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air</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: primary air"> <meta name="keywords" content="primary air"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="primary air"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 4540</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: primary air</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4540</span> Gender Differences in Attitudes to Technology in Primary Education</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radek%20Novotn%C3%BD">Radek Novotný</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martina%20Man%C4%9Bnov%C3%A1"> Martina Maněnová</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article presents a summary of reviews on gender differences in perception of information and communication technology (ICT) by pupils in primary education. The article outlines the meaning of ICT in primary education then summarizes different studies of the use of ICT in primary education from the point of view of gender. The article also presents the specific differences of gender in the knowledge of modalities of use of specialized digital tools and the perception and value assigned to ICT, accordingly the article provides insight into the background of gender differences in performance in relation to ICT to determinate the complex meaning of pupils attitudes to the ICT. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICT%20in%20primary%20education" title="ICT in primary education">ICT in primary education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitudes%20to%20ICT" title=" attitudes to ICT"> attitudes to ICT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20differences" title=" gender differences"> gender differences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20and%20ICT" title=" gender and ICT"> gender and ICT</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60878/gender-differences-in-attitudes-to-technology-in-primary-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60878.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">485</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4539</span> On Consolidated Predictive Model of the Natural History of Breast Cancer Considering Primary Tumor and Primary Distant Metastases Growth</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ella%20Tyuryumina">Ella Tyuryumina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexey%20Neznanov"> Alexey Neznanov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Finding algorithms to predict the growth of tumors has piqued the interest of researchers ever since the early days of cancer research. A number of studies were carried out as an attempt to obtain reliable data on the natural history of breast cancer growth. Mathematical modeling can play a very important role in the prognosis of tumor process of breast cancer. However, mathematical models describe primary tumor growth and metastases growth separately. Consequently, we propose a mathematical growth model for primary tumor and primary metastases which may help to improve predicting accuracy of breast cancer progression using an original mathematical model referred to CoM-IV and corresponding software. We are interested in: 1) modelling the whole natural history of primary tumor and primary metastases; 2) developing adequate and precise CoM-IV which reflects relations between PT and MTS; 3) analyzing the CoM-IV scope of application; 4) implementing the model as a software tool. The CoM-IV is based on exponential tumor growth model and consists of a system of determinate nonlinear and linear equations; corresponds to TNM classification. It allows to calculate different growth periods of primary tumor and primary metastases: 1) ‘non-visible period’ for primary tumor; 2) ‘non-visible period’ for primary metastases; 3) ‘visible period’ for primary metastases. The new predictive tool: 1) is a solid foundation to develop future studies of breast cancer models; 2) does not require any expensive diagnostic tests; 3) is the first predictor which makes forecast using only current patient data, the others are based on the additional statistical data. Thus, the CoM-IV model and predictive software: a) detect different growth periods of primary tumor and primary metastases; b) make forecast of the period of primary metastases appearance; c) have higher average prediction accuracy than the other tools; d) can improve forecasts on survival of BC and facilitate optimization of diagnostic tests. The following are calculated by CoM-IV: the number of doublings for ‘nonvisible’ and ‘visible’ growth period of primary metastases; tumor volume doubling time (days) for ‘nonvisible’ and ‘visible’ growth period of primary metastases. The CoM-IV enables, for the first time, to predict the whole natural history of primary tumor and primary metastases growth on each stage (pT1, pT2, pT3, pT4) relying only on primary tumor sizes. Summarizing: a) CoM-IV describes correctly primary tumor and primary distant metastases growth of IV (T1-4N0-3M1) stage with (N1-3) or without regional metastases in lymph nodes (N0); b) facilitates the understanding of the appearance period and manifestation of primary metastases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20cancer" title="breast cancer">breast cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exponential%20growth%20model" title=" exponential growth model"> exponential growth model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20modelling" title=" mathematical modelling"> mathematical modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20metastases" title=" primary metastases"> primary metastases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20tumor" title=" primary tumor"> primary tumor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=survival" title=" survival"> survival</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65180/on-consolidated-predictive-model-of-the-natural-history-of-breast-cancer-considering-primary-tumor-and-primary-distant-metastases-growth" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65180.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">335</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4538</span> Some Investigations of Primary Slurry Used for Production of Ceramic Shells </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Balwinder%20Singh">Balwinder Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the current competitive environment, casting industry has several challenges such as production of intricate castings, near net shape castings, decrease lead-time from product design to production, improved casting quality and to control costs. The raw materials used to make ceramic shell play an important role in determining the overall final ceramic shell characteristics. In this work, primary slurries were formulated using various combinations of zircon flour, fused silica and aluminosilicate powders as filler, colloidal silica as binder along with wetting and antifoaming agents (Catalyst). Taguchi’s parameter design strategy has been applied to investigate the effect of primary slurry parameters on the viscosity of the slurry and primary coating of shell. The result reveals that primary coating with low viscosity slurry has produced a rough surface of the shell due to stucco penetration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ceramic%20shell" title="ceramic shell">ceramic shell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20slurry" title=" primary slurry"> primary slurry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filler" title=" filler"> filler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slurry%20viscosity" title=" slurry viscosity"> slurry viscosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20roughness" title=" surface roughness"> surface roughness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20390/some-investigations-of-primary-slurry-used-for-production-of-ceramic-shells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20390.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4537</span> English Reading Preferences among Primary Pupils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jezza%20Mae%20T.%20Francisco">Jezza Mae T. Francisco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marianet%20R.%20Delos%20Santos"> Marianet R. Delos Santos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Crisjame%20C.%20Toribio"> Crisjame C. Toribio</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to determine the reading preference for English enrichment and reading comprehension among primary students and the difference in the reading preference and comprehension for English enrichment among primary students. This study employed a Descriptive-Quantitative Correlational Research Design. This study yielded the following findings: (1) It reveals that primary students got fair on their reading comprehension, and (2) It shows that there is no significant relationship between the reading preference for English enrichment and reading comprehension of the students. It is safe to conclude that the students’ reading preference is growing evidently in various milieus. This can inform the English department curriculum planners to consider their students’ text preferences that interest them to maximize engagement within a dynamic interactive learning process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reading%20preferences" title="reading preferences">reading preferences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reading%20comprehension" title=" reading comprehension"> reading comprehension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20student" title=" primary student"> primary student</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20enrichment" title=" English enrichment"> English enrichment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153446/english-reading-preferences-among-primary-pupils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153446.