" title="Baglung">Sumsa Baglung</a>. He received <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">Victoria Cross</a> in Tunisia in 1943.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">VC</a> Honorary Lieutenant <a href="/wiki/Tul_Bahadur_Pun" title="Tul Bahadur Pun">Tul Bahadur Pun Magar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myagdi_District" title="Myagdi District">Myagdi</a> was from 6th GR. He received <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">Victoria Cross</a> in Burma in 1944.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">VC</a> Subedar <a href="/wiki/Netrabahadur_Thapa" title="Netrabahadur Thapa">Netrabahadur Thapa Magar</a>, was from 5th GR. He was from Raghu <a href="/wiki/Bhimad" title="Bhimad">Bhimad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanahun_District" title="Tanahun District">Tanahun</a>. He received <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">Victoria Cross</a> in Burma in 1944.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rana_Bahadur_Shah.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Rana_Bahadur_Shah.jpg/220px-Rana_Bahadur_Shah.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Rana_Bahadur_Shah.jpg/330px-Rana_Bahadur_Shah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Rana_Bahadur_Shah.jpg/440px-Rana_Bahadur_Shah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rana_Bahadur_Shah" title="Rana Bahadur Shah">Rana Bahadur Shah</a> (1777-1799), King of Nepal, <a href="/wiki/Sarbajit_Rana" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarbajit Rana">Kaji Sarbajit Rana Magar</a> was made a <a href="/wiki/Kaji_(Nepal)" title="Kaji (Nepal)">Kaji</a> in his kingship</figcaption></figure> <p>Magars since the formation of Nepali state had been in a very influential role in the Nepali government until the <a href="/wiki/Kot_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Kot Massacre">Kot Massacre</a>. During the time of <a href="/wiki/Prithvi_Narayan_Shah" title="Prithvi Narayan Shah">King Prithvi Narayan Shah</a> and thereafter, Magars were one of the six <a href="/wiki/Courtiers" class="mw-redirect" title="Courtiers">courtiers</a> of Kings. Nepali military historian Brigadier General (retired) Dr Prem Singh Basnyat also confirm the high government positions held by the Magars notably <a href="/wiki/Biraj_Thapa_Magar" title="Biraj Thapa Magar">Biraj Thapa Magar</a>, Kaji <a href="/wiki/Jayant_Rana" title="Jayant Rana">Jayant Rana Magar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaji_(Nepal)" title="Kaji (Nepal)">Kaji</a> Bandhu Rana Magar,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kaji <a href="/wiki/Sarbajit_Rana_Magar" title="Sarbajit Rana Magar">Sarbajit Rana Magar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abhiman_Singh_Rana_Magar" title="Abhiman Singh Rana Magar">Abhiman Singh Rana Magar</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Rana_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Rana Dynasty">Rana Dynasty</a>, Magars almost had nil representation in any government positions, which can be considered the darkest time. </p><p>Under the leadership of minister <a href="/wiki/Giri_Prasad_Burathoki" title="Giri Prasad Burathoki">Giri Prasad Burathoki Magar</a>, the first ever Magar Convention was held in <a href="/wiki/Bharse" title="Bharse">Bharse</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gulmi_District" title="Gulmi District">Gulmi District</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/Magarat" title="Magarat">12 Magarat</a> in 1957. The objective of the conference was to sensitize the Magars to come forward in the national spectrum.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later Magar political and social organisations included <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nepal_Langhali_Pariwar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nepal Langhali Pariwar (page does not exist)">Nepal Langhali Pariwar</a> (1972), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nepal_Langhali_Pariwar_Sang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nepal Langhali Pariwar Sang (page does not exist)">Nepal Langhali Pariwar Sang</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Langhali_Pariwar_Sangh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langhali Pariwar Sangh (page does not exist)">Langhali Pariwar Sangh</a>. </p><p>Nepal Magar Association is an un-biased and non-profit organization of Magar indigenous people. It is a common representative organization of all the Magar indigenous people of Nepal and is committed to the preservation and promotion of Magar language and culture; the upliftment of the social-economic and the overall educational condition of the Magar people.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Magars">Notable Magars</h2></div> <ul><li>Saint Lakhan Thapa (17th century), a spiritually famed associate and adviser to King <a href="/wiki/Ram_Shah" title="Ram Shah">Ram Shah</a> and the first Priest of <a href="/wiki/Manakamana_Temple" title="Manakamana Temple">Manakamana Temple</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaji_Biraj_Thapa_Magar_of_Gorkha" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaji Biraj Thapa Magar of Gorkha">Kaji Biraj Thapa Magar of Gorkha</a>, the '<a href="/wiki/King_Maker" class="mw-redirect" title="King Maker">King Maker</a>'. From the list of people with title <a href="/wiki/Kaji_(Nepal)" title="Kaji (Nepal)">Kaji</a>.</li> <li>Kaji <a href="/wiki/Biraj_Thapa_Magar" title="Biraj Thapa Magar">Biraj Thapa Magar</a>, the first Chief of Gorkhali Army, 18th century.</li> <li>Kaji <a href="/wiki/Jayant_Rana" title="Jayant Rana">Jayant Rana Magar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kaji_(Nepal)" title="Kaji (Nepal)">Kaji</a> of Gorkha and Kantipur) who commanded one battle for Gorkha and two battles for Kantipur against the invasion of Nuwakot.