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ਜੇਮਜ਼ ਵਾਟ - ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ, ਇਕ ਅਜ਼ਾਦ ਵਿਸ਼ਵਗਿਆਨਕੋਸ਼
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cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ ਖੋਜੋ" aria-label="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ ਖੋਜੋ" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ ਖੋਜੋ [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਖੋਜੋ"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ਖੋਜੋ</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੰਦ"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ਦਿੱਖ"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦੇ ਫੋਂਟ ਦਾ ਆਕਾਰ, ਚੌਡ਼ਾਈ ਅਤੇ ਰੰਗ ਦੀ ਦਿੱਖ ਨੂੰ ਬਦਲੋ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਦਿੱਖ" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਦਿੱਖ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=pa.wikipedia.org&uselang=pa" class=""><span>ਦਾਨ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93&returnto=%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9F" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਸਲਾਹ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ; ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਇਹ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ" class=""><span>ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਓ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A8&returnto=%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9F" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਣ ਲਈ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ; ਪਰ ਇਹ ਕੋਈ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਵੋ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ਹੋਰ ਚੋਣਾਂ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੰਦ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੰਦ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=pa.wikipedia.org&uselang=pa"><span>ਦਾਨ</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93&returnto=%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9F" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਸਲਾਹ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ; ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਇਹ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਓ</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A8&returnto=%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9F" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਣ ਲਈ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ; ਪਰ ਇਹ ਕੋਈ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਵੋ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ਬਾਹਰ ਹੋਏ ਸੰਪਾਦਕਾਂ ਲਈ ਸਫ਼ੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3-%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%9B%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3" aria-label="ਸੰਪਾਦਨ ਬਾਰੇ ਹੋਰ ਜਾਣੋ"><span>ਹੋਰ ਜਾਣੋ</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ਯੋਗਦਾਨ</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE" title="ਇਸ IP ਪਤੇ ਤੋਂ ਹੋਈਆਂ ਸੋਧਾਂ ਬਾਰੇ ਗੱਲਬਾਤ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ਗੱਲ-ਬਾਤ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ਸਾਈਟ"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ਸਮੱਗਰੀ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ਸਾਈਡਬਾਰ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ਲੁਕਾਓ</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">ਸ਼ੁਰੂਆਤ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ਜ਼ਿੰਦਗੀ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਜ਼ਿੰਦਗੀ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>ਜ਼ਿੰਦਗੀ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਜ਼ਿੰਦਗੀ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਭਾਫ਼_ਨਾਲ_ਤਜੁਰਬੇ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਭਾਫ਼_ਨਾਲ_ਤਜੁਰਬੇ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>ਭਾਫ਼ ਨਾਲ ਤਜੁਰਬੇ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਭਾਫ਼_ਨਾਲ_ਤਜੁਰਬੇ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਹਵਾਲੇ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਹਵਾਲੇ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>ਹਵਾਲੇ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਹਵਾਲੇ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਦੀ ਸਾਰਣੀ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਦੀ ਸਾਰਣੀ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ਜੇਮਜ਼ ਵਾਟ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ਕਿਸੇ ਹੋਰ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਲੇਖ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ। 