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<span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/IKAROS" title="IKAROS – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="IKAROS" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/IKAROS" title="IKAROS – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="IKAROS" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/IKAROS" title="IKAROS – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="IKAROS" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/IKAROS" title="IKAROS – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="IKAROS" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/IKAROS" title="IKAROS – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="IKAROS" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="کاوشگر ایکاروس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کاوشگر ایکاروس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IKAROS" title="IKAROS – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="IKAROS" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikaros" title="Ikaros – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ikaros" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/IKAROS" title="IKAROS – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="IKAROS" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/IKAROS" title="IKAROS – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="IKAROS" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/IKAROS" title="IKAROS – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="IKAROS" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1_(%D7%92%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%AA)" title="איקרוס (גשושית) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איקרוס (גשושית)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/IKAROS" title="IKAROS – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="IKAROS" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IKAROS" title="IKAROS – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="IKAROS" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/IKAROS" title="IKAROS – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="IKAROS" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/IKAROS" title="IKAROS – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="IKAROS" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">First interplanetary solar sail spacecraft</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1089065853">.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight{width:25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight .infobox-header{background:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .ib-edit-wd{float:right}</style><table class="infobox ib-spaceflight"><caption class="infobox-title">IKAROS</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IKAROS_IAC_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="IKAROS model" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/IKAROS_IAC_2010.jpg/300px-IKAROS_IAC_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/IKAROS_IAC_2010.jpg/450px-IKAROS_IAC_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/IKAROS_IAC_2010.jpg/600px-IKAROS_IAC_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2190" data-file-height="1851" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A 1:64 scale model of the 14 m × 14 m (46 ft × 46 ft) sized IKAROS spacecraft</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission type</th><td class="infobox-data">Solar sail technology</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/JAXA" title="JAXA">JAXA</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-spaceflightnow_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spaceflightnow-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Designator" title="International Designator">COSPAR ID</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2010-020E">2010-020E</a></span><span class="ib-edit-wd"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q609059#P247" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Catalog_Number" title="Satellite Catalog Number">SATCAT <abbr title="number">no.</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data">36577</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://global.jaxa.jp/projects/sas/ikaros/">global<wbr />.jaxa<wbr />.jp<wbr />/projects<wbr />/sas<wbr />/ikaros<wbr />/</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission duration</th><td class="infobox-data">5 years launch to last contact in 2015</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Spacecraft properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch mass</th><td class="infobox-data">310 kg<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dimensions</th><td class="infobox-data">Solar sail: 14 m × 14 m (46 ft × 46 ft) (area: 196 m<sup>2</sup> (2,110 sq ft))<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Start of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch date</th><td class="infobox-data">21:58:22, 20 May 2010 (UTC)<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2010-05-20T21:58:22Z</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rocket</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/H-IIA" title="H-IIA">H-IIA 202</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch site</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tanegashima_Space_Center" title="Tanegashima Space Center">Tanegashima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yoshinobu_Launch_Complex" title="Yoshinobu Launch Complex">LA-Y</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">End of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Last contact</th><td class="infobox-data">20 May 2015<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Orbital parameters</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference system</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Heliocentric_orbit" title="Heliocentric orbit">Heliocentric orbit</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">Flyby of <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Closest approach</th><td class="infobox-data">8 December 2010</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Distance</th><td class="infobox-data">80,800 kilometers (50,200 mi)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>IKAROS</b> (<b>Interplanetary Kite-craft Accelerated by Radiation Of the Sun</b>) is a Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (<a href="/wiki/JAXA" title="JAXA">JAXA</a>) experimental spacecraft. The spacecraft was launched on 20 May 2010, aboard an <a href="/wiki/H-IIA" title="H-IIA">H-IIA</a> rocket, together with the <a href="/wiki/Akatsuki_(spacecraft)" title="Akatsuki (spacecraft)"><i>Akatsuki</i></a> (Venus Climate Orbiter) probe and four other small spacecraft. IKAROS is the first spacecraft to successfully demonstrate <a href="/wiki/Solar_sail" title="Solar sail">solar sail</a> technology in interplanetary space.<sup id="cite_ref-spaceflightnow_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spaceflightnow-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The craft's name is an allusion to the legendary <a href="/wiki/Icarus" title="Icarus">Icarus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Ἴκαρος</span>, <i>Ikaros</i>), who flew close to the Sun on wings made of bird-feathers and wax.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 8 December 2010, IKAROS flew by <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> at a distance of 80,800 km (50,200 mi), successfully completing its planned mission, and entered its extended operation phase.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jaxa20110126_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jaxa20110126-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Purpose">Purpose</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IKAROS&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Purpose"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The IKAROS probe is the world's first spacecraft to use <a href="/wiki/Solar_sail" title="Solar sail">solar sailing</a> as the main propulsion.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was designed to demonstrate four key technologies (comments in parentheses refer to figure): </p> <ol><li>Deployment and control of a large, thin solar sail membrane (grey-blue areas numbered 3)</li> <li>Thin-film solar cells integrated into the sail to power the payload (black rectangles numbered 4)</li> <li>Measurement of acceleration due to <a href="/wiki/Radiation_pressure" title="Radiation pressure">radiation pressure</a> on the solar sail</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spacecraft_attitude_control" title="Spacecraft attitude control">Attitude control</a> by varying the <a href="/wiki/Reflectance" title="Reflectance">reflectance</a> of 80 liquid crystal panels embedded in the sail (orange rectangles numbered 2)</li></ol> <p>The mission also includes investigations of aspects of interplanetary space, such as <a href="/wiki/Gamma-ray_burst" title="Gamma-ray burst">gamma-ray bursts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solar_wind" title="Solar wind">solar wind</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cosmic_dust" title="Cosmic dust">cosmic dust</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The probe's ALADDIN instrument (ALDN-S and ALDN-E) measured the variation in dust density<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while its Gamma-Ray Burst Polarimeter (GAP) measured the <a href="/wiki/Polarization_(waves)" title="Polarization (waves)">polarization</a> of gamma-ray bursts during its six-month cruise.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>IKAROS was to be followed by a 40 by 40 metres (130 ft × 130 ft) sail, the <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Trojan_Asteroid_Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter Trojan Asteroid Explorer">Jupiter Trojan Asteroid Explorer</a>, which was intended to journey to <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Trojan" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter Trojan">Trojan asteroids</a>, with a proposed goal of returning an asteroid sample to Earth in the 2050s.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Okada_2018_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Okada_2018-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Jupiter Trojan Asteroid Explorer was a finalist for Japan's <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Space_and_Astronautical_Science" title="Institute of Space and Astronautical Science">Institute of Space and Astronautical Science</a> (ISAS)' 2nd Large Mission Class. The winning mission was <a href="/wiki/LiteBIRD" title="LiteBIRD">LiteBIRD</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IKAROS&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ikaros_solar_sail_key_numbered_bottom_line.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Ikaros_solar_sail_key_numbered_bottom_line.svg/250px-Ikaros_solar_sail_key_numbered_bottom_line.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Ikaros_solar_sail_key_numbered_bottom_line.svg/375px-Ikaros_solar_sail_key_numbered_bottom_line.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Ikaros_solar_sail_key_numbered_bottom_line.svg/500px-Ikaros_solar_sail_key_numbered_bottom_line.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="652" data-file-height="693" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/File:Ikaros_solar_sail_key_numbered_bottom_line.svg" title="File:Ikaros solar sail key numbered bottom line.svg">IKAROS sail schematic diagram</a>:<div><ol><li>(blue square on a line) Tip mass 0.5 kg (1.1 lb), 1 of 4.</li><li>(orange rectangle) Liquid crystal device, 1 of 80.</li><li>(blue square) Membrane 7.5 μm (0.00030 in) thick, 20 metres (66 ft) on the diagonal.</li><li>(black rectangle) Solar cells 25 μm (0.00098 in) thick.</li><li>(yellow and blue lines) Tethers.</li><li>(blue disc) Main body.</li><li>(yellow dots) Instruments.</li></ol></div></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IKAROS_solar_sail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/IKAROS_solar_sail.jpg/250px-IKAROS_solar_sail.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/IKAROS_solar_sail.jpg/375px-IKAROS_solar_sail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/IKAROS_solar_sail.jpg/500px-IKAROS_solar_sail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>IKAROS spaceprobe in flight (artist's depiction)</figcaption></figure> <p>The square sail, deployed via a spinning motion using 0.5-kilogram (1.1 lb) tip masses (key item 1 in figure at right), is 20 m (66 ft) on the diagonal and is made of a 7.5-micrometre (0.00030 in) thick sheet of <a href="/wiki/Polyimide" title="Polyimide">polyimide</a> (key item 3 in figure at right). The polyimide sheet had a mass of about 10 grams per square metre (0.033 oz/sq ft), resulting in a total sail mass of 2 kilograms (4.4 lb), excluding tip masses, attached panels and tethers. A thin-film solar array is embedded in the sail (key item 4 in figure at right). <a href="/wiki/PowerFilm,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="PowerFilm, Inc.">PowerFilm, Inc.