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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Raid on Lunenburg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Raid_on_Lunenburg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_fiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Lunenburg,_Nova_Scotia_(1756)" title="Raid on Lunenburg, Nova Scotia (1756)">Raid on Lunenburg, Nova Scotia (1756)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Raid on Lunenburg</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SackofLunenburgByAJWrightNSARMno1979-147no64.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/SackofLunenburgByAJWrightNSARMno1979-147no64.jpg/300px-SackofLunenburgByAJWrightNSARMno1979-147no64.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/SackofLunenburgByAJWrightNSARMno1979-147no64.jpg/450px-SackofLunenburgByAJWrightNSARMno1979-147no64.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/SackofLunenburgByAJWrightNSARMno1979-147no64.jpg/600px-SackofLunenburgByAJWrightNSARMno1979-147no64.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="524" /></a></span><br />Brigantine MA Hope (<a href="/wiki/Herbert_Woodbury" title="Herbert Woodbury">Herbert Woodbury</a>) and Schooner MA Scammell (<a href="/wiki/Noah_Stoddard" title="Noah Stoddard">Noah Stoddard</a>),<br /> Raid on Lunenburg (1782) by A.J. Wright</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>July 1, 1782</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Lunenburg,_Nova_Scotia" title="Lunenburg, Nova Scotia">Lunenburg, Nova Scotia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> American victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span data-sort-value="Great Britain"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a></span></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span data-sort-value="United States"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/John_Creighton_(judge)" title="John Creighton (judge)">John Creighton</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/POW" class="mw-redirect" title="POW">POW</a>)</small> <br /><a href="/wiki/Dettlieb_Christopher_Jessen" title="Dettlieb Christopher Jessen">Dettlieb Christopher Jessen</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Pernette" title="Joseph Pernette">Joseph Pernette</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlob_Schmeisser" title="Johann Gottlob Schmeisser">Johann Gottlob Schmeisser</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Noah_Stoddard" title="Noah Stoddard">Noah Stoddard</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/George_Wait_Babcock" title="George Wait Babcock">George Wait Babcock</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_Powers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gregory Powers (page does not exist)">Gregory Powers</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Woodbury" title="Herbert Woodbury">Herbert Woodbury</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Tibbets&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Tibbets (page does not exist)">John Tibbets</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Unknown</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 5 vessels<br />170 crew members</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 1 killed; 3 prisoners</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 4 wounded<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Northern_theater_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War_after_Saratoga" title="Northern theater of the American Revolutionary War after Saratoga"><span class="wrap">Northern coastal theater</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ridgefield" title="Battle of Ridgefield">Ridgefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meigs_Raid" title="Meigs Raid">Sag Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Machias_(1777)" title="Battle of Machias (1777)">2nd Machias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Setauket" title="Battle of Setauket">Setauket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Hope_Bay_raids" title="Mount Hope Bay raids">Mount Hope Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rhode_Island" title="Battle of Rhode Island">Newport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey%27s_raid" title="Grey's raid">Grey's raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chestnut_Neck" title="Battle of Chestnut Neck">Chestnut Neck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affair_at_Little_Egg_Harbor" title="Affair at Little Egg Harbor">Little Egg Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tryon%27s_raid" title="Tryon's raid">Tryon's raid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Norwalk" title="Battle of Norwalk">Norwalk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burning_of_Fairfield_(1779)" title="Burning of Fairfield (1779)">Fairfield</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penobscot_Expedition" title="Penobscot Expedition">Penobscot Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_off_Cape_Split" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle off Cape Split">Cape Split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_St._George" title="Battle of Fort St. George">Fort St. George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Annapolis_Royal_(1781)" title="Raid on Annapolis Royal (1781)">Annapolis Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_2_September_1781" title="Action of 2 September 1781">Cape Ann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Groton_Heights" title="Battle of Groton Heights">Groton Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Slongo" title="Battle of Fort Slongo">Fort Slongo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lunenburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="American_Revolution_Nova_Scotia_theatre" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_American_Revolutionary_War:_Nova_Scotia_theatre" title="Template:Campaignbox American Revolutionary War: Nova Scotia theatre"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_American_Revolutionary_War:_Nova_Scotia_theatre" title="Template talk:Campaignbox American Revolutionary War: Nova Scotia theatre"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_American_Revolutionary_War:_Nova_Scotia_theatre" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox American Revolutionary War: Nova Scotia theatre"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="American_Revolution_Nova_Scotia_theatre" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_in_the_American_Revolution" title="Nova Scotia in the American Revolution"><span class="wrap">American Revolution Nova Scotia theatre</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Saint_John" title="Raid on Saint John">Saint John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Charlottetown_(1775)" title="Raid on Charlottetown (1775)">Charlottetown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Yarmouth,_Nova_Scotia_(1775)" title="Raid on Yarmouth, Nova Scotia (1775)">Yarmouth 1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Canso_(1776)" title="Raid on Canso (1776)">Canso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maugerville#Maugerville_Rebellion" title="Maugerville">Maugerville Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Cumberland" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Fort Cumberland">Fort Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_off_Yarmouth_(1777)" title="Battle off Yarmouth (1777)">Yarmouth 2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._John_River_expedition" title="St. John River expedition">St. John River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_USS_Hancock" title="Capture of USS Hancock">Capture of USS <i>Hancock</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_off_Liverpool,_Nova_Scotia_(1778)" title="Battle off Liverpool, Nova Scotia (1778)">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miramichi,_New_Brunswick#American_Revolution_and_Battle_at_Miramichi_(1779)" title="Miramichi, New Brunswick">Raid on Miramichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_off_Halifax_(1780)" title="Battle off Halifax (1780)">1st Halifax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Blomindon" title="Battle of Blomindon">Blomindon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_battle_off_Cape_Breton" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval battle off Cape Breton">Cape Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Annapolis_Royal_(1781)" title="Raid on Annapolis Royal (1781)">Annapolis Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Blonde_(1760)" title="HMS Blonde (1760)">Blonde Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_off_Halifax_(1782)" title="Battle off Halifax (1782)">2nd Halifax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Chester,_Nova_Scotia" title="Raid on Chester, Nova Scotia">Chester</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lunenburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The <b>Raid on Lunenburg</b> (also known as the <a href="/wiki/Looting" title="Looting">Sack</a> of Lunenburg) occurred during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> when the US <a href="/wiki/Privateer" title="Privateer">privateer</a>, Captain <a href="/wiki/Noah_Stoddard" title="Noah Stoddard">Noah Stoddard</a> of <a href="/wiki/Fairhaven,_Massachusetts" title="Fairhaven, Massachusetts">Fairhaven, Massachusetts</a>, and four other privateer vessels attacked the British settlement at <a href="/wiki/Lunenburg,_Nova_Scotia" title="Lunenburg, Nova Scotia">Lunenburg, Nova Scotia</a> on July 1, 1782.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The raid was the last major privateer attack on a Nova Scotia community during the war. </p><p>Lunenburg was defended by militia leaders Colonel <a href="/wiki/John_Creighton_(judge)" title="John Creighton (judge)">John Creighton</a> and Major <a href="/wiki/Dettlieb_Christopher_Jessen" title="Dettlieb Christopher Jessen">Dettlieb Christopher Jessen</a>. In Nova Scotia, the assault on Lunenburg was the most spectacular raid of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-Gwyn75_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gwyn75-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the morning of July 1, Stoddard led approximately 170 US privateers in four heavily armed vessels and overpowered Lunenburg’s defence, capturing the blockhouses, burning Creighton's home, and filling Jessen's house with bullet holes. The privateers then looted the settlement and kept the militia at bay with the threat of destroying the entire town. The American privateers plundered the town and took three prisoners, including Creighton, who were later released from Boston without a ransom having been paid.<sup id="cite_ref-Gwyn75_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gwyn75-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raid_on_Lunenburg,_Nova_Scotia_(1782)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RaidOnLunenburgNovaScotia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/RaidOnLunenburgNovaScotia.jpg/220px-RaidOnLunenburgNovaScotia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/RaidOnLunenburgNovaScotia.jpg/330px-RaidOnLunenburgNovaScotia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/RaidOnLunenburgNovaScotia.jpg/440px-RaidOnLunenburgNovaScotia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1296" data-file-height="968" /></a><figcaption> Raid on Lunenburg (1782) – <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada" title="National Historic Sites of Canada">National Historic Sites of Canada</a> Plaque with <a href="/wiki/Earthworks_(archaeology)" title="Earthworks (archaeology)">earthworks</a> of Blockhouse Hill in background, Lunenburg, Nova Scotia</figcaption></figure> <p>During the American Revolution, <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> was invaded regularly by American Revolutionary forces by land and sea. Throughout the war, American <a href="/wiki/Privateer" title="Privateer">privateers</a> devastated the maritime economy by raiding many of the coastal communities. There were constant attacks by privateers,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which had begun seven years earlier with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raid_on_Saint_John_(1775)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raid on Saint John (1775) (page does not exist)">Raid on Saint John (1775)</a> and included raids on all the major outposts in Nova Scotia.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lunenburg was engaged with American privateers numerous times during the war. In 1775 the <a href="/wiki/84th_Regiment_of_Foot_(Royal_Highland_Emigrants)" title="84th Regiment of Foot (Royal Highland Emigrants)">84th Regiment</a>, led by Captain John MacDonald, had been defending Nova Scotia, attacking an American privateer ship off of Lunenburg. They boarded the warship when some of her crew were ashore seeking plunder. They captured the crew and sailed her into <a href="/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia" title="Halifax, Nova Scotia">Halifax</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 1778 Colonel Creighton appealed to the Government to address the "Mischiefs done to the settlement of Lunenburg by the New England Privateers." In response, the government ordered the armed vessel <i>Loyal Nova Scotian</i> to Lunenburg.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On February 25, 1780, while the American privateer <i>Sally</i> floated in Lunenburg harbour under the command of Moses Tinney, four American privateers came ashore for provisions. Colonel Creighton ordered the privateers to be taken prisoner and fired at their <a href="/wiki/Brigantine" title="Brigantine">brigantine</a> <i>Sally</i>. Creighton then ordered two boats of men to board <i>Sally</i>, but the privateers resisted. Creighton ordered the <a href="/wiki/Blockhouse" title="Blockhouse">blockhouse</a> to fire two guns at the privateer. <i>Sally</i> surrendered and the privateers were taken prisoner and <i>Sally</i> brought to Halifax.<sup id="cite_ref-pp._310–311_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pp._310–311-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 18, 1780, the Lunenburg militia secured the American prisoners taken from the American privateer <i>Kitty</i> on the <a href="/wiki/LaHave_River" title="LaHave River">LaHave River</a>. They took the vessel back to Lunenburg and sold it.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A month later, on April 15, 1780, the Lunenburg militia (35 men) and the British brigantine <i>John and Rachael</i> captured an American privateer <a href="/wiki/Prize" title="Prize">prize</a>, also named <i>Sally</i>, off LaHave River.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the seizure, the privateers killed the head of the militia (McDonald) and wounded two of the crew members of <i>John and Rachael</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-pp._310–311_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pp._310–311-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 15, 1782, Captain Amos Potter, released after the <a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Annapolis_Royal_(1781)" title="Raid on Annapolis Royal (1781)">Raid on Annapolis Royal (1781)</a>, returned from Boston in the <i>Resolution</i> and captured the <a href="/wiki/Schooner" title="Schooner">schooner</a> <i>Two Sisters</i> off <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pearl_Island,_Mahone_Bay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pearl Island, Mahone Bay (page does not exist)">Pearl Island, Mahone Bay</a> (formerly Green Island), stole all the provisions on board, and released it.