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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:dimgray; color: white">Amphiarthrosis</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray298.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Gray298.png/250px-Gray298.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Gray298.png 1.5x" data-file-width="339" data-file-height="135" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Diagrammatic section of a <a href="/wiki/Symphysis" title="Symphysis">symphysis</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/03.0.00.052%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A03.0.00.052</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=1551">1551</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma76693">76693</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">Anatomical terminology</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474663" class="extiw" title="d:Q474663">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Amphiarthrosis</b> is a type of continuous, slightly movable <a href="/wiki/Joint" title="Joint">joint</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-titleModule_-_Introduction_to_Joints_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-titleModule_-_Introduction_to_Joints-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most amphiarthroses are held together by cartilage, as a result of which limited movements between the bones is made possible. An example is the joints of the vertebral column only allow for small movements between adjacent vertebrae, but when added together, these movements provide the flexibility that allows the body to twist, or bend to the front, back, or side.<sup id="cite_ref-Openstax_Anatomy_&_Physiology_attribution_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Openstax_Anatomy_&_Physiology_attribution-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amphiarthrosis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In amphiarthroses, the contiguous bony surfaces can be: </p> <ul><li>A <a href="/wiki/Symphysis" title="Symphysis">symphysis</a>: connected by broad flattened disks of <a href="/wiki/Fibrocartilage" title="Fibrocartilage">fibrocartilage</a>, of a more or less complex structure, which adhere to the ends of each bone, as in the articulations between the bodies of the <a href="/wiki/Vertebrae" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebrae">vertebrae</a> or the inferior articulation of the two <a href="/wiki/Hip_bone" title="Hip bone">hip bones</a> (aka the <a href="/wiki/Pubic_symphysis" title="Pubic symphysis">pubic symphysis</a>). The strength of the pubic symphysis is important in conferring weight-bearing stability to the pelvis.</li> <li>An <a href="/wiki/Interosseous_membrane" title="Interosseous membrane">interosseous membrane</a> - the sheet of <a href="/wiki/Connective_tissue" title="Connective tissue">connective tissue</a> joining neighboring bones (e.g. tibia and fibula).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amphiarthrosis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> <i>This article incorporates text in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/anatomyofhumanbo1918gray#page/285/mode/2up">page 285</a> of the 20th edition of</i> <a href="/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy" title="Gray's Anatomy">Gray's Anatomy</a> <i>(1918)</i> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-titleModule_-_Introduction_to_Joints-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-titleModule_-_Introduction_to_Joints_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080117043712/http://anatomy.med.umich.edu/modules/joints_module/joints_02.html">"Module - Introduction to Joints"</a>. University of Michigan Medical School. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anatomy.med.umich.edu/modules/joints_module/joints_02.html">the original</a> on 17 January 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Module+-+Introduction+to+Joints&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Medical+School&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fanatomy.med.umich.edu%2Fmodules%2Fjoints_module%2Fjoints_02.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmphiarthrosis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Openstax_Anatomy_&_Physiology_attribution-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Openstax_Anatomy_&_Physiology_attribution_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" title="creativecommons:by/4.0/"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Creative_Commons_by_small.svg/80px-Creative_Commons_by_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Creative_Commons_by_small.svg/120px-Creative_Commons_by_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Creative_Commons_by_small.svg/160px-Creative_Commons_by_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="80" data-file-height="15" /></a></span> This article incorporates <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/9-introduction">text</a> available under the <a href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" class="extiw" title="creativecommons:by/4.0/">CC BY 4.0</a> license.</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBettsDesaixJohnsonJohnson2023" class="citation book cs1">Betts, J Gordon; Desaix, Peter; Johnson, Eddie; Johnson, Jody E; Korol, Oksana; Kruse, Dean; Poe, Brandon; Wise, James; Womble, Mark D; Young, Kelly A (May 14, 2023). <i>Anatomy & Physiology</i>. Houston: OpenStax CNX. 9.0 Joints: Introduction. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-947172-04-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-947172-04-3"><bdi>978-1-947172-04-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anatomy+%26+Physiology&rft.place=Houston&rft.pages=9.0+Joints%3A+Introduction&rft.pub=OpenStax+CNX&rft.date=2023-05-14&rft.isbn=978-1-947172-04-3&rft.aulast=Betts&rft.aufirst=J+Gordon&rft.au=Desaix%2C+Peter&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Eddie&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Jody+E&rft.au=Korol%2C+Oksana&rft.au=Kruse%2C+Dean&rft.au=Poe%2C+Brandon&rft.au=Wise%2C+James&rft.au=Womble%2C+Mark+D&rft.au=Young%2C+Kelly+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmphiarthrosis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Principles of Anatomy & Physiology, 12th Edition, Tortora & Derrickson, Pub: Wiley & Sons</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amphiarthrosis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070105022735/http://commons.bcit.ca/biology/articulations/amphiarthrotic.html">"Amphiarthrosis"</a>. British Columbia Institute of Technology. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://commons.bcit.ca/biology/articulations/amphiarthrotic.html">the original</a> on 5 January 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Amphiarthrosis&rft.pub=British+Columbia+Institute+of+Technology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcommons.bcit.ca%2Fbiology%2Farticulations%2Famphiarthrotic.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmphiarthrosis" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Joints" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Joints" title="Template:Joints"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Joints" title="Template talk:Joints"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Joints" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Joints"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Joints" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Joint" title="Joint">Joints</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fibrous_joint" title="Fibrous joint">Fibrous</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gomphosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Gomphosis">Gomphosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suture_(joint)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suture (joint)">Suture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndesmosis" title="Syndesmosis">Syndesmosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interosseous_membrane" title="Interosseous membrane">Interosseous membrane</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartilaginous_joint" title="Cartilaginous joint">Cartilaginous</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synchondrosis" title="Synchondrosis">Synchondrosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphysis" title="Symphysis">Symphysis</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Synovial_joint" title="Synovial joint">synovial</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Plane_joint" title="Plane joint">Plane joint</a></li> <li>1° <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinge_joint" title="Hinge joint">Hinge joint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pivot_joint" title="Pivot joint">Pivot joint</a></li></ul></li> <li>2° <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Condyloid_joint" title="Condyloid joint">Condyloid joint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddle_joint" title="Saddle joint">Saddle joint</a></li></ul></li> <li>3° <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball_and_socket_joint" class="mw-redirect" title="Ball and socket joint">Ball and socket joint</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Synostosis" title="Synostosis">synostosis</a></i></li></ul> <ul><li><i>by range of motion:</i> <a href="/wiki/Synarthrosis" title="Synarthrosis">Synarthrosis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Amphiarthrosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synovial_joint" title="Synovial joint">Diarthrosis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kinesiology" title="Kinesiology">Kinesiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_motion" title="Anatomical terms of motion">Anatomical terms of motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agonist_(muscle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Agonist (muscle)">Agonist</a>/<a href="/wiki/Antagonist_(muscle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Antagonist (muscle)">Antagonist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Motions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>general:</i> <a href="/wiki/Flexion" class="mw-redirect" title="Flexion">Flexion</a>/<a href="/wiki/Extension_(kinesiology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Extension (kinesiology)">Extension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adduction" class="mw-redirect" title="Adduction">Adduction</a>/<a href="/wiki/Abduction_(kinesiology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abduction (kinesiology)">Abduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_rotation" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal rotation">Internal rotation</a>/<a href="/wiki/External_rotation" class="mw-redirect" title="External rotation">External rotation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevation_(kinesiology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elevation (kinesiology)">Elevation</a>/<a href="/wiki/Depression_(kinesiology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Depression (kinesiology)">Depression</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>specialized/upper limbs:</i> <a href="/wiki/Protraction" class="mw-redirect" title="Protraction">Protraction</a>/<a href="/wiki/Retraction_(kinesiology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Retraction (kinesiology)">Retraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supination" class="mw-redirect" title="Supination">Supination</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pronation" class="mw-redirect" title="Pronation">Pronation</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>specialized/lower limbs:</i> <a href="/wiki/Plantarflexion" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantarflexion">Plantarflexion</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dorsiflexion" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorsiflexion">Dorsiflexion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eversion_(kinesiology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eversion (kinesiology)">Eversion</a>/<a href="/wiki/Inversion_(kinesiology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Inversion (kinesiology)">Inversion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>capsular:</i> <a href="/wiki/Joint_capsule" title="Joint capsule">Joint capsule</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synovial_membrane" title="Synovial membrane">Synovial membrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibrous_membrane_of_articular_capsule" class="mw-redirect" title="Fibrous membrane of articular capsule">Fibrous membrane</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synovial_fluid" title="Synovial fluid">Synovial fluid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synovial_bursa" title="Synovial bursa">Synovial bursa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Articular_disk" class="mw-redirect" title="Articular disk">Articular disk</a>/<a href="/wiki/Meniscus_(anatomy)" title="Meniscus (anatomy)">Meniscus</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>extracapsular:</i> <a href="/wiki/Ligament" title="Ligament">Ligament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enthesis" title="Enthesis">Enthesis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output 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