</a> provided the thin-film solar array.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eighty blocks of <a href="/wiki/Liquid-crystal_display" title="Liquid-crystal display">LCD</a> panels are embedded in the sail,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whose reflectance can be adjusted for <a href="/wiki/Spacecraft_attitude_control" title="Spacecraft attitude control">attitude control</a> (key item 2 in figure at right). The sail also contains eight dust counters on the opposite face as part of the science payload.<sup id="cite_ref-jaxa20100311_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jaxa20100311-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission_progress">Mission progress</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IKAROS&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mission progress"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>IKAROS was successfully launched together with <a href="/wiki/Akatsuki_(probe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Akatsuki (probe)"><i>Akatsuki</i></a> (the Venus Climate Orbiter) aboard an H-IIA rocket from the <a href="/wiki/Tanegashima_Space_Center" title="Tanegashima Space Center">Tanegashima Space Center</a> on 21 May 2010.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>IKAROS spun at 20–25 revolutions per minute and finished unfurling its sail on 10 June 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jonathan_Amos_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jonathan_Amos-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The craft contains two tiny ejectable cameras, DCAM1 and DCAM2. DCAM2 was used to photograph the sail after deployment on 14 July 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Acceleration and <a href="/wiki/Spacecraft_attitude_control" title="Spacecraft attitude control">attitude control</a> (orientation) were successfully tested during the remaining six-month voyage to Venus. On 9 July 2010, JAXA confirmed that IKAROS was being accelerated by its solar sail,<sup id="cite_ref-http://www.jaxa.jp/press/2010/07/20100709_ikaros_j.html_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-http://www.jaxa.jp/press/2010/07/20100709_ikaros_j.html-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on 23 July announced successful attitude control. Over a 23-hour period of time, the solar angle of the sail was changed by a half a degree, not by using thrusters, but by dynamically controlling the reflectivity of the 80 liquid crystal panels at the outer edge of the sail so that the sunlight pressure would produce torque.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IKAROS continues to spin at approximately 2 <a href="/wiki/Revolutions_per_minute" title="Revolutions per minute">rpm</a>, requiring the LCD panels to be cycled at that rate for attitude control.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>According to JAXA, IKAROS finished all planned experiments in Dec 2010, but the mission continued beyond that date "in order to enhance the skill of controlling solar sail".<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 30 November 2012, JAXA announced that IKAROS had been recognized by <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a> as the world's first solar sail spacecraft between planets, and that its two separated cameras, DCAM1 and DCAM2, had been recognized as the smallest size of a spacecraft flying between planets.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2012, the IKAROS continued to spin, but its attitude control had degraded. This resulted in unexpected sail motions and as a result, downlink through the medium-gain antenna was only intermittently available. The project team was dissolved on 28 March 2013, although a trial receipt of data was planned for a later date.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The project was reactivated on 20 June 2013 in the expectation that the satellite would wake up from a hibernation state as more power from the solar panels became available. The team was able to receive telemetry from the IKAROS between 20 June and 12 September 2013, after which contact was again lost. The loss of contact was around the predicted time of the spacecraft again entering a low-power hibernation mode as power from the solar panels decreased. Available communication time through the <a href="/wiki/Usuda_Deep_Space_Center" title="Usuda Deep Space Center">Usuda Deep Space Center</a> antenna was limited, so data was gathered only intermittently to estimate the speed, trajectory and rotation of the satellite.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of August 2013, acceleration from the IKAROS sail had changed the craft's speed by approximately 400 metres per second (890 mph) in total.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Transmissions were again received on 22 May 2014, the spacecraft flying at a distance of about 230 million kilometers from the Earth. By May 2014, IKAROS was on a ten-month orbit around the Sun, spending seven months of each orbit in hibernation mode due to insufficient power.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 23 April 2015, the spacecraft woke up from hibernation mode for the 4th time and was flying at a distance of about 120 million kilometers from the Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 21 May 2015, JAXA could not receive a signal from IKAROS and concluded that the spacecraft had shifted to the hibernation mode for the fifth time, as expected. Based on the last data received during May 2015, the position of IKAROS at the time was about 110 million kilometers away from the Earth, and about 130 million kilometers from the Sun.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scientific_results">Scientific results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IKAROS&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Scientific results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From the gamma-ray polarization data of GAP, Toma <i>et al.</i><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> put a stricter limit on <a href="/wiki/CPT_symmetry" title="CPT symmetry">CPT violation</a>. It is an improvement of eight orders of magnitude over previous limits.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>JAXA scientists stated on 9 July 2010 that the measured thrust force by the solar radiation pressure on IKAROS' 196 m<sup>2</sup> sail is 1.12 millinewtons.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IKAROS&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/28px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/42px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/56px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spaceflight" title="Portal:Spaceflight">Spaceflight portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CubeSail" title="CubeSail">CubeSail</a> – Planned solar sail spacecraft</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CubeSail_(UltraSail)" title="CubeSail (UltraSail)">CubeSail (UltraSail)</a> – US spacecraft</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LightSail_2" class="mw-redirect" title="LightSail 2">LightSail 2</a> – LEO solar sailing demo project<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_Venus" title="List of missions to Venus">List of missions to Venus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_Asteroid_Scout" title="Near-Earth Asteroid Scout">Near-Earth Asteroid Scout</a> – Solar sail spacecraft</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NanoSail-D2" title="NanoSail-D2">NanoSail-D2</a> – Satellite designed to test concept of solar sails</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OKEANOS" title="OKEANOS">OKEANOS</a> – A proposed space probe to Trojan asteroids</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IKAROS&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mori <i>et al.</i> (2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output 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(March 2024)">bare URL</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/home/IKAROS-blog/?itemid=783">"今日の IKAROS(12/10) – Daily Report – Dec 10, 2010"</a>. <i>IKAROS Blog</i> (in Japanese). JAXA. 10 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"Synopsis: Distant Bursts Show no Signs of Predicted Light Rotation". <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. <b>109</b> (24): 241104. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1208.5288">1208.5288</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PhRvL.109x1104T">2012PhRvL.109x1104T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.109.241104">10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.241104</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23368301">23368301</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:42198517">42198517</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+Letters&rft.atitle=Synopsis%3A+Distant+Bursts+Show+no+Signs+of+Predicted+Light+Rotation&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=24&rft.pages=241104&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A42198517%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012PhRvL.109x1104T&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1208.5288&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23368301&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.109.241104&rft.au=Michael+Schirber&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIKAROS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipmu.jp/node/1458">"Strict Limit on CPT Violation from Gamma-Ray Bursts"</a>. Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe. 7 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Strict+Limit+on+CPT+Violation+from+Gamma-Ray+Bursts&rft.pub=Kavli+Institute+for+the+Physics+and+Mathematics+of+the+Universe&rft.date=2012-12-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipmu.jp%2Fnode%2F1458&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIKAROS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100819085236/http://www.jspec.jaxa.jp/ikaros_channel/e/index.html">"IKAROS – All News Channel"</a>. <i>JAXA</i>. 9 July 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jspec.jaxa.jp/ikaros_channel/e/index.html">the original</a> on 19 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JAXA&rft.atitle=IKAROS+%E2%80%93+All+News+Channel&rft.date=2010-07-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jspec.jaxa.jp%2Fikaros_channel%2Fe%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIKAROS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IKAROS&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsamu_Mori2008" class="citation journal cs1">Osamu Mori; et al. (6 July 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.ists.or.jp/upload_pdf/2008-d-57.pdf">"Development of Deployment System for Small Size Solar Sail Mission"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Transactions of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences, Space Technology Japan</i>. <b>7</b>: Pd_87–Pd_94. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009TrSpT...7.Pd87M">2009TrSpT...7.Pd87M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2322%2Ftstj.7.Pd_87">10.2322/tstj.7.Pd_87</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+Japan+Society+for+Aeronautical+and+Space+Sciences%2C+Space+Technology+Japan&rft.atitle=Development+of+Deployment+System+for+Small+Size+Solar+Sail+Mission&rft.volume=7&rft.pages=Pd_87-Pd_94&rft.date=2008-07-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2322%2Ftstj.7.Pd_87&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009TrSpT...7.Pd87M&rft.au=Osamu+Mori&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.ists.or.jp%2Fupload_pdf%2F2008-d-57.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIKAROS" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsamu_Mori2009" class="citation journal cs1">Osamu Mori; et al. (9 July 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.ists.or.jp/upload_pdf/2009-o-4-07v.pdf">"First Solar Power Sail Demonstration by IKAROS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>27th International Symposium on Space Technology and Science</i>. <b>8</b>: To_4. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011TJSAI...8To425M">2011TJSAI...8To425M</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=27th+International+Symposium+on+Space+Technology+and+Science&rft.atitle=First+Solar+Power+Sail+Demonstration+by+IKAROS&rft.volume=8&rft.pages=To_4&rft.date=2009-07-09&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011TJSAI...8To425M&rft.au=Osamu+Mori&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.ists.or.jp%2Fupload_pdf%2F2009-o-4-07v.