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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Names_and_terminology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Movements_found_in_belly_dance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Movements_found_in_belly_dance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Movements found in belly dance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Movements_found_in_belly_dance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_the_Middle_East" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_Middle_East"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>In the Middle East</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_the_Middle_East-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In the Middle East subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_the_Middle_East-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins_and_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins_and_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Origins and history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins_and_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_context" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_context"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Social context</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_context-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Egypt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Egypt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>In Egypt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Egypt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Turkey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Turkey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>In Turkey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Turkey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Belly_dance_in_the_musical_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belly_dance_in_the_musical_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Belly dance in the musical industry</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Belly_dance_in_the_musical_industry-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Belly dance in the musical industry subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Belly_dance_in_the_musical_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Influence_in_pop_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_in_pop_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Influence in pop music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_in_pop_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outside_the_Middle_East" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outside_the_Middle_East"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Outside the Middle East</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Outside_the_Middle_East-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Outside the Middle East subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Outside_the_Middle_East-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>In North America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>In Spain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>In Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_the_United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>In the United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Greece" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Greece"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>In Greece</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Greece-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Costume" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Costume"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Costume</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Costume-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_practitioners" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_practitioners"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notable practitioners</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_practitioners-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Belly dance</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 61 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%B5_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A" title="رقص شرقي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رقص شرقي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danza_del_banduyu" title="Danza del banduyu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Danza del banduyu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Танец жывата – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Танец жывата" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Танец жывата – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Танец жывата" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Бели денс – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бели денс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dansa_oriental" title="Dansa oriental – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dansa oriental" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orient%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_tanec" title="Orientální tanec – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Orientální tanec" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolddawns" title="Bolddawns – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bolddawns" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mavedans" title="Mavedans – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mavedans" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orientalischer_Tanz" title="Orientalischer Tanz – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Orientalischer Tanz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B5hutants" title="Kõhutants – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kõhutants" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BB" title="Χορός οριεντάλ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χορός οριεντάλ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danza_del_vientre" title="Danza del vientre – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Danza del vientre" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventra_danco" title="Ventra danco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ventra danco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabel_dantza" title="Sabel dantza – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sabel dantza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%B5_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="رقص عربی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رقص عربی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danse_orientale" title="Danse orientale – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Danse orientale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danza_do_ventre" title="Danza do ventre – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Danza do ventre" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A8%EB%A6%AC%EB%8C%84%EC%8A%A4" title="벨리댄스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="벨리댄스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Պորտապար – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պորտապար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8" title="बेली डांस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बेली डांस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trbu%C5%A1ni_ples" title="Trbušni ples – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Trbušni ples" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tari_perut" title="Tari perut – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tari perut" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danza_del_ventre" title="Danza del ventre – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Danza del ventre" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9C_%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%99" title="מחול מזרחי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מחול מזרחי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AA%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%90" title="მუცლის ცეკვა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მუცლის ცეკვა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%93derdejas" title="Vēderdejas – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vēderdejas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauchdanz" title="Bauchdanz – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bauchdanz" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilvo_%C5%A1okis" title="Pilvo šokis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pilvo šokis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hast%C3%A1nc" title="Hastánc – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hastánc" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86" title="Стомачен танц – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Стомачен танц" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%B5_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%89" title="رقص شرقى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رقص شرقى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarian_gelek" title="Tarian gelek – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tarian gelek" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%85%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D2%AF%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B3" title="Бэлхүүсний бүжиг – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бэлхүүсний бүжиг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1" title="ဗယ်လေ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဗယ်လေ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buikdans" title="Buikdans – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Buikdans" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%80%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9" title="ベリーダンス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ベリーダンス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orientalsk_dans" title="Orientalsk dans – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Orientalsk dans" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%91%D9%88_%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%86" title="پیڑو ناچ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پیڑو ناچ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taniec_brzucha" title="Taniec brzucha – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Taniec brzucha" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan%C3%A7a_do_ventre" title="Dança do ventre – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dança do ventre" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dans_din_buric" title="Dans din buric – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dans din buric" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Танец живота – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Танец живота" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belly_dance" title="Belly dance – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Belly dance" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bru%C5%A1n%C3%BD_tanec" title="Brušný tanec – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Brušný tanec" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trebu%C5%A1ni_ples" title="Trebušni ples – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Trebušni ples" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Трбушни плес – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Трбушни плес" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trbu%C5%A1ni_ples" title="Trbušni ples – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Trbušni ples" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%C3%A4mainen_tanssi" title="Itämainen tanssi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Itämainen tanssi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orientalisk_dans" title="Orientalisk dans – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Orientalisk dans" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayaw_sa_silangan" title="Sayaw sa silangan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sayaw sa silangan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="இடை ஆட்டம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இடை ஆட்டம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%8D%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="ระบําหน้าท้อง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ระบําหน้าท้อง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oryantal_dans" title="Oryantal dans – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Oryantal dans" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Танець живота – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Танець живота" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%B5_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="رقص عربی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رقص عربی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAa_b%E1%BB%A5ng" title="Múa bụng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Múa bụng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danse_do_vinte" title="Danse do vinte – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Danse do vinte" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%82%9A%E7%9A%AE%E8%88%9E" title="肚皮舞 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="肚皮舞" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%82%9A%E7%9A%AE%E8%88%9E" title="肚皮舞 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="肚皮舞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of Middle Eastern dance</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Belly dancer" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Belly_dancer_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Belly dancer (disambiguation)">Belly dancer (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20111110_Egypt_0421_Cairo_dinner_cruise_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Traditional belly dancer on a Cairo Nile River cruise" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/20111110_Egypt_0421_Cairo_dinner_cruise_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-20111110_Egypt_0421_Cairo_dinner_cruise_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/20111110_Egypt_0421_Cairo_dinner_cruise_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-20111110_Egypt_0421_Cairo_dinner_cruise_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist" style="border:1px double #D69D36; background:#FFFFFF;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">a series</span></a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#D20000; border:1px double #8C959A;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Egypt" title="Category:Egypt"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Life in Egypt</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg/150px-Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg/225px-Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg/300px-Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#000000; color:#FFFFFF; border:1px double #8C959A;"> <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Egypt" title="Culture of Egypt"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Culture</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Egypt" title="Architecture of Egypt">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Art of ancient Egypt">Ancient Egyptian art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art_in_Egypt" title="Contemporary art in Egypt">Contemporary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Egypt" title="Cinema of Egypt">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cuisine" title="Egyptian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_ancient_Egypt" title="Dance in ancient Egypt">Dance</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Belly dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raqs_sharqi" title="Raqs sharqi">Raqs sharqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baladi" title="Baladi">Baladi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahtib" title="Tahtib">Tahtib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanoura_(dance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanoura (dance)">Tanoura</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_in_ancient_Egypt" title="Clothing in ancient Egypt">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Egypt" title="History of Egypt">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Egypt" title="Public holidays in Egypt">Holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Arabic" title="Egyptian Arabic">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_literature" title="Egyptian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Egypt" title="Music of Egypt">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian Mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Egypt" title="List of radio stations in Egypt">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Art of ancient Egypt">Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports in Egypt">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_symbols_of_Egypt" title="Category:National symbols of Egypt">Symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Egypt" title="Flag of Egypt">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilady,_Bilady,_Bilady" title="Bilady, Bilady, Bilady">Anthem</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Egypt" title="Television in Egypt">Television</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#000000; color:#FFFFFF; border:1px double #8C959A;"> <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Egypt" title="Demographics of Egypt"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Society</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egyptians" title="Egyptians">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_identity" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian identity">Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Egypt" title="Education in Egypt">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demography_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Demography of Egypt">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Egypt" title="Health in Egypt">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Egypt">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Egypt" title="Human rights in Egypt">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Egypt" title="Religion in Egypt">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Egypt" title="Wildlife of Egypt">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Egypt" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Egypt">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#000000; color:#FFFFFF; border:1px double #8C959A;"> <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Egypt" title="Politics of Egypt"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Politics</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Egypt" title="President of Egypt">Presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Egypt">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Egypt" title="Parliament of Egypt">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Egypt" title="List of political parties in Egypt">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Armed_Forces" title="Egyptian Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Egypt" title="Corruption in Egypt">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Egypt">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Egypt" title="Foreign relations of Egypt">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Civil_Code" title="Egyptian Civil Code">Law</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#000000; color:#FFFFFF; border:1px double #8C959A;"> <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Egypt" title="Economy of Egypt"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Economy</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Egypt" title="Energy in Egypt">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Egypt" title="Tourism in Egypt">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Egypt" title="Telecommunications in Egypt">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Egypt" title="Transport in Egypt">Transportation</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><img alt="Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Egypt" title="Portal:Egypt">Egypt portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Arab_culture" title="Category:Arab culture">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle fn org country-name adr"><a href="/wiki/Arab_culture" title="Arab culture">Arabic culture</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maq%C4%81ma_21_(fols._58v%E2%80%9359r,_double-page_spread_as_a_unit),_Maqamat_al-Harari,_1237.