</li> <li>Kaji <a href="/wiki/Sarbajit_Rana_Magar" title="Sarbajit Rana Magar">Sarbajit Rana Magar</a>, Nepalese Army Chief and prominent politician, 18th century.</li> <li>Martyr <a href="/wiki/Lakhan_Thapa_Magar" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakhan Thapa Magar">Lakhan Thapa Magar</a> (19th century), the first martyr of Nepal.</li> <li>Kaji <a href="/wiki/Abhiman_Singh_Rana_Magar" title="Abhiman Singh Rana Magar">Abhiman Singh Rana Magar</a>, Nepalese Army Chief, 19th century. He was the first victim of <a href="/wiki/Kot_massacre" title="Kot massacre">Kot massacre</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Mitrasen_Thapa" class="mw-redirect" title="Master Mitrasen Thapa">Master Mitrasen Thapa</a>, famous Nepali folk singer, social worker, resident of <a href="/wiki/Bhagsu" title="Bhagsu">Bhagsu</a>/Dharmasala, (India).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giri_Prasad_Burathoki" title="Giri Prasad Burathoki">Giri Prasad Burathoki</a>, only Bada Hakim from Magars, Defense Minister, Honorary Major General of Nepalese Army.</li> <li>Late Professor Jagat Bahadur Singh Burathokey, Father of Geography of Nepal.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayan_Singh_Pun" title="Narayan Singh Pun">Narayan Singh Pun</a>, a former minister in Nepal, pilot and <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel" title="Lieutenant colonel">lieutenant colonel</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Nepal_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Nepal Army">Royal Nepal Army</a>. Also founding president of <a href="/wiki/Nepal_Samata_Party" title="Nepal Samata Party">Nepal Samata Party</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaram_Gharti_Magar" title="Balaram Gharti Magar">Balaram Gharti Magar</a>, held different ministries for 11 times including Defense Minister of Nepal Government.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gore_Bahadur_Khapangi" title="Gore Bahadur Khapangi">Gore Bahadur Khapangi</a>, former minister and founding leader of <a href="/wiki/Prajatantrik_Janamukti_Party" title="Prajatantrik Janamukti Party">Prajatantrik Janamukti Party</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rom_Bahadur_Thapa" title="Rom Bahadur Thapa">Rom Bahadur Thapa</a>, First Inspector General of Nepal Police from Magar ethnic group.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onsari_Gharti_Magar" title="Onsari Gharti Magar">Onsari Gharti Magar</a>, the first female speaker of Parliament of Nepal.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Bahadur_Thapa" title="Ram Bahadur Thapa">Ram Bahadur Thapa</a> Badal, Home minister of Nepal, leader Nepal Communist Party.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barsaman_Pun" title="Barsaman Pun">Barsaman Pun</a>, First finance minister of Nepal from Magar community. He is from Rolpa district.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanda_Bahadur_Pun" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanda Bahadur Pun">Nanda Bahadur Pun</a>, First vice president of federal republic Nepal, former chief commander of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_(Nepal)" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Liberation Army (Nepal)">People's Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tham_Maya_Thapa" title="Tham Maya Thapa">Tham Maya Thapa</a>, Women and Children Minister.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Kumari_Jhakri" title="Ram Kumari Jhakri">Ram Kumari Jhakri</a>, a Nepalese politician, member of parliament and former president of All Nepal National Free Students Union (ANNFSU).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuber_Singh_Rana" title="Kuber Singh Rana">Kuber Singh Rana</a>, Ex IGP Chief of Nepal Police from Palpa.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahabir_Pun" title="Mahabir Pun">Mahabir Pun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ramon_Magsaysay_Award" title="Ramon Magsaysay Award">Magsaysay Award</a> winner for extending wireless technologies in rural parts of Nepal.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipprasad_Pun" title="Dipprasad Pun">Dipprasad Pun</a>, Conspicuous Gallantry Cross Winner During <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">War in Afghanistan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tul_Bahadur_Pun" title="Tul Bahadur Pun">Tul Bahadur Pun</a>, Honorary Lieutenant <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">Victoria Cross</a> Winner. Grandfather Of <a href="/wiki/Dipprasad_Pun" title="Dipprasad Pun">Dipprasad Pun</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arun_Thapa" title="Arun Thapa">Arun Thapa</a>, popular Nepali singer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teriya_Magar" title="Teriya Magar">Teriya Magar</a>, Nepali dancer, winner of Dance India Dance Little Masters 2014</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirmal_Purja" title="Nirmal Purja">Nirmal Purja</a>, famous mountaineer and Ex-British Gurkha soldier, (SBS) <a href="/wiki/Special_forces" title="Special forces">special forces</a> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a>, numerous Guinness World Records holder in mountaineering.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laure_(Nepalese_rapper)" title="Laure (Nepalese rapper)">Laure (Nepalese rapper) Ashish Rana Magar</a>, a Nepalese rapper, actor and Television personality popularly known by his stage name – "Laure".</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.olympic.org/pramila-thapa">Pramila Thapa</a>, Taekwondo competitor in the 1992 Barcelona Olympics, black belt world champion and 10th degree black belt.