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4536</span> Primary Care Physicians in Urgent Care Centres of the United Kingdom</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Ansari">Mohammad Ansari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Ismail"> Ahmed Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satinder%20Mann"> Satinder Mann</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Overcrowding in Emergency departments (ED) of United Kingdom has become a common problem. Urgent Care centres were developed nearly a decade ago to reduce pressure on EDs. Unfortunately, the development of Urgent Care centres has failed to produce the projected effects. It was thought that nearly 40% patients attending ED would go to Urgent Care centres and these would be staffed by Primary care Physicians. Data reveals that no more than 20% patients were seen by Primary Care Physicians even when the Urgent Care Centre was based in the ED. This study was carried out at the ED of George Eliot Hospital, Nuneaton, UK where the Urgent Care centre was based in the ED and employed Primary Care Physicians with special interest in trauma for nearly one year. This was then followed by a Primary Care Physician and Advanced Nurse Practitioner. We compared the number of patients seen during these periods and the cost-effectiveness of the service.We randomly selected a week of patients seen by Primary Care Physicians with special interest in Trauma and by Primary Care Physicians and the Advanced Nurse Practitioner. We compared the number and type of patients seen during these two periods. Nearly 38% patients were seen by Primary care Physician with special interest in Trauma, whilst only 14.3% patients were seen by the Primary care Physician and Advanced Nurse Practitioner. The Primary Care Physicians with special interest in trauma were paid less. Our study confirmed that unless Primary Care Physicians are able to treat minor trauma and interpret x-rays, the urgent care service is not going to be cost effective. Numerous previous studies have shown that 15 to 20% patients attending ED can be treated by Primary Care Physicians who do not require any investigations for their management. It is advantageous to have Urgent Care Centres within the ED because if the patient deteriorates they can be transferred to ED. We recommend that the Urgent care Centres should be a part of ED. Our study shows that Urgent care Centres in the ED can be helpful and cost effective if staffed by either senior Emergency Physicians or Primary Care Physicians with special interest and experience in the management of minor trauma. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urgent%20care%20centres" title="urgent care centres">urgent care centres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20care%20physician" title=" primary care physician"> primary care physician</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advanced%20nurse%20practitioner" title=" advanced nurse practitioner"> advanced nurse practitioner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trauma" title=" trauma"> trauma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67767/primary-care-physicians-in-urgent-care-centres-of-the-united-kingdom" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67767.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">427</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4535</span> E-Learning in Primary Science: Teachers versus Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Winnie%20Wing%20Mui%20So">Winnie Wing Mui So</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Chen"> Yu Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigated primary school teachers’ and students’ perceptions of science learning in an e-learning environment. This study used a multiple case study design and involved eight science teachers and their students from four Hong Kong primary schools. The science topics taught included ‘season and weather’ ‘force and movement’, ‘solar and lunar eclipse’ and ‘living things and habitats’. Data were collected through lesson observations, interviews with teachers, and interviews with students. Results revealed some differences between the teachers’ and the students’ perceptions regarding the usefulness of e-learning resources, the organization of student-centred activities, and the impact on engagement and interactions in lessons. The findings have implications for the more effective creation of e-learning environments for science teaching and learning in primary schools. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-learning" title="e-learning">e-learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=science%20education" title=" science education"> science education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher%27%20and%20students%27%20perceptions" title=" teacher' and students' perceptions"> teacher' and students' perceptions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20schools" title=" primary schools"> primary schools</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87105/e-learning-in-primary-science-teachers-versus-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87105.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4534</span> Education for Sustainable Development and Primary Education in China: A Case Study </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ronghui%20%28Kevin%29%20Zhou">Ronghui (Kevin) Zhou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research intends to explore the enactment of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), in term of the ESD concept, in primary schools in China, and investigate the factors that have positively or negatively impacted the outcome of ESD in urban primary schools in China. The proposed research question is: how is the ESD concept perceived and enacted by the local education stakeholders. This research is conducted in multiple primary schools in China and has questionnaired and interviewed multiple education stakeholders, including school principals, school teachers, and bureau from the municipal Ministry of Education. Factor analysis, regression analysis, and critical discourse analysis are adopted to interpret and analyze the data. The preliminary findings suggest that contested ESD definition, education system pressures, education policy enforcement, and power dynamics between stakeholders are the key factors that have determined to what degree is ESD enacted, and to what extent is ESD practiced in primary schools in China. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education%20for%20sustainable%20development" title="education for sustainable development">education for sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title=" China"> China</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20education" title=" primary education"> primary education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=case%20study" title=" case study"> case study</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125546/education-for-sustainable-development-and-primary-education-in-china-a-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125546.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4533</span> Relationship between Body Mass Composition and Primary Dysmenorrhoea</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Snehalata%20Tembhurne">Snehalata Tembhurne</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: A healthy menstrual cycle is a sign of women’s sound health.Various variables may influence the length and regularity of menstrual cycle.Studies have revealed that menstrual cycle abnormalities may be associated with psychological stress,lack of physical exercise, alteration in body composition,endocrine disturbances,higher estrogen levels as seen in obese females.Hence there is an urgent need to find out the relationship between variations in body mass composition(BMI & body fat%) with menstrual abnormalities like primary dysmenorrhoea. Aim: To find out the relationship between body mass composition and primary dysmenorrhea. Objectives: 1.To check whether there is any association between body mass index and primary dysmenorrhoea.2.To check whether there is any association between body fat percentage and primary dysmenorrhoea. NULL HYPOTHESES-There is no relationship between body mass composition and primary dysmenorrhea. Hypothesis: There exists a relationship between body mass composition and primary dysmenorrhea. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted over a period of 6 months with 90 samples selected on random basis. The procedure was explained to the participant and a written consent was taken thereafter. The participant was made to stand on the BODY COMPOSITION SCANNING MONITOR, which scanned the physical profile of the participant (height, weight, BMI, body fat percentage and visceral fat).Thereafter, the candidate was asked about her menstrual irregularities and was asked to grade her level of dysmenorrhoea (if present) using the Verbal Dimensional Dysmenorrhea Scale. Results: Chi square test of association was used to find out the association between body mass composition(body mass index,body fat percentage) and primary dysmenorrhea.The chi-square value for association between body mass index and primary dysmenorrhea was 38.63 p<0.001 which was statistically significant.The chi-square value for the association of body fat % & primary dysmenorrhea was 30.09,p<0.001which was statistically significant. Conclusion: Study shows that there exists a significant relationship between body mass composition and primary dysmenorrhea and as the value of Body mass index and body fat percentages goes on increasing in females, the severity of primary dysmenorrhea also increases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20mass%20index" title="body mass index">body mass index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20composition%20screening%20monitor" title=" body composition screening monitor"> body composition screening monitor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20dysmenorrhea" title=" primary dysmenorrhea"> primary dysmenorrhea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=verbal%20dimensional%20dysmenorrhea%20scale" title=" verbal dimensional dysmenorrhea scale"> verbal dimensional dysmenorrhea scale</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59337/relationship-between-body-mass-composition-and-primary-dysmenorrhoea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59337.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4532</span> The Multi-Sensory Teaching Practice for Primary Music Classroom in China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiao%20Liulingzi">Xiao Liulingzi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is important for using multi-sensory teaching in music learning. This article aims to provide knowledge in multi-sensory learning and teaching music in primary school. For primary school students, in addition to the training of basic knowledge and skills of music, students' sense of participation and creativity in music class are the key requirements, especially the flexibility and dynamics in music class, so that students can integrate into music and feel the music. The article explains the multi-sensory sense in music learning, the differences between multi-sensory music teaching and traditional music teaching, and music multi-sensory teaching in primary schools in China. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-sensory" title="multi-sensory">multi-sensory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20practice" title=" teaching practice"> teaching practice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20music%20classroom" title=" primary music classroom"> primary music classroom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title=" China"> China</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159646/the-multi-sensory-teaching-practice-for-primary-music-classroom-in-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159646.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4531</span> A Comparative Study on Primary Productivity in Fish Cage Culture Unit and Fish Pond in Relation to Different Level of Water Depth</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pawan%20Kumar%20Sharma">Pawan Kumar Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Stephan%20Sampath%20Kumar"> J. Stephan Sampath Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Manikandavelu"> D. Manikandavelu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Senthil%20Kumar"> V. Senthil Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The total amount of productivity in the system is the gross primary productivity. The present study was carried out to understand the relationship between productivity in the cages and water depth. The experiment was conducted in the fish cages installed in the pond at the Directorate of Sustainable Aquaculture, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Tamil Nadu (10° 47' 13.1964'' N; 79° 8' 16.1700''E). Primary productivity was estimated by light and dark bottle method. The measurement of primary productivity was done at different depths viz., 20 cm, 40 cm, and 60 cm. Six Biological Oxygen Demand bottles of 300 ml capacity were collected and tagged. The productivity was obtained in mg O2/l/hr. The maximum dissolved oxygen level at 20 cm depth was observed 5.62 ± 0.22 mg/l/hr in the light bottle in pond water while the minimum dissolved oxygen level at 20 cm depth in a cage was observed 3.62 ± 0.18 mg/l/hr in dark bottle. In the same way, the maximum and minimum value of dissolved oxygen was observed at 40, and 60 cm depth and results were compared. A slight change in pH was observed in the cage and pond. The maximum gross primary productivity observed was 1.97 mg/l/hr in pond at 20 cm depth while minimum gross primary productivity observed was 0.82±0.16 mg/l/hr in a cage at 60 cm depth. The community respiration was also variable with the depth in both cage and pond. Maximum community respiration was found 1.50±0.19 mg/l/hr in pond at 20 cm depth. A strong positive linear relationship was observed between primary productivity and fish yields in ponds. The pond primary productivity can contribute substantially to the nutrition of farm-raised aquaculture species, including shrimp. The growth of phytoplankton’s is dependent on the sun light, availability of primary nutrients (N, P, and K) in the water body and transparency, so to increase the primary productivity fertilization through organic manure may be done that will clean to the pond environment also. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cage%20aquaculture" title="cage aquaculture">cage aquaculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20depth" title=" water depth"> water depth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=net%20primary%20productivity" title=" net primary productivity"> net primary productivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gross%20primary%20productivity" title=" gross primary productivity"> gross primary productivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20respiration" title=" community respiration"> community respiration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119278/a-comparative-study-on-primary-productivity-in-fish-cage-culture-unit-and-fish-pond-in-relation-to-different-level-of-water-depth" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119278.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">208</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4530</span> The Place of Instructional Materials in Quality Education at Primary School Level in Katsina State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Murtala%20Sale">Murtala Sale</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of instructional materials is an indispensable tool that enhances qualitative teaching and learning especially at the primary level. Instructional materials are used to facilitate comprehension of ideas in the learners as well as ensure long term retention of ideas and topics taught to pupils. This study examined the relevance of using instructional materials in primary schools in Katsina State, Nigeria. It employed survey design using cluster sampling technique. The questionnaire was used to gather data for analysis, and statistical and frequency tables were used to analyze the data gathered. The results show that teachers and students alike have realized the effectiveness of modern instructional materials in teaching and learning for the attainment of set objectives in the basic primary education policy. It also discovered that reluctance in the use of instructional materials will hamper the achievement of qualitative primary education. The study therefore suggests that there should be the provision of adequate and up-to-date instructional materials to all primary schools in Katsina State for effective teaching and learning process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=instructional%20materials" title="instructional materials">instructional materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20teaching" title=" effective teaching"> effective teaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20quality" title=" learning quality"> learning quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indispensable%20aspect" title=" indispensable aspect"> indispensable aspect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42353/the-place-of-instructional-materials-in-quality-education-at-primary-school-level-in-katsina-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42353.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4529</span> Lived Experiences of Primary Caregiver of Schizophrenia Patients at Acute Crisis Intervention Service</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mykah%20W.%20Sumoldao">Mykah W. Sumoldao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Erissa%20C.%20Susa"> Maria Erissa C. Susa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Triny%20Cate%20M.%20Telan"> Triny Cate M. Telan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20Arvin%20M.%20Torres"> Christian Arvin M. Torres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jasmine%20I.%20Udasco"> Jasmine I. Udasco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Franceis%20Jeramil%20M.%20Walis"> Franceis Jeramil M. Walis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shellyn%20S.%20Wandagan"> Shellyn S. Wandagan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Janine%20May%20M.%20Warding"> Janine May M. Warding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Queenie%20Diana%20Rose%20P.%20Zalun%20%20Hope%20Lulet%20A.