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Maq%C4%81ma_21_%28fols._58v%E2%80%9359r%2C_double-page_spread_as_a_unit%29%2C_Maqamat_al-Harari%2C_1237.jpg/260px-Maq%C4%81ma_21_%28fols._58v%E2%80%9359r%2C_double-page_spread_as_a_unit%29%2C_Maqamat_al-Harari%2C_1237.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Maq%C4%81ma_21_%28fols._58v%E2%80%9359r%2C_double-page_spread_as_a_unit%29%2C_Maqamat_al-Harari%2C_1237.jpg/390px-Maq%C4%81ma_21_%28fols._58v%E2%80%9359r%2C_double-page_spread_as_a_unit%29%2C_Maqamat_al-Harari%2C_1237.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Maq%C4%81ma_21_%28fols._58v%E2%80%9359r%2C_double-page_spread_as_a_unit%29%2C_Maqamat_al-Harari%2C_1237.jpg/520px-Maq%C4%81ma_21_%28fols._58v%E2%80%9359r%2C_double-page_spread_as_a_unit%29%2C_Maqamat_al-Harari%2C_1237.jpg 2x" data-file-width="852" data-file-height="524" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa; font-variant: small-caps;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Arabic_architecture" title="Category:Arabic architecture">Architecture</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="border-top:solid 1px #aaa;"><div class="hlist"><b>Styles</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_architecture" title="Islamic architecture">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Yemen" title="Architecture of Yemen">Yemeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_architecture" title="Nabataean architecture">Nabataean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_architecture" title="Umayyad architecture">Umayyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_architecture" title="Abbasid architecture">Abbasid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_architecture" title="Fatimid architecture">Fatimid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorish_architecture" title="Moorish architecture">Moorish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_architecture" title="Mamluk architecture">Mamluk</a></li></ul> <p><br /> <b>Features </b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ablaq" title="Ablaq">Ablaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfiz" title="Alfiz">Alfiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabesque" title="Arabesque">Arabesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_medieval_Arabic_and_Western_European_domes" title="History of medieval Arabic and Western European domes"> Arabic dome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banna%27i" title="Banna'i">Banna'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_garden" title="Islamic garden">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girih" title="Girih">Girih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_arch" title="Horseshoe arch">Horseshoe arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howz" title="Howz">Howz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypostyle" title="Hypostyle">Hypostyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calligraphy" title="Islamic calligraphy">Islamic calligraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_geometric_patterns" title="Islamic geometric patterns">Islamic geometric patterns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_ornament" title="Islamic ornament">Islamic ornament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwan" title="Iwan">Iwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwan" title="Liwan">Liwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashrabiya" title="Mashrabiya">Mashrabiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riad_(architecture)" title="Riad (architecture)">Riad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosaic#Arab" title="Mosaic">Mosaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multifoil_arch" title="Multifoil arch">Multifoil arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muqarnas" title="Muqarnas">Muqarnas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagash_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagash painting">Nagash painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qadad" title="Qadad">Qadad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflecting_pool" title="Reflecting pool">Reflecting pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riwaq_(arcade)" title="Riwaq (arcade)">Riwaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahn" title="Sahn">Sahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socarrat" title="Socarrat">Socarrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stucco_decoration_in_Islamic_architecture" title="Stucco decoration in Islamic architecture">Stucco decoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadelakt" title="Tadelakt">Tadelakt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaulting" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaulting">Vaulting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voussoir" title="Voussoir">Voussoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windcatcher" title="Windcatcher">Windcatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zellij" title="Zellij">Zellij</a></li></ul> <p><b>Types</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albarrana_tower" title="Albarrana tower">Albarrana tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A1zar" title="Alcázar">Alcázar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazaar" title="Bazaar">Bazaar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caravanserai" title="Caravanserai">Caravanserai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bimaristan" title="Bimaristan">Bimaristan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammam" title="Hammam">Hammam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasbah" title="Kasbah">Kasbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrasa" title="Madrasa">Madrasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maqam_(shrine)" title="Maqam (shrine)">Maqam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazar_(mausoleum)" title="Mazar (mausoleum)">Mazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medina_quarter" title="Medina quarter">Medina quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalat_(fortress)" title="Qalat (fortress)">Qalat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribat" title="Ribat">Ribat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebil" class="mw-redirect" title="Sebil">Sabil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadirvan" title="Shadirvan">Shadirvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tekyeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Tekyeh">Tekyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Well house">Well house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zawiya_(institution)" title="Zawiya (institution)">Zawiya</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa; font-variant: small-caps;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Arabic_art" title="Category:Arabic art">Art</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="border-top:solid 1px #aaa;"><div class="hlist"><b>Styles</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_art" title="Ancient South Arabian art">Ancient South Arabian art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_art" title="Nabataean art">Nabataean art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_art" title="Islamic art">Islamic art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_art" title="Fatimid art">Fatimid art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate#Art" title="Mamluk Sultanate">Mamluk art</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b>Types</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_calligraphy" title="Arabic calligraphy">Arabic calligraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_graffiti" title="Islamic graffiti">Arabic graffiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_carpet" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab carpet">Arab carpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_miniature" title="Arabic miniature">Arabic miniature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Arabic_pottery" title="Category:Arabic pottery">Arabic pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_wood_carving_in_Palestine" title="Olive wood carving in Palestine">Palestinian wood carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_embroidery" title="Islamic embroidery">Islamic embroidery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardstone_carving#Islamic_hardstone_carving" title="Hardstone carving">Islamic hardstone carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_garden" title="Islamic garden">Islamic garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_glass" title="Islamic glass">Islamic glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_carving#Islamic_ivory" title="Ivory carving">Islamic ivory carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_art#Islamic_brasswork" title="Islamic art">Islamic Metalwork</a></li></ul> <p><b>Features </b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabesque_(Islamic_art)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabesque (Islamic art)">Arabesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_geometric_patterns" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic geometric patterns">Arabic geometric patterns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banna%27i" title="Banna'i">Banna'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_steel" title="Damascus steel">Damascus steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damask" title="Damask">Damask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girih_tiles" title="Girih tiles">Girih tiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedwig_glass" title="Hedwig glass">Hedwig glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiswah" title="Kiswah">Kiswah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muqarnas" title="Muqarnas">Muqarnas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Arabic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudo-Arabic">Pseudo-Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zellij" title="Zellij">Zellij</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa; font-variant: small-caps;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Arab_cuisine" title="Arab cuisine">Cuisine</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="border-top:solid 1px #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Arabian_cuisine" title="Eastern Arabian cuisine">Khalij <span style="font-size:85%;">(Arabian Peninsula)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_cuisine" title="Levantine cuisine">Arab Mashriq <span style="font-size:85%;">(Levant)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_cuisine" title="Iraqi cuisine">Mashriq <span style="font-size:85%;">(Mesopotamia)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cuisine" title="Egyptian cuisine">Mawset <span style="font-size:85%;">(Egypt)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_cuisine" title="Sudanese cuisine">Mawset <span style="font-size:85%;">(Sudan)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghreb_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Maghreb cuisine">Arab Maghreb <span style="font-size:85%;">(North Africa)</span></a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa; font-variant: small-caps;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Arabic_clothing" title="Category:Arabic clothing">Dress</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="border-top:solid 1px #aaa;"><div class="hlist"><b>Headwear</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agal_(accessory)" title="Agal (accessory)">Agal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battoulah" title="Battoulah">Battoulah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haik_(garment)" title="Haik (garment)"> Haik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keffiyeh" title="Keffiyeh">Keffiyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litham" title="Litham">Litham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhalla" title="Madhalla">Madhalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidara" title="Sidara">Sidara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqiyah_(cap)" title="Taqiyah (cap)">Taqiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantour" title="Tantour">Tantour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fez_(hat)" title="Fez (hat)">Tarboush (fez)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turban" title="Turban">Turban</a></li></ul> <p><b>Clothing</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abaya" title="Abaya">Abaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisht_(clothing)" title="Bisht (clothing)">Bisht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnous" title="Burnous">Burnous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djellaba" title="Djellaba">Djellaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durra%27ah" title="Durra'ah">Durra'ah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fouta_towel" title="Fouta towel">Fouta towel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izaar" title="Izaar">Izaar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jellabiya" title="Jellabiya">Jellabiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaftan" title="Kaftan">Kaftan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarong#Somalia" title="Sarong">Macawis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robe_of_honour" title="Robe of honour">Robe of honour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirwal" title="Sirwal">Sirwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takchita" class="mw-redirect" title="Takchita">Takchita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thawb" title="Thawb">Thawb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiraz" title="Tiraz">Tiraz</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa; font-variant: small-caps;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_music" title="Arabic music">Music</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="border-top:solid 1px #aaa;"><div class="hlist"><b>Theory</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_maqam" title="Arabic maqam">Arabic maqam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_tone_system" title="Arab tone system">Arab tone system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_scale" title="Algerian scale">Algerian scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_in_Arabic_music" title="Rhythm in Arabic music">Rhythm in Arabic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqsim" title="Taqsim">Taqsim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jins" title="Jins">Jins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazma" title="Lazma">Lazma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teslim" title="Teslim">Teslim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_tone" title="Quarter tone">Quarter tone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Arabic_musical_instruments" title="Category:Arabic musical instruments">Arabic musical instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitab_al-Musiqa_al-Kabir" title="Kitab al-Musiqa al-Kabir"> Great Book of Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitab_al-Aghani" title="Kitab al-Aghani"> Kitab al-Aghani</a></li></ul> <p><b>Genres</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_pop" title="Arabic pop">Arabic pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic hip hop">Arabic hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_rock" title="Arabic rock">Arabic rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_music#Arabic_jazz" title="Arabic music"> Arabic jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_music#20th_century" title="Arabic music"> Classical Arab music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_in_Arabic" title="Opera in Arabic">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Jeel" title="Al Jeel">Al Jeel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaliji_(music)" title="Khaliji (music)">Khaliji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%AF" title="Raï">Raï</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarab" title="Tarab">Tarab</a></li></ul> <p><b>Art music</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andalusian_classical_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Andalusian classical music">Andalusian classical music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andalusi_nubah" title="Andalusi nubah">Andalusi nubah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashraf" class="mw-redirect" title="Bashraf">Bashraf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawr" title="Dawr">Dawr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulab" class="mw-redirect" title="Dulab">Dulab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Layali" title="Layali">Layali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malhun" title="Malhun">Malhun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_maqam" title="Iraqi maqam">Iraqi maqam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawwal" title="Mawwal">Mawwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muwashshah" title="Muwashshah">Muwashshah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qasidah" class="mw-redirect" title="Qasidah">Qasidah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qudud_Halabiya" title="Qudud Halabiya">Qudud Halabiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sama%27i" title="Sama'i">Sama'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahmilah" title="Tahmilah">Tahmilah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqsim" title="Taqsim">Taqsim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waslah" title="Waslah">Waslah</a></li></ul> <p><b>Folk</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ataaba" title="Ataaba">Ataaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%AF" title="Raï">Algerian Raï</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedouin_music" title="Bedouin music"> Bedouin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaabi_(Algeria)" title="Chaabi (Algeria)">Chaabi (Algeria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaabi_(Morocco)" title="Chaabi (Morocco)">Chaabi (Morocco)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baladi" title="Baladi">Egyptian folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fann_at-Tanbura" title="Fann at-Tanbura">Fann at-Tanbura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijiri" title="Fijiri">Fijiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnawa_music" title="Gnawa music">Gnawa (North Africa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_(music)" title="Liwa (music)">Liwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawwal" title="Mawwal">Mawwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezwed" title="Mezwed">Mezwed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samri" title="Samri">Samri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawt_(music)" title="Sawt (music)">Sawt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaabi" title="Shaabi">Shaabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zajal" title="Zajal">Zajal</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa; font-variant: small-caps;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Arab_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab dance">Dance</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="border-top:solid 1px #aaa;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ardah" title="Ardah">Ardah</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Belly dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabke" title="Dabke">Dabke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_dance#Deheyeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab dance">Deheyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_dance#Guedra" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab dance">Guedra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_dance#Hagallah" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab dance">Hagallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaleegy_(dance)" title="Khaleegy (dance)">Khaleegy </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_(music)" title="Liwa (music)">Liwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizmar_(dance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mizmar (dance)">Mizmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouled_Nail" class="mw-redirect" title="Ouled Nail">Ouled Nail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raqs_Sharqi" class="mw-redirect" title="Raqs Sharqi">Raqs Sharqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samri" title="Samri">Samri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_dance#Shamadan" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab dance">Shamadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_dance#Schikhatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab dance">Schikhatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahtib" title="Tahtib">Tahtib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_whirling#Egyptian_tanoura" title="Sufi whirling">Tanoura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yowlah" title="Yowlah">Yowlah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C4%81r" title="Zār">Zār</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa; font-variant: small-caps;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Scripts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="border-top:solid 1px #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Arabic" title="Old Arabic">Old Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_Arabic" title="Nabataean Arabic">Nabataean Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Arabic" title="Paleo-Arabic">Paleo-Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Arabic" title="Classical Arabic">Classical Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Standard_Arabic" title="Modern Standard Arabic">Modern Standard Arabic</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa; font-variant: small-caps;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_literature" title="Arabic literature">Literature</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="border-top:solid 1px #aaa;"><div class="hlist"><b>Prose</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_epic_literature" title="Arabic epic literature">Epic literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saj%27" title="Saj'">Saj <span style="font-size:85%;">(ryhmed prose)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maqama" title="Maqama">Maqama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Love_in_Arabic_literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Love in Arabic literature (page does not exist)">Love in Arabic literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Arabic_erotic_literature" title="Category:Arabic erotic literature">Arabic erotic literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Arabic_grimoires" title="Category:Arabic grimoires">Arabic grimoires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_criticism#Classical_and_medieval_criticism" title="Literary criticism">Literary_criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_short_story" title="Arabic short story">Arabic short story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabaqat" title="Tabaqat">Tabaqat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tezkire" title="Tezkire">Tezkire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rihla" title="Rihla">Rihla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Islamic_mirrors_for_princes" title="Category:Islamic mirrors for princes">Mirrors for princes</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Islamic_literature" title="Islamic literature">Islamic</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir">Tafsir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%ABra" class="mw-redirect" title="Sīra">Sīra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">Fiqh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqidah" title="Aqidah">Aqidah</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry">Poetry</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Arabic_anthologies" title="Category:Arabic anthologies">Anthologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Arabic-language_poets" title="Category:Arabic-language poets">Poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Islamic_Arabic_poetry" title="Pre-Islamic Arabic poetry">Pre-Islamic Arabic poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Arabic_poetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Arabic poetry">Modern Arabic poetry</a></li></ul> <p><b>Genres</b> </p> <ul><li>Madih</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hija" class="mw-redirect" title="Hija">Hija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rith%C4%81%27" title="Rithā'">Rithā'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wa%E1%B9%A3f" title="Waṣf">Waṣf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghazal" title="Ghazal">Ghazal</a></li> <li>Khamriyyah</li> <li>Tardiyyah</li> <li>Khawal</li> <li>Fakhr</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamasah" title="Hamasah">Hamasah</a></li></ul> <p><b>Forms</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diwan_(poetry)" title="Diwan (poetry)"> Diwan </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qasida" title="Qasida">Qasida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muwashshah" title="Muwashshah">Muwashshah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajaz_(prosody)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajaz (prosody)">Urjūza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathnawi" title="Mathnawi">Mathnawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruba%27i" title="Ruba'i">Ruba'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nas%C4%ABb_(poetry)" title="Nasīb (poetry)">Nasīb </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riddles_(Arabic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Riddles (Arabic)">Riddles </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharja" title="Kharja">Kharja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zajal" title="Zajal">Zajal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawwal" title="Mawwal">Mawwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabati" title="Nabati">Nabati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghinnawa" title="Ghinnawa">Ghinnawa</a></li> <li>Humayni</li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Arabic_prosody" title="Arabic prosody">Arabic prosody</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_(poetry)" title="Bayt (poetry)">Bayt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%B9%ACaw%C4%ABl" class="mw-redirect" title="Ṭawīl">Ṭawīl</a></li> <li>Madīd</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bas%C4%AB%E1%B9%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Basīṭ">Basīṭ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamil_(metre)" title="Kamil (metre)"> Kamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C4%81fir" class="mw-redirect" title="Wāfir">Wāfir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazaj_meter" title="Hazaj meter">Hazaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajaz" title="Rajaz">Rajaz </a></li> <li>Ramal</li> <li>Munsariħ</li> <li>Khafīf</li> <li>Muqtaḍab</li> <li>Mujtathth</li> <li>Muḍāriʿ</li> <li>Sarīʿ</li> <li>Mutaqārib</li> <li>Mutadārik</li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Arabic_literature" title="Arabic literature">National literatures of Arab States</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_literature" title="Algerian literature">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Djibouti" title="Literature of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_literature" title="Egyptian literature">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_literature" title="Iraqi literature">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Jordan" title="Culture of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_literature" title="Kuwaiti literature">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Lebanon" title="Culture of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_literature" title="Libyan literature">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_literature" title="Moroccan literature">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Oman" title="Culture of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_literature" title="Palestinian literature">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_literature" title="Qatari literature">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Saudi_Arabian_writers" title="List of Saudi Arabian writers">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_literature" title="Somali literature">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_literature" title="Sudanese literature">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_literature" title="Syrian literature">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_literature" title="Tunisian literature">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Culture of the United Arab Emirates">U.A.E.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Yemen" title="Culture of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa; font-variant: small-caps;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic science">Science</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="border-top:solid 1px #aaa;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_alchemy" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic alchemy">Arabic chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_astrology" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic astrology">Arabic astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_astronomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic astronomy">Arabic astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_geography" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic geography">Arabic geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Golden_Age" title="Islamic Golden Age">Arabic Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_mathematics" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic mathematics">Arabic mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic medicine">Arabic medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_psychology" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic psychology">Arabic psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic technology">Arabic technology</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa; font-variant: small-caps;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic philosophy">Philosophy</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="border-top:solid 1px #aaa;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Islamic_philosophy" title="Early Islamic philosophy">Early Arabic Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristotelianism#Islamic_world" title="Aristotelianism">Islamic Aristotelianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platonism_in_Islamic_Philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Platonism in Islamic Philosophy">Islamic Platonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logic_in_Islamic_philosophy" title="Logic in Islamic philosophy">Islamic Logic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Kalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_metaphysics" title="Sufi metaphysics">Sufi metaphysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_philosophy" title="Sufi philosophy">Sufi philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Farabi" title="Al-Farabi">Farabism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avicennism" title="Avicennism">Avicennism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Averroism" title="Averroism">Averroism</a></li></ul> <p><b>Concepts</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-aql_al-faal" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-aql al-faal">Al-aql al-faal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aql_bi-l-fi%27l" class="mw-redirect" title="Aql bi-l-fi'l">Aql bi-l-fi'l</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ins%C4%81n_al-K%C4%81mil" title="Al-Insān al-Kāmil">Al-Insān al-Kāmil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhati_in_islamic_philosophy" title="Dhati in islamic philosophy">Dhati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_in_Islamic_philosophy" title="Peace in Islamic philosophy">Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcs_of_Descent_and_Ascent" title="Arcs of Descent and Ascent">Arcs of Descent and Ascent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asabiyyah" title="Asabiyyah">Asabiyyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_(Sufism)" title="Hal (Sufism)">Hal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irfan" title="Irfan">Irfan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nafs" title="Nafs">Nafs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qadar" class="mw-redirect" title="Qadar">Qadar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalb" title="Qalb">Qalb</a></li></ul> <p><b>Texts</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liber_de_Causis" title="Liber de Causis">Liber de Causis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Theology_of_Aristotle" class="mw-redirect" title="The Theology of Aristotle">The Theology of Aristotle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-isharat_wa_al-tanbihat" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-isharat wa al-tanbihat">Al-isharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_the_Apple" title="The Book of the Apple">The Book of the Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_the_Brethren_of_Purity" title="Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity">Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Incoherence_of_the_Philosophers" title="The Incoherence of the Philosophers">The Incoherence of the Philosophers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Incoherence_of_the_Incoherence" title="The Incoherence of the Incoherence">The Incoherence of the Incoherence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayy_ibn_Yaqdhan" title="Hayy ibn Yaqdhan">Hayy ibn Yaqdhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theologus_Autodidactus" title="Theologus Autodidactus">Theologus Autodidactus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Harmony_of_Religions_and_Philosophy" title="On the Harmony of Religions and Philosophy">On the Harmony of Religions and Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muqaddimah" title="Muqaddimah">Muqaddimah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Questions" title="Sicilian Questions">Sicilian Questions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Arabi#Commentaries_and_translations_of_Fuṣūṣ_al-Ḥikam" title="Ibn Arabi"> Fusus al-Hikam</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa; font-variant: small-caps;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Arabian_mythology" title="Category:Arabian mythology">Mythology</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="border-top:solid 1px #aaa;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ababil_(mythology)" title="Ababil (mythology)">Ababil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantis_of_the_Sands" title="Atlantis of the Sands">Atlantis of the Sands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamut" title="Bahamut">Bahamut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beast_of_the_Earth" title="Beast of the Earth">Beast of the Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Idols" title="Book of Idols">Book of Idols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Wonders" title="Book of Wonders">Book of Wonders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buraq" title="Buraq">Buraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandan" title="Dandan">Dandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falak_(Arabian_legend)" title="Falak (Arabian legend)">Falak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghoul" title="Ghoul">Ghoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinn_(mythology)" title="Hinn (mythology)">Hinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houri" title="Houri">Houri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifrit" title="Ifrit">Ifrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iram_of_the_Pillars" title="Iram of the Pillars">Iram of the Pillars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinn" title="Jinn">Jinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karkadann" title="Karkadann">Karkadann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kujata_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kujata (mythology)">Kujata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luqman" title="Luqman">Luqman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_carpet" title="Magic carpet">Magic carpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marid" title="Marid">Marid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Qaf" title="Mount Qaf">Mount Qaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasnas" title="Nasnas">Nasnas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Thousand_and_One_Nights" title="One Thousand and One Nights">One Thousand and One Nights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qareen" title="Qareen">Qareen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutrub" title="Qutrub">Qutrub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roc_(mythology)" title="Roc (mythology)"> Roc </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaddad" title="Shaddad">Shaddad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadhavar" title="Shadhavar">Shadhavar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shams_al-Ma%27arif" title="Shams al-Ma'arif">Shams al-Ma'arif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/She-Camel_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="She-Camel of God">She-Camel of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C4%81%E1%B8%B3w%C4%81%E1%B8%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Wāḳwāḳ">Wāḳwāḳ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulfiqar" title="Zulfiqar">Zulfiqar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarqa_al_Yamama" title="Zarqa al Yamama">Zarqa al Yamama</a></li></ul> <p><b>Fictional Arab people</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aladdin" title="Aladdin">Aladdin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Alhazred" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdul Alhazred">Abdul Alhazred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Baba" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Baba">Ali Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alta%C3%AFr_Ibn-La%27Ahad" class="mw-redirect" title="Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad">Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battal_Gazi" title="Battal Gazi">Battal Gazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayy_ibn_Yaqdhan" title="Hayy