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prem_Bahadur_Ale" class="mw-redirect" title="Prem Bahadur Ale">Prem Bahadur Ale</a>, ex-minister of Forest and Environment. Minister of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As per <a href="/wiki/Francis_Buchanan-Hamilton" title="Francis Buchanan-Hamilton">Francis Buchanan-Hamilton</a>, Sadhu Ram Upadhyaya was a <a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmin</a> belonging to the family of hereditary <a href="/wiki/Purohit" class="mw-redirect" title="Purohit">Purohits</a> (royal priests) of Kingdom of Palpa.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton18194_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton18194-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNational_Statistics_Office2021" class="citation report cs1">National Statistics Office (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/downloads/caste-ethnicity">National Population and Housing Census 2021, Caste/Ethnicity Report</a>. <i>Government of Nepal</i> (Report).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=National+Population+and+Housing+Census+2021%2C+Caste%2FEthnicity+Report&rft.date=2021&rft.au=National+Statistics+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusnepal.cbs.gov.np%2Fresults%2Fdownloads%2Fcaste-ethnicity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mgp-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mgp_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/mgp/">"Magar, Eastern"</a>. Ethnologue<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Magar%2C+Eastern&rft.pub=Ethnologue&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2F18%2Flanguage%2Fmgp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070318061151/http://www.global12project.com/2004/profiles/p_code2/974.html">"The Eastern Magar of Nepal"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.global12project.com/2004/profiles/p_code2/974.html">the original</a> on 2007-03-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Eastern+Magar+of+Nepal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.global12project.com%2F2004%2Fprofiles%2Fp_code2%2F974.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagars" class="Z3988"></span> Note: In Nepal 788,530 are Magar speakers.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mgp1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mgp1_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nepal.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Population%20Monograph%20V02.pdf">"go to page 55 for detail data of Hinduism among various ethnicities in Nepal"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=go+to+page+55+for+detail+data+of+Hinduism+among+various+ethnicities+in+Nepal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnepal.unfpa.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpub-pdf%2FPopulation%2520Monograph%2520V02.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Statistics_Office2021" class="citation report cs1">National Statistics Office (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/downloads/caste-ethnicity">National Population and Housing Census 2021, Caste/Ethnicity Report</a>. <i>Government of Nepal</i> (Report).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=National+Population+and+Housing+Census+2021%2C+Caste%2FEthnicity+Report&rft.date=2021&rft.au=National+Statistics+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusnepal.cbs.gov.np%2Fresults%2Fdownloads%2Fcaste-ethnicity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_6-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3xngAAAAMAAJ&q=magars&pg=RA1-PA229"><i>Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal</i></a>. Bishop's College Press. 1895.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journal+of+the+Asiatic+Society+of+Bengal&rft.pub=Bishop%27s+College+Press&rft.date=1895&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3xngAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dmagars%26pg%3DRA1-PA229&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaidyaMānandharaJoshi1993" class="citation book cs1">Vaidya, Tulasī Rāma; Mānandhara, Triratna; Joshi, Shankar Lal (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sF5uAAAAMAAJ&q=magarat"><i>Social history of Nepal</i></a>. Anmol Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8170417996" title="Special:BookSources/978-8170417996"><bdi>978-8170417996</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social+history+of+Nepal&rft.pub=Anmol+Publications&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-8170417996&rft.aulast=Vaidya&rft.aufirst=Tulas%C4%AB+R%C4%81ma&rft.au=M%C4%81nandhara%2C+Triratna&rft.au=Joshi%2C+Shankar+Lal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsF5uAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dmagarat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/upLoads/2018/12/Volume05Part02.pdf">2011 Nepal Census, District Level Detail Report</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vir1988-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vir1988_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDharam_Vir1988" class="citation book cs1">Dharam Vir (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yEHODCDK-8kC&pg=PA56"><i>Education and Polity in Nepal: An Asian Experiment</i></a>. Northern Book Centre. pp. 56–57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8185119397" title="Special:BookSources/978-8185119397"><bdi>978-8185119397</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Education+and+Polity+in+Nepal%3A+An+Asian+Experiment&rft.pages=56-57&rft.pub=Northern+Book+Centre&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-8185119397&rft.au=Dharam+Vir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyEHODCDK-8kC%26pg%3DPA56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eden Vansittart. 1993 (reprint). <i>The Gurkhas</i>. New Delhi:Anmol Publications. p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pant and Sharma, The Two Earliest Copperplate Inscriptions from Nepal. p. 6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Northey, W. Brook & C. J. Morris. 