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aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_Mauritius_(1715–1810)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_Mauritius_(1715–1810)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>French Mauritius (1715–1810)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_Mauritius_(1715–1810)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_Mauritius_(1810–1968)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_Mauritius_(1810–1968)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>British Mauritius (1810–1968)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_Mauritius_(1810–1968)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independence_and_constitutional_monarchy_(1968-1992)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independence_and_constitutional_monarchy_(1968-1992)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Independence and constitutional monarchy (1968-1992)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independence_and_constitutional_monarchy_(1968-1992)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Republic_(since_1992)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republic_(since_1992)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Republic (since 1992)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republic_(since_1992)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mauritius_Island" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mauritius_Island"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Mauritius Island</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mauritius_Island-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rodrigues_Island" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rodrigues_Island"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Rodrigues Island</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rodrigues_Island-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chagos_Archipelago" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chagos_Archipelago"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Chagos Archipelago</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chagos_Archipelago-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-St._Brandon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#St._Brandon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>St. Brandon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-St._Brandon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agaléga_Islands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agaléga_Islands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Agaléga Islands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agaléga_Islands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tromelin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tromelin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Tromelin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tromelin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chagos_Archipelago_territorial_dispute" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chagos_Archipelago_territorial_dispute"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Chagos Archipelago territorial dispute</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chagos_Archipelago_territorial_dispute-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environment_and_climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment_and_climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Environment and climate</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Environment_and_climate-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Environment and climate subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Environment_and_climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Biodiversity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biodiversity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Biodiversity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biodiversity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Government and politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government and politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrative_subdivisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_subdivisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Administrative subdivisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_subdivisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Military</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Foreign relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Legal system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Financial_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financial_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Financial services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financial_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Information_and_communications_technology_(ICT)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Information_and_communications_technology_(ICT)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Information and communications technology (ICT)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Information_and_communications_technology_(ICT)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.5</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.6</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Holidays_and_festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holidays_and_festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.7</span> <span>Holidays and festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holidays_and_festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.8</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-References_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.1</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.2</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mauritius</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 231 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-231" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">231 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9E%E1%88%AA%E1%88%B8%E1%88%B5" title="ሞሪሸስ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሞሪሸስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B8" title="मॉरिशस – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="मॉरिशस" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Маврики – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Маврики" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3" title="موريشيوس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="موريشيوس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauricio" title="Mauricio – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Mauricio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B4ris_(payis)" title="Môris (payis) – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Môris (payis)" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9B" title="মৰিছাছ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মৰিছাছ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauriciu" title="Mauriciu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mauriciu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maur%C3%ADsio" title="Maurísio – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Maurísio" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mavriki" title="Mavriki – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mavriki" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3" title="ماوریتیوس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ماوریتیوس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="মরিশাস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মরিশাস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Маврикий – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Маврикий" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Маўрыкій – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Маўрыкій" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Маўрыцы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Маўрыцы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B8" title="मारिशस – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मारिशस" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurisyo" title="Maurisyo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Maurisyo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morisas" title="Morisas – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Morisas" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Мавриций – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мавриций" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8A%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8D" title="མའུ་རི་ཊིའུ་སུ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མའུ་རི་ཊིའུ་སུ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauricijus" title="Mauricijus – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mauricijus" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moris" title="Moris – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Moris" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Маврики – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Маврики" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurici" title="Maurici – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Maurici" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Маврикий – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Маврикий" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurisyo" title="Maurisyo – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Maurisyo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauricius" title="Mauricius – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mauricius" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauricio" title="Mauricio – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Mauricio" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morishasi" title="Morishasi – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Morishasi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauriziu" title="Mauriziu – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Mauriziu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mawrisiws" title="Mawrisiws – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mawrisiws" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3" title="موريشيوس – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="موريشيوس" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%89%DE%AE%DE%83%DE%A8%DE%9D%DE%A6%DE%90%DE%B0" title="މޮރިޝަސް – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="މޮރިޝަސް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B8" title="मौरिशस – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="मौरिशस" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Μαυρίκιος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαυρίκιος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauricio" title="Mauricio – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mauricio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%ADricio" title="Maŭricio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Maŭricio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauriciu" title="Mauriciu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Mauriciu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurizio" title="Maurizio – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Maurizio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="موریس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موریس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3ritius" title="Móritius – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Móritius" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_(pays)" title="Maurice (pays) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Maurice (pays)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritsius" title="Mauritsius – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Mauritsius" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moriis" title="Moriis – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Moriis" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oile%C3%A1n_Mhuir%C3%ADs" title="Oileán Mhuirís – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Oileán Mhuirís" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellan_Wirrish" title="Ellan Wirrish – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Ellan Wirrish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mavriki" title="Mavriki – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Mavriki" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na_h-Eileanan_Mhoiriseas" title="Na h-Eileanan Mhoiriseas – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Na h-Eileanan Mhoiriseas" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauricio" title="Mauricio – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mauricio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%B8" title="મોરિશિયસ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મોરિશિયસ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurixos" title="Maurixos – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Maurixos" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EB%A6%AC%EC%85%94%EC%8A%A4" title="모리셔스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="모리셔스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moris" title="Moris – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Moris" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritiusa" title="Mauritiusa – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Mauritiusa" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%BE%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Մավրիկիոս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մավրիկիոս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B8" title="मॉरिशस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मॉरिशस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauricijus" title="Mauricijus – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mauricijus" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurico" title="Maurico – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Maurico" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurisio" title="Maurisio – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Maurisio" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="মরিশাস – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মরিশাস" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritio" title="Mauritio – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Mauritio" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Маврикий – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Маврикий" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMorishisi" title="IMorishisi – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IMorishisi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1rit%C3%ADus" title="Máritíus – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Máritíus" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A1" title="מאוריציוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מאוריציוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಮಾರಿಷಸ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಾರಿಷಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurisiu" title="Maurisiu – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Maurisiu" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="მავრიკი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მავრიკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Маврикий – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Маврикий" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ynys_Morrys" title="Ynys Morrys – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Ynys Morrys" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morise" title="Morise – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Morise" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morisi" title="Morisi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Morisi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritia" title="Mauritia – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Mauritia" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moris" title="Moris – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Moris" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moris" title="Moris – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Moris" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maur%C3%AEtius" title="Maurîtius – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Maurîtius" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Маврикий – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Маврикий" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Маврикий – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Маврикий" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurisio" title="Maurisio – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Maurisio" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritia" title="Mauritia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mauritia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maur%C4%ABcija" title="Maurīcija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Maurīcija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauricijus" title="Mauricijus – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mauricijus" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morisi" title="Morisi – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Morisi" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauris" title="Mauris – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Mauris" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mavriki" title="Mavriki – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Mavriki" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81" title="Маврициус – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Маврициус" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maorisy" title="Maorisy – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Maorisy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="മൗറീഷ്യസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മൗറീഷ്യസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mawrizju" title="Mawrizju – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Mawrizju" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marihi" title="Marihi – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Marihi" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B8" title="मॉरिशस – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मॉरिशस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="მავრიკი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მავრიკი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3" title="موريشيوس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="موريشيوس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="موریس – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="موریس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8E%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%81" title="ꯃꯥꯎꯔꯤꯇꯤꯌꯁ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯥꯎꯔꯤꯇꯤꯌꯁ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Маврики – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Маврики" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="မောရစ်ရှနိုင်ငံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မောရစ်ရှနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius_(land)" title="Mauritius (land) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mauritius (land)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius_(land)" title="Mauritius (land) – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Mauritius (land)" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B8" title="मौरिसस – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मौरिसस" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%82%B9" title="モーリシャス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="モーリシャス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Маврики – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Маврики" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritsius" title="Mauritsius – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Mauritsius" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurici" title="Maurici – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Maurici" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Маврикий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Маврикий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%B8" title="ମରିସସ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମରିସସ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mooriishes" title="Mooriishes – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Mooriishes" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mavritsiya" title="Mavritsiya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mavritsiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B8" title="ਮਾਰੀਸ਼ਸ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਾਰੀਸ਼ਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B8" title="मारिशस – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="मारिशस" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritus" title="Mauritus – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Mauritus" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%B3" title="موریشس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="موریشس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3" title="ماوریتوس – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ماوریتوس" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morishos" title="Morishos – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Morishos" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maur%C3%ADcia" title="Maurícia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Maurícia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mavrikiy" title="Mavrikiy – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Mavrikiy" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ile_maurice" title="Ile maurice – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Ile maurice" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mawrisyu" title="Mawrisyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Mawrisyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Маврікій – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Маврікій" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Маврикий – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Маврикий" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81" title="Мауритиус – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Мауритиус" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritus" title="Mauritus – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Mauritus" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D" title="मारिषस् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मारिषस्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6r%C3%AEsi" title="Mörîsi – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Mörîsi" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maur%C3%ACtzius" title="Maurìtzius – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Maurìtzius" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritus" title="Mauritus – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Mauritus" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritiusi" title="Mauritiusi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mauritiusi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="මුරුසිය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මුරුසිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4%D8%B3" title="موريشس – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="موريشس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMorishiyasi" title="IMorishiyasi – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IMorishiyasi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maur%C3%ADcius" title="Maurícius – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Maurícius" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mavricij" title="Mavricij – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mavricij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="مۆریس – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مۆریس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D1%81" title="Маурицијус – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Маурицијус" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauricijus" title="Mauricijus – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mauricijus" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="மொரிசியசு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மொரிசியசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Маврикий – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Маврикий" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%80%9E%E1%82%83%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းမေႃးရီႇသႃႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းမေႃးရီႇသႃႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritus" title="Mauritus – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Mauritus" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="మారిషస్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మారిషస్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA" title="ประเทศมอริเชียส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศมอริเชียส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Маврикий – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Маврикий" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mawriki%C3%BD" title="Mawrikiý – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Mawrikiý" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Маврикий – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Маврикий" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Маврикій – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Маврикій" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%B3" title="موریشس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="موریشس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8B%D8%B1%D9%89%D8%AA%D9%89%D8%A6%DB%87%D8%B3" title="ماۋرىتىئۇس – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ماۋرىتىئۇس" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mavrikii" title="Mavrikii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Mavrikii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morise%C3%A4n" title="Moriseän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Moriseän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iye_Meurice_(payis)" title="Iye Meurice (payis) – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Iye Meurice (payis)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF" title="模里西斯 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="模里西斯" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3oris" title="Móoris – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Móoris" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E9%87%8C%E6%B1%82%E6%96%AF" title="毛里求斯 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="毛里求斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A1" title="מאריציוס – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מאריציוס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BB%8D%CC%81r%C3%ADs%C3%AC" title="Mọ́rísì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Mọ́rísì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E5%8E%98%E5%A3%AB" title="毛厘士 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="毛厘士" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mawriki" title="Mawriki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Mawriki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurik%C4%97jos" title="Maurikėjos – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Maurikėjos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E9%87%8C%E6%B1%82%E6%96%AF" title="毛里求斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="毛里求斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BB%8Drisi%E1%BB%8Ds" title="Mọrisiọs – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Mọrisiọs" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moritius" title="Moritius – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Moritius" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ghanaian Pidgin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Mauritius" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a 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57.5</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Island country in the Indian Ocean</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the independent island nation in the Indian Ocean. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Mauritius_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Mauritius (disambiguation)">Mauritius (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output 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.ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Republic of Mauritius</div><div class="ib-country-names"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">République de Maurice</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>)</span></li><li><span title="Morisyen-language text"><i lang="mfe">Repiblik Moris</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Morisyen_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Morisyen language">Morisyen</a>)</span></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Mauritius.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Mauritius"><img alt="Flag of Mauritius" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/125px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/188px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/250px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Mauritius" title="Flag of Mauritius">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Mauritius_(Original_version).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Mauritius"><img alt="Coat of arms of Mauritius" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Coat_of_arms_of_Mauritius_%28Original_version%29.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_Mauritius_%28Original_version%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Coat_of_arms_of_Mauritius_%28Original_version%29.svg/135px-Coat_of_arms_of_Mauritius_%28Original_version%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Coat_of_arms_of_Mauritius_%28Original_version%29.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_Mauritius_%28Original_version%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="692" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Mauritius" title="Coat of arms of Mauritius"> Coat of arms</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Motto: </b><span title="Latin-language text"><span lang="la" style="font-style: normal;">Stella Clavisque Maris Indici</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />"Star and Key of the Indian Ocean"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><b>Anthem:</b> "<a href="/wiki/Motherland_(anthem)" title="Motherland (anthem)">Motherland</a>"<div style="padding-top:0.5em;" class="center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="59" data-mwtitle="Motherland_(instrumental).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Motherland_%28instrumental%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/Motherland_%28instrumental%29.ogg/Motherland_%28instrumental%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMotherland_%28instrumental%29.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMotherland_%28instrumental%29.ogg&lang=fr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français ‪(fr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMotherland_%28instrumental%29.ogg&lang=ja&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ja" label="日本語 ‪(ja)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mauritius_(orthographic_projection_with_inset).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Islands of the Republic of Mauritius"><img alt="Islands of the Republic of Mauritius" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Mauritius_%28orthographic_projection_with_inset%29.svg/250px-Mauritius_%28orthographic_projection_with_inset%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Mauritius_%28orthographic_projection_with_inset%29.svg/375px-Mauritius_%28orthographic_projection_with_inset%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Mauritius_%28orthographic_projection_with_inset%29.svg/500px-Mauritius_%28orthographic_projection_with_inset%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Islands of the Republic of Mauritius</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mauritius_(%2Bclaim_islands).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Islands of the Republic of Mauritius labelled in black; Chagos Archipelago and Tromelin are claimed by Mauritius."><img alt="Islands of the Republic of Mauritius labelled in black; Chagos Archipelago and Tromelin are claimed by Mauritius." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Mauritius_%28%2Bclaim_islands%29.svg/250px-Mauritius_%28%2Bclaim_islands%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Mauritius_%28%2Bclaim_islands%29.svg/375px-Mauritius_%28%2Bclaim_islands%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Mauritius_%28%2Bclaim_islands%29.svg/500px-Mauritius_%28%2Bclaim_islands%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="463" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Islands of the Republic of Mauritius labelled in black; Chagos Archipelago and Tromelin are claimed by Mauritius.