CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Linezolid - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"c6e69da9-e580-4520-a7ce-c9e7fe8a9b9b","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Linezolid","wgTitle":"Linezolid","wgCurRevisionId":1269000743,"wgRevisionId":1269000743,"wgArticleId":424464,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)","CS1 Portuguese-language sources (pt)","CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)","Wikipedia articles in need of updating from June 2020","All Wikipedia articles in need of updating","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from December 2018","Featured articles","ECHA InfoCard ID from Wikidata","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2009", "All articles containing potentially dated statements","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2007","Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate","2000 introductions","American inventions","Anti-tuberculosis drugs","Fluoroarenes","Hepatotoxins","Monoamine oxidase inhibitors","4-Morpholinyl compounds","Oxazolidinone antibiotics","Drugs developed by Pfizer","World Health Organization essential medicines"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Linezolid","wgRelevantArticleId":424464,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"}, "wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q411377","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready", "jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Linezolid.svg/1200px-Linezolid.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="608"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Linezolid.svg/800px-Linezolid.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="405"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Linezolid.svg/640px-Linezolid.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="324"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Linezolid - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linezolid"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Linezolid&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linezolid"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Linezolid rootpage-Linezolid skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages">Special pages</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Linezolid" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Linezolid" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Linezolid" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Linezolid" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Medical_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medical_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Medical uses </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Medical_uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Medical uses subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Medical_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Skin_and_soft_tissue_infections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skin_and_soft_tissue_infections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Skin and soft tissue infections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skin_and_soft_tissue_infections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pneumonia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pneumonia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Pneumonia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pneumonia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Other </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Infections_of_the_central_nervous_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infections_of_the_central_nervous_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.1 Infections of the central nervous system </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infections_of_the_central_nervous_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catheter-related_infections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catheter-related_infections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.2 Catheter-related infections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catheter-related_infections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specific_populations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specific_populations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Specific populations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specific_populations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spectrum_of_activity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spectrum_of_activity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Spectrum of activity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spectrum_of_activity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gram-negative_bacteria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gram-negative_bacteria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.1 Gram-negative bacteria </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gram-negative_bacteria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparable_antibiotics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparable_antibiotics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.2 Comparable antibiotics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparable_antibiotics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adverse_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adverse_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Adverse effects </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Adverse_effects-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Adverse effects subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Adverse_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Long-term_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Long-term_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Long-term use </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Long-term_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Interactions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pharmacology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pharmacology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Pharmacology </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pharmacology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Pharmacology subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Pharmacology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pharmacodynamics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pharmacodynamics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Pharmacodynamics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pharmacodynamics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pharmacokinetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pharmacokinetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Pharmacokinetics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pharmacokinetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chemistry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chemistry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Chemistry </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Chemistry-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Chemistry subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Chemistry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Synthesis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synthesis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Synthesis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synthesis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resistance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resistance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Resistance </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Resistance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Resistance subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Resistance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mechanism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mechanism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Mechanism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mechanism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 History </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Society_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Society_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Society and culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Society and culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Economics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Economics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brand_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brand_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Brand names </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brand_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Linezolid</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" > 32 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="لينيزوليد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لينيزوليد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="لینزولید – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لینزولید" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linesolid" title="Linesolid – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Linesolid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linezolid" title="Linezolid – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Linezolid" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linezolida" title="Linezolida – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Linezolida" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="لینزولید – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لینزولید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lin%C3%A9zolide" title="Linézolide – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Linézolide" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linezolid" title="Linezolid – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Linezolid" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EB%84%A4%EC%A1%B8%EB%A6%AC%EB%93%9C" title="리네졸리드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리네졸리드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linezolid" title="Linezolid – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Linezolid" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linezolid" title="Linezolid – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Linezolid" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%93" title="לינזוליד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לינזוליד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linezolid" title="Linezolid – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Linezolid" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Линезолид – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Линезолид" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%88%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="ലൈൻസോളിഡ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലൈൻസോളിഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%8D%E3%82%BE%E3%83%AA%E3%83%89" title="リネゾリド – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リネゾリド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A1" title="ଲିନେଜୋଲିଡ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଲିନେଜୋଲିଡ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linezolid" title="Linezolid – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Linezolid" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linezolida" title="Linezolida – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Linezolida" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linezolid" title="Linezolid – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Linezolid" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Линезолид – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Линезолид" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linezolid" title="Linezolid – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Linezolid" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linezolid" title="Linezolid – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Linezolid" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linezolid" title="Linezolid – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Linezolid" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linezolid" title="Linezolid – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Linezolid" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linetsolidi" title="Linetsolidi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Linetsolidi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linezolid" title="Linezolid – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Linezolid" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94" title="ไลนิโซลิด – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไลนิโซลิด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linezolid" title="Linezolid – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Linezolid" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B4" title="Лінезолід – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лінезолід" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linezolid" title="Linezolid – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Linezolid" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%88%E5%94%91%E8%83%BA" title="利奈唑胺 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="利奈唑胺" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q411377#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Linezolid" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Linezolid" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Linezolid">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linezolid&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linezolid&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Linezolid">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linezolid&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linezolid&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Linezolid" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Linezolid" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linezolid&oldid=1269000743" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linezolid&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Linezolid&id=1269000743&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLinezolid">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLinezolid">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Linezolid&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linezolid&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Linezolid" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q411377" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-featured-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles*" title="This is a featured article. Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Antibiotic medication</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Pharmaceutical compound</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1269284339">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .dark_mode_safe img{background-color:var(--background-color-inverted,#f8f9fa)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .dark_mode_safe img{background-color:var(--background-color-inverted,#f8f9fa)}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:2px;"><caption class="infobox-title">Linezolid</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Linezolid.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Skeletal formula of linezolid" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Linezolid.svg/220px-Linezolid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Linezolid.svg/330px-Linezolid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Linezolid.svg/440px-Linezolid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="385" data-file-height="195" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Linezolid-from-xtal-2008-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Linezolid-from-xtal-2008-3D-balls.png/220px-Linezolid-from-xtal-2008-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Linezolid-from-xtal-2008-3D-balls.png/330px-Linezolid-from-xtal-2008-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Linezolid-from-xtal-2008-3D-balls.png/440px-Linezolid-from-xtal-2008-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="446" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;">Clinical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/lɪˈnɛzəlɪd, -ˈneɪz-/</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Drug_nomenclature#Trade_names" title="Drug nomenclature">Trade names</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Zyvox, Zyvoxam, others</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Health-System_Pharmacists" title="American Society of Health-System Pharmacists">AHFS</a>/<a href="/wiki/Drugs.com" title="Drugs.com">Drugs.com</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/monograph/linezolid.html">Monograph</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a602004.html">a602004</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">License data</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><abbr class="country-name" title="United States">US</abbr> <a href="/wiki/DailyMed" title="DailyMed">DailyMed</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=Linezolid">Linezolid</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_category" title="Pregnancy category">Pregnancy category</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><abbr class="country-name" title="Australia">AU</abbr>: B3<a href="#cite_note-Drugs.com_pregnancy-1">[1]</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Route_of_administration" title="Route of administration">Routes of administration</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Intravenous_therapy" title="Intravenous therapy">Intravenous infusion</a>, <a href="/wiki/By_mouth" class="mw-redirect" title="By mouth">by mouth</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Drug_class" title="Drug class">Drug class</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oxazolidinone" title="Oxazolidinone">Oxazolidinone</a> antibiotic</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_Therapeutic_Chemical_Classification_System" title="Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System">ATC code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATC_code_J01" title="ATC code J01">J01XX08</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01XX08">WHO</a>) </li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;">Legal status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">Legal status</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><abbr class="country-name" title="Australia">AU</abbr>: <a href="/wiki/Standard_for_the_Uniform_Scheduling_of_Medicines_and_Poisons#Schedule_4" title="Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons">S4</a> (Prescription only)<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></li> <li><abbr class="country-name" title="Canada">CA</abbr>: <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug"> ℞-only</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></li> <li><abbr class="country-name" title="United Kingdom">UK</abbr>: <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug">POM</a> (Prescription only)<a href="#cite_note-Zyvox_SPC-7">[7]</a></li> <li><abbr class="country-name" title="United States">US</abbr>: <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug">℞-only</a><a href="#cite_note-Zyvox_FDA_label-8">[8]</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Pharmacokinetics" title="Pharmacokinetics">Pharmacokinetic</a> data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Bioavailability" title="Bioavailability">Bioavailability</a></th><td class="infobox-data">~100% (oral)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Plasma_protein_binding" title="Plasma protein binding">Protein binding</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Low (31%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Drug_metabolism" title="Drug metabolism">Metabolism</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">Liver</a> (50–70%, <a href="/wiki/Cytochrome_P450" title="Cytochrome P450">CYP</a> not involved)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Biological_half-life" title="Biological half-life">Elimination half-life</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3–7 hours;<a href="#cite_note-Roger2018-9">[9]</a> longer half-life in <a href="/wiki/Cerebrospinal_fluid" title="Cerebrospinal fluid">CSF</a> than <a href="/wiki/Blood_plasma" title="Blood plasma">plasma</a><a href="#cite_note-Roger2018-9">[9]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Excretion" title="Excretion">Excretion</a></th><td class="infobox-data">non-kidney, <a href="/wiki/Kidney" title="Kidney">kidney</a>, and fecal<a href="#cite_note-AHFS2016-10">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_chemistry" title="IUPAC nomenclature of chemistry">IUPAC name</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; text-indent:-1.5em;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="font-size: 97%;">(S)-N-({3-[3-fluoro-4-(morpholin-4-yl)phenyl]-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-5-yl}methyl)acetamide</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=165800-03-3">165800-03-3</a> <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem#CID" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/441401">441401</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/DrugBank" title="DrugBank">DrugBank</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00601">DB00601</a> <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.390139.html">390139</a> <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier">UNII</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/ISQ9I6J12J">ISQ9I6J12J</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D00947">D00947</a> <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChEBI" title="ChEBI">ChEBI</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:63607">CHEBI:63607</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChEMBL" title="ChEMBL">ChEMBL</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/ChEMBL126">ChEMBL126</a> <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/NIAID_ChemDB" title="NIAID ChemDB">NIAID ChemDB</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemdb.niaid.nih.gov/CompoundDetails.aspx?AIDSNO=070944">070944</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB ligand</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>ZLD (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe-srv/PDBeXplore/ligand/?ligand=ZLD">PDBe</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/ligand/ZLD">RCSB PDB</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard" title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard">CompTox Dashboard</a> (<abbr title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</abbr>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5046489">DTXSID5046489</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411377#P3117" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ECHA_InfoCard" class="mw-redirect" title="ECHA InfoCard">ECHA InfoCard</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.121.520">100.121.520</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411377#P2566" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;">Chemical and physical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Formula</a></th><td class="infobox-data">C16H20FN3O4</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a></th><td class="infobox-data">337.351 g·mol−1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;">3D model (<a href="/wiki/JSmol" class="mw-redirect" title="JSmol">JSmol</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=O%3DC1O%5BC%40%40H%5D%28CNC%28%3DO%29C%29CN1c3cc%28F%29c%28N2CCOCC2%29cc3">Interactive image</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system">SMILES</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">O=C1O[C@@H](CNC(=O)C)CN1c3cc(F)c(N2CCOCC2)cc3</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/C16H20FN3O4/c1-11(21)18-9-13-10-20(16(22)24-13)12-2-3-15(14(17)8-12)19-4-6-23-7-5-19/h2-3,8,13H,4-7,9-10H2,1H3,(H,18,21)/t13-/m0/s1 <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key:TYZROVQLWOKYKF-ZDUSSCGKSA-N <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>  <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&rev1=850189766&page2=Linezolid">(verify)</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Linezolid is an <a href="/wiki/Antibiotic" title="Antibiotic">antibiotic</a> used for the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Infection" title="Infection">infections</a> caused by <a href="/wiki/Gram-positive_bacteria" title="Gram-positive bacteria">Gram-positive bacteria</a> that are <a href="/wiki/Antibiotic_resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Antibiotic resistance">resistant</a> to other antibiotics.<a href="#cite_note-Roger2018-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2016-10">[10]</a> Linezolid is active against most Gram-positive bacteria that cause disease, including <a href="/wiki/Streptococcus" title="Streptococcus">streptococci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vancomycin-resistant_enterococcus" class="mw-redirect" title="Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus">vancomycin-resistant enterococci</a> (VRE), and <a href="/wiki/Methicillin-resistant_Staphylococcus_aureus" title="Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus">methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus</a> (MRSA).<a href="#cite_note-Roger2018-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Zyvox_FDA_label-8">[8]</a> The main uses are infections of the <a href="/wiki/Skin" title="Skin">skin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a> although it may be used for a variety of other infections including <a href="/wiki/Drug-resistant_tuberculosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug-resistant tuberculosis">drug-resistant tuberculosis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AHFS2016-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-WHO2015Use-11">[11]</a> It is used either by <a href="/wiki/Intravenous" class="mw-redirect" title="Intravenous">injection into a vein</a> or <a href="/wiki/By_mouth" class="mw-redirect" title="By mouth">by mouth</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AHFS2016-10">[10]</a> When given for short periods, linezolid is a relatively safe antibiotic.<a href="#cite_note-Marino2007-12">[12]</a> It can be used in people of all ages and in people with <a href="/wiki/Liver_disease" title="Liver disease">liver disease</a> or <a href="/wiki/Renal_failure" class="mw-redirect" title="Renal failure">poor kidney function</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AHFS2016-10">[10]</a> Common side effects with short-term use include <a href="/wiki/Headache" title="Headache">headache</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diarrhea" title="Diarrhea">diarrhea</a>, rash, and <a href="/wiki/Nausea" title="Nausea">nausea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AHFS2016-10">[10]</a> Serious side effects may include <a href="/wiki/Serotonin_syndrome" title="Serotonin syndrome">serotonin syndrome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bone_marrow_suppression" title="Bone marrow suppression">bone marrow suppression</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lactic_acidosis" title="Lactic acidosis">high blood lactate levels</a>, particularly when used for more than two weeks.<a href="#cite_note-AHFS2016-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-SFX2016-13">[13]</a> If used for longer periods it may cause <a href="/wiki/Chemotherapy-induced_peripheral_neuropathy" title="Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy">nerve damage</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Optic_neuropathy" title="Optic neuropathy">optic nerve damage</a>, which may be irreversible.