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奧地利帝國 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书

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id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=spontaneous&amp;uselang=zh-hans" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&amp;returnto=%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录,但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&amp;returnto=%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="建议你登录,尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=spontaneous&amp;uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&amp;returnto=%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录,但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&amp;returnto=%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="建议你登录,尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-历史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关历史子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-創立" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#創立"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>創立</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-創立-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-梅特涅時代" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#梅特涅時代"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>梅特涅時代</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-梅特涅時代-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-動盪時期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#動盪時期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>動盪時期</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-動盪時期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1848年革命" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1848年革命"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>1848年革命</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1848年革命-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-巴赫專制" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#巴赫專制"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>巴赫專制</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-巴赫專制-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-改組為奧匈帝國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#改組為奧匈帝國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>改組為奧匈帝國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-改組為奧匈帝國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-构成领土" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#构成领土"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>构成领土</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-构成领土-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-歷任奧皇" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷任奧皇"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>歷任奧皇</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歷任奧皇-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">奧地利帝國</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。96种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-96" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">96种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keiserryk_Oostenryk" title="Keiserryk Oostenryk – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Keiserryk Oostenryk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaisertum_%C3%96sterreich" title="Kaisertum Österreich – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kaisertum Österreich" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperio_Austriaco" title="Imperio Austriaco – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Imperio Austriaco" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الإمبراطورية النمساوية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الإمبراطورية النمساوية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الامبراطوريه النمساويه – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الامبراطوريه النمساويه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperiu_austriacu" title="Imperiu austriacu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Imperiu austriacu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avstriya_imperiyas%C4%B1" title="Avstriya imperiyası – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Avstriya imperiyası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%88" title="اوتریش ایمپیراتورلوغو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اوتریش ایمپیراتورلوغو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Австрия империяһы – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Австрия империяһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Аўстрыйская імперыя – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аўстрыйская імперыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Аўстрыйская імпэрыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Аўстрыйская імпэрыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Австрийска империя – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Австрийска империя" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impalaeriezh_Aostria" title="Impalaeriezh Aostria – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Impalaeriezh Aostria" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperi_Austr%C3%ADac" title="Imperi Austríac – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Imperi Austríac" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Австрийн импери – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Австрийн импери" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%95%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="ئیمپراتۆریەتیی نەمسا – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیمپراتۆریەتیی نەمسا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakousk%C3%A9_c%C3%ADsa%C5%99stv%C3%AD" title="Rakouské císařství – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rakouské císařství" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ymerodraeth_Awstria" title="Ymerodraeth Awstria – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ymerodraeth Awstria" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kejserriget_%C3%98strig" title="Kejserriget Østrig – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kejserriget Østrig" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaisertum_%C3%96sterreich" title="Kaisertum Österreich – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kaisertum Österreich" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%85%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%91%CF%85%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Αυστριακή Αυτοκρατορία – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αυστριακή Αυτοκρατορία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Austrian Empire" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C5%ADstra_imperio" title="Aŭstra imperio – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aŭstra imperio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperio_austr%C3%ADaco" title="Imperio austríaco – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Imperio austríaco" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria_keisririik" title="Austria keisririik – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Austria keisririik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austriar_Inperioa" title="Austriar Inperioa – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Austriar Inperioa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="امپراتوری اتریش – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="امپراتوری اتریش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%C3%A4vallan_keisarikunta" title="Itävallan keisarikunta – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Itävallan keisarikunta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_d%27Autriche" title="Empire d&#039;Autriche – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Empire d&#039;Autriche" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keiserdoom_Uasterrik" title="Keiserdoom Uasterrik – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Keiserdoom Uasterrik" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impireacht_na_hOstaire" title="Impireacht na hOstaire – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Impireacht na hOstaire" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impireachd_na_h-Ostaire" title="Impireachd na h-Ostaire – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Impireachd na h-Ostaire" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperio_Austr%C3%ADaco" title="Imperio Austríaco – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Imperio Austríaco" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="האימפריה האוסטרית – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האימפריה האוסטרית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="ऑस्ट्रियाई साम्राज्य – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ऑस्ट्रियाई साम्राज्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrijsko_Carstvo" title="Austrijsko Carstvo – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Austrijsko Carstvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osztr%C3%A1k_Cs%C3%A1sz%C3%A1rs%C3%A1g" title="Osztrák Császárság – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Osztrák Császárság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BE%D5%BD%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%BD%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Ավստրիական կայսրություն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ավստրիական կայսրություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekaisaran_Austria" title="Kekaisaran Austria – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kekaisaran Austria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austriana_Imperio" title="Austriana Imperio – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Austriana Imperio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austurr%C3%ADska_keisarad%C3%A6mi%C3%B0" title="Austurríska keisaradæmið – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Austurríska keisaradæmið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impero_austriaco" title="Impero austriaco – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Impero austriaco" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="オーストリア帝国 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オーストリア帝国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aschrian_Empaya" title="Aschrian Empaya – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Aschrian Empaya" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ავსტრიის იმპერია – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ავსტრიის იმპერია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8D_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8D" title="Аустрэ империэ – 卡巴尔德语" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Аустрэ империэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="卡巴尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Аустрия империясы – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Аустрия империясы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9F" title="ចក្រភពអូទ្រីស – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ចក្រភពអូទ្រីស" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD" title="오스트리아 제국 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오스트리아 제국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Австрия империясы – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Австрия империясы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperium_Austriacum" title="Imperium Austriacum – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Imperium Austriacum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperi_d%27Austria" title="Imperi d&#039;Austria – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Imperi d&#039;Austria" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrijos_imperija" title="Austrijos imperija – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Austrijos imperija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrijas_Imp%C4%93rija" title="Austrijas Impērija – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Austrijas Impērija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Австриско Царство – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Австриско Царство" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%B3%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Австрийн эзэнт гүрэн – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Австрийн эзэнт гүрэн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="ऑस्ट्रियन साम्राज्य – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ऑस्ट्रियन साम्राज्य" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empayar_Austria" title="Empayar Austria – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Empayar Austria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="اتریش امپراتوری – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اتریش امپراتوری" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impero_austriaco" title="Impero austriaco – 那不勒斯语" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Impero austriaco" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="那不勒斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keizerrijk_Oostenrijk" title="Keizerrijk Oostenrijk – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Keizerrijk Oostenrijk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_%C3%B8sterrikske_keiserrike" title="Det østerrikske keiserrike – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Det østerrikske keiserrike" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%88_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%A4" title="ਆਸਟਰੀਆਈ ਸਲਤਨਤ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਸਟਰੀਆਈ ਸਲਤਨਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesarstwo_Austrii" title="Cesarstwo Austrii – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cesarstwo Austrii" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA" title="آسٹریائی سلطنت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آسٹریائی سلطنت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Austr%C3%ADaco" title="Império Austríaco – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Império Austríaco" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperiul_Austriac" title="Imperiul Austriac – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Imperiul Austriac" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Австрийская империя – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Австрийская империя" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Австрійска імперія – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Австрійска імперія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imp%C3%A8riu_austr%C3%ACacu" title="Impèriu austrìacu – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Impèriu austrìacu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpiru_austriacu" title="Mpiru austriacu – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Mpiru austriacu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrick_Empire" title="Austrick Empire – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Austrick Empire" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%BD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA" title="آسٽريائي سلطنت – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آسٽريائي سلطنت" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrijsko_Carstvo" title="Austrijsko Carstvo – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Austrijsko Carstvo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Austrian Empire" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rak%C3%BAske_cis%C3%A1rstvo" title="Rakúske cisárstvo – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rakúske cisárstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avstrijsko_cesarstvo" title="Avstrijsko cesarstvo – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Avstrijsko cesarstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perandoria_Austriake" title="Perandoria Austriake – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Perandoria Austriake" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Аустријско царство – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Аустријско царство" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kejsard%C3%B6met_%C3%96sterrike" title="Kejsardömet Österrike – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kejsardömet Österrike" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austryj%C5%8Fcke_Cys%C5%8Frstwo" title="Austryjŏcke Cysŏrstwo – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Austryjŏcke Cysŏrstwo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="ஆத்திரியப் பேரரசு – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆத்திரியப் பேரரசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="จักรวรรดิออสเตรีย – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรวรรดิออสเตรีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperyong_Austriano" title="Imperyong Austriano – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Imperyong Austriano" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avusturya_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu" title="Avusturya İmparatorluğu – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Avusturya İmparatorluğu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Австрия империясе – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Австрия империясе" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Австрійська імперія – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Австрійська імперія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA" title="آسٹریائی سلطنت – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آسٹریائی سلطنت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avstriya_imperiyasi" title="Avstriya imperiyasi – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Avstriya imperiyasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inpero_Austr%C3%ACago" title="Inpero Austrìago – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Inpero Austrìago" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%BF_qu%E1%BB%91c_%C3%81o" title="Đế quốc Áo – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đế quốc Áo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="奥地利帝国 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="奥地利帝国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ავსტრიაშ იმპერია – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ავსტრიაშ იმპერია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il%E1%BA%B9%CC%80%E1%BB%8Dbal%C3%BAay%C3%A9_Austr%C3%AD%C3%A0" title="Ilẹ̀ọbalúayé Austríà – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ilẹ̀ọbalúayé Austríà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92-t%C4%93-l%C4%AB_T%C3%A8-kok" title="Ò-tē-lī Tè-kok – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ò-tē-lī Tè-kok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="奧地利帝國 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="奧地利帝國" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q131964#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > 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.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>可参照<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaisertum_%C3%96sterreich" class="extiw" title="de:Kaisertum Österreich">德語維基百科</a>相應條目来扩充</b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2022年10月31日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>若您熟悉来源语言和主题,请协助<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91%E5%AE%88%E5%88%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:翻译守则">参考外语维基百科扩充条目</a>。请勿直接提交机械翻译,也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%9C%A8%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%86%85%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B6%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9" title="Wikipedia:在维基百科内复制内容">版权协议</a>,译文需<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%B7%A8%E8%BC%AF%E6%91%98%E8%A6%81#翻譯文章" title="Wikipedia:編輯摘要">在编辑摘要注明来源</a>,或于讨论页顶部标记<code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Translated_page" title="Template:Translated page">Translated page</a>}}</code>标签。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>可参照<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Empire" class="extiw" title="en:Austrian Empire">英語維基百科</a>相應條目来扩充</b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2022年10月31日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>若您熟悉来源语言和主题,请协助<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91%E5%AE%88%E5%88%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:翻译守则">参考外语维基百科扩充条目</a>。请勿直接提交机械翻译,也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%9C%A8%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%86%85%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B6%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9" title="Wikipedia:在维基百科内复制内容">版权协议</a>,译文需<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%B7%A8%E8%BC%AF%E6%91%98%E8%A6%81#翻譯文章" title="Wikipedia:編輯摘要">在编辑摘要注明来源</a>,或于讨论页顶部标记<code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Translated_page" title="Template:Translated page">Translated page</a>}}</code>标签。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="noteTA-5b9a11cf" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="地名"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>「<b>奧國</b>」重定向至此。关于其他時期被稱為「奧國」的政權,请见「<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%8C%88%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="奧匈帝國">奧匈帝國</a></b>」和「<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="奥地利历史">奧地利歷史</a></b>」。</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84055776">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">奥地利帝国</div><div class="ib-country-names">Kaiserthum Österreich</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1804年—1867年</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; padding:0 2px 0 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="奥地利帝国国旗"><img alt="奥地利帝国国旗" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97" class="mw-redirect" title="奥地利国旗">国旗</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; padding:0 5px 0 2px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Empire_of_Austria_(1815).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="奥地利帝国国徽"><img alt="奥地利帝国国徽" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Empire_of_Austria_%281815%29.svg/85px-Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Empire_of_Austria_%281815%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Empire_of_Austria_%281815%29.svg/128px-Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Empire_of_Austria_%281815%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Empire_of_Austria_%281815%29.svg/170px-Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Empire_of_Austria_%281815%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="631" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%9B%BD%E5%BE%BD" title="奥地利国徽"> 国徽</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><b>格言:</b><a href="/wiki/A.E.I.O.U." title="A.E.I.O.U.">A.E.I.O.U.</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem" style=""><b>国歌:</b>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E7%9A%87%E9%A2%82" title="帝皇颂">帝皇颂</a>》<br /><small>"<span lang="de">Kaiserhymnen</span>"</small><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="62" data-mwtitle="HaydnGottErhalteFranzDenKaiserQuartetVersionPianoReduction.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/HaydnGottErhalteFranzDenKaiserQuartetVersionPianoReduction.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs=&quot;vorbis&quot;" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/HaydnGottErhalteFranzDenKaiserQuartetVersionPianoReduction.ogg/HaydnGottErhalteFranzDenKaiserQuartetVersionPianoReduction.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3AHaydnGottErhalteFranzDenKaiserQuartetVersionPianoReduction.ogg&amp;lang=de-at&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="de-AT" label="Österreichisches Deutsch‪(de-at)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3AHaydnGottErhalteFranzDenKaiserQuartetVersionPianoReduction.ogg&amp;lang=de&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="de" label="Deutsch‪(de)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3AHaydnGottErhalteFranzDenKaiserQuartetVersionPianoReduction.ogg&amp;lang=en&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3AHaydnGottErhalteFranzDenKaiserQuartetVersionPianoReduction.ogg&amp;lang=es&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3AHaydnGottErhalteFranzDenKaiserQuartetVersionPianoReduction.ogg&amp;lang=hu&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="hu" label="magyar‪(hu)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3AHaydnGottErhalteFranzDenKaiserQuartetVersionPianoReduction.ogg&amp;lang=id&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia‪(id)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3AHaydnGottErhalteFranzDenKaiserQuartetVersionPianoReduction.ogg&amp;lang=ro&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ro" label="română‪(ro)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3AHaydnGottErhalteFranzDenKaiserQuartetVersionPianoReduction.ogg&amp;lang=sl&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sl" label="slovenščina‪(sl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3AHaydnGottErhalteFranzDenKaiserQuartetVersionPianoReduction.ogg&amp;lang=vi&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Austrian_Empire_(1815).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="1815年的奥地利帝国"><img alt="1815年的奥地利帝国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Austrian_Empire_%281815%29.svg/250px-Austrian_Empire_%281815%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Austrian_Empire_%281815%29.svg/375px-Austrian_Empire_%281815%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Austrian_Empire_%281815%29.svg/500px-Austrian_Empire_%281815%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="456" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">1815年的奥地利帝国</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">地位</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E9%82%A6%E8%81%AF" title="德意志邦聯">德意志邦聯</a>成员国及主席国<br /><small>(奥地利帝国疆域/局部领土,1815年–1866年)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">首都<div class="ib-country-largest">暨最大城市</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%9F%E7%BA%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="维也纳">维也纳</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">常用语言</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="德语">德语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD" title="匈牙利语">匈牙利语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="捷克语">捷克语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="斯洛伐克语">斯洛伐克语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="波兰语">波兰语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="鲁塞尼亚语">鲁塞尼亚语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="斯洛文尼亚语">斯洛文尼亚语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="克罗地亚语">克罗地亚语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="塞尔维亚语">塞尔维亚语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="罗马尼亚语">罗马尼亚语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD" title="意大利语">意大利语</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">宗教<div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="罗马天主教">罗马天主教</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">政府</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%93%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="君主专制">君主专制</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%9B%86%E6%9D%83" title="中央集权">中央集权</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D" title="奥地利皇帝">皇帝</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">&#160;</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;1804–1835 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%8C%A8%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD)" title="弗朗茨二世 (神圣罗马帝国)">弗朗茨一世</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;1835–1848 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%90%E8%BF%AA%E5%8D%97%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96_(%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D)" title="斐迪南一世 (奥地利皇帝)">斐迪南一世</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;1848–1867 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%8C%A8%C2%B7%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="弗朗茨·约瑟夫一世">弗朗茨·约瑟夫一世</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奥地利首相列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of Ministers-President of Austria"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E9%A6%96%E7%9B%B8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="奥地利首相列表(页面不存在)">首相</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Ministers-President_of_Austria" class="extiw" title="en:List of Ministers-President of Austria"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of Ministers-President of Austria</span></a></span>)</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">&#160;</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;1821–1848 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%90%8A%E9%96%80%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E7%89%B9%E6%B6%85" class="mw-redirect" title="克萊門斯·梅特涅">克莱门斯·梅特涅</a><small>(首任)</small></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;1867 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="弗里德里希·斐迪南·冯·贝乌斯特" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Friedrich Ferdinand von Beust"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E6%96%90%E8%BF%AA%E5%8D%97%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="弗里德里希·斐迪南·冯·贝乌斯特(页面不存在)">弗里德里希·斐迪南</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Ferdinand_von_Beust" class="extiw" title="en:Friedrich Ferdinand von Beust"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Friedrich Ferdinand von Beust</span></a></span>)</span></span><small>(末任)</small></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">立法机构</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A_(%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9)" class="mw-redirect" title="帝国议会 (奥地利)">帝国议会</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="上议院">上议院</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%B4%E6%97%8F%E9%99%A2_(%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9)" title="貴族院 (奧地利)">贵族院</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="下议院">下议院</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%BE%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2_(%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9)" title="眾議院 (奧地利)">众议院</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">历史时期</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="现代史">现代</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;宣告成立 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1804年8月11日</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E8%A7%A3%E4%BD%93" title="神圣罗马帝国解体">神圣罗马帝国解体</a></span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1806年8月6日</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%9F%E7%BA%B3%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="维也纳会议">维也纳会议</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1815年6月8日</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E6%9C%88%E6%96%87%E5%91%8A" title="十月文告">立宪</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1860年10月20日</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%A5%A5%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="普奥战争">普奥战争</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1866年6月14日</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84_(1866%E5%B9%B4)" title="布拉格條約 (1866年)">布拉格条约</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1866年8月23日</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/1867%E5%B9%B4%E5%A5%A5%E5%8C%88%E6%8A%98%E8%A1%B7%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" class="mw-redirect" title="1867年奥匈折衷方案"><span