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Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82_(%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Джоан Плантагенет (кралица на Шотландия) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джоан Плантагенет (кралица на Шотландия)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johana_Anglick%C3%A1_(1321%E2%80%931362)" title="Johana Anglická (1321–1362) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Johana Anglická (1321–1362)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_o%27r_T%C5%B5r" title="Joan o'r Tŵr – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Joan o'r Tŵr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johanna_von_England_(1321%E2%80%931362)" title="Johanna von England (1321–1362) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Johanna von England (1321–1362)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A0%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Ιωάννα του Πύργου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιωάννα του Πύργου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juana_de_Inglaterra_(1321-1362)" title="Juana de Inglaterra (1321-1362) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Juana de Inglaterra (1321-1362)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Angleterre_(1321-1362)" title="Jeanne d'Angleterre (1321-1362) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jeanne d'Angleterre (1321-1362)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jehanna_fan_de_Toer" title="Jehanna fan de Toer – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Jehanna fan de Toer" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xoana_da_Torre" title="Xoana da Torre – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xoana da Torre" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%B8%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%B9%D5%A1%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A5%D6%80%D6%81%D5%AB" title="Ջոան Թաուերցի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջոան Թաուերցի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivana_Towerska" title="Ivana Towerska – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ivana Towerska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanna_d%27Inghilterra_(1321-1362)" title="Giovanna d'Inghilterra (1321-1362) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giovanna d'Inghilterra (1321-1362)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%9E%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94" title="ג'ואן מהמצודה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ואן מהמצודה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_(1321-1362)" title="ჯოან ინგლისელი (1321-1362) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯოან ინგლისელი (1321-1362)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angliai_Johanna_sk%C3%B3t_kir%C3%A1lyn%C3%A9" title="Angliai Johanna skót királyné – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Angliai Johanna skót királyné" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Јована (кралица на Шкотска) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јована (кралица на Шкотска)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johanna_van_Engeland_(1321-1362)" title="Johanna van Engeland (1321-1362) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Johanna van Engeland (1321-1362)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%83%96%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B6%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC" title="ジョーン・オブ・ザ・タワー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョーン・オブ・ザ・タワー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joanna_av_Tower" title="Joanna av Tower – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Joanna av Tower" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joanna_z_Tower" title="Joanna z Tower – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Joanna z Tower" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joana_de_Inglaterra" title="Joana de Inglaterra – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Joana de Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Джоан Тауэрская – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Джоан Тауэрская" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_of_the_Tower" title="Joan of the Tower – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Joan of the Tower" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joanna_av_England" title="Joanna av England – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Joanna av England" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Joan of the Tower</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Joan_Queen_of_Scotland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Joan_Queen_of_Scotland.jpg" decoding="async" width="184" height="343" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="184" data-file-height="343" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Queen Joan depicted in the 1591 Seton Armorial</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Queen_consort_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen consort of Scotland">Queen consort of Scotland</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tenure</th><td class="infobox-data">7 June 1329 – 7 September 1362</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Coronation" title="Coronation">Coronation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">24 November 1331</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">5 July 1321<br /><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a>, London, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">7 September 1362 (aged 41)<br /><a href="/wiki/Hertford_Castle" title="Hertford Castle">Hertford Castle</a>, Hertfordshire, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Christ_Church_Greyfriars" title="Christ Church Greyfriars">Christ Church Greyfriars</a>, London</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/David_II_of_Scotland" title="David II of Scotland">David II of Scotland</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1328)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Plantagenet" title="House of Plantagenet">Plantagenet</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edward_II_of_England" title="Edward II of England">Edward II of England</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_France" title="Isabella of France">Isabella of France</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Joan of the Tower</b> (5 July 1321 – 7 September 1362), daughter of <a href="/wiki/Edward_II_of_England" title="Edward II of England">Edward II of England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_France" title="Isabella of France">Isabella of France</a>, was <a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_royal_consorts" title="List of Scottish royal consorts">Queen of Scotland</a> from 1329 to her death as the first wife of <a href="/wiki/David_II_of_Scotland" title="David II of Scotland">King David II</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joan_of_the_Tower&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The youngest daughter of <a href="/wiki/Edward_II_of_England" title="Edward II of England">King Edward II of England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_France" title="Isabella of France">Isabella of France</a>, Joan was born in the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a> on 5 July 1321.