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Treatments with volatile MeJA during 3 days (25 µl 100 l −\" air) protected seedlings up to 75 %. This effect was unlikely to result from a direct fungitoxic effect of MeJA, as under the same conditions of treatment, growth in itro of Pythium ultimum was not affected. Observations of possible changes on histological barriers such as lignin deposits showed no differences between control and treated plants. MeJA induced the accumulation of free salicylic acid (SA) in all parts of the seedlings, whereas bound SA only increased in hypocotyls and cotyledons. An increase in chitinase activity was detected in cotyledons already 2 days after exposure to MeJA. The results suggest that MeJA acts by stimulating defence responses of the host plant. No increase in endogenous jasmonic acid was found in spruce seedlings inoculated with Pythium nor MeJA.","publication_date":"1999,,","publication_name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"85091832"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Methyl jasmonate protects Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] seedlings against Pythium ultimum Trow","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [3953622]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":85091832,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Methyl jasmonate protects Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] seedlings against Pythium ultimum Trow”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/85091832/mini_magick20220427-22032-18fadn8.png?1651124963" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Methyl jasmonate protects Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] seedlings against Pythium ultimum Trow</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3953622" href="https://unifr.academia.edu/AntonyBuchala"><img alt="Profile image of Antony Buchala" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Antony Buchala</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">1999, Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">6 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 77836809; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=77836809"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">The effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) was tested on the resistance of Picea abies seedlings against Pythium ultimum. Treatments with volatile MeJA during 3 days (25 µl 100 l −" air) protected seedlings up to 75 %. This effect was unlikely to result from a direct fungitoxic effect of MeJA, as under the same conditions of treatment, growth in itro of Pythium ultimum was not affected. Observations of possible changes on histological barriers such as lignin deposits showed no differences between control and treated plants. MeJA induced the accumulation of free salicylic acid (SA) in all parts of the seedlings, whereas bound SA only increased in hypocotyls and cotyledons. An increase in chitinase activity was detected in cotyledons already 2 days after exposure to MeJA. The results suggest that MeJA acts by stimulating defence responses of the host plant. No increase in endogenous jasmonic acid was found in spruce seedlings inoculated with Pythium nor MeJA.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":85091832,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/77836809/Methyl_jasmonate_protects_Norway_spruce_Picea_abies_L_Karst_seedlings_against_Pythium_ultimum_Trow"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":85091832,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/77836809/Methyl_jasmonate_protects_Norway_spruce_Picea_abies_L_Karst_seedlings_against_Pythium_ultimum_Trow"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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Solheim</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">To study the effect of chemical pretreatment on conifer resistance, 13-year-old Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) trees were treated with methyl jasmonate (MJ) or oxalic acid (OxA) on the outer bark and inoculated with the pathogenic blue-stain fungus Ceratocystis polonica (Siem.) C. Moreau 4 weeks later. Both chemicals significantly reduced symptoms of fungal infection, but MJ was more effective than OxA (51 versus 18% reduction in length of necrotic lesions in the phloem relative to untreated control trees). Anatomical examination of treated stem tissues showed that MJ induced extensive formation of traumatic resin ducts in the xylem and extra polyphenolic parenchyma (PP) cells in the secondary phloem between the cambium and the regular annual PP cell layer. No traumatic resin ducts were formed after treatment with OxA, and the coverage of extra PP cells in OxA-treated tissues was not significantly higher than in the controls. The anatomically based defense reactions induced by MJ were similar to the reactions observed after pathogen infection, mechanical wounding and bark beetle attack. Neither MJ nor OxA had apparent phytotoxic effects on Norway spruce at the concentrations used, with needle and stem tissues of all trees appearing normal without visible symptoms of toxicity. However, trees treated with MJ had 30% less radial sapwood growth than control trees. In conclusion, MJ treatment of Norway spruce appears to have practical potential as a tool for increasing plant resistance to fungal infection, but with a modest reduction in sapwood growth.