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIKAROS" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IKAROS&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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missions to Venus">Spacecraft missions</a> to <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;">Orbiters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Akatsuki_(spacecraft)" title="Akatsuki (spacecraft)">Akatsuki</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;">Flybys</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parker_Solar_Probe" title="Parker Solar Probe">Parker Solar Probe</a><sup>‡</sup> (en route)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/BepiColombo" title="BepiColombo">BepiColombo</a></i><sup>‡</sup> (en route)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Orbiter" title="Solar Orbiter">Solar Orbiter</a><sup>‡</sup> (en route)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Icy_Moons_Explorer" title="Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer">Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer</a><sup>‡</sup> (en route)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:V%C3%A9nus_t%C3%A9lescope.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/V%C3%A9nus_t%C3%A9lescope.jpg/80px-V%C3%A9nus_t%C3%A9lescope.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/V%C3%A9nus_t%C3%A9lescope.jpg/120px-V%C3%A9nus_t%C3%A9lescope.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/V%C3%A9nus_t%C3%A9lescope.jpg/160px-V%C3%A9nus_t%C3%A9lescope.jpg 2x" data-file-width="302" data-file-height="262" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MESSENGER_-_Venus_630_nm_stretch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/MESSENGER_-_Venus_630_nm_stretch.jpg/80px-MESSENGER_-_Venus_630_nm_stretch.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/MESSENGER_-_Venus_630_nm_stretch.jpg/120px-MESSENGER_-_Venus_630_nm_stretch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/MESSENGER_-_Venus_630_nm_stretch.jpg/160px-MESSENGER_-_Venus_630_nm_stretch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="525" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maat_Mons_on_Venus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Maat_Mons_on_Venus.jpg/80px-Maat_Mons_on_Venus.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Maat_Mons_on_Venus.jpg/120px-Maat_Mons_on_Venus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Maat_Mons_on_Venus.jpg/160px-Maat_Mons_on_Venus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;">Orbiters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Magellan_(spacecraft)" title="Magellan (spacecraft)">Magellan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Venus_Orbiter" title="Pioneer Venus Orbiter">Pioneer Venus Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera_9" title="Venera 9">Venera 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera_10" title="Venera 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera_15" title="Venera 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera_16" title="Venera 16">16</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Venus_Express" title="Venus Express">Venus Express</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;">Flybys</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Venera_1" title="Venera 1">Venera 1</a></i><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_2" title="Mariner 2">Mariner 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_1" title="Zond 1">Zond 1</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera_2" title="Venera 2">Venera 2</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_5" title="Mariner 5">Mariner 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_10" title="Mariner 10">10</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera_11" title="Venera 11">Venera 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera_12" title="Venera 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera_13" title="Venera 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera_14" title="Venera 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_1" title="Vega 1">Vega 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_2" title="Vega 2">2</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Galileo_project" title="Galileo project">Galileo</a></i><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" title="Cassini–Huygens">Cassini–Huygens</a></i><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER">MESSENGER</a></i><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">IKAROS</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shin%27en_(spacecraft)" title="Shin'en (spacecraft)">Shin-en</a></i><sup>†</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;">Descent probes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venera_3" title="Venera 3">Venera 3</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera_4" title="Venera 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera_5" title="Venera 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera_6" title="Venera 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Venus_Multiprobe" title="Pioneer Venus Multiprobe">Pioneer Venus Multiprobe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;">Landers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venera_7" title="Venera 7">Venera 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera_8" title="Venera 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera_9" title="Venera 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera_10" title="Venera 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera_11" title="Venera 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera_12" title="Venera 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera_13" title="Venera 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera_14" title="Venera 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_1" title="Vega 1">Vega 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_2" title="Vega 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Venus_Multiprobe#Small_probes" title="Pioneer Venus Multiprobe">Pioneer Venus Small Probes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;">Balloon probes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vega_1" title="Vega 1">Vega 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_2" title="Vega 2">2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;">Failed launches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tyazhely_Sputnik" title="Tyazhely Sputnik">Tyazhely Sputnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_1" title="Mariner 1">Mariner 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera_2MV-1_No.1" title="Venera 2MV-1 No.1">2MV-1 No.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera_2MV-1_No.2" title="Venera 2MV-1 No.2">2MV-1 No.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera_2MV-2_No.1" title="Venera 2MV-2 No.1">2MV-2 No.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_21" title="Kosmos 21">Kosmos 21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_3MV-1_No.2" title="Zond 3MV-1 No.2">3MV-1 No.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_27" title="Kosmos 27">Kosmos 27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_96" title="Kosmos 96">96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_167" title="Kosmos 167">167</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_482" title="Kosmos 482">482</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Planned missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;">Orbiters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venus_Orbiter_Mission" title="Venus Orbiter Mission">Venus Orbiter Mission</a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VERITAS_(spacecraft)" title="VERITAS (spacecraft)">VERITAS</a> (2031)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EnVision" title="EnVision">EnVision</a> (2031)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;">Flybys</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dragonfly_(Titan_space_probe)" title="Dragonfly (Titan space probe)">Dragonfly</a></i><sup>‡</sup> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBR_(spacecraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="MBR (spacecraft)">MBR Explorer</a><sup>‡</sup> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-4" title="Tianwen-4">Tianwen-4</a><sup>‡</sup> (2030)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;">Descent probes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venus_Life_Finder" title="Venus Life Finder">Venus Life Finder</a> (2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAVINCI" title="DAVINCI">DAVINCI</a> (2031–2032)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;">Venus missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CubeSat_UV_Experiment" title="CubeSat UV Experiment">CUVE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera-D" title="Venera-D">Venera-D</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zephyr_(rover)" title="Zephyr (rover)">Zephyr</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;">Flybys</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-P" title="Mercury-P">Mercury-P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranus_Orbiter_and_Probe" title="Uranus Orbiter and Probe">Uranus Orbiter and Probe</a><sup>‡</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cancelled <br /> or not developed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automaton_Rover_for_Extreme_Environments" title="Automaton Rover for Extreme Environments">AREE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Venus_Explorer" title="European Venus Explorer">European Venus Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Altitude_Venus_Operational_Concept" title="High Altitude Venus Operational Concept">HAVOC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperspectral_Observer_for_Venus_Reconnaissance" title="Hyperspectral Observer for Venus Reconnaissance">HOVER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inspiration_Mars_Foundation" title="Inspiration Mars Foundation">Inspiration Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laplace-P" title="Laplace-P">Laplace-P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TMK#Mavr_(MArs_-_VeneRa)" title="TMK">TMK-Mavr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_Atmospheric_Maneuverable_Platform" title="Venus Atmospheric Maneuverable Platform">VAMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_Orbiting_Imaging_Radar" title="Venus Orbiting Imaging Radar">Venus Orbiting Imaging Radar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesta_(spacecraft)" title="Vesta (spacecraft)">Vesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_In_situ_Composition_Investigations" title="Venus In situ Composition Investigations">VICI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_In_Situ_Atmospheric_and_Geochemical_Explorer" title="Venus In Situ Atmospheric and Geochemical Explorer">VISAGE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_In_Situ_Explorer" title="Venus In Situ Explorer">VISE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_Volcano_Imaging_and_Climate_Explorer" title="Venus Volcano Imaging and Climate Explorer">VOICE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_Origins_Explorer" title="Venus Origins Explorer">VOX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Program overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venera" title="Venera">Venera</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3MV" title="3MV">3MV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_program" title="Mariner program">Mariner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Venus_project" title="Pioneer Venus project">Pioneer Venus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_program" title="Vega program">Vega</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonization_of_Venus" title="Colonization of Venus">Colonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observations_and_explorations_of_Venus" title="Observations and explorations of Venus">Observations and explorations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artificial_objects_on_Venus" title="List of artificial objects on Venus">List of artificial objects on Venus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_Venus" title="List of missions to Venus">List of missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manned_Venus_flyby" title="Manned Venus flyby">Manned Venus flyby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terraforming_of_Venus" title="Terraforming of Venus">Terraforming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_Spectral_Rocket_Experiment" title="Venus Spectral Rocket Experiment">VeSpR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>Missions are ordered by launch date. <sup>†</sup> indicates failure en route or before any data returned. <sup>‡</sup> indicates use of the planet as a <a href="/wiki/Gravity_assist" title="Gravity assist">gravity assist</a> en route to another destination.