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital<div class="ib-country-largest">and largest city</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Port_Louis" title="Port Louis">Port Louis</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mauritius&params=20.2_S_57.5_E_type:country"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">20°12′S</span> <span class="longitude">57°30′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">20.2°S 57.5°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-20.2; 57.5</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data">None (<i>de jure</i>)<br /><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li></ul></div> (<i>de facto</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">Lingua franca</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_Creole" title="Mauritian Creole">Mauritian Creole</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language spoken at home <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2022)<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>90.0% <a href="/wiki/Mauritian_Creole" title="Mauritian Creole">Mauritian Creole</a></li><li>5.1% <a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_language" title="Bhojpuri language">Bhojpuri</a></li><li>4.4% French</li><li>0.6% English</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-country-ethnic"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>67% <a href="/wiki/Mauritians_of_Indian_origin" title="Mauritians of Indian origin">Indian</a></li><li>28% <a href="/wiki/Mauritian_Creoles" title="Mauritian Creoles">Creole</a></li><li>3% <a href="/wiki/Mauritians_of_Chinese_origin" title="Mauritians of Chinese origin">Chinese</a></li><li>2% <a href="/wiki/Franco-Mauritians" title="Franco-Mauritians">French</a><sup id="cite_ref-CIA_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"> (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-2022_Census_Religion_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2022_Census_Religion-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="white-space:nowrap;">47.9% <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Mauritius" title="Hinduism in Mauritius">Hinduism</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">32.3% <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Mauritius" title="Christianity in Mauritius">Christianity</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">18.2% <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Mauritius" title="Islam in Mauritius">Islam</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">1.6% <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mauritius" title="Religion in Mauritius">others</a> / <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">none</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mauritian" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauritian">Mauritian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Mauritius" title="Politics of Mauritius">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unitary_parliamentary_republic" title="Unitary parliamentary republic">Unitary parliamentary republic</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/President_of_Mauritius" title="President of Mauritius">President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Prithvirajsing_Roopun" title="Prithvirajsing Roopun">Prithvirajsing Roopun</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_Mauritius" title="Vice-President of Mauritius">Vice President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Boiss%C3%A9zon" title="Eddy Boissézon">Eddy Boissézon</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Mauritius" title="Prime Minister of Mauritius">Prime Minister</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Navin_Ramgoolam" title="Navin Ramgoolam">Navin Ramgoolam</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/List_of_Speakers_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Mauritius" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Speakers of the National Assembly of Mauritius">Speaker of the National Assembly</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Adrien_Duval" title="Adrien Duval">Adrien Duval</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Mauritius)" title="National Assembly (Mauritius)">National Assembly</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Independence" title="Independence">Independence</a> <div class="ib-country-sovereignty">from the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Mauritius" title="Constitution of Mauritius">Constitution of Mauritius</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">12 March 1968</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Republic </div></th><td class="infobox-data">12 March 1992</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Mauritius" title="Geography of Mauritius">Area </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,040 km<sup>2</sup> (790 sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">169th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Water (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">0.07</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Mauritius" title="Demographics of Mauritius">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2019 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,265,475<sup id="cite_ref-31_Dec_2019_Statistics_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31_Dec_2019_Statistics-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">158th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2011 census</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,235,260<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">618.24/km<sup>2</sup> (1,601.2/sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">21st</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2024 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $40.468 billion<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.MU_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.MU-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">137th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $32,094<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.MU_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.MU-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">60th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(nominal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2024 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $16.359 billion<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.MU_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.MU-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">133th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $12,973<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.MU_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.MU-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">69th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2017)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">36.8<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#707070">medium inequality</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2022)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.796<sup id="cite_ref-UNHDR_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNHDR-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:forestgreen">high</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">72nd</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_rupee" title="Mauritian rupee">Mauritian rupee</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">MUR</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+4</span> (<a href="/wiki/Mauritius_Time" title="Mauritius Time">MUT</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date format</th><td class="infobox-data">dd/mm/yyyy (<a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">AD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Drives on</a></th><td class="infobox-data">left</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Mauritius" title="Telephone numbers in Mauritius">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%2B230" class="mw-redirect" title="+230">+230</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:MU" title="ISO 3166-2:MU">MU</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.mu" title=".mu">.mu</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mauritius</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> officially the <b>Republic of Mauritius</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an <a href="/wiki/Island_country" title="Island country">island country</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a>, about 2,000 kilometres (1,100 nautical miles) off the southeastern coast of <a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East Africa</a>, east of <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>. It includes the main island (also called Mauritius), as well as <a href="/wiki/Rodrigues" title="Rodrigues">Rodrigues</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agal%C3%A9ga" title="Agaléga">Agaléga</a>, and <a href="/wiki/St._Brandon" title="St. Brandon">St. Brandon</a> (Cargados Carajos shoals).<sup id="cite_ref-ICJ_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICJ-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PCA_Memorial_Vol_1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCA_Memorial_Vol_1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The islands of Mauritius and Rodrigues, along with nearby <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a> (a <a href="/wiki/French_overseas_department" class="mw-redirect" title="French overseas department">French overseas department</a>), are part of the <a href="/wiki/Mascarene_Islands" title="Mascarene Islands">Mascarene Islands</a>. The main island of Mauritius, where the population is concentrated, hosts the capital and largest city, <a href="/wiki/Port_Louis" title="Port Louis">Port Louis</a>. The country spans 2,040 square kilometres (790 sq mi) and has an <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone" title="Exclusive economic zone">exclusive economic zone</a> covering 2,300,000 square kilometres (670,000 square nautical miles).<sup id="cite_ref-EEZ_1977_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EEZ_1977-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Based on the only surviving map of the Portuguese discoveries dated 1502 called the <a href="/wiki/Cantino_planisphere" title="Cantino planisphere">Cantino planisphere</a>, it is generally accepted that <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> sailors first discovered the uninhabited island around 975, naming it <i>Dina Arobi</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1507, Portuguese sailors visited the uninhabited island, which bore the Portuguese names Cirne or Do-Cerne on early <a href="/wiki/Cantino_planisphere" title="Cantino planisphere">Portuguese maps</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Dutch</a> fleet, under the command of Admiral Van Warwyck, landed at what is now the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Port_District" title="Grand Port District">Grand Port District</a> and took possession of the island in 1598, renaming the uninhabited islands after <a href="/wiki/Maurice,_Prince_of_Orange" title="Maurice, Prince of Orange">Maurice, Prince of Orange</a>. A succession of short-lived <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Dutch</a> attempts at permanent settlement took place over a century with the aim of exploiting the local ebony forests, establishing a consistent <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arrack" title="Arrack">arrack</a> production using cane plant cuttings imported from <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> together with over three hundred Malagasy slaves, before abandoning their efforts.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> France took the uninhabited island in 1715, renaming the island "<a href="/wiki/Isle_de_France_(Mauritius)" title="Isle de France (Mauritius)">Isle de France</a>". In 1810, the United Kingdom <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Isle_de_France" title="Invasion of Isle de France">seized the island</a>, and four years later, under the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1814)" title="Treaty of Paris (1814)">Treaty of Paris</a>, France ceded Mauritius and its dependencies to the United Kingdom. The British colony of Mauritius now included Rodrigues, Agaléga, St. Brandon, the <a href="/wiki/Chagos_Archipelago" title="Chagos Archipelago">Chagos Archipelago</a>, and, until 1906, the <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ICJ_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICJ-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PCA_Memorial_Vol_1_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCA_Memorial_Vol_1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mauritius and France dispute sovereignty over the island of <a href="/wiki/Tromelin_Island" title="Tromelin Island">Tromelin</a>. The treaty failed to mention it specifically.<sup id="cite_ref-tromelin_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tromelin-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mauritius became the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>'s main sugar-producing colony and remained a primarily sugar-dominated plantation-based colony until independence, in 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1965, the UK split the <a href="/wiki/Chagos_Archipelago" title="Chagos Archipelago">Chagos Archipelago</a> from <a href="/wiki/British_Mauritius" title="British Mauritius">British Mauritius</a> to create the <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a> (BIOT).<sup id="cite_ref-Annex_11_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Annex_11-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_the_Chagossians" title="Expulsion of the Chagossians">local population was forcibly expelled</a> and the largest island, <a href="/wiki/Diego_Garcia" title="Diego Garcia">Diego Garcia</a>, was leased to the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-visit_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-visit-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ruling on the <a href="/wiki/Chagos_Archipelago_sovereignty_dispute" title="Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute">sovereignty dispute between Mauritius and the UK</a>, the <a href="/wiki/International_Tribunal_for_the_Law_of_the_Sea" title="International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea">International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea</a> has ordered the return of the Chagos Islands to Mauritius.<sup id="cite_ref-un_court_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-un_court-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Given its geographic location and colonial past, the <a href="/wiki/Mauritians" title="Mauritians">people of Mauritius</a> are diverse in ethnicity, <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">culture</a>, language and faith. It is the only country in Africa where <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> is the most practised religion.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mauritians_of_Indian_origin" title="Mauritians of Indian origin">Indo-Mauritians</a> make up the bulk of the population with significant <a href="/wiki/Mauritian_Creoles" title="Mauritian Creoles">Creole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritians_of_Chinese_origin" title="Mauritians of Chinese origin">Sino-Mauritian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Franco-Mauritian" class="mw-redirect" title="Franco-Mauritian">Franco-Mauritian</a> minorities. The island's government is closely modelled on the <a href="/wiki/Westminster_parliamentary_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Westminster parliamentary system">Westminster parliamentary system</a> with Mauritius highly ranked for <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_economic_freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by economic freedom">economic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freedom_in_the_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom in the world">political freedom</a> being listed by <a href="/wiki/The_Economist_Democracy_Index" title="The Economist Democracy Index">The Economist Democracy Index</a> as the only country in Africa with full <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democracy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/V-Dem_Democracy_Indices" title="V-Dem Democracy Indices">V-Dem Democracy Indices</a> rated Mauritius as an "electoral autocracy".<sup id="cite_ref-n001_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n001-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mauritius ranks <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">72nd</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">Human Development Index</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> classifies it as a <a href="/wiki/World_Bank_high-income_economy" title="World Bank high-income economy">high-income economy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WB_GROUP_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WB_GROUP-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is amongst the most competitive and most developed economies in the African region.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The country is a <a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">welfare state</a>. The government provides free <a href="/wiki/Universal_health_care" title="Universal health care">universal health care</a>, <a href="/wiki/Free_education" title="Free education">free education</a> up through the <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_education" title="Tertiary education">tertiary level</a>, and free public transportation for students, senior citizens, and the disabled.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mauritius is consistently ranked as the <a href="/wiki/Global_Peace_Index" title="Global Peace Index">most peaceful</a> country in Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Along with the other Mascarene Islands, Mauritius is known for its <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Mauritius" title="Wildlife of Mauritius">biodiverse flora and fauna</a> with many unique species endemic to the country. The main island was the only known home of the <a href="/wiki/Dodo" title="Dodo">dodo</a>, which, along with several other avian species, became extinct soon after human settlement. Other <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic</a> animals, such as the <a href="/wiki/Echo_parakeet" title="Echo parakeet">echo parakeet</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mauritius_kestrel" title="Mauritius kestrel">Mauritius kestrel</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pink_pigeon" title="Pink pigeon">pink pigeon</a>, have survived and are subject to intensive and successful ongoing conservation efforts.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first historical evidence of the existence of the island now known as Mauritius is on a 1502 map called the <a href="/wiki/Cantino_planisphere" title="Cantino planisphere">Cantino planisphere</a> which was smuggled out of Portugal, for the Duke of Ferrara, by the Italian 'spy' Alberto Cantino. On this purloined copy of a Portuguese map, Mauritius bore the name <i>Dina Arobi</i> (likely <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">دنية عروبي</span> <i>Daniyah ‘Arūbi</i> or corruption of <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">دبية عروبي</span></span> <i>Dībah ‘Arūbi</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (September 2024)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Mauritius#Dubious" title="Talk:Mauritius">discuss</a></i>]</sup> In 1507, Portuguese sailors visited the uninhabited island after being blown off course from their route to India via the Mozambique channel. The island appears with the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> names <i>Cirne</i> (a typographical error where the 's' of the Portuguese 'Cisne' (Swan) became an 'r') or <i>Do-Cerne</i> (typo of 'do Cisne' meaning 'of' or 'belonging to the Swan') on early Portuguese maps, almost certainly from the name of a ship called <i>Cisne</i> which was captained by <a href="/wiki/Diogo_Fernandes_Pereira" title="Diogo Fernandes Pereira">Diogo Fernandes Pereira</a> in the 1507 expedition which discovered Mauritius and Rodrigues which he called <i>ilha de Diogo Fernandes</i> but poorly transcribed by non-Portuguese speakers as <i>Domigo Friz</i> or <i>Domingo Frias</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Diogo_Fernandes_Pereira" title="Diogo Fernandes Pereira">Diogo Fernandes Pereira</a> may have been the first European to sail east of Madagascar island ('outer route' to the East Indies) rather than through the perceived safer route through the Mozambique channel, following the East African shore line. </p><p>In 1598, a Dutch squadron under Admiral Wybrand van Warwyck landed at <a href="/wiki/Grand_Port" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Port">Grand Port</a> and named the island <i>Mauritius</i>, in honour of <a href="/wiki/Maurice,_Prince_of_Orange" title="Maurice, Prince of Orange">Prince Maurice van Nassau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stadtholder" title="Stadtholder">stadtholder</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a>. Later the island became a French colony and was renamed <a href="/wiki/Isle_de_France_(Mauritius)" title="Isle de France (Mauritius)">Isle de France</a>. On 3 December 1810, the French surrendered the island to the United Kingdom during the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>. Under British rule, the island's name reverted to <i>Mauritius</i> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/a9\/En-us-Mauritius.ogg\/En-us-Mauritius.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Mauritius.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a9/En-us-Mauritius.ogg/En-us-Mauritius.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Mauritius.ogg" title="File:En-us-Mauritius.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span>. Mauritius is also commonly known as <i>Maurice</i> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[mɔʁis]</a></span>) and <i>Île Maurice</i> in French, <i>Moris</i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="mfe-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mauritian_Creole" title="Help:IPA/Mauritian Creole">[moʁis]</a></span>) in <a href="/wiki/Mauritian_Creole" title="Mauritian Creole">Mauritian Creole</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Mauritius" title="History of Mauritius">History of Mauritius</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Mauritius" title="Dutch Mauritius">Dutch Mauritius</a></div> <p>The island of Mauritius was uninhabited before its first recorded visit by Arab sailors in the end of the 10th century. Its name Dina Arobi has been associated with Arab sailors who first discovered the island. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:D._Pedro_Mascarenhas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/D._Pedro_Mascarenhas.jpg/170px-D._Pedro_Mascarenhas.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/D._Pedro_Mascarenhas.jpg/255px-D._Pedro_Mascarenhas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/D._Pedro_Mascarenhas.jpg/340px-D._Pedro_Mascarenhas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="731" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Mascarenhas" title="Pedro Mascarenhas">Pedro Mascarenhas</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Portuguese_India" title="List of governors of Portuguese India">Viceroy of Portuguese India</a> and namesake of the <a href="/wiki/Mascarene_Islands" title="Mascarene Islands">Mascarene Islands</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tordesillas" title="Treaty of Tordesillas">Treaty of Tordesillas</a> purported to give the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Kingdom of Portugal</a> the right to colonise this part of the world. In 1507, Portuguese sailors came to the uninhabited island and established a visiting base. <a href="/wiki/Diogo_Fernandes_Pereira" title="Diogo Fernandes Pereira">Diogo Fernandes Pereira</a>, a Portuguese navigator, was the first European known to land in Mauritius. He named the island "Ilha do Cisne" ("Island of the Swan"). The Portuguese did not stay long as they were not interested in these islands.<sup id="cite_ref-govt_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-govt-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Mascarene_Islands" title="Mascarene Islands">Mascarene Islands</a> were named after <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Mascarenhas" title="Pedro Mascarenhas">Pedro Mascarenhas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viceroy_of_Portuguese_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroy of Portuguese India">Viceroy of Portuguese India</a>, after his visit to the islands in 1512. <a href="/wiki/Rodrigues_(island)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rodrigues (island)">Rodrigues Island</a> was named after <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_discoveries" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese discoveries">Portuguese explorer</a> <a href="/wiki/Diogo_Rodrigues" title="Diogo Rodrigues">Diogo Rodrigues</a>, who first came upon the island in 1528. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Het_Tweede_Boeck.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Het_Tweede_Boeck.jpg/300px-Het_Tweede_Boeck.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Het_Tweede_Boeck.jpg/450px-Het_Tweede_Boeck.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Het_Tweede_Boeck.jpg/600px-Het_Tweede_Boeck.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1525" data-file-height="1023" /></a><figcaption>Dutch activities on Mauritius, as well as the first published depiction of a <a href="/wiki/Dodo" title="Dodo">dodo</a> bird (2), 1601</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1598, a Dutch squadron under Admiral Wybrand Van Warwyck landed at <a href="/wiki/Grand_Port" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Port">Grand Port</a> and named the island "Mauritius" after <a href="/wiki/Maurice,_Prince_of_Orange" title="Maurice, Prince of Orange">Prince Maurice of Nassau</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i>Maurits van Nassau</i>) of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a>. The Dutch inhabited the island in 1638, from which they exploited <a href="/wiki/Ebony" title="Ebony">ebony</a> trees and introduced <a href="/wiki/Sugar_cane" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugar cane">sugar cane</a>, domestic animals and deer. It was from here that Dutch navigator <a href="/wiki/Abel_Tasman" title="Abel Tasman">Abel Tasman</a> set out to seek the Great Southern Land, mapping parts of <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a>, New Zealand and <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a>. The first Dutch settlement lasted 20 years. In 1639, the Dutch East India Company brought enslaved Malagasy to cut down ebony trees and to work in the new tobacco and sugar cane plantations.<sup id="cite_ref-The_slave_trade_on_Mauritius_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_slave_trade_on_Mauritius-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several attempts to establish a colony permanently were subsequently made, but the settlements never developed enough to produce dividends, causing the Dutch to abandon Mauritius in 1710.<sup id="cite_ref-govt_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-govt-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 1755 article in the English <i><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Intelligencer" title="Leeds Intelligencer">Leeds Intelligencer</a></i> claims that the island was abandoned due to the large number of <a href="/wiki/Long_tailed_macaque" class="mw-redirect" title="Long tailed macaque">long tailed macaque</a> monkeys "which destroyed everything in it," and that it was also known at the time as the <b>Island of Monkeys</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Portuguese sailors had brought these monkeys to the island from their native habitat in Southeast Asia, prior to Dutch rule.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_Mauritius_(1715–1810)"><span id="French_Mauritius_.281715.E2.80.931810.29"></span>French Mauritius (1715–1810)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: French Mauritius (1715–1810)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Isle_de_France_(Mauritius)" title="Isle de France (Mauritius)">Isle de France (Mauritius)</a></div> <p>France, which already controlled neighbouring Île Bourbon (now <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a>), took control of Mauritius in 1715 and renamed it <a href="/wiki/Isle_de_France_(Mauritius)" title="Isle de France (Mauritius)">Isle de France</a>. In 1723, the <i><a href="/wiki/Code_Noir" title="Code Noir">Code Noir</a></i> was established to regulate slavery; it categorised one group of human beings as "goods", allowing the owner of these "goods" to be able to obtain insurance money and compensation in case of loss of his "goods".<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1735 arrival of French governor <a href="/wiki/Bertrand-Fran%C3%A7ois_Mah%C3%A9_de_La_Bourdonnais" title="Bertrand-François Mahé de La Bourdonnais">Bertrand-François Mahé de La Bourdonnais</a> coincided with the development of a prosperous economy based on sugar production. Mahé de La Bourdonnais established <a href="/wiki/Port_Louis" title="Port Louis">Port Louis</a> as a naval base and a shipbuilding centre.<sup id="cite_ref-govt_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-govt-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under his governorship, numerous buildings were erected, a number of which are still standing. These include part of Government House, the Château de Mon Plaisir, and the Line Barracks, the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Mauritius_Police_Force" title="Mauritius Police Force">police force</a>. The island was under the administration of the <a href="/wiki/French_East_India_Company" title="French East India Company">French East India Company</a>, which maintained its presence until 1767.<sup id="cite_ref-govt_39-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-govt-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the French rule, slaves were brought from parts of Africa such as Mozambique <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar_slave_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Zanzibar slave trade">and Zanzibar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, the island's population rose dramatically from 15,000 to 49,000 within thirty years. Slave traders from <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a> - <a href="/wiki/Sakalava_people" title="Sakalava people">Sakalava</a> or Arabs - bought slaves from slavers in the Arab <a href="/wiki/Swahili_coast" title="Swahili coast">Swahili coast</a> or <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Mozambique" title="Portuguese Mozambique">Portuguese Mozambique</a> and stopped at <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a> for supplies before shipping the slaves to the slave markets of Mauritius, Réunion and India.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the 80,000 slaves imported to Réunion and Mauritius between 1769 and 1793, 45% was provided by slave traders of the <a href="/wiki/Sakalava_people" title="Sakalava people">Sakalava people</a> in North West Madagascar, who raided East Africa and <a href="/wiki/The_Comoros" class="mw-redirect" title="The Comoros">the Comoros</a> for slaves, and the rest was provided by Arab slave traders who bought slaves from <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Mozambique" title="Portuguese Mozambique">Portuguese Mozambique</a> and transported them to Réunion via Madagascar.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the late eighteenth century, African slaves accounted for around 80 percent of the island's population, and by the early nineteenth century there were 60,000 slaves on the island.<sup id="cite_ref-The_slave_trade_on_Mauritius_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_slave_trade_on_Mauritius-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early 1729, Indians from <a href="/wiki/Pondicherry" title="Pondicherry">Pondicherry, India</a>, arrived in Mauritius aboard the vessel <i>La Sirène</i>. Work contracts for these craftsmen were signed in 1734 at the time when they acquired their freedom.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Combat_de_Grand_Port_mg_9425.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Combat_de_Grand_Port_mg_9425.jpg/220px-Combat_de_Grand_Port_mg_9425.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Combat_de_Grand_Port_mg_9425.jpg/330px-Combat_de_Grand_Port_mg_9425.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Combat_de_Grand_Port_mg_9425.jpg/440px-Combat_de_Grand_Port_mg_9425.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3465" data-file-height="2192" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grand_Port" title="Battle of Grand Port">Battle of Grand Port</a> between French and British naval forces, 20–27 August 1810</figcaption></figure> <p>From 1767 to 1810, except for a brief period during the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> when the inhabitants set up a government virtually independent of France, the island was controlled by officials appointed by the French government. <a href="/wiki/Jacques-Henri_Bernardin_de_Saint-Pierre" title="Jacques-Henri Bernardin de Saint-Pierre">Jacques-Henri Bernardin de Saint-Pierre</a> lived on the island from 1768 to 1771, then went back to France, where he wrote <i><a href="/wiki/Paul_et_Virginie" title="Paul et Virginie">Paul et Virginie</a></i>, a love story that made the <a href="/wiki/Isle_de_France_(Mauritius)" title="Isle de France (Mauritius)">Isle de France</a> famous wherever the French language was spoken. In 1796 the settlers broke away from French control when the government in Paris attempted to abolish slavery.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two famous French governors were the Vicomte de Souillac (who constructed the Chaussée in Port Louis<sup id="cite_ref-Toussaint2_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toussaint2-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and encouraged farmers to settle in the district of Savanne) and <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Bruni_d%27Entrecasteaux" title="Antoine Bruni d'Entrecasteaux">Antoine Bruni d'Entrecasteaux</a> (who saw to it that the French in the Indian Ocean should have their headquarters in Mauritius instead of <a href="/wiki/Pondicherry" title="Pondicherry">Pondicherry</a> in India).<sup id="cite_ref-Toussaint_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toussaint-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Mathieu_Isidore_Decaen" title="Charles Mathieu Isidore Decaen">Charles Mathieu Isidore Decaen</a> was a successful general in the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">French Revolutionary Wars</a> and, in some ways, a rival of <a href="/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoléon I">Napoléon I</a>. He ruled as <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Isle_de_France_(Mauritius)" title="Governor of Isle de France (Mauritius)">Governor of Isle de France</a> and Réunion from 1803 to 1810. British naval <a href="/wiki/Cartographer" class="mw-redirect" title="Cartographer">cartographer</a> and explorer <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Flinders" title="Matthew Flinders">Matthew Flinders</a> was arrested and detained by General Decaen on the island from 1803 to 1810,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in contravention of an order from Napoléon. During the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>, Mauritius became a base from which <a href="/wiki/French_corsairs" title="French corsairs">French corsairs</a> organised successful raids on British commercial ships. The raids continued until 1810, when a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> expedition led by <a href="/wiki/Commodore_(Royal_Navy)" title="Commodore (Royal Navy)">Commodore</a> <a href="/wiki/Josias_Rowley" title="Josias Rowley">Josias Rowley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">R.N.</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Irish">Anglo-Irish</a> <a href="/wiki/Aristocracy_(class)" title="Aristocracy (class)">aristocrat</a>, was sent to capture the island. Despite winning the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grand_Port" title="Battle of Grand Port">Battle of Grand Port</a> against the British, the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_%C3%8Ele_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Île de France">French could not prevent the British from landing</a> at <a href="/wiki/Cap_Malheureux" title="Cap Malheureux">Cap Malheureux</a> three months later. They formally surrendered the island on the fifth day of the invasion, 3 December 1810,<sup id="cite_ref-Toussaint_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toussaint-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on terms allowing settlers to keep their land and property and to use the French language and law of France in criminal and civil matters. Under British rule, the island's name reverted to Mauritius.<sup id="cite_ref-govt_39-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-govt-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_Mauritius_(1810–1968)"><span id="British_Mauritius_.281810.E2.80.931968.29"></span>British Mauritius (1810–1968)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: British Mauritius (1810–1968)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/British_Mauritius" title="British Mauritius">British Mauritius</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Isle_of_France,_2_December_1810.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Isle_of_France%2C_2_December_1810.jpg/220px-Isle_of_France%2C_2_December_1810.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Isle_of_France%2C_2_December_1810.jpg/330px-Isle_of_France%2C_2_December_1810.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Isle_of_France%2C_2_December_1810.jpg/440px-Isle_of_France%2C_2_December_1810.jpg 2x" data-file-width="860" data-file-height="626" /></a><figcaption>British forces <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Isle_de_France" title="Invasion of Isle de France">seizing the Isle of France</a> on 2 December 1810</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Visual_Art_of_the_first_indentured_Indian_labourers_arriving_in_Mauritius_(1834).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Mixed emotions and feelings are portrayed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Visual_Art_of_the_first_indentured_Indian_labourers_arriving_in_Mauritius_%281834%29.jpg/220px-Visual_Art_of_the_first_indentured_Indian_labourers_arriving_in_Mauritius_%281834%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Visual_Art_of_the_first_indentured_Indian_labourers_arriving_in_Mauritius_%281834%29.jpg/330px-Visual_Art_of_the_first_indentured_Indian_labourers_arriving_in_Mauritius_%281834%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Visual_Art_of_the_first_indentured_Indian_labourers_arriving_in_Mauritius_%281834%29.jpg/440px-Visual_Art_of_the_first_indentured_Indian_labourers_arriving_in_Mauritius_%281834%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3499" data-file-height="2319" /></a><figcaption>First indentured Indian workers (1834)</figcaption></figure> <p>The British administration, which began with <a href="/wiki/Robert_Townsend_Farquhar" title="Robert Townsend Farquhar">Sir Robert Farquhar</a> as <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_British_Mauritius" title="Governor of British Mauritius">its first governor</a>, oversaw rapid social and economic changes. However, it was tainted by the <a href="/wiki/Ratsitatanina" title="Ratsitatanina">Ratsitatane</a> episode. Ratsitatane, nephew of King Radama of <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>, was brought to Mauritius as a political prisoner. He managed to escape from prison and plotted a rebellion that would free the island's slaves. He was betrayed by his associate Laizaf and was caught by a group of militiamen and <a href="/wiki/Summary_execution" title="Summary execution">summarily executed</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Selvon_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Selvon-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1832, d'Épinay launched the first Mauritian newspaper (<i>Le Cernéen</i>), which was not controlled by the government. In the same year, there was a move by the <i>procureur-general</i> to abolish slavery without compensation to the slave owners. This gave rise to discontent, and, to check an eventual rebellion, the government ordered all the inhabitants to surrender their arms. Furthermore, a stone fortress, Fort Adelaide, was built on a hill (now known as the Citadel hill) in the centre of Port Louis to quell any uprising.<sup id="cite_ref-Toussaint2_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toussaint2-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Slavery was gradually abolished over several years after 1833, and the planters ultimately received two million <a href="/wiki/Pounds_sterling" class="mw-redirect" title="Pounds sterling">pounds sterling</a> in compensation for the loss of their slaves, who had been imported from Africa and <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a> during the French occupation.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Abolitionism in the United Kingdom">abolition of slavery</a> had important effects on Mauritius's society, economy and population. The planters brought a large number of <a href="/wiki/Indentured_servant" class="mw-redirect" title="Indentured servant">indentured labourers</a> from India to work in the sugar cane fields. Between 1834 and 1921, around half a million indentured labourers were present on the island. They worked on sugar estates, factories, in transport and on construction sites. Additionally, the British brought 8,740 Indian soldiers to the island.