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Methyl jasmonate and oxalic acid treatment of Norway spruce: anatomically based defense responses and increased resistance against fungal infection","attachmentId":46145148,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12493398/Methyl_jasmonate_and_oxalic_acid_treatment_of_Norway_spruce_anatomically_based_defense_responses_and_increased_resistance_against_fungal_infection","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/12493398/Methyl_jasmonate_and_oxalic_acid_treatment_of_Norway_spruce_anatomically_based_defense_responses_and_increased_resistance_against_fungal_infection"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="61282406" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/61282406/Defensive_responses_of_Pinus_pinaster_seedlings_to_exogenous_application_of_methyl_jasmonate_Concentration_effect_and_systemic_response">Defensive responses of Pinus pinaster seedlings to exogenous application of methyl jasmonate: Concentration effect and systemic response</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="30937494" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LuisSampedro">Luis Sampedro</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2009</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Methyl jasmonate (MeJa) is a plant chemical elicitor which has been used to artificially induce chemical defensive responses and resistance against herbivores in many plant species in recent decades. In this paper, we studied the effect of exogenous MeJa application at different concentrations (0, 5, 50, and 100 mM) on growth, chemical defences and resistance against the large pine weevil Hylobius abietis L in one year old Pinus pinaster Ait. seedlings. We also investigated whether the local application of MeJa on a basal branch would distally elicit defensive responses or growth reductions on the opposite branch and on the upper main stem. Exogenous application of MeJa induced resin accumulation in the stems, and enhanced resistance against H. abietis. The resin content in plants treated with 100 mM was nearly 2-fold greater, and the pine weevil consumed 80% less phloem than in control plants. However, concentration of total phenolics in needles was lower in plants treated with the higher MeJa dose, probably because of a local toxic effect. We did not detect any effect of MeJa application on plant growth traits. In addition, the application of MeJa on the experimental branches did not significantly affect the resin content, nor growth rates of the opposite untreated control branches. However, the application of MeJa on the experimental branches significantly increased the resin content in the stem and total phenolics in the needles in the apical stem section of the seedling. These results suggest that the systemic effect of the MeJa induction is restricted to the most valuable parts of the seedlings, and should be considered in further studies aimed to understand the systemic resistance of conifers.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Defensive responses of Pinus pinaster seedlings to exogenous application of methyl jasmonate: Concentration effect and systemic response","attachmentId":74362094,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/61282406/Defensive_responses_of_Pinus_pinaster_seedlings_to_exogenous_application_of_methyl_jasmonate_Concentration_effect_and_systemic_response","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/61282406/Defensive_responses_of_Pinus_pinaster_seedlings_to_exogenous_application_of_methyl_jasmonate_Concentration_effect_and_systemic_response"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="13400515" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13400515/Application_of_methyl_jasmonate_reduces_growth_but_increases_chemical_defence_and_resistance_against_Hylobius_abietis_in_Scots_pine_seedlings">Application of methyl jasmonate reduces growth but increases chemical defence and resistance against Hylobius abietis in Scots pine seedlings</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32625446" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HeliViiri">Heli Viiri</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37714236" href="https://uef.academia.edu/JarmoHolopainen">Jarmo K Holopainen</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="12797874" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarttiVuorinen">Martti Vuorinen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 2005</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L., Pinaceae) produces a terpenoid resin which consists of monoterpenes and resin acids that offer protection against herbivores and pathogen attacks. Methyl jasmonate (MJ) is a potential plant elicitor which induces a wide range of chemical and anatomical defence reactions in conifers and might be used to increase resistance against biotic damage. Different amounts of MJ (control, 10 m  , and 100 m  ) were applied to Scots pine to examine the vigour, physiology, herbivory performance, and induction of secondary compound production in needles, bark, and xylem of 2year-old Scots pine seedlings. Growth decreased significantly in both MJ treated plants, and photosynthesis decreased in the 100 m  MJ treated plants, when compared to 10 m  MJ or control plants. The large pine weevil ( Hylobius abietis L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) gnawed a significantly smaller area of stem bark in the 100 m  treated plants than in the control or 10 m  treated plants. The 100 m  MJ treatment increased the resin acid concentration in the needles and xylem but not in the bark. Furthermore, both MJ treatments increased the number of resin ducts in newly developing xylem. The changes in plant growth and chemical parameters after the MJ treatments indicate shifts in carbon allocation, but MJ also affects plant physiology and xylem development. Terpenoid resin production was tissue-specific, but generally increased after MJ treatments, which means that this compound may offer potential protection of conifers against herbivores.