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following month Stoddard's vessel <i>Scammell</i> was commissioned in April 1782 and made the plan in Boston to raid Lunenburg.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon after, he rescued the 60 American prisoners on board <a href="/wiki/HMS_Blonde_(1760)" title="HMS Blonde (1760)">HMS <i>Blonde</i></a>, which was wrecked on <a href="/wiki/Seal_Island,_Nova_Scotia" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal Island, Nova Scotia">Seal Island, Nova Scotia</a>. Stoddard allowed the British crew to return to Halifax in <a href="/w/index.php?title=HMS_Observer_(1781)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HMS Observer (1781) (page does not exist)">HMS <i>Observer</i></a> (which was involved in the <a href="/wiki/Naval_battle_off_Halifax" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval battle off Halifax">Naval battle off Halifax</a> en route).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jonathan_Prescott,_Chester,_Nova_Scotia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Jonathan_Prescott%2C_Chester%2C_Nova_Scotia.png/220px-Jonathan_Prescott%2C_Chester%2C_Nova_Scotia.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Jonathan_Prescott%2C_Chester%2C_Nova_Scotia.png 1.5x" data-file-width="315" data-file-height="379" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Prescott_(military_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonathan Prescott (military officer)">Jonathan Prescott</a> (1725–1807), Chester, Nova Scotia</figcaption></figure> <p>On June 30, the day before the raid on Lunenburg, Stoddard and two other privateers <a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Chester,_Nova_Scotia" title="Raid on Chester, Nova Scotia">descended on Chester, Nova Scotia</a> firing cannon from their vessels. Captain of the militia <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Prescott_(military_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonathan Prescott (military officer)">Jonathan Prescott</a> informed the privateers that the military forces were gone from Lunenburg and were headed to Chester. In response, the American privateers left Chester and went on to attack Lunenburg. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Raid_on_Lunenburg">Raid on Lunenburg</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raid_on_Lunenburg,_Nova_Scotia_(1782)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Raid on Lunenburg"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="font-size:95%;padding-bottom:.8em;padding-top:.3em;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Military_history_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Category:Military history of Nova Scotia"><b>a series</b></a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:135%;"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Military history of Nova Scotia">Military history of Nova Scotia</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Citadel_hill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Citadel_hill.jpg/250px-Citadel_hill.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Citadel_hill.jpg/375px-Citadel_hill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Citadel_hill.jpg/500px-Citadel_hill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="897" data-file-height="504" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><a href="/wiki/Citadel_Hill_(Fort_George)" title="Citadel Hill (Fort George)">Citadel Hill</a> in <a href="/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia" title="Halifax, Nova Scotia">Halifax</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#eee;padding-left:.1em;;color: var(--color-base)">Notable events</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Port_Royal_(1690)" title="Battle of Port Royal (1690)">Battle of Port Royal</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right;">1690</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Port_Royal_(1710)" title="Siege of Port Royal (1710)">Siege of Port Royal</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right;">1710</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Winnepang" title="Battle of Winnepang">Battle of Winnepang</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right;">1722</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Coast_Campaign_(1745)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeast Coast Campaign (1745)">Northeast Coast Campaign</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right;">1745</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grand_Pr%C3%A9" title="Battle of Grand Pré">Battle of Grand Pré</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right;">1747</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Dartmouth_(1751)" title="Raid on Dartmouth (1751)">Dartmouth Massacre</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right;">1751</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Fundy_Campaign_(1755)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bay of Fundy Campaign (1755)">Bay of Fundy Campaign</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right;">1755</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Louisbourg_(1758)" title="Siege of Louisbourg (1758)">Siege of Louisbourg</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right;">1758</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_Dockyard,_Halifax" title="Royal Naval Dockyard, Halifax">Royal Naval Dockyard, Halifax</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right;">1758</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Halifax_Treaties" class="mw-redirect" title="Halifax Treaties">Halifax Treaties</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right;">1760–1761</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Cumberland" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Fort Cumberland">Battle of Fort Cumberland</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right;">1776</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Raid on Lunenburg</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right;">1782</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/New_Ireland_(Maine)#War_of_1812" title="New Ireland (Maine)">Establishment of New Ireland</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right;">1812</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_USS_Chesapeake" title="Capture of USS Chesapeake">Capture of USS <i>Chesapeake</i></a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right;">1813</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Great_Redan" title="Battle of the Great Redan">‪Battle of the Great Redan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right;">1855</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Lucknow" title="Siege of Lucknow">‪Siege of Lucknow</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right;">1857</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/CSS_Tallahassee" title="CSS Tallahassee">CSS <i>Tallahassee</i> escape</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right;">1861</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Halifax_Provisional_Battalion" title="Halifax Provisional Battalion">‪Halifax Provisional Battalion</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right;">1885</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Witpoort" title="Battle of Witpoort">‪Battle of Witpoort</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right;">1899</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Paardeberg" title="Battle of Paardeberg">‪Battle of Paardeberg</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right;">1899</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Amherst_Internment_Camp" title="Amherst Internment Camp">Imprisonment of Leon Trotsky</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right;">1917</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Fort_Edward_(Nova_Scotia)#World_War_I" title="Fort Edward (Nova Scotia)">Jewish Legion