<sup id="cite_ref-govt_39-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-govt-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Aapravasi_Ghat" title="Aapravasi Ghat">Aapravasi Ghat</a>, in the bay at <a href="/wiki/Port_Louis" title="Port Louis">Port Louis</a> and now a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> site, was the first British colony to serve as a major reception centre for <a href="/wiki/Indentured_servants" class="mw-redirect" title="Indentured servants">indentured servants</a>. The labourers brought from India were not always fairly treated, and a Frenchman of German origin, Adolphe de Plevitz, made himself the unofficial protector of these immigrants. In 1871 he helped them to write a petition that was sent to <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Hamilton-Gordon,_1st_Baron_Stanmore" title="Arthur Hamilton-Gordon, 1st Baron Stanmore">Governor Gordon</a>. A commission was appointed and recommended several measures that would affect the lives of Indian labourers during the next fifty years.<sup id="cite_ref-Toussaint_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toussaint-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1885, <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Mauritius_(1885)" title="Constitution of Mauritius (1885)">a new constitution</a> was introduced. It was referred to as <i>Cens Démocratique</i> and it incorporated some of the principles advocated by one of the Creole leaders, Onésipho Beaugeard. It created elected positions in the Legislative Council – although the franchise was restricted mainly to the white French and fair-skinned Indian elite who owned real estate. In 1886, Governor <a href="/wiki/John_Pope_Hennessy" title="John Pope Hennessy">John Pope Hennessy</a> nominated <a href="/wiki/Gnanadicarayen_Arlanda" title="Gnanadicarayen Arlanda">Gnanadicarayen Arlanda</a> as the first ever <a href="/wiki/Indo-Mauritian" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Mauritian">Indo-Mauritian</a> member of the ruling council – despite the sugar oligarchy's preference for rival Indo-Mauritian Emile Sandapa. Arlanda served until 1891.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1903, motorcars were introduced in Mauritius, and in 1910, the first taxis came into service. The electrification of Port Louis took place in 1909, and in the same decade the Mauritius Hydro Electric Company of the <a href="/wiki/Amode_Ibrahim_Atchia" title="Amode Ibrahim Atchia">Atchia Brothers</a> was authorised to provide power to the towns of upper <a href="/wiki/Plaines_Wilhems" class="mw-redirect" title="Plaines Wilhems">Plaines Wilhems</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Numa_Desjardins_Champ_de_Mars_Port_Louis_1880.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Numa_Desjardins_Champ_de_Mars_Port_Louis_1880.jpg/220px-Numa_Desjardins_Champ_de_Mars_Port_Louis_1880.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Numa_Desjardins_Champ_de_Mars_Port_Louis_1880.jpg/330px-Numa_Desjardins_Champ_de_Mars_Port_Louis_1880.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Numa_Desjardins_Champ_de_Mars_Port_Louis_1880.jpg/440px-Numa_Desjardins_Champ_de_Mars_Port_Louis_1880.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="708" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Champ_de_Mars_Racecourse" title="Champ de Mars Racecourse">Champ de Mars Racecourse</a>, Port Louis, 1880</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_web_of_empire_-_a_diary_of_the_imperial_tour_of_their_Royal_Highnesses_the_Duke_and_Duchess_of_Cornwall_and_York_in_1901_(1902)_(14763807672).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/The_web_of_empire_-_a_diary_of_the_imperial_tour_of_their_Royal_Highnesses_the_Duke_and_Duchess_of_Cornwall_and_York_in_1901_%281902%29_%2814763807672%29.jpg/220px-The_web_of_empire_-_a_diary_of_the_imperial_tour_of_their_Royal_Highnesses_the_Duke_and_Duchess_of_Cornwall_and_York_in_1901_%281902%29_%2814763807672%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/The_web_of_empire_-_a_diary_of_the_imperial_tour_of_their_Royal_Highnesses_the_Duke_and_Duchess_of_Cornwall_and_York_in_1901_%281902%29_%2814763807672%29.jpg/330px-The_web_of_empire_-_a_diary_of_the_imperial_tour_of_their_Royal_Highnesses_the_Duke_and_Duchess_of_Cornwall_and_York_in_1901_%281902%29_%2814763807672%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/The_web_of_empire_-_a_diary_of_the_imperial_tour_of_their_Royal_Highnesses_the_Duke_and_Duchess_of_Cornwall_and_York_in_1901_%281902%29_%2814763807672%29.jpg/440px-The_web_of_empire_-_a_diary_of_the_imperial_tour_of_their_Royal_Highnesses_the_Duke_and_Duchess_of_Cornwall_and_York_in_1901_%281902%29_%2814763807672%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1718" /></a><figcaption>Visit of the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York (later <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">King George V</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Teck" title="Mary of Teck">Queen Mary</a>) to Mauritius, 1901</figcaption></figure> <p>The 1910s were a period of political agitation. The rising middle class (made up of doctors, lawyers, and teachers) began to challenge the political power of the sugar cane landowners. <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Laurent" title="Eugène Laurent">Eugène Laurent</a>, mayor of Port Louis, was the leader of this new group; his party, <a href="/wiki/Action_Lib%C3%A9rale" title="Action Libérale">Action Libérale</a>, demanded that more people should be allowed to vote in the elections. Action Libérale was opposed by the Parti de l'Ordre, led by Henri Leclézio, the most influential of the sugar magnates.<sup id="cite_ref-Toussaint_51-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toussaint-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1911, there were riots in Port Louis due to a false rumour that Laurent had been murdered by the oligarchs in Curepipe. This became known as the <a href="/wiki/1911_Curepipe_riots" title="1911 Curepipe riots">1911 Curepipe riots</a>. Shops and offices were damaged in the capital, and one person was killed.<sup id="cite_ref-Dinan_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dinan-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same year, 1911, the first public cinema shows took place in Curepipe, and, in the same town, a stone building was erected to house the Royal College.<sup id="cite_ref-Dinan_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dinan-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1912, a wider telephone network came into service, used by the government, business firms, and a few private households. </p><p><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> broke out in August 1914. Many Mauritians volunteered to fight in Europe against the Germans and in <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> against the Turks. But the war affected Mauritius much less than the wars of the eighteenth century. In fact, the 1914–1918 war was a period of great prosperity, due to a boom in sugar prices. In 1919, the Mauritius Sugar Syndicate came into being, which included 70% of all sugar producers.<sup id="cite_ref-Republic_of_Mauritius-_History_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Republic_of_Mauritius-_History-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1920s saw the rise of a "retrocessionism" movement, which favoured the retrocession of Mauritius to France. The movement rapidly collapsed because none of the candidates who wanted Mauritius to be given back to France were elected in the 1921 elections. In the post-war recession, there was a sharp drop in sugar prices. Many sugar estates closed down, marking the end of an era for the sugar magnates who had not only controlled the economy but also the political life of the country. From the end of nominated Arlanda's term in 1891, until 1926, there had been no Indo-Mauritian representation in the Legislative Council. However, at the 1926 elections, Dunputh Lallah and Rajcoomar Gujadhur became the first <a href="/wiki/Indo-Mauritians" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Mauritians">Indo-Mauritians</a> to be elected to the Legislative Council. At Grand Port, Lallah won over rivals Fernand Louis Morel and Gaston Gebert; at Flacq, Gujadhur defeated Pierre Montocchio.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1936 saw the birth of the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Mauritius)" title="Labour Party (Mauritius)">Labour Party</a>, launched by <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Cur%C3%A9" title="Maurice Curé">Maurice Curé</a>. <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Anquetil" title="Emmanuel Anquetil">Emmanuel Anquetil</a> rallied the urban workers while Pandit Sahadeo concentrated on the rural working class.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Uba_riots_of_1937" class="mw-redirect" title="Uba riots of 1937">Uba riots of 1937</a> resulted in reforms by the local British government that improved labour conditions and led to the un-banning of labour unions.<sup id="cite_ref-js_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-js-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rg_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rg-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Labour Day was celebrated for the first time in 1938. More than 30,000 workers sacrificed a day's wage and came from all over the island to attend a giant meeting at the Champ de Mars.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the dockers' strikes, trade unionist <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Anquetil" title="Emmanuel Anquetil">Emmanuel Anquetil</a> was deported to Rodrigues, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Cur%C3%A9" title="Maurice Curé">Maurice Curé</a> and Pandit Sahadeo were placed under house arrest, whilst numerous strikers were jailed. Governor Sir <a href="/wiki/Bede_Clifford" title="Bede Clifford">Bede Clifford</a> assisted Mr Jules Leclezio of the Mauritius Sugar Syndicate to counter the effects of the strike by using alternative workers known as 'black legs'.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> in 1939, many Mauritians volunteered to serve under the British flag in Africa and the Near East, fighting against the German and Italian armies. Mauritius was never really threatened, but in 1943, several British ships were sunk outside Port Louis by German submarines. In the initial stages of the war, locally recruited military formations were raised in order to defend the country in case the British imperial troops had to leave. On 24 March 1943, the <a href="/wiki/Mauritius_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauritius Regiment">Mauritius Regiment</a>, was created as an imperial unit and a new subsidiary of the East Africa Command (EAC). In late 1943, the 1st Battalion of the Mauritius Regiment (1MR) was sent to Madagascar for training, and in their place a battalion of the <a href="/wiki/King%27s_African_Rifles" title="King's African Rifles">King's African Rifles</a> (KAR) was stationed in Mauritius. The dispatch of the 1MR proved to be politically unpopular on the basis of some troops resenting conscription and the battalion overseas comprising solely non-white troops, exacerbating racial tensions in the country. The 1MR troops were further aggrieved at the segregation they were subject to, unequal pay, physically demanding training, and were fearful of the Japanese soldiers, all these factors culminated in the 1MR mutinying.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During World War II, conditions were hard in the country; the prices of commodities doubled but workers' salaries increased only by 10 to 20 percent. There was civil unrest, and the colonial government censored all trade union activities. However, the labourers of Belle Vue Harel Sugar Estate went on strike on 27 September 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Police officers eventually fired directly at the crowd, resulting in the deaths of four labourers.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This became known as the <a href="/wiki/1943_Belle_Vue_Harel_Massacre" title="1943 Belle Vue Harel Massacre">1943 Belle Vue Harel Massacre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Social worker and leader of the Jan Andolan movement <a href="/wiki/Basdeo_Bissoondoyal" title="Basdeo Bissoondoyal">Basdeo Bissoondoyal</a> organised the funeral ceremonies of the four dead labourers.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three months later, on 12 December 1943, Bissoondoyal organised a mass gathering at "Marie Reine de la Paix" in Port Louis, and the significant crowd of workers from all over the island confirmed the popularity of the Jan Andolan movement.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the proclamation of the 1947 <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Mauritius" title="Constitution of Mauritius">Constitution of Mauritius</a>, the general elections were held on 9 August 1948 – and, for the first time, the colonial government expanded the franchise to all adults who could write their name in one of the island's 19 languages, abolishing the previous gender and property qualifications.<sup id="cite_ref-CD_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CD-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Guy_Rozemont" title="Guy Rozemont">Guy Rozemont</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Mauritius)" title="Labour Party (Mauritius)">Labour Party</a> won the majority of the votes with 11 of the 19 elected seats won by <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindus</a>. However, the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_British_Mauritius" title="Governor of British Mauritius">Governor-General</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Mackenzie-Kennedy" title="Donald Mackenzie-Kennedy">Donald Mackenzie-Kennedy</a> appointed 12 Conservatives to the Legislative Council on 23 August 1948 to perpetuate the predominance of white <a href="/wiki/Franco-Mauritians" title="Franco-Mauritians">Franco-Mauritians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CD_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CD-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1948, <a href="/wiki/Emilienne_Rochecouste" title="Emilienne Rochecouste">Emilienne Rochecouste</a> became the first woman to be elected to the Legislative Council.<sup id="cite_ref-RR_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RR-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Guy_Rozemont" title="Guy Rozemont">Guy Rozemont</a>'s party bettered its position in 1953, and, on the strength of the election results, demanded <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal suffrage</a>. Constitutional conferences were held in London in 1955 and 1957, and the ministerial system was introduced. Voting took place for the first time on the basis of universal adult suffrage on 9 March 1959. The general election was again won by the Labour Party, led this time by Sir <a href="/wiki/Seewoosagur_Ramgoolam" title="Seewoosagur Ramgoolam">Seewoosagur Ramgoolam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ram_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ram-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A Constitutional Review Conference was held in London in 1961, and a programme of further constitutional advance was established. The 1963 election was won by the Labour Party and its allies. The <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Office" title="Colonial Office">Colonial Office</a> noted that politics of a communal nature was gaining ground in Mauritius and that the choice of candidates (by parties) and the voting behaviour (of electors) were governed by ethnic and caste considerations.<sup id="cite_ref-ram_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ram-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around that time, two eminent British academics, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Titmuss" title="Richard Titmuss">Richard Titmuss</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Meade" title="James Meade">James Meade</a>, published a report of the island's social problems caused by overpopulation and the monoculture of sugar cane. This led to an intense campaign to halt the population explosion, and the decade registered a sharp decline in population growth.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early 1965, a political assassination took place in the suburb of Belle-Rose, in the town of Quatre Bornes, where Labour activist Rampersad Surath was beaten to death by thugs of rival party <a href="/wiki/Parti_Mauricien_Social_D%C3%A9mocrate" title="Parti Mauricien Social Démocrate">Parti Mauricien</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 10 May 1965, <a href="/wiki/1965_Mauritius_race_riots" title="1965 Mauritius race riots">racial riots</a> broke out in the village of <i>Trois Boutiques</i> near <a href="/wiki/Souillac,_Mauritius" title="Souillac, Mauritius">Souillac</a> and progressed to the historic village of <a href="/wiki/Mah%C3%A9bourg" title="Mahébourg">Mahébourg</a>. A nationwide <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">state of emergency</a> was declared on the whole British colony. The riot was initiated by the murder of Police Constable Beesoo in his vehicle by a Creole gang. This was followed by the murder of a civilian named Mr. Robert Brousse in Trois Boutiques.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Creole gang then proceeded to the coastal historic village of Mahébourg to assault the Indo-Mauritian spectators who were watching a Hindustani movie at Cinéma Odéon. Mahébourg police recorded nearly 100 complaints of assaults on Indo-Mauritians.<sup id="cite_ref-vm_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vm-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independence_and_constitutional_monarchy_(1968-1992)"><span id="Independence_and_constitutional_monarchy_.281968-1992.29"></span>Independence and constitutional monarchy (1968-1992)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Independence and constitutional monarchy (1968-1992)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Mauritius" title="Independence of Mauritius">Independence of Mauritius</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Mauritius_(1968%E2%80%931992)" title="Mauritius (1968–1992)">Mauritius (1968–1992)</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seewoosagur_Ramgoolam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Seewoosagur_Ramgoolam.jpg/170px-Seewoosagur_Ramgoolam.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Seewoosagur_Ramgoolam.jpg/255px-Seewoosagur_Ramgoolam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Seewoosagur_Ramgoolam.jpg/340px-Seewoosagur_Ramgoolam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="654" data-file-height="862" /></a><figcaption>Sir <a href="/wiki/Seewoosagur_Ramgoolam" title="Seewoosagur Ramgoolam">Seewoosagur Ramgoolam</a>, first <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Mauritius" title="Prime Minister of Mauritius">Prime Minister of Mauritius</a> at Lod airport, Israel 1962</figcaption></figure> <p>At the Lancaster Conference of 1965, it became clear that Britain wanted to relieve itself of the colony of Mauritius. In 1959, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Harold Macmillan</a> had made his famous "<a href="/wiki/Wind_of_Change_(speech)" title="Wind of Change (speech)">Wind of Change Speech</a>" in which he acknowledged that the best option for Britain was to give complete independence to its colonies. Thus, since the late fifties, the way was paved for independence.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later in 1965, after the Lancaster Conference, the <a href="/wiki/Chagos_Archipelago" title="Chagos Archipelago">Chagos Archipelago</a> was excised from the territory of Mauritius to form the <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a> (BIOT). A general election took place on 7 August 1967, and the <a href="/wiki/Independence_Party_(Mauritius)" title="Independence Party (Mauritius)">Independence Party</a> obtained the majority of seats. In January 1968, six weeks before the declaration of independence the <a href="/wiki/1968_Mauritian_riots" title="1968 Mauritian riots">1968 Mauritian riots</a> occurred in Port Louis leading to the deaths of 25 people.<sup id="cite_ref-mg_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mg-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-eisa_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eisa-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stamp_Mauritius_1954_5c.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Stamp_Mauritius_1954_5c.jpg/170px-Stamp_Mauritius_1954_5c.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Stamp_Mauritius_1954_5c.jpg/255px-Stamp_Mauritius_1954_5c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Stamp_Mauritius_1954_5c.jpg/340px-Stamp_Mauritius_1954_5c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="664" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> was <a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Mauritius" title="Queen of Mauritius">Queen of Mauritius</a> from 1968 to 1992.</figcaption></figure> <p>Mauritius adopted a new constitution, and independence was proclaimed on 12 March 1968. Sir <a href="/wiki/Seewoosagur_Ramgoolam" title="Seewoosagur Ramgoolam">Seewoosagur Ramgoolam</a> became the first prime minister of an independent Mauritius – with <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a> remaining head of state as Queen of Mauritius. </p><p>In 1969, the opposition party, <a href="/wiki/Mauritian_Militant_Movement" title="Mauritian Militant Movement">Mauritian Militant Movement</a> (MMM), was founded, led by <a href="/wiki/Paul_B%C3%A9renger" title="Paul Bérenger">Paul Bérenger</a>. Later, in 1971, the MMM – backed by unions – called a series of strikes in the port, which caused a state of emergency in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The coalition government of the Labour Party and the PMSD (Parti Mauricien Social Démocrate) reacted by curtailing civil liberties and curbing <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">freedom of the press</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dinan_59-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dinan-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two unsuccessful apparent assassination attempts were made against Paul Bérenger in 1971, killing his supporter Fareed Muttur<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and dock worker and activist <a href="/wiki/Azor_Adelaide" title="Azor Adelaide">Azor Adélaïde</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> General elections were postponed and public meetings were prohibited. Members of the MMM, including Paul Bérenger, were imprisoned on 23 December 1971. The MMM leader was released a year later.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1973, Mauritius became the first country in Africa to be free from diagnoses of <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a>. </p><p>In May 1975, a student revolt that started at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Mauritius" title="University of Mauritius">University of Mauritius</a> swept across the country.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The students were unsatisfied with an education system that did not meet their aspirations, and that gave limited prospects for future employment. On 20 May, thousands of students tried to enter Port-Louis over the Grand River North West bridge, and clashed with police. An act of Parliament was passed on 16 December 1975 to extend the right to vote to 18-year-olds. This was seen as an attempt to appease the frustration of the younger generation.<sup id="cite_ref-Selvon_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Selvon-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The next general elections took place on <a href="/wiki/1976_Mauritian_general_election" title="1976 Mauritian general election">20 December 1976</a>. The Labour-CAM coalition won only 28 seats out of 62.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The MMM secured 34 seats in Parliament but outgoing Prime Minister Sir <a href="/wiki/Seewoosagur_Ramgoolam" title="Seewoosagur Ramgoolam">Seewoosagur Ramgoolam</a> managed to remain in office, with a two-seat majority, after striking an alliance with the PMSD of <a href="/wiki/Gaetan_Duval" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaetan Duval">Gaetan Duval</a>. </p><p>In 1982 an <a href="/wiki/Mauritian_Militant_Movement" title="Mauritian Militant Movement">MMM</a>-<a href="/wiki/Parti_Socialiste_Mauricien" title="Parti Socialiste Mauricien">PSM</a> government (led by <a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Mauritius" title="List of prime ministers of Mauritius">PM</a> <a href="/wiki/Anerood_Jugnauth" title="Anerood Jugnauth">Anerood Jugnauth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Mauritius" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Mauritius">Deputy PM</a> <a href="/wiki/Harish_Boodhoo" title="Harish Boodhoo">Harish Boodhoo</a> and Finance Minister <a href="/wiki/Paul_B%C3%A9renger" title="Paul Bérenger">Paul Bérenger</a>) was elected. However, ideological and personality differences emerged within the MMM and PSM leadership. The power struggle between Bérenger and Jugnauth peaked in March 1983. Jugnauth travelled to New Delhi to attend the <a href="/wiki/7th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="7th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">7th Summit</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a> summit; on his return, Bérenger proposed constitutional changes that would strip power from the Prime Minister. At Jugnauth's request, PM <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a> of India planned an armed intervention involving the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Indian Navy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a> to prevent a coup under the code name <a href="/wiki/Operation_Lal_Dora" title="Operation Lal Dora">Operation Lal Dora</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Mauritian_Militant_Movement" title="Mauritian Militant Movement">MMM</a>-<a href="/wiki/Parti_Socialiste_Mauricien" title="Parti Socialiste Mauricien">PSM</a> government split up nine months after the June 1982 election. According to an Information Ministry official the nine months was a "socialist experiment".<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Harish_Boodhoo" title="Harish Boodhoo">Harish Boodhoo</a> dissolved his party <a href="/wiki/Parti_Socialiste_Mauricien" title="Parti Socialiste Mauricien">PSM</a> to enable all PSM parliamentarians to join Jugnauth's new party MSM, thus remaining in power whilst distancing themselves from <a href="/wiki/Mauritian_Militant_Movement" title="Mauritian Militant Movement">MMM</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The MSM-Labour-PMSD coalition was victorious at the <a href="/wiki/1983_Mauritian_general_election" title="1983 Mauritian general election">August 1983</a> elections, resulting in <a href="/wiki/Anerood_Jugnauth" title="Anerood Jugnauth">Anerood Jugnauth</a> as PM and <a href="/wiki/Ga%C3%ABtan_Duval" title="Gaëtan Duval">Gaëtan Duval</a> as <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Mauritius" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Mauritius">Deputy PM</a>. </p><p>That period saw growth in the EPZ (Export Processing Zone) sector. Industrialisation began to spread to villages as well, and attracted young workers from all ethnic communities. As a result, the sugar industry began to lose its hold on the economy. Large retail chains began opening stores in 1985 and offered credit facilities to low-income earners, thus allowing them to afford basic household appliances. There was also a boom in the tourism industry, and new hotels sprang up throughout the island. In 1989 the stock exchange opened its doors, and in 1992, the freeport began operation.<sup id="cite_ref-Dinan_59-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dinan-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1990, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Mauritius" title="List of prime ministers of Mauritius">Prime Minister</a> lost the vote on changing the Constitution to make the country a republic with Bérenger as president.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Republic_(since_1992)"><span id="Republic_.28since_1992.29"></span>Republic (since 1992)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Republic (since 1992)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 12 March 1992, Mauritius was proclaimed a republic within the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a> and the monarch removed as head of state.<sup id="cite_ref-govt_39-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-govt-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Mauritius" title="Governor-General of Mauritius">Governor-General of Mauritius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Veerasamy_Ringadoo" title="Veerasamy Ringadoo">Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo</a>, became the first <a href="/wiki/President_of_Mauritius" title="President of Mauritius">President</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was under a transitional arrangement, in which he was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Cassam_Uteem" title="Cassam Uteem">Cassam Uteem</a> later that year.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Political power remained with the prime minister. </p><p>Despite an improvement in the economy, which coincided with a fall in the price of petrol and a favourable dollar exchange rate, the government did not enjoy full popularity. As early as 1984, there was discontent. Through the <i>Newspapers and Periodicals Amendment Act</i>, the government tried to make every newspaper provide a bank guarantee of half a million rupees. Forty-three journalists protested by participating in a public demonstration in Port Louis, in front of Parliament. They were arrested and freed on bail. This caused a public outcry and the government had to review its policy.<sup id="cite_ref-Dinan_59-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dinan-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There was also dissatisfaction in the education sector. There were not enough high-quality secondary colleges to answer the growing demand of primary school leavers who had got through their CPE (Certificate of Primary Education). In 1991, a master plan for education failed to get national support and contributed to the government's downfall.<sup id="cite_ref-Dinan_59-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dinan-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 1995, <a href="/wiki/Navin_Ramgoolam" title="Navin Ramgoolam">Navin Ramgoolam</a> was elected as <a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Mauritius" title="List of prime ministers of Mauritius">PM</a> of the Labour–MMM alliance. In October 1996, the triple murder of political activists at Gorah-Issac Street in Port Louis led to several arrests and a long investigation.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The year 1999 was marked by civil unrest and riots in <a href="/wiki/1999_Mauritian_riots" title="1999 Mauritian riots">February</a> and then in <a href="/wiki/1999_L%27Amicale_riots" title="1999 L'Amicale riots">May</a>. Following the Kaya riots, President <a href="/wiki/Cassam_Uteem" title="Cassam Uteem">Cassam Uteem</a> and Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Jean_Marg%C3%A9ot" title="Jean Margéot">Jean Margéot</a> toured the country and calm was restored after four days of turmoil.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A commission of enquiry was set up to investigate the root causes of the social disturbance. The resulting report delved into the cause of poverty and qualified many tenacious beliefs as perceptions.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2000, political activist Rajen Sabapathee was shot dead after he escaped from La Bastille jail.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mauriceybbrfrinwodas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Mauriceybbrfrinwodas.jpg/220px-Mauriceybbrfrinwodas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Mauriceybbrfrinwodas.jpg/330px-Mauriceybbrfrinwodas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Mauriceybbrfrinwodas.jpg/440px-Mauriceybbrfrinwodas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>Perceived failure of <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Mauritius" title="Government of Mauritius">the government</a> to respond promptly and effectively to the <a href="/wiki/MV_Wakashio_oil_spill" title="MV Wakashio oil spill">MV <i>Wakashio</i> oil spill</a> resulted in anti-government protests.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sir <a href="/wiki/Anerood_Jugnauth" title="Anerood Jugnauth">Anerood Jugnauth</a> of the MSM returned to power in September 2000 after securing an alliance with the MMM. In 2002, the island of <a href="/wiki/Rodrigues" title="Rodrigues">Rodrigues</a> became an autonomous entity within the republic and was thus able to elect its own representatives to administer the island. In 2003, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Mauritius" title="List of prime ministers of Mauritius">prime ministership</a> was transferred to <a href="/wiki/Paul_B%C3%A9renger" title="Paul Bérenger">Paul Bérenger</a> of the MMM, and Sir Anerood Jugnauth became president. Bérenger was the first Franco-Mauritian Prime Minister in the country's post-Independence history. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2005_Mauritian_general_election" title="2005 Mauritian general election">2005 elections</a>, Navin Ramgoolam became PM under the new coalition of Labour–PMXD–VF–MR–MMSM. In the <a href="/wiki/2010_Mauritian_general_election" title="2010 Mauritian general election">2010 elections</a> the Labour–MSM–PMSD alliance secured power and Navin Ramgoolam remained PM until 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The MSM–PMSD–ML coalition was victorious at the <a href="/wiki/2014_Mauritian_general_election" title="2014 Mauritian general election">2014 elections</a> under Anerood Jugnauth's leadership. Despite disagreements within the ruling alliance that led to the departure of PMSD, the MSM–ML stayed in power for their full 5-year term.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 21 January 2017, Sir Anerood Jugnauth announced his resignation and that his son and Finance Minister <a href="/wiki/Pravind_Jugnauth" title="Pravind Jugnauth">Pravind Jugnauth</a> would assume the office of prime minister.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The transition took place as planned on 23 January 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, Mauritian president <a href="/wiki/Ameenah_Gurib-Fakim" title="Ameenah Gurib-Fakim">Ameenah Gurib-Fakim</a> resigned over a financial scandal.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The incumbent president is <a href="/wiki/Prithvirajsing_Roopun" title="Prithvirajsing Roopun">Prithvirajsing Roopun</a><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who has served since December 2019. </p><p>In the November 2019 <a href="/wiki/2019_Mauritius_General_Elections" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Mauritius General Elections">Mauritius general elections</a>, the ruling <a href="/wiki/Militant_Socialist_Movement" title="Militant Socialist Movement">Militant Socialist Movement</a> (MSM) won more than half of the seats in parliament, securing incumbent Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Pravind_Jugnauth" title="Pravind Jugnauth">Pravind Kumar Jugnauth</a> a new five-year term.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 25 July 2020, Japanese-owned bulk carrier MV Wakashio ran aground on a coral reef off the coast of Mauritius, leaking up to 1,000 tonnes of heavy oil into a pristine lagoon.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its location on the edge of protected fragile marine ecosystems and a wetland of international importance made the <a href="/wiki/MV_Wakashio_oil_spill" title="MV Wakashio oil spill"><i>MV Wakashio</i> oil spill</a> one of the worst <a href="/wiki/Environmental_disaster" title="Environmental disaster">environmental disasters</a> ever to hit the western Indian Ocean.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 10 November 2024, the opposition coalition, <a href="/wiki/Alliance_du_Changement" title="Alliance du Changement">Alliance du Changement</a>, won 60 of the 64 seats in the Mauritian <a href="/wiki/2024_Mauritian_general_election" title="2024 Mauritian general election">general election</a>. Its leader, former prime minister <a href="/wiki/Navin_Ramgoolam" title="Navin Ramgoolam">Navin Ramgoolam</a>, became new prime minister.