139 ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਉਪਲਬਧ ਹੈ" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-139" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">139 ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਅਫ਼ਰੀਕੀ" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="ਅਫ਼ਰੀਕੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਜਰਮਨ (ਸਵਿਸ)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="ਜਰਮਨ (ਸਵਿਸ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%84%E1%88%9D%E1%88%B5_%E1%8B%8B%E1%89%B5" title="ጄምስ ዋት – ਅਮਹਾਰਿਕ" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጄምስ ዋት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="ਅਮਹਾਰਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਅਰਾਗੋਨੀ" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਾਗੋਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemis_Watt" title="Jemis Watt – ਓਬੋਲੋ" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Jemis Watt" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="ਓਬੋਲੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B7" title="جيمس واط – ਅਰਬੀ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جيمس واط" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਬੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="جيمس وات – ਅਰਬੀ (ਮਿਸਰੀ)" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جيمس وات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਬੀ (ਮਿਸਰੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E2%80%99%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D_%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F" title="জে’মচ্ ৱাট – ਅਸਾਮੀ" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জে’মচ্ ৱাট" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ਅਸਾਮੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਅਸਤੂਰੀ" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="ਅਸਤੂਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceyms_Vatt" title="Ceyms Vatt – ਅਜ਼ਰਬਾਈਜਾਨੀ" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ceyms Vatt" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ਅਜ਼ਰਬਾਈਜਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="جئیمز وات – ਦੱਖਣੀ ਅਜ਼ੇਰੀ" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جئیمز وات" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="ਦੱਖਣੀ ਅਜ਼ੇਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="ਚੰਗੇ ਲੇਖ"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%A3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82" title="Джеймс Уатт – ਬਸ਼ਕੀਰ" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Джеймс Уатт" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="ਬਸ਼ਕੀਰ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਬਾਲੀਨੀਜ਼" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="ਬਾਲੀਨੀਜ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEeimsos_Vats" title="Džeimsos Vats – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Džeimsos Vats" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Джэймс Ват – ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Джэймс Ват" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B7_%D0%8E%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Джэймз Ўат – ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ (ਰਵਾਇਤੀ)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Джэймз Ўат" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ (ਰਵਾਇਤੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%A3%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Джеймс Уат – ਬੁਲਗਾਰੀਆਈ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джеймс Уат" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ਬੁਲਗਾਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F" title="জেমস ওয়াট – ਬੰਗਾਲੀ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জেমস ওয়াট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ਬੰਗਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਬਰੇਟਨ" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ਬਰੇਟਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਬੋਸਨੀਆਈ" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="ਬੋਸਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%A3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82" title="Джеймс Уатт – ਰੂਸ ਬੁਰਿਆਤ" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Джеймс Уатт" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="ਰੂਸ ਬੁਰਿਆਤ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਕੈਟਾਲਾਨ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="ਕੈਟਾਲਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Уатт, Джеймс – ਚੇਚਨ" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Уатт, Джеймс" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="ਚੇਚਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%95%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="جەیمز وات – ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جەیمز وات" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਚੈੱਕ" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ਚੈੱਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Уатт Джеймс – ਚੁਵਾਸ਼" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Уатт Джеймс" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ਚੁਵਾਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਵੈਲਸ਼" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ਵੈਲਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਡੈਨਿਸ਼" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ਡੈਨਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਜਰਮਨ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ਜਰਮਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%AD%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%82_%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%84" title="Τζέιμς Βατ – ਯੂਨਾਨੀ" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζέιμς Βατ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ਯੂਨਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਇਸਪੇਰਾਂਟੋ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ਇਸਪੇਰਾਂਟੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਸਪੇਨੀ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ਸਪੇਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਇਸਟੋਨੀਆਈ" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="ਇਸਟੋਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਬਾਸਕ" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ਬਾਸਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="جیمز وات – ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جیمز وات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਫਿਨਿਸ਼" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ਫਿਨਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਫਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ਫਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਅਰਪਿਟਨ" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਪਿਟਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਉੱਤਰੀ ਫਰਿਸੀਅਨ" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="ਉੱਤਰੀ ਫਰਿਸੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਪੱਛਮੀ ਫ੍ਰਿਸੀਅਨ" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="ਪੱਛਮੀ ਫ੍ਰਿਸੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਆਇਰਸ਼" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ਆਇਰਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਸਕਾਟਿਸ਼ ਗੇਲਿਕ" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="ਸਕਾਟਿਸ਼ ਗੇਲਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਗੈਲਿਸ਼ਿਅਨ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ਗੈਲਿਸ਼ਿਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਗੁਆਰਾਨੀ" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="ਗੁਆਰਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A1_%D7%95%D7%90%D7%98" title="ג'יימס ואט – ਹਿਬਰੂ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'יימס ואט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ਹਿਬਰੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F" title="जेम्स वाट – ਹਿੰਦੀ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जेम्स वाट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ਹਿੰਦੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਫਿਜੀ ਹਿੰਦੀ" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="ਫਿਜੀ ਹਿੰਦੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਸਰਬੋ-ਕ੍ਰੋਏਸ਼ੀਅਨ" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ਸਰਬੋ-ਕ੍ਰੋਏਸ਼ੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਹੈਤੀਆਈ" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="ਹੈਤੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਹੰਗਰੀਆਈ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ਹੰਗਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%B4%D5%BD_%D5%88%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%BF" title="Ջեյմս Ուատտ – ਅਰਮੀਨੀਆਈ" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջեյմս Ուատտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਮੀਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਇੰਟਰਲਿੰਗੁਆ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="ਇੰਟਰਲਿੰਗੁਆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਇੰਡੋਨੇਸ਼ੀਆਈ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ਇੰਡੋਨੇਸ਼ੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਇੰਟਰਲਿੰਗੂਆ" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="ਇੰਟਰਲਿੰਗੂਆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਇਲੋਕਾਨੋ" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ਇਲੋਕਾਨੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਇਡੂ" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ਇਡੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਆਈਸਲੈਂਡਿਕ" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ਆਈਸਲੈਂਡਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਇਤਾਲਵੀ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ਇਤਾਲਵੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="ਚੰਗੇ ਲੇਖ"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%82%BA%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AF%E3%83%83%E3%83%88" title="ジェームズ・ワット – ਜਪਾਨੀ" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジェームズ・ワット" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ਜਪਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਜਾਵਾਨੀਜ਼" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ਜਾਵਾਨੀਜ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%96_%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ჯეიმზ ვატი – ਜਾਰਜੀਆਈ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯეიმზ ვატი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ਜਾਰਜੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਕਰਾਕਲਪਾਕ" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="ਕਰਾਕਲਪਾਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਕਾਬੀਏ" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="ਕਾਬੀਏ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%A3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82" title="Джеймс Уатт – ਕਜ਼ਾਖ਼" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Джеймс Уатт" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="ਕਜ਼ਾਖ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D" title="ಜೇಮ್ಸ್ ವ್ಯಾಟ್ – ਕੰਨੜ" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೇಮ್ಸ್ ವ್ಯಾಟ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="ਕੰਨੜ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EC%9E%84%EC%8A%A4_%EC%99%80%ED%8A%B8" title="제임스 