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Japanese_space_program" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Japanese_space_program" title="Template:Japanese space program"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Japanese_space_program" title="Template talk:Japanese space program"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese_space_program" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese space program"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Japanese_space_program" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_space_program" title="Japanese space program">Japanese space program</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicates projects in development.</li> <li>Symbol <sup>†</sup> indicates failed projects.</li> <li><s>Strikethrough lines</s> indicate cancelled projects.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Space_agencies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Space_agencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Space agencies">Space agencies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National space agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JAXA" title="JAXA">JAXA</a> <ul><li>former <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Space_and_Astronautical_Science" title="Institute of Space and Astronautical Science">ISAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Aerospace_Laboratory_of_Japan" title="National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan">NAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Space_Development_Agency_of_Japan" title="National Space Development Agency of Japan">NASDA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Information_and_Communications_Technology" title="National Institute of Information and Communications Technology">NICT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Space_Systems" title="Japan Space Systems">JSS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Joint development partners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Space_Agency_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/European_Space_Agency_logo.svg/30px-European_Space_Agency_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/European_Space_Agency_logo.svg/45px-European_Space_Agency_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/European_Space_Agency_logo.svg/60px-European_Space_Agency_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">ESA</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/15px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span>Italy <a href="/wiki/Italian_Space_Agency" title="Italian Space Agency">ASI</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Canada <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Space_Agency" title="Canadian Space Agency">CSA</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Russia <a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/15px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/30px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span>Brazil <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Space_Agency" title="Brazilian Space Agency">AEB</a><sup><small>6</small></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Space_Research" title="National Institute for Space Research">INPE</a><sup><small>7</small></sup></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/15px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/30px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>India <a href="/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Space Research Organisation">ISRO</a><sup><small>8</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Astronomical_observation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_observation" class="mw-redirect" title="Astronomical observation">Astronomical observation</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akari_(satellite)" title="Akari (satellite)">Akari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Satellite_for_Cosmology_and_Astrophysics" title="Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics">ASCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASTRO-E" class="mw-redirect" title="ASTRO-E">ASTRO-E</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/Astro-G" title="Astro-G">Astro-G</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Radiation_Satellite" title="Cosmic Radiation Satellite">CORSA</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginga_(satellite)" title="Ginga (satellite)">Ginga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakucho" title="Hakucho">Hakucho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HALCA" title="HALCA">HALCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinotori_(satellite)" title="Hinotori (satellite)">Hinotori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitomi_(satellite)" title="Hitomi (satellite)">Hitomi</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/SPICA_(spacecraft)" title="SPICA (spacecraft)">SPICA</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzaku_(satellite)" title="Suzaku (satellite)">Suzaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenma" title="Tenma">Tenma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yohkoh" title="Yohkoh">Yohkoh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinode_(satellite)" title="Hinode (satellite)">Hinode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hisaki_(satellite)" title="Hisaki (satellite)">Hisaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Ray_Imaging_and_Spectroscopy_Mission" title="X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission">XRISM</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Telescope_for_High_Energy_Astrophysics" title="Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics">ATHENA</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOLAR-C" title="SOLAR-C">SOLAR-C</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GREX-PLUS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GREX-PLUS (page does not exist)">GREX-PLUS</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/GREX-PLUS" class="extiw" title="ja:GREX-PLUS">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HiZ-GUNDAM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HiZ-GUNDAM (page does not exist)">HiZ-GUNDAM</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/HiZ-GUNDAM" class="extiw" title="ja:HiZ-GUNDAM">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LAPYUTA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LAPYUTA (page does not exist)">LAPYUTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LiteBIRD" title="LiteBIRD">LiteBIRD</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Grace_Roman_Space_Telescope" title="Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope">Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope</a></i><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nano-JASMINE" title="Nano-JASMINE">JASMINE</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Communications_satellites,_broadcasting_satellites_and_satellite_navigation_systems" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">Communications satellites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_Satellite_(Japanese)" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadcasting Satellite (Japanese)">broadcasting satellites</a> and <a href="/wiki/Satellite_navigation" title="Satellite navigation">satellite navigation</a> systems</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>BS <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BS-2X" class="mw-redirect" title="BS-2X">2X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BS-3H" class="mw-redirect" title="BS-3H">3H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BS-3N" class="mw-redirect" title="BS-3N">3N</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=COMETS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="COMETS (page does not exist)">Kakehashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OICETS" title="OICETS">Kirari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WINDS" title="WINDS">Kizuna</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kodama_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kodama (satellite) (page does not exist)">Kodama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MBSat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MBSat (page does not exist)">MBSat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-STAR" class="mw-redirect" title="N-STAR">N-STAR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N-STAR_a" title="N-STAR a">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-STAR_b" title="N-STAR b">b</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sakura (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakura_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sakura (satellite) (page does not exist)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CS-2a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CS-2a (page does not exist)">2a</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CS-2b&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CS-2b (page does not exist)">2b</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CS-3a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CS-3a (page does not exist)">3a</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CS-3b&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CS-3b (page does not exist)">3b</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_(satellite)" title="Yuri (satellite)">Yuri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_(satellite)" title="Yuri (satellite)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BS-2a" class="mw-redirect" title="BS-2a">2a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BS-2b" class="mw-redirect" title="BS-2b">2b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BS-3a" class="mw-redirect" title="BS-3a">3a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BS-3b" class="mw-redirect" title="BS-3b">3b</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DSN_Corporation" title="DSN Corporation">Kirameki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superbird-B3" title="Superbird-B3">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DSN-2" title="DSN-2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quasi-Zenith_Satellite_System" title="Quasi-Zenith Satellite System">Michibiki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/QZS-1" class="mw-redirect" title="QZS-1">1</a></li> <li>2</li> <li>3</li> <li>4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/QZS-1R" title="QZS-1R">1R</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-Functional_Transport_Satellite" title="Multi-Functional Transport Satellite">MTSAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-STAR" class="mw-redirect" title="N-STAR">N-STAR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N-STAR_c" title="N-STAR c">c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JCSAT-5A" title="JCSAT-5A">d</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JDRS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JDRS (page does not exist)">JDRS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DSN_Corporation" title="DSN Corporation">DSN</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DSN-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DSN-3 (page does not exist)">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quasi-Zenith_Satellite_System" title="Quasi-Zenith Satellite System">QZS</a> <ul><li>5</li> <li>6</li> <li>7</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Earth_observation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Earth_observation" title="Earth observation">Earth observation</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akebono_(satellite)" title="Akebono (satellite)">Akebono</a></li> <li>Daichi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Land_Observing_Satellite" title="Advanced Land Observing Satellite">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALOS-3" title="ALOS-3">3</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denpa_(satellite)" title="Denpa (satellite)">Denpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JERS-1" title="JERS-1">Fuyo-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jikiken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jikiken (page does not exist)">Jikiken</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyokko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyokko (page does not exist)">Kyokko</a></li> <li>Midori <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADEOS_I" title="ADEOS