<a href="#cite_note-SFX2016-13">[13]</a> As a <a href="/wiki/Protein_synthesis_inhibitor" title="Protein synthesis inhibitor">protein synthesis inhibitor</a>, linezolid works by suppressing <a href="/wiki/Bacterial_translation" title="Bacterial translation">bacterial protein production</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Swaney1998-14">[14]</a> This either <a href="/wiki/Bacteriostatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacteriostatic">stops growth</a> or results in <a href="/wiki/Bactericidal" class="mw-redirect" title="Bactericidal">bacterial death</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AHFS2016-10">[10]</a> Although many antibiotics work this way, the exact <a href="/wiki/Mechanism_of_action" title="Mechanism of action">mechanism of action</a> of linezolid appears to be unique in that it blocks the initiation of protein production, rather than one of the later steps.<a href="#cite_note-Swaney1998-14">[14]</a> As of 2014, <a href="/wiki/Bacterial_resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacterial resistance">bacterial resistance</a> to linezolid has remained low.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Linezolid is a member of the <a href="/wiki/2-Oxazolidone" class="mw-redirect" title="2-Oxazolidone">oxazolidinone</a> class of medications.<a href="#cite_note-AHFS2016-10">[10]</a> Linezolid was discovered in the mid-1990s, and was approved for commercial use in 2000.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> It is on the <a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WHO23rd-18">[18]</a> The World Health Organization classifies linezolid as critically important for human medicine.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Linezolid is available as a <a href="/wiki/Generic_medication" class="mw-redirect" title="Generic medication">generic medication</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AHFS2016-10">[10]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medical_uses">Medical uses</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Linezolid&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Medical uses">edit</a>]</div> The main use of linezolid is the treatment of severe infections caused by <a href="/wiki/Aerobic_organism" title="Aerobic organism">aerobic</a> <a href="/wiki/Gram-positive_bacteria" title="Gram-positive bacteria">Gram-positive bacteria</a> that are <a href="/wiki/Antibiotic_resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Antibiotic resistance">resistant</a> to other antibiotics; it should not be used against bacteria that are sensitive to drugs with a narrower spectrum of activity, such as <a href="/wiki/Penicillin" title="Penicillin">penicillins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cephalosporin" title="Cephalosporin">cephalosporins</a>. In both the popular press and the scientific literature, linezolid has been called a "reserve antibiotic"—one that should be used sparingly so that it will remain effective as a <a href="/wiki/Drug_of_last_resort" title="Drug of last resort">drug of last resort</a> against potentially intractable infections.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wilson-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bozdogan-22">[22]</a> In the United States, the indications for linezolid use approved by the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA) are the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Vancomycin-resistant_Enterococcus" title="Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus">vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus</a> <a href="/wiki/Enterococcus_faecium" title="Enterococcus faecium">faecium</a> <a href="/wiki/Infections" class="mw-redirect" title="Infections">infections</a>, with or without <a href="/wiki/Bacteremia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacteremia">bacterial invasion of the bloodstream</a>; <a href="/wiki/Nosocomial_pneumonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nosocomial pneumonia">nosocomial pneumonia</a> (hospital-acquired) and <a href="/wiki/Community-acquired_pneumonia" title="Community-acquired pneumonia">community-acquired pneumonia</a> caused by S. aureus or S. pneumoniae; <a href="/wiki/Complicated_skin_and_skin_structure_infection" class="mw-redirect" title="Complicated skin and skin structure infection">complicated skin and skin structure infections</a> (cSSSI) caused by susceptible bacteria, including <a href="/wiki/Diabetic_foot" title="Diabetic foot">diabetic foot</a> infection, unless complicated by <a href="/wiki/Osteomyelitis" title="Osteomyelitis">osteomyelitis</a> (infection of the bone and bone marrow); and uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections caused by S. pyogenes or S. aureus.<a href="#cite_note-Zyvox_FDA_label-8">[8]</a> The manufacturer advises against the use of linezolid for community-acquired pneumonia or uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections caused by MRSA.<a href="#cite_note-Zyvox_FDA_label-8">[8]</a> In the United Kingdom, pneumonia and cSSSIs are the only indications noted in the product labeling.<a href="#cite_note-Zyvox_SPC-7">[7]</a> Linezolid appears to be as safe and effective for use in children and newborns as it is in adults.<a href="#cite_note-Herrmann-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Skin_and_soft_tissue_infections">Skin and soft tissue infections</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Linezolid&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Skin and soft tissue infections">edit</a>]</div> A large <a href="/wiki/Meta-analysis" title="Meta-analysis">meta-analysis</a> of randomized controlled trials found linezolid to be more effective than glycopeptide antibiotics (such as vancomycin and <a href="/wiki/Teicoplanin" title="Teicoplanin">teicoplanin</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Beta-lactam_antibiotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-lactam antibiotic">beta-lactam antibiotics</a> in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) caused by Gram-positive bacteria,<a href="#cite_note-Falagas2008-24">[24]</a> and smaller studies appear to confirm its superiority over teicoplanin in the treatment of all serious Gram-positive infections.<a href="#cite_note-Tascini-25">[25]</a> In the treatment of diabetic foot infections, linezolid appears to be cheaper and more effective than vancomycin.<a href="#cite_note-Chow-26">[26]</a> In a 2004 <a href="/wiki/Open-label_study" class="mw-redirect" title="Open-label study">open-label study</a>, it was as effective as <a href="/wiki/Ampicillin/sulbactam" title="Ampicillin/sulbactam">ampicillin/sulbactam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amoxicillin/clavulanic_acid" title="Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid">amoxicillin/clavulanic acid</a>, and far superior in patients with foot ulcers and no <a href="/wiki/Osteomyelitis" title="Osteomyelitis">osteomyelitis</a>, but with significantly higher rates of adverse effects.<a href="#cite_note-Lipsky-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pigrau-28">[28]</a> A 2008 meta-analysis of 18 randomized controlled trials, however, found that linezolid treatment failed as often as other antibiotics, regardless of whether patients had osteomyelitis.<a href="#cite_note-Vardakas-29">[29]</a> Some authors have recommended that combinations of cheaper or more cost-effective drugs (such as <a href="/wiki/Co-trimoxazole" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-trimoxazole">co-trimoxazole</a> with <a href="/wiki/Rifampicin" title="Rifampicin">rifampicin</a> or <a href="/wiki/Clindamycin" title="Clindamycin">clindamycin</a>) be tried before linezolid in the treatment of SSTIs when susceptibility of the causative organism allows it.<a href="#cite_note-Pigrau-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pneumonia">Pneumonia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Linezolid&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pneumonia">edit</a>]</div> No significant difference appears in treatment success rates between linezolid, glycopeptides, or appropriate beta-lactam antibiotics in the treatment of pneumonia.<a href="#cite_note-Falagas2008-24">[24]</a> <a href="/wiki/Medical_guideline" title="Medical guideline">Clinical guidelines</a> for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia developed by the <a href="/wiki/American_Thoracic_Society" title="American Thoracic Society">American Thoracic Society</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Infectious_Diseases_Society_of_America" title="Infectious Diseases Society of America">Infectious Diseases Society of America</a> recommend that linezolid be reserved for cases in which MRSA has been confirmed as the causative organism, or when MRSA infection is suspected based on the clinical presentation.<a href="#cite_note-USCAPGuidelines-31">[31]</a> The guidelines of the <a href="/wiki/British_Thoracic_Society" title="British Thoracic Society">British Thoracic Society</a> do not recommend it as first-line treatment, but rather as an alternative to vancomycin.<a href="#cite_note-BTSCAPGuidelines-32">[32]</a> Linezolid is also an acceptable second-line treatment for community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia when penicillin resistance is present.<a href="#cite_note-USCAPGuidelines-31">[31]</a> U.S. guidelines recommend either linezolid or vancomycin as the first-line treatment for hospital-acquired (nosocomial) MRSA pneumonia.<a href="#cite_note-USHAPGuideline-33">[33]</a> Some studies have suggested that linezolid is better than vancomycin against nosocomial pneumonia, particularly <a href="/wiki/Ventilator-associated_pneumonia" title="Ventilator-associated pneumonia">ventilator-associated pneumonia</a> caused by MRSA, perhaps because the penetration of linezolid into bronchial fluids is much higher than that of vancomycin. Several issues in study design have been raised, however, calling into question results that suggest the superiority of linezolid.<a href="#cite_note-Pigrau-28">[28]</a> Regardless, linezolid's advantages include its high <a href="/wiki/Oral_bioavailability" class="mw-redirect" title="Oral bioavailability">oral bioavailability</a>—which allows easy switching to oral therapy—and the fact that poor kidney function is not an obstacle to use.<a href="#cite_note-USHAPGuideline-33">[33]</a> In contrast, achieving the correct dosage of vancomycin in patients with <a href="/wiki/Kidney_failure" title="Kidney failure">kidney failure</a> is very difficult.<a href="#cite_note-USHAPGuideline-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Linezolid&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Endocarditis_ultrasound.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Side-by-side echocardiogram cross-sections of a human heart. In the second image a white arrow points at a mass on the tricuspid valve." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Endocarditis_ultrasound.JPG/220px-Endocarditis_ultrasound.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Endocarditis_ultrasound.JPG/330px-Endocarditis_ultrasound.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Endocarditis_ultrasound.JPG/440px-Endocarditis_ultrasound.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2091" data-file-height="1425" /></a><figcaption>This <a href="/wiki/Echocardiography" title="Echocardiography">echocardiogram</a> shows vegetations on the <a href="/wiki/Tricuspid_valve" title="Tricuspid valve">tricuspid valve</a> (white arrow) caused by infective endocarditis. The patient received conventional treatment, with <a href="/wiki/Ampicillin" title="Ampicillin">ampicillin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imipenem" title="Imipenem">imipenem</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Glucocorticoid" title="Glucocorticoid">glucocorticoids</a>, and recovered fully after heart surgery.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></figcaption></figure> It is traditionally believed that so-called "deep" infections—such as osteomyelitis or <a href="/wiki/Infective_endocarditis" title="Infective endocarditis">infective endocarditis</a>—should be treated with bactericidal antibiotics, not bacteriostatic ones. Nevertheless, preclinical studies were conducted to assess the efficacy of linezolid for these infections,<a href="#cite_note-Barbachyn-35">[35]</a> and the drug has been used successfully to treat them in clinical practice. Linezolid appears to be a reasonable therapeutic option for infective endocarditis caused by multi-resistant Gram-positive bacteria, despite a lack of high-quality evidence to support this use.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-Falagas-37">[37]</a> Results in the treatment of enterococcal endocarditis have varied, with some cases treated successfully and others not responding to therapy.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> <a href="/wiki/Evidence-based_medicine#Assessing_the_quality_of_evidence" title="Evidence-based medicine">Low- to medium-quality evidence</a> is also mounting for its use in bone and joint infections, including chronic osteomyelitis, although adverse effects are a significant concern when long-term use is necessary.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> In combination with other drugs, linezolid has been used to <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis_treatment" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuberculosis treatment">treat tuberculosis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Lippea2006-50">[50]</a> The optimal dose for this purpose has not been established. In adults, daily and twice-daily dosing have been used to good effect. Many months of treatment are often required, and the rate of adverse effects is high regardless of dosage.<a href="#cite_note-Park2006-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> There is not enough reliable evidence of efficacy and safety to support this indication as a routine use.<a href="#cite_note-Herrmann-23">[23]</a> Linezolid has been studied as an alternative to vancomycin in the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Febrile_neutropenia" title="Febrile neutropenia">febrile neutropenia</a> in cancer patients when Gram-positive infection is suspected.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> It is also one of few antibiotics that diffuse into the <a href="/wiki/Vitreous_humor" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitreous humor">vitreous humor</a>, and may therefore be effective in treating <a href="/wiki/Endophthalmitis" title="Endophthalmitis">endophthalmitis</a> (inflammation of the inner linings and cavities of the eye) caused by susceptible bacteria. Again, there is little evidence for its use in this setting, as infectious endophthalmitis is treated widely and effectively with vancomycin <a href="/wiki/Intravitreal_administration" title="Intravitreal administration">injected directly into the eye</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Pigrau-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Infections_of_the_central_nervous_system">Infections of the central nervous system</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Linezolid&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Infections of the central nervous system">edit</a>]</div> In animal studies of <a href="/wiki/Meningitis" title="Meningitis">meningitis</a> caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, linezolid was found to penetrate well into <a href="/wiki/Cerebrospinal_fluid" title="Cerebrospinal fluid">cerebrospinal fluid</a>, but its effectiveness was inferior to that of other antibiotics.<a href="#cite_note-Moellering-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> There does not appear to be enough high-quality evidence to support the routine use of linezolid to treat bacterial meningitis. Nonetheless, it has been used successfully in many cases of <a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system">central nervous system</a> infection—including meningitis—caused by susceptible bacteria, and has also been suggested as a reasonable choice for this indication when treatment options are limited or when other antibiotics have failed.<a href="#cite_note-Sabbatani-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> The guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Society of America recommend linezolid as the first-line drug of choice for VRE meningitis, and as an alternative to vancomycin for MRSA meningitis.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Linezolid appears superior to vancomycin in treating community-acquired MRSA infections of the central nervous system, although very few cases of such infections have been published (as of 2009<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linezolid&action=edit">[update]</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Naesens-59">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Catheter-related_infections">Catheter-related infections</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Linezolid&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Catheter-related infections">edit</a>]</div> In March 2007, the FDA reported the results of a <a href="/wiki/Randomized_controlled_trial" title="Randomized controlled trial">randomized</a>, <a href="/wiki/Open-label_trial" title="Open-label trial">open-label</a>, phase III clinical trial comparing linezolid to vancomycin in the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Central_venous_catheter#Infection" title="Central venous catheter">catheter-related bloodstream infections</a>. Patients treated with vancomycin could be switched to <a href="/wiki/Oxacillin" title="Oxacillin">oxacillin</a> or <a href="/wiki/Dicloxacillin" title="Dicloxacillin">dicloxacillin</a> if the bacteria that caused their infection was found to be susceptible, and patients in both groups (linezolid and vancomycin) could receive specific treatment against Gram-negative bacteria if necessary.<a href="#cite_note-CRBSI-60">[60]</a> The study itself was published in January 2009.<a href="#cite_note-Wilcox-61">[61]</a> Linezolid was associated with <a href="/wiki/Statistical_significance" title="Statistical significance">significantly</a> greater mortality than the comparator antibiotics. When data from all participants were pooled, the study found that 21.5% of those given linezolid died, compared to 16% of those not receiving it. The difference was found to be due to the inferiority of linezolid in the treatment of Gram-negative infections alone or mixed Gram-negative/Gram-positive infections. In participants whose infection was due to Gram-positive bacteria alone, linezolid was as safe and effective as vancomycin.<a href="#cite_note-CRBSI-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wilcox-61">[61]</a> In light of these results, the FDA issued an alert reminding healthcare professionals that linezolid is not approved for the treatment of catheter-related infections or infections caused by Gram-negative organisms, and that more appropriate therapy should be instituted whenever a Gram-negative infection is confirmed or suspected.<a href="#cite_note-CRBSI-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Specific_populations">Specific populations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Linezolid&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Specific populations">edit</a>]</div> In adults and children over the age of 12, linezolid is usually given every 12 hours, whether orally or intravenously.<a href="#cite_note-Moellering-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-American_Family_Physician-62">[62]</a> In younger children and infants, it is given every eight hours.<a href="#cite_note-Buck-63">[63]</a> No dosage adjustments are required in the elderly, in people with mild-to-moderate liver failure, or in those with impaired kidney function.<a href="#cite_note-Lexi-Comp-64">[64]</a> In people requiring <a href="/wiki/Hemodialysis" title="Hemodialysis">hemodialysis</a>, care should be taken to give linezolid after a session, because dialysis removes 30–40% of a dose from the body; no dosage adjustments are needed in people undergoing <a href="/wiki/Hemofiltration" title="Hemofiltration">continuous hemofiltration</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Lexi-Comp-64">[64]</a> although more frequent administration may be warranted in some cases.<a href="#cite_note-Herrmann-23">[23]</a> According to one study, linezolid may need to be given more frequently than normal in people with <a href="/wiki/Burn" title="Burn">burns</a> affecting more than 20% of <a href="/wiki/Total_body_surface_area" title="Total body surface area">body area</a>, due to increased nonrenal clearance of the drug.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Linezolid is in U.S. <a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_category" title="Pregnancy category">pregnancy category</a> C, meaning there have been no adequate studies of its safety when used by pregnant women, and although animal studies have shown mild toxicity to the fetus, the benefits of using the drug may outweigh its risks.<a href="#cite_note-Zyvox_FDA_label-8">[8]</a> It also passes into <a href="/wiki/Breast_milk" title="Breast milk">breast milk</a>, although the clinical significance of this (if any) is unknown.<a href="#cite_note-InfectiousDiseases-66">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spectrum_of_activity">Spectrum of activity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Linezolid&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Spectrum of activity">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Vancomycin-Resistant_Enterococcus_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Black and white micrograph: a band of sphere-shaped bacteria, clustered in pairs, extends across a gray field." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Vancomycin-Resistant_Enterococcus_01.jpg/200px-Vancomycin-Resistant_Enterococcus_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Vancomycin-Resistant_Enterococcus_01.jpg/300px-Vancomycin-Resistant_Enterococcus_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Vancomycin-Resistant_Enterococcus_01.jpg/400px-Vancomycin-Resistant_Enterococcus_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2838" data-file-height="1910" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:CDC-10046-MRSA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Colorized micrograph: sphere-shaped bacteria clustered in grape-like bunches." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/CDC-10046-MRSA.jpg/200px-CDC-10046-MRSA.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/CDC-10046-MRSA.jpg/300px-CDC-10046-MRSA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/CDC-10046-MRSA.jpg/400px-CDC-10046-MRSA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2835" data-file-height="1927" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Scanning_electron_microscopy" class="mw-redirect" title="Scanning electron microscopy">Scanning electron micrographs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vancomycin-resistant_enterococcus" class="mw-redirect" title="Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus">vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus</a> (top) and <a href="/wiki/Methicillin-resistant_Staphylococcus_aureus" title="Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus">methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus</a> (bottom; false colors)</div></div></div></div> Linezolid is effective against all clinically important Gram-positive <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacteria</a>—those whose <a href="/wiki/Cell_wall" title="Cell wall">cell wall</a> contains a thick layer of <a href="/wiki/Peptidoglycan" title="Peptidoglycan">peptidoglycan</a> and no <a href="/wiki/Bacterial_outer_membrane" title="Bacterial outer membrane">outer membrane</a>—notably <a href="/wiki/Enterococcus_faecium" title="Enterococcus faecium">Enterococcus faecium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Enterococcus_faecalis" title="Enterococcus faecalis">Enterococcus faecalis</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Vancomycin-resistant_enterococcus" class="mw-redirect" title="Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus">vancomycin-resistant enterococci</a>), Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA), <a href="/wiki/Streptococcus_agalactiae" title="Streptococcus agalactiae">Streptococcus agalactiae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Streptococcus_pneumoniae" title="Streptococcus pneumoniae">Streptococcus pneumoniae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Streptococcus_pyogenes" title="Streptococcus pyogenes">Streptococcus pyogenes</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Streptococcus#Viridans_and_others" title="Streptococcus">viridans group streptococci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Listeria_monocytogenes" title="Listeria monocytogenes">Listeria monocytogenes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Corynebacterium" title="Corynebacterium">Corynebacterium</a> species (the latter being among the most susceptible to linezolid, with <a href="/wiki/Minimum_inhibitory_concentration" title="Minimum inhibitory concentration">minimum inhibitory concentrations</a> routinely below 0.5 mg/L).<a href="#cite_note-Zyvox_FDA_label-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Moellering-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jones-67">[67]</a> Linezolid is also highly active <a href="/wiki/In_vitro" title="In vitro">in vitro</a> against several <a href="/wiki/Mycobacterium" title="Mycobacterium">mycobacteria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Moellering-54">[54]</a> It appears to be very effective against <a href="/wiki/Nocardia" title="Nocardia">Nocardia</a>, but because of high cost and potentially serious adverse effects, authors have recommended that it be combined with other antibiotics or reserved for cases that have failed traditional treatment.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Linezolid is considered <a href="/wiki/Bacteriostatic_agent" title="Bacteriostatic agent">bacteriostatic</a> against most organisms—that is, it stops their growth and reproduction without actually killing them—but has some <a href="/wiki/Bactericide" title="Bactericide">bactericidal</a> (killing) activity against streptococci.<a href="#cite_note-Zyvox_FDA_label-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-DrugTherPerspect-69">[69]</a> Some authors have noted that, despite its bacteriostatic effect in vitro, linezolid "behaves" as a bactericidal antibiotic in vivo because it inhibits the production of <a href="/wiki/Exotoxin" title="Exotoxin">toxins</a> by staphylococci and streptococci.<a href="#cite_note-Barbachyn-35">[35]</a> It also has a <a href="/wiki/Antimicrobial_pharmacodynamics" title="Antimicrobial pharmacodynamics">post-antibiotic effect</a> lasting one to four hours for most bacteria, meaning that bacterial growth is temporarily suppressed even after the drug is discontinued.<a href="#cite_note-Herrmann-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gram-negative_bacteria">Gram-negative bacteria</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Linezolid&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Gram-negative bacteria">edit</a>]</div> Linezolid has no clinically significant effect on most <a href="/wiki/Gram-negative_bacteria" title="Gram-negative bacteria">Gram-negative bacteria</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pseudomonas" title="Pseudomonas">Pseudomonas</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Enterobacteriaceae" title="Enterobacteriaceae">Enterobacteriaceae</a>, for instance, are not susceptible.<a href="#cite_note-DrugTherPerspect-69">[69]</a> In vitro, it is active against <a href="/wiki/Pasteurella_multocida" title="Pasteurella multocida">Pasteurella multocida</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Zyvox_FDA_label-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> <a href="/wiki/Fusobacterium" title="Fusobacterium">Fusobacterium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moraxella_catarrhalis" title="Moraxella catarrhalis">Moraxella catarrhalis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legionella" title="Legionella">Legionella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bordetella" title="Bordetella">Bordetella</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Elizabethkingia_meningoseptica" title="Elizabethkingia meningoseptica">Elizabethkingia meningoseptica</a>, and moderately active (having a minimum inhibitory concentration for 90% of strains of 8 mg/L) against <a href="/wiki/Haemophilus_influenzae" title="Haemophilus influenzae">Haemophilus influenzae</a>.