%20Lomioan"> Queenie Diana Rose P. Zalun Hope Lulet A. Lomioan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This descriptive phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of the primary caregiver of schizophrenia patients at the Acute Crisis Intervention Service in Cagayan Valley Medical Center. The research aimed to understand the emotional, physical, and financial challenges these primary caregivers face. Data was gathered through interviews with nine (9) primary caregivers and analyzed using Colaizzi’s seven-step method. Two main themes emerged: Experience/ Challenges (Emotional, Physical, and Financial Challenges) and Managing Mechanisms (Support Systems and Resilience and Commitment). The study found that primary caregivers deal with a complex mix of difficulties, often with limited resources. They rely heavily on personal strength, faith, family, friends and community support to manage their roles. The findings highlighted the need for better support systems to ease primary caregivers' burdens. Financial aid, respite care, and mental health support are crucial for improving primary caregivers' quality of life and the care they provide. Additionally, raising awareness about primary caregivers' challenges can foster a supportive community, with more help from local organizations and government entities. Thus, this study provided insights into the caregiving experiences of those supporting schizophrenia patients. It emphasized the importance of practical support and emotional resilience. By addressing these needs, a more supportive environment can be created, benefiting both primary caregivers and their patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20caregiver%20burden" title="primary caregiver burden">primary caregiver burden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20health" title=" mental health"> mental health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20caregiver%20well-being" title=" primary caregiver well-being"> primary caregiver well-being</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20caregiver" title=" primary caregiver"> primary caregiver</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191528/lived-experiences-of-primary-caregiver-of-schizophrenia-patients-at-acute-crisis-intervention-service" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191528.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">29</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4528</span> Primary Resonance in Vortex-Induced Vibration of a Pipeline Close to a Plane Boundary</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yiming%20Jin">Yiming Jin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ping%20Dong"> Ping Dong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The primary resonance of a pipeline close to a plane boundary is investigated in this paper. Based on classic Van der Pol equation and added a nonlinear item, a new wake oscillator model is proposed to predict the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of a circular cylinder close to a plane boundary. Then, with the multi-scale method, the approximate solution for the case of the primary resonance is obtained. Besides, to study the characteristic of the primary resonance, the effects of the mass ration, frequency, damp ratio and gap ratio on the frequency-response curves of the pipeline are analysed. On the whole, the trend of the numerical results match up with that of the experimental data well and the mass ration, frequency, damp ratio and gap ratio play an important role in the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of a circular cylinder close to a plane boundary, especially, the smaller is the mass ratio, the larger impact the gap ratio has on the frequency-response curves of the primary resonance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20resonance" title="primary resonance">primary resonance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gap%20ratio" title=" gap ratio"> gap ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vortex-induced%20vibration" title=" vortex-induced vibration"> vortex-induced vibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-scale%20method" title=" multi-scale method"> multi-scale method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42055/primary-resonance-in-vortex-induced-vibration-of-a-pipeline-close-to-a-plane-boundary" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42055.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4527</span> E-teaching Barriers: A Survey from Shanghai Primary School Teachers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liu%20Dan">Liu Dan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It was considered either unnecessary or impossible for primary school students to implement online teaching until last year. A large number of E-learning or E-teaching researches have been focused on adult-learners, andragogy and technology, however, primary school education, it is facing many problems that need to be solved. Therefore, this research is aimed at exploring barriers and influential factors on online teaching for K-12 students from teachers’ perspectives and discussing the E-pedagogy that is suitable for primary school students and teachers. Eight hundred and ninety-six teachers from 10 primary schools in Shanghai were invited to participate in a questionnaire survey. Data were analysed by hierarchical regression, and the results stress the significant three barriers by teachers with online teaching: the existing system is deficient in emotional interaction, teachers’ attitude towards the technology is negative and the present teacher training is lack of systematic E-pedagogy guidance. The barriers discovered by this study will help the software designers (E-lab) develop tools that allow for flexible and evolving pedagogical approaches whilst providing an easy entry point for cautious newcomers, so that help the teachers free to engage in E-teaching at pedagogical and disciplinary levels, to enhance their repertoire of teaching practices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20teaching%20barriers%20%28OTB%29" title="online teaching barriers (OTB)">online teaching barriers (OTB)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-teaching" title=" e-teaching"> e-teaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20school" title=" primary school"> primary school</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teachers" title=" teachers"> teachers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology" title=" technology"> technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140556/e-teaching-barriers-a-survey-from-shanghai-primary-school-teachers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140556.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4526</span> Comparative Analysis of Teachers’ Performance in Private and Public Primary Schools in Oyo State</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babajide%20Solomon%20Faloore">Babajide Solomon Faloore </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study on the comparative analysis of the performance of teachers in private and public schools was carried out in Ibadan North West Local Government Area of Oyo State. This study examined the justification for the claim that there is a difference in the performance of teachers in private and public primary schools and at the same time identified factors responsible for the difference in the performance of these teachers. A descriptive survey research design was used for the study. Data generated were analyzed using t-test and regression analysis. The findings of the study revealed that there is significance difference in the performance of teachers in private and private primary schools in Ibadan North West Local Government Area of Oyo State( t=64.09; df=459; p,.05). The findings also revealed that the method of teaching in private primary schools is significantly different from the method of teaching in public primary schools in Ibadan North West Local Government Area of Oyo State (t=73.08; df=459; p,.05). Findings revealed that school leadership and management have a significant contribution on the performance of private and public primary school teachers in Ibadan North West Local Area of Oyo State. Based on the finding, the following recommendations were made: Primary school teachers need to be motivated and rewarded for excellent performance. Primary schools should be properly equipped with teaching–aid facilities, laboratories, and libraries. The government should use the findings of this study to improve on teaching materials provided to the primary school teachers in Nigeria. Public primary schools should be designed by education planners, administrators, and government. Headmasters, proprietors, and teachers of primary schools should look inward and give a performance appraisal and evaluation of themselves from time to time based on the subject they taught. Finally, school administrators should be conscious of the way they manage the teachers in schools not only in informal situations but also in formal settings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=private%20education" title="private education">private education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20education" title=" public education"> public education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20leadership" title=" school leadership"> school leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20management" title=" school management"> school management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teachers%20performance" title=" teachers performance "> teachers performance </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15981/comparative-analysis-of-teachers-performance-in-private-and-public-primary-schools-in-oyo-state" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15981.