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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">10th-century empress dowager of the Liao dynasty</div> <p> <b>Yaonian Yanmujin</b> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">遙輦巖母斤</span>) or <b>Xiao Yanmujin</b> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">蕭巖母斤</span>) (died 18 December 933<sup id="cite_ref-HL3_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HL3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AS_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), formally <b>Empress Xuanjian</b> (宣簡皇后), was an <a href="/wiki/Empress_dowager" title="Empress dowager">empress dowager</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Khitan_people" title="Khitan people">Khitan</a>-led Chinese <a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao dynasty</a>. She was the mother of Liao's founder <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taizu_of_Liao" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Taizu of Liao">Emperor Taizu of Liao</a> (Yelü Abaoji) and the wife of his father Yelü Saladi (耶律薩剌的). During the reign of Emperor Taizu's son <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taizong_of_Liao" title="Emperor Taizong of Liao">Emperor Taizong</a>, she was <a href="/wiki/Grand_empress_dowager" title="Grand empress dowager">grand empress dowager</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background_and_marriage_to_Yelü_Saladi"><span id="Background_and_marriage_to_Yel.C3.BC_Saladi"></span>Background and marriage to Yelü Saladi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaonian_Yanmujin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background and marriage to Yelü Saladi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is not known when Yaonian Yanmujin was born. (She is referred to in traditional historical sources (such as the <i><a href="/wiki/History_of_Liao" title="History of Liao">History of Liao</a></i>) as Xiao Yanmujin because, according to the <i>History of Liao</i>, <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taizu_of_Liao" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Taizu of Liao">Emperor Taizu</a> greatly admired <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Gao_of_Han" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Gao of Han">Emperor Gao of Han</a>, and so referred to his own Yelü clan by the name of <a href="/wiki/Liu" title="Liu">Liu</a> as well, while he had the names of the traditional wife clans of Yelü chieftains — the most prominent of whom included the Yishi (乙室) and Bali (拔裏) clans — change their names to <a href="/wiki/Xiao_(surname)" title="Xiao (surname)">Xiao</a> (after Emperor Gao's prime minister <a href="/wiki/Xiao_He" title="Xiao He">Xiao He</a>), and thus almost all Liao empresses, both actual and posthumously honored ones, were known by the surname of Xiao.) Yaonian Yanmujin was of the Yaonian clan and was a daughter of the chancellor Yaonian Tila (遙輦剔剌).<sup id="cite_ref-HL71_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HL71-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At some point, Yaonian Yanmujin married the Yelü chieftain Yelü Saladi. They had six children — including five of Yaonian's six sons and his oldest son Yelü Abaoji, and one daughter.<sup id="cite_ref-HL71_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HL71-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="As_empress_dowager">As empress dowager</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaonian_Yanmujin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: As empress dowager"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After Yelü Abaoji succeeded Yelü Saladi as the Yelü chief, he conquered the other Khitan tribes by force, and by 907, he had declared himself the emperor of a new <a href="/wiki/Liao_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Liao Dynasty">Khitan Empire</a> (which would later become known as Liao) as its Emperor Taizu. He honored his mother Yaonian Yamujin as <a href="/wiki/Empress_dowager" title="Empress dowager">empress dowager</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HL1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HL1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Still, despite her honored title, her daughter-in-law <a href="/wiki/Empress_Shul%C3%BC_Ping" class="mw-redirect" title="Empress Shulü Ping">Empress Shulü Ping</a>, because of Empress Shulü's own battlefield accomplishments, refused to bow to her (or Empress Shulü's own mother) and instead made them bow to herself, stating, "I only bow to Heaven, not to humans."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 913, while Emperor Taizu was away at Lu River (蘆水), he believed that there would be a joint rebellion by his brothers Yelü Diela (耶律迭剌 (whom he had made the King of the <a href="/wiki/Kumo_Xi" title="Kumo Xi">Xi</a>)) and Yelü Anduan (耶律安端), and therefore arrested them. When another brother, Yelü Lage (耶律剌葛) heard this, Yelü Lage then arrived at the Khitan headquarters with an army, apparently planning to declare himself emperor. It was at Empress Dowager Yaonian's orders that he departed from the headquarters. His army subsequently pillaged the headquarters but were repelled by Empress Shulü's army, and they subsequently departed.<sup id="cite_ref-HL1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HL1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 919, on an occasion when Emperor Taizu was attacking the Wugu Tribe (烏古), he heard that Empress Dowager Yaonian was ill, and therefore returned to headquarters to attend to her. He resumed the Wugu campaign once she recovered.<sup id="cite_ref-HL2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HL2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="As_grand_empress_dowager">As grand empress dowager</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaonian_Yanmujin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: As grand empress dowager"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 927, Emperor Taizu died and was succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taizong_of_Liao" title="Emperor Taizong of Liao">Yelü Deguang</a> (as Emperor Taizong). Emperor Taizong honored Empress Dowager Yaonian as grand empress dowager. She died in 933.<sup id="cite_ref-HL3_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HL3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaonian_Yanmujin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-HL3-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HL3_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HL3_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/History_of_Liao" title="History of Liao">History of Liao</a></i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E9%81%BC%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B73" class="extiw" title="zh:s:遼史/卷3">vol. 3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AS-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AS_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Academia_Sinica" title="Academia Sinica">Academia Sinica</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sinocal.sinica.edu.tw/">Chinese-Western Calendar Converter</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HL71-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HL71_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HL71_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>History of Liao</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E9%81%BC%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B771" class="extiw" title="zh:s:遼史/卷71">vol. 71</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>History of Liao</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sidneyluo.net/a/a21/064.htm">vol. 64</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HL1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HL1_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HL1_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>History