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It accumulates trypsin inhibitors and α-amylase inhibitors in seeds and leaves that" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/4266522/1694482/2034370/s200_paloma.barbosa.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/3579109/The_Effect_of_Exogenous_Jasmonic_Acid_on_Induced_Resistance_and_Productivity_in_Amaranth_Amaranthus_hypochondriacus_Is_Influenced_by_Environmental_Conditions" /> <meta property="og:title" content="The Effect of Exogenous Jasmonic Acid on Induced Resistance and Productivity in Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) Is Influenced by Environmental Conditions" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Amaranthus hypochondriacus is a C4 pseudocereal crop capable of producing reasonable grain yields in adverse environmental conditions that limit cereal performance. It accumulates trypsin inhibitors and α-amylase inhibitors in seeds and leaves that" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://independent.academia.edu/PalomaBarbosa" /> <meta name="description" content="Amaranthus hypochondriacus is a C4 pseudocereal crop capable of producing reasonable grain yields in adverse environmental conditions that limit cereal performance. It accumulates trypsin inhibitors and α-amylase inhibitors in seeds and leaves that" /> <title>(PDF) The Effect of Exogenous Jasmonic Acid on Induced Resistance and Productivity in Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) Is Influenced by Environmental Conditions</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/10247411/The_Effect_of_Exogenous_Jasmonic_Acid_on_Induced_Resistance_and_Productivity_in_Amaranth_Amaranthus_hypochondriacus_Is_Influenced_by_Environmental_Conditions" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '29cbb9485f79f49ca3eb38b6f0905739256f19a4'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1740208816000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1740208816000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Amaranthus hypochondriacus is a C4 pseudocereal crop capable of producing reasonable grain yields in adverse environmental conditions that limit cereal performance. It accumulates trypsin inhibitors and α-amylase inhibitors in seeds and leaves that are considered to act as insect feeding deterrents. Foliar trypsin and α-amylase inhibitors also accumulate by treatment with exogenous jasmonic acid (JA) in controlled laboratory conditions. Three field experiments were performed in successive years to test if two nonphytotoxic dosages of JA were capable of inducing inhibitor activity in A. hypochondriacus in agronomical settings, and if this induced response reduced insect herbivory and insect abundance in foliage and seed heads. The performance of JA-treated plants was compared to insecticide-treated plants and untreated controls. The effect of exogenous JA on the foliar levels of six additional putatively defence proteins was also evaluated. Possible adverse effects of JA induction on productivity were evaluated by measuring grain yield, seed protein content, and germination efficiency. The results present a complex pattern and were not consistent from year to year. To some extent, the yearly variability observed could have been consequence of growth under drought versus nondrought conditions. In a drought year, JA-treated plants had lower levels of insect herbivory-derived damage in apical leaves and panicle than control plants, whereas in nondrought years, there was an inconsistent effect on aphids, with no effect on lepidopteran larvae. JA treatments reduced the size of the insect community in seed heads. The effect varied with year. Exogenous JA did not adversely affect productivity, and in the absence of drought stress, the higher dosage enhanced grain yield. Induction of defensive proteins by JA, although sporadic, was more effective in nondrought conditions. The patterns of foliar protein accumulation observed suggest that they may be part of a constitutive, rather than inducible, chemical defense mechanism that is developmentally regulated and critically dependent on the environment. The results emphasize the difficulties that are often encountered when evaluating the performance of chemical elicitors of induced resistance in field settings.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Paloma Barbosa","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PalomaBarbosa"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2013-05-21","dateModified":"2015-12-16","datePublished":"2004-01-01","headline":"The Effect of Exogenous Jasmonic Acid on Induced Resistance and Productivity in Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) Is Influenced by Environmental Conditions","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50220333/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":[],"publication":"Journal of Chemical Ecology","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":null}],"thumbnailUrl":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50220333/thumbnails/1.jpg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3579109/The_Effect_of_Exogenous_Jasmonic_Acid_on_Induced_Resistance_and_Productivity_in_Amaranth_Amaranthus_hypochondriacus_Is_Influenced_by_Environmental_Conditions"}</script><style type="text/css">@media(max-width: 567px){:root{--token-mode: Rebrand;--dropshadow: 0 2px 4px 0 #22223340;--primary-brand: #0645b1;--error-dark: #b60000;--success-dark: #05b01c;--inactive-fill: #ebebee;--hover: #0c3b8d;--pressed: #082f75;--button-primary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--button-primary-fill: #0645b1;--button-primary-text: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-primary-fill-press: #082f75;--button-primary-icon: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-inverse: 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It accumulates trypsin inhibitors and α-amylase inhibitors in seeds and leaves that are considered to act as insect feeding deterrents. Foliar trypsin and α-amylase inhibitors also accumulate by treatment with exogenous jasmonic acid (JA) in controlled laboratory conditions. Three field experiments were performed in successive years to test if two nonphytotoxic dosages of JA were capable of inducing inhibitor activity in A. hypochondriacus in agronomical settings, and if this induced response reduced insect herbivory and insect abundance in foliage and seed heads. The performance of JA-treated plants was compared to insecticide-treated plants and untreated controls. The effect of exogenous JA on the foliar levels of six additional putatively defence proteins was also evaluated. Possible adverse effects of JA induction on productivity were evaluated by measuring grain yield, seed protein content, and germination efficiency. The results present a complex pattern and were not consistent from year to year. To some extent, the yearly variability observed could have been consequence of growth under drought versus nondrought conditions. In a drought year, JA-treated plants had lower levels of insect herbivory-derived damage in apical leaves and panicle than control plants, whereas in nondrought years, there was an inconsistent effect on aphids, with no effect on lepidopteran larvae. JA treatments reduced the size of the insect community in seed heads. The effect varied with year. Exogenous JA did not adversely affect productivity, and in the absence of drought stress, the higher dosage enhanced grain yield. Induction of defensive proteins by JA, although sporadic, was more effective in nondrought conditions. The patterns of foliar protein accumulation observed suggest that they may be part of a constitutive, rather than inducible, chemical defense mechanism that is developmentally regulated and critically dependent on the environment. The results emphasize the difficulties that are often encountered when evaluating the performance of chemical elicitors of induced resistance in field settings.","publication_date":"2004,,","publication_name":"Journal of Chemical Ecology"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"The Effect of Exogenous Jasmonic Acid on Induced Resistance and Productivity in Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) Is Influenced by Environmental Conditions","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [4266522]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":50220333,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “The Effect of Exogenous Jasmonic Acid on Induced Resistance and Productivity in Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) Is Influenced by Environmental Conditions”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/50220333/mini_magick20190129-14798-yggt6c.png?1548801783" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">The Effect of Exogenous Jasmonic Acid on Induced Resistance and Productivity in Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) Is Influenced by Environmental Conditions</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4266522" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PalomaBarbosa"><img alt="Profile image of Paloma Barbosa" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/4266522/1694482/2034370/s65_paloma.barbosa.jpg" />Paloma Barbosa</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2004, Journal of Chemical Ecology</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">34 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 3579109; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=3579109"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Amaranthus hypochondriacus is a C4 pseudocereal crop capable of producing reasonable grain yields in adverse environmental conditions that limit cereal performance. It accumulates trypsin inhibitors and α-amylase inhibitors in seeds and leaves that are considered to act as insect feeding deterrents. Foliar trypsin and α-amylase inhibitors also accumulate by treatment with exogenous jasmonic acid (JA) in controlled laboratory conditions. Three field experiments were performed in successive years to test if two nonphytotoxic dosages of JA were capable of inducing inhibitor activity in A. hypochondriacus in agronomical settings, and if this induced response reduced insect herbivory and insect abundance in foliage and seed heads. The performance of JA-treated plants was compared to insecticide-treated plants and untreated controls. The effect of exogenous JA on the foliar levels of six additional putatively defence proteins was also evaluated. Possible adverse effects of JA induction on productivity were evaluated by measuring grain yield, seed protein content, and germination efficiency. The results present a complex pattern and were not consistent from year to year. To some extent, the yearly variability observed could have been consequence of growth under drought versus nondrought conditions. In a drought year, JA-treated plants had lower levels of insect herbivory-derived damage in apical leaves and panicle than control plants, whereas in nondrought years, there was an inconsistent effect on aphids, with no effect on lepidopteran larvae. JA treatments reduced the size of the insect community in seed heads. The effect varied with year. Exogenous JA did not adversely affect productivity, and in the absence of drought stress, the higher dosage enhanced grain yield. Induction of defensive proteins by JA, although sporadic, was more effective in nondrought conditions. The patterns of foliar protein accumulation observed suggest that they may be part of a constitutive, rather than inducible, chemical defense mechanism that is developmentally regulated and critically dependent on the environment. The results emphasize the difficulties that are often encountered when evaluating the performance of chemical elicitors of induced resistance in field settings.