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Mauritius" title="Geography of Mauritius">Geography of Mauritius</a></div> <p>The total land area of the country is 2,040 km<sup>2</sup> (790 sq mi). It is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_outlying_territories_by_total_area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries and outlying territories by total area">170th largest nation</a> in the world by size. The Republic of Mauritius comprises Mauritius Island and <a href="/wiki/Outer_Islands_of_Mauritius" title="Outer Islands of Mauritius">several outlying islands</a>. The nation's <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone" title="Exclusive economic zone">exclusive economic zone</a> covers about 2.3 million km<sup>2</sup> (890,000 sq mi) of the Indian Ocean, including approximately 400,000 km<sup>2</sup> (150,000 sq mi) jointly managed with the <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mauritius_Island">Mauritius Island</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Mauritius Island"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mauritius is 2,000 km (1,200 mi) off the southeast coast of Africa, between latitudes <a href="/wiki/19th_parallel_south" title="19th parallel south">19°58.8'S</a> and <a href="/wiki/20th_parallel_south" title="20th parallel south">20°31.7'S</a> and longitudes <a href="/wiki/57th_meridian_east" title="57th meridian east">57°18.0'E</a> and <a href="/wiki/57th_meridian_east" title="57th meridian east">57°46.5'E</a>. It is 65 km (40 mi) long and 45 km (30 mi) wide. Its land area is 1,864.8 km<sup>2</sup> (720.0 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island is surrounded by more than 150 km (100 mi) of white sandy beaches, and the lagoons are protected from the open sea by the world's third-largest coral reef, which surrounds the island.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Just off the Mauritian coast lie some 49 uninhabited islands and <a href="/wiki/Islets_of_Mauritius" title="Islets of Mauritius">islets</a>, several of which have been declared natural reserves for endangered species. </p><p>Mauritius Island (<a href="/wiki/Mauritian_Creole" title="Mauritian Creole">Mauritian Creole</a>: <i>Lil Moris</i>; French: <i lang="fr">Île Maurice</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[il<span class="wrap"> </span>moʁis]</a></span>) is relatively young geologically, having been created by volcanic activity some 8 million years ago. Together with Saint Brandon, Réunion, and Rodrigues, the island is part of the <a href="/wiki/Mascarene_Islands" title="Mascarene Islands">Mascarene Islands</a>. These islands emerged as a result of gigantic underwater volcanic eruptions that happened thousands of kilometres to the east of the continental block made up of Africa and Madagascar.<sup id="cite_ref-territory_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-territory-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are no longer volcanically active and the <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union_hotspot" title="Réunion hotspot">hotspot</a> now rests under Réunion Island. Mauritius is encircled by a broken ring of mountain ranges, varying in height from 300 to 800 metres (1,000 to 2,600 ft) above sea level. The land rises from coastal plains to a central plateau where it reaches a height of 670 m (2,200 ft); the highest peak is in the south-west, <a href="/wiki/Piton_de_la_Petite_Rivi%C3%A8re_Noire" title="Piton de la Petite Rivière Noire">Piton de la Petite Rivière Noire</a> at 828 metres (2,717 ft). Streams and rivers speckle the island, many formed in the cracks created by lava flows. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mauritius.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Mauritius.png/650px-Mauritius.png" decoding="async" width="650" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Mauritius.png/975px-Mauritius.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/Mauritius.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="435" /></a><figcaption>A panoramic view of Mauritius Island</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rodrigues_Island">Rodrigues Island</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Rodrigues Island"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rodrigues" title="Rodrigues">Rodrigues</a></div> <p>The autonomous island of <a href="/wiki/Rodrigues" title="Rodrigues">Rodrigues</a> is located 560 km (350 mi) to the east of Mauritius, with an area 108 km<sup>2</sup> (42 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-territory_121-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-territory-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rodrigues is a <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_island" title="Volcanic island">volcanic island</a> rising from a ridge along the edge of the <a href="/wiki/Mascarene_Plateau" title="Mascarene Plateau">Mascarene Plateau</a>. The island is hilly with a central spine culminating in the highest peak, Mountain Limon at 398 m (1,306 ft). The island also has a <a href="/wiki/Coral_reef" title="Coral reef">coral reef</a> and extensive <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> deposits. According to Statistics Mauritius, at 1 July 2019, the population of the island was estimated at 43,371.<sup id="cite_ref-1_July_2019_Statistics_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1_July_2019_Statistics-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chagos_Archipelago">Chagos Archipelago</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Chagos Archipelago"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chagos_Archipelago" title="Chagos Archipelago">Chagos Archipelago</a></div> <p>The Chagos Archipelago is composed of atolls and islands, and is located approximately 2,200 kilometres north-east of the main island of Mauritius. Mauritius claims sovereignty over the archipelago, which forms the <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a> and is <i>de facto</i> controlled by the United Kingdom. </p><p>To the north of the Chagos Archipelago are <a href="/wiki/Peros_Banhos" title="Peros Banhos">Peros Banhos</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Salomon_Islands" title="Salomon Islands">Salomon Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nelsons_Island" title="Nelsons Island">Nelsons Island</a>; to the south-west are <a href="/wiki/Three_Brothers,_Chagos" title="Three Brothers, Chagos">The Three Brothers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eagle_Islands" title="Eagle Islands">Eagle Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egmont_Islands" title="Egmont Islands">Egmont Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Danger_Island,_Great_Chagos_Bank" title="Danger Island, Great Chagos Bank">Danger Island</a>. <a href="/wiki/Diego_Garcia" title="Diego Garcia">Diego Garcia</a> is in the south-east of the archipelago.<sup id="cite_ref-PCA_Memorial_Vol_1_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCA_Memorial_Vol_1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, the Chagossian population was estimated at 8,700 in Mauritius, including 483 natives; 350 Chagossians live in the Seychelles, including 75 natives, while 3,000, including 127 natives, live in the UK (the population having grown from the 1200 Chagossians who moved there).<sup id="cite_ref-chif_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chif-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="St._Brandon">St. Brandon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: St. Brandon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/St._Brandon" title="St. Brandon">St. Brandon</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/St._Brandon" title="St. Brandon">St. Brandon</a>, also known as the Cargados Carajos shoals, is located 402 kilometres (250 mi) northeast of Mauritius Island. Saint Brandon is an archipelago composed of the remnants of the lost micro continent of <a href="/wiki/Mauritia_(microcontinent)" title="Mauritia (microcontinent)">Mauritia</a><sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and consists of five island groups, with between 28 and 40 islands in total, depending on seasonal storms, cyclones, and related sand movements. In 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council (United Kingdom)">Privy Council (United Kingdom)</a> judgment (Article 71) confirmed <a href="/wiki/Rapha%C3%ABl_Fishing_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Raphaël Fishing Company">Raphaël Fishing Company</a> as "the holder of a <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Grant" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent Grant">Permanent Grant</a> of the thirteen islands mentioned in the 1901 Deed (transcribed in Vol TB25 No 342) subject to the conditions therein referred to<i>"</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2002, St. Brandon was classified in 10th place globally by UNESCO for inclusion as a World Heritage Site well ahead of any other Mauritian candidates at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 8 May 2024, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Brandon_Conservation_Trust&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Brandon Conservation Trust (page does not exist)">Saint Brandon Conservation Trust</a> was launched internationally at the Corporate Council on Africa in Dallas. Texas.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The trust's mission is to protect, restore and conserve St. Brandon. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agaléga_Islands"><span id="Agal.C3.A9ga_Islands"></span>Agaléga Islands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Agaléga Islands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Agal%C3%A9ga" title="Agaléga">Agaléga</a></div> <p>The twin islands of <a href="/wiki/Agal%C3%A9ga" title="Agaléga">Agaléga</a> are located some 1,000 kilometres (600 miles) to the north of Mauritius.<sup id="cite_ref-territory_121-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-territory-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its North Island is 12.5 km (7.8 mi) long and 1.5 km (0.93 mi) wide, while its South Island is 7 by 4.5 km (4.3 by 2.8 mi). The total area of both islands is 26 km<sup>2</sup> (10 sq mi). According to Statistics Mauritius, at 1 July 2019, the population of Agaléga and St. Brandon was estimated at 274.<sup id="cite_ref-1_July_2019_Statistics_122-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1_July_2019_Statistics-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tromelin">Tromelin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Tromelin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tromelin_Island" title="Tromelin Island">Tromelin Island</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tromelin_aerial_photograph.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Tromelin_aerial_photograph.JPG/220px-Tromelin_aerial_photograph.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Tromelin_aerial_photograph.JPG/330px-Tromelin_aerial_photograph.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Tromelin_aerial_photograph.JPG/440px-Tromelin_aerial_photograph.JPG 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of Tromelin Island</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Tromelin_Island" title="Tromelin Island">Tromelin Island</a> lies 430 km north-west of Mauritius. Mauritius claims sovereignty over Tromelin island, though it is registered as a part of France. </p><p>The French took control of Mauritius in 1715, renaming it <a href="/wiki/Isle_de_France_(Mauritius)" title="Isle de France (Mauritius)">Isle de France</a>. France officially ceded Mauritius including all its dependencies to Britain through the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1814)" title="Treaty of Paris (1814)">Treaty of Paris</a>, signed on 30 May 1814 and in which <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a> was returned to France. The <a href="/wiki/British_Mauritius" title="British Mauritius">British Colony of Mauritius</a> consisted of the main island of Mauritius along with its dependencies <a href="/wiki/Rodrigues" title="Rodrigues">Rodrigues</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agal%C3%A9ga" title="Agaléga">Agaléga</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Brandon" title="St. Brandon">St. Brandon</a>, Tromelin (disputed) and the <a href="/wiki/Chagos_Archipelago" title="Chagos Archipelago">Chagos Archipelago</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a> became a separate colony in 1906. It is disputed whether the transfer of Isle de France (as Mauritius was previously known under French rule) and its dependencies to Britain in 1814 included Tromelin island. Article 8 of the Treaty of Paris stipulate the cession by France to Britain of Isle de France "and its dependencies, namely Rodrigues and the Seychelles". France considers that the sovereignty of Tromelin island was never transferred to Britain. Mauritius's claim is based on the fact that the transfer of Isle de France and its dependencies to Britain in 1814 was general in nature, that it was beyond those called out in the Treaty of Paris, and that all the dependencies of Isle de France were not specifically mentioned in the Treaty. Mauritius's claim is that since Tromelin was a dependency of Isle de France, it was 'de facto' transferred to Britain in 1814. The islands of <a href="/wiki/Agal%C3%A9ga" title="Agaléga">Agaléga</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Brandon" title="St. Brandon">St Brandon</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Chagos_Archipelago" title="Chagos Archipelago">Chagos Archipelago</a> were also not specifically mentioned in the Treaty of Paris but became part of the British Colony of Mauritius as they were dependencies of Isle de France at that time. In addition, the British authorities in Mauritius had been taking administrative measures with respect to Tromelin over the years; for instance, British officials granted four guano operating concessions on Tromelin island between 1901 and 1951.<sup id="cite_ref-tromelin_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tromelin-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1959, British officials in Mauritius informed the <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a> that it considered Tromelin to be part of its territory.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A co-management treaty was reached by France and Mauritius in 2010 but has not been ratified.<sup id="cite_ref-diploma_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-diploma-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chagos_Archipelago_territorial_dispute">Chagos Archipelago territorial dispute</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Chagos Archipelago territorial dispute"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Chagos_Archipelago_sovereignty_dispute" title="Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute">Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute</a> and <a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_the_Chagossians" title="Expulsion of the Chagossians">Expulsion of the Chagossians</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chagos_map.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Chagos_map.PNG/220px-Chagos_map.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Chagos_map.PNG/330px-Chagos_map.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Chagos_map.PNG/440px-Chagos_map.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1581" data-file-height="1768" /></a><figcaption>Map of the <a href="/wiki/Chagos_Archipelago" title="Chagos Archipelago">Chagos Archipelago</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Mauritius has long sought <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Chagos_Archipelago" title="Chagos Archipelago">Chagos Archipelago</a>, located 1,287 km (800 mi) to the north-east. Chagos was administratively part of Mauritius from the 18th century when the French first settled the islands. All of the islands forming part of the French colonial territory of <a href="/wiki/Isle_de_France_(Mauritius)" title="Isle de France (Mauritius)">Isle de France</a> (as Mauritius was then known) were ceded to the British in 1810 under the Act of Capitulation signed between the two powers.<sup id="cite_ref-real_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-real-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1965, three years before the independence of Mauritius, the United Kingdom split the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius and the islands of <a href="/wiki/Aldabra" title="Aldabra">Aldabra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Farquhar_Group" title="Farquhar Group">Farquhar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Desroches" class="mw-redirect" title="Desroches">Desroches</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a> to form the <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a> (BIOT). The islands were formally established as an overseas territory of the United Kingdom on 8 November 1965. On 23 June 1976, Aldabra, Farquhar and Desroches were returned to <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a> as a result of its attaining independence. The BIOT now comprises the Chagos Archipelago only. The UK leased the main island of the archipelago, <a href="/wiki/Diego_Garcia" title="Diego Garcia">Diego Garcia</a>, to the United States under a 50-year lease to establish a military base.<sup id="cite_ref-real_130-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-real-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, Britain extended the lease to the US till 2036.<sup id="cite_ref-THE_HINDU_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THE_HINDU-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mauritius has repeatedly asserted that the separation of its territories is a violation of United Nations resolutions banning the dismemberment of colonial territories before independence and claims that the <a href="/wiki/Chagos_Archipelago" title="Chagos Archipelago">Chagos Archipelago</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Diego_Garcia" title="Diego Garcia">Diego Garcia</a>, forms an integral part of the territory of Mauritius under both Mauritian law and international law.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1968 and 1973, British officials forcibly expelled over 1,000 <a href="/wiki/Chagossians" title="Chagossians">Chagossians</a> to Mauritius and the Seychelles. As part of the deportation, British officials have been accused of ordering the island's dog population of 1,000 to be gassed.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dog_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dog-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the United Nations and in statements to its Parliament, the UK stated that there was no "permanent population" in the Chagos Archipelago and described the population as "contract labourers" who were relocated.<sup id="cite_ref-ICJ_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICJ-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 1971, only the atoll of Diego Garcia is inhabited, home to some 3,000 UK and US military and civilian contracted personnel. Chagossians have since engaged in activism to return to the archipelago, claiming that their forced expulsion and dispossession were illegal.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mauritius considers the territorial sea of the Chagos Archipelago and Tromelin island as part of its <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone" title="Exclusive economic zone">exclusive economic zone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EEZ_1977_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EEZ_1977-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Camp_Justice_--Diego_Garcia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Camp_Justice_--Diego_Garcia.jpg/220px-Camp_Justice_--Diego_Garcia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Camp_Justice_--Diego_Garcia.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="257" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption>The military base of <a href="/wiki/Camp_Justice_(Diego_Garcia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp Justice (Diego Garcia)">Camp Justice</a> on <a href="/wiki/Diego_Garcia" title="Diego Garcia">Diego Garcia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>On 20 December 2010, Mauritius initiated proceedings against the United Kingdom under the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_on_the_Law_of_the_Sea" title="United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea">United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea</a> (UNCLOS) to challenge the legality of the <a href="/wiki/Chagos_Marine_Protected_Area" title="Chagos Marine Protected Area">Chagos Marine Protected Area</a> (MPA), which the UK purported to declare around the Chagos Archipelago in April 2010. The dispute was arbitrated by the <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Court_of_Arbitration" title="Permanent Court of Arbitration">Permanent Court of Arbitration</a>. The Tribunal's decision determined that the UK's undertaking to return the Chagos Archipelago to Mauritius gives Mauritius an interest in significant decisions that bear upon possible future uses of the archipelago.<sup id="cite_ref-cha_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cha-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 25 February 2019, the judges of the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> by thirteen votes to one stated that the United Kingdom is under an obligation to bring to an end its administration of the Chagos Archipelago as rapidly as possible. Only the American judge, <a href="/wiki/Joan_Donoghue" title="Joan Donoghue">Joan Donoghue</a>, voted in favor of the UK. The president of the court, <a href="/wiki/Abdulqawi_Ahmed_Yusuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdulqawi Ahmed Yusuf">Abdulqawi Ahmed Yusuf</a>, said the detachment of the Chagos Archipelago in 1965 from Mauritius had not been based on a "free and genuine expression of the people concerned". "This continued administration constitutes a wrongful act", he said, adding "The UK has an obligation to bring to an end its administration of the Chagos Archipelago as rapidly as possible and that all member states must co-operate with the United Nations to complete the decolonization of Mauritius."<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 22 May 2019, the United Nations General Assembly debated and adopted a resolution that affirmed that the Chagos Archipelago, which has been occupied by the UK for more than 50 years, "forms an integral part of the territory of Mauritius". The resolution gives effect to an advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice (ICJ), demanded that the UK "withdraw its colonial administration ... unconditionally within a period of no more than six months". 116 states voted in favour of the resolution, 55 abstained and only Australia, Hungary, Israel and Maldives supported the UK and US. During the debate, the Mauritian Prime Minister described the expulsion of Chagossians as "a <a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">crime against humanity</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Resolution_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Resolution-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the resolution is not legally binding, it carries significant political weight since the ruling came from the UN's highest court and the assembly vote reflects world opinion.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The resolution also has immediate practical consequences: the UN, its specialised agencies, and all other international organisations are now bound, as a matter of UN law, to support the decolonisation of Mauritius even if the UK claim that it has no doubt about its sovereignty.<sup id="cite_ref-Resolution_140-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Resolution-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 3 October 2024 it was announced through a joint statement by the UK and Mauritian governments that the archipelago was to have its sovereignty transferred to Mauritius. The island of Diego Garcia, which contains the military base Camp Justice, was the only exception to this new treaty, with administration being leased to the United Kingdom by the Mauritian government for a period of at least 99 years.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Sovereignty_142-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Sovereignty-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environment_and_climate">Environment and climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Environment and climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_River_Gorges_National_Park,_Mauritius.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Black_River_Gorges_National_Park%2C_Mauritius.jpg/220px-Black_River_Gorges_National_Park%2C_Mauritius.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Black_River_Gorges_National_Park%2C_Mauritius.jpg/330px-Black_River_Gorges_National_Park%2C_Mauritius.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Black_River_Gorges_National_Park%2C_Mauritius.jpg/440px-Black_River_Gorges_National_Park%2C_Mauritius.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Black_River_Gorges_National_Park" title="Black River Gorges National Park">Black River Gorges National Park</a></figcaption></figure> <p><span class="anchor" id="Climate_change_in_Mauritius"></span>The environment in Mauritius is typically tropical in the coastal regions with forests in the mountainous areas. Seasonal cyclones are destructive to its flora and fauna, although they recover quickly. Mauritius ranked second in an <a href="/wiki/Air_quality_index" title="Air quality index">air quality index</a> released by the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It had a 2019 <a href="/wiki/Forest_Landscape_Integrity_Index" title="Forest Landscape Integrity Index">Forest Landscape Integrity Index</a> mean score of 5.46/10, ranking it 100th globally out of 172 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-FLII-Supplementary_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FLII-Supplementary-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Situated near the <a href="/wiki/Tropic_of_Capricorn" title="Tropic of Capricorn">Tropic of Capricorn</a>, Mauritius has a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_climate" title="Tropical climate">tropical climate</a>. There are 2 seasons: a warm humid summer from November to April, with a mean temperature of 24.7 °C (76.5 °F) and a relatively cool dry winter from June to September with a mean temperature of 20.4 °C (68.7 °F). The temperature difference between the seasons is only 4.3<span class="nowrap"> </span>°C (7.7<span class="nowrap"> </span>°F). The warmest months are January and February with average day maximum temperature reaching 29.2 °C (84.6 °F) and the coolest months are July and August with average overnight minimum temperatures of 16.4 °C (61.5 °F). Annual rainfall ranges from 900 mm (35 in) on the coast to 1,500 mm (59 in) on the central plateau. Although there is no marked rainy season, most of the rainfall occurs in the summer months. Sea temperature in the lagoon varies from 22–27 °C (72–81 °F). The central plateau is much cooler than the surrounding <a href="/wiki/Coastal" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastal">coastal</a> areas and can experience as much as twice the rainfall. The prevailing trade winds keep the east side of the island cooler and bring more rain. Occasional <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclones" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical cyclones">tropical cyclones</a> generally occur between January and March and tend to disrupt the weather for about three days, bringing heavy rain.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Pravind_Jugnauth" title="Pravind Jugnauth">Pravind Jugnauth</a> declared an environmental state of emergency after the 25 July <a href="/wiki/2020_in_East_Africa" title="2020 in East Africa">2020</a> <a href="/wiki/MV_Wakashio_oil_spill" title="MV Wakashio oil spill"><i>MV Wakashio</i> oil spill</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> France sent aircraft and specialists from <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace">Greenpeace</a> said that the leak threatened the survival of thousands of species, who are at "risk of drowning in a sea of pollution".<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biodiversity">Biodiversity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Biodiversity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Mauritius" title="Wildlife of Mauritius">Wildlife of Mauritius</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dronte_dodo_Raphus_cucullatus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Dronte_dodo_Raphus_cucullatus.jpg/180px-Dronte_dodo_Raphus_cucullatus.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Dronte_dodo_Raphus_cucullatus.jpg/270px-Dronte_dodo_Raphus_cucullatus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Dronte_dodo_Raphus_cucullatus.jpg/360px-Dronte_dodo_Raphus_cucullatus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2096" data-file-height="2240" /></a><figcaption>Mauritius was the only known habitat of the extinct <a href="/wiki/Dodo" title="Dodo">dodo</a>, a flightless bird.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phelsuma_ornata_-_journal.pbio.1001382.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Phelsuma_ornata_-_journal.pbio.1001382.png/220px-Phelsuma_ornata_-_journal.pbio.1001382.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Phelsuma_ornata_-_journal.pbio.1001382.png/330px-Phelsuma_ornata_-_journal.pbio.1001382.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Phelsuma_ornata_-_journal.pbio.1001382.png/440px-Phelsuma_ornata_-_journal.pbio.1001382.png 2x" data-file-width="1298" data-file-height="974" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mauritius_ornate_day_gecko" title="Mauritius ornate day gecko">Mauritius ornate day gecko</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The country is home to some of the world's rarest plants and animals, but human habitation and the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Non-native_species" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-native species">non-native species</a> have threatened its indigenous flora and fauna.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_136-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to its volcanic origin, age, isolation, and unique terrain, Mauritius is home to a diversity of flora and fauna not usually found in such a small area. Before the Portuguese arrival in 1507, there were no terrestrial mammals on the island. This allowed the evolution of a number of flightless birds and large reptile species. The arrival of humans saw the introduction of invasive alien species, the rapid destruction of habitat and the loss of much of the endemic flora and fauna. In particular, the <a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">extinction</a> of the flightless <a href="/wiki/Dodo" title="Dodo">dodo</a> bird, a species unique to Mauritius, has become a representative example of human-driven extinction.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dodo is prominently featured as a (heraldic) <a href="/wiki/Supporter" title="Supporter">supporter</a> of the national <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Mauritius" title="Coat of arms of Mauritius">coat of arms of Mauritius</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Less than 2% of the <a href="/wiki/Forest" title="Forest">native forest</a> now remains, concentrated in the <a href="/wiki/Black_River_Gorges_National_Park" title="Black River Gorges National Park">Black River Gorges National Park</a> in the south-west, the Bambous Mountain Range in the south-east, and the Moka-Port Louis Ranges in the north-west. There are some isolated mountains, <a href="/wiki/Corps_de_Garde" title="Corps de Garde">Corps de Garde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Le_Morne_Brabant" title="Le Morne Brabant">Le Morne Brabant</a>, and several <a href="/wiki/Islets_of_Mauritius" title="Islets of Mauritius">offshore islands</a>, with remnants of coastal and mainland diversity. Over 100 species of plants and animals have become extinct and many more are threatened. Conservation activities began in the 1980s with the implementation of programmes for the reproduction of threatened bird and plant species as well as habitat restoration in the national parks and nature reserves.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, the Ministry of Environment & Sustainable Development issued the "Mauritius Environment Outlook Report," which recommended that St Brandon be declared a <a href="/wiki/Marine_protected_area" title="Marine protected area">Marine protected area</a>. In the President's Report of the <a href="/wiki/Mauritian_Wildlife_Foundation" title="Mauritian Wildlife Foundation">Mauritian Wildlife Foundation</a> dated March 2016, St Brandon is declared an official MWF project to promote the conservation of the atoll.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Mauritian_flying_fox" title="Mauritian flying fox">Mauritian flying fox</a> is the only remaining mammal endemic to the island,and has been severely threatened in recent years due to the government sanctioned culling introduced in November 2015 due to the belief that they were a threat to fruit plantations. Prior to 2015 the lack of severe cyclone had seen the fruit bat population increase and the status of the species was then changed by the <a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature" title="International Union for Conservation of Nature">IUCN</a> from Endangered to Vulnerable in 2014. October 2018, saw the authorisation of the cull of 20% of the fruit bat population, amounting to 13,000 of the estimated 65,000 fruit bats remaining, although their status had already reverted to Endangered due to the previous years' culls.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Government and politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Mauritius" title="Politics of Mauritius">Politics of Mauritius</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Government_House_Port_Louis.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Government_House_Port_Louis.JPG/220px-Government_House_Port_Louis.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Government_House_Port_Louis.JPG/330px-Government_House_Port_Louis.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Government_House_Port_Louis.JPG/440px-Government_House_Port_Louis.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2567" data-file-height="1615" /></a><figcaption>Government House, Port Louis</figcaption></figure> <p>The politics of Mauritius take place in a framework of a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary</a> <a href="/wiki/Representative_democracy" title="Representative democracy">representative democratic</a> republic, in which the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Mauritius" title="President of Mauritius">President</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Mauritius" title="Prime Minister of Mauritius">Prime Minister</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a>, assisted by a <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Ministers_of_Mauritius" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of Ministers of Mauritius">Council of Ministers</a>. Mauritius has a <a href="/wiki/Multi-party_system" title="Multi-party system">multi-party system</a>. <a href="/wiki/Executive_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive power">Executive power</a> is exercised by the Government. <a href="/wiki/Legislative_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative power">Legislative power</a> is vested in both the Government and the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Mauritius" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of Mauritius">National Assembly</a>. </p><p>The National Assembly is Mauritius's <a href="/wiki/Unicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicameral">unicameral</a> legislature, which was called the Legislative Assembly until 1992, when the country became a republic. It consists of 70 members, 62 elected for four-year terms in multi-member <a href="/wiki/Constituency" class="mw-redirect" title="Constituency">constituencies</a> and eight additional members, known as "best losers", appointed by the Electoral Service Commission to ensure that ethnic and religious minorities are equitably represented. The UN Human Rights Committee (UNHRC), which monitors member states' compliance with the International Covenant on Political and Civil Rights (ICPCR), has criticised the country's Best Loser System following a complaint by a local youth and trade union movement.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The president is elected for a five-year term by the Parliament. </p><p>The island of Mauritius is divided into <a href="/wiki/Constituencies_of_Mauritius" title="Constituencies of Mauritius">20 constituencies</a> that return three members each. The island of Rodrigues is a single district that returns two members. </p><p>After a general election, the Electoral Supervisory Commission may nominate up to eight additional members with a view to correct any imbalance in the representation of ethnic minorities in Parliament. This system of nominating members is commonly called the <a href="/wiki/Best_loser_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Best loser system">best loser system</a>. </p><p>The political party or party alliance that wins the majority of seats in Parliament forms the government. Its leader becomes the Prime Minister, who selects the Cabinet from elected members of the Assembly, except for the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Attorney_General_of_Mauritius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Attorney General of Mauritius (page does not exist)">Attorney General of Mauritius</a>, who may not be an elected member of the Assembly. The political party or alliance which has the second largest group of representatives forms the Official Opposition and its leader is normally nominated by the President of the Republic as the Leader of the Opposition. The Assembly elects a Speaker, a Deputy Speaker and a Deputy Chairman of Committees as some of its first tasks. </p><p>Mauritius is a democracy with a government elected every five years. The most recent National Assembly Election was held on 7 November 2019 in all the 20 mainland constituencies, and in the constituency covering the island of Rodrigues. Elections have tended to be a contest between two major coalitions of parties. </p><p>The 2018 <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Index_of_African_Governance" title="Ibrahim Index of African Governance">Ibrahim Index of African Governance</a> ranked Mauritius first in good governance.