I">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADEOS_II" title="ADEOS II">II</a></li></ul></li> <li>Momo <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MOS-1_(satellite)" title="MOS-1 (satellite)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MOS-1b_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MOS-1b (satellite) (page does not exist)">1b</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ohozora_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ohozora (satellite) (page does not exist)">Ohozora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SRATS" class="mw-redirect" title="SRATS">Taiyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Rainfall_Measuring_Mission" title="Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission">TRMM</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li>Ume <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ionosphere_Sounding_Satellite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ionosphere Sounding Satellite (page does not exist)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISS-b&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISS-b (page does not exist)">b</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geotail" title="Geotail">Geotail</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aqua_(satellite)" title="Aqua (satellite)">Aqua</a><sup><small>1,7</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arase_(satellite)" title="Arase (satellite)">Arase</a></li> <li>ASNARO <ul><li>1</li> <li>2</li></ul></li> <li>Daichi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ALOS-2" title="ALOS-2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALOS-4" title="ALOS-4">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EarthCARE" title="EarthCARE">EarthCARE</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Precipitation_Measurement" title="Global Precipitation Measurement">GPM</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himawari_(satellites)" title="Himawari (satellites)">Himawari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_Gases_Observing_Satellite" title="Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite">Ibuki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_Gases_Observing_Satellite" title="Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite">original</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_Gases_Observing_Satellite-2" title="Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite-2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GCOM-C" class="mw-redirect" title="GCOM-C">Shikisai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GCOM-W" class="mw-redirect" title="GCOM-W">Shizuku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GOSAT-GW" class="mw-redirect" title="GOSAT-GW">GOSAT-GW</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Precipitation_Measuring_Mission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Precipitation Measuring Mission (page does not exist)">PMM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Engineering_tests" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Engineering tests</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ayame <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Experimental_Communications_Satellite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Experimental Communications Satellite (page does not exist)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ECS-b&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ECS-b (page does not exist)">2</a></li></ul></li> <li>DASH</li> <li>EXPRESS</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">IKAROS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MABES" title="MABES">Jindai</a></li> <li>Kiku <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETS-I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETS-I (page does not exist)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETS-II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETS-II (page does not exist)">2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETS-III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETS-III (page does not exist)">3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETS-IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETS-IV (page does not exist)">4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETS-V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETS-V (page does not exist)">5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETS-VI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETS-VI (page does not exist)">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETS-VII" title="ETS-VII">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETS-VIII" title="ETS-VIII">8</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LDREX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LDREX (page does not exist)">LDREX</a> <ul><li>1</li> <li>2</li></ul></li> <li>LRE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Micro_LabSat-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Micro LabSat-1 (page does not exist)">Micro LabSat-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle_Evaluation_Payload&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vehicle Evaluation Payload (page does not exist)">Myojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohsumi_(satellite)" title="Ohsumi (satellite)">Ohsumi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DEBUT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DEBUT (page does not exist)">Orizuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innovative_Satellite_Technology_Demonstration_Program" title="Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration Program">RAISE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RAISE-2" title="RAISE-2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAISE-3" title="RAISE-3">3</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul></li> <li><s><a href="/w/index.php?title=PETSAT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PETSAT (page does not exist)">PETSAT</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAPIS-1" title="RAPIS-1">RAPIS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OREX" title="OREX">Ryusei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SERVIS-1" title="SERVIS-1">SERVIS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SERVIS-2" title="SERVIS-2">SERVIS-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDS-1" title="SDS-1">SDS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Flyer_Unit" title="Space Flyer Unit">SFU</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MS-F2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MS-F2 (page does not exist)">Shinsei</a></li> <li><s><a href="/w/index.php?title=SmartSat-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SmartSat-1 (page does not exist)">SmartSat-1</a></s></li> <li>Tansei <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tansei" title="Tansei">1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MS-T2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MS-T2 (page does not exist)">2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MS-T3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MS-T3 (page does not exist)">3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MS-T4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MS-T4 (page does not exist)">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRICOM-1R" title="TRICOM-1R">Tasuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Low_Altitude_Test_Satellite" title="Super Low Altitude Test Satellite">Tsubame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDS-1" title="MDS-1">Tsubasa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unmanned_Space_Experiment_Recovery_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unmanned Space Experiment Recovery System (page does not exist)">USERS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajisai" title="Ajisai">Ajisai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reimei" title="Reimei">Reimei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDS-4" title="SDS-4">SDS-4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BEAK_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BEAK (satellite) (page does not exist)">BEAK</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETS-IX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETS-IX (page does not exist)">ETS-IX</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G-SATELLITE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G-SATELLITE (page does not exist)">G-SATELLITE</a></li> <li>SERVIS-3</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Human_spaceflight" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">Human spaceflight</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><s><a href="/wiki/Fuji_(spacecraft)" title="Fuji (spacecraft)">Fuji crewed spacecraft</a></s></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/HOPE-X" title="HOPE-X">HOPE-X</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-II_Transfer_Vehicle" title="H-II Transfer Vehicle">H-II Transfer Vehicle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station (ISS)</a> & <a href="/wiki/Kib%C5%8D_(ISS_module)" title="Kibō (ISS module)">Japanese Experiment Module (Kibō)</a><sup><small>1,2,3,4,5,6</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTV-X" title="HTV-X">HTV-X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Space_Station_Module_(Mitsui)" title="Japanese Space Station Module (Mitsui)">Japanese Space Station Module (Mitsui)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a><sup><small>1,2,4</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Space_probes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Space_probes" class="mw-redirect" title="Space probes">Space probes</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Japanese Lunar Exploration Program">The Moon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_1" title="Hakuto-R Mission 1">Hakuto-R Mission 1</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiten_(spacecraft)" title="Hiten (spacecraft)">Hiten</a></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/Lunar-A" title="Lunar-A">Lunar-A</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SELENE" title="SELENE">Kaguya (SELENE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMOTENASHI" title="OMOTENASHI">OMOTENASHI</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/SELENE-2" title="SELENE-2">SELENE-2</a></s></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EQUULEUS" title="EQUULEUS">EQUULEUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">Smart Lander for Investigating Moon</a> (SLIM)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_2" title="Hakuto-R Mission 2">Hakuto-R Mission 2</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HERACLES_(spacecraft)" title="HERACLES (spacecraft)">HERACLES</a><sup><small>2,4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Cruiser" title="Lunar Cruiser">Lunar Cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Polar_Exploration_Mission" title="Lunar Polar Exploration Mission">Lunar Polar Exploration Mission</a><sup><small>8</small></sup> (LUPEX)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yaoki" title="Yaoki">Yaoki</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa" title="Hayabusa">Hayabusa</a></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa_Mk2" title="Hayabusa Mk2">Hayabusa Mk2</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nozomi_(spacecraft)" title="Nozomi (spacecraft)">Nozomi</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROCYON" title="PROCYON">PROCYON</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakigake" title="Sakigake">Sakigake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin%27en_(spacecraft)" title="Shin'en (spacecraft)">Shin'en</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suisei_(spacecraft)" title="Suisei (spacecraft)">Suisei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akatsuki_(spacecraft)" title="Akatsuki (spacecraft)">Akatsuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BepiColombo" title="BepiColombo">BepiColombo (MMO/Mio)</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2" title="Hayabusa2">Hayabusa2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Icy_Moons_Explorer" title="Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer">Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hera_(space_mission)" title="Hera (space mission)">Hera</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Interceptor" title="Comet Interceptor">Comet Interceptor</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/DESTINY%2B" title="DESTINY+">DESTINY+</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dragonfly_(Titan_space_probe)" title="Dragonfly (Titan space probe)">Dragonfly</a></i><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MELOS" title="MELOS">MELOS</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Martian_Moons_eXploration" title="Martian