class="nowrap">1867年折衷方案</span></a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1867年3月30日</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="">面积</th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">1804年</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">698,700平方公里</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="">人口</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;1804年 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">21,200,000</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;1867年 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">20,220,000</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">货币</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%8C%88%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%A4%E7%88%BE%E7%99%BB" title="奧匈帝國古爾登">奧地利古爾登</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%8B%92" title="塔勒">塔勒</a><br /><small>(1804–1857)</small><br />联邦泰勒(Vereinsthaler)<br /><small>(1857–1867)</small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67735281">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>前身</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>继承</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_with_haloes_%281430-1806%29.svg/20px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_with_haloes_%281430-1806%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_with_haloes_%281430-1806%29.svg/30px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_with_haloes_%281430-1806%29.svg.png 1.5x, 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data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%8B" title="奧地利大公國">奧地利大公國</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Salzburg%2C_Vienna%2C_Vorarlberg.svg/20px-Flag_of_Salzburg%2C_Vienna%2C_Vorarlberg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Salzburg%2C_Vienna%2C_Vorarlberg.svg/30px-Flag_of_Salzburg%2C_Vienna%2C_Vorarlberg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Salzburg%2C_Vienna%2C_Vorarlberg.svg/40px-Flag_of_Salzburg%2C_Vienna%2C_Vorarlberg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </td> <td 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.sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard plainlist" style="width:16em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#C8102E"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="奥地利历史"><span style="color:white">奥地利历史</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Austria_Bundesadler.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Austria_Bundesadler.svg/80px-Austria_Bundesadler.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Austria_Bundesadler.svg/120px-Austria_Bundesadler.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Austria_Bundesadler.svg/160px-Austria_Bundesadler.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="739" data-file-height="782" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="background:#C8102E"> <span style="color:white">历史系列条目</span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee">早期历史</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E6%96%BD%E5%A1%94%E7%89%B9%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="哈尔施塔特文化">哈尔施塔特文化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E9%87%8C%E5%BA%93%E5%A7%86" title="诺里库姆">诺里库姆</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%98%E8%AF%BA%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="潘诺尼亚">潘诺尼亚</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%9F%83%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="拉埃提亚">拉埃提亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E7%A7%91%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC" title="马科曼尼">马科曼尼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E4%BA%BA" title="阿瓦尔人">阿瓦尔人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E8%8E%AB" title="薩莫">薩莫统治</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%85%B0%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="卡兰塔尼亚">卡兰塔尼亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E8%97%A9%E4%BE%AF%E5%9B%BD" title="奥地利藩侯国">奥地利藩侯国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%9C%AC%E5%A0%A1%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="巴本堡王朝">巴本堡王朝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%B9%E6%9D%83" title="小特权">小特权</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="奥地利公国">奥地利公国</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee">哈布斯堡时期</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="哈布斯堡王朝">哈布斯堡王朝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="神圣罗马帝国">神圣罗马帝国</a><small>(<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E8%A7%A3%E4%BD%93" title="神圣罗马帝国解体">解體</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%8B" title="奧地利大公國">奧地利大公國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%9C%8B" title="哈布斯堡君主國">哈布斯堡君主國</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">奧地利帝國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E9%82%A6%E8%81%AF" title="德意志邦聯">德意志邦聯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%8C%88%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="奥匈帝国">奥匈帝国</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee">战间期</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97-%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="德意志-奧地利共和國">德意志-奥地利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="奥地利第一共和国">奥地利第一共和国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%9C%8B%E9%99%A3%E7%B7%9A_(%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9)" title="祖國陣線 (奧地利)">奥地利法西斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%9B%BD" title="奥地利联邦国">奥地利联邦国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%A5%A7%E5%90%88%E4%BD%B5" title="德奧合併">德奧合併</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E9%83%A8%E8%BE%B9%E7%96%86_(%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9)" title="东部边疆 (奥地利)">东部边疆</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee">第二次世界大战</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="纳粹主义时期的奥地利" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Austria in the time of National Socialism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%B3%E7%B2%B9%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="纳粹主义时期的奥地利(页面不存在)">纳粹主义时期</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria_in_the_time_of_National_Socialism" class="extiw" title="en:Austria in the time of National Socialism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Austria in the time of National Socialism</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" title="第二次世界大战">第二次世界大战</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee">战后奥地利</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E5%9C%8B%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E4%BD%94%E9%A0%98%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" title="同盟國軍事佔領奧地利">同盟國軍事佔領奧地利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" title="奥地利">奥地利第二共和国</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee">专题</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="奥地利犹太人历史">犹太人</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="维也纳犹太人历史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of the Jews in Vienna"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%9F%E7%BA%B3%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="维也纳犹太人历史(页面不存在)">维也纳犹太人</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Vienna" class="extiw" title="en:History of the Jews in Vienna"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of the Jews in Vienna</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奥地利军事史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Military history of Austria"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E5%8F%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="奥地利军事史(页面不存在)">军事史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_Austria" class="extiw" title="en:Military history of Austria"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Military history of Austria</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奥地利音乐" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Music of Austria"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="奥地利音乐(页面不存在)">音乐</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Austria" class="extiw" title="en:Music of Austria"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Music of Austria</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="Template:奥地利历史"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:奥地利历史(页面不存在)"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:奥地利历史"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>奧地利帝國</b>(德語:<span lang="de">Kaiserthum Österreich</span>,奥地利德语:Kaiserthum Oesterreich),指的是1804年至1867年的帝國,首都是<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E4%B9%9F%E7%B4%8D" title="維也納">維也納</a>,亦是<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="哈布斯堡王朝">哈布斯堡王朝</a>所統治的國家中第一個能完全執行<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%B0%88%E5%88%B6" title="君主專制">君主專制</a>的。中文裏所說的<b>奧國</b>、<b>奧帝國</b>指的即這段時期。 </p><p>奧地利帝國的皇室為哈布斯堡的支係——<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1-%E6%B4%9B%E6%9E%97%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="哈布斯堡-洛林家族">哈布斯堡-洛林家族</a>,於1804年8月11日建國,由<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%8C%A8%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD)" title="弗朗茨二世 (神圣罗马帝国)">弗朗茨二世</a>創立,弗朗茨二世原本是<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="神聖羅馬帝國">神聖羅馬帝國</a>的皇帝,由於<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E8%A7%A3%E4%BD%93" title="神圣罗马帝国解体">神羅的解體</a>,他的頭銜也變更為“<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D" title="奥地利皇帝">奧地利皇帝</a>”,簡稱“奧皇”。他将19世紀之前所有的哈布斯堡領土连成一體,合并为一个<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E4%B8%80%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="單一制">單一制</a>的國家,直到1848年才開始有<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="聯邦制">聯邦制</a>的傾向。在1867年後,奧地利帝國允許其境內的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="匈牙利王國">匈牙利王國</a>獨立,讓匈牙利和奧地利共組<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%8C%88%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="奧匈帝國">奧匈帝國</a>,而奧地利帝國則成為了奧匈帝國的兩個組成部份之一<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>奧地利帝國經濟工業發達,雖然海外殖民不若其他歐洲國家,仍被歐洲人视为<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%BC%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="列強">列強</a>之一,是当时歐洲的面積第二大國,僅次於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯帝國">俄國</a>,有698,700平方公里;歐洲人口第三大國,次於俄國和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="法蘭西第二帝國">法國</a>,有2120萬人。虽然奧地利帝國的首都和大部份经济城市都位於中歐地區,但它的版圖也橫跨東歐和南歐,統治著諸多不同的民族,包括今日之<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="奧地利">奧地利</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克">捷克</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9" title="匈牙利">匈牙利</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="斯洛文尼亞">斯洛文尼亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="斯洛伐克">斯洛伐克</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="克羅地亞">克羅地亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="北意大利">北意大利</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞">羅馬尼亞</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="特蘭西瓦尼亞">特蘭西瓦尼亞</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="波蘭">波蘭</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A_(%E4%B8%AD%E6%AC%A7)" class="mw-redirect" title="加利西亚 (中欧)">加利西亚</a>等<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。因為同樣以哈布斯堡家族的成員為君主,且都是領土遼闊的大國,故奧地利帝國和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="神聖羅馬帝國">神聖羅馬帝國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E5%93%88%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="西班牙哈布斯堡王朝">西班牙帝國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%8C%88%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="奧匈帝國">奧匈帝國</a>合起來又能稱為<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="哈布斯堡帝国">哈布斯堡帝國</a>(1516-1918)。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="编辑章节:历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在18世紀末期,<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%8C%A8%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD)" title="弗朗茨二世 (神圣罗马帝国)">弗朗茨二世</a>就任神聖羅馬皇帝之初,德意志的大小邦國依然割據著神羅領土,但神羅皇帝的實權卻不斷削弱。這個情況在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="法國大革命">法國大革命</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E5%B4%99" class="mw-redirect" title="拿破崙">拿破崙</a>的崛起之時達到了頂點,德意志諸邦之間的矛盾被<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="民主主義">民主主義</a>完全激化,神羅作為一個存在時間極長的帝國再也無法維持自己的統一狀態。1804年5月18日,法兰西第一共和国的第一執政<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E5%B4%99" class="mw-redirect" title="拿破崙">拿破崙</a>稱帝,改“<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="法兰西第一共和国">法兰西共和國</a>”為“<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="法兰西第一帝国">法兰西帝國</a>”,並威脅弗朗茨二世放棄神聖羅馬帝國的皇位,甚至要求神羅的選帝侯們選舉拿破崙為新一代的神羅皇帝。 </p><p>有見於此,弗朗茨二世在拿皇稱帝三個月後的8月11日,宣佈哈布斯堡家族所控制的領土一起合併為“奧地利帝國”,確立了奧地利大於其它領土的方针。他又自封為“<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D" title="奥地利皇帝">奧地利皇帝</a>”並將原本的頭銜“神羅皇帝弗朗茨二世”變更為“奧皇弗朗茨一世”,隨後他自己就主動解散了神聖羅馬帝國<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。弗朗茨一世的這招一箭三鵰,既能讓拿破崙沒法獲得哈布斯堡祖傳的神羅皇位,也能讓这个新造的奧地利帝國在等級上和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法蘭西第一帝國">法蘭西帝國</a>平起平坐,還能讓奧地利的損失降到最低<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。在<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="神聖羅馬帝國">神聖羅馬帝國</a>滅亡後,<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E9%82%A6%E8%81%AF" title="萊茵邦聯">萊茵邦聯</a>成為德意志諸邦在版圖和民族上的繼承者,而神圣羅马帝国的皇位則傳至奧地利,神羅分裂成奧地利帝國、<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="萊茵聯邦">萊茵聯邦</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%AD%AF%E5%A3%AB%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="普魯士王國">普魯士王國</a>這三块。 </p><p>作為盤踞在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="中歐">中歐</a>的巨型國家,奧地利是當時<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="德意志地區">德意志地區</a>的第一強國,<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E7%9A%87" class="mw-redirect" title="奧皇">奧皇</a>可以永久兼任<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E9%82%A6%E8%81%AF" title="德意志邦聯">德意志邦聯</a>的主席,奧地利也可以在外交場合中代表全體德意志邦國,甚至能僅憑自我喜好來和其它非德意志國家談判。在其存續期間,奧地利是<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="神聖同盟">神聖同盟</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="三皇同盟">三皇同盟</a>中的主要成員之一,在<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E7%89%B9%E6%B6%85" class="mw-redirect" title="梅特涅">梅特涅</a>統治的時期代表著歐洲<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%88%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="保守主義">保守主義</a>的大本營,奧地利軍隊在歐洲的四處積極干預<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="自由主義">自由主義</a>革命,以彰顯奧軍的實力。奧地利因為不需要再管其它德意志邦國,所以在行政上反而比神羅時代更有效率,梅特涅強制帝國境內形形色色的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" title="法律">法律</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="制度">制度</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%A8%E8%A9%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="用詞">用詞</a>等全部改成維也納地區的版本,讓哈布斯堡領土上的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E9%AB%94%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="行政體系">行政體系</a>第一次<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="標準化">完全達成一致</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。此外,奧地利的傳統<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E6%9C%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="威望">威望</a>依然很高,歷任奧皇都擁有選舉下一代<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97" title="教宗">教宗</a>的投票權,這個投票權也繼承自神羅皇帝,即使是後來的<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%AD%AF%E5%A3%AB%E5%9C%8B%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="普魯士國王">普魯士國王</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D" title="德意志皇帝">德意志皇帝</a>也無權擁有,直到1914年的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="一戰">一戰</a>裏意大利對奧地利宣戰之時,這個選舉權才被<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97" title="教宗">教宗</a>正式取消。 </p><p>奧地利帝國最大的特點亦是最大的弱點,就是其版圖橫跨了太多民族的居集地。