<sup id="cite_ref-Ibrahim_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ibrahim-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the 2017 <a href="/wiki/Democracy_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Democracy Index">Democracy Index</a> compiled by the <a href="/wiki/Economist_Intelligence_Unit" title="Economist Intelligence Unit">Economist Intelligence Unit</a> that measures the state of democracy in 167 countries, Mauritius ranks 16th worldwide and is the only African-related country with "full democracy".<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/V-Dem_Institute#Democracy_Report" title="V-Dem Institute">V-Dem Democracy Report</a> described 2024 Mauritius as the 18th most electoral <a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_Africa" title="Democracy in Africa">democratic country in Africa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Democratic_backsliding" title="Democratic backsliding">autocratizing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-n001_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n001-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Office held</th> <th>Office holder</th> <th>Incumbency<sup id="cite_ref-foreign_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foreign-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/President_of_Mauritius" title="President of Mauritius">President</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prithvirajsing_Roopun" title="Prithvirajsing Roopun">Prithvirajsing Roopun</a></td> <td>2 December 2019<sup id="cite_ref-president.govmu.org_159-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-president.govmu.org-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Mauritius" title="Prime Minister of Mauritius">Prime Minister</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Navin_Ramgoolam" title="Navin Ramgoolam">Navin Ramgoolam</a></td> <td>12 November 2024 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Mauritius" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice President of Mauritius">Vice President</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Boiss%C3%A9zon" title="Eddy Boissézon">Eddy Boissézon</a></td> <td>2 December 2019<sup id="cite_ref-president.govmu.org_159-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-president.govmu.org-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Mauritius" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Mauritius">Deputy Prime Minister</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louis_Steven_Obeegadoo" title="Louis Steven Obeegadoo">Louis Steven Obeegadoo</a></td> <td>25 June 2020 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Mauritius" title="Supreme Court of Mauritius">Chief Justice</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Mauritius" title="Supreme Court of Mauritius">Rehana Mungly-Gulbul</a></td> <td>18 November 2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Speakers_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Mauritius" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Speakers of the National Assembly of Mauritius">Speaker of the National Assembly</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Adrien_Charles_Duval" class="mw-redirect" title="Adrien Charles Duval">Adrien Charles Duval</a></td> <td>18 July 2024 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Mauritius)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Mauritius)">Leader of the Opposition</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Lesjongard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joe Lesjongard (page does not exist)">Joe Lesjongard</a></td> <td>15 November 2024 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_subdivisions">Administrative subdivisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Administrative subdivisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Outer_Islands_of_Mauritius" title="Outer Islands of Mauritius">Outer Islands of Mauritius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Mauritius" title="Districts of Mauritius">Districts of Mauritius</a></div> <div role="img" class="floatright noresize" style="width: 450px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mauritius_districts_blank.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Mauritius_districts_blank.svg/450px-Mauritius_districts_blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="518" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Mauritius_districts_blank.svg/675px-Mauritius_districts_blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Mauritius_districts_blank.svg/900px-Mauritius_districts_blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="653" /></a></span> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:154px; top:452px"><b><a href="/wiki/Savanne_District" title="Savanne District">Savanne</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:344px; top:232px"><b><a href="/wiki/Flacq_District" title="Flacq District">Flacq</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:82px; top:292px"><b><a href="/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8re_Noire_District" title="Rivière Noire District">Rivière<br />Noire</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:162px; top:176px"><b><a href="/wiki/Port_Louis_District" title="Port Louis District">Port Louis</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:282px; top:72px"><b><a href="/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8re_du_Rempart_District" title="Rivière du Rempart District">Rivière<br />du<br />Rempart</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:190px; top:108px"><b><a href="/wiki/Pamplemousses_District" title="Pamplemousses District">Pamplemousses</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:150px; top:292px"><b><a href="/wiki/Plaines_Wilhems_District" title="Plaines Wilhems District">Plaines<br />Wilhems</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:258px; top:392px"><b><a href="/wiki/Grand_Port_District" title="Grand Port District">Grand Port</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:226px; top:252px"><b><a href="/wiki/Moka_District" title="Moka District">Moka</a></b></div> </div> <p>Mauritius has a single first-order administrative division, the <a href="/wiki/Outer_Islands_of_Mauritius" title="Outer Islands of Mauritius">Outer Islands of Mauritius</a> (French: <i lang="fr">Îles éparses de Maurice</i>), which consists of the islands of Mauritius and several outlying islands.<sup id="cite_ref-gu_160-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gu-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following are the island-groups in Mauritius: </p> <ul><li>Island of Mauritius</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodrigues" title="Rodrigues">Rodrigues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Brandon" title="St. Brandon">Saint Brandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agal%C3%A9ga" title="Agaléga">Agaléga</a></li></ul> <p>The island of Mauritius is subdivided into <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Mauritius" title="Districts of Mauritius">nine districts</a>, which are the country's second-order administrative divisions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Military"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Mauritius" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Mauritius">Military of Mauritius</a></div> <p>All military, police, and security functions in Mauritius are carried out by 10,000 active-duty personnel under the Commissioner of Police. The 8,000-member National Police Force is responsible for domestic law enforcement. The 1,400-member <a href="/wiki/Special_Mobile_Force" title="Special Mobile Force">Special Mobile Force</a> (SMF) and the 688-member National Coast Guard are the only two paramilitary units in Mauritius. Both units are composed of police officers on lengthy rotations to those services. Mauritius has also a special operations military known as 'GIPM' that would intervene in any terrorist attack or high risk operations.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Foreign relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Mauritius" title="Foreign relations of Mauritius">Foreign relations of Mauritius</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Prime_Minister,_Shri_Narendra_Modi_meeting_the_Prime_Minister_of_Mauritius,_Mr._Pravind_Jugnauth,_on_the_sidelines_of_CHOGM_2018,_in_London_on_April_19,_2018_(2).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_meeting_the_Prime_Minister_of_Mauritius%2C_Mr._Pravind_Jugnauth%2C_on_the_sidelines_of_CHOGM_2018%2C_in_London_on_April_19%2C_2018_%282%29.JPG/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_meeting_the_Prime_Minister_of_Mauritius%2C_Mr._Pravind_Jugnauth%2C_on_the_sidelines_of_CHOGM_2018%2C_in_London_on_April_19%2C_2018_%282%29.JPG/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_meeting_the_Prime_Minister_of_Mauritius%2C_Mr._Pravind_Jugnauth%2C_on_the_sidelines_of_CHOGM_2018%2C_in_London_on_April_19%2C_2018_%282%29.JPG/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1418" data-file-height="776" /></a><figcaption>Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Pravind_Jugnauth" title="Pravind Jugnauth">Pravind Jugnauth</a> with Indian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a>, 19 April 2018</figcaption></figure> <p>Mauritius has strong and friendly relations with various African, American, Asian, European and Oceanic countries. Considered part of Africa geographically, Mauritius has friendly relations with African states in the region, particularly <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, by far its largest continental trading partner. Mauritian investors are gradually entering African markets, notably Madagascar, Mozambique and Zimbabwe. The country's political heritage and dependence on Western markets have led to close ties with the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and its member states, particularly France. Relations with India are very strong for both historical and commercial reasons. Mauritius established diplomatic relations with China in April 1972 and was forced to defend this decision, along with naval contracts with the USSR in the same year. It has also been extending its Middle East outreach with the setting up of an embassy in Saudi Arabia<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whose Ambassador also doubles as the country's ambassador to Bahrain.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mauritius is a member of the United Nations, the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a>, the <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Francophonie" class="mw-redirect" title="La Francophonie">La Francophonie</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa_Development_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Africa Development Community">Southern Africa Development Community</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_Commission" title="Indian Ocean Commission">Indian Ocean Commission</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Common_Market_for_Eastern_and_Southern_Africa" title="Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa">Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_Rim_Association" title="Indian Ocean Rim Association">Indian Ocean Rim Association</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal_system">Legal system</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Legal system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mauritius has a hybrid legal system derived from <a href="/wiki/British_common_law" class="mw-redirect" title="British common law">English common law</a> and the <a href="/wiki/French_civil_law" class="mw-redirect" title="French civil law">French civil law</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Mauritius" title="Constitution of Mauritius">Constitution of Mauritius</a> established the <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers" title="Separation of powers">separation of powers</a> between the legislature, the executive and the <a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">judiciary</a> and guaranteed the protection of the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual. Mauritius has a single-structured judicial system consisting of two tiers, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Mauritius" title="Supreme Court of Mauritius">Supreme Court</a> and subordinate courts. The Supreme Court is composed of various divisions exercising jurisdiction such as the Master's Court, the Family Division, the Commercial Division (Bankruptcy), the Criminal Division, the Mediation Division, the Court of First Instance in civil and criminal proceedings, the Appellate jurisdiction: the Court of Civil Appeal and the Court of Criminal Appeal. Subordinate courts consist of the Intermediate Court, the Industrial Court, the District Courts, the Bail and Remand Court and the Court of Rodrigues. The <a href="/wiki/Judicial_Committee_of_the_Privy_Council" title="Judicial Committee of the Privy Council">Judicial Committee of the Privy Council</a> is the final court of appeal of Mauritius. After the independence of Mauritius in 1968, Mauritius maintained the Privy Council as its highest court of appeal. Appeals to the Judicial Committee from decisions of the Court of Appeal or the Supreme Court may be as of right or with the leave of the Court, as set out in section 81 of the Constitution and section 70A of the Courts Act. The Judicial Committee may also grant special leave to appeal from the decision of any court in any civil or criminal matter as per section 81(5) of the Constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-Constitution_164-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Constitution-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Mauritius" title="Demographics of Mauritius">Demographics of Mauritius</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mauritius_single_age_population_pyramid_2020.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Mauritius_single_age_population_pyramid_2020.png/220px-Mauritius_single_age_population_pyramid_2020.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Mauritius_single_age_population_pyramid_2020.png/330px-Mauritius_single_age_population_pyramid_2020.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Mauritius_single_age_population_pyramid_2020.png/440px-Mauritius_single_age_population_pyramid_2020.png 2x" data-file-width="2212" data-file-height="1777" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Population_pyramid" title="Population pyramid">Population pyramid</a> (2020)</figcaption></figure> <p>Mauritius had a population of 1,235,260 (608,090 males, 627,170 females) according to the final results of the 2022 Census. The population on the island of Mauritius was 1,191,280 (586,590 males and 604,690 females), and that of <a href="/wiki/Rodrigues" title="Rodrigues">Rodrigues</a> island was 43,650 (21,330 males and 22,320 females); Agalega island total population of 330 (170 males and 160 females).<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto2_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mauritius has the second highest <a href="/wiki/List_of_African_countries_by_population_density" title="List of African countries by population density">population density</a> in Africa. According to the 2022 census, the average age of the population was 38 years.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto2_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2022 Census indicated that: The proportion of children aged below 15 years went down from 20.7% in 2011 to 15.4% in 2022; The share of persons aged 60 years and over has risen from 12.7% in 2011 to 18.7% in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequent to a Constitutional amendment in 1982, the census does not compile data on ethnic identities anymore but still does on religious affiliation. The 1972 census was the last one to measure ethnicity.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mauritius is a <a href="/wiki/Multiracial" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiracial">multiethnic</a> society, drawn from <a href="/wiki/Mauritians_of_Indian_origin" title="Mauritians of Indian origin">Indian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritian_Creoles" title="Mauritian Creoles">African</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritians_of_Chinese_origin" title="Mauritians of Chinese origin">Chinese</a> and European (mostly <a href="/wiki/Mauritians_of_French_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauritians of French origin">French</a>) origin. </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Mauritius" title="Constitution of Mauritius">Constitution of Mauritius</a>, there are 4 distinct communities on the island for the purposes of representation in the National Assembly. Schedule I, Paragraph 3(4) of the Constitution states that <i>The population of Mauritius shall be regarded as including a Hindu community, a Muslim community, and a Sino-Mauritian community, and every person who does not appear, from his way of life, to belong to one or other of those three communities shall be regarded as belonging to the General Population, which shall itself be regarded as a fourth community.</i><sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus each ethnic group in Mauritius falls within one of the four main communities known as <a href="/wiki/Mauritians_of_Indian_origin" title="Mauritians of Indian origin">Hindus</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Population_(Mauritius)" title="General Population (Mauritius)">General Population</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Mauritius" title="Islam in Mauritius">Muslims</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mauritian_of_Chinese_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauritian of Chinese origin">Sino-Mauritians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As per the above constitutional provision, the 1972 ethnic statistics are used to implement the <a href="/wiki/Best_Loser_System" title="Best Loser System">Best Loser System</a>, the method used in Mauritius since the 1950s to guarantee ethnic representation across the entire electorate in the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Mauritius)" title="National Assembly (Mauritius)">National Assembly</a> without organising the representation wholly by ethnicity.<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:DarkRed; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 1638.7405426814px; border-left-color:Gold"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Gold"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Gold"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 991.36510217697px; border-left-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 33.607092695522px; border-left-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 742.73990813088px 100px 0; border-right-color:DarkOrange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:DarkOrange"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Religion in Mauritius (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-2011_Census_Religion_171-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011_Census_Religion-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DarkOrange; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> (47.87%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DodgerBlue; color:black;"> </span> Christianity (32.29%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Green; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (18.24%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Gold; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">No Religion</a> (0.63%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DarkRed; color:white;"> </span> Other/Not stated (0.97%)</div> </div> </div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maurice_religions_2011.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Maurice_religions_2011.png/330px-Maurice_religions_2011.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Maurice_religions_2011.png/495px-Maurice_religions_2011.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Maurice_religions_2011.png/660px-Maurice_religions_2011.png 2x" data-file-width="7927" data-file-height="6200" /></a><figcaption>Geographical distribution by religion (2011)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mauritius" title="Religion in Mauritius">Religion in Mauritius</a></div> <p>According to the 2022 census conducted by <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Mauritius" title="Statistics Mauritius">Statistics Mauritius</a>, 47.87% of the Mauritian population follows <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, followed by Christianity (32.29%), out of which 24.94% are <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Mauritius" title="Catholic Church in Mauritius">Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (18.24%) out of which 1.21% are <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladeshi nationals</a><sup id="cite_ref-auto3_172-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other religions (0.86%) (including <a href="/wiki/Chinese_ethnic_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese ethnic religion">Chinese ethnic religions</a>). 0.63% reported themselves as <a href="/wiki/Irreligiosity" class="mw-redirect" title="Irreligiosity">non-religious</a> and 0.11% did not answer.<sup id="cite_ref-2011_Census_Religion_171-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011_Census_Religion-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The constitution prohibits discrimination on religious grounds and provides for freedom to practice, change one's religion or not have any. The <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Mauritius" title="Catholic Church in Mauritius">Roman Catholic Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Province_of_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Church of the Province of the Indian Ocean">Church of England</a>, <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_Mauritius" title="Presbyterian Church of Mauritius">Presbyterian Church of Mauritius</a>, Seventh-day Adventists, Hindu Temples Associations and Muslim Mosques Organisations enjoy tax-exemptions and are allocated financial support based on their respective share of the population. Other religious groups can register and be tax-exempt but receive no financial support.<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Public holidays of religious origins are the Hindu festivals of <a href="/wiki/Maha_Shivaratri" title="Maha Shivaratri">Maha Shivaratri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ugadi" title="Ugadi">Ougadi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thaipusam" title="Thaipusam">Thaipoosam Cavadee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ganesh_Chaturthi" title="Ganesh Chaturthi">Ganesh Chaturthi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a>; the Christian festivals of <a href="/wiki/All_Saints_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="All Saints Day">All Saints Day</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a>; and the Muslim festival of <a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr" title="Eid al-Fitr">Eid al-Fitr</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state actively participates in their organisation with special committees presiding over the pilgrimage to <a href="/wiki/Ganga_Talao" title="Ganga Talao">Ganga Talao</a> for <a href="/wiki/Maha_Shivaratri" title="Maha Shivaratri">Maha Shivaratri</a> and the annual Catholic Procession to <a href="/wiki/Jacques-D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9_Laval" title="Jacques-Désiré Laval">Jacques-Désiré Laval</a>'s resting place at <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Croix,_Mauritius" title="Sainte-Croix, Mauritius">Sainte-Croix</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Mauritius" title="Languages of Mauritius">Languages of Mauritius</a></div> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Home languages in Mauritius as of 2022 Census<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Languages</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">percent</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_Creole" title="Mauritian Creole">Creole</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Blue; width:90.0%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">90.0%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_language" title="Bhojpuri language">Bhojpuri</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:red; width:5.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">5.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:orange; width:4.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">4.4%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:black; width:0.6%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.6%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Mauritius" title="Constitution of Mauritius">Mauritian constitution</a> makes no mention of an <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official language</a>. It only mentions that the official language of the National Assembly is <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>; however, any member can also address the chair in <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-language_176-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-language-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> English and French are generally considered to be de facto national and common languages of Mauritius, as they are the languages of government administration, courts, and business.<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The constitution of Mauritius is written in English, while some laws, such as the <a href="/wiki/Civil_code" title="Civil code">Civil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Criminal_code" title="Criminal code">Criminal codes</a>, are in French. The Mauritian currency features the <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a> scripts. </p><p>The Mauritian population is <a href="/wiki/Multilingual" class="mw-redirect" title="Multilingual">multilingual</a>; while <a href="/wiki/Mauritian_Creole" title="Mauritian Creole">Mauritian Creole</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Mother_tongue" class="mw-redirect" title="Mother tongue">mother tongue</a> of most Mauritians, most people are also fluent in English and French; they tend to switch languages according to the situation.<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> French and English are favoured in educational and professional settings, while Asian languages are used mainly in music, religious and cultural activities. The media and literature are primarily in French. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Mauritian_Creole_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauritian Creole language">Mauritian Creole language</a>, which is <a href="/wiki/French-based_creole_languages" title="French-based creole languages">French-based</a> with some additional influences, is spoken by the majority of the population as a native language.<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Creole languages which are spoken in different islands of the country are more or less similar: <a href="/wiki/Mauritian_Creole" title="Mauritian Creole">Mauritian Creole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rodriguan_creole" title="Rodriguan creole">Rodriguan creole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agalega_creole" title="Agalega creole">Agalega creole</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chagossian_creole" title="Chagossian creole">Chagossian creole</a> are spoken by people from the islands of Mauritius, <a href="/wiki/Rodrigues" title="Rodrigues">Rodrigues</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agal%C3%A9ga" title="Agaléga">Agaléga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chagos" class="mw-redirect" title="Chagos">Chagos</a>. The following ancestral languages, also spoken in Mauritius, have received official recognition by acts of parliament:<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_language" title="Bhojpuri language">Bhojpuri</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-chinese_act_182-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chinese_act-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Hindi_act_183-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hindi_act-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-marathi_act_184-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marathi_act-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-sanskrit_act_185-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sanskrit_act-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-tamil_act_186-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tamil_act-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a><sup id="cite_ref-telegu_act_187-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegu_act-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-urdu_act_188-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urdu_act-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_language" title="Bhojpuri language">Bhojpuri</a>, once widely spoken as a mother tongue, has become less commonly spoken over the years. According to the 2022 census, Bhojpuri was spoken by 5.1% of the population compared to 12.1% in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2011census_189-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011census-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>School students must learn English and French; they may also opt for an Asian language or Mauritian Creole. The medium of instruction varies from school to school but is usually English for public and government subsidised private schools and mainly French for paid private ones. <a href="/wiki/GCE_Ordinary_Level" title="GCE Ordinary Level">O-Level</a> and <a href="/wiki/A-Level" class="mw-redirect" title="A-Level">A-Level</a> Exams are organised in public and government subsidised private schools in English by <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Assessment_International_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge Assessment International Education">Cambridge International Examinations</a> while paid private schools mostly follow the <a href="/wiki/Baccalaur%C3%A9at" title="Baccalauréat">French Baccalaureate</a> model. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Mauritius" title="Education in Mauritius">Education in Mauritius</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">education</a> system in Mauritius consists of pre-primary, primary, secondary and tertiary sectors. The education structure consists of two to three years of pre-primary school, six years of primary schooling leading to the Primary School Achievement Certificate, five years of secondary education leading to the School Certificate, and two years of higher secondary ending with the Higher School Certificate. <b>Secondary schools</b> have "<a href="/wiki/College" title="College">college</a>" as part of their title. The government of Mauritius provides <a href="/wiki/Free_education" title="Free education">free education</a> to its citizens from pre-primary to tertiary level. In 2013 government expenditure on education was estimated at ₨ 13,584 million, representing 13% of total expenditure.<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of January 2017, the government has introduced changes to the education system with the Nine-Year Continuous Basic Education programme, which abolished the Certificate of Primary Education (CPE).<sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/O-Level" class="mw-redirect" title="O-Level">O-Level</a> and <a href="/wiki/A-Level" class="mw-redirect" title="A-Level">A-Level</a> examinations are carried out by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> through <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge_International_Examinations" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Cambridge International Examinations">University of Cambridge International Examinations</a> in collaboration with the <a href="/wiki/Mauritius_Examinations_Syndicate" title="Mauritius Examinations Syndicate">MES</a>. The tertiary education sector includes universities and other technical institutions in Mauritius. The two main public universities are the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Mauritius" title="University of Mauritius">University of Mauritius</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Technology,_Mauritius" title="University of Technology, Mauritius">University of Technology</a>, in addition to the Université des Mascareignes, founded in 2012, and the Open University Mauritius. These four public universities and several other technical institutes and higher education colleges are tuition-free for students as of 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The adult <a href="/wiki/Literacy_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Literacy rate">literacy rate</a> was at 91.9% in 2022 with 8.8% of the total population holding a <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">tertiary level qualification</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto2_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mauritius was ranked 55th in the <a href="/wiki/Global_Innovation_Index" title="Global Innovation Index">Global Innovation Index</a> in 2024, 1st in Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Mauritius" title="Economy of Mauritius">Economy of Mauritius</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_rankings_of_Mauritius" title="International rankings of Mauritius">International rankings of Mauritius</a></div> <p>Mauritius is often described as Africa's most developed country.<sup id="cite_ref-HDI_194-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDI-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since independence from Britain in 1968, Mauritius has developed from a low-income, agriculture-based economy to a <a href="/wiki/World_Bank_high-income_economy" title="World Bank high-income economy">high-income</a> diversified economy, based on <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Mauritius" title="Tourism in Mauritius">tourism</a>, textiles, sugar, and financial services. The economic history of Mauritius since independence has been called "the Mauritian Miracle" and the "success of Africa" (Romer, 1992; Frankel, 2010; Stiglitz, 2011).<sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In recent years, information and communication technology, seafood, hospitality and property development, healthcare, renewable energy, and <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Mauritius" title="Education in Mauritius">education</a> and training have emerged as important sectors, attracting substantial investment from both local and foreign investors.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mauritius has no exploitable fossil fuel reserves and so relies on petroleum products to meet most of its energy requirements. Local and renewable energy sources are biomass, hydro, solar and wind energy.<sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mauritius has one of the largest <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone" title="Exclusive economic zone">exclusive economic zones</a> in the world, and in 2012 the government announced its intention to develop the marine economy.<sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mauritius is ranked high in terms of economic competitiveness, a friendly investment climate, good governance and a free economy.<sup id="cite_ref-heritage_foundation_199-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heritage_foundation-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-State.gov_200-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-State.gov-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Doing_business_201-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doing_business-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Gross Domestic Product (PPP) was estimated at US$29.187 billion in 2018, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">GDP (PPP) per capita</a> was over US$22,909, the second highest in Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-heritage_foundation_199-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heritage_foundation-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-State.gov_200-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-State.gov-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Doing_business_201-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doing_business-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mauritius has a <a href="/wiki/World_Bank_high-income_economy" title="World Bank high-income economy">high-income economy</a>, according to the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-WB_GROUP_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WB_GROUP-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The World Bank's 2019 <a href="/wiki/Ease_of_Doing_Business_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Ease of Doing Business Index">Ease of Doing Business Index</a> ranks Mauritius 13th worldwide out of 190 economies in terms of ease of doing business. According to the Mauritian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the country's challenges are heavy reliance on a few industry sectors, high brain drain, scarcity of skilled labour, ageing population and inefficient public companies and para-statal bodies.<sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mauritius has built its success on a free market economy. According to the 2019 <a href="/wiki/Economic_Freedom_of_the_World" title="Economic Freedom of the World">Economic Freedom of the World</a> report, Mauritius is ranked as having the 9th most free economy in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Financial_services">Financial services</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Financial services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mauritius_port_louis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Mauritius_port_louis.jpg/220px-Mauritius_port_louis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Mauritius_port_louis.jpg/330px-Mauritius_port_louis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Mauritius_port_louis.jpg/440px-Mauritius_port_louis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5272" data-file-height="3948" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Port-Louis" class="mw-redirect" title="Port-Louis">Port-Louis</a>, the capital of Mauritius</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Financial_Services_Commission_(Mauritius)" title="Financial Services Commission (Mauritius)">Financial Services Commission</a>, financial and insurance activities contributed to 11.1% of the country's GDP in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the years, Mauritius has been positioning itself as the preferred hub for investment into Africa due its strategic location between Asia and Africa, hybrid regulatory framework, ease of doing business, investment protection treaties, non-double taxation treaties, highly qualified and multilingual workforce, political stability, low crime rate coupled with modern infrastructure and connectivity. It is home to a number of international banks, legal firms, corporate services, investment funds and private equity funds. Financial products and services include private banking, global business, insurance and reinsurance, limited companies, protected cell companies, trust and foundation, investment banking, global headquarter administration.<sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Corporate tax rate ranges from 15% to 17% and individual tax rate ranges from 10% to 25%.<sup id="cite_ref-taxindividual_207-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taxindividual-207"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-corporate_tax_208-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-corporate_tax-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the country also offers incentives such as tax holidays and exemptions in some specific sectors to boost its competitiveness, the country is often tagged as a tax haven by the press due to individuals and companies who engaged in abusive practices in its financial sector.<sup id="cite_ref-icij_209-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icij-209"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The country has built up a solid reputation by making use of best practices and adopting a strong legal and regulatory framework to demonstrate its compliance with international demands for greater transparency.<sup id="cite_ref-lexpress_210-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lexpress-210"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2015, Mauritius adhered to the multilateral <a href="/wiki/Convention_on_Mutual_Administrative_Assistance_in_Tax_Matters" title="Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters">Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters</a>, and has an exchange information mechanism with 127 jurisdictions. Mauritius is a founding member of the Eastern and Southern Africa Anti Money Laundering Group and has been at the forefront in the fight against money laundering and other forms of financial crime. The country has adopted exchange of information on an automatic basis under the <a href="/wiki/Common_Reporting_Standard" title="Common Reporting Standard">Common Reporting Standard</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Accounts_Tax_Compliance_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Accounts Tax Compliance Act">Foreign Accounts Tax Compliance Act</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-govt5_211-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-govt5-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Mauritius" title="Tourism in Mauritius">Tourism in Mauritius</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fine_sand_at_Le_Morne_Beach_in_Mauritius_(53697781831).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Fine_sand_at_Le_Morne_Beach_in_Mauritius_%2853697781831%29.jpg/220px-Fine_sand_at_Le_Morne_Beach_in_Mauritius_%2853697781831%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Fine_sand_at_Le_Morne_Beach_in_Mauritius_%2853697781831%29.jpg/330px-Fine_sand_at_Le_Morne_Beach_in_Mauritius_%2853697781831%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Fine_sand_at_Le_Morne_Beach_in_Mauritius_%2853697781831%29.jpg/440px-Fine_sand_at_Le_Morne_Beach_in_Mauritius_%2853697781831%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5440" data-file-height="3624" /></a><figcaption>A tropical beach in <a href="/wiki/Le_Morne_Brabant" title="Le Morne Brabant">Le Morne</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Mauritius is a major tourist destination, and the tourism sector is one of the main pillars of the Mauritian economy. The island nation enjoys a tropical climate with clear warm sea waters, beaches, tropical fauna and flora, complemented by a multi-ethnic and cultural population.<sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-212"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The forecast of tourist arrivals for the year 2019 is maintained at 1,450,000, representing an increase of 3.6% over the figure of 1,399,408 in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-Tou_213-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tou-213"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mauritius currently has two <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage Sites">World Heritage Sites</a>, namely, <a href="/wiki/Aapravasi_Ghat" title="Aapravasi Ghat">Aapravasi Ghat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Le_Morne_Brabant" title="Le Morne Brabant">Le Morne Cultural Landscape</a>. Additionally, <a href="/wiki/Black_River_Gorges_National_Park" title="Black River Gorges National Park">Black River Gorges National Park</a> is currently in the UNESCO tentative list.<sup id="cite_ref-214" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport">Transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Mauritius" title="Transport in Mauritius">Transport in Mauritius</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Metro_Express_Mauritius.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Metro_Express_Mauritius.jpg/220px-Metro_Express_Mauritius.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Metro_Express_Mauritius.jpg/330px-Metro_Express_Mauritius.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Metro_Express_Mauritius.jpg/440px-Metro_Express_Mauritius.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2268" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/CAF_Urbos" title="CAF Urbos">Urbos 100–3</a> at Rose Hill Central Station</figcaption></figure> <p>Since 2005 public buses, and later trains, in Mauritius have been free of charge for students, people with disabilities, and senior citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-215" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Metro_Express_(Mauritius)" title="Metro Express (Mauritius)">Metro Express</a> railway currently links all five cities and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Mauritius" title="University of Mauritius">University of Mauritius</a> at <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9duit,_Moka" class="mw-redirect" title="Réduit, Moka">Réduit</a> with planned expansion to the east and south. Former privately owned industrial railways have been abandoned since the 1960s. The harbour of <a href="/wiki/Port_Louis" title="Port Louis">Port Louis</a> handles international trade as well as a cruise terminal. The <a href="/wiki/Sir_Seewoosagur_Ramgoolam_International_Airport" title="Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam International Airport">Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam International Airport</a>, the largest one in the Indian Ocean, is the main international airport and serves as the home operating base for the national airline <a href="/wiki/Air_Mauritius" title="Air Mauritius">Air Mauritius</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-216" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-216"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Sir_Ga%C3%ABtan_Duval_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Gaëtan Duval Airport">Plaine Corail Airport</a> operates from <a href="/wiki/Rodrigues" title="Rodrigues">Rodrigues</a> ensuring air link with the main island of Mauritius and international flights with <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Information_and_communications_technology_(ICT)"><span id="Information_and_communications_technology_.28ICT.29"></span>Information and communications technology (ICT)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Information and communications technology (ICT)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The information and communications technology (ICT) sector has contributed to 5.7% of its GDP in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-217"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additionally, the African Network Information Centre (<a href="/wiki/AFRINIC" title="AFRINIC">AFRINIC</a>) – the <a href="/wiki/Regional_Internet_registry" title="Regional Internet registry">regional Internet registry</a> for Africa – is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Ebene,_Mauritius" title="Ebene, Mauritius">Ebene</a>. </p><p>Mauritius is also connected to global Internet infrastructure via multiple optical fibre <a href="/wiki/Submarine_communications_cable" title="Submarine communications cable">submarine communications cables</a>, including the Lower Indian Ocean Network (<a href="/wiki/LION_(cable_system)" title="LION (cable system)">LION</a>) cable, the <a href="/wiki/Mauritius%E2%80%93Rodrigues_Submarine_Cable" title="Mauritius–Rodrigues Submarine Cable">Mauritius–Rodrigues Submarine Cable</a>, and the South Africa Far East (<a href="/wiki/SAFE_(cable_system)" title="SAFE (cable system)">SAFE</a>) cable. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Mauritius" title="Culture of Mauritius">Culture of Mauritius</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art">Art</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prominent Mauritian painters include <a href="/wiki/Henri_Le_Sidaner" title="Henri Le Sidaner">Henri Le Sidaner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_de_Chazal" title="Malcolm de Chazal">Malcolm de Chazal</a>, Raouf Oderuth and <a href="/wiki/Vaco_Baissac" title="Vaco Baissac">Vaco Baissac</a> while <a href="/wiki/Gabrielle_Wiehe" title="Gabrielle Wiehe">Gabrielle Wiehe</a> is a prominent illustrator and graphic designer.<sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-218"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Place_D%E2%80%99Armes,_Port_Louis,_Mauritius_1930s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Vintage Mauritius" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Place_D%E2%80%99Armes%2C_Port_Louis%2C_Mauritius_1930s.jpg/220px-Place_D%E2%80%99Armes%2C_Port_Louis%2C_Mauritius_1930s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Place_D%E2%80%99Armes%2C_Port_Louis%2C_Mauritius_1930s.jpg/330px-Place_D%E2%80%99Armes%2C_Port_Louis%2C_Mauritius_1930s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Place_D%E2%80%99Armes%2C_Port_Louis%2C_Mauritius_1930s.jpg/440px-Place_D%E2%80%99Armes%2C_Port_Louis%2C_Mauritius_1930s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3477" data-file-height="2238" /></a><figcaption> Historical Mauritius. A scene from the 1930s</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinatown,_Port_Louis,_Mauritius_1860s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Vintage years" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Chinatown%2C_Port_Louis%2C_Mauritius_1860s.jpg/220px-Chinatown%2C_Port_Louis%2C_Mauritius_1860s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Chinatown%2C_Port_Louis%2C_Mauritius_1860s.jpg/330px-Chinatown%2C_Port_Louis%2C_Mauritius_1860s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Chinatown%2C_Port_Louis%2C_Mauritius_1860s.jpg/440px-Chinatown%2C_Port_Louis%2C_Mauritius_1860s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1330" /></a><figcaption>Chinatown 1860s</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Ebene.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ebene City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b5/View_of_Ebene.jpg/220px-View_of_Ebene.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b5/View_of_Ebene.jpg/330px-View_of_Ebene.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b5/View_of_Ebene.jpg/440px-View_of_Ebene.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="734" /></a><figcaption>Ebene City</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Mauritius_%22Post_Office%22_stamps" title="Mauritius "Post Office" stamps">Mauritius "Post Office" stamps</a>, the first stamps produced outside Great Britain, among the rarest postage stamps in the world, are widely considered "the greatest item in all philately".<sup id="cite_ref-219" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-219"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>217<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The distinctive architecture of Mauritius reflects the island nation's history as a colonial trade base connecting Europe with the East. Styles and forms introduced by Dutch, French, and British settlers from the seventeenth century onward, mixed with influences from India and East Africa, resulted in a unique hybrid architecture of international historic, social, and artistic significance. Mauritian structures present a variety of designs, materials, and decorative elements that are unique to the country and inform the historical context of the Indian Ocean and European colonialism.<sup id="cite_ref-wmf.org_220-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wmf.org-220"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Decades of political, social, and economic change have resulted in the routine destruction of Mauritian architectural heritage. Between 1960 and 1980, the historic homes of the island's high grounds, known locally as campagnes, disappeared at alarming rates. More recent years have witnessed the demolition of plantations, residences, and civic buildings as they have been cleared or drastically renovated for new developments to serve an expanding tourism industry. The capital city of Port Louis remained relatively unchanged until the mid-1990s, yet now reflects the irreversible damage that has been inflicted on its built heritage. Rising land values are pitted against the cultural value of historical structures in Mauritius, while the prohibitive costs of maintenance and the steady decline in traditional building skills make it harder to invest in preservation.<sup id="cite_ref-wmf.org_220-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wmf.org-220"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The general populace historically lived in what are termed creole houses.<sup id="cite_ref-221" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-221"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mauritian_literature" title="Mauritian literature">Mauritian literature</a></div> <p>Mauritius is remembered in literature mostly for the novel <a href="/wiki/Paul_et_Virginie" title="Paul et Virginie">Paul et Virginie</a>, a classic of <a href="/wiki/French_literature" title="French literature">French literature</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Jacques-Henri_Bernardin_de_Saint-Pierre" title="Jacques-Henri Bernardin de Saint-Pierre">Bernardin de Saint-Pierre</a> and for <a href="/wiki/Dodo_(Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland)" title="Dodo (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)">Alice's Adventures in Wonderland's Dodo</a> </p><p><a href="/wiki/J._M._G._Le_Cl%C3%A9zio" title="J. M. G. Le Clézio">Jean-Marie Le Clézio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ananda_Devi" title="Ananda Devi">Ananda Devi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nathacha_Appanah" title="Nathacha Appanah">Nathacha Appanah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_de_Chazal" title="Malcolm de Chazal">Malcolm de Chazal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A9nie_Poujade" title="Eugénie Poujade">Eugénie Poujade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marie-Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Humbert" title="Marie-Thérèse Humbert">Marie-Thérèse Humbert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shenaz_Patel" title="Shenaz Patel">Shenaz Patel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khal_Torabully" title="Khal Torabully">Khal Torabully</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aqiil_Gopee" title="Aqiil Gopee">Aqiil Gopee</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South-African</a> born <a href="/wiki/Lindsey_Collen" title="Lindsey Collen">Lindsey Collen-Seegobin</a> writing in <a href="/wiki/English_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="English Language">English</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dev_Virahsawmy" title="Dev Virahsawmy">Dev Virahsawmy</a> writing mostly in <a href="/wiki/Mauritian_Creole" title="Mauritian Creole">Mauritian Creole</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abhimanyu_Unnuth" title="Abhimanyu Unnuth">Abhimanyu Unnuth</a> writing in <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> are some of the most prominent Mauritian writers. Le Clézio, who won the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_for_Literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Prize for Literature">Nobel Prize for Literature</a> in 2008, is of Mauritian heritage and holds dual French-Mauritian citizenship. The island plays host to the Le Prince Maurice Prize. In keeping with the island's literary culture the prize alternates on a yearly basis between English-speaking and French-speaking writers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Mauritius" title="Mass media in Mauritius">Mass media in Mauritius</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mauritius" title="Music of Mauritius">Music of Mauritius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sega_(genre)" title="Sega (genre)">Sega (genre)</a></div> <p>The major musical genres of Mauritius are <a href="/wiki/Sega_(genre)" title="Sega (genre)">Sega</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Fusion_genre" class="mw-redirect" title="Fusion genre">fusion genre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seggae" title="Seggae">Seggae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_language" title="Bhojpuri language">Bhojpuri</a> <a href="/wiki/Indian_folk_music" title="Indian folk music">folk songs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filmi" title="Filmi">Indian movie music</a> especially <a href="/wiki/Bollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="Bollywood">Bollywood</a>, and Classical music mainly <a href="/wiki/Western_classical_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Western classical music">Western classical music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_classical_music" title="Indian classical music">Indian classical music</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Mauritian_cuisine" title="Mauritian cuisine">Mauritian cuisine</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_cuisine" title="Mauritian cuisine">Mauritian cuisine</a> is a combination of Indian, Creole, French and Chinese, with many dishes unique to the island. Spices are also a major component of Mauritian cuisine. There is a local variant of Persian <a href="/wiki/Falooda" title="Falooda">falooda</a>, locally known as <i>alouda</i>, which is a cold beverage made with milk, basil seeds, and agar-agar jelly. Locally made French pastry and bread are sold in most localities. Popular hawker meals include a wrap called <i>dholl puri</i>, rice-based <a href="/wiki/Biryani" title="Biryani">biryani</a> and <i>gâteau piment</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-222" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-222"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 180.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 178.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Marmite_Mauricienne_(Flic-en-Flac)_-_beignets_de_poisson.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fish fritters"><img alt="Fish fritters" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/La_Marmite_Mauricienne_%28Flic-en-Flac%29_-_beignets_de_poisson.jpg/268px-La_Marmite_Mauricienne_%28Flic-en-Flac%29_-_beignets_de_poisson.jpg" decoding="async" width="179" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/La_Marmite_Mauricienne_%28Flic-en-Flac%29_-_beignets_de_poisson.jpg/403px-La_Marmite_Mauricienne_%28Flic-en-Flac%29_-_beignets_de_poisson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/La_Marmite_Mauricienne_%28Flic-en-Flac%29_-_beignets_de_poisson.jpg/536px-La_Marmite_Mauricienne_%28Flic-en-Flac%29_-_beignets_de_poisson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fish fritters</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 173.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 171.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Marmite_Mauricienne_(Flic-en-Flac)_-_chop_suey_crevettes_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chop suey shrimp"><img alt="Chop suey shrimp" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/La_Marmite_Mauricienne_%28Flic-en-Flac%29_-_chop_suey_crevettes_%281%29.jpg/257px-La_Marmite_Mauricienne_%28Flic-en-Flac%29_-_chop_suey_crevettes_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="172" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/La_Marmite_Mauricienne_%28Flic-en-Flac%29_-_chop_suey_crevettes_%281%29.jpg/387px-La_Marmite_Mauricienne_%28Flic-en-Flac%29_-_chop_suey_crevettes_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/La_Marmite_Mauricienne_%28Flic-en-Flac%29_-_chop_suey_crevettes_%281%29.jpg/514px-La_Marmite_Mauricienne_%28Flic-en-Flac%29_-_chop_suey_crevettes_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3581" data-file-height="2799" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chop suey shrimp</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 180.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 178.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Marmite_Mauricienne_(Flic-en-Flac)_-_curry_de_poisson_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fish curry"><img alt="Fish curry" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/La_Marmite_Mauricienne_%28Flic-en-Flac%29_-_curry_de_poisson_%281%29.jpg/268px-La_Marmite_Mauricienne_%28Flic-en-Flac%29_-_curry_de_poisson_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="179" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/La_Marmite_Mauricienne_%28Flic-en-Flac%29_-_curry_de_poisson_%281%29.jpg/403px-La_Marmite_Mauricienne_%28Flic-en-Flac%29_-_curry_de_poisson_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/La_Marmite_Mauricienne_%28Flic-en-Flac%29_-_curry_de_poisson_%281%29.jpg/536px-La_Marmite_Mauricienne_%28Flic-en-Flac%29_-_curry_de_poisson_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fish curry</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Holidays_and_festivals">Holidays and festivals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Holidays and festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The public holidays of Mauritius involve the blending of several cultures from Mauritius's history. There are <a href="/wiki/Hindu_festivals" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu festivals">Hindu festivals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_festivals" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian festivals">Christian festivals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_festivals" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese festivals">Chinese festivals</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Muslim_festivals" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim festivals">Muslim festivals</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-223" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are 14 annual public holidays in Mauritius with New Year celebrated over two days if it falls on a weekend. All the public holidays related to religious festivals have dates that vary from year to year except for Christmas. Other festivals such as <a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Holi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raksha_Bandhan" title="Raksha Bandhan">Raksha Bandhan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Durga_Puja" title="Durga Puja">Durga Puja</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-224" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-224"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jacques-D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9_Laval" title="Jacques-Désiré Laval">Père Laval Pilgrimage</a> also enrich the cultural landscape of Mauritius. </p> <table class="wikitable collapsible" style="text-align:left;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:left"> <th>Public holidays in Mauritius in 2023<sup id="cite_ref-225" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-225"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>Date </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Year" title="New Year">New Year's Day</a></td> <td>Sunday 1 January – Monday 2 January </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Spring_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Spring Festival">Chinese Spring Festival</a></td> <td>Sunday 22 January </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Abolitionism in the United Kingdom">Abolition of slavery</a></td> <td>Wednesday 1 February </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thaipusam" title="Thaipusam">Thaipoosam Cavadee</a></td> <td>Saturday 4 February </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mahashivratri" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahashivratri">Maha Shivaratri</a></td> <td>Saturday 18 February </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mauritius" title="History of Mauritius">Independence and Republic Day</a></td> <td>Sunday 12 March </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ugadi" title="Ugadi">Ugadi</a></td> <td>Wednesday 22 March </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr" title="Eid al-Fitr">Eid al-Fitr</a> (<i>Depending on the visibility of the moon</i>)</td> <td>Saturday 22 April </td></tr> <tr> <td>Labour Day</td> <td>Monday 1 May </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ganesh_Chaturthi" title="Ganesh Chaturthi">Ganesh Chaturthi</a></td> <td>Wednesday 20 September </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/All_Saints_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="All Saints Day">All Saints Day</a></td> <td>Wednesday 1 November </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_Arrival_Day" title="Indian Arrival Day">Arrival of the Indentured Labourers</a></td> <td>Thursday 2 November </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a></td> <td>Sunday 12 November </td></tr> <tr> <td>Christmas Day</td> <td>Monday 25 December </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maiden_Cup_2006,_Champ_de_Mars_Racecourse,_Port_Louis,_Mauritius_-_20060910.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Maiden_Cup_2006%2C_Champ_de_Mars_Racecourse%2C_Port_Louis%2C_Mauritius_-_20060910.jpg/220px-Maiden_Cup_2006%2C_Champ_de_Mars_Racecourse%2C_Port_Louis%2C_Mauritius_-_20060910.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Maiden_Cup_2006%2C_Champ_de_Mars_Racecourse%2C_Port_Louis%2C_Mauritius_-_20060910.jpg/330px-Maiden_Cup_2006%2C_Champ_de_Mars_Racecourse%2C_Port_Louis%2C_Mauritius_-_20060910.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Maiden_Cup_2006%2C_Champ_de_Mars_Racecourse%2C_Port_Louis%2C_Mauritius_-_20060910.jpg/440px-Maiden_Cup_2006%2C_Champ_de_Mars_Racecourse%2C_Port_Louis%2C_Mauritius_-_20060910.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The Maiden Cup in 2006</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Football_in_Mauritius" title="Football in Mauritius">Football in Mauritius</a></div> <p>The most popular sport in Mauritius is <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a><sup id="cite_ref-226" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-226"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Mauritius_women%27s_national_football_team" title="Mauritius women's national football team">national team</a> is known as The Dodos or <a href="/wiki/Mauritius_national_football_team" title="Mauritius national football team">Club M</a>. Other popular sports in Mauritius include cycling, table tennis, horse racing, badminton, volleyball, basketball, handball, boxing, judo, karate, taekwondo, weightlifting, bodybuilding and athletics. Water sports include swimming, sailing, scuba diving, windsurfing and <a href="/wiki/Kitesurfing" class="mw-redirect" title="Kitesurfing">kitesurfing</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Thoroughbred_horse_racing" class="mw-redirect" title="Thoroughbred horse racing">Horseracing</a>, which dates from 1812 when the <a href="/wiki/Champ_de_Mars_Racecourse" title="Champ de Mars Racecourse">Champ de Mars Racecourse</a> was inaugurated, remains popular. The country hosted the second (1985), fifth (2003) and tenth editions (2019) of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_Island_Games" title="Indian Ocean Island Games">Indian Ocean Island Games</a>. Mauritius won its first Olympic medal at the <a href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics" title="2008 Summer Olympics">2008 Summer Olympics</a> in Beijing when boxer <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Julie" title="Bruno Julie">Bruno Julie</a> won the bronze medal. </p><p>In golf, the former <a href="/wiki/Mauritius_Open" title="Mauritius Open">Mauritius Open</a> and the current <a href="/wiki/AfrAsia_Bank_Mauritius_Open" title="AfrAsia Bank Mauritius Open">AfrAsia Bank Mauritius Open</a> have been part of the <a href="/wiki/European_Tour" class="mw-redirect" title="European Tour">European Tour</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output 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.reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span></span>(<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>)<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɔː/: 'au' in 'fraud'">ɔː</span></span>-/</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/a9\/En-us-Mauritius.ogg\/En-us-Mauritius.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Mauritius.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a9/En-us-Mauritius.ogg/En-us-Mauritius.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Mauritius.ogg" title="File:En-us-Mauritius.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">mər-<span style="font-size:90%">ISH</span>-(ee-)əs, mor-</i></a>; French: <i lang="fr">Maurice</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[mɔʁis,<span class="wrap"> </span>moʁis]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/54\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Jules78120-Maurice.wav\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Jules78120-Maurice.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q150 (fra)-Jules78120-Maurice.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/54/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Jules78120-Maurice.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Jules78120-Maurice.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q150_(fra)-Jules78120-Maurice.wav" title="File:LL-Q150 (fra)-Jules78120-Maurice.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Mauritian_Creole" title="Mauritian Creole">Mauritian Creole</a>: <i lang="mfe">Moris</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="mfe-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mauritian_Creole" title="Help:IPA/Mauritian Creole">[moʁis]</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">République de Maurice</i>; <a href="/wiki/Mauritian_Creole" title="Mauritian Creole">Mauritian Creole</a>: <i lang="mfe">Repiblik Moris</i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200612094501/http://gis.govmu.org/English/About%20Mauritius/Pages/Coats-of-Arms.aspx">"Government Information Service – Coat of Arms"</a>. govmu.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gis.govmu.org/English/About%20Mauritius/Pages/Coats-of-Arms.aspx">the original</a> on 12 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Government+Information+Service+%E2%80%93+Coat+of+Arms&rft.pub=govmu.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgis.govmu.org%2FEnglish%2FAbout%2520Mauritius%2FPages%2FCoats-of-Arms.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMauritius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Mauritius" title="Constitution of Mauritius">Mauritian constitution</a> makes no mention of an <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official language</a>. The Constitution only mentions that the official language of the National Assembly is English; however, any member can also address the chair in French.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://statsmauritius.govmu.org/Documents/Statistics/ESI/2022/EI1687/2022%20Population%20Census_Main%20Results_18112022.pdf">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIA-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritius/">"Africa: Mauritius"</a>. CIA The World Factbook<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Africa%3A+Mauritius&rft.pub=CIA+The+World+Factbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fmauritius%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMauritius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2022_Census_Religion-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2022_Census_Religion_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statsmauritius.govmu.org/Documents/Census_and_Surveys/Census2022/HPC_TR_Vol2_Demography_Yr22.pdf">"2022 HOUSING AND POPULATION CENSUS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Republic of Mauritius. May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2022+HOUSING+AND+POPULATION+CENSUS&rft.pub=Republic+of+Mauritius&rft.date=2024-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatsmauritius.govmu.org%2FDocuments%2FCensus_and_Surveys%2FCensus2022%2FHPC_TR_Vol2_Demography_Yr22.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMauritius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31_Dec_2019_Statistics-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31_Dec_2019_Statistics_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://statsmauritius.govmu.org/English/Publications/Pages/Pop_Vital_Yr19.aspx">"Population and Vital Statistics – Year 2019"</a>. <i>Statistics Mauritius</i>. March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistics+Mauritius&rft.atitle=Population+and+Vital+Statistics+%E2%80%93+Year+2019&rft.date=2020-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstatsmauritius.govmu.org%2FEnglish%2FPublications%2FPages%2FPop_Vital_Yr19.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMauritius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://statsmauritius.govmu.org/Pages/Censuses%20and%20Surveys/Census/census_2022.aspx">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://statsmauritius.govmu.org/Pages/Censuses%20and%20Surveys/Census/2022_Population_census_Main_results.aspx">[3]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMFWEO.MU-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.MU_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.MU_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.MU_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.MU_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=684,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Mauritius)"</a>. <i>IMF.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>. 10 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMF.org&rft.atitle=World+Economic+Outlook+Database%2C+October+2023+Edition.+%28Mauritius%29&rft.date=2023-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2023%2FOctober%2Fweo-report%3Fc%3D684%2C%26s%3DNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2C%26sy%3D2020%26ey%3D2028%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMauritius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=MU">"GINI index (World Bank estimate) – Mauritius"</a>. World Bank<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GINI+index+%28World+Bank+estimate%29+%E2%80%93+Mauritius&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSI.POV.GINI%3Flocations%3DMU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMauritius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNHDR-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UNHDR_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf">"Human Development Report 2023/24"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a>. 13 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2023%2F24&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft.date=2024-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Fglobal-report-document%2Fhdr2023-24reporten.