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPanton2011281_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPanton2011281-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She and her sister, <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Woodstock" title="Eleanor of Woodstock">Eleanor of Woodstock</a>, were placed under the guardianship of <a href="/wiki/Ralph_de_Monthermer,_1st_Baron_Monthermer" title="Ralph de Monthermer, 1st Baron Monthermer">Ralph de Monthermer</a> and Lady Isabella de Valence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarner2016170_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarner2016170-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Edinburgh%E2%80%93Northampton" title="Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton">Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton</a>, Joan was married on 17 July 1328 to <a href="/wiki/David_II_of_Scotland" title="David II of Scotland">David</a>, the son and heir of <a href="/wiki/Robert_the_Bruce" title="Robert the Bruce">Robert the Bruce</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Berwick-upon-Tweed" title="Berwick-upon-Tweed">Berwick-upon-Tweed</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall200336_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall200336-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was seven years old and he was four at the time of their marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastor2011313_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECastor2011313-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their marriage lasted 34 years, but it was childless and apparently loveless.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAshley1999551_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAshley1999551-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Filip6_David2_Joan_of_the_Tower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Filip6_David2_Joan_of_the_Tower.jpg/220px-Filip6_David2_Joan_of_the_Tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Filip6_David2_Joan_of_the_Tower.jpg/330px-Filip6_David2_Joan_of_the_Tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Filip6_David2_Joan_of_the_Tower.jpg/440px-Filip6_David2_Joan_of_the_Tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1246" data-file-height="1414" /></a><figcaption>Joan and <a href="/wiki/David_II_of_Scotland" title="David II of Scotland">David II</a> with <a href="/wiki/Philip_VI_of_France" title="Philip VI of France">Philip VI</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Miniature_(illuminated_manuscript)" title="Miniature (illuminated manuscript)">miniature</a> from <a href="/wiki/Froissart%27s_Chronicles" title="Froissart's Chronicles">Froissart's <i>Chronicles</i></a></figcaption></figure><p> On 7 June 1329, <a href="/wiki/Robert_I_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert I of Scotland">Robert I of Scotland</a> died and David became <a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_monarchs" title="List of Scottish monarchs">king</a>. He was crowned at <a href="/wiki/Scone_Abbey" title="Scone Abbey">Scone Abbey</a> in November 1331.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown2004321_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown2004321-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the spring of 1333, Joan's brother, <a href="/wiki/Edward_III_of_England" title="Edward III of England">Edward III of England</a>, invaded Scotland.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrestwich198059_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrestwich198059-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After his victory at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Halidon_Hill" title="Battle of Halidon Hill">Battle of Halidon Hill</a> near Berwick-upon-Tweed in July 1333, David and Joan were sent for safety to France.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPanton2011xxiii_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPanton2011xxiii-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They reached <a href="/wiki/Boulogne-sur-Mer" title="Boulogne-sur-Mer">Boulogne-sur-Mer</a> in May 1334, where they were received by <a href="/wiki/Philip_VI_of_France" title="Philip VI of France">Philip VI</a>, her mother's cousin. Little is known about the life of the Scottish king and queen in France, except that they took up residence at <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_Gaillard" title="Château Gaillard">Château Gaillard</a> and Philip treated them with regard.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall200337_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall200337-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, David's representatives had obtained the upper hand in Scotland, and David and Joan were thus able to return in June 1341, when he took the reins of government into his own hands.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevenson201430_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevenson201430-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> David II was taken prisoner at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neville%27s_Cross" title="Battle of Neville's Cross">Battle of Neville's Cross</a> in County Durham on 17 October 1346,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevenson201433_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevenson201433-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and remained imprisoned in England for eleven years. Although Edward III allowed Joan to visit her husband in the Tower of London a few times, she did not become pregnant.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall200338_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall200338-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After his release in 1357, she decided to remain in England.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall200338_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall200338-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Joan was close to her mother, whom she nursed during her last days.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMortimer2008338_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMortimer2008338-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After years of being estranged from her husband, David II, Joan died in 1362, aged 41, at <a href="/wiki/Hertford_Castle" title="Hertford Castle">Hertford Castle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire" title="Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarner2020310_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarner2020310-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancestry">Ancestry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joan_of_the_Tower&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ancestry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886387087">.