ibn Yaqdhan">Hayy ibn Yaqdhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kara_Ben_Nemsi" title="Kara Ben Nemsi">Kara Ben Nemsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Marsile" title="King Marsile">King Marsile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Layla_and_Majnun" title="Layla and Majnun">Layla and Majnun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Othello" title="Othello">Othello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palamedes_(Arthurian_legend)" title="Palamedes (Arthurian legend)">Palamedes </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Jasmine" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Jasmine">Princess Jasmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%27s_al_Ghul" title="Ra's al Ghul">Ra's al Ghul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinbad_the_Sailor" title="Sinbad the Sailor">Sindbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talia_al_Ghul" title="Talia al Ghul">Talia al Ghul</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa; font-variant: small-caps;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Arabian_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabian mythology">Spirituality</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="border-top:solid 1px #aaa;"><div class="hlist"><b>North Arabian deities</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allah#Pre-Islamic_Arabians" title="Allah">Allah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-%E2%80%98Uzz%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-‘Uzzá">Al-‘Uzzá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Lat" title="Al-Lat">Al-Lat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man%C4%81t" class="mw-redirect" title="Manāt">Manāt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dushara" title="Dushara">Dushara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaabou" title="Chaabou">Chaabou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manaf_(deity)" title="Manaf (deity)">Manaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuha_(deity)" title="Nuha (deity)">Nuha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kutbay" title="Al-Kutbay">Al-Kutbay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asira" title="Asira">Asira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awal" title="Awal">Awal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azizos" title="Azizos">Azizos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajir" title="Bajir">Bajir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quzah" title="Quzah">Quzah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man%C4%81t" class="mw-redirect" title="Manāt">Manāt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man%C4%81t" class="mw-redirect" title="Manāt">Manāt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%27ra" class="mw-redirect" title="A'ra">A'ra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abgal_(god)" title="Abgal (god)">Abgal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aglibol" title="Aglibol">Aglibol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaum" title="Al-Qaum">Al-Qaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atarsamain" title="Atarsamain">Atarsamain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baalshamin" title="Baalshamin">Baalshamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bel_(mythology)" title="Bel (mythology)">Bēl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubal" title="Hubal">Hubal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwa%27" title="Suwa'">Suwa'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theandrios" title="Theandrios">Theandrios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadd" title="Wadd">Wadd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malakbel" title="Malakbel">Malakbel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orotalt" title="Orotalt">Orotalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruda_(deity)" title="Ruda (deity)">Ruda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27d_(idol)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sa'd (idol)">Sa'd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarhibol" title="Yarhibol">Yarhibol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Is%C4%81f_and_N%C4%81%27ila" class="mw-redirect" title="Isāf and Nā'ila">Isāf and Nā'ila</a></li></ul> <p><b>South Arabian deities</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almaqah" title="Almaqah">Almaqah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amm_(god)" class="mw-redirect" title="Amm (god)">Amm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anbay" title="Anbay">Anbay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attar_(god)" class="mw-redirect" title="Attar (god)">Athtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salman_(myth)" title="Salman (myth)"> Salman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhat-Badan" title="Dhat-Badan">Dhat-Badan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haubas" title="Haubas">Haubas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%27lab" title="Ta'lab">Ta'lab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaynan" title="Qaynan">Qaynan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basamum" title="Basamum">Basamum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhul_Khalasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhul Khalasa">Dhul Khalasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haukim" title="Haukim">Haukim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasr_(idol)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasr (idol)">Nasr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sin_(mythology)" title="Sin (mythology)">Sīn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27uq" title="Ya'uq">Ya'uq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaghuth" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaghuth">Yaghūth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yatha" title="Yatha">Yatha</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-top:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arabic_culture" title="Template:Arabic culture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arabic_culture" title="Template talk:Arabic culture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arabic_culture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arabic culture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Belly dance</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">رقص شرقي</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Raqs sharqi</i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'oriental dance') is a <a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_dance" title="Middle Eastern dance">Middle Eastern dance</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Deagon_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deagon-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that originated in <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which features movements of the hips and torso.<sup id="cite_ref-Deagon_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deagon-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Western-coined <a href="/wiki/Exonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Exonym">exonym</a>, it is also referred to as <b>Middle Eastern dance</b> or <b>Arabic dance</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has evolved to take many different forms depending on the country and region, both in costume and dance style; with the styles and costumes of Egypt being the most recognized worldwide due to <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Egypt" title="Cinema of Egypt">Egyptian cinema</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Belly dancing in its various forms and styles is popular across the globe where it is taught by a multitude of schools of dance.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names_and_terminology">Names and terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belly_dance&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Names and terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Belly dance" is a translation of the <a href="/wiki/French_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="French (language)">French</a> term <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">danse du ventre</i></span>. The name first appeared in 1864 in a review of the <a href="/wiki/Orientalism" title="Orientalism">Orientalist</a> painting <a href="/wiki/File:Jean-L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_011.jpg" title="File:Jean-Léon Gérôme 011.jpg"><i>The Dance of the Almeh</i></a> by <a href="/wiki/Jean-L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me" title="Jean-Léon Gérôme">Jean-Léon Gérôme</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first known use of the term "belly dance" in English is found in Charles James Wills, <i>In the land of the lion and sun: or, Modern Persia</i> (1883).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Raqs_sharqi" title="Raqs sharqi">Raqs sharqi</a></i> ('Eastern Dance' or 'Dance of the Orient') is a broad category of professional forms of the dance, including forms of belly dance popularly known today, such as Raqs Baladi, Sa'idi, Ghawazee, and Awalim. The informal, social form of the dance is known as <i><a href="/wiki/Baladi#Raqs_Baladi" title="Baladi">Raqs Baladi</a></i> ('Dance of the Country' or 'Folk Dance') in Egyptian Arabic and is considered an indigenous dance.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Randa_Kamel_Egyptian_Bellydancer_2007_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Randa Kamel, Egyptian belly dancer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Randa_Kamel_Egyptian_Bellydancer_2007_1.jpg/150px-Randa_Kamel_Egyptian_Bellydancer_2007_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Randa_Kamel_Egyptian_Bellydancer_2007_1.jpg/225px-Randa_Kamel_Egyptian_Bellydancer_2007_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Randa_Kamel_Egyptian_Bellydancer_2007_1.jpg/300px-Randa_Kamel_Egyptian_Bellydancer_2007_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1792" /></a><figcaption>Belly dancer Randa Kamel performing in Cairo, 2007</figcaption></figure> <p>Belly dance is primarily a torso-driven dance, with an emphasis on articulations of the hips.<sup id="cite_ref-Varga2011_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Varga2011-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike many Western <a href="/wiki/Dance" title="Dance">dance</a> forms, the focus of the dance is on isolations of the <a href="/wiki/Torso" title="Torso">torso</a> muscles, rather than on movements of the limbs through space. Although some of these isolations appear similar to the isolations used in jazz ballet, they are sometimes driven differently and have a different feeling or emphasis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Movements_found_in_belly_dance">Movements found in belly dance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belly_dance&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Movements found in belly dance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In common with most folk dances, there is no universal naming scheme for belly dance movements. Many dancers and dance schools have developed their own naming schemes, but none of these is universally recognized. The following attempt at categorization reflects the most common naming conventions:<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Percussive</b>: Staccato movements, most commonly of the hips, used to punctuate the music or accent a beat. Lifts or drops of the hips, chest or rib cage, shoulder accents, hip rocks, hits, and twists.</li> <li><b>Fluid</b>: Flowing, sinuous movements in which the body is in continuous motion, used to interpret melodic lines and lyrical sections in the music, or modulated to express complex instrumental improvisations. These movements require a great deal of abdominal muscle control. Typical movements include horizontal and vertical figures of 8 or infinity loops with the hips, horizontal or tilting hip circles, and undulations of the hips and abdomen. These basic shapes may be varied, combined, and embellished to create an infinite variety of complex, textured movements.</li> <li><b> Shimmies, shivers and vibrations</b>: Small, fast, continuous movements of the hips or ribcage, which create an impression of texture and depth of movement. Shimmies are commonly layered over other movements, and are often used to interpret rolls on the <a href="/wiki/Tablah" class="mw-redirect" title="Tablah">tablah</a> or <a href="/wiki/Riq" class="mw-redirect" title="Riq">riq</a> or fast strumming of the <a href="/wiki/Oud" title="Oud">oud</a> or <a href="/wiki/Qanun_(instrument)" title="Qanun (instrument)">qanun</a>. There are many types of shimmy, varying in size and method of generation. Some common shimmies include relaxed, up and down hip shimmies, straight-legged knee-driven shimmies, fast, tiny hip vibrations, twisting hip shimmies, bouncing 'earthquake' shimmies, and relaxed shoulder or rib cage shimmies.</li></ul> <p>In addition to these torso movements, dancers in many styles will use level changes, traveling steps, turns, and spins. The arms are used to frame and accentuate movements of the hips, for dramatic gestures, and to create beautiful lines and shapes with the body. Other movements may be used as occasional accents, such as low kicks and arabesques, backbends, and head tosses. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_the_Middle_East">In the Middle East</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belly_dance&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In the Middle East"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins_and_history">Origins and history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belly_dance&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Origins and history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean-L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="La danse de l'almée (The Dance of the Almeh) by Jean-Léon Gérôme, 1863" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Jean-L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_011.jpg/220px-Jean-L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Jean-L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_011.jpg/330px-Jean-L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Jean-L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_011.jpg/440px-Jean-L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3392" data-file-height="2056" /></a><figcaption><i>La danse de l'almée</i> (The Dance of the Almeh) by Jean-Léon Gérôme, 1863</figcaption></figure> <p>Belly dancing is believed to have had a long history in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Deagon_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deagon-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several Greek and Roman sources including <a href="/wiki/Juvenal" title="Juvenal">Juvenal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martial" title="Martial">Martial</a> describe dancers from Asia Minor and Spain using undulating movements, playing <a href="/wiki/Castanets" title="Castanets">castanets</a>, and sinking to the floor with "quivering thighs", descriptions that are certainly suggestive of the movements that are today associated with belly dance.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, particularly in the 18th and 19th centuries, European travellers in the Middle East such as <a href="/wiki/Edward_William_Lane" title="Edward William Lane">Edward Lane</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flaubert" class="mw-redirect" title="Flaubert">Flaubert</a> wrote extensively of the dancers they saw there, including the <a href="/wiki/Almah_(Egyptian_dancer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Almah (Egyptian dancer)">Awalim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ghawazi" title="Ghawazi">Ghawazi</a> of Egypt.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In his book, Andrew Hammond notes that practitioners of the art form agree that belly dance is lodged especially in Egyptian culture, he states: "the Greek historian Herodotus related the remarkable ability of Egyptians to create for themselves spontaneous fun, singing, clapping, and dancing in boats on the Nile during numerous religious festivals. It's from somewhere in this great, ancient tradition of gaiety that the belly dance emerged."<sup id="cite_ref-:2_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The courtly pleasures of the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_dynasty" title="Umayyad dynasty">Umayyad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_dynasty" title="Abbasid dynasty">Abbasid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_dynasty" title="Fatimid dynasty">Fatimid</a> caliphs included belly dancing, soirée and singing. Belly dancers and singers were sent from all parts of the vast empire to entertain.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this era of <a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_the_Muslim_world" title="History of slavery in the Muslim world">slavery in the Muslim world</a>, these artists were often slaves. No free woman could perform in public due to the Islamic <a href="/wiki/Sex_segregation" title="Sex segregation">sex segregation</a>, but female slaves were trained to entertain male guests in singing and other art forms, such as the <a href="/wiki/Qiyan" title="Qiyan">qiyan</a> slave artists, who became common during the era of <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate">slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the era of <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Egypt" title="Slavery in Egypt">slavery in Egypt</a>, female slaves were trained in singing and dancing and given as gifts between men.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Ottoman_Empire#Dance" title="Culture of the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, belly dance was performed by women and later, by boys, in the sultan's palace.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_context">Social context</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belly_dance&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Social context"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite belly dance commonly being known in the West as Arabic dance or Middle Eastern dance, much of the modern Arab world and Islamic Middle East considers it a highly disreputable art-form; in certain regions it is even outlawed.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Belly dance remains common in Egypt, where it has two distinct social contexts: as a folk or social dance. As a social dance, belly dance (also called <a href="/wiki/Baladi" title="Baladi">Raqs Baladi</a> or Raqs Shaabi in this context) is performed at celebrations and social gatherings by ordinary people (male and female, young and old), in their ordinary clothes.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In more conservative or traditional societies, these events may be gender segregated, with separate parties where men and women dance separately.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historically, professional dance performers were the <a href="/wiki/Almah_(Egyptian_dancer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Almah (Egyptian dancer)">Awalim</a> (primarily musicians and poets), <a href="/wiki/Ghawazi" title="Ghawazi">Ghawazi</a>. The Maazin sisters may have been the last authentic performers of Ghawazi dance in Egypt, with Khayreyya Maazin still teaching and performing as of 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Belly dancing is part of <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian culture">Egyptian</a> culture, and is part of <a href="/wiki/Arabic_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic culture">Arabic</a> culture as a whole.