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMauritius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ICJ-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ICJ_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ICJ_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ICJ_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181216031708/https://www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/169/169-20180301-WRI-05-00-EN.pdf">"Written Statement of the Republic of Mauritius"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a></i>. 1 March 2018. pp. 23–24. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/169/169-20180301-WRI-05-00-EN.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 16 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Court+of+Justice&rft.atitle=Written+Statement+of+the+Republic+of+Mauritius&rft.pages=23-24&rft.date=2018-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icj-cij.org%2Ffiles%2Fcase-related%2F169%2F169-20180301-WRI-05-00-EN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMauritius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PCA_Memorial_Vol_1-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PCA_Memorial_Vol_1_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PCA_Memorial_Vol_1_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PCA_Memorial_Vol_1_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pcacases.com/web/sendAttach/1796"><i>Memorial of the Republic of Mauritius</i></a>. Vol. I. <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Court_of_Arbitration" title="Permanent Court of Arbitration">Permanent Court of Arbitration</a>. 1 August 2012. p. 9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memorial+of+the+Republic+of+Mauritius&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Permanent+Court+of+Arbitration&rft.date=2012-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpcacases.com%2Fweb%2FsendAttach%2F1796&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMauritius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EEZ_1977-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EEZ_1977_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EEZ_1977_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Figure 7: Mauritius' EEZ: 1977". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://files.pca-cpa.org//pcadocs/mu-uk/Annexes%20to%20Memorial/MM%20Charts.pdf"><i>Memorial of the Republic of Mauritius</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Figure+7%3A+Mauritius%27+EEZ%3A+1977&rft.btitle=Memorial+of+the+Republic+of+Mauritius&rft.pub=Permanent+Court+of+Arbitration&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffiles.pca-cpa.org%2F%2Fpcadocs%2Fmu-uk%2FAnnexes%2520to%2520Memorial%2FMM%2520Charts.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMauritius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220628000251/https://mauritianarchaeology.sites.stanford.edu/history">"History"</a>. 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New York: Springer.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pmo.govmu.org/English/News/Pages/Cabinet-Decisions-taken-on-24-MAY-2019.aspx">"Prime Minister's Office – Cabinet Decisions taken on 24 MAY 2019"</a>. <i>pmo.govmu.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pmo.govmu.org&rft.atitle=Prime+Minister%27s+Office+%E2%80%93+Cabinet+Decisions+taken+on+24+MAY+2019&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpmo.govmu.org%2FEnglish%2FNews%2FPages%2FCabinet-Decisions-taken-on-24-MAY-2019.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMauritius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-govt-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-govt_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-govt_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-govt_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-govt_39-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-govt_39-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-govt_39-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-govt_39-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161016015207/http://www.govmu.org/English/ExploreMauritius/Pages/History.aspx#dutch">"History"</a>. <i>Government of Mauritius</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.govmu.org/English/ExploreMauritius/Pages/History.aspx#dutch">the original</a> on 16 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Government+of+Mauritius&rft.atitle=History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.govmu.org%2FEnglish%2FExploreMauritius%2FPages%2FHistory.aspx%23dutch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMauritius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_slave_trade_on_Mauritius-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_slave_trade_on_Mauritius_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_slave_trade_on_Mauritius_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201001233138/https://www.roughguides.com/destinations/africa/mauritius/west-coast/le-morne-peninsula/slave-trade-mauritius/">"The slave trade on Mauritius"</a>. <i>Rough Guides</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.roughguides.com/destinations/africa/mauritius/west-coast/le-morne-peninsula/slave-trade-mauritius">the original</a> on 1 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rough+Guides&rft.atitle=The+slave+trade+on+Mauritius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.roughguides.com%2Fdestinations%2Fafrica%2Fmauritius%2Fwest-coast%2Fle-morne-peninsula%2Fslave-trade-mauritius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMauritius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://culture.govmu.org/English//DOCUMENTS/PAMPHLET%20STRIPPED.PDF">"History of Mauritius"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Government of Mauritius</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Government+of+Mauritius&rft.atitle=History+of+Mauritius&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fculture.govmu.org%2FEnglish%2F%2FDOCUMENTS%2FPAMPHLET%2520STRIPPED.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMauritius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000236/17550722/006/0002">"Sunday's Post"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Intelligencer" title="Leeds Intelligencer">Leeds Intelligencer</a></i>. 22 July 1755<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2021</span>. <q>The Island of Mauritius, which is also named the Island of Monkeys, on account of the Multitude of those Animals which destroyed everything in it, was discovered in 1698 by the Dutch, who named it Mauritius, of Maurice, of Orange, and quitted it by reason of the great Number of Monkeys on it.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Leeds+Intelligencer&rft.atitle=Sunday%27s+Post&rft.date=1755-07-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk%2Fviewer%2Fbl%2F0000236%2F17550722%2F006%2F0002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMauritius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthtimes.org/conservation/macaque-monkeys-mauritius-sad-monkey-tale/1501/">"Macaque monkeys on Mauritius, a sad monkey's tale"</a>. <i>earthtimes.org</i>. 11 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=earthtimes.org&rft.atitle=Macaque+monkeys+on+Mauritius%2C+a+sad+monkey%27s+tale&rft.date=2011-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthtimes.org%2Fconservation%2Fmacaque-monkeys-mauritius-sad-monkey-tale%2F1501%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMauritius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/ROL/TJC_Vol1.pdf">"USIP"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=USIP&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usip.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FROL%2FTJC_Vol1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMauritius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Notes". <i>Creating the Creole Island: Slavery in Eighteenth-Century Mauritius</i>. Duke University Press. 2005. pp. 277–304. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1215%2F9780822386919-011">10.1215/9780822386919-011</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-3402-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-3402-6"><bdi>978-0-8223-3402-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Notes&rft.btitle=Creating+the+Creole+Island%3A+Slavery+in+Eighteenth-Century+Mauritius&rft.pages=277-304&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1215%2F9780822386919-011&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-3402-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMauritius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The African Diaspora in the Indian Ocean. (2003). Storbritannien: Africa World Press. p. 65-68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Asian and African Systems of Slavery. (1980). Storbritannien: University of California Press. p. 75-76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lexpress.mu/article/tamouls-les-racines-de-lhistoire">"Tamouls, les racines de l'histoire"</a>. <i>L'Express</i>. 5 February 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2004</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=L%27Express&rft.atitle=Tamouls%2C+les+racines+de+l%27histoire&rft.date=2004-02-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexpress.mu%2Farticle%2Ftamouls-les-racines-de-lhistoire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMauritius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13882731">"Mauritius profile – Timeline"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 25 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Mauritius+profile+%E2%80%93+Timeline&rft.date=2019-02-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-13882731&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMauritius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Toussaint2-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Toussaint2_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Toussaint2_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Port Louis, A tropical City, Auguste Toussaint. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0%2B04%2B969001%2B9" title="Special:BookSources/0+04+969001+9">0 04 969001 9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Toussaint-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Toussaint_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Toussaint_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Toussaint_51-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Toussaint_51-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>A short History of Mauritius</i>, P.J. Barnwell & A. Toussaint</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/stories/terra-australis-australia/matthew-flinders-journeys">"From Terra Australis to Australia Matthew Flinders' journeys"</a>. State Library of NSW. 18 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=From+Terra+Australis+to+Australia+Matthew+Flinders%27+journeys&rft.pub=State+Library+of+NSW&rft.date=2015-12-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sl.nsw.gov.au%2Fstories%2Fterra-australis-australia%2Fmatthew-flinders-journeys&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMauritius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoheeputh2003" class="citation web cs1">Moheeputh, Anand (24 October 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lexpress.mu/article/matthew-flinders-illustrious-prisoner">"Matthew Flinders, an illustrious prisoner"</a>. <i>L'Express</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2003</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=L%27Express&rft.atitle=Matthew+Flinders%2C+an+illustrious+prisoner&rft.date=2003-10-24&rft.aulast=Moheeputh&rft.aufirst=Anand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexpress.mu%2Farticle%2Fmatthew-flinders-illustrious-prisoner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMauritius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarter2015" class="citation book cs1">Carter, Marina (19 January 2015). <i>Murder and Mayhem in Mauritius: Historical Crime Stories</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mauritius+Dholl+Puri+%28Yellow+Split+Pea+Wrap%29&rft.pub=International+Cuisine&rft.date=2016-10-20&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Darlene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.internationalcuisine.com%2Fmauritius-dholl-puri%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMauritius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pmo.govmu.org/English/Documents/Communiqu%C3%A9%20and%20Reports/Public%20holidays%20-%202020.pdf">"Public Holidays - 2020.pdf"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Bradt Travel Guides, 2009, p. 90</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacdonald" class="citation book cs1">Macdonald, Fiona; et al. "Mauritius". <i>Peoples of Africa</i>. pp. 340–341.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mauritius&rft.btitle=Peoples+of+Africa&rft.pages=340-341&rft.aulast=Macdonald&rft.aufirst=Fiona&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMauritius" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>This article incorporates public domain text from the websites of the <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.govmu.org/">Government of Mauritius</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181022022534/http://www1.govmu.org/">Archived</a> 22 October 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">United States Department of State</a>, the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">CIA World Factbook</a>.</i></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBahadur2014" class="citation book cs1">Bahadur, Gaiutra (2014). <i>Coolie Woman: The Odyssey of Indenture</i>. The University of Chicago. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-21138-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-21138-1"><bdi>978-0-226-21138-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coolie+Woman%3A+The+Odyssey+of+Indenture&rft.pub=The+University+of+Chicago&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-226-21138-1&rft.aulast=Bahadur&rft.aufirst=Gaiutra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMauritius" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoree1998" class="citation book cs1">Moree, Perry J. (1998). <i>A Concise History of Dutch Mauritius, 1598–1710: A Fruitful and Healthy Land</i>. Routledge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Concise+History+of+Dutch+Mauritius%2C+1598%E2%80%931710%3A+A+Fruitful+and+Healthy+Land&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Moree&rft.aufirst=Perry+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMauritius" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVink2003" class="citation journal cs1">Vink, Markus (2003). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'The World's Oldest Trade': Dutch Slavery and Slave Trade in the Indian Ocean in the Seventeenth Century". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_World_History" title="Journal of World History">Journal of World History</a></i>. <b>14</b> (2): 131–177. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fjwh.2003.0026">10.1353/jwh.2003.0026</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145450338">145450338</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+World+History&rft.atitle=%27The+World%27s+Oldest+Trade%27%3A+Dutch+Slavery+and+Slave+Trade+in+the+Indian+Ocean+in+the+Seventeenth+Century&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=131-177&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fjwh.2003.0026&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145450338%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Vink&rft.aufirst=Markus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMauritius" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><b>Novels</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genevi%C3%A8ve_Dormann" title="Geneviève Dormann">Geneviève Dormann</a>, <i>Le bal du dodo</i>, Albin Michel, 2000, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782226036568" title="Special:BookSources/9782226036568">9782226036568</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J.M.G._Le_Cl%C3%A9zio" class="mw-redirect" title="J.M.G. Le Clézio">J.M.G. Le Clézio</a>, <i>La quarantaine</i>, Gallimard, 1997, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782070402106" title="Special:BookSources/9782070402106">9782070402106</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathacha_Appanah" title="Nathacha Appanah">Nathacha Appanah</a>, <i>Les rochers de poudre d'or</i>, Gallimard, 2006.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenaz_Patel" title="Shenaz Patel">Shenaz Patel</a>, <i>Le silence des Chagos</i>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_de_l%27Olivier" title="Éditions de l'Olivier">éditions de l'Olivier</a>, 2005, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782879294544" title="Special:BookSources/9782879294544">9782879294544</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Mauritius" class="extiw" title="voy:Mauritius">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References_2">References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13882233">Country Profile</a> from <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=MU">Key Development Forecasts for Mauritius</a> from <a href="/wiki/International_Futures" title="International Futures">International Futures</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080607053434/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/mauritius.htm">Mauritius</a> at <i>UCB Libraries GovPubs</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/370153/Mauritius">Mauritius</a> entry at <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritius/">Mauritius</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government">Government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101020658/http://www.boimauritius.com/">Board of Investment</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.govmu.org/">Mauritius Government portal</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181022022534/http://www1.govmu.org/">Archived</a> 22 October 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://statsmauritius.govmu.org/">Statistics Mauritius</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geography_2">Geography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/535828#map=10/-20.2963/57.6727">Mauritius</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/24px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/32px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Mauritius" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Mauritius">Wikimedia Atlas of Mauritius</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wikimapia.org/#lat=-20.2544671&lon=57.5614929&z=10&l=0&m=b&search=mauritius">WikiSatellite view of Mauritius at WikiMapia</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mauritius" title="History of Mauritius">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Mauritius" title="Geography of Mauritius">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Mauritius" title="Wildlife of Mauritius">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subdivisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Outer_Islands_of_Mauritius" title="Outer Islands of Mauritius">Outer islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agal%C3%A9ga" title="Agaléga">Agaléga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Brandon" title="St. Brandon">Cargados Carajos <span style="font-size:85%;">(St. Brandon)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodrigues" title="Rodrigues">Rodrigues</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islets_of_Mauritius" title="Islets of Mauritius">Islets of Mauritius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Fishing_bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing bank">Fishing banks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawkins_Bank" title="Hawkins Bank">Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazareth_Bank" title="Nazareth Bank">Nazareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saya_de_Malha_Bank" title="Saya de Malha Bank">Saya de Malha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soudan_Banks" title="Soudan Banks">Soudan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Mauritius" title="Districts of Mauritius">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flacq_District" title="Flacq District">Flacq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Port_District" title="Grand Port District">Grand Port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moka_District" title="Moka District">Moka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamplemousses_District" title="Pamplemousses District">Pamplemousses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaines_Wilhems_District" title="Plaines Wilhems District">Plaines Wilhems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Louis_District" title="Port Louis District">Port Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8re_du_Rempart_District" title="Rivière du Rempart District">Rivière du Rempart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8re_Noire_District" title="Rivière Noire District">Rivière Noire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savanne_District" title="Savanne District">Savanne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Claims</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chagos_Archipelago" title="Chagos Archipelago">Chagos Archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tromelin_Island" title="Tromelin Island">Tromelin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Mauritius" title="Coat of arms of Mauritius"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Coat_of_arms_of_Mauritius_%28Original_version%29.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Mauritius_%28Original_version%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Coat_of_arms_of_Mauritius_%28Original_version%29.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Mauritius_%28Original_version%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Coat_of_arms_of_Mauritius_%28Original_version%29.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Mauritius_%28Original_version%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="692" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Mauritius" title="Politics of Mauritius">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Mauritius" title="Cabinet of Mauritius">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Mauritius" title="Constitution of Mauritius">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Mauritius" title="Elections in Mauritius">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Mauritius" title="Foreign relations of Mauritius">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Mauritius" title="Government of Mauritius">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Mauritius" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Mauritius">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Mauritius" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Mauritius">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Mauritius" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of Mauritius">National Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Mauritius" title="List of political parties in Mauritius">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Mauritius" title="Supreme Court of Mauritius">Supreme Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Mauritius" title="Economy of Mauritius">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Mauritius" title="Agriculture in Mauritius">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Mauritius" title="List of companies of Mauritius">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_industry_of_Mauritius" title="Mineral industry of Mauritius">Minerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_rupee" title="Mauritian rupee">Rupee <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_industry_of_Mauritius" title="Sugar industry of Mauritius">Sugar industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Mauritius" title="Telecommunications in Mauritius">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Mauritius" title="Tourism in Mauritius">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Mauritius" title="Transport in Mauritius">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Mauritius" title="Category:Society of Mauritius">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Mauritius" title="Demographics of Mauritius">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_Creole_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauritian Creole people">Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Mauritians" title="Franco-Mauritians">Franco-Mauritians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Mauritian" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Mauritian">Indo-Mauritian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Mauritian" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-Mauritian">Sino-Mauritian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Mauritius" title="Education in Mauritius">Education</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Mauritius" title="Culture of Mauritius">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_cuisine" title="Mauritian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_creole" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauritian creole">Creole language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodo" title="Dodo">Dodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_literature" title="Mauritian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritians" title="Mauritians">Mauritians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Mauritius" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Mauritius">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mauritius" title="Music of Mauritius">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sega_(genre)" title="Sega (genre)">Sega</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mauritius" title="Religion in Mauritius">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Mauritius" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport in Mauritius">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Mauritius" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Mauritius">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Mauritius" title="Outline of Mauritius">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Mauritius-related_articles" title="Index of Mauritius-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mauritius" title="Category:Mauritius">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_relating_to_Mauritius" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_relating_to_Mauritius" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles relating to Mauritius</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_territories_of_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_of_Africa" title="Template:Countries of Africa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_of_Africa" title="Template talk:Countries of Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_of_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries of Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_territories_of_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Africa" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa">Countries and territories</a> of <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> (partly in Asia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding:0 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited<br />recognition</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Territorial_dispute" title="Territorial dispute">unclear sovereignty</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent<br />territories</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean">Îles Éparses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">African territories<br />fully part of<br />non-African states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pantelleria" title="Pantelleria">Pantelleria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelagie_Islands" title="Pelagie Islands">Pelagie Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savage_Islands" title="Savage Islands">Savage Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa" title="Plazas de soberanía">Plazas de soberanía</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yemen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socotra" title="Socotra">Socotra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Africa" title="Category:Africa">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Africa" title="Portal:Africa">Africa portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_territories_bordering_the_Indian_Ocean" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_and_territories_bordering_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Template:Countries and territories bordering the Indian Ocean"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_and_territories_bordering_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Template talk:Countries and territories bordering the Indian Ocean"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_and_territories_bordering_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries and territories bordering the Indian Ocean"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_territories_bordering_the_Indian_Ocean" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Countries and territories bordering the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indianocean.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the Indian Ocean"><img alt="Map of the Indian Ocean" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Indianocean.PNG/100px-Indianocean.PNG" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Indianocean.PNG/150px-Indianocean.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Indianocean.PNG/200px-Indianocean.PNG 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="330" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">United Kingdom</span></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Australia)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Australia)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">Timor-Leste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Antarctic_Territory" title="Australian Antarctic Territory">Australian Antarctic Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="French Southern and Antarctic Lands">French Southern and Antarctic Lands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heard_Island_and_McDonald_Islands" title="Heard Island and McDonald Islands">Heard Island and McDonald Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Southern_African_Development_Community_(SADC)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Southern_African_Development_Community" title="Template:Southern African Development Community"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Southern_African_Development_Community" title="Template talk:Southern African Development Community"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Southern_African_Development_Community" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Southern African Development Community"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Southern_African_Development_Community_(SADC)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Development_Community" title="Southern African Development Community">Southern African Development Community</a> (SADC)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Member states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Chairpersons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Levy_Mwanawasa" title="Levy Mwanawasa">Levy Mwanawasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kgalema_Motlanthe" title="Kgalema Motlanthe">Kgalema Motlanthe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Secretaries-General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaire_Mbuende" title="Kaire Mbuende">Kaire Mbuende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prega_Ramsamy" title="Prega Ramsamy">Prega Ramsamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomaz_Salom%C3%A3o" title="Tomaz Salomão">Tomaz Salomão</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Development_Coordination_Conference" title="Southern African Development Coordination Conference">Southern African Development Coordination Conference <span style="font-size:85%;">(forerunner)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Customs_Union" title="Southern African Customs Union">Southern African Customs Union <span style="font-size:85%;">(SACU)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Monetary_Area" title="Common Monetary Area">Common Monetary Area <span style="font-size:85%;">(CMA)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Market_for_Eastern_and_Southern_Africa" title="Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa">Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa <span style="font-size:85%;">(COMESA)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="African_Union" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:African_Union" title="Template:African Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:African_Union" title="Template talk:African Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:African_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:African Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="African_Union" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_African_Union" title="History of the African Union">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Africanism" title="Pan-Africanism">Pan-Africanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonisation_of_Africa" title="Decolonisation of Africa">Decolonisation of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casablanca_Group" title="Casablanca Group">Casablanca Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monrovia_Group" title="Monrovia Group">Monrovia Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_and_Malagasy_Union" title="African and Malagasy Union">African and Malagasy Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Monetary_Union" title="African Monetary Union">Abuja Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirte_Declaration" title="Sirte Declaration">Sirte Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutive_Act_of_the_African_Union" title="Constitutive Act of the African Union">Lome Summit</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Organisation of African Unity">Organisation of African Unity</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Chairperson of the Organisation of African Unity">Chairperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Secretary General of the Organisation of African Unity">Secretary General</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_African_Union" title="Geography of the African Union">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Countries_bordering_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Countries bordering the African Union">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Extreme points of the African Union">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_African_Union" title="Member states of the African Union">Member states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_the_African_Union" title="Regions of the African Union">Regions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Organs_of_the_African_Union" title="Organs of the African Union">Organs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_of_the_African_Union" title="Executive Council of the African Union">Executive Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Representatives%27_Committee_of_the_African_Union" title="Permanent Representatives' Committee of the African Union">Permanent Representatives' Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specialised_Technical_Committees_of_the_African_Union" title="Specialised Technical Committees of the African Union">Specialized Technical Committees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_African_Union" title="Assembly of the African Union">Assembly</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union" title="Chairperson of the African Union">Chairperson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Commission" title="African Union Commission">Commission</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union_Commission" title="Chairperson of the African Union Commission">Chairperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union_Commission" title="Chairperson of the African Union Commission">Deputy Chairperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Conference_Center_and_Office_Complex" title="African Union Conference Center and Office Complex">AUCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_African_Union_Commission_Chairperson_election" title="2025 African Union Commission Chairperson election">2025 election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pan-African_Parliament" title="Pan-African Parliament">Pan-African Parliament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_the_Pan-African_Parliament" title="Bureau of the Pan-African Parliament">Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Pan-African_Parliament" title="Secretariat of the Pan-African Parliament">Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallagher_Convention_Centre" title="Gallagher Convention Centre">Gallagher Estate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Justice_of_the_African_Union" title="Court of Justice of the African Union">African Court of Justice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Court_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economic,_Social_and_Cultural_Council" title="Economic, Social and Cultural Council">ECOSOCC Committees</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Security_Committee" title="Peace and Security Committee">Peace and Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Affairs_Committee_(African_Union)" title="Political