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Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Satellite_for_Cosmology_and_Astrophysics" title="Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Satellite_for_Cosmology_and_Astrophysics" title="Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%87_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="ماهواره پیشرفته کیهان‌شناسی و اخترفیزیک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ماهواره پیشرفته کیهان‌شناسی و اخترفیزیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Satellite_for_Cosmology_and_Astrophysics" title="Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Satellite_for_Cosmology_and_Astrophysics" title="Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C15%ED%98%B8_%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99%EC%9C%84%EC%84%B1_%EC%95%84%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%B4" title="제15호 과학위성 아스카 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제15호 과학위성 아스카" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Satellite_for_Cosmology_and_Astrophysics" title="Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Satellite_for_Cosmology_and_Astrophysics" title="Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCA" title="ASCA – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ASCA" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Satellite_for_Cosmology_and_Astrophysics" title="Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%82%E3%81%99%E3%81%8B_(%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F)" title="あすか (人工衛星) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="あすか (人工衛星)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Satellite_for_Cosmology_and_Astrophysics" title="Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCA" title="ASCA – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="ASCA" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%97_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Передовий супутник для космології та астрофізики – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Передовий супутник для космології та астрофізики" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15018#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1089065853">.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight{width:25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight .infobox-header{background:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .ib-edit-wd{float:right}</style><table class="infobox ib-spaceflight"><caption class="infobox-title">Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ASCA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/ASCA.jpg/275px-ASCA.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/ASCA.jpg/413px-ASCA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/ASCA.jpg/550px-ASCA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2515" data-file-height="1825" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Names</th><td class="infobox-data">ASTRO-D, Asuka</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission type</th><td class="infobox-data">X-ray observatory</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Space_and_Astronautical_Science" title="Institute of Space and Astronautical Science">ISAS</a> / <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Designator" title="International Designator">COSPAR ID</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1993-011A">1993-011A</a></span><span class="ib-edit-wd"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15018#P247" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Catalog_Number" title="Satellite Catalog Number">SATCAT <abbr title="number">no.</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data">22521</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/asca/">http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/asca/</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission duration</th><td class="infobox-data">Final: 8 years, 10 days</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Spacecraft properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/NEC" title="NEC">NEC</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch mass</th><td class="infobox-data">420 kg (930 lb)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dimensions</th><td class="infobox-data">4.7 m (15 ft) long</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Start of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch date</th><td class="infobox-data">20 February 1993, 02:20<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtstart">1993-02-20UTC02:20</span>)</span> UTC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rocket</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mu_(rocket_family)" title="Mu (rocket family)">Mu-3SII</a>, mission M-3SII-7</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch site</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kagoshima_Space_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Kagoshima Space Center">Kagoshima Space Center</a>, Japan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Contractor</th><td class="infobox-data">ISAS</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">End of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Disposal</th><td class="infobox-data">deorbited</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Decay date</th><td class="infobox-data">2 March 2001, 14:20<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend">2001-03-02UTC14:21</span>)</span> UTC</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Orbital parameters</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference system</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Geocentric_orbit" title="Geocentric orbit">Geocentric</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Regime</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">Low Earth</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity" title="Orbital eccentricity">Eccentricity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0.01</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Perigee altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">523.6 km (325.3 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Apogee altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">615.3 km (382.3 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">Inclination</a></th><td class="infobox-data">31.1°</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period">Period</a></th><td class="infobox-data">96.09 minutes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Epoch_(astronomy)" title="Epoch (astronomy)">Epoch</a></th><td class="infobox-data">20 February 1993</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Main telescope</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wolter_telescope" title="Wolter telescope">Wolter</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Diameter</th><td class="infobox-data">1.2 m (3.9 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Focal length</th><td class="infobox-data">3.5 m (11 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Collecting area</th><td class="infobox-data">1,300 cm<sup>2</sup> (200 sq in) @ 1 kev <br /> 600 cm<sup>2</sup> (93 sq in) @ 7 keV</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Wavelengths</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/X-ray" title="X-ray">X-ray</a>, SIS: 3–0.12 <a href="/wiki/Nanometre" title="Nanometre">nm</a> (0.4–10 <a href="/wiki/Kiloelectronvolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiloelectronvolt">keV</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /> GIS: 1.8–0.12 nm (0.7–10 keV)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox collapsible collapsed"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:95%"><span style="font-size:105%;">Instruments</span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">XRT</th><td class="infobox-data">X-ray Telescope</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">SIS</th><td class="infobox-data">Solid-State Imaging Spectrometer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">GIS</th><td class="infobox-data">Gas Imaging Spectrometer</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics</b> (<b>ASCA</b>, formerly named <b>ASTRO-D</b>) was the fourth cosmic X-ray astronomy mission by <a href="/wiki/JAXA" title="JAXA">JAXA</a>, and the second for which the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> provided part of the scientific payload. The satellite was successfully launched on 20 February 1993. The first eight months of the ASCA mission were devoted to performance verification. Having established the quality of performance of all ASCA's instruments, the spacecraft provided science observations for the remainder of the mission. In this phase the observing program was open to <a href="/wiki/Astronomer" title="Astronomer">astronomers</a> based at Japanese and U.S. institutions, as well as those located in member states of the <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nasascimis_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasascimis-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tanaka_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tanaka-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="X-ray_astronomy_mission">X-ray astronomy mission</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Satellite_for_Cosmology_and_Astrophysics&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: X-ray astronomy mission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ASCA was the first <a href="/wiki/History_of_X-ray_astronomy" title="History of X-ray astronomy">X-ray astronomy mission</a> to combine imaging capability with a broad <a href="/wiki/Passband" title="Passband">passband</a>, good <a href="/wiki/Spectral_resolution" title="Spectral resolution">spectral resolution</a>, and a large effective area. The mission also was the first satellite to use <a href="/wiki/Charge-coupled_device" title="Charge-coupled device">CCDs</a> for <a href="/wiki/X-ray_astronomy" title="X-ray astronomy">X-ray astronomy</a>. With these properties, the primary scientific purpose of ASCA was the <a href="/wiki/X-ray_spectroscopy" title="X-ray spectroscopy">X-ray spectroscopy</a> of astrophysical plasmas, especially the analysis of discrete features such as <a href="/wiki/Emission_lines" class="mw-redirect" title="Emission lines">emission lines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Absorption_spectrum" class="mw-redirect" title="Absorption spectrum">absorption edges</a>. </p><p>ASCA carried four large-area <a href="/wiki/X-ray_telescope" title="X-ray telescope">X-ray telescopes</a>. At the focus of two of the telescopes is a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas_imaging_spectrometer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gas imaging spectrometer (page does not exist)">gas imaging spectrometer</a> (GIS), while a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Solid-state_imaging_spectrometer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solid-state imaging spectrometer (page does not exist)">solid-state imaging spectrometer</a> (SIS) is at the focus of the other two.<sup id="cite_ref-nasascimis_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasascimis-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tanaka_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tanaka-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The GIS is a gas-imaging scintillation proportional counter and is based on the GSPC that flew on the second Japanese X-ray astronomy mission, <a href="/wiki/Tenma" title="Tenma">Tenma</a>. The two identical <a href="/wiki/Charge-coupled_device" title="Charge-coupled device">charge-coupled device</a> (CCD) cameras were provided for the two SISs by a hardware team from MIT, Osaka University and ISAS. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Significant_contributions">Significant contributions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Satellite_for_Cosmology_and_Astrophysics&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Significant contributions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ASCA was launched by ISAS (Institute of Space and Astronautical Sciences), Japan. </p><p>The sensitivity of ASCA's instruments allowed for the first detailed, broad-band spectra of distant quasars to be derived. In addition, ASCA's suite of instruments provided the best opportunity at the time for identifying the sources whose combined emission makes up the cosmic X-ray background.<sup id="cite_ref-nasascimis_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasascimis-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tsusaka_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tsusaka-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It performed over 3000 observations, and produced over 1000 publications in refereed journals so far. The ASCA archive contains significant amounts of data for future analyses. Furthermore, the mission is termed highly successful when reflecting on what scientists in many counties have accomplished using ASCA data up to this time. </p><p>The U.S. contributed significantly to ASCA's scientific payloads. In return, 40% of ASCA observing time was made available to U.S. scientists. (ISAS also opened up 10% of the time to ESA scientists as a good-will gesture.) In addition, all ASCA data enter the public domain after a suitable period (1 year for U.S. data, 18 months for Japanese data) and become available to scientists worldwide. The design of ASCA was optimized for X-ray spectroscopy; thus it complemented <a href="/wiki/ROSAT" title="ROSAT">ROSAT</a> (optimized for X-ray imaging) and <a href="/wiki/RXTE" class="mw-redirect" title="RXTE">RXTE</a> (optimized for timing studies). Finally, ASCA results cover almost the entire range of objects, from nearby stars to the most distant objects in the universe.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission_end">Mission end</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Satellite_for_Cosmology_and_Astrophysics&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mission end"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The mission operated successfully for over 7 years until attitude control was lost on 14 July 2000 during a <a href="/wiki/Geomagnetic_storm" title="Geomagnetic storm">geomagnetic storm</a>, after which no scientific observations were performed. ASCA reentered the atmosphere on 2 March 2001 after more than 8 years in orbit. </p><p>The primary responsibility of the U.S. ASCA GOF was to enable U.S. astronomers to make the best use of the ASCA mission, in close collaboration with the Japanese ASCA team.<sup id="cite_ref-misend_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-misend-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Satellite_for_Cosmology_and_Astrophysics&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jsc.nasa.gov/policies.html#Guidelines">public domain material</a> from websites or documents of the <a href="/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2016</span>. <q>Energy Range : 0.7 keV to 10 keV</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gas+Imaging+Spectrometers&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fheasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fdocs%2Fasca%2Fasca_gis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Satellite+for+Cosmology+and+Astrophysics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nasascimis-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nasascimis_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nasascimis_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nasascimis_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111007123952/https://science.nasa.gov/missions/asca">"ASCA"</a>. <i>NASA Science Missions</i>. 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"The X-ray astronomy satellite ASCA". <i>Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan</i>. <b>46</b> (3): L37–L41. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994PASJ...46L..37T">1994PASJ...46L..37T</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Publications+of+the+Astronomical+Society+of+Japan&rft.atitle=The+X-ray+astronomy+satellite+ASCA&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=L37-L41&rft.date=1994-06&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1994PASJ...46L..37T&rft.aulast=Tanaka&rft.aufirst=Yasuo&rft.au=Inoue%2C+Hajime&rft.au=Holt%2C+Stephen+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Satellite+for+Cosmology+and+Astrophysics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tsusaka-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tsusaka_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTsusakaSuzukiYamashitaKunieda1995" class="citation journal cs1">Tsusaka, Yoshiyuki; Suzuki, Hisanori; Yamashita, Koujun; Kunieda, Hideyo; Tawara, Yuzuru; et al. (August 1995). "Characterization of the Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics X-ray telescope: Preflight calibration and ray tracing". <i>Applied Optics</i>. <b>34</b> (22): 4848–4856. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995ApOpt..34.4848T">1995ApOpt..34.4848T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1364%2FAO.34.004848">10.1364/AO.34.004848</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21052325">21052325</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Optics&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+the+Advanced+Satellite+for+Cosmology+and+Astrophysics+X-ray+telescope%3A+Preflight+calibration+and+ray+tracing&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=22&rft.pages=4848-4856&rft.date=1995-08&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21052325&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1364%2FAO.34.004848&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1995ApOpt..34.4848T&rft.aulast=Tsusaka&rft.aufirst=Yoshiyuki&rft.au=Suzuki%2C+Hisanori&rft.au=Yamashita%2C+Koujun&rft.au=Kunieda%2C+Hideyo&rft.au=Tawara%2C+Yuzuru&rft.au=Ogasaka%2C+Yasushi&rft.au=Uchibori%2C+Yasuhiro&rft.au=Honda%2C+Hirohiko&rft.au=Itoh%2C+Masayuki&rft.au=Awaki%2C+Hisamitsu&rft.au=Tsunemi%2C+Hiroshi&rft.au=Hayashida%2C+Kiyoshi&rft.au=Nomoto%2C+Susumu&rft.au=Wada%2C+Mikio&rft.au=Miyata%2C+Emi&rft.au=Serlemitsos%2C+Peter+J.&rft.au=Jalota%2C+Lalit&rft.au=Soong%2C+Yang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Satellite+for+Cosmology+and+Astrophysics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/asca/outreach/asca_asca.html">"ASCA's Significant Contributions to Astrophysics"</a>. <i>ASCA Guest Observer Facility</i>. NASA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ASCA+Guest+Observer+Facility&rft.atitle=ASCA%27s+Significant+Contributions+to+Astrophysics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fheasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fdocs%2Fasca%2Foutreach%2Fasca_asca.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Satellite+for+Cosmology+and+Astrophysics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-misend-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-misend_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/asca/ascagof.html">"The ASCA Mission: (1993-2000)"</a>. NASA. 20 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+ASCA+Mission%3A+%281993-2000%29&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=2011-05-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fheasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fdocs%2Fasca%2Fascagof.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Satellite+for+Cosmology+and+Astrophysics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Satellite_for_Cosmology_and_Astrophysics&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131030112716/http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/enterp/missions/asca/index.shtml">ASCA website</a> by JAXA</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/asca/">ASCA website</a> by NASA</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 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telescope">Space telescopes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operating</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Radio_astronomy" title="Radio astronomy">Radio and Microwave</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4#Science_payloads" title="Chang'e 4">NCLE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2018)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Orbiter" title="Solar Orbiter">Solar Orbiter</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2020)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEREO" title="STEREO">STEREO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2006)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao relay satellite">Queqiao</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2018)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_(spacecraft)" title="Wind (spacecraft)">Wind</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1994)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao-2_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao-2 relay satellite">Queqiao 2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2024)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Infrared_telescope" title="Infrared telescope">Infrared</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odin_(satellite)" title="Odin (satellite)">Odin</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2001)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOLAR_(ISS)" title="SOLAR (ISS)">SOLAR</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2008)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="James Webb Space Telescope">James Webb</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2022)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Optical_telescope" title="Optical telescope">Optical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stars-AO" title="Stars-AO">Aoi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2018)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrosat" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrosat">Astrosat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2015)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRITE" title="BRITE">BRITE</a> constellation <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_H-alpha_Solar_Explorer" title="Chinese H-alpha Solar Explorer">CHASE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2021)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHEOPS" title="CHEOPS">CHEOPS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2019)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_Climate_Observatory" title="Deep Space Climate Observatory">DSCOVR</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2015)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euclid_(spacecraft)" title="Euclid (spacecraft)">Euclid</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2023)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2#Mission_extension" title="Hayabusa2">Hayabusa2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2021)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaia_(spacecraft)" title="Gaia (spacecraft)">Gaia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HiRISE" title="HiRISE">HiRISE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2005)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1990)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinode_(satellite)" title="Hinode (satellite)">Hinode (Solar-B)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2006)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_Earth_Object_Surveillance_Satellite" title="Near Earth Object Surveillance Satellite">NEOSSat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odin_(satellite)" title="Odin (satellite)">Odin</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2001)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Dynamics_Observatory" title="Solar Dynamics Observatory">SDO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2010)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_and_Heliospheric_Observatory" title="Solar and Heliospheric Observatory">SOHO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1995)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOLAR_(ISS)" title="SOLAR (ISS)">SOLAR</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2008)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gehrels_Swift_Observatory" title="Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory">Swift</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2004)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite" title="Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite">TESS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2018)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_astronomy" title="Ultraviolet astronomy">Ultraviolet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aditya-L1" title="Aditya-L1">Aditya-L1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2023)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Space-based_Solar_Observatory" title="Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory">ASO-S</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2022)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrosat" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrosat">Astrosat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2015)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibari_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hibari (satellite)">Hibari</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2021)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinode_(satellite)" title="Hinode (satellite)">Hinode (Solar-B)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2006)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interface_Region_Imaging_Spectrograph" title="Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph">IRIS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Dynamics_Observatory" title="Solar Dynamics Observatory">SDO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2010)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_and_Heliospheric_Observatory" title="Solar and Heliospheric Observatory">SOHO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1995)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOLAR_(ISS)" title="SOLAR (ISS)">SOLAR</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2008)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Orbiter" title="Solar Orbiter">Solar Orbiter</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2020)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEREO" title="STEREO">STEREO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2006)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gehrels_Swift_Observatory" title="Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory">Swift</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2004)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/X-ray_astronomy" title="X-ray astronomy">X-ray</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gamma-ray_astronomy" title="Gamma-ray astronomy">Gamma-ray</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calorimetric_Electron_Telescope" title="Calorimetric Electron Telescope">CALET</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2015)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_X-ray_Observatory" title="Chandra X-ray Observatory">Chandra (AXAF)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1999)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Matter_Particle_Explorer" title="Dark Matter Particle Explorer">DAMPE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2015)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einstein_Probe" title="Einstein Probe">Einstein Probe</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2024)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_X-ray_Modulation_Telescope" title="Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope">HXMT (Insight)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2017)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INTEGRAL" title="INTEGRAL">INTEGRAL</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2002)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermi_Gamma-ray_Space_Telescope" title="Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope">Fermi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2008)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitational_Wave_High-energy_Electromagnetic_Counterpart_All-sky_Monitor" title="Gravitational Wave High-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor">GECAM</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2020)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IXPE" title="IXPE">IXPE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2021)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spektr-RG" title="Spektr-RG">Spektr-RG</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2019)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Variable_Objects_Monitor" title="Space Variable Objects Monitor">SVOM</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2024)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gehrels_Swift_Observatory" title="Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory">Swift</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2004)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Valier_(satellite)" title="Max Valier (satellite)">Max Valier Sat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2017)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAXI_(ISS_Experiment)" class="mw-redirect" title="MAXI (ISS Experiment)">MAXI</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2009)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_X-ray_Solar_Spectrometer_CubeSat" title="Miniature X-ray Solar Spectrometer CubeSat">MinXSS-2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2018)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron_Star_Interior_Composition_Explorer" title="Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer">NICER</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2017)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NuSTAR" title="NuSTAR">NuSTAR</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2012)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster_Eye_Imager_for_Astronomy" title="Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy">LEIA</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2022)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Ray_Imaging_and_Spectroscopy_Mission" title="X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission">XRISM</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2023)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XPoSat" title="XPoSat">XPoSat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2024)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XMM-Newton" title="XMM-Newton">XMM-Newton</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1999)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other (particle<br />or unclassified)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Composition_Explorer" title="Advanced Composition Explorer">ACE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1997)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Magnetic_Spectrometer" title="Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer">AMS-02</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2011)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calorimetric_Electron_Telescope" title="Calorimetric Electron Telescope">CALET</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2015)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Matter_Particle_Explorer" title="Dark Matter Particle Explorer">DAMPE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2015)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_Boundary_Explorer" title="Interstellar Boundary Explorer">IBEX</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2008)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Ray_Energetics_and_Mass_Experiment#ISS-CREAM" title="Cosmic Ray Energetics and Mass Experiment">ISS-CREAM</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2017)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JEM-EUSO" title="JEM-EUSO">Mini-EUSO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2019)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_and_Heliospheric_Observatory" title="Solar and Heliospheric Observatory">SOHO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1995)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Orbiter" title="Solar Orbiter">Solar Orbiter</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2020)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEREO" title="STEREO">STEREO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 2006)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Planned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PETREL" title="PETREL">PETREL</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2025)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPHEREx" title="SPHEREx">SPHEREx</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2025)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JEM-EUSO" title="JEM-EUSO">K-EUSO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2026)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Grace_Roman_Space_Telescope" title="Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope">Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2026)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PLATO_(spacecraft)" title="PLATO (spacecraft)">PLATO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2026)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuntian" title="Xuntian">Xuntian</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2026)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compton_Spectrometer_and_Imager" title="Compton Spectrometer and Imager">COSI</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2027)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_26#Scientific_payload" title="Luna 26">LORD</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2027)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEO_Surveyor" title="NEO Surveyor">NEO Surveyor</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2027)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JASMINE_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="JASMINE (satellite)">JASMINE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2028)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar-C_EUVST" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar-C EUVST">Solar-C EUVST</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2028)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARIEL" title="ARIEL">ARIEL</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2029)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spektr-UV" title="Spektr-UV">Spektr-UV</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2030)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UVEX" title="UVEX">UVEX</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2030)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spektr-M" title="Spektr-M">Spektr-M</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2030+)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LiteBIRD" title="LiteBIRD">LiteBIRD</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2032)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiji_Program_in_Space" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiji Program in Space">Taiji</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2033)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Telescope_for_High_Energy_Astrophysics" title="Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics">Athena</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2035)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laser_Interferometer_Space_Antenna" title="Laser Interferometer Space Antenna">LISA</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2035)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_proposed_space_observatories" class="mw-redirect" title="List of proposed space observatories">Proposed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcus_(satellite)" title="Arcus (satellite)">Arcus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astro-1_Telescope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astro-1 Telescope (page does not exist)">Astro-1 Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AstroSat-2" title="AstroSat-2">AstroSat-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exoplanetary_Circumstellar_Environments_and_Disk_Explorer" title="Exoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk Explorer">EXCEDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresnel_Imager" class="mw-redirect" title="Fresnel Imager">Fresnel Imager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOCAL_(spacecraft)" title="FOCAL (spacecraft)">FOCAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_Solar_Space_Telescope" title="Galileo Solar Space Telescope">GSST-PMM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitable_Exoplanets_Observatory" title="Habitable Exoplanets Observatory">HabEx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitable_Worlds_Observatory" title="Habitable Worlds Observatory">HWO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertelescope" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypertelescope">Hypertelescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Lunar_Observatory" title="International Lunar Observatory">ILO-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAXI_(ISS_experiment)#iWF-MAXI" title="MAXI (ISS experiment)">iWF-MAXI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JEM-EUSO" title="JEM-EUSO">JEM-EUSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Ultraviolet_Cosmic_Imager" title="Lunar Ultraviolet Cosmic Imager">LUCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_Ultraviolet_Optical_Infrared_Surveyor" title="Large Ultraviolet Optical Infrared Surveyor">LUVOIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynx_X-ray_Observatory" title="Lynx X-ray Observatory">Lynx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nano-JASMINE" title="Nano-JASMINE">Nano-JASMINE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautilus_Deep_Space_Observatory" title="Nautilus Deep Space Observatory">Nautilus Deep Space Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Worlds_Mission" title="New Worlds Mission">New Worlds Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_National_Reconnaissance_Office_space_telescope_donation_to_NASA" title="2012 National Reconnaissance Office space telescope donation to NASA">NRO donation to NASA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Binary_Black_Hole_Investigation_Satellite" title="Orbiting Binary Black Hole Investigation Satellite">ORBIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origins_Space_Telescope" title="Origins Space Telescope">OST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXSI_Sounding_Rocket" title="FOXSI Sounding Rocket">PhoENiX</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solar-D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solar-D (page does not exist)">Solar-D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Solar_Telescope" title="Space Solar Telescope">Space Solar Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telescope_for_Habitable_Exoplanets_and_Interstellar/Intergalactic_Astronomy" title="Telescope for Habitable Exoplanets and Interstellar/Intergalactic Astronomy">THEIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THESEUS_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="THESEUS (satellite)">THESEUS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retired</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AGILE_(satellite)" title="AGILE (satellite)">AGILE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2007–2024)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akari_(satellite)" title="Akari (satellite)">Akari (Astro-F)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2006–2011)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Array_of_Low_Energy_X-ray_Imaging_Sensors" title="Array of Low Energy X-ray Imaging Sensors">ALEXIS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1993–2005)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alouette_1" title="Alouette 1">Alouette 1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1962–1972)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_1" title="Ariel 1">Ariel 1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1962, 1964)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_2" title="Ariel 2">Ariel 2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1964)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_3" title="Ariel 3">Ariel 3</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1967–1969)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_4" title="Ariel 4">Ariel 4</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1971–1972)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_5" title="Ariel 5">Ariel 5</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1974–1980)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ariel 6">Ariel 6</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1979–1982)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASTERIA_(spacecraft)" title="ASTERIA (spacecraft)">ASTERIA</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2017–2019)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Telescope_Mount" title="Apollo Telescope Mount">ATM</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1973–1974)</span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ASCA (Astro-D)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1993–2000)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-35" title="STS-35">Astro-1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1990)</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broad_Band_X-ray_Telescope" title="Broad Band X-ray Telescope">BBXRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopkins_Ultraviolet_Telescope" title="Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope">HUT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-67" title="STS-67">Astro-2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hopkins_Ultraviolet_Telescope" title="Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope">HUT</a>) <span style="font-size:85%;">(1995)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astron_(spacecraft)" title="Astron (spacecraft)">Astron</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1983–1991)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_Netherlands_Satellite" title="Astronomical Netherlands Satellite">ANS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1974–1976)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeppoSAX" title="BeppoSAX">BeppoSAX</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1996–2003)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHIPSat" class="mw-redirect" title="CHIPSat">CHIPSat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2003–2008)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compton_Gamma_Ray_Observatory" title="Compton Gamma Ray Observatory">Compton (CGRO)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1991–2000)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CoRoT" title="CoRoT">CoRoT</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2006–2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cos-B" title="Cos-B">Cos-B</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1975–1982)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Background_Explorer" title="Cosmic Background Explorer">COBE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1989–1993)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXBN-2" title="CXBN-2">CXBN-2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2017–2019)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-54#Mission_highlights" title="STS-54">DXS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1993)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPOXI#EPOCh" title="EPOXI">EPOCh</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2008)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPOXI" title="EPOXI">EPOXI</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2010)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_11" title="Explorer 11">Explorer 11</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1961)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EXOSAT" title="EXOSAT">EXOSAT</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1983–1986)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_Ultraviolet_Explorer" title="Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer">EUVE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1992–2001)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_Ultraviolet_Spectroscopic_Explorer" title="Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer">FUSE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1999–2007)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvant-1" title="Kvant-1">Kvant-1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1987–2001)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GALEX" title="GALEX">GALEX</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2003–2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma_(satellite)" title="Gamma (satellite)">Gamma</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1990–1992)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginga_(satellite)" title="Ginga (satellite)">Ginga (Astro-C)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1987–1991)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granat" title="Granat">Granat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1989–1998)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakucho" title="Hakucho">Hakucho (CORSA-b)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1979–1985)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HALCA" title="HALCA">HALCA (MUSES-B)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1997–2005)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Energy_Astronomy_Observatory_1" title="High Energy Astronomy Observatory 1">HEAO-1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1977–1979)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herschel_Space_Observatory" title="Herschel Space Observatory">Herschel</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2009–2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinotori_(satellite)" title="Hinotori (satellite)">Hinotori (Astro-A)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1981–1991)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hisaki_(satellite)" title="Hisaki (satellite)">Hisaki (SPRINT-A)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2013–2023)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einstein_Observatory" title="Einstein Observatory">HEAO-2 (Einstein Obs.)