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":50220333,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/3579109/The_Effect_of_Exogenous_Jasmonic_Acid_on_Induced_Resistance_and_Productivity_in_Amaranth_Amaranthus_hypochondriacus_Is_Influenced_by_Environmental_Conditions"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":50220333,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/3579109/The_Effect_of_Exogenous_Jasmonic_Acid_on_Induced_Resistance_and_Productivity_in_Amaranth_Amaranthus_hypochondriacus_Is_Influenced_by_Environmental_Conditions"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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Induced resistance was activated in winter wheat using a foliar application of synthetic jasmonic acid. Field trials were conducted to observe effects of jasmonic acid application on some wheat insects. Two wheat cultivars (Cubus and Tommi) were sprayed twice at growth stages (GS) 41 and 59 with two concentrations of jasmonic acid, along with control plots that were sprayed with water. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the number of thrips and wheat blossom midges (WBM) among treatments in both cultivars. Plants in control plots had higher numbers of thrips and midges than in treated plots. There were higher numbers of thrips in the Tommi cultivar than in the Cubus cultivar,while the latter had higher numbers ofWBM larvae than the Tommi cultivar. There was a positive correlation between WBM numbers and infested kernels in both cultivars. This study also indicated that jasmonic acid enhances the wheat yield in sprayed plots compared with control plots. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that jasmonic acid induced pest resistance in wheat plants and may act as a resistance mechanism of wheat against insect herbivores.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Jasmonic acid induces resistance to economically important insect pests in winter wheat","attachmentId":37316662,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11961367/Jasmonic_acid_induces_resistance_to_economically_important_insect_pests_in_winter_wheat","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/11961367/Jasmonic_acid_induces_resistance_to_economically_important_insect_pests_in_winter_wheat"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="84689911" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/84689911/Benefits_and_costs_of_tomato_seed_treatment_with_plant_defense_elicitors_for_insect_resistance">Benefits and costs of tomato seed treatment with plant defense elicitors for insect resistance</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="46818454" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EdwinRajotte">Edwin Rajotte</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Seeds may be receptive to plant defense activators such as b-amino butyric acid and jasmonic acid, conferring protection to the subsequent plant against a wide spectrum of plant pathogens and insects. We examined the independent and interactive effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) seed treatment on tomato fruit worm (Helicoverpa zea) larval growth and the activity of the defensive protein, polyphenol oxidase (PPO), in leaves of tomato plants at three different plant stages. Additionally, we measured the dosage effects of MeJA seed treatment on several plant vegetative and reproductive traits. Results suggest that seed treatment with MeJA will induce defenses in plants, which is correlated with increased PPO activity in leaves and reduction in larval growth. However, fitness costs in plants were observed with higher dosage of MeJA. Thus, if successfully integrated with other facets of an integrated pest management program, the use of MeJA as elicitors of plant defense could be an important tool in managing insect pests and contribute to a reduction in applications of chemical pesticides.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Benefits and costs of tomato seed treatment with plant defense elicitors for insect resistance","attachmentId":89624909,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/84689911/Benefits_and_costs_of_tomato_seed_treatment_with_plant_defense_elicitors_for_insect_resistance","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/84689911/Benefits_and_costs_of_tomato_seed_treatment_with_plant_defense_elicitors_for_insect_resistance"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="60675220" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60675220/Effect_of_jasmonic_acid_and_salicylic_acid_induced_resistance_in_groundnut_on_Helicoverpa_armigera">Effect of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid induced resistance in groundnut on Helicoverpa armigera</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="135042638" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AbdulWar1">Abdul War</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Physiological Entomology, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Induced resistance in plants affects insect growth and development as a result of the up-regulation of defence-related secondary metabolites or enzyme-binding proteins. In the present study, the effects of jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) induced