formed</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right;">1917</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/HMHS_Llandovery_Castle" title="HMHS Llandovery Castle">Sinking of <i>Llandovery Castle</i></a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right;">1918</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_St._Lawrence" title="Battle of the St. Lawrence">Battle of the St. Lawrence</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right;">1942–1944</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/SS_Point_Pleasant_Park" title="SS Point Pleasant Park">Sinking of <i>Point Pleasant Park</i></a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right;">1945</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Halifax_riot" title="Halifax riot">Halifax VE-Day riot</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right;">1945</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#eee;padding-left:.1em;;color: var(--color-base)">Notable regiments</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Mi%E2%80%99kmaq_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Military history of the Mi’kmaq people">Mi'kmaq militias</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right">1677–1779</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Acadians" title="Military history of the Acadians">Acadian militias</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right">1689–1761</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/40th_(the_2nd_Somersetshire)_Regiment_of_Foot" title="40th (the 2nd Somersetshire) Regiment of Foot">40th Regiment of Foot</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right">1717–1757</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Louisbourg_Garrison" title="Louisbourg Garrison">Louisbourg Garrison</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right">1717–1758</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Gorham%27s_Rangers" title="Gorham's Rangers">Gorham's Rangers</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right">1744–1762</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Danks%27_Rangers" title="Danks' Rangers">Danks' Rangers</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right">1756–1762</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/84th_Regiment_of_Foot_(Royal_Highland_Emigrants)" title="84th Regiment of Foot (Royal Highland Emigrants)">84th Regiment of Foot</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right">1775–1784</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Fencible_American_Regiment" title="Royal Fencible American Regiment">Royal Fencible American</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right">1775–1783</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Nova_Scotia_Volunteer_Regiment" title="Royal Nova Scotia Volunteer Regiment">Royal Nova Scotia Volunteers</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right">1775–1783</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Orange_Rangers" title="King's Orange Rangers">King's Orange Rangers</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right">1776–1783</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/1st_(Halifax-Dartmouth)_Field_Artillery_Regiment" title="1st (Halifax-Dartmouth) Field Artillery Regiment">1st Field Artillery</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right">from 1791</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Nova_Scotia_Regiment" title="Royal Nova Scotia Regiment">Royal Nova Scotia</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right">1793–1802</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_Fencibles" title="Nova Scotia Fencibles">Nova Scotia Fencibles</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right">1803–1816</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Halifax_Rifles_(RCAC)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Halifax Rifles (RCAC)">Halifax Rifles</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right">from 1860</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Princess_Louise_Fusiliers" class="mw-redirect" title="The Princess Louise Fusiliers">Princess Louise Fusiliers</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right">from 1867</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/78th_(Highlanders)_Regiment_of_Foot#Halifax,_Nova_Scotia" title="78th (Highlanders) Regiment of Foot">78th Highland</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right">1869–1871</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Highlanders" title="Cape Breton Highlanders">Cape Breton Highlanders</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right">from 1871</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/25th_Battalion_(Nova_Scotia_Rifles),_CEF" title="25th Battalion (Nova Scotia Rifles), CEF">Nova Scotia Rifles</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right">1914–1919</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/No._2_Construction_Battalion" title="No. 2 Construction Battalion">No. 2 Construction Battalion</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right">1916–1919</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/West_Nova_Scotia_Regiment" title="West Nova Scotia Regiment">West Nova Scotia</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right">from 1916</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Nova_Scotia_Highlanders" class="mw-redirect" title="The Nova Scotia Highlanders">Nova Scotia Highlanders</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size:95%; text-align:right">from 1954</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#eee;padding-left:.1em;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captivity_narrative#Nova_Scotia_and_Acadia" title="Captivity narrative">Captivity narratives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impressment_in_Nova_Scotia" title="Impressment in Nova Scotia">Impressment</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #ccc;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_history_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Category:Military history of Nova Scotia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Military_history_of_Nova_Scotia" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Military history of Nova Scotia">Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Military_history_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Template:Military history of Nova Scotia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Military_history_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Template talk:Military history of Nova Scotia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Military_history_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Military history of Nova Scotia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Sacking_of_Lunenburg_by_Suzanne_Conrad,_Rug_Hooking_Museum_of_North_America,_Queensland,_Nova_Scotia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/The_Sacking_of_Lunenburg_by_Suzanne_Conrad%2C_Rug_Hooking_Museum_of_North_America%2C_Queensland%2C_Nova_Scotia.jpg/300px-The_Sacking_of_Lunenburg_by_Suzanne_Conrad%2C_Rug_Hooking_Museum_of_North_America%2C_Queensland%2C_Nova_Scotia.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/The_Sacking_of_Lunenburg_by_Suzanne_Conrad%2C_Rug_Hooking_Museum_of_North_America%2C_Queensland%2C_Nova_Scotia.jpg/450px-The_Sacking_of_Lunenburg_by_Suzanne_Conrad%2C_Rug_Hooking_Museum_of_North_America%2C_Queensland%2C_Nova_Scotia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/The_Sacking_of_Lunenburg_by_Suzanne_Conrad%2C_Rug_Hooking_Museum_of_North_America%2C_Queensland%2C_Nova_Scotia.jpg/600px-The_Sacking_of_Lunenburg_by_Suzanne_Conrad%2C_Rug_Hooking_Museum_of_North_America%2C_Queensland%2C_Nova_Scotia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2942" data-file-height="2273" /></a><figcaption>American Privateers burned blockhouse (top left) and Commanding Officer <a href="/wiki/John_Creighton_(judge)" title="John Creighton (judge)">John Creighton</a>'s home (bottom right), The Sacking of Lunenburg by Suzanne Conrad, Rug Hooking Museum of North America, <a href="/wiki/Queensland,_Nova_Scotia" title="Queensland, Nova Scotia">Queensland, Nova Scotia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>During the early morning of July 1, 1782, five American privateers that had left <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> under the command of Captain Noah Stoddard began to raid Lunenburg. Captain Stoddard's ship was the schooner <i>Scammel</i>, which had sixteen guns and sixty men.