1927. The Gurkhas Their Manners, Customs and Country. Delhi : Cosmo Publications. (122–125)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brian Hodgson and Captain T Smith also give this information. Eden Vansittart. 1993 reprint. <i>The Gurkhas</i>. p. 84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Devkota, Yadav.2076 BS. Itihas: Bahra Magaratmaa Shahi Katak. www.ekantipur.com/koseli/2019/09/14/156843133295239647.html</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dor_Bahadur_Bista_1972._p._62-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dor_Bahadur_Bista_1972._p._62_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Dor_Bahadur_Bista" title="Dor Bahadur Bista">Dor Bahadur Bista</a>. 1972. <i>People of Nepal</i>. Kathmandu: Ratna Pustak Bhandar. p. 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehimalayantimes.com/sports/anish-thapa-magar-wins-crown-liglige-race-gorkha">"King Dalsur Ghale Magar of Liglig-Kot- The tradition of selecting the king"</a>. <i>Organising committee convenor, Purna Bahadur Rana</i>. 8 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Organising+committee+convenor%2C+Purna+Bahadur+Rana&rft.atitle=King+Dalsur+Ghale+Magar+of+Liglig-Kot-+The+tradition+of+selecting+the+king&rft.date=2016-10-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehimalayantimes.com%2Fsports%2Fanish-thapa-magar-wins-crown-liglige-race-gorkha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Devkota, Yadav. 2076/05/28 BS. ibid. www.ekantipur.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLecomte-Tilouine" class="citation journal cs1">Lecomte-Tilouine, Marie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/12163822">"The Enigmatic Pig: On Magar Participation in the State Rituals of Nepal, pp. 81–120 in M. Lecomte-Tilouine: Hindu Kingship, Ethnic Revival and Maoist Rebellion in Nepal. Delhi: Oxford University Press, "Collected Essays", 2009, 294 p."</a> <i>Oxford University Press</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oxford+University+Press&rft.atitle=The+Enigmatic+Pig%3A+On+Magar+Participation+in+the+State+Rituals+of+Nepal%2C+pp.+81%E2%80%93120+in+M.+Lecomte-Tilouine%3A+Hindu+Kingship%2C+Ethnic+Revival+and+Maoist+Rebellion+in+Nepal.+Delhi%3A+Oxford+University+Press%2C+%22Collected+Essays%22%2C+2009%2C+294+p.&rft.aulast=Lecomte-Tilouine&rft.aufirst=Marie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F12163822&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeine2013" class="citation journal cs1">Beine, Dave (2013-08-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270128217">"An Investigative Look at Healthcare Beliefs and Practices During the Sen Dynasty"</a>. <i>Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology</i>. <b>6</b>: 61–74. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3126%2Fdsaj.v6i0.8479">10.3126/dsaj.v6i0.8479</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dhaulagiri+Journal+of+Sociology+and+Anthropology&rft.atitle=An+Investigative+Look+at+Healthcare+Beliefs+and+Practices+During+the+Sen+Dynasty&rft.volume=6&rft.pages=61-74&rft.date=2013-08-25&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3126%2Fdsaj.v6i0.8479&rft.aulast=Beine&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F270128217&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton18194-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton18194_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHamilton1819">Hamilton 1819</a>, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton181926-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton181926_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHamilton1819">Hamilton 1819</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1819240-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1819240_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHamilton1819">Hamilton 1819</a>, p. 240.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tek Bahadur Shrestha. 2003. Parvat Rajyako Aitihasik Ruprekha. Kirtipur: T.U.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dr Swami Prapannacharya. (1994–95) Ancient Kirant History. Varanasi: Kirateshwar Prakashan. p. 518.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hark Gurung, Iman Singh Chemjong, B.K. Rana, Prof. Raja Ram Subedi, Prof. Jagadish Chandra Regmi etc. support the conclusion of Aramudi being the king of Kali Gandaki Region.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mahesh Chaudhary. 2007. "Nepalko Terai tatha Yeska Bhumiputraharu". p. 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tek Bahadur Shrestha. Op. cit.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhelpton2005" class="citation book cs1">Whelpton, John (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KoNT6tjk9mQC&q=lecomte-tilouine&pg=PR19"><i>A History of Nepal</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521804707" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521804707"><bdi>978-0521804707</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Nepal&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0521804707&rft.aulast=Whelpton&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKoNT6tjk9mQC%26q%3Dlecomte-tilouine%26pg%3DPR19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Devkota. ibid.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pradhan, Kumar. Ek Prahar. p. 6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Devkota. ibid.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ghimire, Bishnu Prasad. Palpa Rajyako Itihas. Part 2. p. 15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:4_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChemjong2014" class="citation book cs1">Chemjong, Imanshing (2014-04-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_7M9AwAAQBAJ&q=what+are+rana+magars+divided+into&pg=PT76"><i>Kirat History and Culture</i></a>. Amar Nembang.