resistance in groundnut on Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) are examined. Larval survival, larval weights and the activities of digestive enzymes (total serine protease and trypsin) and of detoxifying enzymes [glutathione S-transferase (GST) and esterase (EST)] are studied in insects fed on four groundnut genotypes with moderate levels of resistance to H. armigera (ICGV 86699, ICGV 86031, ICG 2271 and ICG 1697) and a susceptible genotype (JL 24). The plants are pre-and/or simultaneously treated with JA and SA, and then infested with H. armigera, which are allowed to feed for 6 days. Significantly lower serine protease and trypsin activities are observed in H. armigera fed on plants treated with JA. Greater GST activity is recorded in insects fed on JA and SA treated plants, whereas EST activity is low in H. armigera larvae fed on plants treated with JA and SA. Serine proteases, trypsin and GST activities and larval weights (r = 0.74-0.95) and larval survival (r = 0.77-0.93) are positively correlated, whereas EST activity and larval weight (r = −0.55) and larval survival (r = −0.65) are negatively correlated. The results suggest that midgut digestive and detoxifying enzymes can be used as indicators of the adverse effects of constitutive and/or induced resistance in crop plants on the insect pests and the role of JA and SA in insect pest management.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Effect of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid induced resistance in groundnut on Helicoverpa armigera","attachmentId":74012187,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/60675220/Effect_of_jasmonic_acid_and_salicylic_acid_induced_resistance_in_groundnut_on_Helicoverpa_armigera","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/60675220/Effect_of_jasmonic_acid_and_salicylic_acid_induced_resistance_in_groundnut_on_Helicoverpa_armigera"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="11961784" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11961784/Effect_of_Jasmonic_Application_on_Economically_Insect_Pests_and_Yield_in_Spring_Wheat">Effect of Jasmonic Application on Economically Insect Pests and Yield in Spring Wheat</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="27955865" href="https://nrc.academia.edu/NabilEmara">Prof. Dr. Nabil Elwakeil</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Field trials were conducted in spring wheat to observe effects of jasmonic acid (Ja) on aphids, thrips and wheat blossom midge (WbM). two spring wheat varieties (triso and Kadrilj) were sprayed twice, with two concentrations of Ja plus control. Wheat pests and associated natural enemies (Coccinellidae, empididae and aphelinidae) were surveyed by direct count and sweep net methods. thrips larvae and adults and WbM larvae were estimated by dissecting wheat ears. Wheat midge larvae were monitored using white traps in treated and untreated plots. at the end of season, wheat yield was assessed in treated and control plots. there was a significant difference in the number of insect pests and their natural enemies between treatments in both varieties. Plants in control plots had higher numbers of aphids, thrips and midges than in treated plots. there were more aphids, thrips and midges on the variety ‘triso’ than on ‘Kadrilj’. Ja application enhanced wheat yield in treated plots compared to control plots. the results indicated that Ja mediated induction of plant defense in wheat plants can improve resistance against insect herbivores. Ja could be used to develop environmentally sound crop management with reduced insecticide applications.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Effect of Jasmonic Application on Economically Insect Pests and Yield in Spring Wheat","attachmentId":37317005,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11961784/Effect_of_Jasmonic_Application_on_Economically_Insect_Pests_and_Yield_in_Spring_Wheat","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/11961784/Effect_of_Jasmonic_Application_on_Economically_Insect_Pests_and_Yield_in_Spring_Wheat"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="89974256" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/89974256/Editorial_Inducing_Plant_Resistance_Against_Insects_Using_Exogenous_Bioactive_Chemicals_Key_Advances_and_Future_Perspectives">Editorial: Inducing Plant Resistance Against Insects Using Exogenous Bioactive Chemicals: Key Advances and Future Perspectives</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="96391072" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SobhyIslam">Islam Sobhy</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Frontiers in Plant Science</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Editorial: Inducing Plant Resistance Against Insects Using Exogenous Bioactive Chemicals: Key Advances and Future Perspectives","attachmentId":93665894,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/89974256/Editorial_Inducing_Plant_Resistance_Against_Insects_Using_Exogenous_Bioactive_Chemicals_Key_Advances_and_Future_Perspectives","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/89974256/Editorial_Inducing_Plant_Resistance_Against_Insects_Using_Exogenous_Bioactive_Chemicals_Key_Advances_and_Future_Perspectives"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="97923900" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/97923900/Methyl_jasmonate_induced_responses_in_four_plant_species_and_its_effect_on_Spodoptera_litura_Fab_performance">Methyl jasmonate induced responses in four plant species and its effect on Spodoptera litura Fab. performance</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="260102323" href="https://independent.academia.edu/jitendrayadav389">jitendra