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Arab_diaspora" title="Arab diaspora">Arab diaspora</a>, belly dancing is closely associated with <a href="/wiki/Arabic_music" title="Arabic music">Arabic music</a> that is modern classical (known as "al-jadid").<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Egypt">In Egypt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belly_dance&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: In Egypt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Raqs_sharqi" title="Raqs sharqi">Raqs sharqi</a></div> <div class="thumb tleft"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 157px;"> <div class="thumbimage" style="width: 155px; height: 130px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -35px; width: 220px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Layla_Taj_wikipedia_article.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Layla Taj, Egyptian belly dancer, performing in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Layla_Taj_wikipedia_article.jpg/220px-Layla_Taj_wikipedia_article.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Layla_Taj_wikipedia_article.jpg/330px-Layla_Taj_wikipedia_article.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Layla_Taj_wikipedia_article.jpg/440px-Layla_Taj_wikipedia_article.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="810" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Layla_Taj_wikipedia_article.jpg" title="File:Layla Taj wikipedia article.jpg"> </a></div>Layla Taj, Egyptian belly dancer, performing in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt </div> </div> </div> <p>The modern Egyptian belly dance style and the modern belly dance costumes of the 19th century were featured by the <a href="/wiki/Awalim" class="mw-redirect" title="Awalim">Awalim</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, many of the dancers in Badia's Casinos went on to appear in <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Egypt" title="Cinema of Egypt">Egyptian films</a> and had a great influence on the development of the Egyptian style and became famous, like <a href="/wiki/Samia_Gamal" title="Samia Gamal">Samia Gamal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taheyya_Kariokka" title="Taheyya Kariokka">Taheyya Kariokka</a>, both of whom helped attract eyes to the Egyptian style worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Professional belly dance in Cairo has not been exclusive to native Egyptians, although the country prohibited foreign-born dancers from obtaining licenses for solo work for much of 2004 out of concern that potentially inauthentic performances would dilute its culture. (Other genres of performing arts were not affected.) The ban was lifted in September 2004, but a culture of exclusivity and selectivity remained. The few non-native Egyptians permitted to perform in an authentic way invigorated the dance circuit and helped spread global awareness of the art form.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> American-born <a href="/wiki/Layla_Taj" title="Layla Taj">Layla Taj</a> is one example of a non-native Egyptian belly dancer who has performed extensively in Cairo and the Sinai resorts.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Egyptian belly dance is noted for its controlled, precise movements.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although belly dance is traditionally seen as a feminine art, the number of male belly dancers has increased in recent years.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Turkey">In Turkey</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belly_dance&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: In Turkey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Belly dance is referred to in Turkey as Oryantal Dans, or simply 'Oryantal' literally meaning <i><a href="/wiki/Orient" title="Orient">orient</a></i>. Many professional dancers and musicians in Turkey continue to be of <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani</a> heritage, and the Roma people of Turkey have had a strong influence on the Turkish style.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Belly_dance_in_the_musical_industry">Belly dance in the musical industry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belly_dance&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Belly dance in the musical industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influence_in_pop_music">Influence in pop music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belly_dance&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Influence in pop music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Belly dance today is a dance used by various artists among which are <a href="/wiki/Rihanna" title="Rihanna">Rihanna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fergie_(singer)" title="Fergie (singer)">Fergie</a>, however the greatest representative of this dance is the Colombian singer <a href="/wiki/Shakira" title="Shakira">Shakira</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who led this dance to position it as her trademark, with her songs <a href="/wiki/Whenever,_Wherever" title="Whenever, Wherever">Whenever Wherever</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ojos_As%C3%AD" title="Ojos Así">Ojos Así</a>. Thanks to the song <a href="/wiki/Hips_Don%27t_Lie" title="Hips Don't Lie">Hips Don't Lie</a>, her hip dance skills became known worldwide. Also, thanks to Whenever Wherever in 2001, the belly dance fever began popularizing it in a large part of Latin America and later taking it to the United States.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Over time in her presentations Shakira added this dance mixing it with Latin dances, like <a href="/wiki/Salsa_(dance)" title="Salsa (dance)">Salsa</a><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Afro-Colombian, and she also she expressed that she began to dance these movements since she was little thanks to her Lebanese grandmother. Nowadays the belly dance is a characteristic dance of this singer which presented a variant with a rope entangling it in her body and dancing to the rhythm of Whenever Wherever. Shakira is the only artist in the music industry who has used belly dance on several occasions in her artistic career.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She inspired Beyoncé to explore this type of dance in her <a href="/wiki/Beautiful_Liar" title="Beautiful Liar">Beautiful Liar</a> collaboration where she also acted as choreographer. At the <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_LIV_halftime_show" title="Super Bowl LIV halftime show">Super Bowl LIV Halftime Show</a> event she returned to the belly dance with rope during the transition from <a href="/wiki/Ojos_As%C3%AD" title="Ojos Así">Ojos así</a> thus to <a href="/wiki/Whenever,_Wherever" title="Whenever, Wherever">Whenever Wherever</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Outside_the_Middle_East">Outside the Middle East</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belly_dance&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Outside the Middle East"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Bellydance-ikebukuro-japan-sept24-2016.ogv/300px--Bellydance-ikebukuro-japan-sept24-2016.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="300" height="169" data-durationhint="11" data-mwtitle="Bellydance-ikebukuro-japan-sept24-2016.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Bellydance-ikebukuro-japan-sept24-2016.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/Bellydance-ikebukuro-japan-sept24-2016.ogv/Bellydance-ikebukuro-japan-sept24-2016.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/Bellydance-ikebukuro-japan-sept24-2016.ogv/Bellydance-ikebukuro-japan-sept24-2016.ogv.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/Bellydance-ikebukuro-japan-sept24-2016.ogv/Bellydance-ikebukuro-japan-sept24-2016.ogv.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Bellydance-ikebukuro-japan-sept24-2016.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/Bellydance-ikebukuro-japan-sept24-2016.ogv/Bellydance-ikebukuro-japan-sept24-2016.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/Bellydance-ikebukuro-japan-sept24-2016.ogv/Bellydance-ikebukuro-japan-sept24-2016.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/Bellydance-ikebukuro-japan-sept24-2016.ogv/Bellydance-ikebukuro-japan-sept24-2016.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/Bellydance-ikebukuro-japan-sept24-2016.ogv/Bellydance-ikebukuro-japan-sept24-2016.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>A belly dancer on stage in Japan, 2016</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Belly_dance" title="Special:EditPage/Belly dance">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p>Belly dance was popularized in the West during the <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romantic</a> movement of the 18th and 19th centuries, when <a href="/wiki/Orientalism" title="Orientalism">Orientalist</a> artists depicted romanticized images of <a href="/wiki/Harem" title="Harem">harem</a> life in the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. </p><p>Belly dancing has become popular outside the <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a>, and American, European, and Japanese women who have become professional belly dancers dance all over Europe and the Middle East.<sup id="cite_ref-PyrNight_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PyrNight-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_North_America">In North America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belly_dance&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: In North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although there were dancers of this type at the 1876 Centennial in Philadelphia, it was not until the 1893 Chicago <a href="/wiki/World%27s_Fair" class="mw-redirect" title="World's Fair">World's Fair</a> that it gained national attention. The term "belly dancing" is often credited to <a href="/wiki/Sol_Bloom" title="Sol Bloom">Sol Bloom</a>, the Fair's entertainment director, but he referred to the dance as <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">danse du ventre</i></span>, the name used by the French in Algeria. In his memoirs, Bloom states, "when the public learned that the literal translation was "belly dance", they delightedly concluded that it must be salacious and immoral ... I had a gold mine." Authentic dancers from several Middle Eastern and North African countries performed at the Fair, including Syria, Turkey and Algeria—but it was the dancers in the Egyptian Theater of The Street in the Cairo exhibit who gained the most notoriety. The fact that the dancers were uncorseted and gyrated their hips was shocking to Victorian sensibilities. There were no soloists, but it is claimed that a dancer nicknamed <a href="/wiki/Little_Egypt_(dancer)" title="Little Egypt (dancer)">Little Egypt</a> stole the show. Some claim the dancer was <a href="/wiki/Little_Egypt_(dancer)" title="Little Egypt (dancer)">Farida Mazar Spyropoulos</a>, but this fact is disputed.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The popularity of these dancers subsequently spawned dozens of imitators, many of whom claimed to be from the original troupe. Victorian society continued to be affronted by the dance, and dancers were sometimes arrested and fined.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dance was nicknamed the "<a href="/wiki/Hoochie_coochie" title="Hoochie coochie">hoochie coochie</a>", or the shimmy and shake. A short film, "Fatima's Dance", was widely distributed in the <a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(movie_theater)" title="Nickelodeon (movie theater)">Nickelodeon</a> theaters. It drew criticism for its "immodest" dancing, and was eventually censored. Belly dance drew men in droves to burlesque theaters, and to carnival and circus lots.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a> made several <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">films</a> of dancers in the 1890s. These included a Turkish dance, and Crissie Sheridan in 1897,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Princess Rajah from 1904,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which features a dancer playing <a href="/wiki/Zill" title="Zill">zills</a>, doing "floor work", and balancing a chair in her teeth. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rachel_Brice_1_DSC_0126.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="American tribal fusion dancer Rachel Brice" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Rachel_Brice_1_DSC_0126.jpeg/130px-Rachel_Brice_1_DSC_0126.jpeg" decoding="async" width="130" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Rachel_Brice_1_DSC_0126.jpeg/195px-Rachel_Brice_1_DSC_0126.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Rachel_Brice_1_DSC_0126.jpeg/260px-Rachel_Brice_1_DSC_0126.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3008" /></a><figcaption>American tribal fusion dancer Rachel Brice</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Ruth_St._Denis" title="Ruth St. Denis">Ruth St. Denis</a> also used Middle Eastern-inspired dance in D. W. Griffith's silent film <i><a href="/wiki/Intolerance_(film)" title="Intolerance (film)">Intolerance</a></i>, her goal being to lift dance to a respectable art form at a time when dancers were considered to be women of loose morals. Hollywood began producing films such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sheik_(film)" title="The Sheik (film)">The Sheik</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_(1917_film)" title="Cleopatra (1917 film)">Cleopatra</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Salom%C3%A9_(1923_film)" title="Salomé (1923 film)">Salomé</a></i>, to capitalize on Western fantasies of the orient.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>When immigrants from Arab states began to arrive in New York in the 1930s, dancers started to perform in nightclubs and restaurants. In the late 1960s and early 1970s many dancers began teaching. Middle Eastern or Eastern bands took dancers with them on tour, which helped spark interest in the dance.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Although using Turkish and Egyptian movements and music, American Cabaret ("AmCab") belly dancing has developed its own distinctive style, using props and encouraging audience interaction.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1987, a distinctively American style of group improvisational dance, <a href="/wiki/American_Tribal_Style_Belly_Dance" title="American Tribal Style Belly Dance">American Tribal Style Belly Dance</a> (ATS), was created, representing a major departure from the dance's cultural origins. A unique and wholly modern style, it makes use of steps from existing cultural dance styles, including those from India, the Middle East, and Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many forms of <a href="/wiki/Tribal_Fusion_(dance_form)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tribal Fusion (dance form)">"Tribal Fusion"</a> belly dance have also developed, appropriating elements from many other dance and music styles including <a href="/wiki/Flamenco" title="Flamenco">flamenco</a>, ballet, <a href="/wiki/Burlesque" title="Burlesque">burlesque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hula_hoop" title="Hula hoop">hula hoop</a> and even <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop">hip hop</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gothic_bellydance" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic bellydance">"Gothic Belly Dance"</a> is a style which incorporates elements from <a href="/wiki/Goth_subculture" title="Goth subculture">Goth subculture</a>. Continuing from this tradition is the emergence of touring theatrical belly dance productions such as <i>Belly Dance Evolution</i> produced by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jillina_Carlano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jillina Carlano (page does not exist)">Jillina Carlano</a>, <i>Invaders of the Heart</i> produced by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Myra_Krien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Myra Krien (page does not exist)">Myra Krien</a> amongst others.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Spain">In Spain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belly_dance&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: In Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Belly_dance" title="Special:EditPage/Belly dance">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dalilah_bailando_danza_oriental_en_la_Esfinge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Spaniard Dalilah, 1957" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Dalilah_bailando_danza_oriental_en_la_Esfinge.jpg/150px-Dalilah_bailando_danza_oriental_en_la_Esfinge.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Dalilah_bailando_danza_oriental_en_la_Esfinge.jpg/225px-Dalilah_bailando_danza_oriental_en_la_Esfinge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Dalilah_bailando_danza_oriental_en_la_Esfinge.jpg/300px-Dalilah_bailando_danza_oriental_en_la_Esfinge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="742" data-file-height="968" /></a><figcaption>Spaniard <a href="/wiki/Dalilah_(belly_dancer)" title="Dalilah (belly dancer)">Dalilah (<i>Adelaida Angulo</i>)</a> in front of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Sphinx_of_Giza" title="Great Sphinx of Giza">Great Sphinx of Giza</a>, 1957</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>, the idea of exotic dancing existed throughout the <a href="/wiki/Islamic" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic">Islamic</a> era and sometimes included slavery. When the Arab <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_conquest_of_Hispania" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyad conquest of Hispania">Umayyads</a> conquered Spain, they sent <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque</a> singers and dancers to Damascus and Egypt for training in the Middle Eastern style. These dancers came to be known as Al-Andalusian dancers. It is theorized that the fusion of the Al-Andalus style with the dances of the <a href="/wiki/Gitanos" title="Gitanos">Romani people in Spain</a> led to the creation of <a href="/wiki/Flamenco" title="Flamenco">flamenco</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Australia">In Australia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belly_dance&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: In Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first wave of interest in belly dancing in Australia was during the late 1970s to 1980s with the influx of migrants and refugees escaping troubles in the Middle East, including Lebanese Jamal Zraika. These immigrants created a social scene including numerous Lebanese and Turkish restaurants, providing employment for belly dancers. Rozeta Ahalyea is widely regarded as the "mother" of Australian belly dance,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> training early dance pioneers such as <a href="/wiki/Amera_Eid" title="Amera Eid">Amera Eid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Terezka_Drnzik" title="Terezka Drnzik">Terezka Drnzik</a>. Belly dance has now spread across the country, with belly dance communities in every capital city and many regional centres. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Estelle_Asmodelle" title="Estelle Asmodelle">Estelle Asmodelle</a> was probably the first transgender belly dancer in Australia. She travelled extensively throughout Asia and Japan working as a Belly Dancer during the 1980s through to the late 1990s. She also starred in the Australian-produced and distributed film <sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Enchanted Dance<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which sold internationally as well. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_the_United_Kingdom">In the United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belly_dance&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: In the United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Belly dance has been in evidence in the UK since the early 1960s. During the 1970s and 1980s, there was a thriving Arabic club scene in London, with live Arabic music and belly dancing a regular feature,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the last of these closed in the early 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several prominent members of the British belly dance community began their dance careers working in these clubs. </p><p>Today, there are fewer traditional venues for Arabic dance in the UK; however, there is a large amateur belly dance community. Several international belly dance festivals are now held in Britain such as The International Bellydance Congress, The London Belly Dance Festival and Majma Dance Festival.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, there are a growing number of competitions, which have increased in popularity in recent years. </p><p>The UK belly dance scene leans strongly towards the Egyptian/Arabic style, with little Turkish influence. <a href="/wiki/American_Tribal_Style" class="mw-redirect" title="American Tribal Style">American Tribal Style</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tribal_Fusion" title="Tribal Fusion">Tribal Fusion</a> belly dance are also popular.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Greece">In Greece</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belly_dance&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: In Greece"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Greek belly dancing is called <a href="/wiki/Tsifteteli" title="Tsifteteli">Tsifteteli</a>, which is Turkish for "double stringed".<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the ancient Greek dance <a href="/wiki/Cordax" title="Cordax">Cordax</a> is viewed by some to be the origins of belly dancing in Greece and perhaps the world as a whole, a connection between it and modern Greek belly dancing has yet to be established.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rather, it is generally agreed upon that belly dancing was brought to Greece via Asia Minor refugees during the <a href="/wiki/Population_exchange_between_Greece_and_Turkey" title="Population exchange between Greece and Turkey">Greek-Turkish population exchange of 1923.</a><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tsifteteli soon spread across the entirety of Greece and established itself as the most popular Greek dance alongside <a href="/wiki/Zeibekiko" title="Zeibekiko">Zeibekiko</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is characterized by a free form of movement according to the rhythm, without specific rules. It is performed almost exclusively by couples and women.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When danced by a woman "solo", it is usually done on a table full of dishes (so that she cannot take steps, but only shake her chest, waist and buttocks), while the spectators accompany her dancing with rhythmic clapping. The characteristic rhythm is in 8/4 time, arranged as either 3/3/2 eighth-notes followed by 2/2/2/xx (the last beat being silent), or sometimes the first measure is played as 2/2/x1/1x.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although there is no official dress code associated with the dance itself, professional Greek belly dancers will usually don a complete belly dancing attire in order to emphasize their movements and draw attention to their gyrating body.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In spite of its popularity in the country, there exist a contingent of Greeks that take offense to the existence of the Tsifteteli and call for an end to its performance in Greece. Believing it to not represent Greek ideals and to be a relic of Turkish oppression, they argue it affiliates Greece with the broader Middle East rather than the west which the country supposedly belongs to. These claims, while controversial, are not entirely unfounded considering that the dance is often accompanied by Arabic-sounding music. Regardless of this opposition, the dancing style continues to thrive in Greece, being performed often in every major city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Costume">Costume</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belly_dance&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Costume"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Belly_dance" title="Special:EditPage/Belly dance">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bailarina_de_Danza_Arabe_(Aisha_Bellydance).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Bailarina_de_Danza_Arabe_%28Aisha_Bellydance%29.jpg/240px-Bailarina_de_Danza_Arabe_%28Aisha_Bellydance%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Bailarina_de_Danza_Arabe_%28Aisha_Bellydance%29.jpg/360px-Bailarina_de_Danza_Arabe_%28Aisha_Bellydance%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Bailarina_de_Danza_Arabe_%28Aisha_Bellydance%29.jpg/480px-Bailarina_de_Danza_Arabe_%28Aisha_Bellydance%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="639" /></a><figcaption>Belly dancer wearing Raqs Sharqi attire</figcaption></figure> <p>The costume most commonly associated with belly dance is the 'bedlah' (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">بدلة</span>; literally "suit") style, which typically includes a fitted top or bra, a fitted hip belt, and a full-length skirt or harem pants. The bra and belt may be richly decorated with beads, sequins, crystals, coins, beaded fringe and embroidery. The belt may be a separate piece, or sewn into a skirt.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The costume or bedlah (referring to the bra, belt and skirt), of Egyptian Oriental dancers has also had the distinction as being the most popular style. However, fashions have changed over the years with the help of some outside influences.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Earlier costumes were made up of a full skirt, light chemise and tight cropped vest with heavy embellishments and jewelry.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>As well as the two-piece bedlah costume, full-length dresses are sometimes worn, especially when dancing more earthy baladi styles. Dresses range from closely fitting, highly decorated gowns, which often feature heavy embellishments and mesh-covered cutouts, to simpler designs which are often based on traditional clothing.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Egypt dancers wear the bedlah. Alternatively, some wear folkloric costume inspired by traditional dress. Modest, ethnically-inspired styles with stripes are common, but theatrical variants with mesh-filled cutouts and ornamented with sequins and bead work are also popular. Most dancers complete their costume ensemble with a sparkling hip-scarf. Egypt has laws in place, that require respecting religious and worship places, and disallowing any nudity near sacred places.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Wikipedia_and_sources_that_mirror_or_use_it" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (September 2019)">circular reference</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Regarding what dancers can and cannot wear, according to Act No. 430 of the law on the censorship of literary works, dancers must cover their upper bodies (mainly the breasts area),<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and typically a sheer skin-colored mesh fabric covering the stomach is recommended. Many dancers ignore these rules, as they are rarely enforced, and performing in revealing outfits is common in Cairo and locales popular with tourists. Celebrity dancers can earn enough in a single performance to pay fines if/when they are imposed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health">Health</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belly_dance&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Belly dance is a low-impact, weight-bearing exercise and is thus suitable for all ages and levels of fitness.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the moves involve isolations, which improves flexibility of the torso. Belly dance moves are beneficial to the spine, as the full-body undulation moves lengthen (decompress) and strengthen the entire column of spinal and <a href="/wiki/Rectus_abdominis_muscle" title="Rectus abdominis muscle">abdominal muscles</a> in a gentle way. </p><p>Dancing with a veil can help build strength in the upper body, arm and shoulders. Playing the finger cymbals (<a href="/wiki/Zill" title="Zill">sagat/zills</a>) trains fingers to work independently and builds strength. The legs and long muscles of the back are strengthened by hip movements.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_practitioners">Notable practitioners</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belly_dance&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notable practitioners"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Professional belly dancers include: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badia_Masabni" title="Badia Masabni">Badia Masabni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalilah_(belly_dancer)" title="Dalilah (belly dancer)">Dalilah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didem_(belly_dancer)" title="Didem (belly dancer)">Didem Kınalı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dina_(belly_dancer)" title="Dina (belly dancer)">Dina Talaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifi_Abdou" title="Fifi Abdou">Fifi Abdou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Layla_Taj" title="Layla Taj">Layla Taj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel_T%C3%BCrkba%C5%9F" title="Özel Türkbaş">Özel Türkbaş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadia_Gamal" title="Nadia Gamal">Nadia Gamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagwa_Fouad" title="Nagwa Fouad">Nagwa Fouad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesrin_Topkap%C4%B1" title="Nesrin Topkapı">Nesrin Topkapı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naima_Akef" title="Naima Akef">Naima Akef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samia_Gamal" title="Samia Gamal">Samia Gamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sema_Yildiz" title="Sema Yildiz">Sema Yildiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serena_Wilson" title="Serena Wilson">Serena Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soheir_Zaki" title="Soheir Zaki">Soheir Zaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taheyya_Kariokka" title="Taheyya Kariokka">Taheyya Kariokka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeinat_Olwi" title="Zeinat Olwi">Zeinat Olwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nejla_Ate%C5%9F" title="Nejla Ateş">Nejla Ateş</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belly_dance&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Egyptian belly dancer and film actress <a href="/wiki/Samia_Gamal" title="Samia Gamal">Samia Gamal</a> is credited with bringing belly dancing to <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Hollywood</a> and from there to dance schools around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1954, she famously starred as a belly dancer in the American <a href="/wiki/Eastmancolor" title="Eastmancolor">Eastmancolor</a> <a href="/wiki/Adventure_film" title="Adventure film">adventure film</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valley_of_the_Kings_(film)" title="Valley of the Kings (film)"><i>Valley of the Kings</i></a>, and the French film <a href="/wiki/Ali_Baba_and_the_Forty_Thieves_(1954_film)" title="Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves (1954 film)"><i>Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/British_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="British cinema">British cinema</a>, belly dancing features prominently in several <a href="/wiki/James_Bond_films" class="mw-redirect" title="James Bond films">James Bond films</a>, such as the 1963 film <a href="/wiki/From_Russia_With_Love_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="From Russia With Love (film)"><i>From Russia With Love</i></a>, the 1974 film <a href="/wiki/The_Man_with_the_Golden_Gun_(film)" title="The Man with the Golden Gun (film)"><i>The Man with the Golden Gun</i></a>, and the 1977 film <a href="/wiki/The_Spy_Who_Loved_Me_(film)" title="The Spy Who Loved Me (film)"><i>The Spy Who Loved Me</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Belly dancing is quite popular in various parts of the globe including India. Belly dancing has been shown in many <a href="/wiki/Bollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="Bollywood">Bollywood</a> films, and is often accompanied with Bollywood songs and dance sequences instead of the traditional Arabic style.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hollywood films regularly include sexualized belly dancers as part of <a href="/wiki/Orientalism" title="Orientalism">Orientalized</a> and exotic depictions of the Middle East.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belly_dance&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raqs_sharqi" title="Raqs sharqi">Raqs sharqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baladi" title="Baladi">Baladi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghawazi" title="Ghawazi">Ghawazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almah_(Egyptian_dancer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Almah (Egyptian dancer)">Almah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6%C3%A7ek" title="Köçek">Köçek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_dance" title="Iranian dance">Iranian dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%27alayah" title="M'alayah">M'alayah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_belly_dance_terms" title="Glossary of belly dance terms">Glossary of belly dance terms</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belly_dance&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6IOKAwAAQBAJ&dq=Middle+Eastern+form+of+dance+called+raqs+sharqi+(or+belly+dance)&pg=RA3-PA12"><i>Britannica Student Encyclopedia</i></a>. Encyclopedia Britannica. May 2014. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781625131720" title="Special:BookSources/9781625131720"><bdi>9781625131720</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britannica+Student+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.date=2014-05&rft.isbn=9781625131720&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6IOKAwAAQBAJ%26dq%3DMiddle%2BEastern%2Bform%2Bof%2Bdance%2Bcalled%2Braqs%2Bsharqi%2B%28or%2Bbelly%2Bdance%29%26pg%3DRA3-PA12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelly+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Deagon-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Deagon_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Deagon_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Deagon_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeagon" class="citation web cs1">Deagon, Andrea. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://people.uncw.edu/deagona/raqs/origins.htm">"Andrea Deagon's Raqs Sharqi"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Andrea+Deagon%27s+Raqs+Sharqi&rft.aulast=Deagon&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpeople.uncw.edu%2Fdeagona%2Fraqs%2Forigins.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelly+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReel2013" class="citation book cs1">Reel, Justine J., ed. (2013). <i>Eating disorders: an encyclopedia of causes, treatment, and prevention</i>. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Greenwood. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1440800580" title="Special:BookSources/978-1440800580"><bdi>978-1440800580</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eating+disorders%3A+an+encyclopedia+of+causes%2C+treatment%2C+and+prevention&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+Calif.&rft.pub=Greenwood&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1440800580&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelly+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuonaventura2010" class="citation book cs1">Buonaventura, Wendy (2010). <i>Serpent of the Nile : women and dance in the Arab world</i> ([Newly updated ed.] ed.). London: Saqi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0863566288" title="Special:BookSources/978-0863566288"><bdi>978-0863566288</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Serpent+of+the+Nile+%3A+women+and+dance+in+the+Arab+world&rft.place=London&rft.edition=%5BNewly+updated+ed.%5D&rft.pub=Saqi&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0863566288&rft.aulast=Buonaventura&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelly+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHammond2007" class="citation book cs1">Hammond, Andrew (2007). <i>Popular culture in the Arab world : arts, politics, and the media</i> (1. publ. ed.). Cairo, Egypt: American University in Cairo Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9774160547" title="Special:BookSources/978-9774160547"><bdi>978-9774160547</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Popular+culture+in+the+Arab+world+%3A+arts%2C+politics%2C+and+the+media&rft.place=Cairo%2C+Egypt&rft.edition=1.+publ.&rft.pub=American+University+in+Cairo+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-9774160547&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelly+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFraser2014" class="citation book cs1">Fraser, Kathleen W. 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McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780786494330" title="Special:BookSources/9780786494330"><bdi>9780786494330</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Before+They+Were+Belly+Dancers%3A+European+Accounts+of+Female+Entertainers+in+Egypt%2C+1760-1870&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2014-10-31&rft.isbn=9780786494330&rft.aulast=Fraser&rft.aufirst=Kathleen+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dnl6QBQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelly+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaulsenKuhn1976" class="citation book cs1">Paulsen, Kathryn; Kuhn, Ryan A. 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Lippincott. p. 544. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-397-01113-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-397-01113-1"><bdi>978-0-397-01113-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Woman%27s+Almanac%3A+12+How-to+Handbooks+in+One&rft.pages=544&rft.pub=Lippincott&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-397-01113-1&rft.aulast=Paulsen&rft.aufirst=Kathryn&rft.au=Kuhn%2C+Ryan+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DN9kpAQAAMAAJ%26q%3Dfrontcover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelly+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall2002" class="citation book cs1">Hall, G.K. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4IMnAQAAIAAJ&q=rontcover"><i>G.K. Hall Bibliographic Guide to Dance</i></a>. New York Public Library, Dance Division. Gale Group. p. 236. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7838-9648-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7838-9648-9"><bdi>978-0-7838-9648-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=G.K.+Hall+Bibliographic+Guide+to+Dance&rft.pages=236&rft.pub=Gale+Group&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7838-9648-9&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=G.K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4IMnAQAAIAAJ%26q%3Drontcover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelly+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStangeOysterSloan2013" class="citation book cs1">Stange, Mary Zeiss; Oyster, Carol K.; Sloan, Jane E. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PTMTBwAAQBAJ"><i>The Multimedia Encyclopedia of Women in Today's World</i></a>. SAGE Publications. p. 89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4522-7068-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4522-7068-5"><bdi>978-1-4522-7068-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Multimedia+Encyclopedia+of+Women+in+Today%27s+World&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4522-7068-5&rft.aulast=Stange&rft.aufirst=Mary+Zeiss&rft.au=Oyster%2C+Carol+K.&rft.au=Sloan%2C+Jane+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPTMTBwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelly+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS.Samir" class="citation cs2">S.Samir, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.youm7.com/story/2017/4/29/%D9%81%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%89-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%B5-12-%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%B5/3211657"><i>Twelve Egyptian dancers who created belly dancing, Shafika El Qibtya is the pioneer legendary dancer.</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Twelve+Egyptian+dancers+who+created+belly+dancing%2C+Shafika+El+Qibtya+is+the+pioneer+legendary+dancer.&rft.au=S.Samir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.youm7.com%2Fstory%2F2017%2F4%2F29%2F%25D9%2581%25D9%2589-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D9%2588%25D9%2585-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B9%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D9%2589-%25D9%2584%25D9%2584%25D8%25B1%25D9%2582%25D8%25B5-12-%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2582%25D8%25B5%25D8%25A9-%25D9%2585%25D8%25B5%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25B5%25D9%2586%25D8%25B9%25D9%2586-%25D8%25A3%25D8%25B3%25D8%25B7%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B1%25D9%2582%25D8%25B5%2F3211657&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelly+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://egyptianstreets.com/2022/05/21/badia-masabani-the-force-behind-modern-belly-dance-in-egypt/">"Badia Masabani: The Force Behind Modern Belly Dance in Egypt | Egyptian Streets"</a>. 21 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Badia+Masabani%3A+The+Force+Behind+Modern+Belly+Dance+in+Egypt+%7C+Egyptian+Streets&rft.date=2022-05-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fegyptianstreets.com%2F2022%2F05%2F21%2Fbadia-masabani-the-force-behind-modern-belly-dance-in-egypt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelly+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atlantabellydance.com/Overview/EgyptianFolkloric.html">"Overview of Belly Dance: Egyptian Folkloric style belly dancing"</a>. <i>www.atlantabellydance.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.atlantabellydance.com&rft.atitle=Overview+of+Belly+Dance%3A+Egyptian+Folkloric+style+belly+dancing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlantabellydance.com%2FOverview%2FEgyptianFolkloric.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelly+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHawthorn2019" class="citation journal cs1">Hawthorn, Ainsley (1 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euppublishing.com/doi/full/10.3366/drs.2019.0250">"Middle Eastern Dance and What We Call It"</a>. <i>Dance Research</i>. <b>37</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>17. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3366%2Fdrs.2019.0250">10.3366/drs.2019.0250</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0264-2875">0264-2875</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:194311507">194311507</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dance+Research&rft.atitle=Middle+Eastern+Dance+and+What+We+Call+It&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E17&rft.date=2019-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A194311507%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0264-2875&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3366%2Fdrs.2019.0250&rft.aulast=Hawthorn&rft.aufirst=Ainsley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euppublishing.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.3366%2Fdrs.2019.0250&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelly+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHawthorn2019" class="citation web cs1">Hawthorn, Ainsley (23 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://euppublishingblog.com/2019/05/23/middle-eastern-dance-belly-dance/">"Why do we call Middle Eastern dance "belly dance"?"</a>. <i>Edinburgh University Press Blog</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Edinburgh+University+Press+Blog&rft.atitle=Why+do+we+call+Middle+Eastern+dance+%22belly+dance%22%3F&rft.date=2019-05-23&rft.aulast=Hawthorn&rft.aufirst=Ainsley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feuppublishingblog.com%2F2019%2F05%2F23%2Fmiddle-eastern-dance-belly-dance%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelly+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/OED/9972020486">"Belly Dance, N."</a> <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i>. Oxford UP. July 2023. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2FOED%2F9972020486">10.1093/OED/9972020486</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Belly+Dance%2C+N.&rft.date=2023-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2FOED%2F9972020486&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%2FOED%2F9972020486&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelly+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Varga2011-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Varga2011_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVarga_Dinicu2011" class="citation book cs1">Varga Dinicu, Carolena (2011). <i>You Asked Aunt Rocky: Answers & Advice About Raqs Sharqi & Raqs Shaabi</i>. Virginia Beach, VA, USA: RDI Publications, LLC. p. 218. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9830690-4-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9830690-4-1"><bdi>978-0-9830690-4-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=You+Asked+Aunt+Rocky%3A+Answers+%26+Advice+About+Raqs+Sharqi+%26+Raqs+Shaabi&rft.place=Virginia+Beach%2C+VA%2C+USA&rft.pages=218&rft.pub=RDI+Publications%2C+LLC&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-9830690-4-1&rft.aulast=Varga+Dinicu&rft.aufirst=Carolena&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelly+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWise2012" class="citation book cs1">Wise, Josephine (2012). <i>The JWAAD Book of Bellydance</i>. Croydon, UK: JWAAD Ltd. pp. <span class="nowrap">60–</span>104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9573105-0-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9573105-0-6"><bdi>978-0-9573105-0-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+JWAAD+Book+of+Bellydance&rft.place=Croydon%2C+UK&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E60-%3C%2Fspan%3E104&rft.pub=JWAAD+Ltd&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-9573105-0-6&rft.aulast=Wise&rft.aufirst=Josephine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelly+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuonaventura1989" class="citation book cs1">Buonaventura, Wendy (1989). <i>Serpent of the Nile: Women and Dance in the Arab World</i>. Saqi. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86356-628-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86356-628-8"><bdi>978-0-86356-628-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Serpent+of+the+Nile%3A+Women+and+Dance+in+the+Arab+World&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Saqi&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-86356-628-8&rft.aulast=Buonaventura&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelly+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHammond2005" class="citation book cs1">Hammond, Andrew (2005). <i>Pop Culture Arab world! Media, Arts, and Lifestyle</i>. ABC-CLIO, Inc. p. 235. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85109-449-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-85109-449-0"><bdi>1-85109-449-0</bdi></a>. <q><i>the Greek historian Herodotus related the remarkable ability of Egyptians to create for themselves spontaneous fun, singing, clapping, and dancing in boats on the Nile during numerous religious festivals. It's from somewhere in this great, ancient tradition of gaiety that the belly dance emerged.</i></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pop+Culture+Arab+world%21+Media%2C+Arts%2C+and+Lifestyle&rft.pages=235&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO%2C+Inc&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-85109-449-0&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelly+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDa'Mi2014" class="citation book cs1">Da'Mi, Muhammed Al (21 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1WXqAgAAQBAJ&dq=belly+dancing+umayyads&pg=PA30"><i>Feminizing the West: Neo-Islam's Concepts of Renewal, War and the State</i></a>. AuthorHouse. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781491865231" title="Special:BookSources/9781491865231"><bdi>9781491865231</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Feminizing+the+West%3A+Neo-Islam%27s+Concepts+of+Renewal%2C+War+and+the+State&rft.pub=AuthorHouse&rft.date=2014-02-21&rft.isbn=9781491865231&rft.aulast=Da%27Mi&rft.aufirst=Muhammed+Al&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1WXqAgAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dbelly%2Bdancing%2Bumayyads%26pg%3DPA30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelly+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Textiles of Medieval Iberia: Cloth and Clothing in a Multi-cultural Context. (2022). Storbritannien: Boydell Press. p. 180-181</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fraser, K. W. (2015). Before They Were Belly Dancers: European Accounts of Female Entertainers in Egypt, 1760-1870. USA: McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers. 35-36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://azizasaid.wordpress.com/2008/08/31/a-question-of-kocek-men-in-skirts/">"A Question of Köçek – Men in Skirts"</a>. <i>Azizasaid</i>. September 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Azizasaid&rft.atitle=A+Question+of+K%C3%B6%C3%A7ek+%E2%80%93+Men+in+Skirts&rft.date=2008-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fazizasaid.wordpress.com%2F2008%2F08%2F31%2Fa-question-of-kocek-men-in-skirts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelly+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mansbridge, Joanna (2016). Fantasies of Exposure: Belly Dancing, the Veil, and the Drag of History. Journal of Popular Culture, 49(1); p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bilagher, Moritz (2024). <i>The Essence of Humanity: A Theory on the Origin of Religions and Reading of Sacred Texts</i>. Ethics International Press, p. 144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWise2012" class="citation book cs1">Wise, Josephine (2012). <i>The JWAAD Book of Bellydance</i>. JWAAD Ltd. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9573105-0-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9573105-0-6"><bdi>978-0-9573105-0-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+JWAAD+Book+of+Bellydance&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=JWAAD+Ltd.&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-9573105-0-6&rft.aulast=Wise&rft.aufirst=Josephine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelly+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-Rawi1999" class="citation book cs1">Al-Rawi, Rosina Fawzia (1999). <i>Grandmother's Secrets: The Ancient Rituals and Healing Power of Belly Dancing</i>. Interlink Books. pp. <span class="nowrap">20–</span>22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56656-302-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56656-302-4"><bdi>978-1-56656-302-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grandmother%27s+Secrets%3A+The+Ancient+Rituals+and+Healing+Power+of+Belly+Dancing&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E20-%3C%2Fspan%3E22&rft.pub=Interlink+Books&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-56656-302-4&rft.aulast=Al-Rawi&rft.aufirst=Rosina+Fawzia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelly+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gildedserpent.com/cms/2009/08/10/habibaghawazi/">Gilded Serpent "The Ghawazee: Back from the Brink of Extinction"</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_Nieuwkerk1995" class="citation book cs1">van Nieuwkerk, Karin (1995). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tradelikeanyothe00nieu"><i>A Trade Like Any Other: Female Singers and Dancers in Egypt</i></a></span>. 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(8 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wvb2DwAAQBAJ&dq=belly+dancing+popular+arab+world&pg=PA86"><i>Music around the World: A Global Encyclopedia [3 volumes]: A Global Encyclopedia</i></a>. 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University of Texas Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780292774094" title="Special:BookSources/9780292774094"><bdi>9780292774094</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pyramids+and+Nightclubs%3A+A+Travel+Ethnography+of+Arab+and+Western+Imaginations+of+Egypt%2C+from+King+Tut+and+a+Colony+of+Atlantis+to+Rumors+of+Sex+Orgies%2C+Urban+Legends+about+a+Marauding+Prince%2C+and+Blonde+Belly+Dancers&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=2010-01&rft.isbn=9780292774094&rft.aulast=Wynn&rft.aufirst=L.+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8L6HQg8G9NYC%26dq%3Dbelly%2Bdancing%2Bpopular%2Boutside%2Barab%26pg%3DPT38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelly+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Donna Carlton (1995) <i>Looking for Little Egypt</i>. Bloomington, Indiana: International Dance Discovery Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9623998-1-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-9623998-1-7">0-9623998-1-7</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1893/12/07/archives/no-more-midway-dancing-three-of-the-egyptian-girls-finded-each.html">"No More Midway Dancing; Three of the Egyptian Girls Fined $50 Each"</a></span>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 7 December 1893. p. 3<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Edison, Inc"</a>. <i>hdl.loc.gov</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hdl.loc.gov&rft.atitle=Crissie+Sheridan+%2F+Thomas+A.+Edison%2C+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.loc.gov%2Floc.mbrsmi%2Fvarsmp.1143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelly+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/varsmp.1821">"Princess Rajah dance / American Mutoscope and Biograph Company"</a>. <i>hdl.loc.gov</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hdl.loc.gov&rft.atitle=Princess+Rajah+dance+%2F+American+Mutoscope+and+Biograph+Company.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.loc.gov%2Floc.mbrsmi%2Fvarsmp.1821&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelly+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tribalbellydance.org/about.html">"About Tribal Bellydance"</a>. <i>Tribalbellydance.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tribalbellydance.org&rft.atitle=About+Tribal+Bellydance&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribalbellydance.org%2Fabout.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelly+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boisestatepublicradio.org/community-calendar-search/event/starbelly-dancers-announce-the-world-premiere-of-international-theatrical-dance-production-the-radiant-tarot-07-02-2023-19-38-34">"Starbelly Dancers Announce the World Premiere of International Theatrical Dance Production: The Radiant Tarot"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Starbelly+Dancers+Announce+the+World+Premiere+of+International+Theatrical+Dance+Production%3A+The+Radiant+Tarot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boisestatepublicradio.org%2Fcommunity-calendar-search%2Fevent%2Fstarbelly-dancers-announce-the-world-premiere-of-international-theatrical-dance-production-the-radiant-tarot-07-02-2023-19-38-34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelly+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pressreader.com/australia/womans-day-australia/20190624/283055530942445">"Belly dancer"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.google.com&rft.atitle=cordax+tsifteteli+-+%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7+Google&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fsearch%3Ftbm%3Dbks%26hl%3Del%26q%3Dcordax%2Btsifteteli%23hl%3Del%26tbo%3D1%26tbm%3Dbks%26sa%3DX%26ei%3DYFViTpfjA9KM4gSb0LCjCg%26ved%3D0CCgQBSgA%26q%3D%25CE%25BA%25CE%25BF%25CF%2581%25CE%25B4%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BE%2B%25CF%2584%25CF%2583%25CE%25B9%25CF%2586%25CF%2584%25CE%25B5%25CF%2584%25CE%25B5%25CE%25BB%25CE%25B9%26spell%3D1%26bav%3Don.2%2Cor.r_gc.r_pw.%26fp%3D95cd58ce19f03be8%26biw%3D1680%26bih%3D860&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelly+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFadmin2008" class="citation news cs1">admin (29 May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://5thelement.co.nz/tsifteteli-greek-form-of-bellydancing/">"Tsifteteli – Greek form of bellydancing"</a>. <i>5th element</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=5th+element&rft.atitle=Tsifteteli+%E2%80%93+Greek+form+of+bellydancing&rft.date=2008-05-29&rft.au=admin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F5thelement.co.nz%2Ftsifteteli-greek-form-of-bellydancing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelly+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.greeksongs-greekmusic.com/tsifteteli-the-greek-belly-dance/">"Tsifteteli | Greek belly dance is tsifteteli"</a>. 5 October 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tsifteteli+%7C+Greek+belly+dance+is+tsifteteli&rft.date=2010-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.greeksongs-greekmusic.com%2Ftsifteteli-the-greek-belly-dance%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelly+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArtem_Uzunov2019" class="citation audio-visual cs1">Artem Uzunov (12 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OsEDDcsvB-c"><i>Chiftetelli Ciftiteli Chifftatelli | Darbuka Rhythms #11</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2024</span> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chiftetelli+Ciftiteli+Chifftatelli+%7C+Darbuka+Rhythms+%2311&rft.date=2019-03-12&rft.au=Artem+Uzunov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DOsEDDcsvB-c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelly+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.instagram.com/greek.bellydancers/">"Instagram"</a>. <i>www.instagram.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.instagram.com&rft.atitle=Instagram&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.instagram.com%2Fgreek.bellydancers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelly+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEicherRossDeppe2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Eicher, Joanne Bubolz; Ross, Doran H.; Deppe, Margaret (2010). "Snapshot: Dance Costumes". <i>Berg encyclopedia of world dress and fashion</i>. Vol. 1: Africa. 