<a href="#cite_note-InfectiousDiseases-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-DrugTherPerspect-69">[69]</a> It has also been used to great effect as a second-line treatment for <a href="/wiki/Capnocytophaga" title="Capnocytophaga">Capnocytophaga</a> infections.<a href="#cite_note-Sabbatani-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Comparable_antibiotics">Comparable antibiotics</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Linezolid&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Comparable antibiotics">edit</a>]</div> Linezolid's spectrum of activity against Gram-positive bacteria is similar to that of the <a href="/wiki/Glycopeptide_antibiotic" title="Glycopeptide antibiotic">glycopeptide antibiotic</a> <a href="/wiki/Vancomycin" title="Vancomycin">vancomycin</a>, which has long been the standard for treatment of MRSA infections, and the two drugs are often compared.<a href="#cite_note-Marino2007-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-Herrmann-23">[23]</a> Other comparable antibiotics include glycopeptide antibiotics such as <a href="/wiki/Teicoplanin" title="Teicoplanin">teicoplanin</a> (trade name Targocid), <a href="/wiki/Dalbavancin" title="Dalbavancin">dalbavancin</a> (Dalvance), <a href="/wiki/Oritavancin" title="Oritavancin">oritavancin</a> (Orbactiv), and <a href="/wiki/Telavancin" title="Telavancin">telavancin</a> (Vibativ); <a href="/wiki/Quinupristin/dalfopristin" title="Quinupristin/dalfopristin">quinupristin/dalfopristin</a> (Synercid, a combination of two <a href="/wiki/Streptogramin" title="Streptogramin">streptogramins</a>, not active against E. faecalis);<a href="#cite_note-Livermore-72">[72]</a> <a href="/wiki/Daptomycin" title="Daptomycin">daptomycin</a> (Cubicin, a <a href="/wiki/Lipopeptide" title="Lipopeptide">lipopeptide</a>); and <a href="/wiki/Ceftobiprole" title="Ceftobiprole">ceftobiprole</a> (Zevtera, a 5th-generation <a href="/wiki/Cephalosporin" title="Cephalosporin">cephalosporin</a>). Linezolid is the only one that can be taken by mouth for the treatment of systemic infections.<a href="#cite_note-Herrmann-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adverse_effects">Adverse effects</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Linezolid&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Adverse effects">edit</a>]</div> When used for short periods, linezolid is a relatively safe drug.<a href="#cite_note-Marino2007-12">[12]</a> Common <a href="/wiki/Adverse_drug_reaction" title="Adverse drug reaction">side effects</a> of linezolid use (those occurring in more than 1% of people taking linezolid) include diarrhea (reported by 3–11% of clinical trial participants), headache (1–11%), nausea (3–10%), vomiting (1–4%), rash (2%), constipation (2%), altered taste perception (1–2%), and discoloration of the tongue (0.2–1%).<a href="#cite_note-Lexi-Comp-64">[64]</a> It has also been known to cause <a href="/wiki/Thrombocytopenia" title="Thrombocytopenia">thrombocytopenia</a>. Fungal infections such as <a href="/wiki/Oral_candidiasis" title="Oral candidiasis">thrush</a> and <a href="/wiki/Candidal_vulvovaginitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Candidal vulvovaginitis">vaginal candidiasis</a> may also occur as linezolid suppresses normal bacterial flora and opens a niche for fungi (so-called <a href="/wiki/Antibiotic_candidiasis" class="mw-redirect" title="Antibiotic candidiasis">antibiotic candidiasis</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Lexi-Comp-64">[64]</a> Less common (and potentially more serious) adverse effects include allergic reactions, <a href="/wiki/Pancreatitis" title="Pancreatitis">pancreatitis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Elevated_transaminases" title="Elevated transaminases">elevated transaminases</a>, which may be a sign of liver damage.<a href="#cite_note-Lexi-Comp-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-French-73">[73]</a> Unlike some antibiotics, such as <a href="/wiki/Erythromycin" title="Erythromycin">erythromycin</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Quinolone_antibiotic" title="Quinolone antibiotic">quinolones</a>, linezolid has no effect on the <a href="/wiki/QT_interval" title="QT interval">QT interval</a>, a measure of <a href="/wiki/Electrocardiography" title="Electrocardiography">cardiac electrical conduction</a>.<a href="#cite_note-French-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-Metaxas-74">[74]</a> Adverse effects in children are similar to those that occur in adults.<a href="#cite_note-Metaxas-74">[74]</a> Like nearly all antibiotics, linezolid has been associated with <a href="/wiki/Clostridioides_difficile_infection" title="Clostridioides difficile infection">Clostridioides difficile-associated diarrhea</a> (CDAD) and <a href="/wiki/Pseudomembranous_colitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudomembranous colitis">pseudomembranous colitis</a>, although the latter is uncommon, occurring in about one in two thousand patients in clinical trials.<a href="#cite_note-Lexi-Comp-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-French-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-Metaxas-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> C. difficile appears to be susceptible to linezolid in vitro, and linezolid was even considered as a possible treatment for CDAD.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Long-term_use">Long-term use</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Linezolid&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Long-term use">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Bone_marrow_suppression" title="Bone marrow suppression">Bone marrow suppression</a>, characterized particularly by <a href="/wiki/Thrombocytopenia" title="Thrombocytopenia">thrombocytopenia</a> (low platelet count), may occur during linezolid treatment; it appears to be the only adverse effect that occurs <a href="/wiki/Statistical_significance" title="Statistical significance">significantly</a> more frequently with linezolid than with glycopeptides or beta-lactams.<a href="#cite_note-Falagas2008-24">[24]</a> It is uncommon in patients who receive the drug for 14 days or fewer, but occurs much more frequently in patients who receive longer courses or who have renal failure.<a href="#cite_note-French-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> A 2004 <a href="/wiki/Case_report" title="Case report">case report</a> suggested that <a href="/wiki/Pyridoxine" title="Pyridoxine">pyridoxine</a> (a form of <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B6" title="Vitamin B6">vitamin B6</a>) could reverse the anemia and thrombocytopenia caused by linezolid,<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> but a later, larger study found no protective effect.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Long-term use of linezolid has also been associated with <a href="/wiki/Chemotherapy-induced_peripheral_neuropathy" title="Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy">chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy</a>, a progressive and enduring often irreversible tingling numbness, intense pain, and hypersensitivity to cold, beginning in the hands and feet and sometimes involving the arms and legs.<a href="#cite_note-NCI-80">[80]</a> Chemotherapy drugs associated with CIPN include <a href="/wiki/Thalidomide" title="Thalidomide">thalidomide</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Epothilone" title="Epothilone">epothilones</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Ixabepilone" title="Ixabepilone">ixabepilone</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Vinca_alkaloid" title="Vinca alkaloid">vinca alkaloids</a> <a href="/wiki/Vincristine" title="Vincristine">vincristine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vinblastine" title="Vinblastine">vinblastine</a>,<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Taxane" title="Taxane">taxanes</a> <a href="/wiki/Paclitaxel" title="Paclitaxel">paclitaxel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Docetaxel" title="Docetaxel">docetaxel</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Proteasome_inhibitor" title="Proteasome inhibitor">proteasome inhibitors</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Bortezomib" title="Bortezomib">bortezomib</a>, and the platinum-based drugs <a href="/wiki/Cisplatin" title="Cisplatin">cisplatin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxaliplatin" title="Oxaliplatin">oxaliplatin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carboplatin" title="Carboplatin">carboplatin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NCI-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Optic_neuropathy" title="Optic neuropathy">optic neuropathy</a>, which is most common after several months of treatment and may also be irreversible.<a href="#cite_note-Narita-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bressler-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-Brown-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid17766431-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> Although the mechanism of injury is still poorly understood, <a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_toxicity" title="Mitochondrial toxicity">mitochondrial toxicity</a> has been proposed as a cause;<a href="#cite_note-Barnhill-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-Javaheri-92">[92]</a> linezolid is toxic to <a href="/wiki/Mitochondria" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitochondria">mitochondria</a>, probably because of the similarity between mitochondrial and bacterial <a href="/wiki/Ribosome" title="Ribosome">ribosomes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-McKee-93">[93]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lactic_acidosis" title="Lactic acidosis">Lactic acidosis</a>, a potentially life-threatening buildup of <a href="/wiki/Lactic_acid" title="Lactic acid">lactic acid</a> in the body, may also occur due to mitochondrial toxicity.<a href="#cite_note-Barnhill-91">[91]</a> Because of these long-term effects, the manufacturer recommends weekly <a href="/wiki/Complete_blood_count" title="Complete blood count">complete blood counts</a> during linezolid therapy to monitor for possible bone marrow suppression, and recommends that treatment last no more than 28 days.<a href="#cite_note-Zyvox_FDA_label-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-French-73">[73]</a> A more extensive monitoring protocol for early detection of toxicity in seriously ill patients receiving linezolid has been developed and proposed by a team of researchers in Melbourne, Australia. The protocol includes twice-weekly blood tests and <a href="/wiki/Liver_function_tests" title="Liver function tests">liver function tests</a>; measurement of serum <a href="/wiki/Lactic_acid" title="Lactic acid">lactate</a> levels, for early detection of lactic acidosis; a review of all medications taken by the patient, interrupting the use of those that may <a href="/wiki/Drug_interaction" title="Drug interaction">interact</a> with linezolid; and periodic eye and neurological exams in patients set to receive linezolid for longer than four weeks.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> The adverse effects of long-term linezolid therapy were first identified during postmarketing surveillance. Bone marrow suppression was not identified during Phase III trials, in which treatment did not exceed 21 days. Although some participants of early trials did experience thrombocytopenia, it was found to be reversible and did not occur significantly more frequently than in controls (participants not taking linezolid).<a href="#cite_note-Moellering-54">[54]</a> There have also been postmarketing reports of <a href="/wiki/Seizure" title="Seizure">seizures</a>, and, as of 2009<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linezolid&action=edit">[update]</a>, a single case each of <a href="/wiki/Bell%27s_palsy" title="Bell's palsy">Bell's palsy</a> (paralysis of the <a href="/wiki/Facial_nerve" title="Facial nerve">facial nerve</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Nephrotoxicity" title="Nephrotoxicity">kidney toxicity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Metaxas-74">[74]</a> Evidence of protein synthesis inhibition in mammalian cells by linezolid has been published.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interactions">Interactions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Linezolid&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Interactions">edit</a>]</div> Linezolid is a weak, non-selective, reversible <a href="/wiki/Monoamine_oxidase_inhibitor" title="Monoamine oxidase inhibitor">monoamine oxidase inhibitor</a> (MAOI), and should not be used concomitantly with other MAOIs, large amounts of <a href="/wiki/Tyramine" title="Tyramine">tyramine</a>-rich foods (such as pork, aged cheeses, alcoholic beverages, or smoked and pickled foods), or <a href="/wiki/Serotonin" title="Serotonin">serotonergic</a> drugs. There have been <a href="/wiki/Postmarketing_surveillance" title="Postmarketing surveillance">postmarketing reports</a> of <a href="/wiki/Serotonin_syndrome" title="Serotonin syndrome">serotonin syndrome</a> when linezolid was given with or soon after the discontinuation of serotonergic drugs, particularly <a href="/wiki/Selective_serotonin_reuptake_inhibitor" title="Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor">selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors</a> (SSRIs) such as <a href="/wiki/Paroxetine" title="Paroxetine">paroxetine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sertraline" title="Sertraline">sertraline</a>.<a href="#cite_note-French-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-Huang-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> It may also enhance the blood pressure-increasing effects of <a href="/wiki/Sympathomimetic_drug" title="Sympathomimetic drug">sympathomimetic drugs</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Pseudoephedrine" title="Pseudoephedrine">pseudoephedrine</a> or <a href="/wiki/Phenylpropanolamine" title="Phenylpropanolamine">phenylpropanolamine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Moellering-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stalker-99">[99]</a> It should also not be given in combination with <a href="/wiki/Pethidine" title="Pethidine">pethidine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Meperidine" class="mw-redirect" title="Meperidine">meperidine</a>) under any circumstance due to the risk of <a href="/wiki/Serotonin_syndrome" title="Serotonin syndrome">serotonin syndrome</a>. Linezolid does not <a href="/wiki/Enzyme_inhibitor" title="Enzyme inhibitor">inhibit</a> or <a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_gene_expression" title="Regulation of gene expression">induce</a> the <a href="/wiki/Cytochrome_P450" title="Cytochrome P450">cytochrome P450</a> (CYP) system, which is responsible for the metabolism of many commonly used drugs, and therefore does not have any CYP-related interactions.<a href="#cite_note-Zyvox_FDA_label-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pharmacology">Pharmacology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Linezolid&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Pharmacology">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pharmacodynamics">Pharmacodynamics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Linezolid&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Pharmacodynamics">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Bacterial_translation" title="Bacterial translation">Bacterial translation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Translation_(genetics)#Basic_mechanisms" class="mw-redirect" title="Translation (genetics)">Translation (genetics) § Basic mechanisms</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribosome_mRNA_translation_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Diagram: A colored ribbon, representing messenger RNA (mRNA), passes through a cartoon diagram of an assembled ribosome. Cartoon representations of transfer RNA (tRNA) enter and exit the ribosome and occupy its A and P sites. A string of colored spheres, representing a newly formed protein, comes out of the top of the ribosome." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Ribosome_mRNA_translation_en.svg/220px-Ribosome_mRNA_translation_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Ribosome_mRNA_translation_en.svg/330px-Ribosome_mRNA_translation_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Ribosome_mRNA_translation_en.svg/440px-Ribosome_mRNA_translation_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="361" /></a><figcaption>Simplified schematic of mRNA translation. Linezolid occupies the A site (at center) and prevents tRNA from binding.</figcaption></figure> Linezolid, like other <a href="/wiki/Oxazolidinones" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxazolidinones">oxazolidinones</a>, is a bacterial <a href="/wiki/Protein_synthesis_inhibitor" title="Protein synthesis inhibitor">protein synthesis inhibitor</a> and a weak, <a href="/wiki/Non-selective" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-selective">non-selective</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reversible_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Reversible inhibitor">reversible</a> <a href="/wiki/Monoamine_oxidase_inhibitor" title="Monoamine oxidase inhibitor">monoamine oxidase inhibitor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Roger2018-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Oxazolidinones_MAOI_2010_review-100">[100]</a> As a protein synthesis inhibitor, linezolid stops the growth and reproduction of bacteria by disrupting <a href="/wiki/Bacterial_translation" title="Bacterial translation">translation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Messenger_RNA" title="Messenger RNA">messenger RNA</a> (mRNA) into <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">proteins</a> in bacterial <a href="/wiki/Ribosome" title="Ribosome">ribosomes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Roger2018-9">[9]</a> Linezolid inhibits translation at the first step of protein synthesis, <a href="/wiki/MRNA-ribosome" class="mw-redirect" title="MRNA-ribosome">initiation</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Roger2018-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tedizolid_and_oxazolidinones_2015_review-101">[101]</a> unlike most other protein synthesis inhibitors, which inhibit <a href="/wiki/Bacterial_translation#Elongation" title="Bacterial translation">elongation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Swaney1998-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-American_Family_Physician-62">[62]</a> It does so by preventing the formation of the initiation complex, composed of the <a href="/wiki/30S" class="mw-redirect" title="30S">30S</a> and <a href="/wiki/50S" class="mw-redirect" title="50S">50S</a> subunits of the ribosome, <a href="/wiki/Transfer_RNA" title="Transfer RNA">tRNA</a>, and mRNA. Linezolid binds to the <a href="/wiki/23S_ribosomal_RNA" title="23S ribosomal RNA">23S</a> portion of the 50S subunit (the center of <a href="/wiki/Peptidyl_transferase" class="mw-redirect" title="Peptidyl transferase">peptidyl transferase</a> activity),<a href="#cite_note-Roger2018-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tedizolid_and_oxazolidinones_2015_review-101">[101]</a> close to the <a href="/wiki/Binding_site" title="Binding site">binding sites</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chloramphenicol" title="Chloramphenicol">chloramphenicol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lincomycin" title="Lincomycin">lincomycin</a>, and other antibiotics. Due to this unique mechanism of action, <a href="/wiki/Cross-resistance" title="Cross-resistance">cross-resistance</a> between linezolid and other protein synthesis inhibitors is highly infrequent or nonexistent.<a href="#cite_note-Herrmann-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-Moellering-54">[54]</a> In 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Crystal_structure" title="Crystal structure">crystal structure</a> of linezolid bound to the 50S subunit of a ribosome from the <a href="/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea">archaean</a> Haloarcula marismortui was elucidated by a team of scientists from <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> and deposited in the <a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">Protein Data Bank</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> Another team in 2008 determined the structure of linezolid bound to a 50S subunit of <a href="/wiki/Deinococcus_radiodurans" title="Deinococcus radiodurans">Deinococcus radiodurans</a>. The authors proposed a refined model for the mechanism of action of oxazolidinones, finding that linezolid occupies the <a href="/wiki/MRNA-ribosome" class="mw-redirect" title="MRNA-ribosome">A site</a> of the 50S ribosomal subunit, inducing a <a href="/wiki/Conformational_change" title="Conformational change">conformational change</a> that prevents tRNA from entering the site and ultimately forcing tRNA to separate from the ribosome.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pharmacokinetics">Pharmacokinetics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Linezolid&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Pharmacokinetics">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Linezolid_metabolism.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Upper left: structural formula of the unaltered linezolid molecule, with the morpholino group highlighted in red. Lower left: main carboxylic acid metabolite, accounting for 10% of an excreted dose; the morpholine ring has been cleaved at the nitrogen atom. Lower right: structural formulae of two distinct molecules, a carboxylic acid and a lactone, with an equilibrium arrow between them; this metabolite accounts for 45% of a dose. Upper right: structure of a minor carboxylic acid metabolite, which accounts for aroune 3.3% of a dose." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Linezolid_metabolism.svg/220px-Linezolid_metabolism.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Linezolid_metabolism.svg/330px-Linezolid_metabolism.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Linezolid_metabolism.svg/440px-Linezolid_metabolism.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1207" data-file-height="810" /></a><figcaption>Major metabolites of linezolid</figcaption></figure> One of the advantages of linezolid is that it has an <a href="/wiki/Absolute_bioavailability" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute bioavailability">absolute oral bioavailability</a> of 100% due to its rapid and complete <a href="/wiki/Absorption_(pharmacology)" title="Absorption (pharmacology)">absorption</a> after <a href="/wiki/Oral_administration" title="Oral administration">oral administration</a>;<a href="#cite_note-Roger2018-9">[9]</a> in other words, the entire dose reaches the bloodstream, as if it had been given <a href="/wiki/Intravenous_therapy" title="Intravenous therapy">intravenously</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Roger2018-9">[9]</a> This means that people receiving intravenous linezolid may be switched to oral linezolid as soon as their condition allows it, whereas comparable antibiotics (such as vancomycin and quinupristin/dalfopristin) can only be given intravenously.<a href="#cite_note-Roger2018-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-American_Family_Physician-62">[62]</a> Taking linezolid with food somewhat slows its absorption, but the <a href="/wiki/Area_under_the_curve_(pharmacokinetics)" title="Area under the curve (pharmacokinetics)">area under the curve</a> is not affected.<a href="#cite_note-Herrmann-23">[23]</a> Linezolid's <a href="/wiki/Plasma_protein_binding" title="Plasma protein binding">plasma protein binding</a> is approximately 31% (range 4–32%) and its <a href="/wiki/Volume_of_distribution" title="Volume of distribution">volume of distribution</a> at <a href="/wiki/Steady_state" title="Steady state">steady state</a> averages 36.1–47.3 liters in healthy adult volunteers.<a href="#cite_note-Roger2018-9">[9]</a> <a href="/wiki/Peak_plasma_concentration" class="mw-redirect" title="Peak plasma concentration">Peak plasma concentrations</a> (Cmax) are reached one to two hours after administration of the drug. Linezolid is readily distributed to all tissues in the body apart from <a href="/wiki/Bone" title="Bone">bone</a> matrix and <a href="/wiki/White_adipose_tissue" title="White adipose tissue">white adipose tissue</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Barbachyn-35">[35]</a> Notably, the concentration of linezolid in the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of the <a href="/wiki/Lower_respiratory_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower respiratory tract">lower respiratory tract</a> is at least equal to, and often higher than, that achieved in serum (some authors have reported <a href="/wiki/Bronchus" title="Bronchus">bronchial</a> fluid concentrations up to four times higher than serum concentrations), which may account for its <a href="/wiki/Efficacy" title="Efficacy">efficacy</a> in treating pneumonia. However, a meta-analysis of clinical trials found that linezolid was not superior to <a href="/wiki/Vancomycin" title="Vancomycin">vancomycin</a>, which achieves lower concentrations in the ELF.<a href="#cite_note-Kalil_et_al-104">[104]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cerebrospinal_fluid" title="Cerebrospinal fluid">Cerebrospinal fluid</a> (CSF) concentrations vary; peak CSF concentrations are lower than serum ones, due to slow diffusion across the <a href="/wiki/Blood%E2%80%93brain_barrier" title="Blood–brain barrier">blood–brain barrier</a>, and trough concentrations in the CSF are higher for the same reason.<a href="#cite_note-Herrmann-23">[23]</a> The average half-life is three hours in children, four hours in teenagers, and five hours in adults.<a href="#cite_note-Zyvox_FDA_label-8">[8]</a> Linezolid is <a href="/wiki/Drug_metabolism" title="Drug metabolism">metabolized</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">liver</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Redox" title="Redox">oxidation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Morpholine" title="Morpholine">morpholine</a> ring, without involvement of the <a href="/wiki/Cytochrome_P450" title="Cytochrome P450">cytochrome P450</a> system. This metabolic pathway leads to two major inactive <a href="/wiki/Metabolite" title="Metabolite">metabolites</a> (which each account for around 45% and 10% of an excreted dose at steady state), one minor metabolite, and several trace metabolites, none of which accounts for more than 1% of an excreted dose.<a href="#cite_note-Slatter-105">[105]</a> <a href="/wiki/Clearance_(medicine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Clearance (medicine)">Clearance</a> of linezolid varies with age and gender; it is fastest in children (which accounts for the shorter half-life), and appears to be 20% lower in women than in men.<a href="#cite_note-Zyvox_FDA_label-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Slatter-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sisson-106">[106]</a> There is a strong correlation between linezolid clearance and creatinine clearance.<a href="#cite_note-Bialvaei-107">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chemistry">Chemistry</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Linezolid&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Chemistry">edit</a>]</div> At <a href="/wiki/PH#Living_systems" title="PH">physiological pH</a> (7.4), linezolid exists in an uncharged state. It is moderately water-soluble (approximately 3 mg/mL), with a <a href="/wiki/Partition_coefficient" title="Partition coefficient">logP</a> of 0.55.