在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="法國大革命">法國大革命</a>所推行的“<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="民族主義">民族主義</a>風潮”的衝擊下,奧地利境內各民族的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="民族統一">統一慾望</a>覺醒,身為<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E9%AB%94%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="主體民族">主體民族</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="德意志民族">德意志民族</a>渴望從奧地利獨立,和<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E9%82%A6%E8%81%AF" title="德意志邦聯">德意志邦聯</a>統一;而非德意志民族也渴望脫離奧地利,建立一個只屬於自己的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="单民族国家">單民族國家</a>,因此奧地利國內的<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92" class="mw-redirect" title="分裂情緒">分裂情緒</a>比其他歐洲列強更為嚴重。這個弱點最終在1866年的<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%A5%A7%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="普奧戰爭">普奧戰爭</a>中被德意志第二強的<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%AD%AF%E5%A3%AB" title="普魯士">普魯士</a>所利用,普魯士用法律將奧地利定義在<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97" class="mw-disambig" title="德意志">德意志</a>的範圍之外。由於奧地利的戰敗,於是奧皇只得正視其統治下的各類民族,被迫將最大的注意力用在“保障民族平等”之上<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。此後,奧地利的國家認同就發生了巨大轉變,從“德意志—<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="单民族国家">單民族國家</a>”的思考模式中抽離,進入“多民族—<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E4%B8%96%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="普世帝國">普世帝國</a>”的模式之中。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="創立"><span id=".E5.89.B5.E7.AB.8B"></span>創立</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="编辑章节:創立"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E5%B4%99%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="拿破崙戰爭">拿破崙戰爭</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E9%82%A6%E8%81%AF" title="萊茵邦聯">萊茵邦聯</a></div> <p>塑造神聖羅馬帝國性質的變化發生在<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%96%BD%E5%A1%94%E7%89%B9" title="拉施塔特">拉施塔特</a>(1797-1799)和<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E6%A0%B9%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1" title="雷根斯堡">雷根斯堡</a>(1801-1803)的會議期間。1803年3月24日,宣布<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E4%BC%91%E6%9C%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="帝國休會(页面不存在)">帝國休會</a>(德語:Reichsdeputationshauptschluss ),將<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="教會國家(页面不存在)">教會國家</a>的數量從81個減少到只有3個,將<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="自由帝國市">自由帝國市</a>從51個減少到6個。這項措施旨在取代舊的聖地憲法羅馬帝國,但帝國休會的實際後果是帝國的終結。考慮到這一重大變化,神聖羅馬帝國皇帝弗朗西斯二世創造了奧地利皇帝的稱號,為他自己和他的繼任者。 </p><p>1804年,神聖羅馬帝國皇帝弗朗西斯二世,同時也是<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="哈布斯堡王朝">哈布斯堡王朝</a>的統治者,建立了奧地利帝國,將他的所有土地都包括在內。在這樣做的過程中,他為哈布斯堡王朝建立了一個正式的總體結構,該王朝作為一個<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%B6" title="選舉君主制">選舉君主制</a>已經運作了大約三百年。他這樣做是因為他預見到神聖羅馬帝國的終結,或者最終成為神聖羅馬帝國皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E5%B4%99" class="mw-redirect" title="拿破崙">拿破崙</a>,他在那年早些時候接受了法國皇帝的頭銜;弗朗西斯二世最終在1806年晚些時候放棄了德羅馬皇帝的頭銜。為了維護他王朝的帝國地位,他採用了奧地利皇帝的額外世襲頭銜. 除了現在被納入一個新的“皇帝”之外,總體結構的運作及其組成土地的地位最初與1804年之前存在的<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="君合國">君合國</a>之情況大致相同。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="匈牙利王國">匈牙利王國</a>的地位尤其證明了這一點,這個國家從未成為神聖羅馬帝國的一部分,一直被視為一個獨立的王國——這一地位得到了第十條的確認,該條被添加到匈牙利的1790 年憲法在復合君主制階段,並將該州描述為Regnum Independens。匈牙利的事務仍然由其自己的機構(國王和國會)管理,就像以前一樣。因此,沒有帝國機構參與其政府。 </p><p>1805年9月,法國對帝國的干預加速了<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="神聖羅馬帝國">神聖羅馬帝國</a>的衰落和解體。1805年10月20日,由<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E9%BA%A5%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E9%A6%AE%C2%B7%E8%90%8A%E4%BC%AF%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="卡爾·麥克·馮·萊伯里希(页面不存在)">卡爾·麥克·馮·萊伯里希</a>將軍率領的奧地利軍隊在烏爾姆鎮附近被法國軍隊擊敗。法國的勝利導致20,000名奧地利士兵和許多大砲被俘。拿破崙的軍隊於 1805年12月2日在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A9%E8%8C%A8" class="mw-disambig" title="奥斯特利茨">奧斯特利茨</a>再次取得勝利。弗朗西斯被迫於1805年12月4日至6日與法國進行談判,並於1805年12月6日達成停戰協議。 </p><p>法國的勝利鼓勵了某些帝國領土的統治者與法國結盟,並宣稱他們正式獨立於帝國。1805年12月10日,<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%B8%E5%B8%9D%E4%BE%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="選帝侯">選帝侯</a>兼<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%90%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%85%AC%E7%88%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="巴伐利亚公爵">巴伐利亞公爵</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E8%A5%BF%E7%B1%B3%E5%88%A9%E5%AE%89%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="馬克西米利安四世">馬克西米利安四世</a>約瑟夫宣布自己為國王,隨後於12月11日由<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E8%85%BE%E5%A0%A1%E5%85%AC%E7%88%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="符腾堡公爵">符騰堡公爵</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="弗雷德里克三世">弗雷德里克三世</a>宣布。巴登侯爵查爾斯·弗雷德里克於12月12日被授予大公頭銜。這些新州中的每一個都成為法國的盟友。法國和奧地利在普萊斯堡(今<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E8%BF%AA%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%99%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="布拉迪斯拉發">布拉迪斯拉發</a>)簽訂的《普雷斯堡條約》, 斯洛伐克)12月26日,以戰敗的奧地利為代價擴大了拿破崙的德國盟友的領土。 </p><p>弗朗茨二世同意了屈辱性的《普萊斯堡條約》(1805年12月26日),這實際上意味著長期存在的神聖羅馬帝國的解體,並在拿破崙的烙印下將在此過程中失去的德國領土重組為一個前身狀態。成為現代德國,這些屬地名義上是神聖羅馬帝國的一部分,在德國目前的邊界內,以及以其他方式削弱奧地利和哈布斯堡王朝的其他措施。奧地利在德國的某些財產被轉讓給了法國盟友——巴伐利亞國王、符騰堡國王和巴登大公. 奧地利對這些德國國家的要求被無一例外地放棄了。 </p><p>1806年7月12日,<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="萊茵聯邦">萊茵聯邦</a>成立,由16個主權國家和國家組成。這個聯邦在法國的影響下終結了神聖羅馬帝國。1806年8月6日,甚至弗朗西斯也承認了新的形勢,並宣布神聖羅馬帝國解體,因為他不希望拿破崙繼位。這一行動沒有得到英國<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="喬治三世">喬治三世</a>的承認,他也是漢諾威的選帝侯,也將漢諾威周圍的德國領土拱手讓給了拿破崙。他的主張後來通過建立由喬治四世和威廉四世擁有的漢諾威王國來解決作為<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AB%BE%E5%A8%81%E5%9C%8B%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="漢諾威國王">漢諾威國王</a>。繼承只能由男性繼承,因此在<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%A4%9A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E5%A5%B3%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="維多利亞女王">維多利亞女王</a>登基後,她的叔叔<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E9%83%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="欧内斯特·奥古斯都">歐內斯特·奧古斯都</a>繼位為漢諾威國王,從而結束了1714年與英國的個人聯盟。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="梅特涅時代"><span id=".E6.A2.85.E7.89.B9.E6.B6.85.E6.99.82.E4.BB.A3"></span>梅特涅時代</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="编辑章节:梅特涅時代"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%90%8A%E9%96%80%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%A6%AE%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E7%89%B9%E6%B6%85" title="克萊門斯·馮·梅特涅">克萊門斯·馮·梅特涅</a></div> <p>在弗朗西斯一世皇帝的授權下,梅特涅在外交政策方面非常自由,梅特涅於1809年成為外交部長。他還於1821~1848年在弗朗茨一世和他的兒子<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%90%E8%BF%AA%E5%8D%97%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96_(%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D)" title="斐迪南一世 (奥地利皇帝)">斐迪南一世</a>的領導下擔任國務大臣一職。1815~1848年也被稱為“<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E7%89%B9%E6%B6%85%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="梅特涅時代">梅特涅時代</a>”。在此期間,梅特涅控制了哈布斯堡王朝的外交政策,在歐洲政治中產生了重大影響。他以“強烈的保守態度”而聞名,堅決反對任何<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="革命">革命</a>思想和<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="自由主義">自由主義</a>思想,在梅特涅看來,自由主義不過是一種“合法的革命形式”,並認為“<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%B6" title="君主制">君主制</a>才是唯一適合奧地利的制度”。這一觀念也影響了梅特涅的外交行為,他的所有外交舉動都是“確保<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="哈布斯堡王朝">哈布斯堡王朝</a>能一直沿用陳舊的封建制度、皇室聯姻”為前提的。梅特涅還是一位“均勢外交”的信徒,他的外交手法和英國的“<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E5%9D%87%E5%8B%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="大陸均勢">大陸均勢</a>”如出一轍,旨在維持國際軍事實力的平衡,不讓某個國家過強或過弱,以方便奧地利能在國際中佔到便宜。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E5%B4%99%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="拿破崙戰爭">拿破崙戰爭</a>結束後,梅特涅主導召開了《<a href="/wiki/1815%E5%B9%B4" title="1815年">1815年</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E4%B9%9F%E7%B4%8D%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="維也納會議">維也納會議</a>》,他則成為了這場會議的“總設計師”。奧地利帝國和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大英帝國">大英帝國</a>是該會議最主要的受益國,梅特涅知道奧地利的軍事實力不如英法俄,但他成功讓奧地利獲得了最大利益。奧國在這場會議上與<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%AD%AF%E5%A3%AB" title="普魯士">普魯士</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯">俄羅斯</a>建立了聯盟,形成了<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%9C%8B%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-disambig" title="四國同盟">四國同盟</a>,一同遏制法國的復仇;同時,奧地利也獲得了經濟富裕的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="北意大利">北意大利</a>領土。由於1815年的《維也納會議》,奧地利成為德意志邦聯的永久主席國,歐洲列強們也同意,如果未來在歐洲發生任何戰爭或<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="革命">革命</a>,其他國家都可以干涉;“列強等級的國家”們也可以一起討論,如何用和平的方式解決。由於是梅特涅制定了這個架構,所以維也納會議也被稱為“梅特涅的代表大會”或“梅特涅系統”。最後,在梅特涅擔任奧地利外交部長的期間,奧地利的“內外關係和諧”,奧地利國會基本都會支持梅特涅的政策,尤其是國會議長,例如艾克斯拉夏佩爾(1818年)、卡爾斯巴德(1819年)、特羅波(1820年)、萊巴赫(1821年)和維羅納(1822年)等。 </p><p>雖然梅特涅在“必須用兵時”非常狠毒,但他也強烈建議各國在“不訴諸暴力的前提下解決革命”。作為一個<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%88%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="保守主義">保守主義</a>者,他視“戰爭”為“野蠻人的行為”,尤其鄙視<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="軍國主義">軍國主義</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%AD%AF%E5%A3%AB%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="普魯士王國">普魯士王國</a>,並刻意將奧地利的國際形象塑造成“嚮往和平、和普魯士不同”的樣子,不斷潑髒水給<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%AD%AF%E5%A3%AB" title="普魯士">普魯士</a>。在《維也納會議》結束後的30年中,由於梅特涅擅於利用“歐洲君主們害怕革命推翻自己的恐懼”,他不斷誇大這種恐懼情緒,成功團結了除普魯士以外的所有歐洲列強,幫助奧地利在歐洲的外交場中處於“左右逢源的地位”。在梅特涅的領導下,奧地利軍隊積極壓制意大利北部和德國各州的民族主義,還定下了“奧地利帝國始終與<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="民族統一">民族統一</a>為敵”的方針。在國內,他奉行類似的理念來壓制<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="自由主義">自由主義</a>的理想,尤其是對叛亂的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="匈牙利人">匈牙利人</a>毫不手軟。他採用了<a href="/wiki/1819%E5%B9%B4" title="1819年">1819年</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%B4%E5%BE%B7%E6%B3%95%E4%BB%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="卡尔斯巴德法令">卡爾斯巴德法令</a>》,該法令旨在透過嚴格的教育、新聞和<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%80%E8%AB%96%E5%AF%A9%E6%9F%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="言論審查">言論審查</a>制度來壓制革命和自由主義觀念,並使用大量的<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%93%E8%AB%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="間諜">間諜</a>網絡來監視奧地利平民。 </p><p>弗朗西斯於<a href="/wiki/1835%E5%B9%B4" title="1835年">1835年</a>去世,這一天標誌著梅特涅在奧地利帝國的影響力開始下降。弗朗西斯的繼承人是他的兒子<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%90%E8%BF%AA%E5%8D%97%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" class="mw-disambig" title="斐迪南一世">斐迪南一世</a>,但他患有健康問題。斐迪南的即位保留了哈布斯堡王朝的繼承權,但他沒有執政的能力,奧地利帝國的領導權被移交給梅特涅、路易大公、弗朗茨·安東·科洛拉特伯爵這三人所組成的“國務委員會”。<a href="/wiki/1848%E5%B9%B4" title="1848年">1848年</a>,奧地利帝國積怨已久的自由主義革命終於爆發,憤怒的群眾積極屠殺保守派人士,梅特涅在這層反噬之下也只能引咎辭職。至此,他的政治生涯結束,梅特涅因為順利讓奧地利中興、創造了一個龐大的國際外交體系、並且以和平的方式發揮影響力,所以能在歐洲近代史中被人銘記。在梅特涅不再掌權後,再也沒有一個奧地利<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E7%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="首相">首相</a>能如此長時間的執政,奧地利也不再能對歐洲產生如此大的影響。 </p><p>歷史學家普遍認為梅特涅時代是一個穩定時期:“奧地利帝國沒有進行過任何大型戰爭,也沒有實行任何激進的改革,但在各種小細節上卻一一<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="规范化">規範化</a>,統一了奧地利境內形形色色的法律。”而且,梅特涅時代也被認為是奧地利帝國經濟繁榮的一個時期,至<a href="/wiki/1843%E5%B9%B4" title="1843年">1843年</a>,奧地利的人口爆增到3750萬,<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%8C%96" title="城市化">城市化</a>也在奧地利的東部地區發生了,光是維也納的人口就達到了40萬。在<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E5%B4%99%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="拿破崙戰爭">拿破崙戰爭</a>後,奧地利的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%BA%93" title="国库">國庫</a>出現了巨額赤字虧損,但奧地利帝國在梅特涅的治理下還清了大部份負債,讓<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="奧地利">奧地利</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%A5%BF%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="波西米亞">波西米亞</a>地區的經濟變成歐洲的第一梯隊。用<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E5%AF%A6%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="現實主義">現實主義</a>者觀點來看,梅特涅時代是“權力平衡的典範”。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="動盪時期"><span id=".E5.8B.95.E7.9B.AA.E6.99.82.E6.9C.9F"></span>動盪時期</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="编辑章节:動盪時期"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1848年革命"><span id="1848.E5.B9.B4.E9.9D.A9.E5.91.BD"></span>1848年革命</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="编辑章节:1848年革命"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/1848%E5%B9%B4%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="1848年革命">1848年革命</a></div> <p>從1848年3月到1849年11月,帝國受到革命運動的威脅,其中大部分是民族主義的。除此之外,自由主義甚至社會主義潮流抵制了帝國長期以來的保守主義。儘管大多數革命計劃都失敗了,但還是做出了一些改變;重大的持久改革包括廢除農奴制、取消審查制度以及奧地利的斐迪南一世承諾在整個帝國實施憲法。 </p><p>1852 年施瓦岑貝格的費利克斯親王去世後,內政部長亞歷山大·馮·巴赫男爵在很大程度上決定了奧地利和匈牙利的政策。巴赫集中了奧地利帝國的行政權力,但他也支持削弱新聞自由和放棄公開審判的反動政策。他後來代表了絕對主義(或Klerikalabsolutist)的方向,該方向在 1855 年 8 月達成的協議中達到高潮,該協議使羅馬天主教會控制了教育和家庭生活。奧地利帝國歷史上的這一時期將被稱為新專制主義時代,或巴赫的專制主義時代。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="巴赫專制"><span id=".E5.B7.B4.E8.B5.AB.E5.B0.88.E5.88.B6"></span>巴赫專制</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="编辑章节:巴赫專制"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E8%B5%AB%E7%94%B7%E7%88%B5" title="亚历山大·冯·巴赫男爵">亞歷山大·馮·巴赫男爵</a></div> <p>隨著1848年革命破產,1848年12月3日弗朗茨·約瑟夫一世登基並在施瓦岑貝格親王及巴赫等人的幫助下著手建立專制體制。1852年親王施瓦岑貝格迅速去世,至此內政大臣巴赫在奧地利獨攬大權。 </p><p>對於民族問題和階級革命這兩大時代主題所帶來的“混亂”的恐懼,奧地利開明專制統治的“發明人”<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E9%A6%AE%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E8%B5%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="亞歷山大·馮·巴赫">亞歷山大·馮·巴赫</a>把一切保守力量都聯合起來。巴赫原本是資產階級自由派的重要代表人物,早年律師出身的他在革命中慷慨陳詞,一呼百應,但在向皇室靠攏後他迅速找到了自己的位置,與弗朗茨·約瑟夫一世達成了一致——畢竟,有了這些資產階級代表的加入,弗朗茨·約瑟夫一世的新政府似乎就有了履行立憲承諾的可能性;在這種混亂局面下,也只有哈布斯堡皇室才有可能建立一種集權式的統治來解決當前民族問題。所謂巴赫體系(Bachsches System)的支柱,用Adolf Fischhof的話來說是四支“軍隊”:一支常備軍、一支坐著的公職人員軍、一支跪著的牧師軍隊和一支奉承的軍隊。 </p><p>監獄裡到處都是政治犯,比如捷克民族主義記者和作家Karel Havlíček Borovský,他被強行驅逐(1851-1855)到布里克森。這次流放破壞了博羅夫斯基的健康,不久他就去世了。這件事使巴赫在捷克人中聲名狼藉,隨後導致了捷克民族運動的加強。然而,巴赫寬鬆的意識形態觀點(除了新專制主義)導致了1850年代經濟自由的大幅上升。國內關稅被取消,農民從封建義務中解放出來。 </p><p>作為德意志邦聯的領導人,奧地利與志願者一起參加了第一次石勒蘇益格戰爭(1848-1850年)。撒丁島與法國結盟以征服倫巴第-威尼斯。奧地利在1859年的武裝衝突中戰敗。維拉弗蘭卡條約和蘇黎世條約移除了倫巴第,除了明喬河以東的部分,即所謂的曼托瓦諾。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="改組為奧匈帝國"><span id=".E6.94.B9.E7.B5.84.E7.82.BA.E5.A5.A7.E5.8C.88.E5.B8.9D.E5.9C.8B"></span>改組為奧匈帝國</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="编辑章节:改組為奧匈帝國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%8C%88%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="奥匈帝国">奥匈帝国</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E8%90%8A%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="內萊塔尼亞">內萊塔尼亞</a></div> <p>1859年,<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80" title="意大利統一">意大利独立战争</a>使奧帝國失去在意大利的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E8%98%AD" title="米蘭">米蘭</a>。 </p><p>1861年,由於對少數民族的漠視,而造成其它的民族國家對奧地利有機可乘<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,所以奧地利在此時設立了國家憲法,規定法大於人,並且創建了功能不同的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%B4%E6%97%8F%E9%99%A2_(%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9)" title="貴族院 (奧地利)">貴族院</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%BE%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2_(%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9)" title="眾議院 (奧地利)">眾議院</a>以平衡民族問題,但帝國的中一些民族仍然不滿意,尤其以匈牙利人為最。 </p><p>1864年,在與丹麥的第二次戰爭之後,荷爾斯泰因被奧地利吞併,而石勒蘇益格和勞恩堡則劃歸普魯士管理,但南部丹麥的領土問題內仍在發燒。在德國,德意志邦聯議會取代了原本17邦國的議會;在巴爾幹,匈牙利人在奧地利內部要求廣泛的自治;在意大利,<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF" title="威尼斯">威尼斯</a>被統一的意大利國家所吸引,渴望像米蘭一樣脫離奧國獨立。 </p><p>1866年,隨著奧地利在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%99%AE%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="奧普戰爭">奧普戰爭</a>中戰敗,德意志邦聯至此正式解體,結束了哈布斯堡家族統領<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97" title="大德意志">德意志</a>各城邦的時代。內政方面,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9" title="匈牙利">匈牙利</a>对<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%9F%E7%BA%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="维也纳">维也纳</a>的统治也非常不满,國內其它许多地区<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="民族主义">民族主义</a>思想也不断加强。