Moons eXploration">Martian Moons eXploration</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Next_Generation_Small-Body_Sample_Return&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Next Generation Small-Body Sample Return (page does not exist)">Next Generation Small-Body Sample Return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tera-hertz_Explorer" title="Tera-hertz Explorer">TEREX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Reconnaissance_satellites" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance_satellite" title="Reconnaissance satellite">Reconnaissance satellites</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Information_Gathering_Satellite" title="Information Gathering Satellite">IGS</a>-Optical <ul><li>1</li> <li>2</li> <li>Experimentally 3</li></ul></li> <li>IGS-Radar <ul><li>1</li> <li>2</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>IGS-Optical <ul><li>3</li> <li>4</li> <li>5</li> <li>6</li> <li>Experimentally 5</li></ul></li> <li>IGS-Radar <ul><li>3</li> <li>4</li> <li>Spare</li> <li>5</li> <li>6</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>IGS-Optical</i> <ul><li><i>7</i></li> <li><i>8</i></li></ul></li> <li><i>IGS-Radar</i> <ul><li><i>7</i></li> <li>8</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Private_small_satellites" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Private <a href="/wiki/Small_satellite" title="Small satellite">small satellites</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OPUSAT" title="OPUSAT">CosMoz</a></li> <li>CUTE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CUTE-1.7" class="mw-redirect" title="CUTE-1.7">1.7+APD</a></li></ul></li> <li>Fuji <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuji-OSCAR_12&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuji-OSCAR 12 (page does not exist)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuji-OSCAR_20&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuji-OSCAR 20 (page does not exist)">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayato_(satellite)" title="Hayato (satellite)">Hayato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIBARI_(satellite)" title="HIBARI (satellite)">HIBARI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HITSat-OSCAR_59&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HITSat-OSCAR 59 (page does not exist)">HIT-SAT</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SORUNSAT-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SORUNSAT-1 (page does not exist)">Kagayaki</a></li> <li>Kanta-kun (WEOS)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=STARS_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="STARS (satellite) (page does not exist)">Kūkai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sohla" title="Sohla">Maido-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negai_(satellite)" title="Negai (satellite)">Negai☆″</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niwaka" title="Niwaka">Niwaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAIKO_(satellite)" title="RAIKO (satellite)">RAIKO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waseda-SAT2" title="Waseda-SAT2">Waseda-SAT2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WE_WISH" title="WE WISH">WE WISH</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>CUTE <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CUTE-I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CUTE-I (page does not exist)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUTE-1.7_%2B_APD" title="CUTE-1.7 + APD">1.7+APDII</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuji-OSCAR_29&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuji-OSCAR 29 (page does not exist)">Fuji-3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PRISM_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PRISM (satellite) (page does not exist)">Hitomi</a></li> <li>Hodoyoshi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hodoyoshi_1" title="Hodoyoshi 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RISESAT" class="mw-redirect" title="RISESAT">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hodoyoshi_3" title="Hodoyoshi 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hodoyoshi_4" title="Hodoyoshi 4">4</a></li></ul></li> <li>Horyu <ul><li>2</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KKS-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KKS-1 (page does not exist)">Kiseki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROITERES" title="PROITERES">PROITERES</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SPRITE-SAT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SPRITE-SAT (page does not exist)">Raijin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raijin-2" title="Raijin-2">Raijin-2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SEEDS_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SEEDS (satellite) (page does not exist)">SEEDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOCRATES_(satellite)" title="SOCRATES (satellite)">SOCRATES</a></li> <li>XI <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=XI-IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XI-IV (page does not exist)">IV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=XI-V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XI-V (page does not exist)">V</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/DRUMS" title="DRUMS">DRUMS</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/KITSUNE" title="KITSUNE">KITSUNE</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/OPUSAT-II" title="OPUSAT-II">OPUSAT-II</a></i></li> <li><i>QSAT-EOS</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/RSP-01" title="RSP-01">RSP-01</a></i></li> <li><i>SOMESAT</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SpaceTuna1" title="SpaceTuna1">SpaceTuna1</a></i></li> <li><i>SPROUT</i></li> <li><i>TSUBAME</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wisseed_Sat" title="Wisseed Sat">Wisseed Sat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=WNI_satellite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WNI satellite (page does not exist)">WNI satellite</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="21st-century_space_probes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Solar_System_probes" title="Template:Solar System probes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Solar_System_probes" title="Template talk:Solar System probes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Solar_System_probes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Solar System probes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="21st-century_space_probes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">21st-century <a href="/wiki/Space_probe" class="mw-redirect" title="Space probe">space probes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Solar_System_probes" title="List of active Solar System probes">Active space probes</a><br />(deep space missions)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sun</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parker_Solar_Probe" title="Parker Solar Probe">Parker Solar Probe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Orbiter" title="Solar Orbiter">Solar Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aditya-L1" title="Aditya-L1">Aditya-L1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_Moon" title="List of missions to the Moon">Moon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/THEMIS" title="THEMIS">ARTEMIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAPSTONE" title="CAPSTONE">CAPSTONE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2" title="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_3" title="Chang'e 3">Chang'e 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4" title="Chang'e 4">Chang'e 4</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yutu-2" title="Yutu-2"><i>Yutu-2</i> rover</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">Chang'e 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danuri" title="Danuri">Danuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter">Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao relay satellite">Queqiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao-2_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao-2 relay satellite">Queqiao 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiandu" title="Tiandu">Tiandu 1 and 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">Chang'e 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ICUBE-Q" title="ICUBE-Q">ICUBE-Q</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_Mars" title="List of missions to Mars">Mars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emirates_Mars_Mission" title="Emirates Mars Mission">Emirates Mars Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExoMars" title="ExoMars">ExoMars</a> <a href="/wiki/Trace_Gas_Orbiter" title="Trace Gas Orbiter">TGO</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Express" title="Mars Express">Mars Express</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2001_Mars_Odyssey" title="2001 Mars Odyssey">2001 Mars Odyssey</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAVEN" title="MAVEN">MAVEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">MRO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Mars Science Laboratory">MSL</a> <a href="/wiki/Curiosity_(rover)" title="Curiosity (rover)"><i>Curiosity</i> rover</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-1" title="Tianwen-1">Tianwen-1</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2020" title="Mars 2020">Mars 2020</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perseverance_(rover)" title="Perseverance (rover)"><i>Perseverance</i> rover</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other planets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/BepiColombo" title="BepiColombo">BepiColombo</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_Mercury" class="mw-redirect" title="List of missions to Mercury">Mercury</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Akatsuki_(spacecraft)" title="Akatsuki (spacecraft)">Akatsuki</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_Venus" title="List of missions to Venus">Venus</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juno_(spacecraft)" title="Juno (spacecraft)">Juno</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_outer_planets" title="List of missions to the outer planets">Jupiter</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Icy_Moons_Explorer" title="Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer">Juice</a></i> <ul><li>Jupiter</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Europa_Clipper" title="Europa Clipper">Europa Clipper</a></i> <ul><li>Jupiter</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_minor_planets" title="List of missions to minor planets">Minor planets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_2" title="Chang'e 2">Chang'e 2</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2" title="Hayabusa2">Hayabusa2</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2#MINERVA-II" title="Hayabusa2">MINERVA-II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lucy_(spacecraft)" title="Lucy (spacecraft)">Lucy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSIRIS-REx" title="OSIRIS-REx">OSIRIS-REx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hera_(space_mission)" title="Hera (space mission)">Hera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psyche_(spacecraft)" title="Psyche (spacecraft)">Psyche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interstellar space</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_1" title="Voyager 1">Voyager 1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Solar_System_probes" title="List of Solar System probes">Completed after 2000</a><br />(by termination date)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2001 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NEAR_Shoemaker" title="NEAR Shoemaker">NEAR Shoemaker</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_1" title="Deep Space 1">Deep Space 1</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2003 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_10" title="Pioneer 10">Pioneer 10</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Galileo_(spacecraft)" title="Galileo (spacecraft)">Galileo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nozomi_(spacecraft)" title="Nozomi (spacecraft)">Nozomi</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2004 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Genesis_(spacecraft)" title="Genesis (spacecraft)">Genesis</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2005 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Huygens_(spacecraft)" title="Huygens (spacecraft)">Huygens</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2006 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Global_Surveyor" title="Mars Global Surveyor">Mars Global Surveyor</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2008 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(spacecraft)" title="Phoenix (spacecraft)">Phoenix</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2009 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_1" title="Chang'e 1">Chang'e 1</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(spacecraft)" title="Ulysses (spacecraft)">Ulysses</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-1" title="Chandrayaan-1">Chandrayaan-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SELENE" title="SELENE">SELENE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCROSS" title="LCROSS">LCROSS</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2010 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa" title="Hayabusa">Hayabusa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">MER</a> <a href="/wiki/Spirit_(rover)" title="Spirit (rover)"><i>Spirit</i> rover</a></li></ul></li> <li>2011 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Stardust_(spacecraft)" title="Stardust (spacecraft)">Stardust</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2012 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GRAIL" title="GRAIL">GRAIL</a></li></ul></li> <li>2013 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Deep_Impact_(spacecraft)" title="Deep Impact (spacecraft)">Deep Impact</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2014 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LADEE" title="LADEE">LADEE</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Venus_Express" title="Venus Express">Venus Express</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5-T1" title="Chang'e 5-T1">Chang'e 5-T1</a></li></ul></li> <li>2015 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER">MESSENGER</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PROCYON" title="PROCYON">PROCYON</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">IKAROS</a></li></ul></li> <li>2016 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_(spacecraft)" title="Rosetta (spacecraft)">Rosetta</a></i> / <i><a href="/wiki/Philae_(spacecraft)" title="Philae (spacecraft)">Philae</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yutu_(rover)" title="Yutu (rover)"><i>Yutu</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExoMars" title="ExoMars">ExoMars</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Schiaparelli_EDM" title="Schiaparelli EDM">Schiaparelli</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2017 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LISA_Pathfinder" title="LISA Pathfinder">LISA Pathfinder</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" title="Cassini–Huygens">Cassini</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>2018 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2#MASCOT" title="Hayabusa2">MASCOT</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)" title="Dawn (spacecraft)">Dawn</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longjiang_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Longjiang 1">Longjiang-1</a></li></ul></li> <li>2019 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Cube_One" title="Mars Cube One">MarCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">MER</a> <a href="/wiki/Opportunity_(rover)" title="Opportunity (rover)"><i>Opportunity</i> rover</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beresheet" title="Beresheet">Beresheet</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longjiang_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Longjiang 2">Longjiang-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2" title="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan-2</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pragyan_(Chandrayaan-2)" title="Pragyan (Chandrayaan-2)"><i>Pragyan</i> rover</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2020 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">Chang'e 5</a></li></ul></li> <li>2022 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_Asteroid_Redirection_Test" title="Double Asteroid Redirection Test"><i>Double Asteroid Redirection Test</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Orbiter_Mission" title="Mars Orbiter Mission"><i>Mangalyaan</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InSight" title="InSight"><i>InSight</i></a></li></ul></li> <li>2023 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_1" title="Hakuto-R Mission 1">Hakuto-R Mission 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_25" title="Luna 25">Luna 25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2" title="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan-3</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pragyan_(Chandrayaan-3)" title="Pragyan (Chandrayaan-3)"><i>Pragyan</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhurong_(rover)" title="Zhurong (rover)"><i>Zhurong</i> rover</a></li></ul></li> <li>2024 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peregrine_Mission_One" title="Peregrine Mission One">Peregrine Mission One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingenuity_(helicopter)" title="Ingenuity (helicopter)"><i>Ingenuity</i> helicopter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">SLIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IM-1" title="IM-1">IM-1</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Solar_System_probes" title="List of Solar System probes">List of Solar System probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lunar_probes" title="List of lunar probes">List of lunar probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extraterrestrial_orbiters" title="List of extraterrestrial orbiters">List of extraterrestrial orbiters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_space_telescopes" title="List of space telescopes">List of space telescopes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="←_2009Orbital_launches_in_20102011_→" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orbital_launches_in_2010" title="Template:Orbital launches in 2010"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orbital_launches_in_2010" title="Template talk:Orbital launches in 2010"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital_launches_in_2010" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital launches in 2010"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="←_2009Orbital_launches_in_20102011_→" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div style="float: left;"><a href="/wiki/2009_in_spaceflight" title="2009 in spaceflight">← 2009</a></div><a href="/wiki/2010_in_spaceflight" title="2010 in spaceflight"><span class="vevent"><span class="summary">Orbital launches in <span class="dtstart">2010</span></span></span></a><div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/2011_in_spaceflight" title="2011 in spaceflight">2011 →</a></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">January</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compass-G1" title="Compass-G1">Compass-G1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globus-1M_No.12L" title="Globus-1M No.12L">Globus-1M No.12L</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">February</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-04M" title="Progress M-04M">Progress M-04M</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-130" title="STS-130">STS-130</a></u> (<a href="/wiki/Tranquility_(ISS_module)" title="Tranquility (ISS module)">Tranquility</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cupola_(ISS_module)" title="Cupola (ISS module)">Cupola</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Dynamics_Observatory" title="Solar Dynamics Observatory">SDO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelsat_16" title="Intelsat 16">Intelsat 16</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">March</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2459" title="Kosmos 2459">Kosmos 2459</a> / <a href="/wiki/GLONASS-M" title="GLONASS-M">GLONASS-M</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_GLONASS_satellites" title="List of GLONASS satellites">731</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2460" title="Kosmos 2460">Kosmos 2460</a> / <a href="/wiki/GLONASS-M" title="GLONASS-M">GLONASS-M</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_GLONASS_satellites" title="List of GLONASS satellites">732</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2461" title="Kosmos 2461">Kosmos 2461</a> / <a href="/wiki/GLONASS-M" title="GLONASS-M">GLONASS-M</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_GLONASS_satellites" title="List of GLONASS satellites">735</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOES_15" title="GOES 15">GOES-15 / EWS-G2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaogan" title="Yaogan">Yaogan 9A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yaogan" title="Yaogan">Yaogan 9B</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yaogan" title="Yaogan">Yaogan 9C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EchoStar_XIV" title="EchoStar XIV">EchoStar XIV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">April</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-18" title="Soyuz TMA-18">Soyuz TMA-18</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-131" title="STS-131">STS-131</a></u> (<a href="/wiki/Leonardo_(ISS_module)" title="Leonardo (ISS module)">Leonardo MPLM</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CryoSat-2" title="CryoSat-2">CryoSat-2</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/GSAT-4" title="GSAT-4">GSAT-4</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2462&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2462 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2462</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-212" class="mw-redirect" title="USA-212">USA-212</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SES-1" title="SES-1">SES-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2463&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2463 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2463</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-05M" title="Progress M-05M">Progress M-05M</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">May</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-132" title="STS-132">STS-132</a></u> (<a href="/wiki/Rassvet_(ISS_module)" title="Rassvet (ISS module)">Rassvet</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=ICC-VLD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ICC-VLD (page does not exist)">ICC-VLD</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akatsuki_(spacecraft)" title="Akatsuki (spacecraft)">Akatsuki</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">IKAROS</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=DCAM-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DCAM-1 (page does not exist)">DCAM-1</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=DCAM-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DCAM-2 (page does not exist)">DCAM-2</a>), <a href="/wiki/Shin%27en_(spacecraft)" title="Shin'en (spacecraft)">Shin'en</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waseda-SAT2" title="Waseda-SAT2">Waseda-SAT2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hayato_(satellite)" title="Hayato (satellite)">Hayato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Negai_(satellite)" title="Negai (satellite)">Negai ☆''</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astra_3B" title="Astra 3B">Astra 3B</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=COMSATBw-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="COMSATBw-2 (page does not exist)">COMSATBw-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-213" title="USA-213">USA-213</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">June</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SERVIS-2" title="SERVIS-2">SERVIS-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System" class="mw-redirect" title="BeiDou Navigation Satellite System">Compass-G3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Badr-5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Badr-5 (page does not exist)">Badr-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Spacecraft_Qualification_Unit" title="Dragon Spacecraft Qualification Unit">Dragon Spacecraft Qualification Unit</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/STSAT-2B" class="mw-redirect" title="STSAT-2B">STSAT-2B</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shijian" title="Shijian">Shijian XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisma_(satellite_project)" title="Prisma (satellite