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kirat+History+and+Culture&rft.pub=Amar+Nembang&rft.date=2014-04-15&rft.aulast=Chemjong&rft.aufirst=Imanshing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_7M9AwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dwhat%2Bare%2Brana%2Bmagars%2Bdivided%2Binto%26pg%3DPT76&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh1997" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Nagendra Kr (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Aaog6bnQlNYC&q=sallian+nepal&pg=PA43"><i>Nepal: Refugee to Ruler : a Militant Race of Nepal</i></a>. APH Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8170248477" title="Special:BookSources/978-8170248477"><bdi>978-8170248477</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nepal%3A+Refugee+to+Ruler+%3A+a+Militant+Race+of+Nepal&rft.pub=APH+Publishing&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-8170248477&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Nagendra+Kr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAaog6bnQlNYC%26q%3Dsallian%2Bnepal%26pg%3DPA43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nepal.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Population%20Monograph%20V02.pdf">"Caste and ethnicities following Hinduism in 2011, go to page 55 for detailed data"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Nepali population monograph</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nepali+population+monograph&rft.atitle=Caste+and+ethnicities+following+Hinduism+in+2011%2C+go+to+page+55+for+detailed+data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnepal.unfpa.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpub-pdf%2FPopulation%2520Monograph%2520V02.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Devkota, ibid.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1996:66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">. 1996. "Bheja as a Cultural Strategic Cultural Convention. Community Resource Management in the Barha Maagarat." Occasional Papers in Sociology and Anthropology, Volume 5, Tribhuvan University.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dor Bahadur Bista. 1972. <i>People of Nepal</i>. Kathmandu: Ratna Pustak Bhandar. p. 664.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eden Vansittart. 1993 (Reprint). <i>The Gurkhas</i>. New Delhi: Anmol Publications. p. 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rishikesh Shaha. 1975. p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Army Chiefs' Historical Record</i>. Army Museum. Chhauni, Kathmandu, Nepal.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dor Bahadur Bista. 1972. p. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tony Hagen. 1970. <i>Nepal the Kingdom in the Himalayas</i>. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. p. 84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pant, Mahesh Raj (1978). "The Battle of Nalapani" Regmi Research Series. Kathmandu. 10 (11, 12): 167–70, 187–94. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0034-348X">0034-348X</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Y.M. Bammi. 2009. <i>Gorkhas of the Indian Army</i>. New Delhi: Life Span Publishers & Distributors. p. 93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pradeep Thapa Magar. 2000. <i>Veer Haruka pani Veer Mahaveer</i>. p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.himalkhabar.com/news/115409">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'एकीकरणपछि लिम्बूहरूलाई फकाउन गोर्खाली भारदारले मीत लगाए'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%BF+%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88+%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4+%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.himalkhabar.com%2Fnews%2F115409&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">B. K. Rana – Sanchhipta Magar Itihas 2003 – p. 82</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200204201501/https://net.ichcap.org/nepal-magar-association/">"Nepal Magar Association – ichcap online community"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://net.ichcap.org/nepal-magar-association/">the original</a> on 2020-02-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nepal+Magar+Association+%E2%80%93+ichcap+online+community&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnet.ichcap.org%2Fnepal-magar-association%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <ul><li>Acharya, Baburam, <i>Nepalako Samkshipta Itihasa</i> (A short history of Nepal), edited by Devi Prasad Bhandari, Purnima No. 48, Chaitra 2037 (March–April 1981), Chapter VII: <i>Pachhillo Licchavi Rajya</i>, (I. Sam. 642–880 Am.)</li> <li>Aryal, Jibnarayan. (2058BS). <i>Dr Harsha Bahadur Buda Magar: Bigat ra Bartaman. </i>Lalitpur: Dr Harsha Bahadur Budha Magar.</li> <li>Bajracharya, Dhanabajra. (2064 BS). <i>Gopalraj Vanshawali Aitihasik Vivechana</i>. Kirtipur: T.U.</li> <li>Bammi, Y.M. (2009). <i>Gurkhas of the Indian Army</i>. New Delhi: Life Span Publishers & Distributors.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prithivi_Nath_Kaul_Bamzai" title="Prithivi Nath Kaul Bamzai">Bamzai, P. N. K.</a> (1994). <i>Culture and Political History of Kashmir. Vol 1. Ancient Kashmir</i>. New Delhi: MD Publications Pvt Ltd.</li> <li>Bista, Dor Bahadur. (1972). <i>People of Nepal</i>. Kathmandu: <a href="/wiki/Ratna_Pustak_Bhandar" title="Ratna Pustak Bhandar">Ratna Pustak Bhandar</a>.</li> <li>Budha Magar, Harsha Bahadur. (1992)<i>Kirat Vansha ra Magar haru</i>. Kathmandu: Unnati Bohora.</li> <li>Cross, J.P. (1986). <i>In Gurkhas Company</i>. London: Arms & Armour Press Ltd.</li> <li>Gharti Magar, Balaram. (1999). <i>Roots</i>. Taranath Sharma (Tr.). Lalitpur: Balaram Gharti Magar.</li> <li>Hagen, Tony. (1970). <i>Nepal the Kingdom in the Himalayas</i>. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Publishing Co.