Affairs Committee (African Union)">Political Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_and_Energy_Committee" title="Infrastructure and Energy Committee">Infrastructure and Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Affairs_and_Health_Committee" title="Social Affairs and Health Committee">Social Affairs and Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Resources,_Science,_and_Technology_Committee" title="Human Resources, Science, and Technology Committee">HR, Sciences and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_and_Industry_Committee_(African_Union)" title="Trade and Industry Committee (African Union)">Trade and Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_Economy_and_Agriculture_Committee" title="Rural Economy and Agriculture Committee">Rural Economy and Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Affairs_Committee_(African_Union)" title="Economic Affairs Committee (African Union)">Economic Affairs</a></li> <li>Women and Gender</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-Cutting_Programs_Committee" title="Cross-Cutting Programs Committee">Cross-Cutting Programs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Financial institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Central_Bank" title="African Central Bank">African Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Monetary_Fund" title="African Monetary Fund">African Monetary Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Investment_Bank" title="African Investment Bank">African Investment Bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Security_Council" title="Peace and Security Council">Peace and Security Council</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Capacity_for_Immediate_Response_to_Crises" title="African Capacity for Immediate Response to Crises">ACIRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Standby_Force" title="African Standby Force">African Standby Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panel_of_the_Wise" title="Panel of the Wise">Panel of the Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations%E2%80%93African_Union_Mission_in_Darfur" title="United Nations–African Union Mission in Darfur">UNAMID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_in_Burundi" title="African Union Mission in Burundi">AMIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_in_Sudan" title="African Union Mission in Sudan">AMIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_to_Somalia" title="African Union Mission to Somalia">AMISOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MISCA" title="MISCA">MISCA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialised agencies and institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Centres_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention">Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the African Union">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Peer_Review_Mechanism" title="African Peer Review Mechanism">APRM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_African_Union" title="Foreign relations of the African Union">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Charter_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Commission_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_African_Union" title="Enlargement of the African Union">Enlargement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Africa_Command" title="United States Africa Command">United States Africa Command</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_military_bases" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States military bases">United States military bases</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_ambassadors_to_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States ambassadors to the African Union">United States ambassadors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="African Union–Ethiopia relations">African Union–Ethiopia relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbols of the African Union">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Let_Us_All_Unite_and_Celebrate_Together" title="Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_the_African_Union" title="Emblem of the African Union">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_African_Union" title="Flag of the African Union">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Passport" title="African Union Passport">Passport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_African_Union" title="Economy of the African Union">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_central_banks_of_Africa" title="List of central banks of Africa">Currencies</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gold_standard#Advocates" title="Gold standard">Gold standard</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Development_Bank" title="African Development Bank">Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Economic_Community" title="African Economic Community">African Economic Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Partnership_for_Africa%27s_Development" title="New Partnership for Africa's Development">NEPAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Continental_Free_Trade_Area" title="African Continental Free Trade Area">African Continental Free Trade Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_African_Air_Transport_Market" title="Single African Air Transport Market">Single African Air Transport Market</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Day" title="Africa Day">Africa Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Border_Day" title="African Border Day">African Border Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Monetary_Union" title="African Monetary Union">Afro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Africa" title="United States of Africa">United States of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Latin_Africa" title="United States of Latin Africa">United States of Latin Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_Federation" title="East African Federation">East African Federation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:African_Union" title="Category:African Union">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Commonwealth" title="Template:The Commonwealth"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Commonwealth" title="Template talk:The Commonwealth"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Commonwealth" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Commonwealth"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations">Members</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a><br />(members)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini (Swaziland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Associated_state" title="Associated state">Associated states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashmore_and_Cartier_Islands" title="Ashmore and Cartier Islands">Ashmore and Cartier Islands</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Antarctic_Territory" title="Australian Antarctic Territory">Australian Antarctic Territory</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea_Islands" title="Coral Sea Islands">Coral Sea Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heard_Island_and_McDonald_Islands" title="Heard Island and McDonald Islands">Heard Island and McDonald Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ross_Dependency" title="Ross Dependency">Ross Dependency</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Bailiwick of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries">Commonwealth Secretariat – Member Countries</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:La_Francophonie" title="Template:La Francophonie"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:La_Francophonie" title="Template talk:La Francophonie"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:La_Francophonie" title="Special:EditPage/Template:La Francophonie"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie" title="Organisation internationale de la Francophonie">Organisation internationale de la Francophonie</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie" title="Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">National/regional members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Community_of_Belgium" title="French Community of Belgium">French Community of Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Associate members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Suspended members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assembl%C3%A9e_parlementaire_de_la_Francophonie" title="Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie">Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agence_de_Coop%C3%A9ration_Culturelle_et_Technique" title="Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique">Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agence_universitaire_de_la_Francophonie" title="Agence universitaire de la Francophonie">Agence universitaire de la Francophonie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_French_Language_Day" title="UN French Language Day">UN French Language Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Francophonie_Day" title="International Francophonie Day">International Francophonie Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeux_de_la_Francophonie" title="Jeux de la Francophonie">Jeux de la Francophonie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prix_des_cinq_continents_de_la_francophonie" title="Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie">Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembl%C3%A9e_des_francophones_fonctionnaires_des_organisations_internationales" title="Assemblée des francophones fonctionnaires des organisations internationales">AFFOI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV5Monde" title="TV5Monde">TV5Monde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_La_Francophonie" title="LGBT rights in La Francophonie">LGBT rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francophone_economy" title="Francophone economy">Francophone economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senghor_University" title="Senghor University">Senghor University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie" title="Category:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries_(CPLP)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Template:Community of Portuguese Language Countries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Template talk:Community of Portuguese Language Countries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Community of Portuguese Language Countries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries_(CPLP)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Community of Portuguese Language Countries">Community of Portuguese Language Countries</a> (CPLP)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Member states of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries">Membership</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">Timor-Leste </a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Ibero-American_States" title="Organization of Ibero-American States">Organization of Ibero-American States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_CPLP.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_CPLP.svg/150px-Flag_CPLP.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_CPLP.svg/225px-Flag_CPLP.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_CPLP.svg/300px-Flag_CPLP.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="701" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Secretary_of_the_Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Executive Secretary of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries">Executive Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Flag of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries">Flag of the CPLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CPLP_Games" title="CPLP Games">CPLP Games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries#CPLP_Summits" title="Community of Portuguese Language Countries">CPLP Summits</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_CPLP_Summit" title="1st CPLP Summit">I – Lisbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_CPLP_Summit" title="2nd CPLP Summit">II – Praia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_CPLP_Summit" title="3rd CPLP Summit">III – Maputo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_CPLP_Summit" title="4th CPLP Summit">IV – Brasília</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_CPLP_Summit" title="5th CPLP Summit">V – São Tomé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_CPLP_Summit" title="6th CPLP Summit">VI – Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_CPLP_Summit" title="7th CPLP Summit">VII – Lisbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_CPLP_Summit" title="8th CPLP Summit">VIII – Luanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_CPLP_Summit" title="9th CPLP Summit">IX – Maputo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_CPLP_Summit" title="10th CPLP Summit">X – Díli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_CPLP_Summit" title="11th CPLP Summit">XI – Brasília</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_CPLP_Summit" title="12th CPLP Summit">XII – Ilha do Sal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=13th_CPLP_Summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="13th CPLP Summit (page does not exist)">XIII – Luanda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=14th_CPLP_Summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="14th CPLP Summit (page does not exist)">XIV – São Tomé</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=15th_CPLP_Summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="15th CPLP Summit (page does not exist)">XIV – Bissau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_literature" title="Portuguese literature">Portuguese literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Lusophone">Lusophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusophone_music" title="Lusophone music">Lusophone music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACOLOP" title="ACOLOP">ACOLOP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lusophony_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Lusophony Games">Lusophony Games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_where_Portuguese_is_an_official_language" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries where Portuguese is an official language">Countries with Portuguese as an official language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_organisations_which_have_Portuguese_as_an_official_language" title="List of international organisations which have Portuguese as an official language">International organizations with Portuguese as an official languages</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Category:Community of Portuguese Language Countries">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dialects_and_accents_of_Modern_English_by_continent" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:English_dialects" title="Template:English dialects"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:English_dialects" title="Template talk:English dialects"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:English_dialects" title="Special:EditPage/Template:English dialects"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dialects_and_accents_of_Modern_English_by_continent" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_dialects_of_English" title="List of dialects of English">Dialects</a> and <a href="/wiki/Regional_accents_of_English" title="Regional accents of English">accents</a> of <a href="/wiki/Modern_English" title="Modern English">Modern English</a> by continent</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/English_language_in_Europe" title="English language in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">Great <br />Britain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/English_language_in_England" title="English language in England">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/English_language_in_Northern_England" title="English language in Northern England">North</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_dialect" title="Cheshire dialect">Cheshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbrian_dialect" title="Cumbrian dialect">Cumbria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barrovian" title="Barrovian">Barrow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancashire_dialect" title="Lancashire dialect">Lancashire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scouse" title="Scouse">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_dialect" title="Manchester dialect">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumbrian_dialect" title="Northumbrian dialect">Northumbria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pitmatic" title="Pitmatic">Pitmatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackem" title="Mackem">Sunderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geordie" title="Geordie">Tyneside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoggie" title="Smoggie">Teesside</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_dialect" title="Yorkshire dialect">Yorkshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Midlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Midlands_English" title="East Midlands English">East Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_English" title="West Midlands English">West Midlands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brummie_dialect" title="Brummie dialect">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Country_dialect" title="Black Country dialect">Black Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potteries_dialect" title="Potteries dialect">Stoke-on-Trent</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/English_language_in_Southern_England" title="English language in Southern England">South</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Anglian_English" title="East Anglian English">East Anglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estuary_English" title="Estuary English">London & Thames Estuary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cockney" title="Cockney">Cockney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multicultural_London_English" title="Multicultural London English">Multicultural</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Received_Pronunciation" title="Received Pronunciation">Received Pronunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Country_English" title="West Country English">West Country</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_dialect" title="Cornish dialect">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorset_dialect" title="Dorset dialect">Dorset</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_English" title="Scottish English">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_dialect" title="Glasgow dialect">Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_English" title="Highland English">Highlands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_English" title="Welsh English">Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abercraf_English" title="Abercraf English">Abercraf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_English" title="Cardiff English">Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gower_dialect" title="Gower dialect">Gower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Talbot_English" title="Port Talbot English">Port Talbot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hiberno-English" title="Hiberno-English">Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_English" title="Dublin English">Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South-West_Irish_English" title="South-West Irish English">South-West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_English" title="Ulster English">Ulster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Island_English" title="Channel Island English">Channel Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarian_English" title="Gibraltarian English">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_English" title="Manx English">Isle of Man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="North_America" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_American_English" title="North American English">North <br />America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_English" title="Canadian English">Canada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_English_in_Canada" title="Indigenous English in Canada">Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Canadian_English" title="Atlantic Canadian English">Atlantic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunenburg_English" title="Lunenburg English">Lunenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_English" title="Newfoundland English">Newfoundland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_slang" title="Toronto slang">Multicultural Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Valley_English" title="Ottawa Valley English">Ottawa Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_English" title="Quebec English">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Canadian_English" title="Standard Canadian English">Standard Canadian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">United <br />States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midland_American_English" title="Midland American English">Midland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_English" title="New England English">New England</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston_accent" title="Boston accent">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_New_England_English" title="Eastern New England English">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_accent" title="Maine accent">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_New_England_English" title="Western New England English">West</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_English" title="New York City English">New York City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_accent" title="New York accent">accent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_American_English" title="Northern American English">North</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inland_Northern_American_English" title="Inland Northern American English">Inland North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North-Central_American_English" title="North-Central American English">North-Central</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_English" title="Philadelphia English">Philadelphia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_accent" title="Baltimore accent">Baltimore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_American_English" title="Southern American English">South</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_English" title="Appalachian English">Appalachia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Tider" title="High Tider">High Tider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_English" title="New Orleans English">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Older_Southern_American_English" title="Older Southern American English">Older</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texan_English" title="Texan English">Texas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_American_English" title="Western American English">West</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_English" title="California English">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_English" title="Pacific Northwest English">Pacific Northwest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Pennsylvania_English" title="Western Pennsylvania English">Western Pennsylvania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social and <br />ethno-cultural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_English" title="African-American English">African-American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_Vernacular_English" title="African-American Vernacular English">vernacular</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Indian_English" title="American Indian English">American Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cajun_English" title="Cajun English">Cajun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_English" title="Chicano English">Chicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_American_English" title="General American English">General American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami_accent" title="Miami accent">Miami Latino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Latino_English" title="New York Latino English">New York Latino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Dutch_English" title="Pennsylvania Dutch English">Pennsylvania Dutch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_English" title="Caribbean English">Caribbean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahamian_English" title="Bahamian English">The Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_in_Barbados" class="mw-redirect" title="English in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bequia_English" title="Bequia English">Bequia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands_English" title="Cayman Islands English">Cayman Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Islands_English" title="Bay Islands English">Bay Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_English" title="Jamaican English">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saban_English" title="Saban English">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saman%C3%A1_English" title="Samaná English">Samaná</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidadian_and_Tobagonian_English" title="Trinidadian and Tobagonian English">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermudian_English" title="Bermudian English">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands_English" title="Falkland Islands English">Falkland Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Australia" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australian_English" title="Australian English">Australia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Variation_in_Australian_English" title="Variation in Australian English">variation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_English_phonology" title="Australian English phonology">accent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_English" title="Australian Aboriginal English">Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Australian_English" title="South Australian English">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torres_Strait_English" title="Torres Strait English">Torres Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Australian_English" title="Western Australian English">West</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Fiji#Fiji_English" title="Culture of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_English" title="New Zealand English">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_English_phonology" title="New Zealand English phonology">accent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palauan_English" title="Palauan English">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_English" title="Solomon Islands English">Solomon Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cameroonian_English" title="Cameroonian English">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_English" title="Gambian English">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_English" title="Ghanaian English">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_English" title="Kenyan English">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_English" title="Liberian English">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_English" title="Malawian English">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namlish" title="Namlish">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_English" title="Nigerian English">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leonean_English" title="Sierra Leonean English">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_English" title="South African English">South Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_South_African_English_phonology" title="White South African English phonology">accent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Flats_English" title="Cape Flats English">Cape Flats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Atlantic_English" title="South Atlantic English">South Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_English" title="Ugandan English">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_English" title="Zimbabwean English">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_English" title="Hong Kong English">Hong Kong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_English" title="South Asian English">South Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_English" title="Bangladeshi English">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_English" title="Indian English">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regional_differences_and_dialects_in_Indian_English" title="Regional differences and dialects in Indian English">regional and occupational</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_English" title="Nepalese English">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_English" title="Pakistani English">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_English" title="Sri Lankan English">Sri Lanka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_English" title="Southeast Asian English">Southeast Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brunei_English" title="Brunei English">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_English" title="Malaysian English">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_English" title="Myanmar English">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_English" title="Philippine English">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_English" title="Singapore English">Singapore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_English" title="Basic English">Basic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broad_and_general_accents" title="Broad and general accents">Broad and general accents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_American_and_British_English" title="Comparison of American and British English">Comparison of American and British English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-Prime" title="E-Prime">E-Prime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engrish" title="Engrish">Engrish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_as_a_lingua_franca" title="English as a lingua franca">English as a lingua franca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English-based_creole_languages" title="English-based creole languages">English-based creole languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Englishisation" title="Englishisation">Englishisation</a></li> <li>Globish <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Globish_(Gogate)" title="Globish (Gogate)">Gogate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globish_(Nerri%C3%A8re)" title="Globish (Nerrière)">Nerrière</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_English" title="International English">International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Learning_English_(version_of_English)" title="Learning English (version of English)">Learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_purism_in_English" title="Linguistic purism in English">Linguistic purism in English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English-based_pidgins" title="List of English-based pidgins">List of English-based pidgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_accent" title="Mid-Atlantic accent">Mid-Atlantic accent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-native_pronunciations_of_English" title="Non-native pronunciations of English">Non-native pronunciations of English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plain_English" title="Plain English">Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_English" title="Standard English">Standard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_regions_in_the_Somali_plate" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_and_regions_in_the_Somali_Plate" title="Template:Countries and regions in the Somali Plate"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Countries_and_regions_in_the_Somali_Plate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Countries and regions in the Somali Plate (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_and_regions_in_the_Somali_Plate" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries and regions in the Somali Plate"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_regions_in_the_Somali_plate" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Countries and regions in the <a href="/wiki/Somali_plate" title="Somali plate">Somali plate</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">Countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KwaZulu-Natal" title="KwaZulu-Natal">KwaZulu-Natal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(South Africa)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(France)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(France)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Region" title="Somali Region">Somali Region</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Ethiopia)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mauritius_Broadcasting_Corporation" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mauritius_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Template:Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mauritius_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Template talk:Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mauritius_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mauritius_Broadcasting_Corporation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mauritius_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation">Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MBC_1_(Mauritian_TV_channel)" title="MBC 1 (Mauritian TV channel)">MBC 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBC_2_(Mauritian_TV_channel)" title="MBC 2 (Mauritian TV channel)">MBC 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBC_3_(Mauritian_TV_channel)" title="MBC 3 (Mauritian TV channel)">MBC 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BTV_(Mauritian_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="BTV (Mauritian TV channel)">BTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YSTV_(Mauritian_TV_channel)" title="YSTV (Mauritian TV channel)">YSTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9_12" title="Ciné 12">Ciné 12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kids_Channel_(Mauritian_TV_channel)" title="Kids Channel (Mauritian TV channel)">Kids Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senn_Kreol" title="Senn Kreol">Senn Kreol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_Channel" title="Bhojpuri Channel">Bhojpuri Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBC_Sat" title="MBC Sat">MBC Sat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Radio Maurice</li> <li>Radio Mauritius</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Best_FM_(Mauritius)" title="Best FM (Mauritius)">Best FM</a></li> <li>Kool FM</li> <li>Music FM</li> <li>Taal FM</li> <li>Rodrigues FM</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Mauritius_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Category:Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation">Category:Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" 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aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000123591219">ISNI</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000123589127">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/150028558">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1205325/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJyrXDMrFWfKtYPkvt384q">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4074641-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79060078">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11864860z">France</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11945077g">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb153244016">3</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11864860z">BnF data</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11945077g">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb153244016">3</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00567849">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35335777">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Mauricius"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge867088&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX452687">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/mkz10tw54bbnm9c">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007562090205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/bb019165-42ef-3470-bcb8-36d1b45e4bc1">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/357bc3c0-fd81-412f-b774-b842c255db7b">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/YHcsLLk8">UK Parliament</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026392429">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10035765">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=60174">Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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