<sup id="cite_ref-Gwyn75_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gwyn75-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stoddard organized both a land and sea assault of the town. The vessels first landed at Red Head (present-day <a href="/wiki/Blue_Rocks,_Nova_Scotia" title="Blue Rocks, Nova Scotia">Blue Rocks</a>), two miles outside of the town. From there, <a href="/wiki/George_Wait_Babcock" title="George Wait Babcock">George Wait Babcock</a> led 90 soldiers overland toward the town.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vessels then moved toward a frontal assault on the town. </p><p>The Lunenburg militia of 20 men was led by Colonel <a href="/wiki/John_Creighton_(judge)" title="John Creighton (judge)">John Creighton</a> and Major D.C. Jessen. Colonel Creighton and five other militia men occupied the eastern blockhouse and began firing at the approaching land assault.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several of Captain Stoddard’s privateers were wounded. The landed fleet of privateers then rounded East Point. The vessels landed and quickly took control of the western blockhouse and established themselves at Blockhouse Hill (see image above). Colonel Creighton and others in the blockhouse were cannonaded into silence and the blockhouse burned.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Colonel Creighton surrendered and was taken prisoner along with two other men aboard Captain Stoddard’s vessel <i>Scammel</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Resistance was also offered by Major D.C. Jessen. He was initially held up in his home, which the privateers fired full of bullets. He escaped and his house was looted. Major Jessen assembled with a militia behind the hill overlooking the town. A militia from LaHave under the command of Major Joseph Pernette also advanced toward Lunenburg to join Major Jessen. Captain Stoddard sent a message to Jessen and Pernette informing them that if they advanced on the town, all the homes would be burned. To ensure his threat was not idle, Captain Stoddard burned down Creighton's home.<sup id="cite_ref-ArchibaldMacMechan_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ArchibaldMacMechan-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Captain Stoddard's privateers looted the town and destroyed what remained. The Reverend <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlob_Schmeisser" title="Johann Gottlob Schmeisser">Johann Gottlob Schmeisser</a> tried to intervene, was bound by the privateers, and placed in the middle of town.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rev. Peter de la Roche signed a ransom agreement with American privateers. (De la Roche also became first Anglican minister at <a href="/wiki/Guysborough,_Nova_Scotia_(community)" title="Guysborough, Nova Scotia (community)">Guysborough, Nova Scotia</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Relief came when <a href="/wiki/Sir_Andrew_Hamond,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Andrew Hamond, 1st Baronet">Lt. Governor Hamond</a> dispatched from Halifax three ships under the command of <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Snape_Douglas" title="Andrew Snape Douglas">Captain Douglass</a> of <a href="/wiki/HMS_Chatham_(1758)" title="HMS Chatham (1758)">HMS <i>Chatham</i></a>, one of which had 200 <a href="/wiki/Hessian_(soldiers)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hessian (soldiers)">Hessian soldiers</a> aboard.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Captain Stoddard began the retreat and made his way to Boston with his prisoners. Despite not having received a ransom, Stoddard released Colonel Creighton and the other prisoners after they arrived in Boston.<sup id="cite_ref-ArchibaldMacMechan_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ArchibaldMacMechan-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sylvia, an African working for Creighton, was a significant part of Lunenburg's resistance to the raid. She assisted in supplying munitions to Creighton at the blockhouse and sheltered his son.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, after being released from captivity by Stoddard, she also protected the home and possessions of Major Jessen.<sup id="cite_ref-ArchibaldMacMechan_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ArchibaldMacMechan-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whether Sylvia was a free black or a slave is unknown. According to the <a href="/wiki/St._Paul%27s_Church_(Halifax)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Paul's Church (Halifax)">St. Paul's Church (Halifax)</a> cemetery records, she is listed as a "black servant." She died in Halifax on March 12, 1824 at age 70 and is buried in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Burying_Ground_(Halifax,_Nova_Scotia)" title="Old Burying Ground (Halifax, Nova Scotia)">Old Burying Ground (Halifax, Nova Scotia)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raid_on_Lunenburg,_Nova_Scotia_(1782)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The raid on Lunenburg was the last major privateer attack of the war. On August 29, 1782 American privateer <i>Wasp</i>, with 19 men under the command of Captain Thomas Thompson, captured a vessel off Chester. He then spent two nights on <a href="/wiki/East_Ironbound_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="East Ironbound Island">East Ironbound Island</a>. On September 1 <i>Wasp</i> sailed to <a href="/wiki/Pennant_Point,_Nova_Scotia" title="Pennant Point, Nova Scotia">Pennant Point</a> and was confronted by three men from <a href="/wiki/Sambro,_Nova_Scotia" title="Sambro, Nova Scotia">Sambro, Nova Scotia</a> who fired on the crew, killing one and wounding three others including Captain Thomas Thompson. Captain Perry took command of the vessel and the privateers took one of the Sambro men prisoner. The privateers buried their crew member on an island in Pennant bay. They then began their return to Massachusetts by rowing to <a href="/wiki/West_Dover,_Nova_Scotia" title="West Dover, Nova Scotia">West Dover, Nova Scotia</a> and then on to Cross Island ("Croo Island") just off Lunenburg ("Malegash").<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On September 3, 1782, Henry Vogle of the Lunenburg militia recaptured a <a href="/wiki/Shallop" title="Shallop">shallop</a> taken by American privateers, which was witnessed by those on <i>Wasp</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On September 5, <i>Wasp</i> tried to enter LaHave River but was fired on by the local inhabitants and so continued on to Port Medway.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also on September 1, Captain Powers of the privateer <i>Dolphin</i> was chased ashore at LaHave River by Captain John Crymes of the <i>Observer</i>, who had commanded her earlier in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_off_Halifax_(1782)" title="Battle off Halifax (1782)">Battle off Halifax (1782)</a>. Powers and the crew escaped ashore and Crymes took the <i>Dolphin</i> to Liverpool.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raid_on_Lunenburg,_Nova_Scotia_(1782)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Creighton_Sr.,_St._John%27s_Anglican_Church,_Lunenburg,_Nova_Scotia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Col. John Creighton Sr. - leader of militia; home burned"><img alt="Col. John Creighton Sr. - leader of militia; home burned" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/John_Creighton_Sr.