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1978–1982)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Energy_Astronomy_Observatory_3" title="High Energy Astronomy Observatory 3">HEAO-3</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1979–1981)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Energy_Transient_Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="High Energy Transient Explorer">HETE-2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2000–2008)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipparcos" title="Hipparcos">Hipparcos</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1989–1993)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Lunar_Observatory" title="International Lunar Observatory">ILO-X</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2024)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRAS" title="IRAS">IRAS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1983)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Flyer_Unit#Experimentation_data" title="Space Flyer Unit">IRTS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1995–1996)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrared_Space_Observatory" title="Infrared Space Observatory">ISO</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1996–1998)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Ultraviolet_Explorer" title="International Ultraviolet Explorer">IUE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1978–1996)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Remote_Sensing_Programme" title="Indian Remote Sensing Programme">IXAE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1996–2004)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler_space_telescope" title="Kepler space telescope">Kepler</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2009–2018)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristall" title="Kristall">Kristall</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1990–2001)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LEGRI" title="LEGRI">LEGRI</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1997–2002)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LISA_Pathfinder" title="LISA Pathfinder">LISA Pathfinder</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2015–2017)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_X-ray_Solar_Spectrometer_CubeSat" title="Miniature X-ray Solar Spectrometer CubeSat">MinXSS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2015–2017)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOST_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="MOST (satellite)">MOST</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2003–2019)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midcourse_Space_Experiment" title="Midcourse Space Experiment">MSX</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1996–1997)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhailo_Lomonosov_(satellite)" title="Mikhailo Lomonosov (satellite)">Mikhailo Lomonosov</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2016–2019?)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Astronomical_Observatory_2" title="Orbiting Astronomical Observatory 2">OAO-2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1968–1973)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Astronomical_Observatory#OAO-3_(Copernicus)" title="Orbiting Astronomical Observatory">OAO-3 (Copernicus)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1972–1981)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Solar_Observatory" title="Orbiting Solar Observatory">Orbiting Solar Observatory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OSO_1" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO 1">OSO 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Solar_Observatory" title="Orbiting Solar Observatory">OSO B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_3" title="OSO 3">OSO 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_4" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO 4">OSO 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_5" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO 5">OSO 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_6" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO 6">OSO 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_7" title="OSO 7">OSO 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_8" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO 8">OSO 8</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_(space_telescope)" title="Orion (space telescope)">Orion 1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1971)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_(space_telescope)" title="Orion (space telescope)">Orion 2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1973)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAMELA_detector" title="PAMELA detector">PAMELA</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2006–2016)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PicSat" title="PicSat">PicSat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2018)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planck_(spacecraft)" title="Planck (spacecraft)">Planck</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2009–2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RELIKT-1" title="RELIKT-1">RELIKT-1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1983–1984)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuven_Ramaty_High_Energy_Solar_Spectroscopic_Imager" title="Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager">R/HESSI</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2002–2018)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROSAT" title="ROSAT">ROSAT</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1990–1999)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossi_X-ray_Timing_Explorer" title="Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer">RXTE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1995–2012)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Anomalous_and_Magnetospheric_Particle_Explorer" title="Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer">SAMPEX</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1992–2004)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Astronomy_Satellite_2" title="Small Astronomy Satellite 2">SAS-B</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1972–1973)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Astronomy_Satellite_3" title="Small Astronomy Satellite 3">SAS-C</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1975–1979)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solwind" title="Solwind">Solwind</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1979–1985)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spektr-R" title="Spektr-R">Spektr-R</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2011–2019)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitzer_Space_Telescope" title="Spitzer Space Telescope">Spitzer</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2003–2020)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzaku_(satellite)" title="Suzaku (satellite)">Suzaku (Astro-EII)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2005–2015)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Radiation_and_Thermospheric_Satellite" title="Solar Radiation and Thermospheric Satellite">Taiyo (SRATS)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1975–1980)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenma" title="Tenma">Tenma (Astro-B)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1983–1985)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uhuru_(satellite)" title="Uhuru (satellite)">Uhuru</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1970–1973)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_3" title="Vanguard 3">Vanguard 3</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1959)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Microwave_Anisotropy_Probe" title="Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe">WMAP</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2001–2010)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide-field_Infrared_Survey_Explorer" title="Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer">WISE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2009–2024)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yohkoh" title="Yohkoh">Yokoh (Solar-A)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1991–2001)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hibernating <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Mission completed)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Submillimeter_Wave_Astronomy_Satellite" title="Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite">SWAS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1998–2005)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRACE" title="TRACE">TRACE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1998–2010)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lost/Failed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Astronomical_Observatory#OAO-1" title="Orbiting Astronomical Observatory">OAO-1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1966)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Astronomical_Observatory#OAO-B" title="Orbiting Astronomical Observatory">OAO-B</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1970)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Radiation_Satellite" title="Cosmic Radiation Satellite">CORSA</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1976)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXBN" title="CXBN">CXBN</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2012–2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Solar_Observatory" title="Orbiting Solar Observatory">OSO C</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1965)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABRIXAS" title="ABRIXAS">ABRIXAS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1999)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Energy_Transient_Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="High Energy Transient Explorer">HETE-1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1996)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide_Field_Infrared_Explorer" title="Wide Field Infrared Explorer">WIRE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1999)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzaku_(satellite)#ASTRO-E" title="Suzaku (satellite)">Astro-E</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2000)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TSUBAME_(satellite)" title="TSUBAME (satellite)">Tsubame</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2014–2015)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitomi_(satellite)" title="Hitomi (satellite)">Hitomi (Astro-H)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2016)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cancelled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aelita_(spacecraft)" title="Aelita (spacecraft)">Aelita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AOSO" class="mw-redirect" title="AOSO">AOSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astro-G" title="Astro-G">Astro-G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constellation-X_Observatory" title="Constellation-X Observatory">Constellation-X</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Darwin_(spacecraft)" title="Darwin (spacecraft)">Darwin</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Energy_Space_Telescope" class="mw-redirect" title="Dark Energy Space Telescope">Destiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EChO" title="EChO">EChO</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eddington_(spacecraft)" title="Eddington (spacecraft)">Eddington</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full-sky_Astrometric_Mapping_Explorer" title="Full-sky Astrometric Mapping Explorer">FAME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_Infrared_Exoplanet_Spectroscopy_Survey_Explorer" title="Fast Infrared Exoplanet Spectroscopy Survey Explorer">FINESSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity_and_Extreme_Magnetism" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravity and Extreme Magnetism">GEMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubble_Origins_Probe" title="Hubble Origins Probe">HOP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_X-ray_Observatory" title="International X-ray Observatory">IXO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Dark_Energy_Mission" title="Joint Dark Energy Mission">JDEM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LOFT" title="LOFT">LOFT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_J" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO J">OSO J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_K" class="mw-redirect" title="OSO K">OSO K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentinel_Space_Telescope" title="Sentinel Space Telescope">Sentinel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Interferometry_Mission" title="Space Interferometry Mission">SIM & SIMlite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernova/Acceleration_Probe" class="mw-redirect" title="Supernova/Acceleration Probe">SNAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPICA_(spacecraft)" title="SPICA (spacecraft)">SPICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Polarization_Observatory" title="Sky Polarization Observatory">SPOrt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TAUVEX" title="TAUVEX">TAUVEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_Planet_Finder" title="Terrestrial Planet Finder">TPF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XEUS" title="XEUS">XEUS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=XIPE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XIPE (page does not exist)">XIPE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Observatories_program" title="Great Observatories program">Great Observatories program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_space_telescopes" title="List of space telescopes">List of space telescopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_proposed_space_telescopes" title="List of proposed space telescopes">List of proposed space telescopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-ray_telescope" title="X-ray telescope">X-ray telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heliophysics_missions" title="List of heliophysics missions">List of heliophysics missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_planetariums" title="List of planetariums">List of planetariums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Space_telescopes" title="Category:Space telescopes">Category:Space telescopes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Japanese_space_program" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Japanese_space_program" title="Template:Japanese space program"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Japanese_space_program" title="Template talk:Japanese space program"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese_space_program" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese space program"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Japanese_space_program" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_space_program" title="Japanese space program">Japanese space program</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicates projects in development.</li> <li>Symbol <sup>†</sup> indicates failed projects.</li> <li><s>Strikethrough lines</s> indicate cancelled projects.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Space_agencies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Space_agencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Space agencies">Space agencies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National space agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JAXA" title="JAXA">JAXA</a> <ul><li>former <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Space_and_Astronautical_Science" title="Institute of Space and Astronautical Science">ISAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Aerospace_Laboratory_of_Japan" title="National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan">NAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Space_Development_Agency_of_Japan" title="National Space Development Agency of Japan">NASDA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Information_and_Communications_Technology" title="National Institute of Information and Communications Technology">NICT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Space_Systems" title="Japan Space Systems">JSS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Joint development partners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Space_Agency_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/European_Space_Agency_logo.svg/30px-European_Space_Agency_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/European_Space_Agency_logo.svg/45px-European_Space_Agency_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/European_Space_Agency_logo.svg/60px-European_Space_Agency_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">ESA</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/15px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span>Italy <a href="/wiki/Italian_Space_Agency" title="Italian Space Agency">ASI</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Canada <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Space_Agency" title="Canadian Space Agency">CSA</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Russia <a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/15px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/30px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span>Brazil <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Space_Agency" title="Brazilian Space Agency">AEB</a><sup><small>6</small></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Space_Research" title="National Institute for Space Research">INPE</a><sup><small>7</small></sup></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/15px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/30px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>India <a href="/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Space Research Organisation">ISRO</a><sup><small>8</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Astronomical_observation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_observation" class="mw-redirect" title="Astronomical observation">Astronomical observation</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akari_(satellite)" title="Akari (satellite)">Akari</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ASCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASTRO-E" class="mw-redirect" title="ASTRO-E">ASTRO-E</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/Astro-G" title="Astro-G">Astro-G</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Radiation_Satellite" title="Cosmic Radiation Satellite">CORSA</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginga_(satellite)" title="Ginga (satellite)">Ginga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakucho" title="Hakucho">Hakucho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HALCA" title="HALCA">HALCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinotori_(satellite)" title="Hinotori (satellite)">Hinotori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitomi_(satellite)" title="Hitomi (satellite)">Hitomi</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/SPICA_(spacecraft)" title="SPICA (spacecraft)">SPICA</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzaku_(satellite)" title="Suzaku (satellite)">Suzaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenma" title="Tenma">Tenma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yohkoh" title="Yohkoh">Yohkoh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinode_(satellite)" title="Hinode (satellite)">Hinode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hisaki_(satellite)" title="Hisaki (satellite)">Hisaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Ray_Imaging_and_Spectroscopy_Mission" title="X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission">XRISM</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Telescope_for_High_Energy_Astrophysics" title="Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics">ATHENA</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOLAR-C" title="SOLAR-C">SOLAR-C</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GREX-PLUS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GREX-PLUS (page does not exist)">GREX-PLUS</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/GREX-PLUS" class="extiw" title="ja:GREX-PLUS">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HiZ-GUNDAM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HiZ-GUNDAM (page does not exist)">HiZ-GUNDAM</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/HiZ-GUNDAM" class="extiw" title="ja:HiZ-GUNDAM">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LAPYUTA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LAPYUTA (page does not exist)">LAPYUTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LiteBIRD" title="LiteBIRD">LiteBIRD</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Grace_Roman_Space_Telescope" title="Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope">Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope</a></i><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nano-JASMINE" title="Nano-JASMINE">JASMINE</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Communications_satellites,_broadcasting_satellites_and_satellite_navigation_systems" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">Communications satellites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_Satellite_(Japanese)" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadcasting Satellite (Japanese)">broadcasting satellites</a> and <a href="/wiki/Satellite_navigation" title="Satellite navigation">satellite navigation</a> systems</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>BS <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BS-2X" class="mw-redirect" title="BS-2X">2X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BS-3H" class="mw-redirect" title="BS-3H">3H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BS-3N" class="mw-redirect" title="BS-3N">3N</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=COMETS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="COMETS (page does not exist)">Kakehashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OICETS" title="OICETS">Kirari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WINDS" title="WINDS">Kizuna</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kodama_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kodama (satellite) (page does not exist)">Kodama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MBSat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MBSat (page does not