<a href="#cite_note-Herrmann-23">[23]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Linezolid_showing_oxazolidinone_pharmacophore.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Skeletal formula of N-{[(5S)-3-[3-fluoro-4-(morpholin-4-yl)phenyl]-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-5-yl]methyl}acetamide, highlighting the morpholino and fluoro groups in orange, with the rest in blue. The carbon atoms of the parent chain are numbered." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Linezolid_showing_oxazolidinone_pharmacophore.svg/220px-Linezolid_showing_oxazolidinone_pharmacophore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Linezolid_showing_oxazolidinone_pharmacophore.svg/330px-Linezolid_showing_oxazolidinone_pharmacophore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Linezolid_showing_oxazolidinone_pharmacophore.svg/440px-Linezolid_showing_oxazolidinone_pharmacophore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1633" data-file-height="676" /></a><figcaption>Numbered structure of linezolid, showing the <a href="/wiki/Pharmacophore" title="Pharmacophore">pharmacophore</a> required for good activity (in blue) and desirable structural features (in orange)</figcaption></figure> The oxazolidinone <a href="/wiki/Pharmacophore" title="Pharmacophore">pharmacophore</a>—the chemical "template" essential for antimicrobial <a href="/wiki/Biological_activity" title="Biological activity">activity</a>—consists of a <a href="/wiki/2-Oxazolidone" class="mw-redirect" title="2-Oxazolidone">1,3-oxazolidin-2-one</a> <a href="/wiki/Functional_group" title="Functional group">moiety</a> with an <a href="/wiki/Aryl" class="mw-redirect" title="Aryl">aryl</a> group at position 3 and an S-<a href="/wiki/Methyl_group" title="Methyl group">methyl group</a>, with another <a href="/wiki/Substituent" title="Substituent">substituent</a> attached to it, at position 5 (the R-<a href="/wiki/Enantiomer" title="Enantiomer">enantiomers</a> of all oxazolidinones are devoid of antibiotic properties).<a href="#cite_note-Brickner-108">[108]</a> In addition to this essential core, linezolid also contains several structural characteristics that improve its effectiveness and safety. An <a href="/wiki/Acetamide" title="Acetamide">acetamide</a> substituent on the 5-methyl group is the best choice in terms of antibacterial efficacy, and is used in all of the more active oxazolidinones developed thus far; in fact, straying too far from an acetamide group at this position makes the drug lose its antimicrobial power, although weak to moderate activity is maintained when some <a href="/wiki/Bioisostere" title="Bioisostere">isosteric</a> groups are used. A <a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine">fluorine</a> atom at the 3′ position practically doubles in vitro and in vivo activity, and the <a href="/wiki/Electron_donor" title="Electron donor">electron-donating</a> <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a> atom in the <a href="/wiki/Morpholine" title="Morpholine">morpholine</a> ring helps maintain high antibiotic potency and an acceptable safety profile.<a href="#cite_note-Barbachyn-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-Brickner-108">[108]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Anticoagulant" title="Anticoagulant">anticoagulant</a> <a href="/wiki/Rivaroxaban" title="Rivaroxaban">rivaroxaban</a> (Xarelto) bears a striking structural similarity to linezolid; both drugs share the oxazolidinone pharmacophore, differing in only three areas (an extra <a href="/wiki/Ketone" title="Ketone">ketone</a> and chloro<a href="/wiki/Thiophene" title="Thiophene">thiophene</a>, and missing the fluorine atom). However this similarity appears to carry no clinical significance.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Synthesis">Synthesis</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Linezolid&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Synthesis">edit</a>]</div> Linezolid is a completely <a href="/wiki/Organic_synthesis" title="Organic synthesis">synthetic</a> drug: it does not occur in nature (unlike erythromycin and many other antibiotics) and was not developed by building upon a naturally occurring skeleton (unlike most <a href="/wiki/Beta-lactam_antibiotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-lactam antibiotic">beta-lactams</a>, which are <a href="/wiki/Semisynthesis" title="Semisynthesis">semisynthetic</a>). Many approaches are available for oxazolidinone synthesis, and several routes for the synthesis of linezolid have been reported in the chemistry literature.<a href="#cite_note-Brickner-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-Xu-110">[110]</a> Despite good <a href="/wiki/Yield_(chemistry)" title="Yield (chemistry)">yields</a>, the original method (developed by Upjohn for <a href="/wiki/Pilot_plant" title="Pilot plant">pilot plant</a>-scale production of linezolid and eperezolid) is lengthy, requires the use of expensive chemicals—such as <a href="/wiki/Palladium_on_carbon" title="Palladium on carbon">palladium on carbon</a> and the highly sensitive reagents <a href="/wiki/Methanesulfonyl_chloride" title="Methanesulfonyl chloride">methanesulfonyl chloride</a> and <a href="/wiki/N-Butyllithium" title="N-Butyllithium">n-butyllithium</a>—and needs low-temperature conditions.<a href="#cite_note-Brickner-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-Xu-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kaiser-111">[111]</a> Much of the high cost of linezolid has been attributed to the expense of its synthesis.<a href="#cite_note-Kaiser-111">[111]</a> A somewhat more concise and cost-effective route better suited to large-scale production was patented by Upjohn in 1998.<a href="#cite_note-Barbachyn-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> Later syntheses have included an "<a href="/wiki/Atom_economy" title="Atom economy">atom-economical</a>" method starting from <a href="/wiki/D-Mannitol" class="mw-redirect" title="D-Mannitol">D-mannitol</a>, developed by Indian pharmaceutical company <a href="/wiki/Dr._Reddy%27s_Laboratories" title="Dr. Reddy's Laboratories">Dr. Reddy's</a> and reported in 1999,<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> and a route starting from (S)-glyceraldehyde acetonide (prepared from <a href="/wiki/Ascorbic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascorbic acid">ascorbic acid</a>), developed by a team of researchers from <a href="/wiki/Hunan_Normal_University" title="Hunan Normal University">Hunan Normal University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a>, China.<a href="#cite_note-Xu-110">[110]</a> On 25 June 2008, during the 12th Annual Green Chemistry and Engineering Conference in New York, Pfizer reported the development of their "second-generation" synthesis of linezolid: a <a href="/wiki/Convergent_synthesis" title="Convergent synthesis">convergent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Green_chemistry" title="Green chemistry">green</a> synthesis starting from (S)-<a href="/wiki/Epichlorohydrin" title="Epichlorohydrin">epichlorohydrin</a>, with higher yield and a 56% reduction in total waste.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Resistance">Resistance</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Linezolid&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Resistance">edit</a>]</div> Acquired resistance to linezolid was reported as early as 1999, in two patients with severe, multidrug-resistant <a href="/wiki/Enterococcus_faecium" title="Enterococcus faecium">Enterococcus faecium</a> infection who received the drug through a <a href="/wiki/Expanded_access" title="Expanded access">compassionate use</a> program.<a href="#cite_note-DrugTherPerspect-69">[69]</a> Linezolid-resistant <a href="/wiki/Staphylococcus_aureus" title="Staphylococcus aureus">Staphylococcus aureus</a> was first isolated in 2001.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> In the United States, resistance to linezolid has been monitored and tracked since 2004 through a program named LEADER, which (as of 2007<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linezolid&action=edit">[update]</a>) was conducted in 60 medical institutions throughout the country. Resistance has remained stable and extremely low—less than one-half of one percent of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/isolate" class="extiw" title="wikt:isolate">isolates</a> overall, and less than one-tenth of one percent of S. aureus samples.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-116">[116]</a> A similar, worldwide program—the "Zyvox Annual Appraisal of Potency and Spectrum Study", or ZAAPS—has been conducted since 2002. As of 2007<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linezolid&action=edit">[update]</a>, overall resistance to linezolid in 23 countries was less than 0.2%, and nonexistent among streptococci. Resistance was only found in Brazil, China, Ireland, and Italy, among <a href="/wiki/Staphylococcus#Coagulase-negative" title="Staphylococcus">coagulase-negative staphylococci</a> (0.28% of samples resistant), enterococci (0.11%), and S. aureus (0.03%).<a href="#cite_note-ZAAPS2007-117">[117]</a> In the United Kingdom and Ireland, no resistance was found in staphylococci collected from <a href="/wiki/Bacteremia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacteremia">bacteremia</a> cases between 2001 and 2006,<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> although resistance in enterococci has been reported.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> Some authors have predicted that resistance in E. faecium will increase if linezolid use continues at current levels or increases.<a href="#cite_note-Scheetz-120">[120]</a> Nevertheless, linezolid continues to be an important antimicrobial agent with near-complete activity (0.05% resistance).<a href="#cite_note-Bialvaei-107">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mechanism">Mechanism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Linezolid&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Mechanism">edit</a>]</div> The intrinsic resistance of most Gram-negative bacteria to linezolid is due to the activity of <a href="/wiki/Efflux_(microbiology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Efflux (microbiology)">efflux pumps</a>, which <a href="/wiki/Active_transport" title="Active transport">actively</a> "pump" linezolid out of the cell faster than it can accumulate.<a href="#cite_note-Barbachyn-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> Gram-positive bacteria usually develop resistance to linezolid as the result of a <a href="/wiki/Point_mutation" title="Point mutation">point mutation</a> known as G2576T, in which a <a href="/wiki/Guanine" title="Guanine">guanine</a> base is replaced with <a href="/wiki/Thymine" title="Thymine">thymine</a> in <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">base pair</a> 2576 of the genes coding for 23S ribosomal RNA.<a href="#cite_note-Saager-122">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-Besier-123">[123]</a> This is the most common mechanism of resistance in staphylococci, and the only one known to date in isolates of E. faecium.<a href="#cite_note-Scheetz-120">[120]</a> Other mechanisms have been identified in <a href="/wiki/Streptococcus_pneumoniae" title="Streptococcus pneumoniae">Streptococcus pneumoniae</a> (including mutations in an RNA <a href="/wiki/Methyltransferase" title="Methyltransferase">methyltransferase</a> that methylates G2445 of the 23S rRNA and mutations causing increased <a href="/wiki/Gene_expression" title="Gene expression">expression</a> of <a href="/wiki/ATP-binding_cassette_transporter" class="mw-redirect" title="ATP-binding cassette transporter">ABC transporter</a> genes)<a href="#cite_note-Feng2009-124">[124]</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Staphylococcus_epidermidis" title="Staphylococcus epidermidis">Staphylococcus epidermidis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Linezolid&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/2-Oxazolidone" class="mw-redirect" title="2-Oxazolidone">oxazolidinones</a> have been known as <a href="/wiki/Monoamine_oxidase_inhibitor" title="Monoamine oxidase inhibitor">monoamine oxidase inhibitors</a> since the late 1950s. Their antimicrobial properties were discovered by researchers at <a href="/wiki/DuPont" title="DuPont">E.I. duPont de Nemours</a> in the 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-Brickner-108">[108]</a> In 1978, DuPont <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patented</a> a series of oxazolidinone derivatives as being effective in the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacterial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fungus" title="Fungus">fungal</a> <a href="/wiki/Plant_pathology" title="Plant pathology">plant diseases</a>, and in 1984, another patent described their usefulness in treating bacterial infections in <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammals</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Moellering-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-Brickner-108">[108]</a> In 1987, DuPont scientists presented a detailed description of the oxazolidinones as a new class of antibiotics with a novel <a href="/wiki/Mechanism_of_action" title="Mechanism of action">mechanism of action</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Brickner-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-Slee-127">[127]</a> Early compounds were found to produce <a href="/wiki/Hepatotoxicity" title="Hepatotoxicity">liver toxicity</a>, however, and <a href="/wiki/Drug_development" title="Drug development">development</a> was discontinued.<a href="#cite_note-Livermore-72">[72]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pharmacia" title="Pharmacia">Pharmacia &</a> <a href="/wiki/Upjohn" title="Upjohn">Upjohn</a> (now part of Pfizer) started its own oxazolidinone research program in the 1990s. Studies of the compounds' <a href="/wiki/Structure%E2%80%93activity_relationship" title="Structure–activity relationship">structure–activity relationships</a> led to the development of several subclasses of oxazolidinone derivatives, with varying safety profiles and antimicrobial activity. Two compounds were considered drug candidates: <a href="/wiki/Eperezolid" title="Eperezolid">eperezolid</a> (codenamed PNU-100592) and linezolid (PNU-100766).<a href="#cite_note-Barbachyn-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-French-73">[73]</a> In the preclinical stages of development, they were similar in safety and antibacterial activity, so they were taken to <a href="/wiki/Phase_I_trial" class="mw-redirect" title="Phase I trial">Phase I</a> <a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">clinical trials</a> to identify any difference in <a href="/wiki/Pharmacokinetics" title="Pharmacokinetics">pharmacokinetics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Livermore-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ford-128">[128]</a> Linezolid was found to have a pharmacokinetic advantage—requiring only twice-daily dosage, while eperezolid needed to be given three times a day to achieve similar exposure—and therefore proceeded to further trials.<a href="#cite_note-Barbachyn-35">[35]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Food and Drug Administration (United States)">U.S. Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA) approved linezolid on 18 April 2000.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> Approval followed in Brazil (June 2000),<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> the United Kingdom (January 2001),<a href="#cite_note-Zyvox_SPC-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-French-73">[73]</a> Japan and Canada (April 2001),<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-CanadaApproval-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> Europe (throughout 2001),<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> and other countries in Latin America and Asia.<a href="#cite_note-CanadaApproval-132">[132]</a> As of 2009<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linezolid&action=edit">[update]</a>, linezolid was the only oxazolidinone antibiotic available.<a href="#cite_note-Livermore2009-135">[135]</a> Other members of this class have entered development, such as <a href="/wiki/Posizolid" title="Posizolid">posizolid</a> (AZD2563),<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ranbezolid" title="Ranbezolid">ranbezolid</a> (RBx 7644),<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Radezolid" title="Radezolid">radezolid</a> (RX-1741).<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> In 2014, the FDA approved <a href="/wiki/Tedizolid" title="Tedizolid">tedizolid phosphate</a>, a second-generation oxazolidinone derivative, for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infection.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society_and_culture">Society and culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Linezolid&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Society and culture">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economics">Economics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Linezolid&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Economics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Pharmacoeconomics" title="Pharmacoeconomics">Pharmacoeconomics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Disease_burden" title="Disease burden">Disease burden</a></div> Linezolid was quite expensive in 2009; a course of treatment may cost one or two thousand U.S. dollars for the drug alone,<a href="#cite_note-Lexi-Comp-64">[64]</a> not to mention other costs (such as those associated with hospital stay). With the medication becoming generic the price has decreased. In India as of 2015 a month of linezolid, as would be used to treat tuberculosis cost about US$60.<a href="#cite_note-WHO2015Use-11">[11]</a> However, because intravenous linezolid may be switched to an oral formulation (tablets or oral solution) without jeopardizing efficacy, people may be discharged from hospital relatively early and continue treatment at home, whereas home treatment with injectable antibiotics may be impractical.<a href="#cite_note-Grau2008-141">[141]</a> Reducing the <a href="/wiki/Length_of_stay" title="Length of stay">length of hospital stay</a> reduces the overall cost of treatment, even though linezolid may have a higher acquisition cost—that is, it may be more expensive—than comparable antibiotics. Studies have been conducted in several countries with different <a href="/wiki/Health_care_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Health care system">health care system</a> models to assess the <a href="/wiki/Cost-effectiveness_analysis#CEA_in_pharmacoeconomics" title="Cost-effectiveness analysis">cost-effectiveness</a> of linezolid compared to glycopeptides such as vancomycin or teicoplanin. In most countries, linezolid was more cost-effective than comparable antibiotics for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia and complicated skin and skin structure infections, either due to higher cure and survival rates or lower overall treatment costs.<a href="#cite_note-Grau2008-141">[141]</a> In 2009, Pfizer paid $2.3 billion and entered a <a href="/wiki/Corporate_integrity_agreement" title="Corporate integrity agreement">corporate integrity agreement</a> to settle charges that it had misbranded and illegally promoted four drugs, and caused false claims to be submitted to government healthcare programs for uses that had not been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> $1.3 billion was paid to settle criminal charges of illegally marketing the anti-inflammatory <a href="/wiki/Valdecoxib" title="Valdecoxib">valdecoxib</a>, while $1 billion was paid in civil fines regarding illegal marketing of three other drugs, including Zyvox.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brand_names">Brand names</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Linezolid&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Brand names">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%"> <caption>List of <a href="/wiki/Trade_name" title="Trade name">trade names</a> for linezolid<a href="#cite_note-Name2018Int-144">[144]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>A</td> <td>Amizole 500 (Kenya), Anozilad (Poland), Antizolid (Greece), Arlid (India), Arlin (Bangladesh), Averozolid & Debacozoline (Egypt) </td></tr> <tr> <td>B</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>C</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>D</td> <td>Dilizolen (Poland, Slovakia, Netherlands, Bulgaria) </td></tr> <tr> <td>E</td> <td>Entavar (India) </td></tr> <tr> <td>F</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>G</td> <td>Grampolid (Netherlands), Grampolyve (Netherlands), Gramposimide (Poland, Netherlands), Grampoxid (Netherlands) </td></tr> <tr> <td>H</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>I</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>J</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>K</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>L</td> <td>Linzolid (Bangladesh), Lidobact (Netherlands), Linez (Bangladesh, Egypt), Linezolid Accord (Netherlands), Linezolid Amneal (Netherlands), Linezolid Betapharm (Netherlands), Linezolid Farmaprojects (Netherlands), Linezolid Fresenius Kabi (Netherlands), Linezolid GNP (Egypt), Linezolid Hetero (Netherlands), Linezolid Kabi (Croatia, Poland), Linezolid Mylan (Netherlands), Linezolid Pfizer (Netherlands), Linezolid Pliva (Croatia), Linezolid Polpharma (Netherlands, Poland), Linezolid Richet (Argentina), Linezolid Sandoz (Belgium, Switzerland, Netherlands, Slovakia, Estonia, Croatia, Poland), Linezolid Teva (Netherlands, Romania), Linezolid Zentiva (Poland), Linezolida Teva (Portugal), Linezone (Turkey), Linid (India), Linosept (India), Linozid (Bangladesh), Linxyd (Netherlands), Linzowin (India), Litrecan (Argentina), Livegramide (Netherlands), Lizbid (India), Lizemox (India), Lizolid (India, Vietnam), Lizoliden (Netherlands), Lizomac (India), Lizomed (India), Lizorex (India), Lizox (Netherlands), Lorezogram (Netherlands), Lynvox (Netherlands), Lynz (Croatia) </td></tr> <tr> <td>M</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>N</td> <td>Natlinez (Netherlands) </td></tr> <tr> <td>O</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>P</td> <td>Pneumolid (Croatia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Q</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>R</td> <td>Ralinz (India), Respenzo (Egypt) </td></tr> <tr> <td>S</td> <td>Synzolid (Netherlands) </td></tr> <tr> <td>T</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>U</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>V</td> <td>Voxazoldin (Egypt) </td></tr> <tr> <td>W</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>X</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Y</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Z</td> <td>Zenix (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia), Zizolid (Turkey), Zodlin (India), Zolinid (Bulgaria), Zyvox (Georgia, Chile, Argentina, Australia, China, Ecuador, Egypt, United Kingdom, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Ireland, South Korea, Malta, Malaysia, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Taiwan, Japan, United States), Zyvoxam (Canada), Zyvoxid (Israel, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Spain, Finland, France, Greece, Germany, Croatia, Iceland, Lithuania, Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Sweden, Slovakia, Tunisia, Turkey, South Africa, Poland, Italy, Bosnia and Herzegovina) </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%"> <caption>List of <a href="/wiki/Trade_name" title="Trade name">trade names</a> for linezolid-containing products<a href="#cite_note-Name2018Int-144">[144]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Generic Combination </th> <th scope="col">Brand Name </th></tr> <tr> <td>linezolid and cefixime</td> <td>Zifi-Turbo (India) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Linezolid&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Drugs.com_pregnancy-1"><a href="#cite_ref-Drugs.com_pregnancy_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/linezolid.html">"Linezolid (Zyvox) Use During Pregnancy"</a>. Drugs.com. 16 April 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200317065515/https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/linezolid.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Drugs.com&rft.atitle=Linezolid+%28Zyvox%29+Use+During+Pregnancy&rft.date=2018-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugs.com%2Fpregnancy%2Flinezolid.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.gov.au/info/industry/listing/elements/pbac-meetings/psd/2013-07/linezolid">"Linezolid, injection, 600 mg per 300 mL, tablet, 600 mg and powder for oral suspension, 20 mg per mL, Zyvox®"</a>. Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care. 24 September 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221118203806/https://www.pbs.gov.au/info/industry/listing/elements/pbac-meetings/psd/2013-07/linezolid">Archived</a> from the original on 18 November 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Linezolid%2C+injection%2C+600+mg+per+300+mL%2C+tablet%2C+600+mg+and+powder+for+oral+suspension%2C+20+mg+per+mL%2C+Zyvox%C2%AE&rft.pub=Australian+Government+Department+of+Health+and+Aged+Care&rft.date=2001-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.gov.au%2Finfo%2Findustry%2Flisting%2Felements%2Fpbac-meetings%2Fpsd%2F2013-07%2Flinezolid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebs.tga.gov.au/servlet/xmlmillr6?dbid=ebs/PublicHTML/pdfStore.nsf&docid=277696&agid=(PrintDetailsPublic)&actionid=1">"Public Summary"</a> (PDF). Retrieved 30 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Public+Summary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebs.tga.gov.au%2Fservlet%2Fxmlmillr6%3Fdbid%3Debs%2FPublicHTML%2FpdfStore.nsf%26docid%3D277696%26agid%3D%28PrintDetailsPublic%29%26actionid%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tga.gov.au/resources/publication/publications/prescription-medicines-registration-new-generic-medicines-and-biosimilar-medicines-2017">"Prescription medicines: registration of new generic medicines and biosimilar medicines, 2017"</a>. Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). 21 June 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230706023149/https://www.tga.gov.au/resources/publication/publications/prescription-medicines-registration-new-generic-medicines-and-biosimilar-medicines-2017">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2023. Retrieved 30 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Therapeutic+Goods+Administration+%28TGA%29&rft.atitle=Prescription+medicines%3A+registration+of+new+generic+medicines+and+biosimilar+medicines%2C+2017&rft.date=2022-06-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tga.gov.au%2Fresources%2Fpublication%2Fpublications%2Fprescription-medicines-registration-new-generic-medicines-and-biosimilar-medicines-2017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://health-products.canada.ca/dpd-bdpp/info?lang=eng&code=67614">"Product information"</a>. health-products.canada.ca. 31 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240329202900/https://health-products.canada.ca/dpd-bdpp/info?lang=eng&code=67614">Archived</a> from the original on 29 March 2024. Retrieved 29 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=health-products.canada.ca&rft.atitle=Product+information&rft.date=2020-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhealth-products.canada.ca%2Fdpd-bdpp%2Finfo%3Flang%3Deng%26code%3D67614&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://health-products.canada.ca/dpd-bdpp/info?lang=eng&code=67615">"Product information"</a>. health-products.canada.ca. 7 February 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240329203402/https://health-products.canada.ca/dpd-bdpp/info?lang=eng&code=67615">Archived</a> from the original on 29 March 2024. Retrieved 29 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=health-products.canada.ca&rft.atitle=Product+information&rft.date=2006-02-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhealth-products.canada.ca%2Fdpd-bdpp%2Finfo%3Flang%3Deng%26code%3D67615&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zyvox_SPC-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zyvox_SPC_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zyvox_SPC_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zyvox_SPC_7-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120806161920/http://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/9857">"Zyvox 600 mg Film-Coated Tablets, 100 mg/5 ml Granules for Oral Suspension, 2 mg/ml Solution for Infusion – Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC)"</a>. electronic Medicines Compendium. 