%2C_St._John%27s_Anglican_Church%2C_Lunenburg%2C_Nova_Scotia.jpg/150px-John_Creighton_Sr.%2C_St._John%27s_Anglican_Church%2C_Lunenburg%2C_Nova_Scotia.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/John_Creighton_Sr.%2C_St._John%27s_Anglican_Church%2C_Lunenburg%2C_Nova_Scotia.jpg/225px-John_Creighton_Sr.%2C_St._John%27s_Anglican_Church%2C_Lunenburg%2C_Nova_Scotia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/John_Creighton_Sr.%2C_St._John%27s_Anglican_Church%2C_Lunenburg%2C_Nova_Scotia.jpg/300px-John_Creighton_Sr.%2C_St._John%27s_Anglican_Church%2C_Lunenburg%2C_Nova_Scotia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1092" data-file-height="1454" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/John_Creighton_(judge)" title="John Creighton (judge)">Col. John Creighton Sr. - leader of militia; home burned</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Jessen_Bell,_St._John%27s_Anglican_Church,_Lunenburg,_Nova_Scotia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Jessen Bell - Major D.C. Jessen - leader of militia; home looted"><img alt="The Jessen Bell - Major D.C. Jessen - leader of militia; home looted" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/The_Jessen_Bell%2C_St._John%27s_Anglican_Church%2C_Lunenburg%2C_Nova_Scotia.jpg/150px-The_Jessen_Bell%2C_St._John%27s_Anglican_Church%2C_Lunenburg%2C_Nova_Scotia.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/The_Jessen_Bell%2C_St._John%27s_Anglican_Church%2C_Lunenburg%2C_Nova_Scotia.jpg/225px-The_Jessen_Bell%2C_St._John%27s_Anglican_Church%2C_Lunenburg%2C_Nova_Scotia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/The_Jessen_Bell%2C_St._John%27s_Anglican_Church%2C_Lunenburg%2C_Nova_Scotia.jpg/300px-The_Jessen_Bell%2C_St._John%27s_Anglican_Church%2C_Lunenburg%2C_Nova_Scotia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1224" data-file-height="1632" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Dettlieb_Christopher_Jessen" title="Dettlieb Christopher Jessen">Jessen Bell - Major D.C. Jessen - leader of militia; home looted</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JohannGottlobSchmeisser.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Johann Gottlob Schmeisser"><img alt="Johann Gottlob Schmeisser" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/JohannGottlobSchmeisser.png/141px-JohannGottlobSchmeisser.png" decoding="async" width="141" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/JohannGottlobSchmeisser.png/211px-JohannGottlobSchmeisser.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/JohannGottlobSchmeisser.png 2x" data-file-width="263" data-file-height="373" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlob_Schmeisser" title="Johann Gottlob Schmeisser">Johann Gottlob Schmeisser</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_Andrew_Snape_Douglas.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Captain Andrew Snape Douglas"><img alt="Captain Andrew Snape Douglas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Sir_Andrew_Snape_Douglas.jpg/131px-Sir_Andrew_Snape_Douglas.jpg" decoding="async" width="131" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Sir_Andrew_Snape_Douglas.jpg/197px-Sir_Andrew_Snape_Douglas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Sir_Andrew_Snape_Douglas.jpg/262px-Sir_Andrew_Snape_Douglas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="823" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Captain <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Snape_Douglas" title="Andrew Snape Douglas">Andrew Snape Douglas</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Andrew_Snape_Hamond.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lt. Governor Hamond"><img alt="Lt. Governor Hamond" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Andrew_Snape_Hamond.jpg/153px-Andrew_Snape_Hamond.jpg" decoding="async" width="153" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Andrew_Snape_Hamond.jpg/229px-Andrew_Snape_Hamond.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Andrew_Snape_Hamond.jpg/306px-Andrew_Snape_Hamond.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1161" data-file-height="1519" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Andrew_Hamond,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Andrew Hamond, 1st Baronet">Lt. Governor Hamond</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_fiction">In fiction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raid_on_Lunenburg,_Nova_Scotia_(1782)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Jan Andrews. <i>The Dancing Sun: A Celebration of Canadian Children</i>, 1981</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyce_Barkhouse" title="Joyce Barkhouse">Joyce Barkhouse</a>. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.learnalberta.ca/content/ssvi/017eng_core/0371138-C5_U5_ExploreHeritage.pdf">The Heroine of Lunenburg</a>", with illustrations by Peter Ferguson.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raid_on_Lunenburg,_Nova_Scotia_(1782)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Nova_Scotia#American_Revolution" title="Military history of Nova Scotia"><span class="wrap">American Revolution – Nova Scotia theatre</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_American_military_history" title="Colonial American military history">Colonial American military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Military history of Nova Scotia">Military history of Nova Scotia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raid_on_Lunenburg,_Nova_Scotia_(1782)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Author of <i>The Holy Communion: A Relic of the Past and an Instructor of the Present: Being a Sermon Written in the Year A.D. 1797</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cihm_32359/page/n351">p. 338</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_crewman&id=21146">"Gregory Powers (1738–1833)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gregory+Powers+%281738%E2%80%931833%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthreedecks.org%2Findex.php%3Fdisplay_type%3Dshow_crewman%26id%3D21146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaid+on+Lunenburg%2C+Nova+Scotia+%281782%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015012083690&view=1up&seq=126">p. 100</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/massachusettshis77mass#page/118/mode/1up/search/power.">pp. 118–119</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160625162955/http://www.awiatsea.com/Privateers/S/Swallow%20New%20Hampshire%20Cutter%20%5bTibbets%5d.html">Capt. John Tibbets' (1748–1786)</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Casualties taken from <i>Boston Gazette</i>, July 15 and August 5, 1782; <i>Massachusetts Spy</i>, August 8, 1782</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/massachusettshis77mass#page/176/mode/2up/search/halifax">Allen. Massachusetts Privateers of the Revolution. Massachusetts Historical Society</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eastman, pp. 61–63</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Captain Noah Stoddard, died in <a href="/wiki/New_Bedford" class="mw-redirect" title="New Bedford">New Bedford</a>, January 29, 1850, aged 95 ; a soldier of the Revolution.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140809172117/http://www.umassd.edu/media/umassdartmouth/undergroundrailroad/Fugitive_Slave_Traffic.pdf">"p.7"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.umassd.edu/media/umassdartmouth/undergroundrailroad/Fugitive_Slave_Traffic.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2014-08-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=p.7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.umassd.edu%2Fmedia%2Fumassdartmouth%2Fundergroundrailroad%2FFugitive_Slave_Traffic.