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}</style><div class="noresize"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin:0.3em auto;clear:none;min-width:60em;width:auto;font-size:88%;border:1px solid #aaa"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none;color:inherit;width:auto">Ancestors of Joan of the Tower<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaclaganLouda199917_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaclaganLouda199917-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><table class="ahnentafel" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">8. <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_England" title="Henry III of England">Henry III of England</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">4. <a href="/wiki/Edward_I_of_England" title="Edward I of England">Edward I of England</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">9. <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Provence" title="Eleanor of Provence">Eleanor of Provence</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">2. <a href="/wiki/Edward_II_of_England" title="Edward II of England">Edward II of England</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">10. <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III_of_Castile" title="Ferdinand III of Castile">Ferdinand III of Castile</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">5. <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Castile" title="Eleanor of Castile">Eleanor of Castile</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">11. <a href="/wiki/Joan,_Countess_of_Ponthieu" title="Joan, Countess of Ponthieu">Joan, Countess of Ponthieu</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fcc;">1. <b>Joan of The Tower</b></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">12. <a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_France" title="Philip III of France">Philip III of France</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">6. <a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_France" title="Philip IV of France">Philip IV of France</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">13. <a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Aragon,_Queen_of_France" title="Isabella of Aragon, Queen of France">Isabella of Aragon</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">3. <a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_France" title="Isabella of France">Isabella of France</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">14. <a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_Navarre" title="Henry I of Navarre">Henry I of Navarre</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">7. <a href="/wiki/Joan_I_of_Navarre" title="Joan I of Navarre">Joan I of Navarre</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">15. <a href="/wiki/Blanche_of_Artois" title="Blanche of Artois">Blanche of Artois</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joan_of_the_Tower&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPanton2011281-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPanton2011281_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPanton2011">Panton 2011</a>, p. 281.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarner2016170-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarner2016170_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWarner2016">Warner 2016</a>, p. 170.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall200336-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall200336_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarshall2003">Marshall 2003</a>, p. 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECastor2011313-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastor2011313_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCastor2011">Castor 2011</a>, p. 313.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAshley1999551-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAshley1999551_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAshley1999">Ashley 1999</a>, p. 551.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown2004321-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown2004321_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrown2004">Brown 2004</a>, p. 321.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrestwich198059-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrestwich198059_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPrestwich1980">Prestwich 1980</a>, p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPanton2011xxiii-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPanton2011xxiii_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPanton2011">Panton 2011</a>, p. xxiii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall200337-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall200337_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarshall2003">Marshall 2003</a>, p. 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevenson201430-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevenson201430_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStevenson2014">Stevenson 2014</a>, p. 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevenson201433-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevenson201433_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStevenson2014">Stevenson 2014</a>, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall200338-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall200338_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall200338_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarshall2003">Marshall 2003</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMortimer2008338-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMortimer2008338_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMortimer2008">Mortimer 2008</a>, p. 338.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarner2020310-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarner2020310_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWarner2020">Warner 2020</a>, p. 310.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaclaganLouda199917-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaclaganLouda199917_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaclaganLouda1999">Maclagan & Louda 1999</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joan_of_the_Tower&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAshley1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Ashley_(writer)" title="Mike Ashley (writer)">Ashley, Mike</a> (1999). <i>The Mammoth Book of British Kings and Queens</i>. London: Robinson Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0786706921" title="Special:BookSources/978-0786706921"><bdi>978-0786706921</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mammoth+Book+of+British+Kings+and+Queens&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Robinson+Publishers&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0786706921&rft.aulast=Ashley&rft.aufirst=Mike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+the+Tower" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Brown_(historian)" title="Michael Brown (historian)">Brown, Michael</a> (2004). <i>The Wars of Scotland, 1214–1371</i>. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0748612383" title="Special:BookSources/978-0748612383"><bdi>978-0748612383</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wars+of+Scotland%2C+1214%E2%80%931371&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0748612383&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+the+Tower" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCastor2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Helen_Castor" title="Helen Castor">Castor, Helen</a> (2011). <i>She-Wolves: The Women Who Ruled England Before Elizabeth</i>. London: Faber & Faber. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0571237067" title="Special:BookSources/978-0571237067"><bdi>978-0571237067</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=She-Wolves%3A+The+Women+Who+Ruled+England+Before+Elizabeth&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Faber+%26+Faber&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0571237067&rft.aulast=Castor&rft.aufirst=Helen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+the+Tower" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaclaganLouda1999" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Maclagan" title="Michael Maclagan">Maclagan, Michael</a>; Louda, Jiří (1999), <i>Line of Succession: Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe</i>, London: Little, Brown & Co, p. 17, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85605-469-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-85605-469-1"><bdi>1-85605-469-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Line+of+Succession%3A+Heraldry+of+the+Royal+Families+of+Europe&rft.place=London&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown+%26+Co&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1-85605-469-1&rft.aulast=Maclagan&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Louda%2C+Ji%C5%99%C3%AD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+the+Tower" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshall2003" class="citation book cs1">Marshall, Rosalind (2003). <i>Scottish Queens 1034–1714</i>. East Linton: Tuckwell Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781862322714" title="Special:BookSources/9781862322714"><bdi>9781862322714</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scottish+Queens+1034%E2%80%931714&rft.place=East+Linton&rft.pub=Tuckwell+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9781862322714&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=Rosalind&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+the+Tower" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMortimer2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Mortimer_(historian)" title="Ian Mortimer (historian)">Mortimer, Ian</a> (2008). <i>The Perfect King The Life of Edward III, Father of the English Nation</i>. London: Vintage. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0099527091" title="Special:BookSources/978-0099527091"><bdi>978-0099527091</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Perfect+King+The+Life+of+Edward+III%2C+Father+of+the+English+Nation&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Vintage&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0099527091&rft.aulast=Mortimer&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+the+Tower" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPanton2011" class="citation book cs1">Panton, James (2011). <i>Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy</i>. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+British+Monarchy&rft.place=Lanham%2C+MD&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Panton&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+the+Tower" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0810857797" title="Special:BookSources/978-0810857797">978-0810857797</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrestwich1980" class="citation book cs1">Prestwich, Michael (1980). <i>The Three Edwards: War and State in England, 1272-1377</i>. Routledge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Three+Edwards%3A+War+and+State+in+England%2C+1272-1377&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Prestwich&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+the+Tower" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStevenson2014" class="citation book cs1">Stevenson, Katie (2014). <i>Power and Propaganda: Scotland 1306-1488</i>. Edinburgh University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Power+and+Propaganda%3A+Scotland+1306-1488&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Stevenson&rft.aufirst=Katie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+the+Tower" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarner2016" class="citation book cs1">Warner, Kathryn (2016). <i>Isabella of France: The Rebel Queen</i>. Amberley Publishing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Isabella+of+France%3A+The+Rebel+Queen&rft.pub=Amberley+Publishing&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Warner&rft.aufirst=Kathryn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+the+Tower" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarner2020" class="citation book cs1">Warner, Kathryn (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Yf-3DwAAQBAJ&dq=Joan+of+the+Tower+queen+joan+wife+of+David+II+sister+of+edward+III&pg=PT310"><i>Philippa of Hainault: Mother of the English Nation</i></a>. Amberley Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4456-6280-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4456-6280-0"><bdi>978-1-4456-6280-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Philippa+of+Hainault%3A+Mother+of+the+English+Nation&rft.pub=Amberley+Publishing&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-4456-6280-0&rft.aulast=Warner&rft.aufirst=Kathryn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYf-3DwAAQBAJ%26dq%3DJoan%2Bof%2Bthe%2BTower%2Bqueen%2Bjoan%2Bwife%2Bof%2BDavid%2BII%2Bsister%2Bof%2Bedward%2BIII%26pg%3DPT310&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoan+of+the+Tower" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;">Royal consorts in England until 1603</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Royal consorts in Scotland until 1603</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;padding: 0 0.5em; text-align:center;width:50%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfgifu_of_Shaftesbury" title="Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury">Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelfl%C3%A6d_of_Damerham" title="Æthelflæd of Damerham">Æthelflæd of Damerham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfgifu_(wife_of_Eadwig)" title="Ælfgifu (wife of Eadwig)">Ælfgifu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfthryth_(wife_of_Edgar)" title="Ælfthryth (wife of Edgar)">Ælfthryth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfgifu_of_York" title="Ælfgifu of York">Ælfgifu of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigrid_the_Haughty" title="Sigrid the Haughty">Sigrid the Haughty</a>/<a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awi%C4%99tos%C5%82awa" title="Świętosława">Świętosława</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ealdgyth_(wife_of_Edmund_Ironside)" title="Ealdgyth (wife of Edmund Ironside)">Ealdgyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_of_Normandy" title="Emma of Normandy">Emma of Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_of_Wessex" title="Edith of Wessex">Edith of Wessex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_of_Mercia" title="Edith of Mercia">Edith of Mercia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_of_Flanders" title="Matilda of Flanders">Matilda of Flanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_of_Scotland" title="Matilda of Scotland">Matilda of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adeliza_of_Louvain" title="Adeliza of Louvain">Adeliza of Louvain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_I,_Countess_of_Boulogne" title="Matilda I, Countess of Boulogne">Matilda of Boulogne</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Plantagenet,_Count_of_Anjou" title="Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou">Geoffrey Plantagenet</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Aquitaine" title="Eleanor of Aquitaine">Eleanor of Aquitaine</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_France,_Queen_of_England_and_Hungary" title="Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary">Margaret of France</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berengaria_of_Navarre" title="Berengaria of Navarre">Berengaria of Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Isabella of Angoulême">Isabella of Angoulême</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blanche_of_Castile" title="Blanche of Castile">Blanche of