exist)">MBSat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-STAR" class="mw-redirect" title="N-STAR">N-STAR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N-STAR_a" title="N-STAR a">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-STAR_b" title="N-STAR b">b</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sakura (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakura_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sakura (satellite) (page does not exist)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CS-2a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CS-2a (page does not exist)">2a</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CS-2b&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CS-2b (page does not exist)">2b</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CS-3a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CS-3a (page does not exist)">3a</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CS-3b&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CS-3b (page does not exist)">3b</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_(satellite)" title="Yuri (satellite)">Yuri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_(satellite)" title="Yuri (satellite)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BS-2a" class="mw-redirect" title="BS-2a">2a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BS-2b" class="mw-redirect" title="BS-2b">2b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BS-3a" class="mw-redirect" title="BS-3a">3a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BS-3b" class="mw-redirect" title="BS-3b">3b</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DSN_Corporation" title="DSN Corporation">Kirameki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superbird-B3" title="Superbird-B3">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DSN-2" title="DSN-2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quasi-Zenith_Satellite_System" title="Quasi-Zenith Satellite System">Michibiki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/QZS-1" class="mw-redirect" title="QZS-1">1</a></li> <li>2</li> <li>3</li> <li>4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/QZS-1R" title="QZS-1R">1R</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-Functional_Transport_Satellite" title="Multi-Functional Transport Satellite">MTSAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-STAR" class="mw-redirect" title="N-STAR">N-STAR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N-STAR_c" title="N-STAR c">c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JCSAT-5A" title="JCSAT-5A">d</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JDRS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JDRS (page does not exist)">JDRS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DSN_Corporation" title="DSN Corporation">DSN</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DSN-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DSN-3 (page does not exist)">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quasi-Zenith_Satellite_System" title="Quasi-Zenith Satellite System">QZS</a> <ul><li>5</li> <li>6</li> <li>7</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Earth_observation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Earth_observation" title="Earth observation">Earth observation</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akebono_(satellite)" title="Akebono (satellite)">Akebono</a></li> <li>Daichi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Land_Observing_Satellite" title="Advanced Land Observing Satellite">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALOS-3" title="ALOS-3">3</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denpa_(satellite)" title="Denpa (satellite)">Denpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JERS-1" title="JERS-1">Fuyo-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jikiken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jikiken (page does not exist)">Jikiken</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyokko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyokko (page does not exist)">Kyokko</a></li> <li>Midori <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADEOS_I" title="ADEOS I">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADEOS_II" title="ADEOS II">II</a></li></ul></li> <li>Momo <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MOS-1_(satellite)" title="MOS-1 (satellite)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MOS-1b_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MOS-1b (satellite) (page does not exist)">1b</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ohozora_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ohozora (satellite) (page does not exist)">Ohozora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SRATS" class="mw-redirect" title="SRATS">Taiyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Rainfall_Measuring_Mission" title="Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission">TRMM</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li>Ume <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ionosphere_Sounding_Satellite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ionosphere Sounding Satellite (page does not exist)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISS-b&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISS-b (page does not exist)">b</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geotail" title="Geotail">Geotail</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aqua_(satellite)" title="Aqua (satellite)">Aqua</a><sup><small>1,7</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arase_(satellite)" title="Arase (satellite)">Arase</a></li> <li>ASNARO <ul><li>1</li> <li>2</li></ul></li> <li>Daichi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ALOS-2" title="ALOS-2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALOS-4" title="ALOS-4">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EarthCARE" title="EarthCARE">EarthCARE</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Precipitation_Measurement" title="Global Precipitation Measurement">GPM</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himawari_(satellites)" title="Himawari (satellites)">Himawari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_Gases_Observing_Satellite" title="Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite">Ibuki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_Gases_Observing_Satellite" title="Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite">original</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_Gases_Observing_Satellite-2" title="Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite-2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GCOM-C" class="mw-redirect" title="GCOM-C">Shikisai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GCOM-W" class="mw-redirect" title="GCOM-W">Shizuku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GOSAT-GW" class="mw-redirect" title="GOSAT-GW">GOSAT-GW</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Precipitation_Measuring_Mission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Precipitation Measuring Mission (page does not exist)">PMM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Engineering_tests" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Engineering tests</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ayame <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Experimental_Communications_Satellite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Experimental Communications Satellite (page does not exist)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ECS-b&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ECS-b (page does not exist)">2</a></li></ul></li> <li>DASH</li> <li>EXPRESS</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IKAROS" title="IKAROS">IKAROS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MABES" title="MABES">Jindai</a></li> <li>Kiku <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETS-I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETS-I (page does not exist)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETS-II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETS-II (page does not exist)">2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETS-III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETS-III (page does not exist)">3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETS-IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETS-IV (page does not exist)">4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETS-V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETS-V (page does not exist)">5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETS-VI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETS-VI (page does not exist)">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETS-VII" title="ETS-VII">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETS-VIII" title="ETS-VIII">8</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LDREX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LDREX (page does not exist)">LDREX</a> <ul><li>1</li> <li>2</li></ul></li> <li>LRE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Micro_LabSat-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Micro LabSat-1 (page does not exist)">Micro LabSat-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle_Evaluation_Payload&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vehicle Evaluation Payload (page does not exist)">Myojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohsumi_(satellite)" title="Ohsumi (satellite)">Ohsumi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DEBUT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DEBUT (page does not exist)">Orizuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innovative_Satellite_Technology_Demonstration_Program" title="Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration Program">RAISE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RAISE-2" title="RAISE-2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAISE-3" title="RAISE-3">3</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul></li> <li><s><a href="/w/index.php?title=PETSAT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PETSAT (page does not exist)">PETSAT</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAPIS-1" title="RAPIS-1">RAPIS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OREX" title="OREX">Ryusei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SERVIS-1" title="SERVIS-1">SERVIS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SERVIS-2" title="SERVIS-2">SERVIS-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDS-1" title="SDS-1">SDS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Flyer_Unit" title="Space Flyer Unit">SFU</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MS-F2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MS-F2 (page does not exist)">Shinsei</a></li> <li><s><a href="/w/index.php?title=SmartSat-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SmartSat-1 (page does not exist)">SmartSat-1</a></s></li> <li>Tansei <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tansei" title="Tansei">1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MS-T2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MS-T2 (page does not exist)">2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MS-T3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MS-T3 (page does not exist)">3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MS-T4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MS-T4 (page does not exist)">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRICOM-1R" title="TRICOM-1R">Tasuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Low_Altitude_Test_Satellite" title="Super