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4525</span> The Conceptual and Procedural Knowledge of Rational Numbers in Primary School Teachers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20M.%20Kashim">R. M. Kashim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study investigates the conceptual and procedural knowledge of rational number in primary school teachers, specifically, the primary school teachers level of conceptual knowledge about rational number and the primary school teachers level of procedural knowledge about rational numbers. The study was carried out in Bauchi metropolis in Bauchi state of Nigeria. A Conceptual and Procedural Knowledge Test was used as the instrument for data collection, 54 mathematics teachers in Bauchi primary schools were involved in the study. The collections were analyzed using mean and standard deviation. The findings revealed that the primary school mathematics teachers in Bauchi metropolis posses a low level of conceptual knowledge of rational number and also possess a high level of Procedural knowledge of rational number. It is therefore recommended that to be effective, teachers teaching mathematics most posses a deep understanding of both conceptual and procedural knowledge. That way the most knowledgeable teachers in mathematics deliver highly effective rational number instructions. Teachers should not ignore the mathematical concept aspect of rational number teaching. This is because only the procedural aspect of Rational number is highlighted during instructions; this often leads to rote - learning of procedures without understanding the meanings. It is necessary for teachers to learn rational numbers teaching method that focus on both conceptual knowledge and procedural knowledge teaching. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual%20knowledge" title="conceptual knowledge">conceptual knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20school%20teachers" title=" primary school teachers"> primary school teachers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=procedural%20knowledge" title=" procedural knowledge"> procedural knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rational%20numbers" title=" rational numbers"> rational numbers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44950/the-conceptual-and-procedural-knowledge-of-rational-numbers-in-primary-school-teachers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44950.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4524</span> Comparative Analysis of Teachers’ Performance in Private and Public Primary Schools in Oyo State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oyetunji%20John%20Adenuga">Oyetunji John Adenuga</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study on the comparative analysis of the performance of teachers in private and public schools was carried out in Ibadan North West Local Government Area of Oyo State. This study examined the justification for the claim that there is difference in the performance of teachers in private and public primary schools and at the same time identified factors responsible for the difference in the performance of these teachers. A descriptive survey research design was used for the study. Data generated were analysed using t-test and regression analysis. The findings of the study revealed that there is significant difference in the performance of teachers in private and private primary schools in Ibadan North West Local Government Area of Oyo State (t=64.09; df=459; p,.05). The findings also revealed that the method of teaching in private primary schools is significantly different from the method of teaching in public primary schools in Ibadan North West Local Government Area of Oyo State (t=73.08; df=459; p,.05). Findings revealed that school leadership and management have significant contribution on the performance of private and public primary school teachers in Ibadan North West Local Area of Oyo State. Based on the finding, the following recommendations were made: Primary school teachers need to be motivated and rewarded for excellent performance. Primary schools should be properly equipped with teaching-aid facilities, laboratories and libraries. Government should use the findings of this study to improve on teaching materials provided to the primary school teachers in Nigeria. Public primary schools should be designed by education planners, administrators and government. Headmasters, proprietors and teachers of primary schools should look inward and give a performance appraisal and evaluation of themselves form time to time based on subject they taught. Finally, school administrators should be conscious of the way they manage the teachers in schools not only in informal situations but also in formal settings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=private%20education" title="private education">private education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20education" title=" public education"> public education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20leadership" title=" school leadership"> school leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20management" title=" school management"> school management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teachers%20performance" title=" teachers performance "> teachers performance </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9907/comparative-analysis-of-teachers-performance-in-private-and-public-primary-schools-in-oyo-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9907.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4523</span> A Study on Classic Literature Education in Primary School Using Out-of-School Literature Appreciation Program: An Practice Study Applied to Primary School in Korea</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyo%20Jung%20Lee">Hyo Jung Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to develop a literature appreciation education program for classic literatures and apply them to the field, and to derive the achievements and improvement points. Classic literature is a work of value recognized in the context of literature history and culture history, and learners can develop interest in literature and inherit tradition through appreciation of classic literature. However, in Korean educational environment, classic literature is a means for college entrance examination, and many learners analyze contents and language in textbooks and concentrate on memorizing the whole plot. This study is one of the reasons that classic literature appreciation education is not done properly and it is not able to give an opportunity to appreciate the whole work in the early learning stage. In Korean primary education, classic literature is used as a means to achieve the goals of reading, writing, speaking and listening, rather than being used as a material for its own appreciation. It is problematic to make the piece appreciation experience fragmentary. This study proposes a program to experience classic literatures by linking school education and school library with primary school students in grades 4-6. We work with local primary schools (siheung-si, gyeonggi-do, Korea) to provide appropriate activities and rewards to learners, observe their participation, and introduce student learning outcomes. Through this, we are able to systematically improve the learner 's ability to appreciate the literature and to diversify primary education. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classic%20literature%20education" title="classic literature education">classic literature education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20education" title=" primary education"> primary education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=out-of-school%20program" title=" out-of-school program"> out-of-school program</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20by%20appreciation%20experience" title=" learning by appreciation experience"> learning by appreciation experience</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89260/a-study-on-classic-literature-education-in-primary-school-using-out-of-school-literature-appreciation-program-an-practice-study-applied-to-primary-school-in-korea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89260.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4522</span> Nurse Practitioner Led Pediatric Primary Care Clinic in a Tertiary Care Setting: Improving Access and Health Outcomes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minna%20K.%20%20Miller">Minna K. Miller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chantel.%20E.%20Canessa"> Chantel. E. Canessa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suzanna%20V.%20McRae"> Suzanna V. McRae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Susan%20Shumay"> Susan Shumay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alissa%20Collingridge"> Alissa Collingridge </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Primary care provides the first point of contact and access to health care services. For the pediatric population, the goal is to help healthy children stay healthy and to help those that are sick get better. Primary care facilitates regular well baby/child visits; health promotion and disease prevention; investigation, diagnosis and management of acute and chronic illnesses; health education; both consultation and collaboration with, and referral to other health care professionals. There is a protective association between regular well-child visit care and preventable hospitalization. Further, low adherence to well-child care and poor continuity of care are independently associated with increased risk of hospitalization. With a declining number of family physicians caring for children, and only a portion of pediatricians providing primary care services, it is becoming increasingly difficult for children and their families to access primary care. Nurse practitioners are in a unique position to improve access to primary care and improve health outcomes for children. Limited literature is available on the nurse practitioner role in primary care pediatrics. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development, implementation and evaluation of a Nurse Practitioner-led pediatric primary care clinic in a tertiary care setting. Utilizing the participatory, evidence-based, patient-focused process for advanced practice nursing (PEPPA framework), this paper highlights the results of the initial needs assessment/gap analysis, the new service delivery model, populations served, and outcome measures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=access" title="access">access</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20outcomes" title=" health outcomes"> health outcomes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nurse%20practitioner" title=" nurse practitioner"> nurse practitioner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pediatric%20primary%20care" title=" pediatric primary care"> pediatric primary care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PEPPA%20framework" title=" PEPPA framework "> PEPPA framework </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20981/nurse-practitioner-led-pediatric-primary-care-clinic-in-a-tertiary-care-setting-improving-access-and-health-outcomes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20981.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">494</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4521</span> Perspective of Community Health Workers on The Sustainability of Primary Health Care</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dan%20Richard%20D.%20Fernandez">Dan Richard D. Fernandez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study determined the perspectives of community health workers’ perspectives in the sustainability of primary health care. Eight community health workers, two community officials and a rural health midwife in a rural community in the in the Philippines were enjoined to share their perspectives in the sustainability of primary health care. The study utilized the critical research method. The critical research assumes that there are ‘dominated’ or ‘marginalized’ groups whose interests are not best served by existing societal structures. Their experiences highlighted that the challenges of their role include unkind and uncooperative patients, the lack of institutional support mechanisms and conflict of their roles with their family responsibilities. Their most revealing insight is the belief that primary health care is within their grasp. Finally, they believe that the burden to sustain primary health care rests on their shoulders alone. This study establishes that Multi-stakeholder participation is and Gender-sensitivity is integral to the sustainability of Primary Health Care. It also observed that the ingrained Expert-Novice or Top-down Management Culture and the marginalisation of BHWs within the system is a threat to PHC sustainability. This study also recommends to expand the study and to involve the local government units and academe in lobbying the integration of gender-sensitivity and multi-stake participatory approaches to health workforce policies. Finally, this study recognised that the CHWs’ role is indispensable to the sustainability of primary health care. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20health%20workers" title="community health workers">community health workers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-stakeholder%20participation" title=" multi-stakeholder participation"> multi-stakeholder participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender-sensitivity" title=" gender-sensitivity"> gender-sensitivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33335/perspective-of-community-health-workers-on-the-sustainability-of-primary-health-care" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33335.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">544</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4520</span> Common Sports Medicine Injuries in Primary Health Care</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thuraya%20Ahmed%20Hamood%20Al%20Shidhani">Thuraya Ahmed Hamood Al Shidhani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sports Medicine injuries are very common in primary health care. It is not necessary related to direct trauma, but it could be because of repetitive stress and overuse injuries. Knowledge of Primary Health care providers about the common sports medicine injuries and when to refer to a specialist is essential. Common sports injuries are muscle strain, joint sprain, bone bruise, Patellofemoral pain syndrome, Anterior cruciate ligament injuries, meniscal injuries, ankle ligaments injuries, concussion, Rotator cuff tendinosis/impingement syndrome, lateral and medial epicondylitis and fractures. Systematic approach is very useful in evaluation of sports injuries. RICE is important in initial management. Physiotherapy is essential for rehabilitation. Definitive Management is dependent on patient’s condition and function. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=common" title="common">common</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sports%20medicine%20injuries" title=" sports medicine injuries"> sports medicine injuries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20health%20care" title=" primary health care"> primary health care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injuries" title=" injuries"> injuries</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168113/common-sports-medicine-injuries-in-primary-health-care" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168113.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4519</span> Security Issues and Primary School Participation in Kenya</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rose%20Mwanza">Rose Mwanza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates security factors influencing primary school pupils’ school participation in Kenya. Schools, communities and the Government all have roles to play in enhancing primary school pupil’s school participation. The effective security system of a country provides the necessary avenues to facilitate improved health services protection of children and allows free movement of the country’s citizens which leads to a conducive atmosphere for school participation. Kenya is a signatory to international commitments and conventions related to security such as the National Policy on Peace Building and Conflict Management, United Nations Development Assistance Framework and Key Security Unity, which enable primary school pupils to participate in education. The paper also looks at the strategies the Government of Kenya has put in place to ensure effective pupil school participation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnicity" title="ethnicity">ethnicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media" title=" social media"> social media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participation%20in%20school" title=" participation in school"> participation in school</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poverty" title=" poverty"> poverty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terrorism" title=" terrorism"> terrorism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175481/security-issues-and-primary-school-participation-in-kenya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175481.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">61</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4518</span> Reflection on Using Bar Model Method in Learning and Teaching Primary Mathematics: A Hong Kong Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chui%20Ka%20Shing">Chui Ka Shing</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This case study research attempts to examine the use of the Bar Model Method approach in learning and teaching mathematics in a primary school in Hong Kong. The objectives of the study are to find out to what extent (a) the Bar Model Method approach enhances the construction of students’ mathematics concepts, and (b) the school-based mathematics curriculum development with adopting the Bar Model Method approach. This case study illuminates the effectiveness of using the Bar Model Method to solve mathematics problems from Primary 1 to Primary 6. Some effective pedagogies and assessments were developed to strengthen the use of the Bar Model Method across year levels. Suggestions including school-based curriculum development for using Bar Model Method and further study were discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bar%20model%20method" title="bar model method">bar model method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curriculum%20development" title=" curriculum development"> curriculum development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematics%20education" title=" mathematics education"> mathematics education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=problem%20solving" title=" problem solving"> problem solving</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138064/reflection-on-using-bar-model-method-in-learning-and-teaching-primary-mathematics-a-hong-kong-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138064.