yadav</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 2011</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Defensive proteins, such as polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and trypsin inhibitor (TI), are induced by herbivore wounding and exogenous methyl jasmonate application in various plant species. This study was conducted to measure induction of PPO and TI in radish, sweet pepper, tomato, and water spinach plants following herbivore wounding (I), methyl jasmonate application (M), and a combination of the two treatments (M + I). The effect of induced responses was also examined against third instar Spodoptera litura Fab. PPO activity was induced in radish by treatment I only; in sweet pepper, by treatments I and M; in tomato, by treatments I, M, and M + I; and in water spinach, by treatments M and M + I. The activity of TI was enhanced 1.2-1.4-fold in radish, sweet pepper, and tomato by M and M + I treatments, whereas in water spinach, it was enhanced 1.2-fold by all 3 treatments. The relative growth rate (RGR) of S. litura was reduced by 53% on radish plants following M treatment only. It was reduced by 37% and 42% on sweet paper plants following M and M + I treatment, respectively. RGR was significantly reduced on test tomato plants following I, M, and M + I treatments. The RGR of S. litura was unaffected on water spinach plants following any treatment. Collectively, the results of this study indicated that induction of plant defensive proteins in response to S. litura feeding or exogenous methyl jasmonate application varied among plant species, which further affected the induced plant resistance to the caterpillars.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Methyl jasmonate induced responses in four plant species and its effect on Spodoptera litura Fab. performance","attachmentId":99415217,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/97923900/Methyl_jasmonate_induced_responses_in_four_plant_species_and_its_effect_on_Spodoptera_litura_Fab_performance","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/97923900/Methyl_jasmonate_induced_responses_in_four_plant_species_and_its_effect_on_Spodoptera_litura_Fab_performance"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="59572748" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/59572748/Induced_resistance_in_groundnut_by_jasmonic_acid_and_salicylic_acid_through_alteration_of_trichome_density_and_oviposition_by_Helicoverpa_armigera_Lepidoptera_Noctuidae_">Induced resistance in groundnut by jasmonic acid and salicylic acid through alteration of trichome density and oviposition by Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="11630289" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BarkatHussain">Barkat Hussain</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">AoB PLANTS</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) are important phytohormones involved in plant resistance against insect herbivory and pathogen infection. Application of JA and SA induces several defensive traits in plants. Here we investigated the effect of JA and SA on trichome density in five groundnut genotypes [ICGV 86699, ICGV 86031, ICG 2271, ICG 1697 (resistant) and JL 24 (susceptible)]. The effect of JA-and SA-induced resistance on the oviposition behaviour of Helicoverpa armigera on different groundnut genotypes was also studied. Pre-treatment with JA increased numbers of trichomes in the insect-resistant genotypes, ICGV 86699, ICGV 86031, ICG 2271, and ICG 1697. The induction was greater at 10 days after treatment. Jasmonic acid-and SA-treated plants showed a substantial effect on the oviposition behaviour of H. armigera. Jasmonic acid application and herbivory reduced the number of eggs laid by H. armigera in all the groundnut genotypes tested. However, a greater reduction was recorded on plants pre-treated with JA. More egg laying was recorded in JL 24 in all the treatments as compared to the insect-resistant genotypes. These results suggested that pre-treatment with JA increased trichome density in groundnut plants, which conferred antixenosis for oviposition by H. armigera.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Induced resistance in groundnut by jasmonic acid and salicylic acid through alteration of trichome density and oviposition by Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","attachmentId":73426629,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/59572748/Induced_resistance_in_groundnut_by_jasmonic_acid_and_salicylic_acid_through_alteration_of_trichome_density_and_oviposition_by_Helicoverpa_armigera_Lepidoptera_Noctuidae_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/59572748/Induced_resistance_in_groundnut_by_jasmonic_acid_and_salicylic_acid_through_alteration_of_trichome_density_and_oviposition_by_Helicoverpa_armigera_Lepidoptera_Noctuidae_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="126434847" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/126434847/Editorial_Advances_in_Crop_Resistance_for_Insect_Pest_Control">Editorial: Advances in Crop Resistance for Insect Pest Control</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33446013" href="https://rutgers.academia.edu/CesarRodriguezsaona">Cesar Rodriguez-saona</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Frontiers in Agronomy, 2022</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Editorial: Advances in Crop Resistance for Insect Pest Control","attachmentId":120312549,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/126434847/Editorial_Advances_in_Crop_Resistance_for_Insect_Pest_Control","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/126434847/Editorial_Advances_in_Crop_Resistance_for_Insect_Pest_Control"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="33274564" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33274564/Jasmonate_is_essential_for_insect_defense_in_Arabidopsis">Jasmonate