와트 – ਕੋਰੀਆਈ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제임스 와트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="ਕੋਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਕੋਰਨਿਸ਼" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="ਕੋਰਨਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iacobus_Watt" title="Iacobus Watt – ਲਾਤੀਨੀ" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iacobus Watt" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ਲਾਤੀਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਲਕਜ਼ਮਬਰਗਿਸ਼" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="ਲਕਜ਼ਮਬਰਗਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਲਿਮਬੁਰਗੀ" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="ਲਿਮਬੁਰਗੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਇਟਾਲੀਅਨ" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="ਇਟਾਲੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਲਿਥੁਆਨੀਅਨ" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ਲਿਥੁਆਨੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEeimss_Vats" title="Džeimss Vats – ਲਾਤੀਵੀ" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Džeimss Vats" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ਲਾਤੀਵੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F" title="जेम्स वाट – ਮੈਥਲੀ" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="जेम्स वाट" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="ਮੈਥਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਮਾਲਾਗੈਸੀ" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="ਮਾਲਾਗੈਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Џејмс Ват – ਮੈਕਡੋਨੀਆਈ" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Џејмс Ват" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="ਮੈਕਡੋਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D" title="ജെയിംസ് വാട്ട് – ਮਲਿਆਲਮ" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജെയിംസ് വാട്ട്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="ਮਲਿਆਲਮ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82" title="Жэймс Ватт – ਮੰਗੋਲੀ" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Жэймс Ватт" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="ਮੰਗੋਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%9F" title="जेम्स वॅट – ਮਰਾਠੀ" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जेम्स वॅट" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="ਮਰਾਠੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਮਲਯ" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ਮਲਯ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%9D%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA" title="ဂျိမ်းစ် ဝပ် – ਬਰਮੀ" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျိမ်းစ် ဝပ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="ਬਰਮੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਲੋ ਜਰਮਨ" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="ਲੋ ਜਰਮਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਲੋ ਸੈਕਸਨ" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="ਲੋ ਸੈਕਸਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F" title="जेम्स वाट – ਨੇਪਾਲੀ" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जेम्स वाट" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="ਨੇਪਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਡੱਚ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ਡੱਚ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਨਿਓਨੌਰਸਕ" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਨਿਓਨੌਰਸਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="ਚੰਗੇ ਲੇਖ"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਬੋਕਮਲ" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਬੋਕਮਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਓਕਸੀਟਾਨ" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ਓਕਸੀਟਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%AC%B8_%E0%AD%B1%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9F" title="ଜେମ୍ସ ୱାଟ – ਉੜੀਆ" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଜେମ୍ସ ୱାଟ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="ਉੜੀਆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਪੋਲੈਂਡੀ" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ਪੋਲੈਂਡੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਪੀਦਮੋਨਟੀਸ" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="ਪੀਦਮੋਨਟੀਸ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%B9" title="جیمز واٹ – ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ)" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جیمز واٹ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%90%D9%85%D8%B2_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%BC" title="جېمز واټ – ਪਸ਼ਤੋ" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جېمز واټ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="ਪਸ਼ਤੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲੀ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਕਕੇਸ਼ੁਆ" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ਕਕੇਸ਼ੁਆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਰੋਮਾਨੀਆਈ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ਰੋਮਾਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Уатт, Джеймс – ਰੂਸੀ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Уатт, Джеймс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ਰੂਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82" title="Джеймс Ватт – ਰੁਸਿਨ" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Джеймс Ватт" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ਰੁਸਿਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A5_%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B4" title="ᱡᱮᱢᱥ ᱣᱟᱴ – ਸੰਥਾਲੀ" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱮᱢᱥ ᱣᱟᱴ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="ਸੰਥਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਸਕਾਟਸ" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="ਸਕਾਟਸ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਸਲੋਵਾਕ" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="ਸਲੋਵਾਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਸਲੋਵੇਨੀਆਈ" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="ਸਲੋਵੇਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhejms_Watt" title="Xhejms Watt – ਅਲਬਾਨੀਆਈ" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Xhejms Watt" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="ਅਲਬਾਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Џејмс Ват – ਸਰਬੀਆਈ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џејмс Ват" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="ਸਰਬੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਸੂੰਡਾਨੀ" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="ਸੂੰਡਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਸਵੀਡਿਸ਼" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ਸਵੀਡਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਸਵਾਹਿਲੀ" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="ਸਵਾਹਿਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canmuse.wate" title="Canmuse.wate – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Canmuse.wate" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D" title="ஜேம்ஸ் வாட் – ਤਮਿਲ" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜேம்ஸ் வாட்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ਤਮਿਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D" title="జేమ్స్ వాట్ – ਤੇਲਗੂ" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జేమ్స్ వాట్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="ਤੇਲਗੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="เจมส์ วัตต์ – ਥਾਈ" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เจมส์ วัตต์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ਥਾਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uatt_%C5%BDe%C3%BDms" title="Uatt Žeýms – ਤੁਰਕਮੇਨ" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Uatt Žeýms" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="ਤੁਰਕਮੇਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਤਗਾਲੋਗ" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="ਤਗਾਲੋਗ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਤੁਰਕੀ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ਤੁਰਕੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceyms_Watt" title="Ceyms Watt – ਟਾਟਾਰ (ਸਿਰਿਲਿਕ ਲਿਪੀ)" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ceyms Watt" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="ਟਾਟਾਰ (ਸਿਰਿਲਿਕ ਲਿਪੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Уатт, Джеймс – ਤੁਵੀਨੀਅਨ" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Уатт, Джеймс" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="ਤੁਵੀਨੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82" title="Джеймс Ватт – ਯੂਕਰੇਨੀਆਈ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джеймс Ватт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ਯੂਕਰੇਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%B9" title="جیمز واٹ – ਉਰਦੂ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جیمز واٹ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ਉਰਦੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਉਜ਼ਬੇਕ" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ਉਜ਼ਬੇਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uatt_D%C5%BEeims" title="Uatt Džeims – ਵੇਪਸ" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Uatt Džeims" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="ਵੇਪਸ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਵੀਅਤਨਾਮੀ" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ਵੀਅਤਨਾਮੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਪੱਛਮੀ ਫਲੇਮਿਸ਼" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="ਪੱਛਮੀ ਫਲੇਮਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਵੋਲਾਪੂਕ" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="ਵੋਲਾਪੂਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਵੈਰੇ" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="ਵੈਰੇ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E7%89%B9" title="詹姆斯·瓦特 – ਚੀਨੀ ਵੂ" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="詹姆斯·瓦特" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ ਵੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%96_%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ჯეიმზ ვატი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჯეიმზ ვატი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A1_%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%98" title="זשיימס וואט – ਯਿਦਿਸ਼" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="זשיימס