24 June 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://emc.medicines.org.uk/medicine/9857">the original</a> on 6 August 2012. Retrieved 3 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zyvox+600+mg+Film-Coated+Tablets%2C+100+mg%2F5+ml+Granules+for+Oral+Suspension%2C+2+mg%2Fml+Solution+for+Infusion+%E2%80%93+Summary+of+Product+Characteristics+%28SPC%29&rft.pub=electronic+Medicines+Compendium&rft.date=2009-06-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Femc.medicines.org.uk%2Fmedicine%2F9857&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zyvox_FDA_label-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zyvox_FDA_label_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zyvox_FDA_label_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zyvox_FDA_label_8-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zyvox_FDA_label_8-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zyvox_FDA_label_8-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zyvox_FDA_label_8-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zyvox_FDA_label_8-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zyvox_FDA_label_8-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zyvox_FDA_label_8-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zyvox_FDA_label_8-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zyvox_FDA_label_8-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zyvox_FDA_label_8-11">l</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=6e70e63b-bfd5-478d-a8ee-8ba22c9efabd">"Zyvox- linezolid injection, solution Zyvox- linezolid tablet, film coated Zyvox- linezolid suspension"</a>. DailyMed. 21 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210426030640/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=6e70e63b-bfd5-478d-a8ee-8ba22c9efabd">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2021. Retrieved 17 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DailyMed&rft.atitle=Zyvox-+linezolid+injection%2C+solution+Zyvox-+linezolid+tablet%2C+film+coated+Zyvox-+linezolid+suspension&rft.date=2020-02-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdailymed.nlm.nih.gov%2Fdailymed%2FdrugInfo.cfm%3Fsetid%3D6e70e63b-bfd5-478d-a8ee-8ba22c9efabd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roger2018-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Roger2018_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roger2018_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roger2018_9-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roger2018_9-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roger2018_9-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roger2018_9-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roger2018_9-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roger2018_9-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roger2018_9-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roger2018_9-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roger2018_9-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roger2018_9-11">l</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogerRobertsMuller2018" class="citation journal cs1">Roger C, Roberts JA, Muller L (May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs40262-017-0601-x">"Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Oxazolidinones"</a>. Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 57 (5): 559–575. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs40262-017-0601-x">10.1007/s40262-017-0601-x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29063519">29063519</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4961324">4961324</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Pharmacokinetics&rft.atitle=Clinical+Pharmacokinetics+and+Pharmacodynamics+of+Oxazolidinones&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E559-%3C%2Fspan%3E575&rft.date=2018-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4961324%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29063519&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs40262-017-0601-x&rft.aulast=Roger&rft.aufirst=C&rft.au=Roberts%2C+JA&rft.au=Muller%2C+L&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%252Fs40262-017-0601-x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AHFS2016-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2016_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2016_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2016_10-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2016_10-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2016_10-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2016_10-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2016_10-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2016_10-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2016_10-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2016_10-9">j</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/monograph/linezolid.html">"Linezolid"</a>. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220231329/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/linezolid.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Linezolid&rft.pub=The+American+Society+of+Health-System+Pharmacists&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugs.com%2Fmonograph%2Flinezolid.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WHO2015Use-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WHO2015Use_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WHO2015Use_11-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Health_Organization2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (2015). The selection and use of essential medicines. Twentieth report of the WHO Expert Committee 2015 (including 19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines and 5th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children). Geneva: World Health Organization. pp. 26–33. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10665%2F189763">10665/189763</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789241209946" title="Special:BookSources/9789241209946"><bdi>9789241209946</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0512-3054">0512-3054</a>. WHO technical report series;994.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+selection+and+use+of+essential+medicines.+Twentieth+report+of+the+WHO+Expert+Committee+2015+%28including+19th+WHO+Model+List+of+Essential+Medicines+and+5th+WHO+Model+List+of+Essential+Medicines+for+Children%29&rft.place=Geneva&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E26-%3C%2Fspan%3E33&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10665%2F189763&rft.issn=0512-3054&rft.isbn=9789241209946&rft.au=World+Health+Organization&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marino2007-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Marino2007_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marino2007_12-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marino2007_12-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarinoSutin2007" class="citation book cs1">Marino PL, Sutin KM (2007). "Antimicrobial therapy". The ICU book. Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 817. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7817-4802-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7817-4802-5"><bdi>978-0-7817-4802-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Antimicrobial+therapy&rft.btitle=The+ICU+book&rft.place=Hagerstown%2C+MD&rft.pages=817&rft.pub=Lippincott+Williams+%26+Wilkins&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7817-4802-5&rft.aulast=Marino&rft.aufirst=PL&rft.au=Sutin%2C+KM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SFX2016-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SFX2016_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFX2016_13-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/sfx/linezolid-side-effects.html">"Linezolid Side Effects in Detail"</a>. drugs.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220233415/https://www.drugs.com/sfx/linezolid-side-effects.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 11 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=drugs.com&rft.atitle=Linezolid+Side+Effects+in+Detail&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugs.com%2Fsfx%2Flinezolid-side-effects.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Swaney1998-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Swaney1998_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Swaney1998_14-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Swaney1998_14-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwaneyAokiGanozaShinabarger1998" class="citation journal cs1">Swaney SM, Aoki H, Ganoza MC, Shinabarger DL (December 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC106030">"The oxazolidinone linezolid inhibits initiation of protein synthesis in bacteria"</a>. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 42 (12): 3251–5. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1128%2FAAC.42.12.3251">10.1128/AAC.42.12.3251</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC106030">106030</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9835522">9835522</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+and+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=The+oxazolidinone+linezolid+inhibits+initiation+of+protein+synthesis+in+bacteria&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3251-%3C%2Fspan%3E5&rft.date=1998-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC106030%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9835522&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1128%2FAAC.42.12.3251&rft.aulast=Swaney&rft.aufirst=SM&rft.au=Aoki%2C+H&rft.au=Ganoza%2C+MC&rft.au=Shinabarger%2C+DL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC106030&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMendesDeshpandeJones2014" class="citation journal cs1">Mendes RE, Deshpande LM, Jones RN (April 2014). "Linezolid update: stable in vitro activity following more than a decade of clinical use and summary of associated resistance mechanisms". Drug Resistance Updates. 17 (1–2): 1–12. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.drup.2014.04.002">10.1016/j.drup.2014.04.002</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24880801">24880801</a>. <q>Emergence of resistance has been limited ... It is still uncertain whether the occurrences of such isolates are becoming more prevalent.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+Resistance+Updates&rft.atitle=Linezolid+update%3A+stable+in+vitro+activity+following+more+than+a+decade+of+clinical+use+and+summary+of+associated+resistance+mechanisms&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E12&rft.date=2014-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.drup.2014.04.002&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24880801&rft.aulast=Mendes&rft.aufirst=RE&rft.au=Deshpande%2C+LM&rft.au=Jones%2C+RN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiCorey2013" class="citation book cs1">Li JJ, Corey EJ (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mIyxO5cLEAcC&pg=PA6">Drug Discovery: Practices, Processes, and Perspectives</a>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-35446-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-118-35446-9"><bdi>978-1-118-35446-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170910172617/https://books.google.com/books?id=mIyxO5cLEAcC&pg=PA6">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Drug+Discovery%3A+Practices%2C+Processes%2C+and+Perspectives&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-118-35446-9&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=JJ&rft.au=Corey%2C+EJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmIyxO5cLEAcC%26pg%3DPA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTorokMoranCooke2009" class="citation book cs1">Torok E, Moran E, Cooke F (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5W-WBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT56">"Chapter 2 Antimicrobials"</a>. Oxford Handbook of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology. OUP Oxford. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-103962-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-103962-1"><bdi>978-0-19-103962-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170908143257/https://books.google.com/books?id=5W-WBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT56">Archived</a> from the original on 8 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+2+Antimicrobials&rft.btitle=Oxford+Handbook+of+Infectious+Diseases+and+Microbiology&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-19-103962-1&rft.aulast=Torok&rft.aufirst=E&rft.au=Moran%2C+E&rft.au=Cooke%2C+F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5W-WBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WHO23rd-18"><a href="#cite_ref-WHO23rd_18-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Health_Organization2023" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (2023). The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023). Geneva: World Health Organization. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10665%2F371090">10665/371090</a>. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+selection+and+use+of+essential+medicines+2023%3A+web+annex+A%3A+World+Health+Organization+model+list+of+essential+medicines%3A+23rd+list+%282023%29&rft.place=Geneva&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10665%2F371090&rft.au=World+Health+Organization&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Health_Organization2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (2019). Critically important antimicrobials for human medicine (6th revision ed.). Geneva: World Health Organization. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10665%2F312266">10665/312266</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789241515528" title="Special:BookSources/9789241515528"><bdi>9789241515528</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Critically+important+antimicrobials+for+human+medicine&rft.place=Geneva&rft.edition=6th+revision&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10665%2F312266&rft.isbn=9789241515528&rft.au=World+Health+Organization&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWroe2002" class="citation news cs1">Wroe D (28 February 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2002/02/27/1014704966995.html">"An antibiotic to fight immune bugs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Age" title="The Age">The Age</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100127140624/http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2002/02/27/1014704966995.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2010. Retrieved 16 May 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=An+antibiotic+to+fight+immune+bugs&rft.date=2002-02-28&rft.aulast=Wroe&rft.aufirst=D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Farticles%2F2002%2F02%2F27%2F1014704966995.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilson-21"><a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_21-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilsonCepedaHaymanWhitehouse2006" class="citation journal cs1">Wilson AP, Cepeda JA, Hayman S, Whitehouse T, Singer M, Bellingan G (August 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkl233">"In vitro susceptibility of Gram-positive pathogens to linezolid and teicoplanin and effect on outcome in critically ill patients"</a>. The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 58 (2): 470–3. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkl233">10.1093/jac/dkl233</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16735420">16735420</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=In+vitro+susceptibility+of+Gram-positive+pathogens+to+linezolid+and+teicoplanin+and+effect+on+outcome+in+critically+ill+patients&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E470-%3C%2Fspan%3E3&rft.date=2006-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkl233&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16735420&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=AP&rft.au=Cepeda%2C+JA&rft.au=Hayman%2C+S&rft.au=Whitehouse%2C+T&rft.au=Singer%2C+M&rft.au=Bellingan%2C+G&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fjac%252Fdkl233&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bozdogan-22"><a href="#cite_ref-Bozdogan_22-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBozdoganAppelbaum2004" class="citation journal cs1">Bozdogan B, Appelbaum PC (February 2004). "Oxazolidinones: activity, mode of action, and mechanism of resistance". International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 23 (2): 113–9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijantimicag.2003.11.003">10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2003.11.003</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15013035">15013035</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Agents&rft.atitle=Oxazolidinones%3A+activity%2C+mode+of+action%2C+and+mechanism+of+resistance&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E113-%3C%2Fspan%3E9&rft.date=2004-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ijantimicag.2003.11.003&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15013035&rft.aulast=Bozdogan&rft.aufirst=B&rft.au=Appelbaum%2C+PC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Herrmann-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Herrmann_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Herrmann_23-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Herrmann_23-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Herrmann_23-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Herrmann_23-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Herrmann_23-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Herrmann_23-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Herrmann_23-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Herrmann_23-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Herrmann_23-9">j</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerrmannPeppardLedeboerTheesfeld2008" class="citation journal cs1">Herrmann DJ, Peppard WJ, Ledeboer NA, Theesfeld ML, Weigelt JA, Buechel BJ (December 2008). "Linezolid for the treatment of drug-resistant infections". Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy. 6 (6): 825–48. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1586%2F14787210.6.6.825">10.1586/14787210.6.6.825</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1478-7210">1478-7210</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19053895">19053895</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:8791647">8791647</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Expert+Review+of+Anti-infective+Therapy&rft.atitle=Linezolid+for+the+treatment+of+drug-resistant+infections&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E825-%3C%2Fspan%3E48&rft.date=2008-12&rft.issn=1478-7210&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A8791647%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19053895&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1586%2F14787210.6.6.825&rft.aulast=Herrmann&rft.aufirst=DJ&rft.au=Peppard%2C+WJ&rft.au=Ledeboer%2C+NA&rft.au=Theesfeld%2C+ML&rft.au=Weigelt%2C+JA&rft.au=Buechel%2C+BJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Falagas2008-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Falagas2008_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Falagas2008_24-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Falagas2008_24-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFalagasSiemposVardakas2008" class="citation journal cs1">Falagas ME, Siempos II, Vardakas KZ (January 2008). "Linezolid versus glycopeptide or beta-lactam for treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials". Lancet Infectious Diseases. 8 (1): 53–66. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1473-3099%2807%2970312-2">10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70312-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1473-3099">1473-3099</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18156089">18156089</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Linezolid+versus+glycopeptide+or+beta-lactam+for+treatment+of+Gram-positive+bacterial+infections%3A+meta-analysis+of+randomised+controlled+trials&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E53-%3C%2Fspan%3E66&rft.date=2008-01&rft.issn=1473-3099&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18156089&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS1473-3099%2807%2970312-2&rft.aulast=Falagas&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.au=Siempos%2C+II&rft.au=Vardakas%2C+KZ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> Structured abstract with quality assessment available at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/CRDWeb/ShowRecord.asp?ID=12008005415">DARE</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111004094022/http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/CRDWeb/ShowRecord.asp?ID=12008005415">Archived</a> 4 October 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Tascini-25"><a href="#cite_ref-Tascini_25-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTasciniGemignaniDoria2009" class="citation journal cs1">Tascini C, Gemignani G, Doria R, et al. (June 2009). "Linezolid treatment for gram-positive infections: a retrospective comparison with teicoplanin". Journal of Chemotherapy. 21 (3): 311–6. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1179%2Fjoc.2009.21.3.311">10.1179/joc.2009.21.3.311</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1120-009X">1120-009X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19567352">19567352</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:19381342">19381342</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Linezolid+treatment+for+gram-positive+infections%3A+a+retrospective+comparison+with+teicoplanin&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E311-%3C%2Fspan%3E6&rft.date=2009-06&rft.issn=1120-009X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A19381342%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19567352&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1179%2Fjoc.2009.21.3.311&rft.aulast=Tascini&rft.aufirst=C&rft.au=Gemignani%2C+G&rft.au=Doria%2C+R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chow-26"><a href="#cite_ref-Chow_26-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChowLemosEinarson2008" class="citation journal cs1">Chow I, Lemos EV, Einarson TR (2008). "Management and prevention of diabetic foot ulcers and infections: a health economic review". PharmacoEconomics. 26 (12): 1019–35. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2165%2F0019053-200826120-00005">10.2165/0019053-200826120-00005</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19014203">19014203</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:30903985">30903985</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PharmacoEconomics&rft.atitle=Management+and+prevention+of+diabetic+foot+ulcers+and+infections%3A+a+health+economic+review&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1019-%3C%2Fspan%3E35&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A30903985%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19014203&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2165%2F0019053-200826120-00005&rft.aulast=Chow&rft.aufirst=I&rft.au=Lemos%2C+EV&rft.au=Einarson%2C+TR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lipsky-27"><a href="#cite_ref-Lipsky_27-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLipskyItaniNorden2004" class="citation journal cs1">Lipsky BA, Itani K, Norden C (January 2004). "Treating foot infections in diabetic patients: a randomized, multicenter, open-label trial of linezolid versus ampicillin-sulbactam/amoxicillin-clavulanate". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 38 (1): 17–24. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F380449">10.1086/380449</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14679443">14679443</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:20586344">20586344</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Treating+foot+infections+in+diabetic+patients%3A+a+randomized%2C+multicenter%2C+open-label+trial+of+linezolid+versus+ampicillin-sulbactam%2Famoxicillin-clavulanate&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E17-%3C%2Fspan%3E24&rft.date=2004-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A20586344%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14679443&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F380449&rft.aulast=Lipsky&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.au=Itani%2C+K&rft.au=Norden%2C+C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pigrau-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pigrau_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pigrau_28-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pigrau_28-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pigrau_28-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPigrauAlmirante2009" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pigrau C, Almirante B (April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110723082633/http://www.elsevier.es/sites/default/files/elsevier/pdf/28/28v27n04a13136682pdf001.pdf">"[Oxazolidinones, glycopeptides and cyclic lipopeptides]"</a> [Oxazolidinones, glycopeptides and cyclic lipopeptides] (PDF). Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiologia Clinica (in Spanish). 27 (4): 236–46. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.eimc.2009.02.004">10.1016/j.eimc.2009.02.004</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19406516">19406516</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elsevier.es/sites/default/files/elsevier/pdf/28/28v27n04a13136682pdf001.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 23 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Enfermedades+Infecciosas+y+Microbiologia+Clinica&rft.atitle=%5BOxazolidinones%2C+glycopeptides+and+cyclic+lipopeptides%5D&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E236-%3C%2Fspan%3E46&rft.date=2009-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.eimc.2009.02.004&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19406516&rft.aulast=Pigrau&rft.aufirst=C&rft.au=Almirante%2C+B&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elsevier.es%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Felsevier%2Fpdf%2F28%2F28v27n04a13136682pdf001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vardakas-29"><a href="#cite_ref-Vardakas_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVardakasHorianopoulouFalagas2008" class="citation journal cs1">Vardakas KZ, Horianopoulou M, Falagas ME (June 2008). "Factors associated with treatment failure in patients with diabetic foot infections: An analysis of data from randomized controlled trials". Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 80 (3): 344–51. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.diabres.2008.01.009">10.1016/j.diabres.2008.01.009</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18291550">18291550</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diabetes+Research+and+Clinical+Practice&rft.atitle=Factors+associated+with+treatment+failure+in+patients+with+diabetic+foot+infections%3A+An+analysis+of+data+from+randomized+controlled+trials&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E344-%3C%2Fspan%3E51&rft.date=2008-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.diabres.2008.01.009&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18291550&rft.aulast=Vardakas&rft.aufirst=KZ&rft.au=Horianopoulou%2C+M&rft.au=Falagas%2C+ME&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrammatikosFalagas2008" class="citation journal cs1">Grammatikos A, Falagas ME (2008). "Linezolid for the treatment of skin and soft tissue infection". <a href="/wiki/Expert_Review_of_Dermatology" title="Expert Review of Dermatology">Expert Review of Dermatology</a>. 