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<li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ice_wine_producers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ice_wine_producers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ice wine producers</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ice_wine_producers-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span 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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Production-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Production subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Requirements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Requirements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Requirements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Requirements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cryoextraction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cryoextraction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Cryoextraction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cryoextraction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grape_varieties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grape_varieties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Grape varieties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grape_varieties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Characteristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Characteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Characteristics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ice wine</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Ледено вино – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ледено вино" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi_de_gel" title="Vi de gel – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vi de gel" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Айсвайн – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Айсвайн" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledov%C3%A9_v%C3%ADno" title="Ledové víno – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ledové víno" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isvin" title="Isvin – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Isvin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiswein" title="Eiswein – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Eiswein" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%8D" title="Οίνος του παγετού – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οίνος του παγετού" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vino_de_hielo" title="Vino de hielo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vino de hielo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacivino" title="Glacivino – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Glacivino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8_%DB%8C%D8%AE%DB%8C" title="شراب یخی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شراب یخی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vin_de_glace" title="Vin de glace – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vin de glace" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4%EC%99%80%EC%9D%B8" title="아이스와인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아이스와인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vino_di_ghiaccio" title="Vino di ghiaccio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vino di ghiaccio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%97" title="יין קרח – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יין קרח" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Es_anggur" title="Es anggur – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Es anggur" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="აისვაინი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აისვაინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A9gbor" title="Jégbor – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jégbor" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Ледено вино – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ледено вино" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJswijn" title="IJswijn – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="IJswijn" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3" title="アイスワイン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アイスワイン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isvin" title="Isvin – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Isvin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wino_lodowe" title="Wino lodowe – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wino lodowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinho_de_gelo" title="Vinho de gelo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vinho de gelo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Ледяное вино – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ледяное вино" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledeno_vino" title="Ledeno vino – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ledeno vino" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A4%C3%A4viini" title="Jääviini – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jääviini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isvin" title="Isvin – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Isvin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzlu_%C5%9Farap" title="Buzlu şarap – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Buzlu şarap" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Крижане вино – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Крижане вино" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3u_vang_%C4%91%C3%A1" title="Rượu vang đá – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Rượu vang đá" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E9%85%92" title="冰酒 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="冰酒" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q828135#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ice_wine" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Ice_wine" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Glacière" redirects here. For the Paris Métro station with that name, see <a href="/wiki/Glaci%C3%A8re_(Paris_M%C3%A9tro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Glacière (Paris Métro)">Glacière (Paris Métro)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Dessert wine produced from frozen grapes</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frozen_grapes_in_Luxembourg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Frozen_grapes_in_Luxembourg.jpg/220px-Frozen_grapes_in_Luxembourg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Frozen_grapes_in_Luxembourg.jpg/330px-Frozen_grapes_in_Luxembourg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Frozen_grapes_in_Luxembourg.jpg/440px-Frozen_grapes_in_Luxembourg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2176" /></a><figcaption>Grapevines in Luxembourg being grown for ice wine</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Candian_icewine_bottles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Candian_icewine_bottles.jpg/220px-Candian_icewine_bottles.