וואט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ਯਿਦਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਯੋਰੂਬਾ" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ਯੋਰੂਬਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਜ਼ੁਆਂਗ" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="ਜ਼ੁਆਂਗ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E7%89%B9" title="詹姆斯·瓦特 – ਚੀਨੀ" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="詹姆斯·瓦特" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E7%89%B9" title="瓦特 – ਚੀਨੀ (ਰਵਾਇਤੀ)" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="瓦特" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ (ਰਵਾਇਤੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt – ਚੀਨੀ ਮਿਨ ਨਾਨ" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="James Watt" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ ਮਿਨ ਨਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E7%89%B9" title="瓦特 – ਕੈਂਟੋਨੀਜ਼" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="瓦特" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="ਕੈਂਟੋਨੀਜ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9041#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r775098">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn">ਜੇਮਸ ਵਾਟ</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:Watt_James_von_Breda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Watt_James_von_Breda.jpg/220px-Watt_James_von_Breda.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Watt_James_von_Breda.jpg/330px-Watt_James_von_Breda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Watt_James_von_Breda.jpg/440px-Watt_James_von_Breda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3011" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">ਜੇਮਸ ਵਾਟ ਪੋਰਟਰੇਟ (1736–1819)<br />by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Frederik_von_Breda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Frederik von Breda (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Carl Frederik von Breda</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ਜਨਮ</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1736-01-19</span>)</span>19 ਜਨਵਰੀ 1736<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਗਰੀਨਓਕ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਗਰੀਨਓਕ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Renfrewshire_(historic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Renfrewshire (historic) (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Renfrewshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1" title="ਸਕਾਟਲੈਂਡ">ਸਕਾਟਲੈਂਡ</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ਮੌਤ</th><td class="infobox-data">25 ਅਗਸਤ 1819<span style="display:none">(1819-08-25)</span> (ਉਮਰ 83)<sup id="cite_ref-deathdate_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deathdate-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Handsworth,_West_Midlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Handsworth, West Midlands (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Handsworth</a>, ਬਰਮਿੰਘਮ, ਇੰਗਲੈਂਡ</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰੀਅਤਾ</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਸਕੌਟਿਸ਼ ਲੋਕ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਸਕੌਟਿਸ਼</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ਲਈ ਪ੍ਰਸਿੱਧ</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%87%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਭਾਫ਼ ਇੰਜਣ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਭਾਫ਼ ਇੰਜਣ ਵਿੱਚ ਸੁਧਾਰ</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r775098"><b>ਵਿਗਿਆਨਕ ਕਰੀਅਰ</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ਖੇਤਰ</th><td class="infobox-data category">ਮਕੈਨੀਕਲ ਇੰਜੀਨੀਅਰ</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ਅਦਾਰੇ</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8B_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਗਲਾਸਗੋ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਗਲਾਸਗੋ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_and_Watt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulton and Watt (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Boulton and Watt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Influences</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Black&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Black (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Joseph Black</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%AE_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A5" title="ਐਡਮ ਸਮਿਥ">ਐਡਮ ਸਮਿਥ</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">ਦਸਤਖ਼ਤ</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:James_Watt_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/James_Watt_Signature.svg/150px-James_Watt_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/James_Watt_Signature.svg/225px-James_Watt_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/James_Watt_Signature.svg/300px-James_Watt_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="394" data-file-height="133" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>ਜੇਮਸ ਵਾਟ</b>, (30 ਜਨਵਰੀ 1736 <small>(19 ਜਨਵਰੀ 1736 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Style&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Old Style (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">OS</a>)</small> – 25 ਅਗਸਤ 1819)<sup id="cite_ref-deathdate_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deathdate-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ਇੱਕ ਸਕੌਟਿਸ਼ ਕਾਢਕਾਰ ਅਤੇ ਮਕੈਨੀਕਲ ਇੰਜੀਨੀਅਰ ਸੀ। ਉਸ ਨੇ ਭਾਫ਼ ਇੰਜਣ ਵਿੱਚ ਇੱਕ ਬੁਨਿਆਦੀ ਸੁਧਾਰ ਕੀਤਾ, ਜਿਸ ਨਾਲ ਰੇਲ ਇੰਜਨ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਫਲਤਾ ਮਿਲੀ ਅਤੇ ਪੂਰੀ ਦੁਨੀਆ ਵਿੱਚ ਉਦਯੋਗਕ ਕ੍ਰਾਂਤੀ ਆ ਗਈ। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਜ਼ਿੰਦਗੀ"><span id=".E0.A8.9C.E0.A8.BC.E0.A8.BF.E0.A9.B0.E0.A8.A6.E0.A8.97.E0.A9.80"></span>ਜ਼ਿੰਦਗੀ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9F&action=edit&section=1" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਜ਼ਿੰਦਗੀ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ਜੇਮਸ ਵਾਟ ਦਾ ਜਨਮ ਸਕਾਟਲੈਂਡ ਵਿੱਚ ਕਲਾਇਡ ਨਦੀ ਦੇ ਕੰਡੇ ਸਥਿਤ ਗਰਿਨਾਕ ਨਾਮ ਦੇ ਸਥਾਨ ਵਿੱਚ 19 ਜਨਵਰੀ 1736 ਨੂੰ ਹੋਇਆ ਸੀ। ਉਸਦੇ ਪਿਤਾ ਇੱਕ ਸਫਲ ਬਹੁਧੰਧੀ ਵਿਅਕਤੀ ਸਨ। ਉਹ ਇੱਕ ਸੌਦਾਗਰ ਅਤੇ ਇੱਕ ਸਫਲ ਕਿਸ਼ਤੀਸਾਜ਼ ਅਤੇ ਭਵਨ ਨਿਰਮਾਤਾ ਸਨ। ਜੇਮਸ ਵਾਟ ਨੂੰ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਵਿੱਚ ਘਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੀ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਦੀ ਮਾਤਾ ਨੇ ਪੜਾਇਆ। ਕੁੱਝ ਸਮਾਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਦਾ ਸਕੁਲ ਵਿੱਚ ਦਾਖਿਲਾ ਕਰਵਾ ਦਿੱਤਾ। ਉੱਥੇ ਉਸਨੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="ਲੈਟਿਨ">ਲੈਟਿਨ</a> ਅਤੇ ਯੂਨਾਨੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ ਦੇ ਇਲਾਵਾ ਹਿਸਾਬ ਵੀ ਪੜ੍ਹਿਆ। ਹਿਸਾਬ ਪੜ੍ਹਦੇ ਵਕਤ ਜੇਮਸ ਦੀ ਹਿਸਾਬ ਵਿੱਚ ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ ਰੂਚੀ ਹੋ ਗਈ। ਉਸ ਦੇ ਪਿਤਾ ਦੀ ਕਰਮਸ਼ਾਲਾ ਉਸਦੇ ਲਈ ਬਹੁਤ ਲਾਭਦਾਇਕ ਸਿੱਧ ਹੋਈ, ਜਿਥੇ ਜੇਮਸ ਕਿਸ਼ਤੀਆਂ ਦੇ ਹਿੱਸਿਆਂ ਅਤੇ ਔਜ਼ਾਰਾਂ ਤੋਂ ਚੰਗੀ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਵਾਕਫ਼ ਹੋ ਗਿਆ। </p><p>ਜਦੋਂ ਵਾਟ 17 ਸਾਲ ਦਾ ਸੀ ਤਦ ਉਸਨੇ ਆਪਣੇ ਭਵਿੱਖ ਦੇ ਬਾਰੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਫ਼ੈਸਲਾ ਲਿਆ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਹਿਸਾਬ ਸੰਬੰਧੀ ਯੰਤਰਾਂ ਦਾ ਨਿਰਮਾਤਾ ਬਣੇਗਾ। ਇਸ ਖੇਤਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਅਧਿਆਪਨ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਉਹ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8B_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਗਲਾਸਗੋ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਗਲਾਸਗੋ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ</a> ਗਿਆ। ਇੱਥੇ ਉਸਨੇ ਕੰਮ ਵਿੱਚ ਇੰਨੀ ਯੋਗਤਾ ਹਾਸਲ ਕਰ ਲਈ ਸੀ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਖੁਦ ਆਪਣੇ ਤੌਰ 'ਤੇ ਆਪਣੀ ਜੀਵਿਕਾ ਕਮਾ ਸਕੇ। ਗਲੈਸਗੋ ਤੋਂ ਵਾਪਾਸ ਪਰਤ ਕੇ ਸਾਲ 1757 ਵਿੱਚ ਉਸਨੇ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ ਦੇ ਪਰਿਸਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਹਿਸਾਬ ਸੰਬੰਧੀ ਯੰਤਰਾਂ ਦੀ ਦੁਕਾਨ ਖੋਲ ਲਈ। ਉਹ ਕੰਪਸ, ਸਕੇਲ, ਕਵਾਡੈਂਟਰਸ ਆਦਿ ਹਿਸਾਬ ਦੇ ਯੰਤਰ ਬਣਾ ਕੇ ਵੇਚਣ ਲਗਾ। ਇੱਥੇ ਆਪਣੀ ਦੁਕਾਨ ਚਲਾਂਦੇ ਹੋਏ ਉਸਦੀ ਅਨੇਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨੀਆਂ ਨਾਲ ਜਾਣ ਪਹਿਚਾਣ ਹੋਈ। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਭਾਫ਼_ਨਾਲ_ਤਜੁਰਬੇ"><span id=".E0.A8.AD.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.AB.E0.A8.BC_.E0.A8.A8.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B2_.E0.A8.A4.E0.A8.9C.E0.A9.81.E0.A8.B0.E0.A8.AC.E0.A9.87"></span>ਭਾਫ਼ ਨਾਲ ਤਜੁਰਬੇ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9F&action=edit&section=2" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਭਾਫ਼ ਨਾਲ ਤਜੁਰਬੇ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ਵਾਟ ਨੂੰ ਬਚਪਨ ਤੋਂ ਹਮੇਸ਼ਾ ਭਾਫ਼ ਦੀ ਸਮਰੱਥਾ ਜਾਣਨ ਦੀ ਬੇਸਬਰੀ ਰਹਿੰਦੀ ਸੀ। ਉਹ ਭਾਫ਼ ਦੇ ਉੱਤੇ ਪ੍ਰਯੋਗ ਕਰਦਾ ਰਹਿੰਦਾ ਅਤੇ ਭਾਫ਼ ਨਾਲ ਸੰਬੰਧਿਤ ਆਪਣੀ ਮਾਨਤਾਵਾਂ ਸਥਾਪਤ ਕਰਦਾ ਰਹਿੰਦਾ। 1759 ਵਿੱਚ, ਵਾਟ ਦੇ ਦੋਸਤ, ਜੌਨ ਰੋਬਿਨਸਨ, ਚਾਲਕ ਸ਼ਕਤੀ ਦੇ ਇੱਕ ਸਰੋਤ ਦੇ ਤੌਰ 'ਤੇ ਭਾਫ਼ ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਕਰਨ ਵੱਲ ਉਸ ਦਾ ਧਿਆਨ ਦਵਾਇਆ। ਲਗਭਗ 50 ਸਾਲ ਤੋਂ ਖਾਨਾਂ ਵਿੱਚੋਂ ਪਾਣੀ ਪੰਪ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਵਰਤੇ ਜਾਂ ਵਾਲੇ ਨਿਊਕਾਮਨ ਇੰਜਣ ਦੇ ਡਿਜ਼ਾਇਨ ਵਿੱਚ, ਇਸ ਦੇ ਪਹਿਲੀ ਵਾਰ ਚਾਲੂ ਹੋਣ ਤੋਂ ਲੈਕੇ ਹੁਣ ਤੱਕ ਮੁਸ਼ਕਿਲ ਹੀ ਕੋਈ ਤਬਦੀਲੀ ਹੋਈ ਸੀ।<sup id="cite_ref-Muirhead1858_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muirhead1858-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ਸਾਲ 1764 ਦੀ ਗੱਲ ਹੈ ਨਿਊਕੋਮੇਨ ਜੋ ਕਿ ਭਾਫ਼ ਦੇ ਇੰਜਨ ਦਾ ਪਹਿਲਾ ਕਾਢਕਾਰ ਸੀ ਉਸ ਨੇ ਵਾਟ ਨੂੰ ਆਪਣੇ ਇੰਜਨ ਦਾ ਨਮੂਨਾ ਮਰੰਮਤ ਲਈ ਦਿੱਤਾ। ਉਸ ਇੰਜਨ ਦੀ ਮਰੰਮਤ ਕਰਦੇ ਸਮਾਂ ਵਾਟ ਦੇ ਦਿਮਾਗ ਇਹ ਗੱਲ ਆਈ ਕਿ ਇਸ ਇੰਜਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਭਾਫ਼ ਲੋੜ ਤੋਂ ਜਿਆਦਾ ਖਰਚ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੈ। ਉਸਨੇ ਇਹ ਵੀ ਵਿਚਾਰ ਕੀਤਾ ਕਿ ਭਾਫ਼ ਦੀ ਇਸ ਬਰਬਾਦੀ ਦਾ ਕਾਰਨ ਇੰਜਨ ਦੇ ਬਾਇਲਰ ਦਾ ਮੁਕਾਬਲਤਨ ਛੋਟਾ ਹੋਣਾ ਹੈ। ਹੁਣ ਵਾਟ ਅਜਿਹੇ ਇੰਜਨ ਦੇ ਨਿਰਮਾਣ ਵਿੱਚ ਲੱਗ ਗਿਆ ਜਿਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਭਾਫ਼ ਦੀ ਖਪਤ ਘੱਟ ਤੋਂ ਘੱਟ ਹੋਵੇ ਅਤੇ ਭਾਫ਼ ਬਰਬਾਦ ਨਾ ਹੋਵੇ। ਭਾਫ਼ ਇੰਜਨ ਦੇ ਇਸ ਸੁਧਾਰ ਲਈ ਉਹ 1 ਸਾਲ ਤੱਕ ਜੂਝਦਾ ਰਿਹਾ। ਅਤੇ ਆਖ਼ਿਰਕਾਰ 1765 ਵਿੱਚ ਇਸ ਸਮੱਸਿਆ ਦਾ ਹੱਲ ਉਸਦੇ ਹੱਥ ਵਿੱਚ ਲੱਗ ਗਿਆ। ਇਹ ਹੱਲ ਸੀ ਕਿ ਇੱਕ ਨਿਵੇਕਲਾ ਕੰਡੇਸਰ ਬਣਾਉਣਾ। ਵਾਟ ਨੇ ਵਿਚਾਰ ਕੀਤਾ ਕਿ ਬਾਇਲਰ ਤੋਂ ਇੱਕ ਨਿਵੇਕਲਾ ਕੰਡੇਸਰ ਹੋਵੇ ਅਤੇ ਉਹ ਬਾਇਲਰ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ ਵੀ ਜੁੜਿਆ ਹੋਣਾ ਚਾਹੀਦਾ ਹੈ। ਇਸ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਨਿਊਕੇਮੋਨ ਦੇ ਭਾਫ਼ ਇੰਜਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਸੁਧਾਰ ਕਰਕੇ ਨਵੇਂ ਭਾਫ਼ ਇੰਜਨ ਦਾ ਨਿਰਮਾਣ ਜੇਮਸ ਵਾਟ ਦੀ ਪਹਿਲੀ ਅਤੇ ਮਹਾਨਤਮ ਖੋਜ ਸੀ। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਹਵਾਲੇ"><span id=".E0.A8.B9.E0.A8.B5.