奥軍在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="俄罗斯帝国">沙俄</a>的支持下对1848年匈牙利革命的镇压,更加劇了匈牙利对奥地利的统治不满。在一些政府官员劝告下,奥皇<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%8C%A8%C2%B7%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="弗朗茨·约瑟夫">弗朗茨·约瑟夫</a>決定与所有民族运动家谈判。雖然如此,但帝國內各部分以匈牙利贵族的势力最為強大这些贵族,而他們只肯接受一个他们与奥地利传统贵族之间的二元体。縱使維也納担心单独与匈牙利贵族谈判会遭到其它民族更大的反对,但最終僅与匈牙利的贵族協商,在1867年組成一個<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%B8%BB%E9%82%A6%E8%81%AF" title="共主邦聯">共主邦聯</a>──<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%8C%88%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="奧匈帝國">奧匈帝國</a>。 </p><p>1867年,《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%8C%88%E5%A6%A5%E5%8D%94%E6%A1%88" class="mw-redirect" title="奧匈妥協案">奧匈妥協案</a>》獲得通過,匈牙利王國和奧地利帝國作為兩個獨立的實體在平等的基礎上加入,奧地利成為了奧匈帝國的一部份,這種狀態稱之為“二元君主制”<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。常見的縮寫KuK(Kaiserliche und Königliche,“帝國和皇家”)並不是指雙重君主制,而是起源於 1745 年,當時“皇家”部分指的是匈牙利使徒王國。然而,在第一次世界大戰期間奧匈帝國發行了在被佔領地區使用的軍用郵票,上面寫著“KuK Feldpost”或KuK Militärpost。自此,奧地利帝國降級為<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%8C%88%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="奧匈帝國">奧匈帝國</a>的一個組成部分,稱為<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E8%90%8A%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="內萊塔尼亞">內萊塔尼亞</a>,匈牙利則稱為<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E8%90%8A%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="外萊塔尼亞">外萊塔尼亞</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="构成领土"><span id=".E6.9E.84.E6.88.90.E9.A2.86.E5.9C.9F"></span>构成领土</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="编辑章节:构成领土"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethnographic_map_of_austrian_monarchy_czoernig_1855.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Ethnographic_map_of_austrian_monarchy_czoernig_1855.jpg/320px-Ethnographic_map_of_austrian_monarchy_czoernig_1855.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Ethnographic_map_of_austrian_monarchy_czoernig_1855.jpg/480px-Ethnographic_map_of_austrian_monarchy_czoernig_1855.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Ethnographic_map_of_austrian_monarchy_czoernig_1855.jpg/640px-Ethnographic_map_of_austrian_monarchy_czoernig_1855.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7997" data-file-height="5862" /></a><figcaption>奥地利帝国的民族组成。</figcaption></figure> <p>1815年<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%9F%E7%BA%B3%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="维也纳会议">维也纳会议</a>的皇室领土,包括1848年革命后地方政府重组和1860年十月宪法后的领土: </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%8B" title="奧地利大公國"><img alt="奧地利大公國" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Austria_%281230%E2%80%931934%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Austria_%281230%E2%80%931934%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Austria_%281230%E2%80%931934%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Austria_%281230%E2%80%931934%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Austria_%281230%E2%80%931934%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Austria_%281230%E2%80%931934%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="奥地利大公国">奥地利大公国</a>(<span lang="de">Erzherzogtum Österreich</span>) <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Erzherzogtum_%C3%96sterreich_unter_der_Enns.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Wappen_Erzherzogtum_%C3%96sterreich_unter_der_Enns.png/25px-Wappen_Erzherzogtum_%C3%96sterreich_unter_der_Enns.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Wappen_Erzherzogtum_%C3%96sterreich_unter_der_Enns.png/38px-Wappen_Erzherzogtum_%C3%96sterreich_unter_der_Enns.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Wappen_Erzherzogtum_%C3%96sterreich_unter_der_Enns.png/50px-Wappen_Erzherzogtum_%C3%96sterreich_unter_der_Enns.png 2x" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="570" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="下奥地利州">恩河以下奥地利</a>(<span lang="de">Erzherzogtum Österreich unter der Enns</span>)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Erzherzogtum_%C3%96sterreich_ob_der_Enns.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Wappen_Erzherzogtum_%C3%96sterreich_ob_der_Enns.jpg/25px-Wappen_Erzherzogtum_%C3%96sterreich_ob_der_Enns.jpg" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Wappen_Erzherzogtum_%C3%96sterreich_ob_der_Enns.jpg/38px-Wappen_Erzherzogtum_%C3%96sterreich_ob_der_Enns.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Wappen_Erzherzogtum_%C3%96sterreich_ob_der_Enns.jpg/50px-Wappen_Erzherzogtum_%C3%96sterreich_ob_der_Enns.jpg 2x" data-file-width="477" data-file-height="581" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="上奥地利">恩河以上奥地利</a>(<span lang="de">Erzherzogtum Österreich ob der Enns</span>)</li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Salzburg%2C_Vienna%2C_Vorarlberg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Salzburg%2C_Vienna%2C_Vorarlberg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Salzburg%2C_Vienna%2C_Vorarlberg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Salzburg%2C_Vienna%2C_Vorarlberg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Salzburg%2C_Vienna%2C_Vorarlberg.svg/45px-Flag_of_Salzburg%2C_Vienna%2C_Vorarlberg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="薩爾斯堡公國">薩爾斯堡公國</a>(<span lang="de">Herzogtum Salzburg</span>),1815年–1850年上奥地利的<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E7%88%BE%E5%AF%9F%E8%B5%AB%E6%B2%B3" title="薩爾察赫河">萨尔察赫</a>区(<span lang="de">Salzachkreis</span>)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Flag_of_Styria_%28state%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Styria_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Flag_of_Styria_%28state%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Styria_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Flag_of_Styria_%28state%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Styria_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E8%92%82%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="施蒂利亚公国">施泰尔马克公国</a>(<span lang="de">Herzogtum Steiermark</span>)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Tirol_and_Upper_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tirol_and_Upper_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Tirol_and_Upper_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tirol_and_Upper_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Tirol_and_Upper_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tirol_and_Upper_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%92%82%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%94%E4%BC%AF%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="蒂罗尔伯国">蒂罗尔亲王级伯国</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E8%B4%9D%E6%A0%BC%E5%B7%9E" title="福拉尔贝格州">福拉尔贝格</a>(<span lang="de">Gefürstete Grafschaft Tirol mit dem Lande Vorarlberg</span>),1861年分割</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Illyria.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Illyria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Illyria.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Illyria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Illyria.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Illyria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%88%A9%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD_(1816%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%931849%E5%B9%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="伊利里亚王国 (1816年–1849年)">伊利里亚王国</a>(<span lang="de">Königreich Illyrien</span>),1849年/1850年分割 <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_Carinthia_until_1946.svg/23px-Flag_of_Carinthia_until_1946.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_Carinthia_until_1946.svg/35px-Flag_of_Carinthia_until_1946.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_Carinthia_until_1946.svg/46px-Flag_of_Carinthia_until_1946.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="390" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%81%A9%E9%A0%93%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%8B" title="克恩頓公國">克恩顿公国</a>(<span lang="de">Herzogtum Kärnten</span>)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Krain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Krain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Krain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Krain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Krain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Krain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%9B%B7%E6%81%A9%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="克雷恩公国">克雷恩公国</a>(<span lang="de">Herzogtum Krain</span>)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_Austrian_Littoral_with_coat_of_arms.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Austrian_Littoral_with_coat_of_arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_Austrian_Littoral_with_coat_of_arms.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Austrian_Littoral_with_coat_of_arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_Austrian_Littoral_with_coat_of_arms.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Austrian_Littoral_with_coat_of_arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E6%BB%A8%E6%B5%B7%E5%8C%BA" title="奥地利滨海区">奥地利滨海地区</a>(<span lang="de">Küstenland</span>) <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_G%C3%B6rz_und_Gradisca.svg/23px-Flag_of_G%C3%B6rz_und_Gradisca.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_G%C3%B6rz_und_Gradisca.svg/35px-Flag_of_G%C3%B6rz_und_Gradisca.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_G%C3%B6rz_und_Gradisca.svg/45px-Flag_of_G%C3%B6rz_und_Gradisca.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%88%88%E9%87%8C%E9%BD%90%E4%BA%9A%E5%92%8C%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E8%BF%AA%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="戈里齐亚和格拉迪斯卡">戈里齐亚和格拉迪斯卡亲王级伯国</a>(<span lang="de">Gefürstete Grafschaft Görz und Gradisca</span>)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Flag_of_Imperial_Free_City_of_Trieste.svg/23px-Flag_of_Imperial_Free_City_of_Trieste.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Flag_of_Imperial_Free_City_of_Trieste.svg/35px-Flag_of_Imperial_Free_City_of_Trieste.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Flag_of_Imperial_Free_City_of_Trieste.svg/45px-Flag_of_Imperial_Free_City_of_Trieste.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%84%E9%87%8C%E9%9B%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%82" title="的里雅斯特帝国自由市">的里雅斯特帝国自由市</a>(<span lang="de">Triest</span>)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Markgrafschaft_Istrien.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wappen_Markgrafschaft_Istrien.png/25px-Wappen_Markgrafschaft_Istrien.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wappen_Markgrafschaft_Istrien.png/38px-Wappen_Markgrafschaft_Istrien.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wappen_Markgrafschaft_Istrien.png/50px-Wappen_Markgrafschaft_Istrien.png 2x" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="551" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E8%BE%B9%E5%8C%BA" title="伊斯特拉边区">伊斯特拉边区</a>(<span lang="de">Markgrafschaft Istrien</span>)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%B8%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9A" title="波希米亚"><img alt="波希米亚" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Bohemia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bohemia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Bohemia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bohemia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Bohemia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bohemia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%B8%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9E%E7%8E%8B%E5%86%A0%E9%A0%98%E5%9C%B0" title="波希米亞王冠領地">波希米亞王冠領地</a> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%B8%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9A" title="波希米亚"><img alt="波希米亚" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Bohemia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bohemia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Bohemia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bohemia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Bohemia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bohemia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%B8%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9A%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="波希米亚王国">波希米亚王国</a>(<span lang="de">Königreich Böhmen</span>)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Moravia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moravia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Moravia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moravia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Moravia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Moravia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%8B%89%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E4%BE%AF%E5%9C%8B" title="摩拉維亞侯國">摩拉維亞侯國</a>(<span lang="de">Markgrafschaft Mähren</span>)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_Austrian_Silesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Austrian_Silesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_Austrian_Silesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Austrian_Silesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_Austrian_Silesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Austrian_Silesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%B1%9E%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="奥属西里西亚">西里西亚公国</a>(<span lang="de">Herzogtum Schlesien</span>)</li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E5%92%8C%E6%B4%9B%E5%A4%9A%E6%A2%85%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="加利西亞和洛多梅里亞王國"><img alt="加利西亞和洛多梅里亞王國" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Galicia_and_Lodomeria.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Galicia_and_Lodomeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Galicia_and_Lodomeria.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Galicia_and_Lodomeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Galicia_and_Lodomeria.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Galicia_and_Lodomeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="320" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%92%8C%E6%B4%9B%E5%A4%9A%E6%A2%85%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="加利西亚和洛多梅里亚王国">加利西亚和洛多梅里亚王国</a>(<span lang="de">Königreich Galizien und Lodomerien</span>)及 <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Bukowina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bukowina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Bukowina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bukowina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Bukowina.svg/45px-Flag_of_Bukowina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E7%A7%91%E7%BB%B4%E7%BA%B3%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="布科维纳公国">布科维纳公国</a>(<span lang="de">Herzogtum Bukowina</span>),于1850年分离出来</li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD_(1526%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%8D1867%E5%B9%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="匈牙利王国 (1526年-1867年)">匈牙利王国</a>(<span lang="de">Königreich Ungarn</span>)及 <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Transylvania_before_1918.svg/22px-Flag_of_Transylvania_before_1918.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Transylvania_before_1918.svg/33px-Flag_of_Transylvania_before_1918.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Transylvania_before_1918.svg/43px-Flag_of_Transylvania_before_1918.