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">220</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4517</span> Literacy Performance among Lower Primary School Children : A Malaysian Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ratnawati%20Mohd%20Asraf">Ratnawati Mohd Asraf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hazlina%20Abdullah"> Hazlina Abdullah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Numerous studies on boys’ performance relative to girls’ have been conducted around the globe. However, little has been done in relation to the literacy of primary school boys in the Malaysian context. This paper discusses the results of a study that sought to determine the literacy performance of Grades 1, 2, and 3 primary school students in the state of Selangor, Malaysia. Data on approximately 85,000 students from each grade level were obtained from the Ministry of Education Malaysia, which conducts national screening on literacy and numeracy, or LINUS, in all government primary schools. Teachers’ views were also sought through focus group interviews and journal entries. The results show that although there is an overall improvement in literacy performance in the Malay language among the students as they go into Grades 2 and 3, girls are found to outperform boys in every screening for all grade levels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boys%E2%80%99%20underperformance" title="boys’ underperformance">boys’ underperformance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=literacy" title=" literacy"> literacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=literacy%20performance" title=" literacy performance"> literacy performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reading" title=" reading"> reading</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30183/literacy-performance-among-lower-primary-school-children-a-malaysian-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30183.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">324</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4516</span> The Relationship between Body Composition and Physical Fitness of Primary School Learners from a Pre-Dominantly Rural Province in South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Howard%20Gomwe">Howard Gomwe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eunice%20Seekoe"> Eunice Seekoe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philemon%20Lyoka"> Philemon Lyoka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chioneso%20Show%20Marange"> Chioneso Show Marange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dennyford%20Mafa"> Dennyford Mafa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is arguably a lack of literature regarding body physical fitness and body composition amongst primary school learners in South Africa. For this reason, the study is aimed at investigating and accessing how body composition relates to physical fitness amongst primary school learners in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. In order to achieve this, a school-based cross-sectional survey was carried out among 876 primary school learners aged 9 to 14 years. Body composition indicators were measured and/or calculated, whilst physical fitness was evaluated according to the EUROFIT fitness standards by a 20 m shuttle run, push-ups, sit and reach as well as sit-ups. Out of 876 participants, a total of 870 were retained. Of these, 351 (40.34%) were boys, and 519 (59.66%) were girls. The average age of learners was 11.04 ± 1.50 years, with boys having a significantly (p = 0.002) higher mean age (M = 11.24; SD = 1.51 years) as compared to that of girls (M = 10.91; SD = 1.48 years). The non-parametric Spearman Rho correlation coefficients revealed several significant and negative relationships between body composition measurements with physical fitness characteristics, which were stronger in girls than in boys. The findings advocate for policymakers and responsible authorities to initiate the development of policies and interventions targeted at encouraging physical activity and health promotion among primary school learners in South Africa, especially in girls. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BMI" title="BMI">BMI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20composition" title=" body composition"> body composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20fat" title=" body fat"> body fat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title=" children"> children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20fitness" title=" physical fitness"> physical fitness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20school" title=" primary school"> primary school</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141578/the-relationship-between-body-composition-and-physical-fitness-of-primary-school-learners-from-a-pre-dominantly-rural-province-in-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141578.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4515</span> A Conversation about Inclusive Education: Revelations from Namibian Primary School Teachers </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20D.%20Nghiteke">M. D. Nghiteke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mji"> A. Mji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20T.%20Molepo"> G. T. Molepo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Inclusive education stems from a philosophy and vision, which argues that all children should learn together at school. It is not only about treating all pupils in the same way. It is also about allowing all children to attend school without any restrictions. Ten primary school teachers in a circuit in Namibia volunteered to participate in face-to-face interviews about inclusive education. The teachers responded to three questions about their (i) understanding of inclusive education; (ii) whether inclusive education was implemented in primary schools; and (iii) whether they were able to work with learners with special needs. Findings indicated that teachers understood what inclusive education entailed; felt that inclusive education was not implemented in their primary schools, and they were unable to work with learners with special needs in their classrooms. Further, the teachers identified training and resources as important components of inclusive education. It is recommended that education authorities should perhaps verify the findings reported here as well as ensure that the concerns raised by the teachers are addressed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classrooms%20and%20schools" title="classrooms and schools">classrooms and schools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclusive%20education" title=" inclusive education"> inclusive education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resources" title=" resources"> resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=training" title=" training"> training</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96825/a-conversation-about-inclusive-education-revelations-from-namibian-primary-school-teachers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96825.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4514</span> Comparing the Sequence and Effectiveness of Teaching the Four Basic Operations and Mathematics in Primary Schools</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abubakar%20Sadiq%20Mensah">Abubakar Sadiq Mensah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Usman"> Hassan Usman </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study compared the effectiveness of Audition, Multiplication, subtraction and Division (AMSD) and Addition, subtraction, Multiplication and Division (ASMD), sequence of teaching these four basic operations in mathematics to primary one pupil’s in Katsina Local Government, Katsina State. The study determined the sequence that was more effective and mostly adopted by teachers of the operations. One hundred (100) teachers and sixty pupils (60) from primary one were used for the study. The pupils were divided into two equal groups. The researcher taught these operations to each group separately for four weeks (4 weeks). Group one was taught using the ASMD sequence, while group two was taught using ASMD sequence. In order to generate the needed data for the study, questionnaires and tests were administered on the samples. Data collected were analyzed and major findings were arrived at: (i) Two primary mathematics text books were used in all the primary schools in the area; (ii) Each of the textbooks contained the ASMD sequence; (iii) 73% of the teachers sampled adopted the ASMD sequence of teaching these operations; and (iv) Group one of the pupils (taught using AMSD sequence) performed significantly better than their counter parts in group two (taught using AMSD sequence). On the basis of this, the researcher concluded that the AMSD sequence was more effective in teaching the operations than the ASMD sequence. Consequently, the researcher concluded that primary schools teachers, authors of primary mathematics textbooks, and curriculum planner should adopt the AMSD sequence of teaching these operations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matematic" title="matematic">matematic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20school" title=" high school"> high school</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=four%20basic%20operations" title=" four basic operations"> four basic operations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effectiveness%20of%20teaching" title=" effectiveness of teaching"> effectiveness of teaching</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8847/comparing-the-sequence-and-effectiveness-of-teaching-the-four-basic-operations-and-mathematics-in-primary-schools" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8847.