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Candian_icewine_bottles.jpg/330px-Candian_icewine_bottles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Candian_icewine_bottles.jpg/440px-Candian_icewine_bottles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2967" data-file-height="2712" /></a><figcaption>Ice wines produced from the <a href="/wiki/Niagara_College_Teaching_Winery" title="Niagara College Teaching Winery">Niagara College Teaching Winery</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Icewine</b> (or <b>ice wine</b>; <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Eiswein</i>) is a type of <a href="/wiki/Dessert_wine" title="Dessert wine">dessert wine</a> produced from <a href="/wiki/Grape" title="Grape">grapes</a> that have been <a href="/wiki/Freezing" title="Freezing">frozen</a> while still on the <a href="/wiki/Vine" title="Vine">vine</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugars</a> and other dissolved solids do not freeze, but the water does, allowing for a more concentrated grape juice to develop. The grapes' <a href="/wiki/Must" title="Must">must</a> is then <a href="/wiki/Pressed_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pressed (wine)">pressed</a> from the frozen grapes, resulting in a smaller amount of more concentrated, very sweet juice. With icewines, the freezing happens before the <a href="/wiki/Fermentation_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermentation (wine)">fermentation</a>, not afterwards. Unlike the grapes from which other dessert wines are made, such as <a href="/wiki/Sauternes_(wine)" title="Sauternes (wine)">Sauternes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokaji" title="Tokaji">Tokaji</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Trockenbeerenauslese" title="Trockenbeerenauslese">Trockenbeerenauslese</a>, icewine grapes should not be affected by <i><a href="/wiki/Botrytis_cinerea" title="Botrytis cinerea">Botrytis cinerea</a></i> or <a href="/wiki/Noble_rot" title="Noble rot">noble rot</a>, at least not to any great degree. Only healthy grapes keep in good shape until the opportunity arises for an icewine harvest, which in extreme cases can occur after the New Year, on a northern hemisphere calendar. This gives icewine its characteristic refreshing sweetness balanced by high acidity. When the grapes are free of <i>Botrytis</i>, they are said to come in "clean". This results in a very complex and sweet wine. Much icewine is made from the grapes <a href="/wiki/Riesling" title="Riesling">Riesling</a>, Vidal, <a href="/wiki/Cabernet_Franc" title="Cabernet Franc">Cabernet Franc</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cabernet_Sauvignon" title="Cabernet Sauvignon">Cabernet Sauvignon</a>, but there is also icewine made from <a href="/wiki/Syrah" title="Syrah">Shiraz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merlot" title="Merlot">Merlot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sangiovese" title="Sangiovese">Sangiovese</a> and others. </p><p>Icewine production is risky (the frost may not come at all before the grapes rot or are otherwise lost) and requires the availability of a large enough labour force to pick the whole crop within a few hours, at a moment's notice, on the first morning that is cold enough. The grapes for icewine must only be harvested when they are frozen naturally and the temperature must be -8 C (20°F) or below when they are picked. This results in relatively small amounts of ice wine being made worldwide, making icewines generally expensive. </p><p>Icewine production is limited to that minority of the world's wine-growing regions where the necessary cold temperatures can be expected to be reached with some regularity. Canada is the world's largest producer of icewine, producing a greater volume of icewine than all other countries combined with Ontario producing over 90% of Canada's icewine,<sup id="cite_ref-bcw_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bcw-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> followed by Germany. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_wine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are indications that frozen grapes were used to make wine in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> times.<sup id="cite_ref-WP_Eiswein_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WP_Eiswein-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a> (AD 23 – 79) wrote that certain grape varieties were not harvested before the first frost had occurred. The poet <a href="/wiki/Martial" title="Martial">Martial</a> recommended that grapes should be left on the vine until November or until they were stiff with frost.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Details as to the winemaking and description of these wines are unknown. It cannot be completely ruled out that the descriptions refer to <a href="/wiki/Straw_wine" title="Straw wine">dried grape wines</a>, a common style of wine in Roman times, where the <a href="/wiki/Raisin" title="Raisin">raisin</a>-like grapes were harvested late enough for the first frost to have fallen. In either case, the method seems later to have been forgotten. Wine from Chiomonte in the Val di Susa was popular in Roman times and this town still today produces one of Italy's few ice wines. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bingen_Eiswein_Denkmal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Bingen_Eiswein_Denkmal.jpg/220px-Bingen_Eiswein_Denkmal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Bingen_Eiswein_Denkmal.jpg/330px-Bingen_Eiswein_Denkmal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Bingen_Eiswein_Denkmal.jpg/440px-Bingen_Eiswein_Denkmal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2496" data-file-height="1664" /></a><figcaption>Monument commemorating the first harvest of ice wine in <a href="/wiki/Bingen_am_Rhein" title="Bingen am Rhein">Bingen</a> in 1830</figcaption></figure> <p>It is believed that the first post-Roman icewine was made in <a href="/wiki/Franconia_(wine_region)" title="Franconia (wine region)">Franconia</a> in 1794.<sup id="cite_ref-fingers_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fingers-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Better documentation exists for an ice-wine harvest in <a href="/wiki/Dromersheim" class="mw-redirect" title="Dromersheim">Dromersheim</a> close to <a href="/wiki/Bingen_am_Rhein" title="Bingen am Rhein">Bingen</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rheinhessen_(wine_region)" title="Rheinhessen (wine region)">Rheinhessen</a> on February 11, 1830. The grapes were of the 1829 vintage. That winter was harsh and some wine growers had the idea to leave grapes hanging on the vine for use as animal <a href="/wiki/Fodder" title="Fodder">fodder</a>. When it was noticed that these grapes yielded very sweet <a href="/wiki/Must" title="Must">must</a>, they were pressed and an icewine was produced.<sup id="cite_ref-WP_Eiswein_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WP_Eiswein-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sweet wines produced from <a href="/wiki/Late_harvest" class="mw-redirect" title="Late harvest">late harvested</a> grapes were well-established as the most valued <a href="/wiki/German_wine" title="German wine">German wine</a> style by the early 19th century, following the discovery of <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A4tlese" title="Spätlese">Spätlese</a> at <a href="/wiki/Schloss_Johannisberg" title="Schloss Johannisberg">Schloss Johannisberg</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rheingau_(wine_region)" title="Rheingau (wine region)">Rheingau</a> in 1775, and the subsequent introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Auslese" title="Auslese">Auslese</a> designation. These wines would usually be produced from grapes affected by noble rot. Thus, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">eiswein</i></span> is a more recent German wine style than the botrytised wines. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_wine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Throughout the 19th century and until 1960, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">eiswein</i></span> harvests were a rare occurrence in Germany. Only six 19th-century vintages with <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">eiswein</i></span> harvests have been documented, including 1858, the first <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">eiswein</i></span> at Schloss Johannisberg.