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Application of methyl jasmonate reduces growth but increases chemical defence and resistance against Hylobius abietis in Scots pine seedlings","attachmentId":45384908,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13400515/Application_of_methyl_jasmonate_reduces_growth_but_increases_chemical_defence_and_resistance_against_Hylobius_abietis_in_Scots_pine_seedlings","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13400515/Application_of_methyl_jasmonate_reduces_growth_but_increases_chemical_defence_and_resistance_against_Hylobius_abietis_in_Scots_pine_seedlings"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="20813733" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20813733/Exogenous_application_of_methyl_jasmonate_elicits_defenses_in_Norway_spruce_Picea_abies_and_reduces_host_colonization_by_the_bark_beetle_Ips_typographus">Exogenous application of methyl jasmonate elicits defenses in Norway spruce (Picea abies) and reduces host colonization by the bark beetle Ips typographus</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42107435" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PKrokene">Paal Krokene</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Oecologia, 2006</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The terpenoid and phenolic constituents of conifers have been implicated in protecting trees from infestation by bark beetles and phytopathogenic fungi, but it has been difficult to prove these defensive roles under natural conditions. We used methyl jasmonate, a well-known inducer of plant defense responses, to manipulate the biochemistry and anatomy of mature Picea abies (Norway spruce) trees and to test their resistance to attack by Ips typographus (the spruce bark beetle). Bark sections of P. abies treated with methyl jasmonate had significantly less I. typographus colonization than bark sections in the controls and exhibited shorter parental galleries and fewer eggs had been deposited. The numbers of beetles that emerged and mean dry weight per beetle were also significantly lower in methyl jasmonate-treated bark. In addition, fewer beetles were attracted to conspecifics tunneling in methyl jasmonate-treated bark. Stem sections of P. abies treated with methyl jasmonate had an increased number of traumatic resin ducts and a higher concentration of terpenes than untreated sections, whereas the concentration of soluble phenolics did not differ between treatments. The increased amount of terpenoid resin present in methyl jasmonate-treated bark could be directly responsible for the observed decrease in I. typographus colonization and reproduction.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Exogenous application of methyl jasmonate elicits defenses in Norway spruce (Picea abies) and reduces host colonization by the bark beetle Ips typographus","attachmentId":41576697,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/20813733/Exogenous_application_of_methyl_jasmonate_elicits_defenses_in_Norway_spruce_Picea_abies_and_reduces_host_colonization_by_the_bark_beetle_Ips_typographus","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/20813733/Exogenous_application_of_methyl_jasmonate_elicits_defenses_in_Norway_spruce_Picea_abies_and_reduces_host_colonization_by_the_bark_beetle_Ips_typographus"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="92330437" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/92330437/Evaluating_methyl_jasmonate_for_induction_of_resistance_to_Fusarium_oxysporum_F_circinatum_and_Ophiostoma_novo_ulmi">Evaluating methyl jasmonate for induction of resistance to Fusarium oxysporum, F. circinatum and Ophiostoma novo-ulmi</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="248901542" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MariaJaninaCedenoVivas">Maria Janina Cedeno Vivas</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Forest Systems, 2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Damping off is probably the most common disease affecting seedlings in forest nurseries. In southwestern Europe, the pitch canker and the Dutch elm disease cause relevant economic looses in forests, mostly in adult trees. The ability of the chemical plant elicitor methyl jasmonate (MeJA) to induce resistance in Pinus pinaster against Fusarium oxysporum and F. circinatum, and in Ulmus minor against Ophiostoma novo-ulmi was examined. In a first experiment, an aqueous solution of MeJA 5 mM was applied to P. pinaster seeds by immersion or spray, and different concentrations of MeJA (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 mM) were tested in seedlings before inoculations with F. oxysporum (10 5 and 10 7 spores mL-1). In a second experiment, 6-months-old P. pinaster seedlings were sprayed with 0 and 25 mM of MeJA, and later challenged with mycelium of F. circinatum. Finally, 4-year-old