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaid+on+Lunenburg%2C+Nova+Scotia+%281782%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gwyn75-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gwyn75_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gwyn75_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gwyn75_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gwyn, p. 75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DesBraisay, p. 68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/historyofnovasco03murdiala#page/4/mode/1up">Beamish Murdoch, History of Nova Scotia. Vol. 3, p. 6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a> also engaged France in the war, which meant that many of the privateers were also from France.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raids happened at <a href="/wiki/Liverpool,_Nova_Scotia" title="Liverpool, Nova Scotia">Liverpool</a> (October 1776, March 1777, September 1777, May 1778, September 1780) and on <a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Royal,_Nova_Scotia" class="mw-redirect" title="Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia">Annapolis Royal</a> (1781) (Roger Marsters (2004). <i>Bold Privateers: Terror, Plunder and Profit on Canada's Atlantic Coast", pp. 87–89 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0887806449" title="Special:BookSources/0887806449">0887806449</a>)</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Craig, C. (1989). <i>The Young Emigrants: Craigs of the Magaguadavic</i>, p. 53</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015068749905;view=1up;seq=458">Naval Documents, Vol. 3, p. 424</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pp._310–311-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pp._310–311_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pp._310–311_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/essexinstitutehiv45esse#page/311/mode/1up/search/rachael">pp. 310–311</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/essexinstitutehiv45esse#page/224/mode/1up/search/lunenburg">p. 224</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurdoch1866" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Beamish_Murdoch" title="Beamish Murdoch">Murdoch, Beamish</a> (1866). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ahistorynovasco01murdgoog"><i>A History of Nova-Scotia, Or Acadie</i></a>. Vol. II. Halifax: J. Barnes. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ahistorynovasco01murdgoog/page/n627">607</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Nova-Scotia%2C+Or+Acadie&rft.place=Halifax&rft.pages=607&rft.pub=J.+Barnes&rft.date=1866&rft.aulast=Murdoch&rft.aufirst=Beamish&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fahistorynovasco01murdgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaid+on+Lunenburg%2C+Nova+Scotia+%281782%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Sally</i> was a prize recently captured by the American privateer <i>General Stark</i> under the command of Captain James Pearson on March 27, 1780. The American privateer and her prize got separated in a storm, with the prize ending up at the mouth of the LaHave River.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/americanvesselsc00nova#page/71/mode/1up/search/nova+scotia">American vessels captured by the British during the American Revolution, pp. 71–72</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Privateers also killed South Shore men who served on loyalist armed vessels (see <i>Nova Scotia Gazette</i>, July 11, 1780; July 13, 1780; Harvey, ed. Perkins Diary, pp. 28–29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.electriccanadian.com/history/novascotia/collections/20a21collectionsof20novauoft.pdf">NS Historical Society, p. 32</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurdoch1867" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Beamish_Murdoch" title="Beamish Murdoch">Murdoch, Beamish</a> (1867). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ahistorynovasco02murdgoog"><i>A History of Nova-Scotia, Or Acadie</i></a>. Vol. III. Halifax: J. Barnes. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ahistorynovasco02murdgoog/page/n34">4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Nova-Scotia%2C+Or+Acadie&rft.place=Halifax&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=J.+Barnes&rft.date=1867&rft.aulast=Murdoch&rft.aufirst=Beamish&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fahistorynovasco02murdgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaid+on+Lunenburg%2C+Nova+Scotia+%281782%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <i>Boston Gazette</i>, and the <i>Country Journal</i>, Monday, July 15, 1782; <i>The Massachusetts Spy: Or, American Oracle of Liberty</i> (Worcester), Thursday, July 25, 1782; The <i>Continental Journal</i> (Boston), Thursday, July 18, 1782. Joseph Pernette to Franklin, letter, dated at LaHave, July 3, 1782, reprinted in DesBrisay, Mather Byles, <i>History of the County of Lunenburg</i>, Toronto: Wesley Briggs, 1895, 65–67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sacking of Lunenburg. Saga of the Seas, Archibald MacMechan, 1923</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Head Raddall. <i>Adventures of H.M.S. Blonde in Nova Scotia, 1778–1782</i>. Collections of the Nova Scotia Historical Society. 1966.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">MacMechan, p. 59</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">There is also a source that indicates the landing party was led by Lieutenant <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Bateman_(privateer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Bateman (privateer) (page does not exist)">George Bateman</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/massachusettshis77mass#page/174/mode/2up/search/halifax">Massachusetts Historical Society Collections</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Three of these men were Mathew Ernst, Ferdinand Miller and Frederick Blysteiner. (See DesBrisay, p. 65)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gwyn, p. 25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">MacMechan, pp. 62–63</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ArchibaldMacMechan-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ArchibaldMacMechan_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ArchibaldMacMechan_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ArchibaldMacMechan_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">MacMechan, p. 68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">MacMechan, p. 67</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=14932">Grave in Guysborough</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://guyscogene.net/cem/christchurchguys.html">"Christ Church Anglican Cemetery – Guysborough, Guysborough County, NS"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Christ+Church+Anglican+Cemetery+%E2%80%93+Guysborough%2C+Guysborough+County%2C+NS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fguyscogene.net%2Fcem%2Fchristchurchguys.