<sup id="cite_ref-WP_Eiswein_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WP_Eiswein-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was little effort to systematically produce these wines during this period, and their production was probably the rare result of freak weather conditions. It was the invention of the <a href="/wiki/Pneumatic_bladder" title="Pneumatic bladder">pneumatic bladder</a> press which made the production of ice wine practical and led to a substantial increase in the frequency and quantity of production. </p><p>Production of a number of German icewines began to increase in 1961, and the wine increased in popularity in the following years.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The production has been assisted by other technological inventions in the form of electric lighting driven by portable generators (to assist harvest in the cold hours of early-morning darkness, before sunrise and the grapes thaw), and remotely-controlled temperature alarms. After re-thawing, the grapes will spoil quickly since ice crystals destroy cell walls. Thus, the harvest must be completed within a few hours on the first morning that is cold enough. Plastic films are used for "packaging" the vines during the waiting period between ripeness and first frost to protect the <a href="/wiki/Ripe_grapes" class="mw-redirect" title="Ripe grapes">ripe grapes</a> from being eaten by wildlife.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_wine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Icewine was first produced in the <a href="/wiki/Okanagan_Valley_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Okanagan Valley (wine)">Okanagan Valley</a> of <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> by German immigrant Walter Hainle in 1972. This icewine was the result of an early and unexpected frost, and yielded 40 litres (8.8 imp gal; 11 US gal) of wine, which Hainle originally did not intend to sell, although he did so in 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Icewinevineyard.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Icewinevineyard.JPG/170px-Icewinevineyard.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Icewinevineyard.JPG/255px-Icewinevineyard.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Icewinevineyard.JPG/340px-Icewinevineyard.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Icewine grapevines at <a href="/wiki/Inniskillin" title="Inniskillin">Inniskillin</a>. The winery was the first in Canada to produce icewine for commercial purposes in 1984.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1983, <a href="/wiki/Niagara_Peninsula" title="Niagara Peninsula">Niagara</a>-based wineries <a href="/wiki/Inniskillin" title="Inniskillin">Inniskillin</a>'s and <a href="/wiki/Reif_Estate_Winery" title="Reif Estate Winery">Reif Estate Winery</a>, as well as Hillebrand, and <a href="/wiki/Pelee_Island_Winery" title="Pelee Island Winery">Pelee Island Winery</a>, two wineries with Austrian winemakers situated in another part of <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, all left grapes on their vines in an attempt to produce icewine. Inniskillin and Reif lost their entire crop to hungry birds, while Hillebrand and Pelee Island were able to harvest a minuscule amount of frozen grapes.<sup id="cite_ref-AA_Kings_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AA_Kings-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1984, Inniskillin winery was the first winery in Canada to produce icewine for commercial purposes, produced in 1984 under the direction of the winery's <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austrian</a>-born co-owner <a href="/wiki/Karl_Kaiser" title="Karl Kaiser">Karl Kaiser</a>, often being mentioned as Canada's first icewine as they were "naturally frozen on the vine".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fingers_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fingers-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kaiser used nets to protect his vines and was able to produce Inniskillin's first icewine. This wine was made from <a href="/wiki/Vidal_blanc" title="Vidal blanc">Vidal</a> grapes and was labelled "Eiswein". </p><p>After icewine production established a commercial footing, Canadian icewine quickly became popular with domestic consumers and reviewers. Other Canadian producers and regions picked up the idea since harsh Canadian winters lend themselves to large-scale production. The international breakthrough of Canadian icewine came in 1991, when Inniskillin's 1989 Vidal icewine won the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Grand Prix d'Honneur</i></span> at <a href="/wiki/Vinexpo" title="Vinexpo">Vinexpo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AA_Kings_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AA_Kings-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Canadian trend towards increased cultivation of <i><a href="/wiki/Vitis_vinifera" title="Vitis vinifera">Vitis vinifera</a></i> (European) grape varieties in the 1990s expanded the palette of varieties available to be bitten by frost. By the early 2000s, Canada was established as the largest producer of icewine in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2001, the EU allowed the importation of Canadian icewine hence recognizing the standard equivalency.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ice_wine_producers">Ice wine producers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_wine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ice wine producers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada_2">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_wine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Canadian_wine" title="Canadian wine">Canadian wine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E9%9B%AA%E5%8E%82%E9%85%92%E5%8E%82_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/%E9%9B%AA%E5%8E%82%E9%85%92%E5%8E%82_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-%E9%9B%AA%E5%8E%82%E9%85%92%E5%8E%82_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/%E9%9B%AA%E5%8E%82%E9%85%92%E5%8E%82_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-%E9%9B%AA%E5%8E%82%E9%85%92%E5%8E%82_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/%E9%9B%AA%E5%8E%82%E9%85%92%E5%8E%82_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-%E9%9B%AA%E5%8E%82%E9%85%92%E5%8E%82_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Casks of wine outside The Ice House Winery. The winery is one of many wineries in the <a href="/wiki/Niagara_Peninsula" title="Niagara Peninsula">Niagara Peninsula</a> that produces ice wine.</figcaption></figure> <p>In contrast to most other wine-producing regions, Canada, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Niagara_Peninsula" title="Niagara Peninsula">Niagara Peninsula</a>, consistently undergoes freezing in winter and has become the world's largest icewine producer.<sup id="cite_ref-OCW-canada_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OCW-canada-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jr-canada_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jr-canada-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, Canada produces a greater volume of icewine than all other countries combined.<sup id="cite_ref-bcw_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bcw-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Approximately 90 per cent of all icewine produced in Canada originate from <a href="/wiki/Ontario_wine" title="Ontario wine">Ontario-based wineries</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with wineries in Ontario producing approximately 800,000 litres (210,000 US gal) of ice wine in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it is also produced in all other wine growing provinces of Canada, including British Columbia, Quebec, and Nova Scotia.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Icewine production is regulated by the <a href="/wiki/Vintners_Quality_Alliance" title="Vintners Quality Alliance">VQA</a> in the provinces of British Columbia and Ontario. If the sugar level in the grapes measures less than 35° <a href="/wiki/Brix" title="Brix">Brix</a>, then they may not be used for icewine, a minimum considerably higher than that of German Eiswein.