U. minor trees were sprayed with 0, 50 and 100 mM of MeJA and subsequently inoculated with O. novo-ulmi (10 6 spores mL-1). MeJA did not protect P. pinaster seeds and seedlings against F. oxysporum, probably because plants were too young for the physiological mechanisms responsible for resistance to be induced. Based on the morphological changes observed in the treated 6-months-old P. pinaster seedlings (reduction of growth and increased resin duct density), there is evidence that MeJA could have activated the mechanisms of resistance. However, 25 mM MeJA did not reduce plant mortality, probably because the spread of the virulent F. circinatum strain within the tree tissues was faster than the formation of effective defense responses. Based on the lack of phenological changes observed in the treated elms, there is no evidence that MeJA would cause induction of resistance. These results suggest that the use of MeJA to prevent F. oxysporum and F. circinatum in P. pinaster seedlings in nurseries and O. novo-ulmi in U. minor trees should be discarded.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Evaluating methyl jasmonate for induction of resistance to Fusarium oxysporum, F. circinatum and Ophiostoma novo-ulmi","attachmentId":95367532,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/92330437/Evaluating_methyl_jasmonate_for_induction_of_resistance_to_Fusarium_oxysporum_F_circinatum_and_Ophiostoma_novo_ulmi","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/92330437/Evaluating_methyl_jasmonate_for_induction_of_resistance_to_Fusarium_oxysporum_F_circinatum_and_Ophiostoma_novo_ulmi"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="20088591" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20088591/Physiological_and_biochemical_responses_in_Pinus_radiata_seedlings_associated_with_methyl_jasmonate_induced_resistance_to_Diplodia_pinea">Physiological and biochemical responses in Pinus radiata seedlings associated with methyl jasmonate-induced resistance to Diplodia pinea</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="41101453" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GrantNorthcott">Grant Northcott</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 2009</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) concentration and number of applications on the resistance of Pinus radiata to Diplodia pinea infection were investigated. Associated changes in defence-related enzymes and chemicals in stem tissue, shoot water relations, photosynthesis and plant growth are also reported. One foliar application of 1.0 mM or 4.5 mM MeJA, one week before inoculation, reduced D. pinea infection in seedlings by w60%. Increasing the number of applications did not improve disease control and, in the case of 4.5 mM MeJA, caused yellowing of needles. One application of 18 mM MeJA did not control disease, whilst three applications caused severe phytotoxicity leading to death in w50% of seedlings. Seedling growth rate was stimulated following one application of 1.0 mM MeJA, but otherwise exhibited a negative relationship with MeJA concentration and number of applications. A similar relationship was observed between MeJA and seedling fresh weight, dry weight and chlorophyll content. Activities of defence-related enzymes increased in stems after one application of 4.5 mM MeJA and after wounding. By four days after treatment, polyphenol oxidase activity (PPO) had increased 2.3-fold in MeJA-treated seedlings and 3.5-fold in wounded counterparts compared with untreated controls. Soluble guaiacol peroxidase (POX) activity was not induced by MeJA treatment but increased 4-fold after wounding. Both treatments induced a 2-fold increase in the activity of ionically bound POX after 4 days. There was also an increase of at least 40% in a-and b-pinene in the stems after MeJA application or wounding. It was concluded that the response of P. radiata to MeJA was dose dependent, with single applications of low concentrations (1-4.5 mM) promoting seedling health whilst higher concentrations or more frequent applications appeared to be phytotoxic.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Physiological and biochemical responses in Pinus radiata seedlings associated with methyl jasmonate-induced resistance to Diplodia pinea","attachmentId":41244392,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/20088591/Physiological_and_biochemical_responses_in_Pinus_radiata_seedlings_associated_with_methyl_jasmonate_induced_resistance_to_Diplodia_pinea","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/20088591/Physiological_and_biochemical_responses_in_Pinus_radiata_seedlings_associated_with_methyl_jasmonate_induced_resistance_to_Diplodia_pinea"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="75964776" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75964776/Induction_of_Defense_Responses_in_Pinus_sylvestris_Seedlings_by_Methyl_Jasmonate_and_Response_to_Heterobasidion_annosum_and_Lophodermium_seditiosum_Inoculation">Induction of Defense Responses in Pinus sylvestris Seedlings by Methyl Jasmonate and Response to Heterobasidion annosum and Lophodermium seditiosum Inoculation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34649282" href="https://lu-lv.academia.edu/BaibaKrivmane">Baiba Krivmane</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The induction of defense responses in Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) was investigated in three experiments. Two different MeJA