project)">Prisma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Picard_(satellite)" title="Picard (satellite)">Picard</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=BPA-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BPA-1 (page does not exist)">BPA-1</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-19" title="Soyuz TMA-19">Soyuz TMA-19</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TanDEM-X" title="TanDEM-X">TanDEM-X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofek-9" class="mw-redirect" title="Ofek-9">Ofek-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabsat-5A" title="Arabsat-5A">Arabsat-5A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chollian" title="Chollian">Chollian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-06M" title="Progress M-06M">Progress M-06M</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">July</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EchoStar_XV" title="EchoStar XV">EchoStar XV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartosat-2B" title="Cartosat-2B">Cartosat-2B</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=AlSat-2A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AlSat-2A (page does not exist)">AlSat-2A</a>, <a href="/wiki/StudSat" title="StudSat">StudSat</a>, <a href="/wiki/AISSat-1" title="AISSat-1">AISSat-1</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=TIsat-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TIsat-1 (page does not exist)">TIsat-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compass-IGSO1" title="Compass-IGSO1">Compass-IGSO1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">August</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nilesat_201" title="Nilesat 201">Nilesat 201</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=RASCOM-QAF_1R&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RASCOM-QAF 1R (page does not exist)">RASCOM-QAF 1R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaogan" title="Yaogan">Yaogan 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-214" title="USA-214">USA-214</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tian_Hui_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tian Hui 1 (page does not exist)">Tian Hui 1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">September</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2464" title="Kosmos 2464">Kosmos 2464</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2465" title="Kosmos 2465">Kosmos 2465</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2466" title="Kosmos 2466">Kosmos 2466</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinasat-6A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chinasat-6A (page does not exist)">Chinasat-6A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonets-M" class="mw-redirect" title="Gonets-M">Gonets-M</a> No.2, <a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2467" title="Kosmos 2467">Kosmos 2467</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2468" title="Kosmos 2468">Kosmos 2468</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-07M" title="Progress M-07M">Progress M-07M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quasi-Zenith_Satellite_System" title="Quasi-Zenith Satellite System">Michibiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-215" title="USA-215">USA-215</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaogan" title="Yaogan">Yaogan 11</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zheda_Pixing_1B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zheda Pixing 1B (page does not exist)">Zheda Pixing 1B</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zheda_Pixing_1C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zheda Pixing 1C (page does not exist)">Zheda Pixing 1C</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-216&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-216 (page does not exist)">USA-216</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2469" title="Kosmos 2469">Kosmos 2469</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">October</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_2" title="Chang'e 2">Chang'e 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shijian" title="Shijian">Shijian 6G</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shijian" title="Shijian">Shijian 6H</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-01M" title="Soyuz TMA-01M">Soyuz TMA-01M</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XM_Satellite_Radio" title="XM Satellite Radio">XM-5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Globalstar_73&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Globalstar 73 (page does not exist)">Globalstar 73</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Globalstar_74&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Globalstar 74 (page does not exist)">Globalstar 74</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Globalstar_75&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Globalstar 75 (page does not exist)">Globalstar 75</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Globalstar_76&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Globalstar 76 (page does not exist)">Globalstar 76</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Globalstar_77&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Globalstar 77 (page does not exist)">Globalstar 77</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Globalstar_79&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Globalstar 79 (page does not exist)">Globalstar 79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-08M" title="Progress M-08M">Progress M-08M</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eutelsat_W3B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eutelsat W3B (page does not exist)">Eutelsat W3B</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=BSat_3B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BSat 3B (page does not exist)">BSat 3B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System" class="mw-redirect" title="BeiDou Navigation Satellite System">Compass-G4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">November</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meridian_3" title="Meridian 3">Meridian 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengyun" title="Fengyun">Fengyun 3B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COSMO-SkyMed" title="COSMO-SkyMed">COSMO-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SkyTerra" title="SkyTerra">SkyTerra-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Test_Program" title="Space Test Program">STPSat-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/FASTSAT" title="FASTSAT">USA-220 / FASTSAT</a> (<span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/NanoSail-D2" title="NanoSail-D2">NanoSail-D2</a></span>), <a href="/wiki/USA-221" title="USA-221">USA-221</a> / <a href="/wiki/USA-221" title="USA-221">FalconSat-5</a>, <a href="/wiki/FASTRAC" title="FASTRAC">USA-222 / FASTRAC-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/FASTRAC" title="FASTRAC">USA-222 / FASTRAC-2</a>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Radio_Aurora_Explorer" title="Radio Aurora Explorer">USA-218 / RAX</a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/O/OREOS" title="O/OREOS">USA-219 / O/OREOS</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-223" title="USA-223">USA-223</a> / <a href="/wiki/Orion_(satellite)" title="Orion (satellite)">Orion 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinasat" title="Chinasat">Chinasat 20A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelsat_17" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelsat 17">Intelsat 17</a>, <a href="/wiki/HYLAS-1" title="HYLAS-1">HYLAS-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">December</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glonass-M_No.39&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glonass-M No.39 (page does not exist)">Glonass-M No.39</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glonass-M_No.40&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glonass-M No.40 (page does not exist)">Glonass-M No.40</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glonass-M_No.41&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glonass-M No.41 (page does not exist)">Glonass-M No.41</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_COTS_Demo_Flight_1" title="SpaceX COTS Demo Flight 1">SpaceX COTS Demo Flight 1</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayflower_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mayflower (satellite) (page does not exist)">Mayflower</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=SMDC-ONE_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SMDC-ONE 1 (page does not exist)">SMDC-ONE 1</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=QbX-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="QbX-1 (page does not exist)">QbX-1</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=QbX-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="QbX-2 (page does not exist)">QbX-2</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perseus_000&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perseus 000 (page does not exist)">Perseus 000</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perseus_001&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perseus 001 (page does not exist)">Perseus 001</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perseus_002&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perseus 002 (page does not exist)">Perseus 002</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perseus_003&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perseus 003 (page does not exist)">Perseus 003</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-20" title="Soyuz TMA-20">Soyuz TMA-20</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System" class="mw-redirect" title="BeiDou Navigation Satellite System">Compass-IGSO2</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/GSAT-5P" title="GSAT-5P">GSAT-5P</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KA-SAT" title="KA-SAT">KA-SAT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).<br /><u>Crewed flights</u> are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IKAROS&oldid=1251298809">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IKAROS&oldid=1251298809</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Japanese_space_probes" title="Category:Japanese space probes">Japanese space probes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Solar_sail_spacecraft" title="Category:Solar sail spacecraft">Solar sail spacecraft</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Space_probes_launched_in_2010" title="Category:Space probes launched in 2010">Space probes launched in 2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:JAXA" title="Category:JAXA">JAXA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2010_in_Japan" title="Category:2010 in Japan">2010 in Japan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spacecraft_launched_by_H-II_rockets" title="Category:Spacecraft launched by H-II rockets">Spacecraft launched by H-II rockets</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_bare_URLs_for_citations" title="Category:All articles with bare URLs for citations">All articles with bare URLs for citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_bare_URLs_for_citations_from_March_2024" title="Category:Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2024">Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Japanese-language_sources_(ja)" title="Category:CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)">CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_uses_Japanese-language_script_(ja)" title="Category:CS1 uses Japanese-language script (ja)">CS1 uses Japanese-language script (ja)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_June_2021" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from June 2021">Articles with dead external links from June 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_September_2019" title="Category:Use dmy dates from September 2019">Use dmy dates from September 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text">Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_December_2020" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2020">Articles with unsourced statements from December 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_displaying_short_descriptions_of_redirect_targets_via_Module:Annotated_link" title="Category:Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets via Module:Annotated link">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets via Module:Annotated link</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 15 October 2024, at 12:52<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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