<sup id="cite_ref-OCW-canada_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OCW-canada-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These grapes are often downgraded to a lower designation, such as Special Select Late Harvest or Select Late Harvest. Canadian rules were further tightened in British Columbia in 2000 after a producer dealt with the mild winter of 1999 by moving grapes up to the mountains to seek freezing temperatures.<sup id="cite_ref-jr-ice_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jr-ice-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though Pelee Island Winery and Hillebrand were Canada's first commercial icewine producers, starting production in 1983, <a href="/wiki/Inniskillin_Wines" class="mw-redirect" title="Inniskillin Wines">Inniskillin Wines</a> is considered the most widely known Canadian icewine producer as the first Canadian winery to win a major international award, the Grand Prix d’Honneur at 1991 Vinexpo in France, with their 1989 Vidal Icewine (which was technically an illegal import into the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a><sup id="cite_ref-OCW-canada_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OCW-canada-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), placing Canadian icewines on the world stage.<sup id="cite_ref-wac_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wac-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pillitteri Estates Winery has emerged in the 2000s as the world's largest estate icewine producer.<sup id="cite_ref-wac_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wac-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 2006, Canadian producer Royal DeMaria released five cases of <a href="/wiki/Chardonnay" title="Chardonnay">Chardonnay</a> icewine with a half-bottle price set at <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">C$</a> 30,000, making it the world's most expensively priced wine.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China">China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_wine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>China is the second largest global producer of ice wine, and produces approximately 40% of the world's ice wine, and with significant portions of the industry occurring in <a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Lioaning</a> provinces, and smaller portions in <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>. Cold weather in Gansu province requires the trenching of vines to prevent die-off, but the region has conditions that lead to resilience to rots and is low in industrial pollution.<sup id="cite_ref-Jing_2018_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jing_2018-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_wine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/German_wine" title="German wine">German wine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dr_Loosen_and_Robert_Weil_wine_bottles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Dr_Loosen_and_Robert_Weil_wine_bottles.jpg/220px-Dr_Loosen_and_Robert_Weil_wine_bottles.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Dr_Loosen_and_Robert_Weil_wine_bottles.jpg/330px-Dr_Loosen_and_Robert_Weil_wine_bottles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Dr_Loosen_and_Robert_Weil_wine_bottles.jpg/440px-Dr_Loosen_and_Robert_Weil_wine_bottles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1821" data-file-height="1794" /></a><figcaption>Icewine produced by <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Loosen" title="Ernst Loosen">Ernst Loosen</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Palatinate_(wine_region)" title="Palatinate (wine region)">Rhine Palatinate</a>-based winery</figcaption></figure> <p>The most famous (and expensive) icewines are German <i>Eiswein</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but icewine is also made in European countries such as Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Georgia, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland at least in smaller quantity.<sup id="cite_ref-Jing_2018_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jing_2018-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Eiswein</i> is part of the <i>Prädikatswein</i> quality category in the <a href="/wiki/German_wine_classification" title="German wine classification">German wine classification</a>. The French language term <i>Vin de glace</i> is part of the wine classification in Luxembourg, but not in France, but is sometimes found on the rare bottles of icewine produced in <a href="/wiki/Alsace_wine" title="Alsace wine">Alsace</a>. In most of France, the climate is too warm for icewine production. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japan">Japan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_wine&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_wine" title="Japanese wine">Japanese wine</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Furano,_Hokkaido" title="Furano, Hokkaido">Furano</a> region of Central <a href="/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido">Hokkaido</a>, Japan, produces an icewine each winter at the Furano Winery.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because such a small amount can be made each year, it is produced in limited batches and sold only at the cellar door, 3.3 kilometres from Furano Station. The Furano Wine icewine is produced only in red. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_wine&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Northern Michigan wineries continue to follow the German laws that govern what wine qualifies as icewine, which dictates that icewine must be picked only when the grapes are frozen on the vine. In 2002, six Michigan wineries produced over 13,000 half-bottles of ice wine, a record at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A growing number of wineries near <a href="/wiki/Lake_Erie" title="Lake Erie">Lake Erie</a>, especially in Pennsylvania, New York, and <a href="/wiki/Ashtabula_County,_Ohio" title="Ashtabula County, Ohio">Ashtabula County, Ohio</a>, also produce icewine.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The US law for icewines specifies that grapes must be naturally frozen. The TTB (Tax and Trade Bureau) regulations state that "Wine made from grapes frozen after harvest may not be labeled with the term 'icewine' or any variation thereof, and if the wine is labeled to suggest it was made from frozen grapes, the label must be qualified to show that the grapes were frozen postharvest."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_wine&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ice_wine_grapes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Ice_wine_grapes.jpg/220px-Ice_wine_grapes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Ice_wine_grapes.jpg/330px-Ice_wine_grapes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Ice_wine_grapes.jpg/440px-Ice_wine_grapes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1172" /></a><figcaption>Ice wine grapes freezing over at a Niagara-based winery. Most ice wine producing countries require the grapes to be frozen naturally in order to receive its designation.</figcaption></figure> <p>Natural icewines require a hard <a href="/wiki/Freezing" title="Freezing">freeze</a> (by law in Canada −8 °C (18 °F))<sup id="cite_ref-fingers_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fingers-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ontariograpes_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ontariograpes-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or colder, and in Germany −7 °C (19 °F) or colder), to occur sometime after the grapes are <a href="/wiki/Ripening" title="Ripening">ripe</a>, which means that the grapes may hang on the <a href="/wiki/Vine" title="Vine">vine</a> for several months following the normal harvest. If a freeze does not come quickly enough, the grapes may rot and the crop will be lost. If the freeze is too severe, no juice can be extracted. Vineland Winery in Ontario once broke their pneumatic press in the 1990s while pressing the frozen grapes because they were too hard (the temperature was close to −20 °C (−4 °F)).