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Berkeley: Ulysses Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781569754108" title="Special:BookSources/9781569754108"><bdi>9781569754108</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Belly+Dancing+For+Fitness&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=Ulysses+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781569754108&rft.aulast=Dallal&rft.aufirst=Tamalyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1sYgd9gunLEC%26q%3Dbelly%2Bdance%2Bfitness&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelly+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLo_Iacono2020" class="citation web cs1">Lo Iacono, Valeria (25 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldbellydance.com/health-benefits-belly-dance/">"WorldBellydance.com"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WorldBellydance.com&rft.date=2020-04-25&rft.aulast=Lo+Iacono&rft.aufirst=Valeria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldbellydance.com%2Fhealth-benefits-belly-dance%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelly+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Coluccia, Pina, Anette Paffrath, and Jean Putz. <i>Belly Dancing: The Sensual Art of Energy and Spirit</i>. Rochester, Vt: Park Street Press, 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.artemisyadancewear.com/samia-gamal-the-barefoot-dancer/">"Samia Gamal, "The Barefoot Dancer"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. 27 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Samia+Gamal%2C+%22The+Barefoot+Dancer%22&rft.date=2020-03-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.artemisyadancewear.com%2Fsamia-gamal-the-barefoot-dancer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelly+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChougar2024" class="citation web cs1">Chougar, Selma (8 November 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://khamsa5.com/culture/arab-idols-samia-gamal/">"Arab Idols: Samia Gamal | KHAMSA"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arab+Idols%3A+Samia+Gamal+%7C+KHAMSA&rft.date=2024-11-08&rft.aulast=Chougar&rft.aufirst=Selma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkhamsa5.com%2Fculture%2Farab-idols-samia-gamal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelly+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spymovienavigator.com/spydata/belly-dancers/">"Belly Dancers"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Belly+Dancers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspymovienavigator.com%2Fspydata%2Fbelly-dancers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelly+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bollywoodpresents.com/belly-dances-bollywood/">"Bollywoods Top 10 Belly Dances"</a>. 9 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bollywoods+Top+10+Belly+Dances&rft.date=2020-01-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bollywoodpresents.com%2Fbelly-dances-bollywood%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelly+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mediaed.org/transcripts/Reel-Bad-Arabs-Transcript.pdf">"Reel Bad Arabs: How Hollywood Vilifies a People. [Documentary Transcript]"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Directed by Jeremy Earp and Sut Jhally. Written by Jeremy Earp and Jack Shaheen. Media Education Foundation, 60 Masonic St. Northampton, MA 01060</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160804021436/http://www.mediaed.org:80/transcripts/Reel-Bad-Arabs-Transcript.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 4 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Directed+by+Jeremy+Earp+and+Sut+Jhally.+Written+by+Jeremy+Earp+and+Jack+Shaheen.+Media+Education+Foundation%2C+60+Masonic+St.+Northampton%2C+MA+01060.&rft.atitle=Reel+Bad+Arabs%3A+How+Hollywood+Vilifies+a+People.+%5BDocumentary+Transcript%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mediaed.org%2Ftranscripts%2FReel-Bad-Arabs-Transcript.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelly+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span 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talk:Dance"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dance" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dance"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dance369" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dance" title="Dance">Dance</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_dance_articles" title="Index of dance articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_dance" title="Outline of dance">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dances" title="List of dances">List of dances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dancers" title="List of dancers">List of dancers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Participation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solo_dance" title="Solo dance">Solo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partner_dance" title="Partner dance">Partner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Close_embrace" title="Close embrace">close embrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_position" title="Closed position">closed position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_position" title="Open position">open position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_dance" title="Slow dance">slow dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_dance" title="Circle dance">circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contra_dance" title="Contra dance">contra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_dance" title="Line dance">line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_dance" title="Round dance">round</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_dance" title="Square dance">square</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Social_dance" title="Social dance">Social</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_dance" title="Ceremonial dance">Ceremonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competitive_dance" title="Competitive dance">Competitive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_dance" title="Concert dance">Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecstatic_dance" title="Ecstatic dance">Ecstatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_dance" title="Erotic dance">Erotic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Go_go_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Go go dance">Go go dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grinding_(dance)" title="Grinding (dance)">Grinding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoochie_coochie" title="Hoochie coochie">Hoochie coochie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lap_dance" title="Lap dance">Lap dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Burlesque" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Burlesque">Neo-Burlesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pole_dance" title="Pole dance">Pole dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striptease" title="Striptease">Striptease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_dance" title="Table dance">Table dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twerking" title="Twerking">Twerking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_dance" title="Folk dance">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_crazes" title="Dance crazes">Dance crazes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_dance" title="Sacred dance">Sacred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_dance" title="Street dance">Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_dance" title="War dance">War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_dance_styles" title="List of dance styles">Styles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acro_dance" title="Acro dance">Acro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballet" title="Ballet">Ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballroom_dance" title="Ballroom dance">Ballroom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formation_dance" title="Formation dance">formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waltz" title="Waltz">waltz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Belly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boogaloo_(funk_dance)" title="Boogaloo (funk dance)">Boogaloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakdancing" title="Breakdancing">Breaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_dance" title="Contemporary dance">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country%E2%80%93western_dance" title="Country–western dance">Country–western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco" title="Flamenco">Flamenco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip-hop_dance" title="Hip-hop dance">Hip-hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_dance" title="Historical dance">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_dance" title="Jazz dance">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_dance" title="Latin dance">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyrical_dance" title="Lyrical dance">Lyrical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_dance" title="Modern dance">Modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polka" title="Polka">Polka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_dance" title="Postmodern dance">Postmodern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing_(dance)" title="Swing (dance)">Swing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tap_dance" title="Tap dance">Tap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-step_(dance_move)" title="Two-step (dance move)">Two-step</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Dance_technique" title="Category:Dance technique">Technique</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballet_technique" title="Ballet technique">Ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choreography_(dance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Choreography (dance)">Choreography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connection_(dance)" title="Connection (dance)">Connection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_theory" title="Dance theory">Dance theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_technique" title="Graham technique">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_and_follow" title="Lead and follow">Lead and follow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_move" title="Dance move">Moves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_dance_moves" title="Glossary of dance moves">glossary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musicality" title="Musicality">Musicality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointe_technique" title="Pointe technique">Pointe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pole_dance" title="Pole dance">Pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequence_dance" title="Sequence dance">Sequence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotting_(dance_technique)" title="Spotting (dance technique)">Spotting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnout_(ballet)" title="Turnout (ballet)">Turnout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turn_(dance_and_gymnastics)" title="Turn (dance and gymnastics)">Turns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic,_regional,_and_folk_dances_by_origin" title="List of ethnic, regional, and folk dances by origin">Regional</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_national_dances" title="List of national dances">national<br />dances</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_dance" title="African dance">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Albanian_dances" title="List of Albanian dances">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_folk_dances" title="Arab folk dances">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_dance" title="Armenian dance">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_folk_dance" title="Assyrian folk dance">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Australia" title="Dance in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_folk_dance" title="Austrian folk dance">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_dances" title="Azerbaijani dances">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_traditional_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Belarusian traditional dance">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_dances" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian dances">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_dance" title="Burmese dance">Burma (Myanmar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Cambodia" title="Dance in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Cameroon" title="Dance in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Canada" title="Dance in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_China" title="Dance in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_dances" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian dances">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_from_Cuba" title="Dance from Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_folk_dance" title="Danish folk dance">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_dances" title="European dances">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faroese_chain_dance" title="Faroese chain dance">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_dance" title="Georgian dance">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_dances" title="Greek dances">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian dance">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_India" title="Dance in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Indonesia" title="Dance in Indonesia">Indonesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_dance" title="Balinese dance">Bali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Javanese dance">Java</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Sundanese dance">Sunda</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dances_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Dances in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_dance" title="Irish dance">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_folk_dancing" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli folk dancing">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_folk_dance" title="Italian folk dance">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_traditional_dance" title="Japanese traditional dance">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Kiribati" title="Dance in Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_dance" title="Korean dance">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_dance" title="Kurdish dance">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Malaysia" title="Dance in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_dance_of_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk dance of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_dance" title="Middle Eastern dance">Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Nepal" title="Dance in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_folk_dance" title="Dutch folk dance">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Nicaragua" class="mw-redirect" title="Dance in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_dances" class="mw-redirect" title="Peruvian dances">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine dance">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_folk_dances" title="Polish folk dances">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek_folk_dance" title="Pontic Greek folk dance">Pontic Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_dance" title="Romani dance">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_folk_dance" title="Russian folk dance">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_dances" title="Serbian dances">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Singapore" title="Dance in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Dance in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Thailand" title="Dance in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish dance">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_dance" title="Ukrainian dance">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_the_United_States" title="Dance in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_dance" title="African-American dance">African-American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Uzbekistan" title="Dance in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Venezuela" title="Dance in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Vietnamese_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional Vietnamese dance">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_of_Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Dance of Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Zimbabwe" title="Dance in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Dance" title="Category:Dance">Related</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Physically_integrated_dance" title="Physically integrated dance">Dance and disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_and_health" title="Dance and health">Dance and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dance_awards" title="List of dance awards">Dance awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_costume" title="Dance costume">Dance costume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_etiquette" title="Dance etiquette">Dance etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_notation" title="Dance notation">Dance notation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_film" title="Dance in film">Dance in film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_mythology_and_religion" title="Dance in mythology and religion">Dance in mythology and religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dance_occupations" title="List of dance occupations">Dance occupations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_on_television" title="Dance on television">Dance on television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_research" title="Dance research">Dance research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_science" title="Dance science">Dance science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_technology" title="Dance technology">Dance technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_troupe" title="Dance troupe">Dance troupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dancing_mania" title="Dancing mania">Dancing mania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_dance" title="History of dance">History of dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_dance" title="Women in dance">Women in dance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox1413" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182863#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Belly dance"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85013063">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Danse orientale"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12068592g">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Danse orientale"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12068592g">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="břišní tanec"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph123427&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007283278405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belly_dance&oldid=1277155664">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belly_dance&oldid=1277155664</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Belly_dance" title="Category:Belly dance">Belly dance</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Egypt" title="Category:Culture of Egypt">Culture of Egypt</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Egyptian_dances" title="Category:Egyptian dances">Egyptian dances</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Arab_culture" title="Category:Arab culture">Arab culture</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_the_Arab_world" title="Category:Society of the Arab world">Society of the Arab world</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Arab_dance" title="Category:Arab dance">Arab dance</a></li><li><a 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