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">253</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4513</span> Salient Issues in Reading Comprehension Difficulties Faced by Primary School Children</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Janet%20Fernandez">Janet Fernandez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reading is both for aesthetic and efferent purposes. In order for reading comprehension to take place, the reader needs to be able to make meaningful connections and enjoy the reading process. The notion of reading comprehension is discussed along with the plausible causes of poor reading comprehension abilities among primary school children. Among the major contributing causes are imaging, lack of schemata, selection of reading materials, and habits of the readers. Instruction methods are an integral part of making reading comprehension a meaningful experience, hence several models are presented for the classroom practitioner. Suggestions on how primary school children can improve their reading comprehension skills are offered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title="children">children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=improve" title=" improve"> improve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reading%20comprehension" title=" reading comprehension"> reading comprehension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meaningful%20strategies" title=" meaningful strategies"> meaningful strategies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12844/salient-issues-in-reading-comprehension-difficulties-faced-by-primary-school-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12844.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">466</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4512</span> Teaching and Learning with Picturebooks: Developing Multimodal Literacy with a Community of Primary School Teachers in China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fuling%20Deng">Fuling Deng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Today’s children are frequently exposed to multimodal texts that adopt diverse modes to communicate myriad meanings within different cultural contexts. To respond to the new textual landscape, scholars have considered new literacy theories which propose picturebooks as important educational resources. Picturebooks are multimodal, with their meaning conveyed through the synchronisation of multiple modes, including linguistic, visual, spatial, and gestural acting as access to multimodal literacy. Picturebooks have been popular reading materials in primary educational settings in China. However, often viewed as “easy” texts directed at the youngest readers, picturebooks remain on the margins of Chinese upper primary classrooms, where they are predominantly used for linguistic tasks, with little value placed on their multimodal affordances. Practices with picturebooks in the upper grades in Chinese primary schools also encounter many challenges associated with the curation of texts for use, designing curriculum, and assessment. To respond to these issues, a qualitative study was conducted with a community of Chinese primary teachers using multi-methods such as interviews, focus groups, and documents. The findings showed the impact of the teachers’ increased awareness of picturebooks' multimodal affordances on their pedagogical decisions in using picturebooks as educational resources in upper primary classrooms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=picturebook%20education" title="picturebook education">picturebook education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multimodal%20literacy" title=" multimodal literacy"> multimodal literacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teachers%27%20response%20to%20contemporary%20picturebooks" title=" teachers' response to contemporary picturebooks"> teachers' response to contemporary picturebooks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20of%20practice" title=" community of practice"> community of practice</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156547/teaching-and-learning-with-picturebooks-developing-multimodal-literacy-with-a-community-of-primary-school-teachers-in-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156547.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4511</span> Rural-To-Urban Migrants' Experiences with Primary Care in Four Types of Medical Institutions in Guangzhou, China </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiazhi%20Zeng">Jiazhi Zeng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leiyu%20Shi"> Leiyu Shi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xia%20Zou"> Xia Zou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen%20Chen"> Wen Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Ling"> Li Ling</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: China is facing the unprecedented challenge of rapidly increasing rural-to-urban migration. Due to the household registration system, migrants are in a vulnerable state when they attempt to access to primary care services. A strong primary care system can reduce health inequities and mitigate socioeconomic disparities in healthcare utilization. Literature indicated that migrants were more reliant on the primary care system than local residents. Although the Chinese government has attached great importance to creating an efficient health system, primary care services are still underutilized. The referral system between primary care institutions and hospitals has not yet been completely established in China. The general populations often go directly to hospitals instead of primary care institutions for their primary care. Primary care institutions generally consist of community health centers (CHCs) and community health stations (CHSs) in urban areas, and township health centers (THCs) and rural health stations (THSs) in rural areas. In addition, primary care services are also provided by the outpatient department of municipal hospitals and tertiary hospitals. A better understanding of migrants’ experiences with primary care in the above-mentioned medical institutions is critical for improving the performance of primary care institutions and providing indications of the attributes that require further attention. The purpose of this pioneering study is to explore rural-to-urban migrants’ experiences in primary care, compare their primary care experiences in four types of medical institutions in Guangzhou, China, and suggest implications for targeted interventions to improve primary care for the migrants. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted with 736 rural-to-urban migrants in Guangzhou, China, in 2014. A multistage sampling method was employed. A validated Chinese version of Primary Care Assessment Tool - Adult Short Version (PCAT-AS) was used to collect information on migrants’ primary care experiences. The PCAT-AS consists of 10 domains. Analysis of covariance was conducted for comparison on PCAT domain scores and total scores among migrants accessing four types of medical institutions. Multiple linear regression models were used to explore factors associated with PCAT total scores. Results: After controlling for socio-demographic characteristics, migrant characteristics, health status and health insurance status, migrants accessing primary care in tertiary hospitals had the highest PCAT total scores when compared with those accessing primary care THCs/ RHSs (25.49 vs. 24.18, P=0.007) and CHCs/ CHSs(25.49 vs. 24.24, P=0.006). There was no statistical significant difference for PCAT total scores between migrants accessing primary care in CHCs/CHSs and those in municipal hospitals (24.24 vs. 25.02, P=0.436). Factors positively associated with higher PCAT total scores also included insurance covering parts of healthcare payment (P < 0.001). Conclusions: This study highlights the need for improvement in primary care provided by primary care institutions for rural-to-urban migrants. Migrants receiving primary care from THCs, RHSs, CHSs and CHSs reported worse primary care experiences than those receiving primary care from tertiary hospitals. Relevant policies related to medical insurance should be implemented for providing affordable healthcare services for migrants accessing primary care. Further research exploring the specific reasons for poorer PCAT scores of primary care institutions users will be needed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCAT" title=" PCAT"> PCAT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20care" title=" primary care"> primary care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural-to-urban%20migrants" title=" rural-to-urban migrants"> rural-to-urban migrants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35302/rural-to-urban-migrants-experiences-with-primary-care-in-four-types-of-medical-institutions-in-guangzhou-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35302.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20air&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20air&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20air&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20air&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20air&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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