<sup id="cite_ref-lawlor_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lawlor-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The longer the harvest is delayed, the more fruit will be lost to wild animals and dropped fruit. Since the fruit must be pressed while it is still frozen, pickers often must work at night or very early in the morning, harvesting the grapes within a few hours, while cellar workers must work in unheated spaces.<sup id="cite_ref-lawlor_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lawlor-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The high sugar level in the <a href="/wiki/Must" title="Must">must</a> leads to a slower-than-normal fermentation. It may take months to complete the fermentation (compared to days or weeks for regular wines) and <a href="/wiki/Yeast_in_winemaking" title="Yeast in winemaking">special strains of yeasts</a> should be used. Because of the lower yield of grape musts and the difficulty of processing, icewines are significantly more expensive than <a href="/wiki/Table_wine" title="Table wine">table wines</a>. They are often sold in half-bottle volume (375 mL) or the even smaller 200ml bottle. New World wineries in particular sometimes bottle 200 mL and 50 mL gift packages. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Requirements">Requirements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_wine&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Requirements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The minimum <a href="/wiki/Must_weight" title="Must weight">must weight</a> requirements for icewine is as follows, in the measures used in the respective country: </p> <ul><li>For German Eiswein, 110 to 128 degrees <a href="/wiki/Oechsle_scale" title="Oechsle scale">Oechsle</a>, the same as for <a href="/wiki/Beerenauslese" title="Beerenauslese">Beerenauslese</a>, depending on the region (<a href="/wiki/European_Union_wine_growing_zones" title="European Union wine growing zones">wine growing zone</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Grape_variety" class="mw-redirect" title="Grape variety">grape variety</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>For Austrian Eiswein, 25 <a href="/wiki/Degrees_KMW" class="mw-redirect" title="Degrees KMW">degrees KMW</a>, the same as for Beerenauslese,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> corresponding to 127 °Oechsle.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>For Canadian Icewine, 35 <a href="/wiki/Degrees_Brix" class="mw-redirect" title="Degrees Brix">degrees Brix</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Ontariograpes_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ontariograpes-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> corresponding to 153.5 °Oechsle.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>For Luxembourg Vin de glace, 120 °Oechsle.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cryoextraction">Cryoextraction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_wine&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cryoextraction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Cryoextraction" redirects here. For the medical term, see <a href="/wiki/Cryoextraction_(medicine)" title="Cryoextraction (medicine)">Cryoextraction (medicine)</a>.</div> <p>In Austria, Germany, the US, and Canada, the grapes must freeze naturally to be called icewine. In other countries, some winemakers use <b>cryoextraction</b> (mechanical freezing) to simulate the effect of a frost and typically do not leave the grapes to hang for extended periods as is done with natural icewines. </p><p>Cryoextraction is the process by which <a href="/wiki/Grapes" class="mw-redirect" title="Grapes">grapes</a> are frozen with refrigeration and pressed. <a href="/wiki/Vintner" class="mw-redirect" title="Vintner">Winemakers</a> subject grapes to temperatures around 20 degrees Fahrenheit (or −7 degrees Celsius), and press them while still frozen. Ice crystals remain in the press, while concentrated juice flows out. The resulting wine resembles ice wine. The process of <i><a href="/wiki/Freeze_distillation" class="mw-redirect" title="Freeze distillation">freeze distillation</a></i> is similar in its concentrating effects, although it occurs after fermentation. </p><p>These non-traditional wines are sometimes referred to as "icebox wines".<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This may be in reaction to restrictions on using the term "ice wine", such as was ruled in the United States of America in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An example is <a href="/wiki/Bonny_Doon_Vineyard" title="Bonny Doon Vineyard">Bonny Doon</a>'s <i>Vin de Glacière</i> or <a href="/wiki/King_Estate" class="mw-redirect" title="King Estate">King Estate</a>'s Vin Glace (made from <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a> <a href="/wiki/Pinot_gris" title="Pinot gris">Pinot gris</a> grapes). German wine law entirely bans post-harvest freezing methods, even if not labeled "Eiswein". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grape_varieties">Grape varieties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_wine&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Grape varieties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Icewine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Icewine.jpg/220px-Icewine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Icewine.jpg/330px-Icewine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Icewine.jpg/440px-Icewine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Examples of red grape ice wines, including <a href="/wiki/Cabernet_Franc" title="Cabernet Franc">Cabernet Franc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cabernet_Sauvignon" title="Cabernet Sauvignon">Cabernet Sauvignon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Syrah" title="Syrah">Shiraz</a> from the Niagara-based Pillitteri Estates Winery</figcaption></figure> <p>Typical grapes used for icewine production are <a href="/wiki/Riesling" title="Riesling">Riesling</a>, considered to be the noblest variety by German winemakers; <a href="/wiki/Vidal_blanc" title="Vidal blanc">Vidal</a>, highly popular in Ontario, Canada; and the red grape <a href="/wiki/Cabernet_Franc" title="Cabernet Franc">Cabernet Franc</a>. Many vintners, especially from the New World, are experimenting with making icewine from other varieties: whites such as <a href="/wiki/Seyval_blanc" title="Seyval blanc">Seyval blanc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chardonnay" title="Chardonnay">Chardonnay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerner_(grape)" title="Kerner (grape)">Kerner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gew%C3%BCrztraminer" title="Gewürztraminer">Gewürztraminer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muscat_Ottonel" title="Muscat Ottonel">Muscat Ottonel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chenin_blanc" title="Chenin blanc">Chenin blanc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pinot_blanc" title="Pinot blanc">Pinot blanc</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ehrenfelser" title="Ehrenfelser">Ehrenfelser</a>, or reds such as <a href="/wiki/Merlot" title="Merlot">Merlot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pinot_noir" title="Pinot noir">Pinot noir</a>, and even <a href="/wiki/Cabernet_Sauvignon" title="Cabernet Sauvignon">Cabernet Sauvignon</a>. Pillitteri Estates Winery from the Niagara-on-the-Lake region of Ontario claim to be the first winery in the world producing <a href="/wiki/Syrah" title="Syrah">Shiraz (Syrah)</a> icewine with the 2004 vintage, Semillion, and Sangiovese in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Icewines from white varieties tend to be pale yellow or light gold in color when they are young and can <a href="/wiki/Maderisation" title="Maderisation">maderise</a> (acquiring a deep amber-golden color) as they age. The red varieties tend to have a light burgundy or even pink color like that of rosé wines, since the steeping of the skins in the pressed liquid typically used in red wine making is obviously not possible in ice wine production. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_wine&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Even though it is normal for residual sugar content in icewine to run from 180 g/L up to as high as 320 g/L (with a mean in the 220 g/L range), icewine is very refreshing (as opposed to cloying) due to high acidity. (The titratable acidity in ice wine is almost always above 10 g/L.) </p><p>Icewine usually has a slightly lower alcohol content than regular table wine. Some Riesling icewines from Germany have an alcohol content as low as 6%. Icewines produced in Canada usually have higher alcohol content, between 8 and 13 percent. In most years, icewines from Canada generally have higher <a href="/wiki/Brix" title="Brix">brix</a> degree (<a href="/wiki/Must_weight" title="Must weight">must weight</a>) compared to those from Germany. This is largely due to the more consistent winters in Canada. Must with insufficient brix level cannot be made into icewine, and is thus often sold as "special select late harvest" or "select late harvest" at a fraction of the price that true icewine commands. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_wine&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bletting" title="Bletting">Bletting</a> – Process of softening that certain fleshy fruits undergo, beyond ripening</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fractional_freezing" title="Fractional freezing">Fractional freezing</a> – Separating components of a mixture by their melting points</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_cider" title="Ice cider">Ice cider</a> – Fermented beverage made from the juice of frozen apples</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_wine&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bcw-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bcw_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bcw_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.canadianliving.com&rft.atitle=Icewine%3A+Intensely+sweet+and+indulgent+%7C+Canadian+Living&rft.date=2015-10-28&rft.aulast=Sommelier&rft.aufirst=Anne+Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canadianliving.com%2Ffood%2Fentertaining%2Farticle%2Ficewine-intensely-sweet-and-indulgent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+wine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ttb.gov/system/files?file=images/pdfs/rulings/2002-7.pdf">"ATF Rul. 2002-7"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Tax and Trade Bureau. 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ATF+Rul.+2002-7&rft.pub=Tax+and+Trade+Bureau&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ttb.gov%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%3Ffile%3Dimages%2Fpdfs%2Frulings%2F2002-7.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+wine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.agcanada.com/daily/new-standard-to-define-icewine-in-canada">"New standard to define icewine in Canada"</a>. <i>AGCanada</i>. Glacier FarmMedia. 2014-02-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AGCanada&rft.atitle=New+standard+to+define+icewine+in+Canada&rft.date=2014-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.agcanada.com%2Fdaily%2Fnew-standard-to-define-icewine-in-canada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+wine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">wineriesofniagaraonthelake.com <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wineriesofniagaraonthelake.com/icewine.html">Touring and tasting itineraries</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110630031249/http://www.wineriesofniagaraonthelake.com/icewine.html">Archived</a> June 30, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_wine&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCole2013" class="citation news cs1">Cole, Trevor (27 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/rob-magazine/asias-favourite-canadian-export/article10311708/">"Asia's favourite Canadian export"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-03-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Asia%27s+favourite+Canadian+export&rft.date=2013-03-27&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=Trevor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Freport-on-business%2Frob-magazine%2Fasias-favourite-canadian-export%2Farticle10311708%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+wine" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_wine&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ice_wine" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ice wine">Ice wine</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/ice_wine" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/ice wine">ice wine</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icewine.info">Icewine</a> at IceWine.info</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winesofcanada.com/icewine.html">Ice wine</a> at Wines of Canada</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://winecountryontario.ca/media-centre/icewine/">Wine Country Ontario Icewine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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title="Vitis">Species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terroir" title="Terroir">Terroir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veraison" title="Veraison">Veraison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vineyard" title="Vineyard">Vineyard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_wine" title="History of wine">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ancient <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicians_and_wine" title="Phoenicians and wine">Phoenicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece_and_wine" title="Ancient Greece and wine">Ancient Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome_and_wine" title="Ancient Rome and wine">Ancient Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_in_China" title="Wine in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_wine" title="Noah's wine">Noah's wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_French_wine" title="History of French wine">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_French_Wine_Blight" title="Great French Wine Blight">Great French Wine Blight</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_wine#History" title="Georgian wine">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_wine" title="New World wine">New World</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judgment_of_Paris_(wine)" title="Judgment of Paris (wine)">Judgment of Paris</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_wine" title="Red wine">Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_wine" title="White wine">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparkling_wine" title="Sparkling wine">Sparkling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ros%C3%A9" title="Rosé">Rosé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_wine" title="Orange wine">Orange</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dessert_wine" title="Dessert wine">Dessert</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fortified_wine" title="Fortified wine">Fortified</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromatised_wine" title="Aromatised wine">Aromatized</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_wine" title="Fruit wine">Fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_rot" title="Noble rot">Noble rot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straw_wine" title="Straw wine">Straw</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Other <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Table_wine" title="Table wine">Table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_wine" title="Natural wine">Natural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodynamic_wine" title="Biodynamic wine">Biodynamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_wine" title="Organic wine">Organic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_wine" title="Kosher wine">Kosher</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Top <a href="/wiki/List_of_grape_varieties" title="List of grape varieties">grape varieties</a><br />by acreage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/White_wine" title="White wine">White</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air%C3%A9n" title="Airén">Airén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aligot%C3%A9" title="Aligoté">Aligoté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catarratto" title="Catarratto">Catarratto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayetana_blanca" title="Cayetana blanca">Cayetana blanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chardonnay" title="Chardonnay">Chardonnay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenin_blanc" title="Chenin blanc">Chenin blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombard" title="Colombard">Colombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glera_(grape)" title="Glera (grape)">Glera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BCner_Veltliner" title="Grüner Veltliner">Grüner Veltliner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macabeo" title="Macabeo">Macabeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCller-Thurgau" title="Müller-Thurgau">Müller-Thurgau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscat_Blanc_%C3%A0_Petits_Grains" title="Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains">Muscat blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscat_of_Alexandria" title="Muscat of Alexandria">Muscat of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palomino_(grape)" title="Palomino (grape)">Palomino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riesling" title="Riesling">Riesling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rkatsiteli" title="Rkatsiteli">Rkatsiteli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauvignon_blanc" title="Sauvignon blanc">Sauvignon blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9millon" title="Sémillon">Sémillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trebbiano" title="Trebbiano">Trebbiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welschriesling" title="Welschriesling">Welschriesling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Red_wine" title="Red wine">Red</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alicante_Bouschet" title="Alicante Bouschet">Alicante Bouschet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbera" title="Barbera">Barbera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobal" title="Bobal">Bobal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabernet_Franc" title="Cabernet Franc">Cabernet Franc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabernet_Sauvignon" title="Cabernet Sauvignon">Cabernet Sauvignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carignan" title="Carignan">Carignan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinsaut" title="Cinsaut">Cinsaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douce_noir" title="Douce noir">Douce noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamay" title="Gamay">Gamay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenache" title="Grenache">Grenache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_(grape)" title="Isabella (grape)">Isabella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malbec" title="Malbec">Malbec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlot" title="Merlot">Merlot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montepulciano_(grape)" title="Montepulciano (grape)">Montepulciano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mourv%C3%A8dre" title="Mourvèdre">Mourvèdre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinot_noir" title="Pinot noir">Pinot noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangiovese" title="Sangiovese">Sangiovese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrah" title="Syrah">Syrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempranillo" title="Tempranillo">Tempranillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinfandel" title="Zinfandel">Zinfandel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wine-producing_regions" title="List of wine-producing regions">Major regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_World_wine" title="Old World wine">Old World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_wine" title="New World wine">New World</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Packaging, <a href="/wiki/Wine_accessory" title="Wine accessory">accessories</a>,<br />and <a href="/wiki/Storage_of_wine" title="Storage of wine">storage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_wine_closure" title="Alternative wine closure">Alternative wine closure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_wine" title="Box wine">Box wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corkscrew" title="Corkscrew">Corkscrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decanter" title="Decanter">Decanter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jug_wine" title="Jug wine">Jug wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvevri" title="Kvevri">Kvevri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muselet" title="Muselet">Muselet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_tongs" title="Port tongs">Port tongs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screw_cap_(wine)" title="Screw cap (wine)">Screw cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_bottle" title="Wine bottle">Wine bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_cave" title="Wine cave">Wine cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_cellar" title="Wine cellar">Wine cellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_cork" title="Wine cork">Wine cork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_dispenser" title="Wine dispenser">Wine dispenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_glass" title="Wine glass">Wine glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_label" title="Wine label">Wine label</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_rack" title="Wine rack">Wine rack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wine_chemistry" title="Wine chemistry">Wine chemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aroma_of_wine" title="Aroma of wine">Aroma of wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acids_in_wine" title="Acids in wine">Acids in wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenolic_content_in_wine" title="Phenolic content in wine">Phenolic content in wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteins_in_wine" title="Proteins in wine">Proteins in wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugars_in_wine" title="Sugars in wine">Sugars in wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classification_of_wine" title="Classification of wine">Classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oenophilia" title="Oenophilia">Oenophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sommelier" title="Sommelier">Sommelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_and_food_pairing" title="Wine and food pairing">Wine and food pairing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_fault" title="Wine fault">Wine fault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_fraud" title="Wine fraud">Wine fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winemaker" title="Winemaker">Winemaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wine_personalities" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wine