Low Altitude Test Satellite">Tsubame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDS-1" title="MDS-1">Tsubasa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unmanned_Space_Experiment_Recovery_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unmanned Space Experiment Recovery System (page does not exist)">USERS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajisai" title="Ajisai">Ajisai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reimei" title="Reimei">Reimei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDS-4" title="SDS-4">SDS-4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BEAK_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BEAK (satellite) (page does not exist)">BEAK</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETS-IX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETS-IX (page does not exist)">ETS-IX</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G-SATELLITE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G-SATELLITE (page does not exist)">G-SATELLITE</a></li> <li>SERVIS-3</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Human_spaceflight" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">Human spaceflight</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><s><a href="/wiki/Fuji_(spacecraft)" title="Fuji (spacecraft)">Fuji crewed spacecraft</a></s></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/HOPE-X" title="HOPE-X">HOPE-X</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-II_Transfer_Vehicle" title="H-II Transfer Vehicle">H-II Transfer Vehicle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station (ISS)</a> & <a href="/wiki/Kib%C5%8D_(ISS_module)" title="Kibō (ISS module)">Japanese Experiment Module (Kibō)</a><sup><small>1,2,3,4,5,6</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTV-X" title="HTV-X">HTV-X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Space_Station_Module_(Mitsui)" title="Japanese Space Station Module (Mitsui)">Japanese Space Station Module (Mitsui)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a><sup><small>1,2,4</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Space_probes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Space_probes" class="mw-redirect" title="Space probes">Space probes</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Japanese Lunar Exploration Program">The Moon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_1" title="Hakuto-R Mission 1">Hakuto-R Mission 1</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiten_(spacecraft)" title="Hiten (spacecraft)">Hiten</a></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/Lunar-A" title="Lunar-A">Lunar-A</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SELENE" title="SELENE">Kaguya (SELENE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMOTENASHI" title="OMOTENASHI">OMOTENASHI</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/SELENE-2" title="SELENE-2">SELENE-2</a></s></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EQUULEUS" title="EQUULEUS">EQUULEUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">Smart Lander for Investigating Moon</a> (SLIM)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_2" title="Hakuto-R Mission 2">Hakuto-R Mission 2</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HERACLES_(spacecraft)" title="HERACLES (spacecraft)">HERACLES</a><sup><small>2,4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Cruiser" title="Lunar Cruiser">Lunar Cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Polar_Exploration_Mission" title="Lunar Polar Exploration Mission">Lunar Polar Exploration Mission</a><sup><small>8</small></sup> (LUPEX)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yaoki" title="Yaoki">Yaoki</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa" title="Hayabusa">Hayabusa</a></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa_Mk2" title="Hayabusa Mk2">Hayabusa Mk2</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nozomi_(spacecraft)" title="Nozomi (spacecraft)">Nozomi</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROCYON" title="PROCYON">PROCYON</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakigake" title="Sakigake">Sakigake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin%27en_(spacecraft)" title="Shin'en (spacecraft)">Shin'en</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suisei_(spacecraft)" title="Suisei (spacecraft)">Suisei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akatsuki_(spacecraft)" title="Akatsuki (spacecraft)">Akatsuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BepiColombo" title="BepiColombo">BepiColombo (MMO/Mio)</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2" title="Hayabusa2">Hayabusa2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Icy_Moons_Explorer" title="Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer">Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hera_(space_mission)" title="Hera (space mission)">Hera</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Interceptor" title="Comet Interceptor">Comet Interceptor</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/DESTINY%2B" title="DESTINY+">DESTINY+</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dragonfly_(Titan_space_probe)" title="Dragonfly (Titan space probe)">Dragonfly</a></i><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MELOS" title="MELOS">MELOS</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Martian_Moons_eXploration" title="Martian Moons eXploration">Martian Moons eXploration</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Next_Generation_Small-Body_Sample_Return&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Next Generation Small-Body Sample Return (page does not exist)">Next Generation Small-Body Sample Return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tera-hertz_Explorer" title="Tera-hertz Explorer">TEREX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Reconnaissance_satellites" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance_satellite" title="Reconnaissance satellite">Reconnaissance satellites</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Information_Gathering_Satellite" title="Information Gathering Satellite">IGS</a>-Optical <ul><li>1</li> <li>2</li> <li>Experimentally 3</li></ul></li> <li>IGS-Radar <ul><li>1</li> <li>2</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>IGS-Optical <ul><li>3</li> <li>4</li> <li>5</li> <li>6</li> <li>Experimentally 5</li></ul></li> <li>IGS-Radar <ul><li>3</li> <li>4</li> <li>Spare</li> <li>5</li> <li>6</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>IGS-Optical</i> <ul><li><i>7</i></li> <li><i>8</i></li></ul></li> <li><i>IGS-Radar</i> <ul><li><i>7</i></li> <li>8</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncolapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Private_small_satellites" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Private <a href="/wiki/Small_satellite" title="Small satellite">small satellites</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OPUSAT" title="OPUSAT">CosMoz</a></li> <li>CUTE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CUTE-1.7" class="mw-redirect" title="CUTE-1.7">1.7+APD</a></li></ul></li> <li>Fuji <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuji-OSCAR_12&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuji-OSCAR 12 (page does not exist)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuji-OSCAR_20&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuji-OSCAR 20 (page does not exist)">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayato_(satellite)" title="Hayato (satellite)">Hayato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIBARI_(satellite)" title="HIBARI (satellite)">HIBARI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HITSat-OSCAR_59&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HITSat-OSCAR 59 (page does not exist)">HIT-SAT</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SORUNSAT-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SORUNSAT-1 (page does not exist)">Kagayaki</a></li> <li>Kanta-kun (WEOS)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=STARS_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="STARS (satellite) (page does not exist)">Kūkai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sohla" title="Sohla">Maido-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negai_(satellite)" title="Negai (satellite)">Negai☆″</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niwaka" title="Niwaka">Niwaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAIKO_(satellite)" title="RAIKO (satellite)">RAIKO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waseda-SAT2" title="Waseda-SAT2">Waseda-SAT2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WE_WISH" title="WE WISH">WE WISH</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>CUTE <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CUTE-I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CUTE-I (page does not exist)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUTE-1.7_%2B_APD" title="CUTE-1.7 + APD">1.7+APDII</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuji-OSCAR_29&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuji-OSCAR 29 (page does not exist)">Fuji-3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PRISM_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PRISM (satellite) (page does not exist)">Hitomi</a></li> <li>Hodoyoshi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hodoyoshi_1" title="Hodoyoshi 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RISESAT" class="mw-redirect" title="RISESAT">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hodoyoshi_3" title="Hodoyoshi 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hodoyoshi_4" title="Hodoyoshi 4">4</a></li></ul></li> <li>Horyu <ul><li>2</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KKS-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KKS-1 (page does not exist)">Kiseki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROITERES" title="PROITERES">PROITERES</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SPRITE-SAT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SPRITE-SAT (page does not exist)">Raijin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raijin-2" title="Raijin-2">Raijin-2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SEEDS_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SEEDS (satellite) (page does not exist)">SEEDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOCRATES_(satellite)" title="SOCRATES (satellite)">SOCRATES</a></li> <li>XI <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=XI-IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XI-IV (page does not exist)">IV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=XI-V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XI-V (page does not exist)">V</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/DRUMS" title="DRUMS">DRUMS</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/KITSUNE" title="KITSUNE">KITSUNE</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/OPUSAT-II" title="OPUSAT-II">OPUSAT-II</a></i></li> <li><i>QSAT-EOS</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/RSP-01" title="RSP-01">RSP-01</a></i></li> <li><i>SOMESAT</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SpaceTuna1" title="SpaceTuna1">SpaceTuna1</a></i></li> <li><i>SPROUT</i></li> <li><i>TSUBAME</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wisseed_Sat" title="Wisseed Sat">Wisseed Sat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=WNI_satellite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WNI satellite (page does not exist)">WNI satellite</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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