is essential for insect defense in Arabidopsis</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="64977449" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JohnMullet">John Mullet</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1997</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The signaling pathways that allow plants to mount defenses against chewing insects are known to be complex. To investigate the role of jasmonate in wound signaling in Arabidopsis and to test whether parallel or redundant pathways exist for insect defense, we have studied a mutant (fad3-2 fad7-2 fad8) that is deficient in the jasmonate precursor linolenic acid. Mutant plants contained negligible levels of jasmonate and showed extremely high mortality (Ϸ80%) from attack by larvae of a common saprophagous fungal gnat, Bradysia impatiens (Diptera: Sciaridae), even though neighboring wild-type plants were largely unaffected. Application of exogenous methyl jasmonate substantially protected the mutant plants and reduced mortality to Ϸ12%. These experiments precisely define the role of jasmonate as being essential for the induction of biologically effective defense in this plant-insect interaction. The transcripts of three wound-responsive genes were shown not to be induced by wounding of mutant plants but the same transcripts could be induced by application of methyl jasmonate. By contrast, measurements of transcript levels for a gene encoding glutathione S-transferase demonstrated that wound induction of this gene is independent of jasmonate synthesis. These results indicate that the mutant will be a good genetic model for testing the practical effectiveness of candidate defense genes.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Jasmonate is essential for insect defense in Arabidopsis","attachmentId":53342948,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33274564/Jasmonate_is_essential_for_insect_defense_in_Arabidopsis","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/33274564/Jasmonate_is_essential_for_insect_defense_in_Arabidopsis"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="48194636" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48194636/Induced_resistance_to_Helicoverpa_armigera_through_exogenous_application_of_jasmonic_acid_and_salicylic_acid_in_groundnut_Arachis_hypogaea">Induced resistance to Helicoverpa armigera through exogenous application of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid in groundnut, Arachis hypogaea</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="132410091" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HariChandSharma">Hari Chand Sharma</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Pest Management Science, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">BACKGROUND: Induced resistance to Helicoverpa armigera through exogenous application of jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) was studied in groundnut genotypes (ICGV 86699, ICGV 86031, ICG 2271 and ICG 1697) with different levels of resistance to insects and the susceptible check JL 24 under greenhouse conditions. Activities of oxidative enzymes and the amounts of secondary metabolites and proteins were quantified at 6 days after JA and SA application/insect infestation. Data were also recorded on plant damage and H. armigera larval weights and survival. RESULTS: Higher levels of enzymatic activities and amounts of secondary metabolites were observed in the insect-resistant genotypes pretreated with JA and then infested with H. armigera than in JL 24. The insect-resistant genotypes suffered lower insect damage and resulted in poor survival and lower weights of H. armigera larvae than JL 24. In some cases, JA and SA showed similar effects. CONCLUSION: JA and SA induced the activity of antioxidative enzymes in groundnut plants against H. armigera, and reduced its growth and development. However, induced response to application of JA was greater than to SA, and resulted in reduced plant damage, and larval weights and survival, suggesting that induced resistance can be used as a component of pest management in groundnut.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Induced resistance to Helicoverpa armigera through exogenous application of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid in groundnut, Arachis hypogaea","attachmentId":66933819,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/48194636/Induced_resistance_to_Helicoverpa_armigera_through_exogenous_application_of_jasmonic_acid_and_salicylic_acid_in_groundnut_Arachis_hypogaea","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/48194636/Induced_resistance_to_Helicoverpa_armigera_through_exogenous_application_of_jasmonic_acid_and_salicylic_acid_in_groundnut_Arachis_hypogaea"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":50220333,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":50220333,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_50220333" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="733893" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/733893/Elicitors_of_plant_defensive_systems_reduce_insect_densities_and_disease_incidence">Elicitors of plant defensive systems reduce insect densities and disease incidence</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="158765" href="https://uga.academia.edu/RichardMayer">Richard Mayer</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Chemical …, 1998</p><div 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