of Liao</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E9%81%BC%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B71" class="extiw" title="zh:s:遼史/卷1">vol. 1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Zizhi_Tongjian" title="Zizhi Tongjian">Zizhi Tongjian</a></i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7269" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷269">vol. 269</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HL2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HL2_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>History of Liao</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E9%81%BC%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B72" class="extiw" title="zh:s:遼史/卷2">vol. 2</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Empresses_of_the_Liao_dynasty" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Liao_empresses" title="Template:Liao empresses"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Liao_empresses" title="Template talk:Liao empresses"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Liao_empresses" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Liao empresses"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Empresses_of_the_Liao_dynasty" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Empresses of the <a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao dynasty</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#ccccff;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Empresses consort</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shul%C3%BC_Ping" title="Shulü Ping">Shulü Ping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiao_Wen" title="Xiao Wen">Xiao Wen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Zhen_(Liao_dynasty)" title="Empress Zhen (Liao dynasty)">Empress Zhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiao_Sagezhi" title="Xiao Sagezhi">Xiao Sagezhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiao_Yanyan" title="Xiao Yanyan">Xiao Yanyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiao_Noujin" title="Xiao Noujin">Xiao Noujin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiao_Guanyin" title="Xiao Guanyin">Xiao Guanyin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qara_Khitai" title="Qara Khitai">Western Liao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiao_Tabuyan" title="Xiao Tabuyan">Xiao Tabuyan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#ccccff;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Empresses dowager</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yaonian Yanmujin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shul%C3%BC_Ping" title="Shulü Ping">Shulü Ping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Dowager_Xiao_(Shizong)" title="Empress Dowager Xiao (Shizong)">Empress Dowager Xiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiao_Yanyan" title="Xiao Yanyan">Xiao Yanyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiao_Noujin" title="Xiao Noujin">Xiao Noujin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qara_Khitai" title="Qara Khitai">Western Liao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yel%C3%BC_Pusuwan" title="Yelü Pusuwan">Yelü Pusuwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#ccccff;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Grand empresses dowager</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yaonian Yanmujin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiao_Noujin" title="Xiao Noujin">Xiao Noujin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Xia → <a href="/wiki/Template:Queens_of_Shang" title="Template:Queens of Shang">Shang</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Queens_of_Zhou" title="Template:Queens of Zhou">Zhou</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Royal_consorts_of_Qin" title="Template:Royal consorts of Qin">Qin</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Han_empresses" title="Template:Han empresses">Han</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Three_Kingdoms_empresses" title="Template:Three Kingdoms empresses">3 Kingdoms</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Jin_empresses_(266%E2%80%93420)" title="Template:Jin empresses (266–420)">Jìn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Sixteen_Kingdoms_empresses_and_queens" title="Template:Sixteen Kingdoms empresses and queens">16 Kingdoms</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Southern_dynasties_empresses" title="Template:Southern dynasties empresses">S. Dynasties</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Northern_dynasties_empresses" title="Template:Northern dynasties empresses">N. Dynasties</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Sui_empresses" title="Template:Sui empresses">Sui</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Tang_empresses" title="Template:Tang empresses">Tang</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_empresses_and_queens" title="Template:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms empresses and queens">5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Liao_empresses" title="Template:Liao empresses">Liao</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Song_empresses" title="Template:Song empresses">Song</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Western_Xia_empresses" title="Template:Western Xia empresses">W. Xia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Jin_empresses_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Template:Jin empresses (1115–1234)">Jīn</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Yuan_empresses" title="Template:Yuan empresses">Yuan</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Ming_empresses" title="Template:Ming empresses">Ming</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Qing_empresses" title="Template:Qing empresses">Qing</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yaonian_Yanmujin&oldid=1238488384">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yaonian_Yanmujin&oldid=1238488384</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:9th-century_births" title="Category:9th-century births">9th-century births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:933_deaths" title="Category:933 deaths">933 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Liao_dynasty_empresses_dowager" title="Category:Liao dynasty empresses dowager">Liao dynasty empresses dowager</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chinese_grand_empresses_dowager" title="Category:Chinese grand empresses dowager">Chinese grand empresses dowager</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:10th-century_Khitan_women" title="Category:10th-century Khitan women">10th-century Khitan women</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:10th-century_Khitan_people" title="Category:10th-century Khitan people">10th-century Khitan people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:9th-century_Khitan_women" title="Category:9th-century Khitan women">9th-century Khitan women</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:9th-century_Khitan_people" title="Category:9th-century Khitan people">9th-century Khitan people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mothers_of_Chinese_emperors" title="Category:Mothers of Chinese emperors">Mothers of Chinese emperors</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_December_2023" title="Category:Use dmy dates from December 2023">Use dmy dates from December 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_traditional_Chinese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text">Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 4 August 2024, at 04:14<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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