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="特兰西瓦尼亚公国 (1711年–1867年)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Principality of Transylvania (1711–1867)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD_(1711%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%931867%E5%B9%B4)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="特兰西瓦尼亚公国 (1711年–1867年)(页面不存在)">特兰西瓦尼亚大公国</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principality_of_Transylvania_(1711%E2%80%931867)" class="extiw" title="en:Principality of Transylvania (1711–1867)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Principality of Transylvania (1711–1867)</span></a></span>)</span></span>(<span lang="de">Großfürstentum Siebenbürgen</span>)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Flag_of_Serbian_Vojvodina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbian_Vojvodina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Flag_of_Serbian_Vojvodina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbian_Vojvodina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Flag_of_Serbian_Vojvodina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Serbian_Vojvodina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="922" data-file-height="588" /></span></span></span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="塞尔维亚和蒂米什瓦-巴纳特公国" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E5%92%8C%E8%92%82%E7%B1%B3%E4%BB%80%E7%93%A6-%E5%B7%B4%E7%BA%B3%E7%89%B9%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="塞尔维亚和蒂米什瓦-巴纳特公国(页面不存在)">塞尔维亚和蒂米什瓦-巴纳特公国</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voivodeship_of_Serbia_and_Banat_of_Temeschwar" class="extiw" title="en:Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar</span></a></span>)</span></span>(<span lang="de">Woiwodschaft Serbien und Temescher Banat</span>),1849年建立,1860年并入匈牙利和斯拉沃尼亚 <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_the_Serbian_Vojvodina.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Serbian_Vojvodina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_the_Serbian_Vojvodina.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Serbian_Vojvodina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_the_Serbian_Vojvodina.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Serbian_Vojvodina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="936" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="塞尔维亚伏伊伏丁那" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Serbian Vojvodina"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E4%BC%8F%E4%BC%8A%E4%BC%8F%E4%B8%81%E9%82%A3&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="塞尔维亚伏伊伏丁那(页面不存在)">塞尔维亚伏伊伏丁那</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbian_Vojvodina" class="extiw" title="en:Serbian Vojvodina"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Serbian Vojvodina</span></a></span>)</span></span>,1848年/49年事实自治,但未受承认</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="蒂米什瓦-巴纳特" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Banat of Temeswar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%82%E7%B1%B3%E4%BB%80%E7%93%A6-%E5%B7%B4%E7%BA%B3%E7%89%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="蒂米什瓦-巴纳特(页面不存在)">蒂米什瓦-巴纳特</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banat_of_Temeswar" class="extiw" title="en:Banat of Temeswar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Banat of Temeswar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Flag_of_the_Triune_Kingdom_of_Croatia%2C_Slavonia_and_Dalmatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Triune_Kingdom_of_Croatia%2C_Slavonia_and_Dalmatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Flag_of_the_Triune_Kingdom_of_Croatia%2C_Slavonia_and_Dalmatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Triune_Kingdom_of_Croatia%2C_Slavonia_and_Dalmatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Flag_of_the_Triune_Kingdom_of_Croatia%2C_Slavonia_and_Dalmatia.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Triune_Kingdom_of_Croatia%2C_Slavonia_and_Dalmatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD_(%E5%93%88%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1)" class="mw-redirect" title="克罗地亚王国 (哈布斯堡)">克罗地亚王国</a>(<span lang="de">Königreich Kroatien</span>)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Slavonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Slavonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Slavonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Slavonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Slavonia.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Slavonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="斯拉沃尼亚王国">斯拉沃尼亚王国</a>(<span lang="de">Königreich Slawonien</span>)</li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Lombardy%E2%80%93Venetia_%281815%E2%80%931866%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Lombardy%E2%80%93Venetia_%281815%E2%80%931866%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Lombardy%E2%80%93Venetia_%281815%E2%80%931866%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Lombardy%E2%80%93Venetia_%281815%E2%80%931866%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Lombardy%E2%80%93Venetia_%281815%E2%80%931866%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Lombardy%E2%80%93Venetia_%281815%E2%80%931866%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E5%B7%B4%E7%AC%AC-%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%89%98%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="倫巴第-威尼托王國">伦巴第-威尼西亚王国</a>(<span lang="de">Lombardo-Venezianisches Königreich</span>),1859年/1866年失去</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Dalmatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Dalmatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Dalmatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Dalmatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Dalmatia.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Dalmatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE%E9%A6%AC%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%9E%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="達爾馬提亞王國">达尔马提亚王国</a>(<span lang="de">Königreich Dalmatien</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E5%89%8D%E7%BA%BF%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="军事前线地区">军事前线地区</a>(<span lang="de">Militärgrenze</span>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E5%89%8D%E7%BA%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="克罗地亚军事前线">克罗地亚军事前线</a>(<span lang="de">Kroatische Militärgrenze</span>)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="斯拉沃尼亚军事前线" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Slavonian Military Frontier"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E5%89%8D%E7%BA%BF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="斯拉沃尼亚军事前线(页面不存在)">斯拉沃尼亚军事前线</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavonian_Military_Frontier" class="extiw" title="en:Slavonian Military Frontier"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Slavonian Military Frontier</span></a></span>)</span></span>(<span lang="de">Slawonische Militärgrenze</span>)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴纳特军事前线" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Banat Military Frontier"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E7%BA%B3%E7%89%B9%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E5%89%8D%E7%BA%BF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="巴纳特军事前线(页面不存在)">巴纳特军事前线</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banat_Military_Frontier" class="extiw" title="en:Banat Military Frontier"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Banat Military Frontier</span></a></span>)</span></span>(<span lang="de">Banater Militärgrenze</span>)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="特兰西瓦尼亚军事前线" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Transylvanian Military Frontier"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E5%89%8D%E7%BA%BF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="特兰西瓦尼亚军事前线(页面不存在)">特兰西瓦尼亚军事前线</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transylvanian_Military_Frontier" class="extiw" title="en:Transylvanian Military Frontier"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Transylvanian Military Frontier</span></a></span>)</span></span>(<span lang="de">Siebenbürger Militärgrenze</span>),1853年并入特兰西瓦尼亚</li></ul></li></ul> <p>过去哈布斯堡王朝的领土<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" title="前奥地利">前奥地利</a>(于今日法国、德国和瑞士)已于1805年《普雷斯堡和约》中失去。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷任奧皇"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E4.BB.BB.E5.A5.A7.E7.9A.87"></span>歷任奧皇</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="编辑章节:歷任奧皇"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Austrian_imperial_crown_dsc02787.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Austrian_imperial_crown_dsc02787.jpg/200px-Austrian_imperial_crown_dsc02787.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Austrian_imperial_crown_dsc02787.jpg/300px-Austrian_imperial_crown_dsc02787.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Austrian_imperial_crown_dsc02787.jpg/400px-Austrian_imperial_crown_dsc02787.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1732" data-file-height="2416" /></a><figcaption>帝國皇冠,原為神聖羅馬皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%AF%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B)" class="mw-redirect" title="魯道夫二世 (神聖羅馬帝國)">魯道夫二世</a>的私人皇冠</figcaption></figure> <p>自<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%8C%A8%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD)" title="弗朗茨二世 (神圣罗马帝国)">弗朗茨</a>稱帝後,到1867年重組為<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%8C%88%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="奧匈帝國">奧匈帝國</a>共有3位君主。 </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%8C%A8%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD)" title="弗朗茨二世 (神圣罗马帝国)">弗朗茨一世</a>,在位1804年-1835年,英譯為<i>法蘭西斯</i>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%90%E8%BF%AA%E5%8D%97%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96_(%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D)" title="斐迪南一世 (奥地利皇帝)">斐迪南一世</a>,在位1835年-1848年。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%8C%A8%C2%B7%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="弗朗茨·约瑟夫一世">弗朗茨·約瑟夫一世</a>,在位1848年- 1867年,英譯為<i>法蘭西斯·約瑟夫</i>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span>參見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="编辑章节:參見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1-%E6%B4%9B%E6%9E%97%E7%9A%87%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="哈布斯堡-洛林皇朝">哈布斯堡-洛林皇朝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%8C%88%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="奥匈帝国">奥匈帝国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%9C%8B" title="哈布斯堡君主國">哈布斯堡君主國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E8%90%8A%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="內萊塔尼亞">內萊塔尼亞</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="编辑章节:参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brigitte Vacha, <i>Die Habsburger, Eine Europäische Familiengeschichte</i>, Sonderausgabe 1996, p. 413.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zeno.org/Pierer-1857/A/Serbische+Wojewodschaft+u.+Temeser+Banat">Serbische Wojewodschaft u. Temeser Banat (Wojewodschaft S. u. Temeser Banat)</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20221026041936/http://www.zeno.org/Pierer-1857/A/Serbische+Wojewodschaft+u.+Temeser+Banat">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>).</i> In: <i>Pierers Universal-Lexikon.</i> Band&#160;15. Altenburg 1862, S.&#160;883.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Die_Siegel_der_deutschen_Kaiser_und_K%C3%B6nige_Band_5/Beilagen#Beilage_3" class="extiw" title="s:Die Siegel der deutschen Kaiser und Könige Band 5/Beilagen">Bey der Niederlegung der kaiserlichen Reichs-Regierung</a>.</i> Dekret vom 6.&#160;August 1806. In: Otto Posse: <i>Die Siegel</i> Band 5, Beilage 3, S. 256&#160;ff. (auf Wikisource, Verkündung der neuen Titulatur als <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaiser_von_%C3%96sterreich&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaiser von Österreich(页面不存在)">Kaiser von Österreich</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hans-Erich Stier (dir.)&#160;: «&#160;<i><span lang="de">Westermann Grosser Atlas zur Weltgeschichte</span></i>&#160;», 1985, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61200749">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/3-14-100919-8" title="Special:网络书源/3-14-100919-8">3-14-100919-8</a>, pp. 130-131 et <a href="/w/index.php?title=On%C3%A9sime_Reclus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Onésime Reclus(页面不存在)">Onésime Reclus</a>&#160;: «&#160;<i>Grande Géographie Bong illustrée</i>&#160;», tome II, 1912.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Die_Siegel_der_deutschen_Kaiser_und_K%C3%B6nige_Band_5/Beilagen#Beilage_2" class="extiw" title="s:Die Siegel der deutschen Kaiser und Könige Band 5/Beilagen">Allerhöchste Pragmatikal-Verordnung vom 11. August 1804</a>.</i> In: Otto Posse: <i>Die Siegel der Deutschen Kaiser und Könige.</i> Band 5, Beilage 2, S. 249&#160;f. (auf <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>, Franz’ Proklamation des Kaisertums Österreich)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zahlen nach Angelow, <i>Deutscher Bund</i>, S. 117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zeno.org/Pierer-1857/A/Serbische+Wojewodschaft+u.+Temeser+Banat">Handelsbeziehungen zwischen Serbien und dem Kaiserreich Österreich</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20221026041936/http://www.zeno.org/Pierer-1857/A/Serbische+Wojewodschaft+u.+Temeser+Banat">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>).</i> In: <i>Pierers Universal-Lexikon.</i> Band&#160;15. Altenburg 1862, S.&#160;883.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Die besondere Doppelmonarchie Österreichs und der Nationalstaat des Deutschen Reiches, ein Vergleich der beiden Lände. Zahlen nach Angelow, <i>Deutscher Bund</i>, S. 117.</span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li>Lalor, John J. (Ed), 1881. <i>Encyclopædia of Political Science, Political Economy, and the Political History of the United States by the Best American and European Writers</i>. New York, NY: Maynard, Merrill, and Co.</li> <li>Manfred, Albert M., 1973. <i>Napoleon Bonaparte</i>. Prague, Czech Republic: Svoboda.</li> <li>Skřivan, Aleš, 1999. <i>European Politics 1648-1914</i> [Evropská politika 1648-1914]. Prague, Czech Republic: Aleš Skřivan.