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaid+on+Lunenburg%2C+Nova+Scotia+%281782%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160326025619/http://awiatsea.com/Privateers/S/Scammel%20Massachusetts%20Schooner%20%5bStoddard%5d.html#T000019B">"Scammell"</a>. Archived from the original on 2016-03-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-08-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scammell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.awiatsea.com%2FPrivateers%2FS%2FScammel%2520Massachusetts%2520Schooner%2520%255BStoddard%255D.html%23T000019B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaid+on+Lunenburg%2C+Nova+Scotia+%281782%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">MacMechan refers to Sylvia as a servant. It is unclear whether her status was that of an <a href="/wiki/Indentured_servant" class="mw-redirect" title="Indentured servant">indentured servant</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Slave" class="mw-redirect" title="Slave">slave</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dfLvSgiKsFwC&dq=John+Creighton+lunenburg+sylvia+african&pg=PA16">Sylvia Hamilton. "A Survey of Early Black Women in Nova Scotia". In <i>We're Rooted Here and They Can't Pull Us Up</i>. </a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150416031108/http://www.ryerson.ca/equity/BHAC/history.html">"Black History Awareness Committee - equity - Ryerson University"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ryerson.ca/equity/BHAC/history.html">the original</a> on 2015-04-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-01-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Black+History+Awareness+Committee+-+equity+-+Ryerson+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ryerson.ca%2Fequity%2FBHAC%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaid+on+Lunenburg%2C+Nova+Scotia+%281782%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/collectionsofmai10main#page/142/mode/1up/search/scotia">John Fairbanks – His Journal. Collections of the Maine Historical Society</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160724045434/http://www.awiatsea.com/Privateers/W/Wasp%20Massachusetts%20Boat%20%5bThompson%5d.html">"American Privateer Wasp"</a>. Archived from the original on 2016-07-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+Privateer+Wasp&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.awiatsea.com%2FPrivateers%2FW%2FWasp%2520Massachusetts%2520Boat%2520%255BThompson%255D.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaid+on+Lunenburg%2C+Nova+Scotia+%281782%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/americanvesselsc00nova#page/92/mode/1up/search/lunenburg">p. 93</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In October 1782, <i>Wasp</i> was engaged by a British <a href="/wiki/Packet_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Packet ship">packet</a>. The British killed 3 and wounded 10 of the 19 crew members on <i>Wasp</i>. See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ubs-AAAAYAAJ&dq=wasp+american+privateer+thompson+1782&pg=PA29">p.29</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanvesselsc00nova/page/24/mode/1up/search/%22John+Crymes%22+?q=%22John+Crymes%22+observer">"American vessels captured by the British during the revolution and war of 1812"</a>. Salem, Mass., The Essex institute. 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+vessels+captured+by+the+British+during+the+revolution+and+war+of+1812&rft.pub=Salem%2C+Mass.%2C+The+Essex+institute&rft.date=1911&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanvesselsc00nova%2Fpage%2F24%2Fmode%2F1up%2Fsearch%2F%2522John%2BCrymes%2522%2B%3Fq%3D%2522John%2BCrymes%2522%2Bobserver&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaid+on+Lunenburg%2C+Nova+Scotia+%281782%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raid_on_Lunenburg,_Nova_Scotia_(1782)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/navalhistoryrevo02allerich#page/595/mode/1up/search/nova+scotia">A Naval History of the American Revolution</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/historycountylu00desbgoog#page/n68/mode/1up/search/hirtle">DesBrisay, Mather Byles (1895). <i>History of the county of Lunenburg</i>, pp. 62–68</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/somefamousprivat00east#page/60/mode/2up">Eastman, Ralph M. "Captain Noah Stoddard" in <i>Some Famous Privateers of New England</i>. 1928. pp. 61–63</a></li> <li>Gwyn, Julian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xzV49UC6mnkC">Frigates and Foremasts: The North American Squadron in Nova Scotia Waters, 1745–1815</a>, University of British Columbia Press. 2003 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0774809116" title="Special:BookSources/0774809116">0774809116</a>.</li> <li>MacMechan, Archibald (1923), “The Sack of Lunenburg” in <i>Sagas of the Sea</i>. The Temple Press, pp. 57–72.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/historyofamerica017401mbp#page/n270/mode/1up/search/babcock">A History of American Privateers</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/massachusettshis77mass#page/175/mode/1up/search/waith">Massachusetts Privateers, p. 176</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/acadiensisquarte05jackuoft#page/385/mode/1up">Agnes Creighton, "An Unforeclosed Mortgage," Acadiensis, October, 1905</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Primary documents</dt></dl> <ul><li><i>The Boston Gazette</i>, and the <i>Country Journal</i>, Monday, July 15, 1782;</li> <li><i>The Massachusetts Spy: Or, American Oracle of Liberty</i> [Worcester], Thursday, July 25, 1782;</li> <li><i>The Continental Journal</i> [Boston], Thursday, July 18, 1782.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/historycountylu00desbgoog#page/n70/mode/2up">Joseph Pernette to Franklin, letter, dated at La Have, July 3, 1782, reprinted in DesBrisay, Mather Byles, <i>History of the County of Lunenburg</i>, Toronto: Wesley Briggs, 1895, 65–67.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/acadieacadians00rothuoft#page/330/mode/2up">Leonard Rudolf's account in Invasion of Lunenburg in Acadie and the Acadians</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raid_on_Lunenburg,_Nova_Scotia_(1782)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Howe, Octavius Thorndike. <i>Beverly Privateers in the Revolution</i>, 1922, p. 361.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winthrop_Pickard_Bell" title="Winthrop Pickard Bell">Bell, Winthrop Pickard</a>. (1961). <i>The "Foreign Protestants" and the Settlement of Nova Scotia</i>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2321&context=dissertations_1">"Privateering and piracy: the effects of New England raiding upon Nova Scotia during the American Revolution, 1775–1783"</a>. By John Dewar Faibisy</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raid_on_Lunenburg,_Nova_Scotia_(1782)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ns1763.ca/lunenco/sacklunen.html">Sack of Lunenburg Plaque</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150803054552/http://www.oakislandtheories.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100:sacking-of-lunenburg&catid=39:local-history&Itemid=59">Sacking of Lunenburg – Primary Sources</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeck1983" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Beck, J. Murray (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/creighton_john_1721_1807_5E.html">"Creighton, John (1721–1807)"</a>. In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Canadian_Biography" title="Dictionary of Canadian Biography">Dictionary of Canadian Biography</a></i>. Vol. V (1801–1820) (online ed.). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto_Press" title="University of Toronto Press">University of Toronto Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Creighton%2C+John+%281721%E2%80%931807%29&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Canadian+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Beck&rft.aufirst=J.+Murray&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biographi.ca%2Fen%2Fbio%2Fcreighton_john_1721_1807_5E.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaid+on+Lunenburg%2C+Nova+Scotia+%281782%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150607010321/http://www.awiatsea.com/incidents/1782-07-01%20Sack%20of%20Lunenburg.html">Sack of Lunenburg – American War of Independence at Sea</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160326025619/http://awiatsea.com/Privateers/S/Scammel%20Massachusetts%20Schooner%20%5bStoddard%5d.html">MA Scammel</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup></li></ul> <p><span class="metadata coord-missing"></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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