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamilton1819" class="citation cs2">Hamilton, Francis Buchanan (1819), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=67gWAAAAQAAJ"><i>An Account of the Kingdom of Nepal, and the Territories Annexed to this Dominion by the House of Gorkha</i></a>, A Constable</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Account+of+the+Kingdom+of+Nepal%2C+and+the+Territories+Annexed+to+this+Dominion+by+the+House+of+Gorkha&rft.pub=A+Constable&rft.date=1819&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=Francis+Buchanan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D67gWAAAAQAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagars" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Ministry of Defence. (1965). <i>Nepal and the Gurkhas</i>. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.</li> <li>Nepal, Gyanmani. (2040BS). <i>Nepal Nirukta</i>. Kathmandu: Nepal Rajakiya Pragyapratisthan.</li> <li>Northey, W. Brook & C. J. Morris. (1927). <i>The Gurkhas Their Manners, Customs and Country</i>. Delhi : Cosmo Publications.</li> <li>Palsokar, R.D. (1991). <i>History of the 5th Gorkha Rifles (Frontier Force)</i>, Vol III. 1858 to 1991. Shillong: The Commandant, 58 Gorkha Training Centre.</li> <li>Rana, B. K. (2003). <i>Sanchhipta Magar Itihas</i> (A Concise Hiostroy of Magars)</li> <li>Shaha, Rishikesh. (1975). <i>An Introduction of Nepal</i>. Kathmandu: Ratna Pustak Bhandar.</li> <li>Stein, M.A. (2007). <i>Kalhana's Rajatarangini: A Chronicles of Kings of Kashmir</i>. Vol I, II, & III (Reprint). Srinagar: Gulshan Books.</li> <li>Sufi, G.M.D. (1974). <i>Kashir a History of Kashmir. Vol 1</i>. New Delhi: Light & Life Publishers.</li> <li>Thapa Magar, Pradeep. (2000). <i>Bir Haruka pani Bir Mahavir</i>. Kathmandu: Bhaktabir Thapa Magar.</li> <li>Vansittart, Eden. (1993)(reprint). <i>The Gurkhas</i>. New Delhi: Anmol Publications.</li> <li>Pramod Thapa (Chief engineer at Dell international Services)</li> <li>An account Kingdom of Nepal Frances Hamilton, Rishikesh Shah,</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output 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class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/32px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/48px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/64px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/mgp" class="extiw" title="incubator:Wp/mgp">Magars test</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> at <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Incubator" class="extiw" title="meta:Wikimedia Incubator">Wikimedia Incubator</a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.magarsangh.org.np/">Nepal Magar Association, Central Committee, Kathmandu Nepal.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://magarstudiescenter.wordpress.com/">Magar Studies Center</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.magaracademy.org.np/">Magar Academic Group</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://linguistgeek.wixsite.com/themagarlanguage">The Magar language – Linguistics research – Folktales in Magar (Western) – Nepal</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Nepal" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Nepal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_Nepal" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in Nepal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Nepal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in Nepal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_Nepal_by_language_family" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Nepal" title="Ethnic groups in Nepal">Ethnic groups in Nepal</a> by <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Nepal" title="Languages of Nepal">language family</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a><br />(Trans-Himalayan)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibetic_languages" title="Tibetic languages">Tibetic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand_Bhotiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Uttarakhand Bhotiya">Darchula Bhotiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhotiya" title="Bhotiya">Bhotiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherpa_people" title="Sherpa people">Sherpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyolmo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyolmo people">Hyolmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jirel" class="mw-redirect" title="Jirel">Jirel</a></li> <li>Nepalese <a href="/wiki/Central_Tibetan_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Tibetan languages">Central Tibetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9C-Tsang" title="Ü-Tsang">Central Tibetans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Muslims" title="Tibetan Muslims">Kachee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kiranti_languages" title="Kiranti languages">Kiranti</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Western Rai <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahing" title="Bahing">Bahing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunuwar_people" title="Sunuwar people">Sunuwar</a> Koich</li></ul></li> <li>Central Rai <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rai_people" title="Rai people">Khambu Rai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kulung_people" title="Kulung people">Kulung</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantawa_rai" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantawa rai">Bantawa</a></li></ul></li> <li>Eastern Rai <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lohorung_people" title="Lohorung people">Lohorung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakkha_people" title="Yakkha people">Yakkha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_people" title="Limbu people">Limbu (Yakthung)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tamangic_languages" title="Tamangic