application methods were tested, and induction of defense responses was assayed by seedling inoculation with Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. and Lophodermium seditiosum Minter, Staley and Millar. In the first experiment, five-year-old P. sylvestris ramets of one clone were directly treated with MeJA, followed by inoculation with H. annosum. In the second experiment, open-pollinated Scots pine seedlings were treated with MeJA by direct spraying and vaporization, and inoculation with H. annosum was done using a slightly modified protocol. In the third experiment, open-pollinated Scots pine seedlings were treated with MeJA by vaporization and inoculated with L. seditiosum. Direct application of MeJA induced seedling mortality, and in some cases, decreased resistance to inoculation with H. annosum. Application of MeJA by vaporization...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Induction of Defense Responses in Pinus sylvestris Seedlings by Methyl Jasmonate and Response to Heterobasidion annosum and Lophodermium seditiosum Inoculation","attachmentId":83651785,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/75964776/Induction_of_Defense_Responses_in_Pinus_sylvestris_Seedlings_by_Methyl_Jasmonate_and_Response_to_Heterobasidion_annosum_and_Lophodermium_seditiosum_Inoculation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/75964776/Induction_of_Defense_Responses_in_Pinus_sylvestris_Seedlings_by_Methyl_Jasmonate_and_Response_to_Heterobasidion_annosum_and_Lophodermium_seditiosum_Inoculation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="81874537" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/81874537/The_Role_of_Salicylic_Acid_Jasmonic_Acid_and_Ethylene_in_Plant_Defense">The Role of Salicylic Acid, Jasmonic Acid and Ethylene in Plant Defense</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="51747639" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FiroozehChamandoosti">Firoozeh Chamandoosti</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A complex network of crosstalk between the salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) pathways further fine tunes plant defense responses. SA can be formed from cinnamate via ocoumarate or benzoate depending on whether the hydroxylation of the aromatic ring takes place before or after the chainshortening reactions. SA not only functions against biotrophs, but also activates plant resistance against the belowground disease such as rootknot nematodes. The synthesis of jasmonates and many other oxylipins is initiated by lipoxygenases (LOXs), which catalyze the regioand stereoselective dioxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. JA activates plant immune responses to necrotrophic pathogens, some phloemfeeding insects and chewing herbivores. Also JA is also involved in other aspects of plantpathogen interactions, including systemic acquired resistance (SAR). The role of ethylene (ET) in plant diseases resistance is dramatically different duo to type of pathogene and plant species. There are many evidence that show ethylene response is linked to gene for gene resistance. It is proven that there are a strong connection between different pathways related to SA, JA and ET for plant diseases resistance. So that SAdependent and JA/ethylenedependent pathwa ys induce expression of different sets of PR genes and result in plant resistance to different pathogens.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Role of Salicylic Acid, Jasmonic Acid and Ethylene in Plant Defense","attachmentId":87766171,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/81874537/The_Role_of_Salicylic_Acid_Jasmonic_Acid_and_Ethylene_in_Plant_Defense","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/81874537/The_Role_of_Salicylic_Acid_Jasmonic_Acid_and_Ethylene_in_Plant_Defense"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="81520317" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/81520317/Impact_of_jasmonic_acid_on_lignification_in_the_hemp_hypocotyl">Impact of jasmonic acid on lignification in the hemp hypocotyl</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="56362474" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CGuignard">Cédric Guignard</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Plant Signaling & Behavior, 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Phytohormones are crucial molecules regulating plant development and responses to environmental challenges, including abiotic stresses, microbial and insect attacks. Most notably, phytohormones play important roles in the biosynthesis of lignocellulosics. Jasmonates are involved in secondary growth and secondary metabolism, such as phenylpropanoids and lignin biosyntheses. At the physiological and molecular levels, the actions of phytohormones depend on subtle concentration changes, as well as antagonistic equilibria between two or more of these molecules. In this article, we investigate the consequences of jasmonic acid (JA) spraying on young hemp hypocotyls. First, we show that JA application results in changes in the monomeric composition of lignin. Second, we highlight that, five days after application, JA leads to an increase in salicylic acid (SA) content in hemp hypocotyls. These results are discussed in the light of the known antagonism between JA and SA at both the physiological and molecular levels.