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B2.E0.A9.87"></span>ਹਵਾਲੇ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9F&action=edit&section=3" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਹਵਾਲੇ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r636460">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-deathdate-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-deathdate_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-deathdate_1-1">1.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Although a number of otherwise reputable sources give his date of death as 19 August 1819, all contemporary accounts report him dying on 25 August and being buried on 2 September. The date 19 August originates from the biography <i>The Life of James Watt</i> (1858, p. 521) by <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Patrick_Muirhead&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Patrick Muirhead (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">James Patrick Muirhead</a>. It draws its (supposed) legitimacy from the fact that Muirhead was a nephew of Watt and therefore should have been well-informed. In the Muirhead papers, 25 August date is mentioned elsewhere. The latter date is also given in contemporary newspaper reports (for example, page 3 of <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Times&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Times (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">The Times</a></i> of 28 August) as well as by an abstract of and codicil to Watt's last will. (In the pertinent burial register of St. Mary's Church (Birmingham-Handsworth) Watt's date of death is not mentioned.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nakli itihaas jo likheya geya hai kade na vaapriya jo ohna de base te, saade te saada itihaas bna ke ehna ne thop dittiyan. anglo sikh war te ek c te 3-4 jagaha te kiwe chal rahi c ikko war utto saal 1848 jdo angrej sara punjab 1845 ch apne under kar chukke c te oh 1848 ch kihna nal jang ladd rahe c. <strong class="error"><span class="scribunto-error mw-scribunto-error-7269ec0e">Script error: The function "citation<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8/198.168.27.221" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਯੋਗਦਾਨ/198.168.27.221">198.168.27.221</a> 14:54, 13 ਦਸੰਬਰ 2024 (UTC)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000000B-QINU`"'</ref>" does not exist.</span></strong></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clarendon_press-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Clarendon_press_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="pa" dir="ltr">ਹਵਾਲੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਗ਼ਲਤੀ:Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; no text was provided for refs named <code>Clarendon press</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Muirhead1858-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Muirhead1858_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nakli itihaas jo likheya geya hai kade na vaapriya jo ohna de base te, saade te saada itihaas bna ke ehna ne thop dittiyan. anglo sikh war te ek c te 3-4 jagaha te kiwe chal rahi c ikko war utto saal 1848 jdo angrej sara punjab 1845 ch apne under kar chukke c te oh 1848 ch kihna nal jang ladd rahe c. <strong class="error"><span class="scribunto-error mw-scribunto-error-0b481004">Script error: The function "citation<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8/198.168.27.221" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਯੋਗਦਾਨ/198.168.27.221">198.168.27.221</a> 14:54, 13 ਦਸੰਬਰ 2024 (UTC)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000000C-QINU`"'</ref>" does not exist.</span></strong></span> </li> </ol></div> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="pa" dir="ltr">ਹਵਾਲੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਗ਼ਲਤੀ:<code><ref></code> tag defined in <code><references></code> has no name attribute.</span></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.codfw.main‐686b57647c‐vb7dl Cached time: 20241213145454 Cache expiry: 1587916 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.183 seconds Real time usage: 0.400 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1850/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 15009/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2563/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 7355/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.111/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3992721/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 212.955 1 -total 87.81% 186.988 1 ਫਰਮਾ:Infobox_scientist 26.29% 55.981 1 ਫਰਮਾ:Birth_date 18.27% 38.906 1 ਫਰਮਾ:Infobox 11.47% 24.430 1 ਫਰਮਾ:ਹਵਾਲੇ 9.86% 21.004 16 ਫਰਮਾ:Main_other 7.35% 15.647 10 ਫਰਮਾ:Pluralize_from_text 6.61% 14.072 8 ਫਰਮਾ:If_empty 4.79% 10.201 1 ਫਰਮਾ:Death_date_and_age 4.70% 9.999 2 ਫਰਮਾ:Cite_book --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key pawiki:pcache:60868:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241213145454 and revision id 532553. 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