languages">Tamangic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chhantyal" title="Chhantyal">Chhantyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurung_people" title="Gurung people">Gurung</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gurung_people" title="Gurung people">Tamu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manang_language" title="Manang language">Manange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghale_languages" title="Ghale languages">Ghale</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamang_people" title="Tamang people">Tamang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lama_clan_(Tamang)" title="Lama clan (Tamang)">Lama clan (Tamang)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thakali_people" title="Thakali people">Thakali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaike_language" title="Kaike language">Kaike</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Magar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li>Newaric <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newar_people" title="Newar people">Newar</a></li> <li>Newar Muslim</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thami" title="Thami">Thangmi</a> Kham</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baram_language" title="Baram language">Baram</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Magar</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dhut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kham_Magar" title="Kham Magar">Kham/Pang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chepang_people" title="Chepang people">Chepang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhujel" title="Bhujel">Bhujel</a></li> <li>Raji–Raute <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raji_people" title="Raji people">Raji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raute_people" title="Raute people">Raute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawat_language" title="Rawat language">Rawat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dura_language" title="Dura language">Dura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_people" title="Lepcha people">Lepcha (Rong)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhimal" title="Dhimal">Dhimal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pahari_people_(Nepal)" title="Pahari people (Nepal)">Pahari</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Khas_people" title="Khas people">Khas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jumli_language" title="Jumli language">Jumli</a>-<a href="/wiki/Jumla_District" title="Jumla District">speakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palpa_language_(Indo-Aryan)" title="Palpa language (Indo-Aryan)">Palpali</a>-<a href="/wiki/Palpa_District" title="Palpa District">speakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorkha_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorkha language">Gorkhali</a>-<a href="/wiki/Gorkha_District" title="Gorkha District">speakers</a> (standard Nepali dialect)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumauni_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumauni people">Kumaunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiris" title="Kashmiris">Kashmiris</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Madheshi_people" title="Madheshi people">Madheshi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maithali" class="mw-redirect" title="Maithali">Maithil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maithil_Brahmin" title="Maithil Brahmin">Maithil Brahmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yadav" title="Yadav">Yadav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayastha" title="Kayastha">Kayastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhanuk" title="Dhanuk">Dhanuk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majhi_language" title="Majhi language">Eastern Majhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajjika" title="Bajjika">Bajji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malla_(Nepal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Malla (Nepal)">Malla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajdhoves" title="Rajdhoves">Anga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Newar_people" title="Newar people">Newars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>Over 25 distinct castes, major being <a href="/wiki/Shresthas" title="Shresthas">Shresthas</a>, Chathariya, <a href="/wiki/Jyapu" class="mw-redirect" title="Jyapu">Jyapu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vajracharya" title="Vajracharya">Vajracharya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rajopadhyaya" title="Rajopadhyaya">Rajopadhyaya Brahmins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chitrakar" title="Chitrakar">Chitrakar</a>, Khadgi, Manandhar, <a href="/wiki/Dhobi" title="Dhobi">Dhobi</a>, Pode, <a href="/wiki/Ranjitkar" title="Ranjitkar">Ranjitkar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mali_caste" title="Mali caste">Mali</a>, etc.</li></ul></li> <li>Newar Muslim</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_people_of_Indian_ancestry" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepalese people of Indian ancestry">Indian Madheshi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maithil" class="mw-redirect" title="Maithil">Indian Maithil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biharis" title="Biharis">Bihari</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_people" title="Bhojpuri people">Bhojpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajjika" title="Bajjika">Bajjika</a></li> <li>etc.