personalities">Wine personalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_tasting" title="Wine tasting">Wine tasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_tasting_descriptors" title="Wine tasting descriptors">Wine tasting descriptors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg/8px-A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg/13px-A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg/17px-A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="948" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Wine" title="Portal:Wine">Wine portal</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_wine" title="Outline of wine">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_wine_terms" title="Glossary of wine terms">Glossary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Winemaking" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Winemaking" title="Template:Winemaking"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Winemaking" title="Template talk:Winemaking"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Winemaking" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Winemaking"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Winemaking" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">Winemaking</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Harvest_(wine)" title="Harvest (wine)">Harvest</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_harvest_wine" title="Late harvest wine">Late harvest wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_rot" title="Noble rot">Noble rot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vintage" title="Vintage">Vintage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pressing_(wine)" title="Pressing (wine)">Pressing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acids_in_wine" title="Acids in wine">Deacidification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destemming" class="mw-redirect" title="Destemming">Destemming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaptalization" title="Chaptalization">Chaptalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_press" class="mw-redirect" title="Wine press">Wine press</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maceration_(wine)" title="Maceration (wine)">Maceration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbonic_maceration" title="Carbonic maceration">Carbonic maceration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fermentation_in_winemaking" title="Fermentation in winemaking">Fermentation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malolactic_fermentation" title="Malolactic fermentation">Malolactic fermentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparkling_wine_production" title="Sparkling wine production">Sparkling wine production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugars_in_wine" title="Sugars in wine">Sugars in wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCssreserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Süssreserve">Süssreserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_method" title="Traditional method">Traditional method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeast_assimilable_nitrogen" title="Yeast assimilable nitrogen">Yeast assimilable nitrogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeast_in_winemaking" title="Yeast in winemaking">Yeast in winemaking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aging_of_wine" title="Aging of wine">Aging</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oak_(wine)" title="Oak (wine)">Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solera" title="Solera">Solera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_cellar" title="Wine cellar">Wine cellar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other steps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clarification_and_stabilization_of_wine" title="Clarification and stabilization of wine">Clarification and stabilization of wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winery" title="Winery">Winery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_bottle" title="Wine bottle">Wine bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_viticulture_terms" title="Glossary of viticulture terms">Glossary of viticulture terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_winemaking_terms" title="Glossary of winemaking terms">Glossary of winemaking terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_tasting_descriptors" title="Wine tasting descriptors">Wine tasting descriptors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_wine_press" title="History of the wine press">History of the wine press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wine" title="History of wine">History of wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terroir" title="Terroir">Terroir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg/8px-A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg/13px-A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg/17px-A_bottle_and_glass_of_wine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="948" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Wine" title="Portal:Wine">Wine portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="German_wine" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:German_wine" title="Template:German wine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:German_wine" title="Template talk:German wine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:German_wine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:German wine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="German_wine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/German_wine" title="German wine">German wine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_wine_classification" title="German wine classification">Classification</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kabinett" title="Kabinett">Kabinett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A4tlese" title="Spätlese">Spätlese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auslese" title="Auslese">Auslese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beerenauslese" title="Beerenauslese">Beerenauslese</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eiswein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trockenbeerenauslese" title="Trockenbeerenauslese">Trockenbeerenauslese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_wine_regions" title="List of German wine regions">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahr_(wine_region)" title="Ahr (wine region)">Ahr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baden_(wine_region)" title="Baden (wine region)">Baden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franconia_(wine_region)" title="Franconia (wine region)">Franconia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hessische_Bergstra%C3%9Fe" title="Hessische Bergstraße">Hessische Bergstraße</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mittelrhein_(wine_region)" title="Mittelrhein (wine region)">Mittelrhein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosel_(wine_region)" title="Mosel (wine region)">Mosel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahe_(wine_region)" title="Nahe (wine region)">Nahe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palatinate_(wine_region)" title="Palatinate (wine region)">Palatinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheingau_(wine_region)" title="Rheingau (wine region)">Rheingau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheinhessen_(wine_region)" title="Rheinhessen (wine region)">Rheinhessen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saale-Unstrut" title="Saale-Unstrut">Saale-Unstrut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxony_(wine_region)" title="Saxony (wine region)">Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrttemberg_(wine_region)" title="Württemberg (wine 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