Castile</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Provence" title="Eleanor of Provence">Eleanor of Provence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Castile" title="Eleanor of Castile">Eleanor of Castile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_France,_Queen_of_England" title="Margaret of France, Queen of England">Margaret of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_France" title="Isabella of France">Isabella of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippa_of_Hainault" title="Philippa of Hainault">Philippa of Hainault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Bohemia" title="Anne of Bohemia">Anne of Bohemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Valois" title="Isabella of Valois">Isabella of Valois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Navarre,_Queen_of_England" title="Joan of Navarre, Queen of England">Joan of Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Valois" title="Catherine of Valois">Catherine of Valois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Anjou" title="Margaret of Anjou">Margaret of Anjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Woodville" title="Elizabeth Woodville">Elizabeth Woodville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Neville" title="Anne Neville">Anne Neville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_York" title="Elizabeth of York">Elizabeth of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Aragon" title="Catherine of Aragon">Catherine of Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Boleyn" title="Anne Boleyn">Anne Boleyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Seymour" title="Jane Seymour">Jane Seymour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Cleves" title="Anne of Cleves">Anne of Cleves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Howard" title="Catherine Howard">Catherine Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Parr" title="Catherine Parr">Catherine Parr</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lord_Guildford_Dudley" title="Lord Guildford Dudley">Guildford Dudley</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding: 0 0.5em; text-align:center;width:50%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gruoch" title="Gruoch">Gruoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingibiorg_Finnsdottir" title="Ingibiorg Finnsdottir">Ingibiorg Finnsdottir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Margaret_of_Scotland" title="Saint Margaret of Scotland">Margaret of Wessex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethelreda_(daughter_of_Gospatric)" title="Ethelreda (daughter of Gospatric)">Ethelreda of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sybilla_of_Normandy" title="Sybilla of Normandy">Sybilla of Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maud,_Countess_of_Huntingdon" title="Maud, Countess of Huntingdon">Maud of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermengarde_de_Beaumont" title="Ermengarde de Beaumont">Ermengarde de Beaumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_England,_Queen_of_Scotland" title="Joan of England, Queen of Scotland">Joan of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_de_Coucy" title="Marie de Coucy">Marie de Coucy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_England" title="Margaret of England">Margaret of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yolande_of_Dreux,_Queen_of_Scotland" title="Yolande of Dreux, Queen of Scotland">Yolande de Dreux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_de_Burgh" title="Elizabeth de Burgh">Elizabeth de Burgh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joan of the Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Drummond,_Queen_of_Scotland" title="Margaret Drummond, Queen of Scotland">Margaret Drummond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphemia_de_Ross" title="Euphemia de Ross">Euphemia de Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabella_Drummond" title="Anabella Drummond">Anabella Drummond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Beaufort,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scots">Joan Beaufort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Guelders" title="Mary of Guelders">Mary of Guelders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Denmark,_Queen_of_Scotland" title="Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland">Margaret of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Tudor" title="Margaret Tudor">Margaret Tudor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_of_Valois" title="Madeleine of Valois">Madeleine of Valois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Guise" title="Mary of Guise">Mary of Guise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II_of_France" title="Francis II of France">Francis II of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Stuart,_Lord_Darnley" title="Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley">Henry Stuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hepburn,_4th_Earl_of_Bothwell" title="James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell">James Hepburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Denmark" title="Anne of Denmark">Anne of Denmark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_Royal_consorts_in_England_and_Scotland_after_the_Union_of_the_Crowns_from_1603"> <ul><li><b>Royal consorts in England and Scotland after the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Crowns" title="Union of the Crowns">Union of the Crowns</a> from 1603</b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Denmark" title="Anne of Denmark">Anne of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Maria_of_France" title="Henrietta Maria of France">Henrietta Maria of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Braganza" title="Catherine of Braganza">Catherine of Braganza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Modena" title="Mary of Modena">Mary of Modena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_George_of_Denmark" title="Prince George of Denmark">George of Denmark and Norway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_British_royal_consorts_after_the_Acts_of_Union_1707"> <ul><li><b>British royal consorts after the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">Acts of Union 1707</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_George_of_Denmark" title="Prince George of Denmark">George of Denmark and Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_of_Ansbach" title="Caroline of Ansbach">Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_of_Mecklenburg-Strelitz" title="Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz">Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_of_Brunswick" title="Caroline of Brunswick">Caroline of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelaide_of_Saxe-Meiningen" title="Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen">Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_of_Denmark" title="Alexandra of Denmark">Alexandra of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Teck" title="Mary of Teck">Mary of Teck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother" title="Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother">Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Philip of Greece and Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Camilla" title="Queen Camilla">Camilla Shand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Spouses of debatable or disputed rulers are in <i>italics</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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