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awadhi_people" title="Awadhi people">Awadhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madheshi_people" title="Madheshi people">other Madheshi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">U</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kumal_people" title="Kumal people">Kumal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patharkat" title="Patharkat">Kushbadiya (Guhari)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepali_Muslims#Miyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepali Muslims">Miyan</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indo-Aryan<br /><small>of a <a href="/wiki/Substratum_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Substratum (linguistics)">distinct origin</a></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Danwar_language" title="Danwar language">Danuar</a> Rai</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bote-Darai_language" title="Bote-Darai language">Bote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bote-Darai_language" title="Bote-Darai language">Western Majhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bote-Darai_language" title="Bote-Darai language">Darai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tharu_people" title="Tharu people">Tharu</a></li> <li>Hill <a href="/wiki/Kharia_people" title="Kharia people">Khadiya/Bankariya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajbanshi_people" title="Rajbanshi people">Rajbanshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kisan_people" title="Kisan people">Kisan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sadri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadri language">Oraon Sadri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patharkat" title="Patharkat">Kushbadiya (Guhari)</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other peoples (<a href="/wiki/Munda_languages" title="Munda languages">M</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dravidian_peoples" title="Dravidian peoples">D</a>, <a href="/wiki/Language_isolate" title="Language isolate">i</a>)<br /><small>of <a href="/wiki/Indo-Gangetic_Plain" title="Indo-Gangetic Plain">Indus-Ganga</a></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kusunda_people" title="Kusunda people">Kusunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munda_people" title="Munda people">Munda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santhal_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Santhal people">Satar</a></li> <li>Dudh and Dhelki <a href="/wiki/Kharia_people" title="Kharia people">Khadiya/Bankariya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurukh_people" title="Kurukh people">Jangad/Dhangad/Uraun</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kisan_people" title="Kisan people">Kisan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immigrants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Nepal" title="Koreans in Nepal">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipinos_in_Nepal" title="Filipinos in Nepal">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russians_in_Nepal" title="Russians in Nepal">Russian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other basis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Nepal" title="Geography of Nepal">geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Mountain people (<a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a>/<a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">Animism</a>)</li> <li>Hill people (Eastern <a href="/wiki/Pahari_people_(Nepal)" title="Pahari people (Nepal)">Paharis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Newars" class="mw-redirect" title="Newars">Newars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirati_people" title="Kirati people">Kirati</a> (East, mostly <a href="/wiki/Mundhum" title="Mundhum">Mundhum</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terai" title="Terai">Terai</a> (<a href="/wiki/Madheshi_people" title="Madheshi people">Madheshi</a>, Tharu, Danuwar and Dhimal) (Lowland)</li> <li>Western Nepal (<a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> dominant)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepali_Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepali Muslim">Nepali Muslim</a> (South)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By law</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adivasi" title="Adivasi">Janajati</a> <ul><li>Madheshi Janajati</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Misc</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adivasi" title="Adivasi">Adivasi</a></li> <li>Simantakrit</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/Caste_system_in_Nepal" title="Caste system in Nepal">caste</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chhetri" title="Chhetri">Kshetri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahun" title="Bahun">Bahun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thakuri" title="Thakuri">Thakuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajopadhyaya" title="Rajopadhyaya">Rajopadhyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shresthas" title="Shresthas">Shresthas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyapu" class="mw-redirect" title="Jyapu">Jyapu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajracharya" title="Vajracharya">Vajracharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulami" title="Pulami">Pulami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kami_(caste)" title="Kami (caste)">Kami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damai" title="Damai">Damai/Dholi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajdhoves" title="Rajdhoves">Rajdhoves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarki_(ethnic_group)" title="Sarki (ethnic group)">Sarki</a></li> <li>Unspecified <a href="/wiki/Dalit" title="Dalit">Dalit</a></li> <li>Kalwar</li> <li>Dhobi</li> <li>Mali</li> <li>Gaine/<a href="/wiki/Gandarbha" title="Gandarbha">Gandarbha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/13px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" 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