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Impact of jasmonic acid on lignification in the hemp hypocotyl","attachmentId":87535995,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/81520317/Impact_of_jasmonic_acid_on_lignification_in_the_hemp_hypocotyl","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/81520317/Impact_of_jasmonic_acid_on_lignification_in_the_hemp_hypocotyl"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="61282419" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/61282419/Resistance_and_response_of_Pinus_pinaster_seedlings_to_Hylobius_abietis_after_induction_with_methyl_jasmonate">Resistance and response of Pinus pinaster seedlings to Hylobius abietis after induction with methyl jasmonate</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="30937494" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LuisSampedro">Luis Sampedro</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Plant Ecology, 2011</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Experimental induction of plant chemical defences with methyl jasmonate (MeJa) is a valuable tool for understanding the ecology of plant defensive responses. However few studies have examined whether MeJa-induced defences in conifers are effective against insect herbivores. We studied, in 17 half-sib Pinus pinaster families, (i) the effect of MeJa application on plant growth and on the induction of diterpenoid resin in different sections of the stem; (ii) whether MeJa-induced defences increase the resistance of living pine juveniles against the large pine weevil Hylobius abietis in an in vivo bioassay, and (iii) the induction of resin content after weevil wounding. Resin concentration was greater in the upper section of the stem compared with basal sections in both MeJa-induced and non-induced seedlings. Sixty days after MeJa application treated plants showed 40% greater resin content all along the stem, but reduced height growth compared to control plants. MeJa-induction was effective against the pine weevil, as induced seedlings were 30% less damaged than control plants. Wounding activity by H. abietis produced a strong local defensive response after 48 h, where resin concentration was double that observed in the basal and apical sections not exposed to the insects.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Resistance and response of Pinus pinaster seedlings to Hylobius abietis after induction with methyl jasmonate","attachmentId":74362004,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/61282419/Resistance_and_response_of_Pinus_pinaster_seedlings_to_Hylobius_abietis_after_induction_with_methyl_jasmonate","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/61282419/Resistance_and_response_of_Pinus_pinaster_seedlings_to_Hylobius_abietis_after_induction_with_methyl_jasmonate"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":85091832,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":85091832,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_85091832" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="20813743" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20813743/Methyl_jasmonate_treatment_of_mature_Norway_spruce_Picea_abies_trees_increases_the_accumulation_of_terpenoid_resin_components_and_protects_against_infection_by_Ceratocystis_polonica_a_bark_beetle_associated_fungus">Methyl jasmonate treatment of mature Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees increases the accumulation of terpenoid resin components and protects against infection by Ceratocystis polonica, a bark beetle-associated fungus</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42107435" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PKrokene">Paal Krokene</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Tree Physiology, 2006</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Methyl jasmonate treatment of mature Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees increases the accumulation of terpenoid resin components and protects against infection by Ceratocystis polonica, a bark beetle-associated fungus","attachmentId":41576690,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/20813743/Methyl_jasmonate_treatment_of_mature_Norway_spruce_Picea_abies_trees_increases_the_accumulation_of_terpenoid_resin_components_and_protects_against_infection_by_Ceratocystis_polonica_a_bark_beetle_associated_fungus","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/20813743/Methyl_jasmonate_treatment_of_mature_Norway_spruce_Picea_abies_trees_increases_the_accumulation_of_terpenoid_resin_components_and_protects_against_infection_by_Ceratocystis_polonica_a_bark_beetle_associated_fungus"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="18088051" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" 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data-entity-id="114924330" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/114924330/Effect_of_Exogenous_Application_of_Jasmonic_Acid_on_Date_Palm_Defense_Reaction_against_Fusarium_oxysporum_f_sp_albedinis">Effect of Exogenous Application of Jasmonic Acid on Date Palm Defense Reaction against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. albedinis</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="113665832" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AbdelhiDihazl">Abdelhi Dihazl</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Phytopathologia Mediterranea</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Effect of Exogenous Application of Jasmonic Acid on Date Palm 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