</li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E4%BC%A6%E7%91%9E%E5%85%8B%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="不伦瑞克公国">布藍茲維</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E6%B3%B0%E5%9B%A0%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="荷尔斯泰因公国">霍爾斯坦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD_(1839%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941867%E5%B9%B4)" title="林堡公国 (1839年—1867年)">林堡</a><small>(1839年-)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E9%A8%B7%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%8B" title="拿騷公國">拿索</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE-%E5%8B%9E%E6%81%A9%E5%A0%A1" title="薩克森-勞恩堡">薩克森-勞恩堡</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%8E%E5%B0%BC%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F" title="阿斯坎尼家族">阿斯坎尼</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="安哈尔特公国">安哈特</a><small>(1863年-)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9-%E8%B4%9D%E6%81%A9%E5%A0%A1" title="安哈尔特-贝恩堡">安哈特-貝恩堡</a><small>(-1863年)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9-%E5%BE%B7%E7%BB%8D" title="安哈尔特-德绍">安哈特-德紹</a><small>(-1863年)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9-%E5%85%8B%E6%BB%95" title="安哈尔特-克滕">安哈特-克滕</a><small>(-1847年)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%8B%E5%BB%B7%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E7%B3%BB%E8%AB%B8%E9%82%A6%E5%9C%8B" title="韋廷家族恩斯特系諸邦國">恩斯特</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE-%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E6%BB%95%E5%A0%A1" title="萨克森-阿尔滕堡">薩克森-阿爾滕堡</a><small>(1826年-)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE-%E7%A7%91%E5%A0%A1-%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94%E8%B4%B9%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7" title="萨克森-科堡-萨尔费尔德">薩克森-科堡-薩爾費爾德</a><small>(-1826年)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE-%E7%A7%91%E5%A0%A1-%E5%93%A5%E8%BE%BE" title="萨克森-科堡-哥达">薩克森-科堡-哥達</a><small>(1826年-)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE-%E5%93%A5%E8%BE%BE-%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E6%BB%95%E5%A0%A1" title="萨克森-哥达-阿尔滕堡">薩克森-哥達-阿爾滕堡</a><small>(-1826年)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE-%E5%B8%8C%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%A0%BC%E8%B1%AA%E6%A3%AE" title="萨克森-希尔德布格豪森">薩克森-希爾德布格豪森</a><small>(-1826年)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE-%E8%BF%88%E5%AE%81%E6%A0%B9" title="萨克森-迈宁根">薩克森-邁寧根</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">親王國/侯國</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE-%E6%B4%AA%E5%A0%A1" title="黑森-洪堡">黑森-洪堡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E6%94%AF%E6%95%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%99%BB" title="列支敦斯登">列支敦斯登</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E7%8F%80%E4%BA%B2%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="利珀亲王国">利珀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF-%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E8%A6%AA%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="羅伊斯-格拉親王國">羅伊斯-格拉(幼系)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF-%E6%A0%BC%E8%B3%B4%E8%8C%A8%E8%A6%AA%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="羅伊斯-格賴茨親王國">羅伊斯-格賴茨(長系)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B9%E5%A7%86%E5%A0%A1-%E5%88%A9%E7%8F%80%E8%A6%AA%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="紹姆堡-利珀親王國">紹姆堡-利珀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E7%93%A6%E8%8C%A8%E5%A0%A1%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F" title="施瓦茨堡家族">施瓦茨堡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E7%88%BE%E4%BB%A3%E5%85%8B%E5%92%8C%E7%9A%AE%E7%88%BE%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E8%A6%AA%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="瓦爾代克和皮爾蒙特親王國">瓦爾代克與皮爾蒙特</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E4%BA%A8%E7%B4%A2%E4%BC%A6%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="霍亨索伦王朝">霍亨索倫</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E4%BA%A8%E7%B4%A2%E5%80%AB-%E9%BB%91%E8%88%88%E6%A0%B9%E8%A6%AA%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="霍亨索倫-黑興根親王國">霍亨索倫-黑興根</a><small>(-1850年)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E4%BA%A8%E7%B4%A2%E4%BC%A6-%E9%94%A1%E6%A0%BC%E9%A9%AC%E6%9E%97%E6%A0%B9%E4%BE%AF%E5%9B%BD" title="霍亨索伦-锡格马林根侯国">霍亨索倫-希格瑪林根</a><small>(-1850年)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E7%93%A6%E8%8C%A8%E5%A0%A1%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F" title="施瓦茨堡家族">施瓦茨堡</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E7%93%A6%E8%8C%A8%E5%A0%A1-%E9%AD%AF%E5%A4%9A%E7%88%BE%E6%96%BD%E5%A1%94%E7%89%B9" title="施瓦茨堡-魯多爾施塔特">施瓦茨堡-魯多爾施塔特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E7%93%A6%E8%8C%A8%E5%A0%A1-%E6%9D%BE%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF%E8%B1%AA%E6%A3%AE" title="施瓦茨堡-松德斯豪森">施瓦茨堡-松德斯豪森</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">自由市</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E4%BE%86%E6%A2%85%E5%B7%9E" title="不來梅州">不來梅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%82" title="法蘭克福自由市">法蘭克福</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%A0%A1" title="汉堡">汉堡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%82%E8%B2%9D%E5%85%8B%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%B8%82" title="呂貝克自由市">呂貝克</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>德國行政區劃:<a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%9C%88" title="Template:神圣罗马帝国行政圈">神聖羅馬帝國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%8E%B1%E8%8C%B5%E9%82%A6%E8%81%94" title="Template:莱茵邦联">萊茵邦聯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%99%AE%E9%AD%AF%E5%A3%AB%E7%9A%84%E9%A0%98%E5%9C%9F%E8%88%87%E7%9C%81%E4%BB%BD" title="Template:普魯士的領土與省份">普魯士</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%A4%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0" title="Template:奧地利帝國皇室土地">奥地利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E9%82%A6%E8%81%94" title="Template:德意志邦联">德意志邦聯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%8C%97%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E9%82%A6%E8%81%AF%E6%88%90%E5%93%A1%E9%82%A6" title="Template:北德意志邦聯成員邦">北德意志邦聯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E5%90%84%E9%82%A6" title="Template:德意志帝國各邦">德意志帝國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%AD%8F%E7%8E%9B%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="Template:魏玛共和国行政区划">魏玛共和国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%BA%B3%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92%E5%8F%8A%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%8D%A0%E9%A2%86%E5%8C%BA" title="Template:纳粹德国行政区划及德国占领区">纳粹德国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%9B%9F%E5%9C%8B%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E4%BD%94%E9%A0%98%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%B7%9E" title="Template:盟國軍事佔領德國的州">軍事佔領</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Bezirke_DDR" title="Template:Bezirke DDR">民主德國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E5%B7%9E" title="Template:德國的聯邦州">聯邦德國</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&amp;#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&amp;#125;--&amp;#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&amp;#125;-_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131964#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&amp;#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&amp;#125;--&amp;#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&amp;#125;-_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131964#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131964#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">国际</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/265182984">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJd3PvYHjPFCW49gfkCYT3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12270768s">法国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12270768s">BnF data</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Rakousko (1804-1867)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=ge487178&amp;CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&amp;doc_number=000437633&amp;local_base=nsk10">克罗地亚</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Avstrijsko cesarstvo"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plus.cobiss.net/cobiss/si/en/conor/326758499">CONOR</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/031505961">IdRef</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="历史上的帝国与强权" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #CCCCCC;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="Template:帝国"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="Template talk:帝国"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:帝国"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="历史上的帝国与强权" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">历史上的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="帝国">帝国</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9B%BD" title="大国">强权</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCCC;">古代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCCC;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%9A%E5%8F%B2" title="东亚史">东亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E6%9C%9D" title="秦朝">秦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E5%A5%B4" title="匈奴">匈奴</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%9C%9D" title="汉朝">汉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="晋朝">晋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E5%AE%8B" title="刘宋">刘宋</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%AD%8F" title="北魏">北魏</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%94%E7%84%B6" title="柔然">柔然</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8F%A5%E4%B8%BD" title="高句丽">高句丽</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCCC;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A" title="南亚">南亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E9%9B%80%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="孔雀王朝">孔雀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%88%E5%A4%9A%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="笈多王朝">笈多</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%92%E6%97%A5%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="戒日王朝">戒日</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%B4%E9%9C%9C%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="貴霜帝國">贵霜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9A%88%E5%99%A0" title="嚈噠">嚈噠</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCCC;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="西亚">西亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%A1%E5%BE%B7%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="阿卡德帝国">阿卡德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E4%BA%9A%E8%BF%B0%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="新亚述帝国">亚述</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%B7%B4%E6%AF%94%E5%80%AB%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="新巴比倫王國">巴比伦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E6%A2%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="赫梯帝國">赫梯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%BA%95%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="米底王国">米底</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A5%91%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="阿契美尼德帝国">阿契美尼德(波斯第一)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A0%93%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="馬其頓王國">亚历山大</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%90%89%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="塞琉古帝国">塞琉古</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%81%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="安息帝国">安息</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E7%8F%8A%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="萨珊王朝">萨珊(波斯第二)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCCC;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%9E" title="北非">北非</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="新王國時期">埃及</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E5%8B%92%E5%AF%86%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="托勒密王國">托勒密</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E6%96%BD%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="庫施王國">库施</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E8%8B%8F%E5%A7%86%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="阿克苏姆帝国">阿克苏姆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%BF%A6%E5%A4%AA%E5%9F%BA" title="古迦太基">迦太基</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%93%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA" title="腓尼基">腓尼基</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCCC;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="羅馬帝國">罗马</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="西羅馬帝國">西罗马</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E4%BA%BA" title="匈人">匈人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="東羅馬帝國">拜占庭</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCCC;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="中部美洲">中部美洲</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%A5%A7%E8%92%82%E7%93%A6%E5%9D%8E" title="特奧蒂瓦坎">特奧蒂瓦坎</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCCC;">中世纪</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCCC;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%9A%E5%8F%B2" title="东亚史">东亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="隋朝">隋</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" title="突厥汗国">突厥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">唐</a><sup>1</sup>/<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%95%83" title="吐蕃">吐蕃</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E9%B9%98%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" title="回鹘汗国">回鶻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BD%E6%9C%9D" title="辽朝">大辽</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B" title="北宋">北宋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%9C%9D" title="金朝">大金</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%8B" title="南宋">南宋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="蒙古帝国">蒙古</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%9C%9D" title="元朝">大元</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D" title="明朝">大明</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCCC;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A" title="东南亚">东南亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%A3%89%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="高棉帝国">高棉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%BD%9B%E9%BD%90" title="三佛齐">三佛齐</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCCC;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A" title="南亚">南亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E7%BD%97%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="朱罗王朝">朱罗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9E%BF%E6%8A%98%E7%BD%97-%E6%99%AE%E8%85%8A%E8%92%82%E5%93%88%E8%85%8A%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="瞿折罗-普腊蒂哈腊王朝">瞿折罗-普腊蒂哈腊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="波罗王朝">波罗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%81%92%E4%BC%BD%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="东恒伽王朝">东恒伽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E8%98%87%E4%B8%B9%E5%9C%8B" title="德里蘇丹國">德里</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCCC;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A" title="中亚">中亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%BD%E5%AF%9F%E6%B1%97%E5%9C%8B" title="欽察汗國">钦察</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%9F%E5%90%88%E5%8F%B0%E6%B1%97%E5%9C%8B" title="察合台汗國">察合台</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCCC;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="西亚">西亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%9C%8B" title="哈里發國">阿拉伯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E7%BB%9F%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F" title="正统哈里发时期">正统哈里发</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AD%E9%A9%AC%E4%BA%9A%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="倭马亚王朝">倭马亚</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%94%E6%96%AF%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="阿拔斯王朝">阿拔斯</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%B8%8C%E7%88%BE%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="塔希爾王朝">塔希尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E6%9B%BC%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="薩曼王朝">萨曼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%9B%8A%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="白益王朝">白益</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E6%8B%89%E9%87%8C%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="萨拉里王朝">萨拉里</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%8A%E4%BA%9E%E7%88%BE%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="齊亞爾王朝">齐亚尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%85%B9%E5%B0%BC%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="加兹尼王朝">加兹尼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E6%9F%B1%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="塞尔柱帝国">塞尔柱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E5%89%8C%E5%AD%90%E6%A8%A1%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="花剌子模王朝">花剌子模</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%85%92%E6%B1%97%E5%9C%8B" title="伊兒汗國">伊儿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%96%E6%9C%A8%E5%84%BF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="帖木儿帝国">帖木儿</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCCC;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="東羅馬帝國">拜占庭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="拉丁帝国">拉丁</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="尼西亚帝国">尼西亚</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E6%AF%94%E6%9D%BE%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="特拉比松帝国">特拉比松</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="保加利亚第一帝国">保加利亚第一</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="保加利亚第二帝国">保加利亚第二</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="塞尔维亚帝国">塞尔维亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="法蘭西王國">法蘭西</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B4%9B%E6%9E%97%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="加洛林帝国">加洛林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="神圣罗马帝国">神圣罗马</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="北海帝國">北海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%8C%B9%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="安茹帝国">安茹</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCCC;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%9E" title="北非">北非</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E5%80%AD%E9%A9%AC%E4%BA%9A%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="后倭马亚王朝">科尔多巴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%92%82%E7%8E%9B%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="法蒂玛王朝">法蒂玛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%A4%E5%B8%83%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="阿尤布王朝">阿尤布</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="伊德里斯王朝">伊德里斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%8B%89%E6%AF%94%E7%89%B9%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="穆拉比特王朝">穆拉比特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%93%A6%E5%B8%8C%E5%BE%B7%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="穆瓦希德王朝">穆瓦希德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9E%97%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="马林王朝">马林</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCCC;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E9%9D%9E" title="东非">东非</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="索马里历史">索马里</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%9C%B1%E5%85%B0%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9%E5%9B%BD" title="阿朱兰苏丹国">阿居兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%B3%95%E7%89%B9%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9%E5%9B%BD" title="伊法特苏丹国">伊法特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9%E5%9B%BD" title="阿达尔苏丹国">阿达尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%8A%A0%E8%BF%AA%E6%B2%99%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9%E5%9B%BD" title="摩加迪沙苏丹国">摩加迪沙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E6%A1%91%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9%E5%9B%BD" title="瓦桑加利苏丹国">瓦桑加利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%A1%9E%E4%BF%84%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="埃塞俄比亚帝国">衣索比亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8E%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%B4%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="扎格维王朝">扎格维</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCCC;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="中部非洲">中部非洲</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E8%AF%BA%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="博诺帝国">博诺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B6%85%E5%A7%86%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="加涅姆帝國">加涅姆</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCCC;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%9D%9E" title="西非">西非</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9D%E5%AF%A7%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="貝寧帝國">贝宁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E7%B4%84%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="奧約帝國">奥约</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%91%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="桑海帝国">桑海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="马里帝国">马利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%A6%E7%B4%8D%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="迦納帝國">加纳</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCCC;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="中部美洲">中部美洲</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%85%B9%E7%89%B9%E5%85%8B%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="阿兹特克帝国">阿兹特克</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCCC;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="南美洲">南美洲</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="印加帝國">印加</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCCC;">近现代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCCC;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%9A%E5%8F%B2" title="东亚史">东亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">大清</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="中華帝國">中華</a><sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="大日本帝国">大日本</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="大韓帝國">大韩</a><sup>3</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCCC;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A" title="东南亚">东南亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%91%9C%E9%99%80%E8%80%B6%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="阿瑜陀耶王国">阿瑜陀耶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%90%81%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="東吁王朝">東吁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A1%E8%80%85%E4%BC%AF%E5%A4%B7" title="满者伯夷">满者伯夷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%B6%E8%90%8A%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="汶萊帝國">文莱</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCCC;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A" title="南亚">南亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E5%8D%A7%E5%84%BF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="莫卧儿帝国">蒙兀兒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%89%E5%A1%94%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="馬拉塔帝國">马拉塔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1%E5%85%8B%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="锡克帝国">锡克</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCCC;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="西亚">西亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="奥斯曼帝国">奥斯曼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E9%9D%9E%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="萨非王朝">萨非</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A4%AB%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%94%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="阿夫沙尔王朝">阿夫沙尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%91%E5%BE%B7%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="桑德王朝">桑德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E5%B4%87%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%8B" title="伊朗崇高國">伊朗崇高國</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%89%8E%E5%B0%94%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="卡扎尔王朝">卡扎尔</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="伊朗王國">伊朗王國</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%88%97%E7%BB%B4%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="巴列维王朝">巴列维</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCCC;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="葡萄牙帝國">葡萄牙</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="西班牙帝國">西班牙</a><sup>1、2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="荷蘭帝國">荷兰</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="大英帝国">英国</a><sup>1、2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="法蘭西王國">法兰西</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="法兰西第一帝国">法兰西第一</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="法蘭西第二帝國">法蘭西第二</a><sup>1、2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="法兰西第三共和国">法蘭西第三</a><sup>1、2</sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">奥地利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%8C%88%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="奥匈帝国">奥地利-匈牙利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="德意志帝國">德意志</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="納粹德國">納粹德國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="意大利殖民帝国">意大利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="比利時殖民地">比利时</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A5%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="丹麥殖民地">丹麦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="俄罗斯帝国">俄罗斯</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="瑞典帝國">瑞典</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCCC;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%9E" title="北非">北非</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E9%98%BF%E5%BE%B7%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="萨阿德王朝">萨阿德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="阿拉维王朝">阿拉维</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCCC;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E9%9D%9E" title="东非">东非</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%A1%9E%E4%BF%84%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="埃塞俄比亚帝国">衣索比亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="索马里历史">索马利亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92%E8%BF%AA%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9%E5%9B%BD" title="格勒迪苏丹国">格勒迪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%BB%B7%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9%E5%9B%BD" title="马吉尔廷苏丹国">马吉尔廷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E6%AF%94%E5%A5%A5%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9%E5%9B%BD" title="霍比奥苏丹国">奥比亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E7%88%BE%E7%B6%AD%E5%B8%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="德爾維希國">达维什</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCCC;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%9D%9E" title="西非">西非</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%95%A3%E8%92%82%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="阿散蒂王国">阿散蒂</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCCC;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="中部非洲">中部非洲</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%9D%9E%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="中非帝國">中非</a><sup>3</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCCC;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="中部美洲">中部美洲</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="墨西哥第一帝國">墨西哥第一</a><sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="墨西哥第二帝國">墨西哥第二</a><sup>3</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCCC;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="南美洲">南美洲</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="巴西帝國">巴西</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%B0%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="海地第一帝国">海地第一</a><sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%B0%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="海地第二帝國">海地第二</a><sup>3</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCCC;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B%E6%B4%B2" title="大洋洲">大洋洲</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E4%BC%8A%E6%B1%A4%E5%8A%A0%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="图伊汤加帝国">图伊汤加</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E6%B5%A6%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="雅浦帝国">雅浦</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCCC;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="殖民帝國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Colonial empire"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="殖民帝国">殖民</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonial_empire" class="extiw" title="en:Colonial empire"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Colonial empire</span></a></span>)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="美帝國主義">美國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="比利時殖民地">比利時</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="大英帝国">英國</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="英格兰殖民地">英格蘭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="苏格兰美洲殖民地">蘇格蘭</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A5%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="丹麥殖民地">丹麥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="荷蘭帝國">荷蘭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="法蘭西殖民帝國">法國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="德國殖民地">德國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="意大利殖民帝国">義大利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="日本殖民地">日本</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="阿曼帝國">阿曼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6" title="波蘭立陶宛聯邦">波蘭立陶宛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="葡萄牙帝國">葡萄牙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="西班牙帝國">西班牙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="瑞典殖民地">瑞典</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCCC;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E7%BA%A7%E5%A4%A7%E5%9B%BD" title="超级大国">超级大国</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E9%A0%98%E5%9C%9F%E6%93%B4%E5%BC%B5" title="美國領土擴張">美国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">苏联</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCCC;">列表</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="帝国列表">帝国</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="最大帝國列表">最大</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9B%BD" title="大国">现代前帝国</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #CCCCCC;"><div><sup>1</sup> 至今历史上出现过的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="最大帝國列表">幅员最广阔的十大政权</a>;<sup>2</sup> 广义上的「<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E4%B8%8D%E8%90%BD%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD#昔日其他殖民帝国和今日英法" title="日不落帝国">日不落帝国</a>」;<sup>3</sup> 国号中带「帝国」或推行「帝制」</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5bcbddc6db‐z5hbq Cached time: 20241127110144 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.211 seconds Real time usage: 1.487 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 17940/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 406391/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 29179/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 30/100 Expensive parser function count: 27/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 62266/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.547/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 24006411/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1138.019 1 -total 35.03% 398.699 5 Template:Infobox 32.56% 370.571 1 Template:Infobox_former_country 15.51% 176.559 33 Template:Lang 14.10% 160.415 33 Template:Category_handler 12.82% 145.914 2 Template:Expand_language 11.13% 126.696 2 Template:Ambox 9.11% 103.670 1 Template:奥地利历史 9.09% 103.413 33 Template:Category_handler/numbered 8.88% 101.073 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key zhwiki:pcache:103277:|#|:idhash:canonical!zh and timestamp 20241127110144 and revision id 85034387. 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