3 (5): 539–48. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1586%2F17469872.3.5.539">10.1586/17469872.3.5.539</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Expert+Review+of+Dermatology&rft.atitle=Linezolid+for+the+treatment+of+skin+and+soft+tissue+infection&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E539-%3C%2Fspan%3E48&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1586%2F17469872.3.5.539&rft.aulast=Grammatikos&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Falagas%2C+ME&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-USCAPGuidelines-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USCAPGuidelines_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-USCAPGuidelines_31-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMandellWunderinkAnzueto2007" class="citation journal cs1">Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, et al. (March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7107997">"Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults"</a>. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 44 (Suppl 2): S27–72. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F511159">10.1086/511159</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1058-4838">1058-4838</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7107997">7107997</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17278083">17278083</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America%2FAmerican+Thoracic+Society+consensus+guidelines+on+the+management+of+community-acquired+pneumonia+in+adults&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=Suppl+2&rft.pages=S27-72&rft.date=2007-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7107997%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1058-4838&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17278083&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F511159&rft.aulast=Mandell&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.au=Wunderink%2C+RG&rft.au=Anzueto%2C+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7107997&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BTSCAPGuidelines-32"><a href="#cite_ref-BTSCAPGuidelines_32-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBTS_Pneumonia_Guidelines_Committee2004" class="citation web cs1">BTS Pneumonia Guidelines Committee (30 April 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090407092653/http://www.brit-thoracic.org.uk/Portals/0/Clinical%20Information/Pneumonia/Guidelines/MACAPrevisedApr04.pdf">"BTS guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in adults – 2004 update"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/British_Thoracic_Society" title="British Thoracic Society">British Thoracic Society</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brit-thoracic.org.uk/Portals/0/Clinical%20Information/Pneumonia/Guidelines/MACAPrevisedApr04.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 7 April 2009. Retrieved 30 June 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BTS+guidelines+for+the+management+of+community+acquired+pneumonia+in+adults+%E2%80%93+2004+update&rft.pub=British+Thoracic+Society&rft.date=2004-04-30&rft.au=BTS+Pneumonia+Guidelines+Committee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brit-thoracic.org.uk%2FPortals%2F0%2FClinical%2520Information%2FPneumonia%2FGuidelines%2FMACAPrevisedApr04.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-USHAPGuideline-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USHAPGuideline_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-USHAPGuideline_33-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-USHAPGuideline_33-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Thoracic_SocietyInfectious_Diseases_Society2005" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/American_Thoracic_Society" title="American Thoracic Society">American Thoracic Society</a>, <a href="/wiki/Infectious_Diseases_Society_of_America" title="Infectious Diseases Society of America">Infectious Diseases Society</a> (February 2005). "Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 171 (4): 388–416. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1164%2Frccm.200405-644ST">10.1164/rccm.200405-644ST</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15699079">15699079</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:14907563">14907563</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Respiratory+and+Critical+Care+Medicine&rft.atitle=Guidelines+for+the+management+of+adults+with+hospital-acquired%2C+ventilator-associated%2C+and+healthcare-associated+pneumonia&rft.volume=171&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E388-%3C%2Fspan%3E416&rft.date=2005-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A14907563%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15699079&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1164%2Frccm.200405-644ST&rft.au=American+Thoracic+Society&rft.au=Infectious+Diseases+Society&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoyaShibuyaKikkawaHaneda2004" class="citation journal cs1">Koya D, Shibuya K, Kikkawa R, Haneda M (December 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC544880">"Successful recovery of infective endocarditis-induced rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis by steroid therapy combined with antibiotics: a case report"</a>. BMC Nephrology. 5 (1): 18. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1471-2369-5-18">10.1186/1471-2369-5-18</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC544880">544880</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15610562">15610562</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Nephrology&rft.atitle=Successful+recovery+of+infective+endocarditis-induced+rapidly+progressive+glomerulonephritis+by+steroid+therapy+combined+with+antibiotics%3A+a+case+report&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=18&rft.date=2004-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC544880%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15610562&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1471-2369-5-18&rft.aulast=Koya&rft.aufirst=D&rft.au=Shibuya%2C+K&rft.au=Kikkawa%2C+R&rft.au=Haneda%2C+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC544880&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barbachyn-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Barbachyn_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barbachyn_35-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barbachyn_35-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barbachyn_35-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barbachyn_35-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barbachyn_35-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barbachyn_35-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barbachyn_35-7">h</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarbachynFord2003" class="citation journal cs1">Barbachyn MR, Ford CW (May 2003). "Oxazolidinone structure-activity relationships leading to linezolid". <a href="/wiki/Angewandte_Chemie" title="Angewandte Chemie">Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English</a>. 42 (18): 2010–23. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fanie.200200528">10.1002/anie.200200528</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1433-7851">1433-7851</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12746812">12746812</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Angewandte+Chemie+International+Edition+in+English&rft.atitle=Oxazolidinone+structure-activity+relationships+leading+to+linezolid&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=18&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2010-%3C%2Fspan%3E23&rft.date=2003-05&rft.issn=1433-7851&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12746812&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fanie.200200528&rft.aulast=Barbachyn&rft.aufirst=MR&rft.au=Ford%2C+CW&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPankeySabath2004" class="citation journal cs1">Pankey GA, Sabath LD (March 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F381972">"Clinical relevance of bacteriostatic versus bactericidal mechanisms of action in the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Clinical_Infectious_Diseases" title="Clinical Infectious Diseases">Clinical Infectious Diseases</a>. 38 (6): 864–70. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F381972">10.1086/381972</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1058-4838">1058-4838</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14999632">14999632</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Clinical+relevance+of+bacteriostatic+versus+bactericidal+mechanisms+of+action+in+the+treatment+of+Gram-positive+bacterial+infections&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E864-%3C%2Fspan%3E70&rft.date=2004-03&rft.issn=1058-4838&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14999632&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F381972&rft.aulast=Pankey&rft.aufirst=GA&rft.au=Sabath%2C+LD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1086%252F381972&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Falagas-37"><a href="#cite_ref-Falagas_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFalagasMantaNtzioraVardakas2006" class="citation journal cs1">Falagas ME, Manta KG, Ntziora F, Vardakas KZ (August 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkl219">"Linezolid for the treatment of patients with endocarditis: a systematic review of the published evidence"</a>. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 58 (2): 273–80. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkl219">10.1093/jac/dkl219</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16735427">16735427</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Linezolid+for+the+treatment+of+patients+with+endocarditis%3A+a+systematic+review+of+the+published+evidence&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E273-%3C%2Fspan%3E80&rft.date=2006-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkl219&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16735427&rft.aulast=Falagas&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.au=Manta%2C+KG&rft.au=Ntziora%2C+F&rft.au=Vardakas%2C+KZ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fjac%252Fdkl219&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBabcockRitchieChristiansenStarlin2001" class="citation journal cs1">Babcock HM, Ritchie DJ, Christiansen E, Starlin R, Little R, Stanley S (May 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F319986">"Successful treatment of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus endocarditis with oral linezolid"</a>. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 32 (9): 1373–5. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F319986">10.1086/319986</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1058-4838">1058-4838</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11303275">11303275</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Successful+treatment+of+vancomycin-resistant+Enterococcus+endocarditis+with+oral+linezolid&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1373-%3C%2Fspan%3E5&rft.date=2001-05&rft.issn=1058-4838&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11303275&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F319986&rft.aulast=Babcock&rft.aufirst=HM&rft.au=Ritchie%2C+DJ&rft.au=Christiansen%2C+E&rft.au=Starlin%2C+R&rft.au=Little%2C+R&rft.au=Stanley%2C+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1086%252F319986&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAngLuaTurnerAsmar2003" class="citation journal cs1">Ang JY, Lua JL, Turner DR, Asmar BI (December 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2F01.inf.0000101784.83146.0c">"Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium endocarditis in a premature infant successfully treated with linezolid"</a>. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 22 (12): 1101–3. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2F01.inf.0000101784.83146.0c">10.1097/01.inf.0000101784.83146.0c</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0891-3668">0891-3668</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14688576">14688576</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Pediatric+Infectious+Disease+Journal&rft.atitle=Vancomycin-resistant+Enterococcus+faecium+endocarditis+in+a+premature+infant+successfully+treated+with+linezolid&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1101-%3C%2Fspan%3E3&rft.date=2003-12&rft.issn=0891-3668&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14688576&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2F01.inf.0000101784.83146.0c&rft.aulast=Ang&rft.aufirst=JY&rft.au=Lua%2C+JL&rft.au=Turner%2C+DR&rft.au=Asmar%2C+BI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1097%252F01.inf.0000101784.83146.0c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArchuletaMurphyKeller2004" class="citation journal cs1">Archuleta S, Murphy B, Keller MJ (September 2004). "Successful treatment of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium endocarditis with linezolid in a renal transplant recipient with human immunodeficiency virus infection". Transplant Infectious Disease. 6 (3): 117–9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1399-3062.2004.00059.x">10.1111/j.1399-3062.2004.00059.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1398-2273">1398-2273</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15569227">15569227</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:40817941">40817941</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transplant+Infectious+Disease&rft.atitle=Successful+treatment+of+vancomycin-resistant+Enterococcus+faecium+endocarditis+with+linezolid+in+a+renal+transplant+recipient+with+human+immunodeficiency+virus+infection&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E117-%3C%2Fspan%3E9&rft.date=2004-09&rft.issn=1398-2273&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A40817941%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15569227&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1399-3062.2004.00059.x&rft.aulast=Archuleta&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Murphy%2C+B&rft.au=Keller%2C+MJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZimmerCaliendoThigpenSomani2003" class="citation journal cs1">Zimmer SM, Caliendo AM, Thigpen MC, Somani J (August 2003). "Failure of linezolid treatment for enterococcal endocarditis". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 37 (3): e29–30. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F375877">10.1086/375877</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1058-4838">1058-4838</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12884185">12884185</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Failure+of+linezolid+treatment+for+enterococcal+endocarditis&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=e29-30&rft.date=2003-08&rft.issn=1058-4838&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12884185&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F375877&rft.aulast=Zimmer&rft.aufirst=SM&rft.au=Caliendo%2C+AM&rft.au=Thigpen%2C+MC&rft.au=Somani%2C+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTsigrelisSinghCoutinhoMurray2007" class="citation journal cs1">Tsigrelis C, Singh KV, Coutinho TD, Murray BE, Baddour LM (February 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1829077">"Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis Endocarditis: Linezolid Failure and Strain Characterization of Virulence Factors"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Clinical_Microbiology" title="Journal of Clinical Microbiology">Journal of Clinical Microbiology</a>. 45 (2): 631–5. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1128%2FJCM.02188-06">10.1128/JCM.02188-06</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1829077">1829077</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17182759">17182759</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Vancomycin-Resistant+Enterococcus+faecalis+Endocarditis%3A+Linezolid+Failure+and+Strain+Characterization+of+Virulence+Factors&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E631-%3C%2Fspan%3E5&rft.date=2007-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1829077%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17182759&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1128%2FJCM.02188-06&rft.aulast=Tsigrelis&rft.aufirst=C&rft.au=Singh%2C+KV&rft.au=Coutinho%2C+TD&rft.au=Murray%2C+BE&rft.au=Baddour%2C+LM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1829077&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerdalEskesen2008" class="citation journal cs1">Berdal JE, Eskesen A (2008). "Short-term success, but long-term treatment failure with linezolid for enterococcal endocarditis". Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. 40 (9): 765–6. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00365540802087209">10.1080/00365540802087209</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0036-5548">0036-5548</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18609208">18609208</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:12651659">12651659</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Short-term+success%2C+but+long-term+treatment+failure+with+linezolid+for+enterococcal+endocarditis&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E765-%3C%2Fspan%3E6&rft.date=2008&rft.issn=0036-5548&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A12651659%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18609208&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00365540802087209&rft.aulast=Berdal&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.au=Eskesen%2C+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFalagasSiemposPapagelopoulosVardakas2007" class="citation journal cs1">Falagas ME, Siempos II, Papagelopoulos PJ, Vardakas KZ (March 2007). "Linezolid for the treatment of adults with bone and joint infections". International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 29 (3): 233–9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijantimicag.2006.08.030">10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.08.030</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0924-8579">0924-8579</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17204407">17204407</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Agents&rft.atitle=Linezolid+for+the+treatment+of+adults+with+bone+and+joint+infections&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E233-%3C%2Fspan%3E9&rft.date=2007-03&rft.issn=0924-8579&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17204407&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ijantimicag.2006.08.030&rft.aulast=Falagas&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.au=Siempos%2C+II&rft.au=Papagelopoulos%2C+PJ&rft.au=Vardakas%2C+KZ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> Review. </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBassettiVitaleMelica2005" class="citation journal cs1">Bassetti M, Vitale F, Melica G, et al. (March 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdki016">"Linezolid in the treatment of Gram-positive prosthetic joint infections"</a>. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 55 (3): 387–90. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdki016">10.1093/jac/dki016</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15705640">15705640</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Linezolid+in+the+treatment+of+Gram-positive+prosthetic+joint+infections&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E387-%3C%2Fspan%3E90&rft.date=2005-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdki016&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15705640&rft.aulast=Bassetti&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Vitale%2C+F&rft.au=Melica%2C+G&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fjac%252Fdki016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAneziokoroCannonPachuckiLentino2005" class="citation journal cs1">Aneziokoro CO, Cannon JP, Pachucki CT, Lentino JR (December 2005). "The effectiveness and safety of oral linezolid for the primary and secondary treatment of osteomyelitis". Journal of Chemotherapy. 17 (6): 643–50. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1179%2Fjoc.2005.17.6.643">10.1179/joc.2005.17.6.643</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1120-009X">1120-009X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16433195">16433195</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:46391229">46391229</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=The+effectiveness+and+safety+of+oral+linezolid+for+the+primary+and+secondary+treatment+of+osteomyelitis&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E643-%3C%2Fspan%3E50&rft.date=2005-12&rft.issn=1120-009X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A46391229%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16433195&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1179%2Fjoc.2005.17.6.643&rft.aulast=Aneziokoro&rft.aufirst=CO&rft.au=Cannon%2C+JP&rft.au=Pachucki%2C+CT&rft.au=Lentino%2C+JR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSennevilleLegoutValette2006" class="citation journal cs1">Senneville E, Legout L, Valette M, et al. (August 2006). "Effectiveness and tolerability of prolonged linezolid treatment for chronic osteomyelitis: a retrospective study". Clinical Therapeutics. 28 (8): 1155–63. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.clinthera.2006.08.001">10.1016/j.clinthera.2006.08.001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0149-2918">0149-2918</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16982292">16982292</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Therapeutics&rft.atitle=Effectiveness+and+tolerability+of+prolonged+linezolid+treatment+for+chronic+osteomyelitis%3A+a+retrospective+study&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1155-%3C%2Fspan%3E63&rft.date=2006-08&rft.issn=0149-2918&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16982292&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.clinthera.2006.08.001&rft.aulast=Senneville&rft.aufirst=E&rft.au=Legout%2C+L&rft.au=Valette%2C+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaoHamilton2007" class="citation journal cs1">Rao N, Hamilton CW (October 2007). "Efficacy and safety of linezolid for Gram-positive orthopedic infections: a prospective case series". Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease. 59 (2): 173–9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.diagmicrobio.2007.04.006">10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2007.04.006</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0732-8893">0732-8893</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17574788">17574788</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diagnostic+Microbiology+and+Infectious+Disease&rft.atitle=Efficacy+and+safety+of+linezolid+for+Gram-positive+orthopedic+infections%3A+a+prospective+case+series&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E173-%3C%2Fspan%3E9&rft.date=2007-10&rft.issn=0732-8893&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17574788&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.diagmicrobio.2007.04.006&rft.aulast=Rao&rft.aufirst=N&rft.au=Hamilton%2C+CW&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPapadopoulosPlachourasGiannitsiotiPoulakou2009" class="citation journal cs1">Papadopoulos A, Plachouras D, Giannitsioti E, Poulakou G, Giamarellou H, Kanellakopoulou K (April 2009). "Efficacy and tolerability of linezolid in chronic osteomyelitis and prosthetic joint infections: a case-control study". Journal of Chemotherapy. 21 (2): 165–9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1179%2Fjoc.2009.21.2.165">10.1179/joc.2009.21.2.165</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1120-009X">1120-009X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19423469">19423469</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:12400080">12400080</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Efficacy+and+tolerability+of+linezolid+in+chronic+osteomyelitis+and+prosthetic+joint+infections%3A+a+case-control+study&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E165-%3C%2Fspan%3E9&rft.date=2009-04&rft.issn=1120-009X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A12400080%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19423469&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1179%2Fjoc.2009.21.2.165&rft.aulast=Papadopoulos&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Plachouras%2C+D&rft.au=Giannitsioti%2C+E&rft.au=Poulakou%2C+G&rft.au=Giamarellou%2C+H&rft.au=Kanellakopoulou%2C+K&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lippea2006-50"><a href="#cite_ref-Lippea2006_50-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_der_LippeSandvenBrubakk2006" class="citation journal cs1">von der Lippe B, Sandven P, Brubakk O (February 2006). "Efficacy and safety of linezolid in multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB)--a report of ten cases". The Journal of Infection. 52 (2): 92–6. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jinf.2005.04.007">10.1016/j.jinf.2005.04.007</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15907341">15907341</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Infection&rft.atitle=Efficacy+and+safety+of+linezolid+in+multidrug+resistant+tuberculosis+%28MDR-TB%29--a+report+of+ten+cases&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E92-%3C%2Fspan%3E6&rft.date=2006-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jinf.2005.04.007&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15907341&rft.aulast=von+der+Lippe&rft.aufirst=B&rft.au=Sandven%2C+P&rft.au=Brubakk%2C+O&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Park2006-51"><a href="#cite_ref-Park2006_51-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParkHongOhKim2006" class="citation journal cs1">Park IN, Hong SB, Oh YM, Kim MN, Lim CM, Lee SD, et al. (September 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkl298">"Efficacy and tolerability of daily-half dose linezolid in patients with intractable multidrug-resistant tuberculosis"</a>. The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 58 (3): 701–4. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkl298">10.1093/jac/dkl298</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16857689">16857689</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Efficacy+and+tolerability+of+daily-half+dose+linezolid+in+patients+with+intractable+multidrug-resistant+tuberculosis&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E701-%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.date=2006-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkl298&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16857689&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=IN&rft.au=Hong%2C+SB&rft.au=Oh%2C+YM&rft.au=Kim%2C+MN&rft.au=Lim%2C+CM&rft.au=Lee%2C+SD&rft.au=Koh%2C+Y&rft.au=Kim%2C+WS&rft.au=Kim%2C+DS&rft.au=Kim%2C+WD&rft.au=Shim%2C+TS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fjac%252Fdkl298&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFortúnMartín-DávilaNavasPérez-Elías2005" class="citation journal cs1">Fortún J, Martín-Dávila P, Navas E, Pérez-Elías MJ, Cobo J, Tato M, et al. (July 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdki148">"Linezolid for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis"</a>. The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 56 (1): 180–5. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdki148">10.1093/jac/dki148</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15911549">15911549</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Linezolid+for+the+treatment+of+multidrug-resistant+tuberculosis&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E180-%3C%2Fspan%3E5&rft.date=2005-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdki148&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15911549&rft.aulast=Fort%C3%BAn&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Mart%C3%ADn-D%C3%A1vila%2C+P&rft.au=Navas%2C+E&rft.au=P%C3%A9rez-El%C3%ADas%2C+MJ&rft.au=Cobo%2C+J&rft.au=Tato%2C+M&rft.au=De+la+Pedrosa%2C+EG&rft.au=G%C3%B3mez-Mampaso%2C+E&rft.au=Moreno%2C+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fjac%252Fdki148&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaksicMartinelliPerez-OteyzaHartman2006" class="citation journal cs1">Jaksic B, Martinelli G, Perez-Oteyza J, Hartman CS, Leonard LB, Tack KJ (March 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F500139">"Efficacy and safety of linezolid compared with vancomycin in a randomized, double-blind study of febrile neutropenic patients with cancer"</a>. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 42 (5): 597–607. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F500139">10.1086/500139</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1058-4838">1058-4838</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16447103">16447103</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Efficacy+and+safety+of+linezolid+compared+with+vancomycin+in+a+randomized%2C+double-blind+study+of+febrile+neutropenic+patients+with+cancer&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E597-%3C%2Fspan%3E607&rft.date=2006-03&rft.issn=1058-4838&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16447103&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F500139&rft.aulast=Jaksic&rft.aufirst=B&rft.au=Martinelli%2C+G&rft.au=Perez-Oteyza%2C+J&rft.au=Hartman%2C+CS&rft.au=Leonard%2C+LB&rft.au=Tack%2C+KJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1086%252F500139&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> Criticism in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F504431">10.1086/504431</a>; author reply in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F504437">10.1086/504437</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Moellering-54">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Moellering_54-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moellering_54-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moellering_54-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moellering_54-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moellering_54-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moellering_54-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moellering_54-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moellering_54-7">h</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoellering2003" class="citation journal cs1">Moellering RC (January 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memberfiles.freewebs.com/53/35/75763553/documents/Linezolid%20The%20First%20Oxazolidinone%20Antimicrobial.pdf">"Linezolid: the first oxazolidinone antimicrobial"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Annals_of_Internal_Medicine" title="Annals of Internal Medicine">Annals of Internal Medicine</a>. 138 (2): 135–42. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7326%2F0003-4819-138-2-200301210-00015">10.7326/0003-4819-138-2-200301210-00015</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-4819">0003-4819</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12529096">12529096</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:23689046">23689046</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200314075925/https://memberfiles.freewebs.com/53/35/75763553/documents/Linezolid%20The%20First%20Oxazolidinone%20Antimicrobial.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 14 March 2020. Retrieved 25 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Internal+Medicine&rft.atitle=Linezolid%3A+the+first+oxazolidinone+antimicrobial&rft.volume=138&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E135-%3C%2Fspan%3E42&rft.date=2003-01&rft.issn=0003-4819&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A23689046%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12529096&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7326%2F0003-4819-138-2-200301210-00015&rft.aulast=Moellering&rft.aufirst=RC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmemberfiles.freewebs.com%2F53%2F35%2F75763553%2Fdocuments%2FLinezolid%2520The%2520First%2520Oxazolidinone%2520Antimicrobial.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCottagnoudGerberAcostaCottagnoud2000" class="citation journal cs1">Cottagnoud P, Gerber CM, Acosta F, Cottagnoud M, Neftel K, Täuber MG (December 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjac%2F46.6.981">"Linezolid against penicillin-sensitive and -resistant pneumococci in the rabbit meningitis model"</a>. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 46 (6): 981–5. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjac%2F46.6.981">10.1093/jac/46.6.981</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11102418">11102418</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Linezolid+against+penicillin-sensitive+and+-resistant+pneumococci+in+the+rabbit+meningitis+model&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E981-%3C%2Fspan%3E5&rft.date=2000-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjac%2F46.6.981&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11102418&rft.aulast=Cottagnoud&rft.aufirst=P&rft.au=Gerber%2C+CM&rft.au=Acosta%2C+F&rft.au=Cottagnoud%2C+M&rft.au=Neftel%2C+K&rft.au=T%C3%A4uber%2C+MG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fjac%252F46.6.981&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sabbatani-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sabbatani_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sabbatani_56-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSabbataniManfrediFrankChiodo2005" class="citation journal cs1">Sabbatani S, Manfredi R, Frank G, Chiodo F (June 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722035501/http://www.infezmed.it/VisualizzaUnArticolo.aspx?Anno=2005&numero=2&ArticoloDaVisualizzare=Vol_13_2_2005_8">"Linezolid in the treatment of severe central nervous system infections resistant to recommended antimicrobial compounds"</a>. Le Infezioni in Medicina. 13 (2): 112–9. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1124-9390">1124-9390</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16220032">16220032</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infezmed.it/VisualizzaUnArticolo.aspx?Anno=2005&numero=2&ArticoloDaVisualizzare=Vol_13_2_2005_8">the original</a> on 22 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Infezioni+in+Medicina&rft.atitle=Linezolid+in+the+treatment+of+severe+central+nervous+system+infections+resistant+to+recommended+antimicrobial+compounds&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E112-%3C%2Fspan%3E9&rft.date=2005-06&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16220032&rft.issn=1124-9390&rft.aulast=Sabbatani&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Manfredi%2C+R&rft.au=Frank%2C+G&rft.au=Chiodo%2C+F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infezmed.it%2FVisualizzaUnArticolo.aspx%3FAnno%3D2005%26numero%3D2%26ArticoloDaVisualizzare%3DVol_13_2_2005_8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNtzioraFalagas2007" class="citation journal cs1">Ntziora F, Falagas ME (February 2007). "Linezolid for the treatment of patients with central nervous system infection". Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 41 (2): 296–308. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1345%2Faph.1H307">10.1345/aph.1H307</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1060-0280">1060-0280</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17284501">17284501</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:33514115">33514115</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Pharmacotherapy&rft.atitle=Linezolid+for+the+treatment+of+patients+with+central+nervous+system+infection&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E296-%3C%2Fspan%3E308&rft.date=2007-02&rft.issn=1060-0280&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A33514115%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17284501&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1345%2Faph.1H307&rft.aulast=Ntziora&rft.aufirst=F&rft.au=Falagas%2C+ME&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> Structured abstract with quality assessment available at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/CRDWeb/ShowRecord.asp?ID=12007005296">DARE</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110902114025/http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/CRDWeb/ShowRecord.asp?ID=12007005296">Archived</a> 2 September 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTunkelHartmanKaplan2004" class="citation journal cs1">Tunkel AR, Hartman BJ, Kaplan SL, et al. (November 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F425368">"Practice guidelines for the management of bacterial meningitis"</a>. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 39 (9): 1267–84. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F425368">10.1086/425368</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1058-4838">1058-4838</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15494903">15494903</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Practice+guidelines+for+the+management+of+bacterial+meningitis&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1267-%3C%2Fspan%3E84&rft.date=2004-11&rft.issn=1058-4838&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15494903&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F425368&rft.aulast=Tunkel&rft.aufirst=AR&rft.au=Hartman%2C+BJ&rft.au=Kaplan%2C+SL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1086%252F425368&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Naesens-59"><a href="#cite_ref-Naesens_59-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaesensRonsynDruwéDenis2009" class="citation journal cs1">Naesens R, Ronsyn M, Druwé P, Denis O, Ieven M, Jeurissen A (June 2009). "Central nervous system invasion by community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: case report and review of the literature". <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Medical_Microbiology" title="Journal of Medical Microbiology">Journal of Medical Microbiology</a>. 58 (Pt 9): 1247–51. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1099%2Fjmm.0.011130-0">10.1099/jmm.0.011130-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-2615">0022-2615</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19528145">19528145</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Central+nervous+system+invasion+by+community-acquired+methicillin-resistant+Staphylococcus+aureus%3A+case+report+and+review+of+the+literature&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=Pt+9&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1247-%3C%2Fspan%3E51&rft.date=2009-06&rft.issn=0022-2615&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19528145&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1099%2Fjmm.0.011130-0&rft.aulast=Naesens&rft.aufirst=R&rft.au=Ronsyn%2C+M&rft.au=Druw%C3%A9%2C+P&rft.au=Denis%2C+O&rft.au=Ieven%2C+M&rft.au=Jeurissen%2C+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CRBSI-60">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CRBSI_60-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRBSI_60-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRBSI_60-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF[No_authors_listed]2007" class="citation web cs1">[No authors listed] (16 March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/DrugSafetyInformationforHeathcareProfessionals/ucm085249.htm">"Information for Healthcare Professionals: Linezolid (marketed as Zyvox)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Food and Drug Administration (United States)">U.S. Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101019044734/https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/DrugSafetyInformationforHeathcareProfessionals/ucm085249.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2010. Retrieved 15 September 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Information+for+Healthcare+Professionals%3A+Linezolid+%28marketed+as+Zyvox%29&rft.pub=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration+%28FDA%29&rft.date=2007-03-16&rft.au=%5BNo+authors+listed%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2FDrugs%2FDrugSafety%2FPostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders%2FDrugSafetyInformationforHeathcareProfessionals%2Fucm085249.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilcox-61">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wilcox_61-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilcox_61-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilcoxTackBouza2009" class="citation journal cs1">Wilcox MH, Tack KJ, Bouza E, et al. (January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F595686">"Complicated skin and skin-structure infections and catheter-related bloodstream infections: noninferiority of linezolid in a phase 3 study"</a>. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 48 (2): 203–12. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F595686">10.1086/595686</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1058-4838">1058-4838</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19072714">19072714</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Complicated+skin+and+skin-structure+infections+and+catheter-related+bloodstream+infections%3A+noninferiority+of+linezolid+in+a+phase+3+study&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E203-%3C%2Fspan%3E12&rft.date=2009-01&rft.issn=1058-4838&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19072714&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F595686&rft.aulast=Wilcox&rft.aufirst=MH&rft.au=Tack%2C+KJ&rft.au=Bouza%2C+E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1086%252F595686&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-American_Family_Physician-62">^ <a href="#cite_ref-American_Family_Physician_62-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-American_Family_Physician_62-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-American_Family_Physician_62-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmentJamshedHorne2002" class="citation journal cs1">Ament PW, Jamshed N, Horne JP (February 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aafp.org/afp/20020215/663.html">"Linezolid: its role in the treatment of gram-positive, drug-resistant bacterial infections"</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Family_Physician" title="American Family Physician">American Family Physician</a>. 65 (4): 663–70. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-838X">0002-838X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11871684">11871684</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080724045942/http://www.aafp.org/afp/20020215/663.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Family+Physician&rft.atitle=Linezolid%3A+its+role+in+the+treatment+of+gram-positive%2C+drug-resistant+bacterial+infections&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E663-%3C%2Fspan%3E70&rft.date=2002-02&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11871684&rft.issn=0002-838X&rft.aulast=Ament&rft.aufirst=PW&rft.au=Jamshed%2C+N&rft.au=Horne%2C+JP&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aafp.org%2Fafp%2F20020215%2F663.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Buck-63"><a href="#cite_ref-Buck_63-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuck2003" class="citation journal cs1">Buck ML (June 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110605115607/http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/alive/pediatrics/PharmNews/200306.pdf">"Linezolid use for resistant Gram-positive infections in children"</a> (PDF). Pediatric Pharmacotherapy. 9 (6). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/alive/pediatrics/PharmNews/200306.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 8 June 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatric+Pharmacotherapy&rft.atitle=Linezolid+use+for+resistant+Gram-positive+infections+in+children&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=6&rft.date=2003-06&rft.aulast=Buck&rft.aufirst=ML&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.healthsystem.virginia.edu%2Falive%2Fpediatrics%2FPharmNews%2F200306.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lexi-Comp-64">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lexi-Comp_64-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lexi-Comp_64-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lexi-Comp_64-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lexi-Comp_64-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lexi-Comp_64-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lexi-Comp_64-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lexi-Comp_64-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLexi-Comp2008" class="citation web cs1">Lexi-Comp (August 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merck.com/mmpe/lexicomp/linezolid.html">"Linezolid"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Merck_Manual_of_Diagnosis_and_Therapy" title="Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy">The Merck Manual Professional</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090426220140/http://www.merck.com/mmpe/lexicomp/linezolid.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Merck+Manual+Professional&rft.atitle=Linezolid&rft.date=2008-08&rft.au=Lexi-Comp&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merck.com%2Fmmpe%2Flexicomp%2Flinezolid.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> Retrieved on 14 May 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoveringLe_FlochHovsepian2009" class="citation journal cs1">Lovering AM, Le Floch R, Hovsepian L, et al. (March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkn541">"Pharmacokinetic evaluation of linezolid in patients with major thermal injuries"</a>. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 63 (3): 553–9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkn541">10.1093/jac/dkn541</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0305-7453">0305-7453</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19153078">19153078</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Pharmacokinetic+evaluation+of+linezolid+in+patients+with+major+thermal+injuries&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E553-%3C%2Fspan%3E9&rft.date=2009-03&rft.issn=0305-7453&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19153078&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkn541&rft.aulast=Lovering&rft.aufirst=AM&rft.au=Le+Floch%2C+R&rft.au=Hovsepian%2C+L&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fjac%252Fdkn541&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-InfectiousDiseases-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-InfectiousDiseases_66-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-InfectiousDiseases_66-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavaroGlewDaly2004" class="citation book cs1">Davaro RE, Glew RH, Daly JS (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=91altE1evAsC&pg=PP241">"Oxazolidinones, quinupristin-dalfopristin, and daptomycin"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Sherwood_Gorbach" title="Sherwood Gorbach">Gorbach SL</a>, Bartlett JG, Blacklow NR (eds.). Infectious diseases. Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 241–3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7817-3371-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7817-3371-7"><bdi>978-0-7817-3371-7</bdi></a>. Retrieved 20 June 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Oxazolidinones%2C+quinupristin-dalfopristin%2C+and+daptomycin&rft.btitle=Infectious+diseases&rft.place=Hagerstown%2C+MD&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E241-%3C%2Fspan%3E3&rft.pub=Lippincott+Williams+%26+Wilkins&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7817-3371-7&rft.aulast=Davaro&rft.aufirst=RE&rft.au=Glew%2C+RH&rft.au=Daly%2C+JS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D91altE1evAsC%26pg%3DPP241&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jones-67"><a href="#cite_ref-Jones_67-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonesStilwellHoganSheehan2007" class="citation journal cs1">Jones RN, Stilwell MG, Hogan PA, Sheehan DJ (April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1855453">"Activity of Linezolid against 3,251 Strains of Uncommonly Isolated Gram-Positive Organisms: Report from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program"</a>. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 51 (4): 1491–3. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1128%2FAAC.01496-06">10.1128/AAC.01496-06</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1855453">1855453</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17210770">17210770</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+and+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Activity+of+Linezolid+against+3%2C251+Strains+of+Uncommonly+Isolated+Gram-Positive+Organisms%3A+Report+from+the+SENTRY+Antimicrobial+Surveillance+Program&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1491-%3C%2Fspan%3E3&rft.date=2007-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1855453%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17210770&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1128%2FAAC.01496-06&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=RN&rft.au=Stilwell%2C+MG&rft.au=Hogan%2C+PA&rft.au=Sheehan%2C+DJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1855453&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJodlowskiMelnychukConry2007" class="citation journal cs1">Jodlowski TZ, Melnychuk I, Conry J (October 2007). "Linezolid for the treatment of Nocardia spp. infections". <a href="/wiki/Annals_of_Pharmacotherapy" title="Annals of Pharmacotherapy">Annals of Pharmacotherapy</a>. 41 (10): 1694–9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1345%2Faph.1K196">10.1345/aph.1K196</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1060-0280">1060-0280</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17785610">17785610</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:33975237">33975237</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Pharmacotherapy&rft.atitle=Linezolid+for+the+treatment+of+Nocardia+spp.+infections&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1694-%3C%2Fspan%3E9&rft.date=2007-10&rft.issn=1060-0280&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A33975237%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17785610&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1345%2Faph.1K196&rft.aulast=Jodlowski&rft.aufirst=TZ&rft.au=Melnychuk%2C+I&rft.au=Conry%2C+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DrugTherPerspect-69">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DrugTherPerspect_69-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DrugTherPerspect_69-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DrugTherPerspect_69-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DrugTherPerspect_69-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF[No_authors_listed]2001" class="citation journal cs1">[No authors listed] (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/406493">"Linezolid: First of a New Drug Class for Gram-Positive Infections"</a>. Drugs & Therapy Perspectives. 17 (9): 1–6. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2165%2F00042310-200117090-00001">10.2165/00042310-200117090-00001</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:195232060">195232060</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130521043752/http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/406493">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drugs+%26+Therapy+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Linezolid%3A+First+of+a+New+Drug+Class+for+Gram-Positive+Infections&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E6&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2165%2F00042310-200117090-00001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A195232060%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=%5BNo+authors+listed%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medscape.com%2Fviewarticle%2F406493&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> Free full text with registration at <a href="/wiki/Medscape" title="Medscape">Medscape</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF[No_authors_listed]2008" class="citation web cs1">[No authors listed] (5 August 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100126195237/http://www.hpa.org.uk/webw/HPAweb%26HPAwebStandard/HPAweb_C/1195733833519?p=1203409654995">"Animal Bites and Pasteurella multocida: Information for Healthcare Staff"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Health_Protection_Agency" title="Health Protection Agency">Health Protection Agency</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hpa.org.uk/webw/HPAweb&HPAwebStandard/HPAweb_C/1195733833519?p=1203409654995">the original</a> on 26 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Animal+Bites+and+Pasteurella+multocida%3A+Information+for+Healthcare+Staff&rft.pub=Health+Protection+Agency&rft.date=2008-08-05&rft.au=%5BNo+authors+listed%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hpa.org.uk%2Fwebw%2FHPAweb%26HPAwebStandard%2FHPAweb_C%2F1195733833519%3Fp%3D1203409654995&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> Retrieved on 15 May 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeislerMalhotraStamm2001" class="citation journal cs1">Geisler WM, Malhotra U, Stamm WE (December 2001). "Pneumonia and sepsis due to fluoroquinolone-resistant Capnocytophaga gingivalis after autologous stem cell transplantation". Bone Marrow Transplantation. 28 (12): 1171–3. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.bmt.1703288">10.1038/sj.bmt.1703288</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0268-3369">0268-3369</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11803363">11803363</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:34825943">34825943</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bone+Marrow+Transplantation&rft.atitle=Pneumonia+and+sepsis+due+to+fluoroquinolone-resistant+Capnocytophaga+gingivalis+after+autologous+stem+cell+transplantation&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1171-%3C%2Fspan%3E3&rft.date=2001-12&rft.issn=0268-3369&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A34825943%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11803363&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fsj.bmt.1703288&rft.aulast=Geisler&rft.aufirst=WM&rft.au=Malhotra%2C+U&rft.au=Stamm%2C+WE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Livermore-72">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Livermore_72-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Livermore_72-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Livermore_72-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLivermore2000" class="citation journal cs1">Livermore DM (September 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjac%2F46.3.347">"Quinupristin/dalfopristin and linezolid: where, when, which and whether to use?"</a>. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 46 (3): 347–50. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjac%2F46.3.347">10.1093/jac/46.3.347</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0305-7453">0305-7453</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10980159">10980159</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Quinupristin%2Fdalfopristin+and+linezolid%3A+where%2C+when%2C+which+and+whether+to+use%3F&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E347-%3C%2Fspan%3E50&rft.date=2000-09&rft.issn=0305-7453&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10980159&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjac%2F46.3.347&rft.aulast=Livermore&rft.aufirst=DM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fjac%252F46.3.347&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-French-73">^ <a href="#cite_ref-French_73-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-French_73-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-French_73-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-French_73-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-French_73-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-French_73-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-French_73-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-French_73-7">h</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrench2003" class="citation journal cs1">French G (May 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkg253">"Safety and tolerability of linezolid"</a>. The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 51 (Suppl 2): ii45–53. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkg253">10.1093/jac/dkg253</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12730142">12730142</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Safety+and+tolerability+of+linezolid&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=Suppl+2&rft.pages=ii45-53&rft.date=2003-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkg253&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12730142&rft.aulast=French&rft.aufirst=G&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fjac%252Fdkg253&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> Review. Includes extensive discussion of the hematological adverse effects of linezolid. </li> <li id="cite_note-Metaxas-74">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Metaxas_74-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Metaxas_74-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Metaxas_74-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Metaxas_74-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMetaxasFalagas2009" class="citation journal cs1">Metaxas EI, Falagas ME (July 2009). "Update on the safety of linezolid". Expert Opinion on Drug Safety. 8 (4): 485–91. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1517%2F14740330903049706">10.1517/14740330903049706</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19538105">19538105</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:5691388">5691388</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Expert+Opinion+on+Drug+Safety&rft.atitle=Update+on+the+safety+of+linezolid&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E485-%3C%2Fspan%3E91&rft.date=2009-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A5691388%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19538105&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1517%2F14740330903049706&rft.aulast=Metaxas&rft.aufirst=EI&rft.au=Falagas%2C+ME&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZabelWorm2005" class="citation journal cs1">Zabel LT, Worm S (June 2005). "Linezolid contributed to Clostridium difficile colitis with fatal outcome". Infection. 33 (3): 155–7. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs15010-005-4112-6">10.1007/s15010-005-4112-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15940418">15940418</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:37705529">37705529</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection&rft.atitle=Linezolid+contributed+to+Clostridium+difficile+colitis+with+fatal+outcome&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E155-%3C%2Fspan%3E7&rft.date=2005-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A37705529%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15940418&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs15010-005-4112-6&rft.aulast=Zabel&rft.aufirst=LT&rft.au=Worm%2C+S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeláezAlonsoPérezAlcalá2002" class="citation journal cs1">Peláez T, Alonso R, Pérez C, Alcalá L, Cuevas O, Bouza E (May 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC127182">"In vitro activity of linezolid against Clostridium difficile"</a>. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 46 (5): 1617–8. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1128%2FAAC.46.5.1617-1618.2002">10.1128/AAC.46.5.1617-1618.2002</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC127182">127182</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11959617">11959617</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+and+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=In+vitro+activity+of+linezolid+against+Clostridium+difficile&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1617-%3C%2Fspan%3E8&rft.date=2002-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC127182%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11959617&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1128%2FAAC.46.5.1617-1618.2002&rft.aulast=Pel%C3%A1ez&rft.aufirst=T&rft.au=Alonso%2C+R&rft.au=P%C3%A9rez%2C+C&rft.au=Alcal%C3%A1%2C+L&rft.au=Cuevas%2C+O&rft.au=Bouza%2C+E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC127182&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinWuTsaiHo2006" class="citation journal cs1">Lin YH, Wu VC, Tsai IJ, Ho YL, Hwang JJ, Tsau YK, et al. (October 2006). "High frequency of linezolid-associated thrombocytopenia among patients with renal insufficiency". International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 28 (4): 345–351. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijantimicag.2006.04.017">10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.017</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16935472">16935472</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Agents&rft.atitle=High+frequency+of+linezolid-associated+thrombocytopenia+among+patients+with+renal+insufficiency&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E345-%3C%2Fspan%3E351&rft.date=2006-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ijantimicag.2006.04.017&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16935472&rft.aulast=Lin&rft.aufirst=YH&rft.au=Wu%2C+VC&rft.au=Tsai%2C+IJ&rft.au=Ho%2C+YL&rft.au=Hwang%2C+JJ&rft.au=Tsau%2C+YK&rft.au=Wu%2C+CY&rft.au=Wu%2C+KD&rft.au=Hsueh%2C+PR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpellbergYooBayer2004" class="citation journal cs1">Spellberg B, Yoo T, Bayer AS (October 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkh405">"Reversal of linezolid-associated cytopenias, but not peripheral neuropathy, by administration of vitamin B6"</a>. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 54 (4): 832–5. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkh405">10.1093/jac/dkh405</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15317746">15317746</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Reversal+of+linezolid-associated+cytopenias%2C+but+not+peripheral+neuropathy%2C+by+administration+of+vitamin+B6&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E832-%3C%2Fspan%3E5&rft.date=2004-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkh405&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15317746&rft.aulast=Spellberg&rft.aufirst=B&rft.au=Yoo%2C+T&rft.au=Bayer%2C+AS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fjac%252Fdkh405&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlachourasGiannitsiotiAthanassia2006" class="citation journal cs1">Plachouras D, Giannitsioti E, Athanassia S, et al. (November 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F508280">"No effect of pyridoxine on the incidence of myelosuppression during prolonged linezolid treatment"</a>. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 43 (9): e89–91. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F508280">10.1086/508280</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1058-4838">1058-4838</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17029128">17029128</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=No+effect+of+pyridoxine+on+the+incidence+of+myelosuppression+during+prolonged+linezolid+treatment&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=e89-91&rft.date=2006-11&rft.issn=1058-4838&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17029128&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F508280&rft.aulast=Plachouras&rft.aufirst=D&rft.au=Giannitsioti%2C+E&rft.au=Athanassia%2C+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1086%252F508280&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NCI-80">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NCI_80-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NCI_80-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFdel_Pino2010" class="citation journal cs1">del Pino BM (23 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111211105234/http://www.cancer.gov/aboutnci/ncicancerbulletin/archive/2010/022310/page6">"Chemotherapy-induced Peripheral Neuropathy"</a>. NCI Cancer Bulletin. 7 (4): 6. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cancer.gov/aboutnci/ncicancerbulletin/archive/2010/022310/page6">the original</a> on 11 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NCI+Cancer+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Chemotherapy-induced+Peripheral+Neuropathy&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=6&rft.date=2010-02-23&rft.aulast=del+Pino&rft.aufirst=BM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancer.gov%2Faboutnci%2Fncicancerbulletin%2Farchive%2F2010%2F022310%2Fpage6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooperDeakin2016" class="citation book cs1">Cooper R, Deakin JJ (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aXGmCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA46">"Africa's gift to the world"</a>. Botanical Miracles: Chemistry of Plants That Changed the World. <a href="/wiki/CRC_Press" title="CRC Press">CRC Press</a>. pp. 46–51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781498704304" title="Special:BookSources/9781498704304"><bdi>9781498704304</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Africa%27s+gift+to+the+world&rft.btitle=Botanical+Miracles%3A+Chemistry+of+Plants+That+Changed+the+World&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E46-%3C%2Fspan%3E51&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781498704304&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=R&rft.au=Deakin%2C+JJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaXGmCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeglevichHazaiKalausSzántay2012" class="citation journal cs1">Keglevich P, Hazai L, Kalaus G, Szántay C (May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6268133">"Modifications on the basic skeletons of vinblastine and vincristine"</a>. Molecules. 17 (5): 5893–914. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fmolecules17055893">10.3390/molecules17055893</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6268133">6268133</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22609781">22609781</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecules&rft.atitle=Modifications+on+the+basic+skeletons+of+vinblastine+and+vincristine&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E5893-%3C%2Fspan%3E914&rft.date=2012-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6268133%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22609781&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fmolecules17055893&rft.aulast=Keglevich&rft.aufirst=P&rft.au=Hazai%2C+L&rft.au=Kalaus%2C+G&rft.au=Sz%C3%A1ntay%2C+C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6268133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaviña2011" class="citation book cs1">Raviña E (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iDNy0XxGqT8C&pg=PA157">"Vinca alkaloids"</a>. The evolution of drug discovery: From traditional medicines to modern drugs. <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>. pp. 157–159. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783527326693" title="Special:BookSources/9783527326693"><bdi>9783527326693</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Vinca+alkaloids&rft.btitle=The+evolution+of+drug+discovery%3A+From+traditional+medicines+to+modern+drugs&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E157-%3C%2Fspan%3E159&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9783527326693&rft.aulast=Ravi%C3%B1a&rft.aufirst=E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiDNy0XxGqT8C%26pg%3DPA157&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrisoldOberndorferWindebank2012" class="citation journal cs1">Grisold W, Oberndorfer S, Windebank AJ (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kup.at/kup/pdf/10376.pdf">"Chemotherapy and polyneuropathies"</a> (PDF). European Association of Neurooncology Magazine. 12 (1). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006125234/http://www.kup.at/kup/pdf/10376.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 6 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Association+of+Neurooncology+Magazine&rft.atitle=Chemotherapy+and+polyneuropathies&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Grisold&rft.aufirst=W&rft.au=Oberndorfer%2C+S&rft.au=Windebank%2C+AJ&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kup.at%2Fkup%2Fpdf%2F10376.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ehealthme.com/ds/herceptin/peripheral%20sensory%20neuropathy">"Review: could Herceptin cause Peripheral sensory neuropathy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160317105901/http://www.ehealthme.com/ds/herceptin/peripheral%20sensory%20neuropathy">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2016. Retrieved 4 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Review%3A+could+Herceptin+cause+Peripheral+sensory+neuropathy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ehealthme.com%2Fds%2Fherceptin%2Fperipheral%2520sensory%2520neuropathy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Narita-86"><a href="#cite_ref-Narita_86-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaritaTsujiYu2007" class="citation journal cs1">Narita M, Tsuji BT, Yu VL (August 2007). "Linezolid-associated peripheral and optic neuropathy, lactic acidosis, and serotonin syndrome". Pharmacotherapy. 27 (8): 1189–97. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1592%2Fphco.27.8.1189">10.1592/phco.27.8.1189</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17655517">17655517</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:40772687">40772687</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacotherapy&rft.atitle=Linezolid-associated+peripheral+and+optic+neuropathy%2C+lactic+acidosis%2C+and+serotonin+syndrome&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1189-%3C%2Fspan%3E97&rft.date=2007-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A40772687%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17655517&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1592%2Fphco.27.8.1189&rft.aulast=Narita&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Tsuji%2C+BT&rft.au=Yu%2C+VL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bressler-87"><a href="#cite_ref-Bressler_87-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBresslerZimmerGilmoreSomani2004" class="citation journal cs1">Bressler AM, Zimmer SM, Gilmore JL, Somani J (August 2004). "Peripheral neuropathy associated with prolonged use of linezolid". The Lancet. Infectious Diseases. 4 (8): 528–31. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1473-3099%2804%2901109-0">10.1016/S1473-3099(04)01109-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15288827">15288827</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Lancet.+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Peripheral+neuropathy+associated+with+prolonged+use+of+linezolid&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E528-%3C%2Fspan%3E31&rft.date=2004-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS1473-3099%2804%2901109-0&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15288827&rft.aulast=Bressler&rft.aufirst=AM&rft.au=Zimmer%2C+SM&rft.au=Gilmore%2C+JL&rft.au=Somani%2C+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown-88"><a href="#cite_ref-Brown_88-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrownAitkenvan_Manen2011" class="citation journal cs1">Brown J, Aitken SL, van Manen RP (June 2011). "Potential for linezolid-related blindness: a review of spontaneous adverse event reports". Pharmacotherapy. 31 (6): 585–90. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1592%2Fphco.31.6.585">10.1592/phco.31.6.585</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21923442">21923442</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:28881160">28881160</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacotherapy&rft.atitle=Potential+for+linezolid-related+blindness%3A+a+review+of+spontaneous+adverse+event+reports&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E585-%3C%2Fspan%3E90&rft.date=2011-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A28881160%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21923442&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1592%2Fphco.31.6.585&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Aitken%2C+SL&rft.au=van+Manen%2C+RP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid17766431-89"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid17766431_89-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaoSunChangHsieh2008" class="citation journal cs1">Chao CC, Sun HY, Chang YC, Hsieh ST (January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3029234">"Painful neuropathy with skin denervation after prolonged use of linezolid"</a>. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 79 (1): 97–9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fjnnp.2007.127910">10.1136/jnnp.2007.127910</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3029234">3029234</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17766431">17766431</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:33138699">33138699</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Neurology%2C+Neurosurgery%2C+and+Psychiatry&rft.atitle=Painful+neuropathy+with+skin+denervation+after+prolonged+use+of+linezolid&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E97-%3C%2Fspan%3E9&rft.date=2008-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3029234%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A33138699%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17766431&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fjnnp.2007.127910&rft.aulast=Chao&rft.aufirst=CC&rft.au=Sun%2C+HY&rft.au=Chang%2C+YC&rft.au=Hsieh%2C+ST&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3029234&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaijoHayashiYamadaWakakura2005" class="citation journal cs1">Saijo T, Hayashi K, Yamada H, Wakakura M (June 2005). "Linezolid-induced optic neuropathy". American Journal of Ophthalmology. 139 (6): 1114–6. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ajo.2004.11.047">10.1016/j.ajo.2004.11.047</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15953450">15953450</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Ophthalmology&rft.atitle=Linezolid-induced+optic+neuropathy&rft.volume=139&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1114-%3C%2Fspan%3E6&rft.date=2005-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ajo.2004.11.047&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15953450&rft.aulast=Saijo&rft.aufirst=T&rft.au=Hayashi%2C+K&rft.au=Yamada%2C+H&rft.au=Wakakura%2C+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barnhill-91">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Barnhill_91-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barnhill_91-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnhillBrewerCarlson2012" class="citation journal cs1">Barnhill AE, Brewer MT, Carlson SA (August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3421593">"Adverse effects of antimicrobials via predictable or idiosyncratic inhibition of host mitochondrial components"</a>. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 56 (8): 4046–51. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1128%2FAAC.00678-12">10.1128/AAC.00678-12</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3421593">3421593</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22615289">22615289</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+and+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Adverse+effects+of+antimicrobials+via+predictable+or+idiosyncratic+inhibition+of+host+mitochondrial+components&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E4046-%3C%2Fspan%3E51&rft.date=2012-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3421593%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22615289&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1128%2FAAC.00678-12&rft.aulast=Barnhill&rft.aufirst=AE&rft.au=Brewer%2C+MT&rft.au=Carlson%2C+SA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3421593&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> Review. For the original case series, see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSorianoMiróMensa2005" class="citation journal cs1">Soriano A, Miró O, Mensa J (November 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1056%2FNEJM200511243532123">"Mitochondrial toxicity associated with linezolid"</a>. The New England Journal of Medicine. 353 (21): 2305–6. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1056%2FNEJM200511243532123">10.1056/NEJM200511243532123</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16306535">16306535</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Mitochondrial+toxicity+associated+with+linezolid&rft.volume=353&rft.issue=21&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2305-%3C%2Fspan%3E6&rft.date=2005-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1056%2FNEJM200511243532123&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16306535&rft.aulast=Soriano&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Mir%C3%B3%2C+O&rft.au=Mensa%2C+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1056%252FNEJM200511243532123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Javaheri-92"><a href="#cite_ref-Javaheri_92-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJavaheriKhuranaO'hearnLai2007" class="citation journal cs1">Javaheri M, Khurana RN, O'hearn TM, Lai MM, Sadun AA (January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1857552">"Linezolid-induced optic neuropathy: a mitochondrial disorder?"</a>. The British Journal of Ophthalmology. 91 (1): 111–5. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbjo.2006.102541">10.1136/bjo.2006.102541</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1857552">1857552</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17179125">17179125</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+British+Journal+of+Ophthalmology&rft.atitle=Linezolid-induced+optic+neuropathy%3A+a+mitochondrial+disorder%3F&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E111-%3C%2Fspan%3E5&rft.date=2007-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1857552%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17179125&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbjo.2006.102541&rft.aulast=Javaheri&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Khurana%2C+RN&rft.au=O%27hearn%2C+TM&rft.au=Lai%2C+MM&rft.au=Sadun%2C+AA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1857552&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-McKee-93"><a href="#cite_ref-McKee_93-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKeeFergusonBentleyMarks2006" class="citation journal cs1">McKee EE, Ferguson M, Bentley AT, Marks TA (June 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1479116">"Inhibition of mammalian mitochondrial protein synthesis by oxazolidinones"</a>. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 50 (6): 2042–9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1128%2FAAC.01411-05">10.1128/AAC.01411-05</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1479116">1479116</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16723564">16723564</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+and+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+mammalian+mitochondrial+protein+synthesis+by+oxazolidinones&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2042-%3C%2Fspan%3E9&rft.date=2006-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1479116%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16723564&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1128%2FAAC.01411-05&rft.aulast=McKee&rft.aufirst=EE&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+M&rft.au=Bentley%2C+AT&rft.au=Marks%2C+TA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1479116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBishopMelvaniHowdenCharles2006" class="citation journal cs1">Bishop E, Melvani S, Howden BP, Charles PG, Grayson ML (April 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1426936">"Good clinical outcomes but high rates of adverse reactions during linezolid therapy for serious infections: a proposed protocol for monitoring therapy in complex patients"</a>. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 50 (4): 1599–602. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1128%2FAAC.50.4.1599-1602.2006">10.1128/AAC.50.4.1599-1602.2006</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1426936">1426936</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16569895">16569895</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+and+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Good+clinical+outcomes+but+high+rates+of+adverse+reactions+during+linezolid+therapy+for+serious+infections%3A+a+proposed+protocol+for+monitoring+therapy+in+complex+patients&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1599-%3C%2Fspan%3E602&rft.date=2006-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1426936%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16569895&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1128%2FAAC.50.4.1599-1602.2006&rft.aulast=Bishop&rft.aufirst=E&rft.au=Melvani%2C+S&rft.au=Howden%2C+BP&rft.au=Charles%2C+PG&rft.au=Grayson%2C+ML&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1426936&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKingAttardi1989" class="citation journal cs1">King MP, Attardi G (October 1989). "Human cells lacking mtDNA: repopulation with exogenous mitochondria by complementation". Science. 246 (4929): 500–3. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1989Sci...246..500K">1989Sci...246..500K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.2814477">10.1126/science.2814477</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2814477">2814477</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Human+cells+lacking+mtDNA%3A+repopulation+with+exogenous+mitochondria+by+complementation&rft.volume=246&rft.issue=4929&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E500-%3C%2Fspan%3E3&rft.date=1989-10&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2814477&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.2814477&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1989Sci...246..500K&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=MP&rft.au=Attardi%2C+G&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawrenceAdraGillman2006" class="citation journal cs1">Lawrence KR, Adra M, Gillman PK (June 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F503839">"Serotonin toxicity associated with the use of linezolid: a review of postmarketing data"</a>. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 42 (11): 1578–83. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F503839">10.1086/503839</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16652315">16652315</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Serotonin+toxicity+associated+with+the+use+of+linezolid%3A+a+review+of+postmarketing+data&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1578-%3C%2Fspan%3E83&rft.date=2006-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F503839&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16652315&rft.aulast=Lawrence&rft.aufirst=KR&rft.au=Adra%2C+M&rft.au=Gillman%2C+PK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1086%252F503839&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Huang-97"><a href="#cite_ref-Huang_97-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuangGortney2006" class="citation journal cs1">Huang V, Gortney JS (December 2006). "Risk of serotonin syndrome with concomitant administration of linezolid and serotonin agonists". Pharmacotherapy. 26 (12): 1784–93. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1592%2Fphco.26.12.1784">10.1592/phco.26.12.1784</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17125439">17125439</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24150415">24150415</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacotherapy&rft.atitle=Risk+of+serotonin+syndrome+with+concomitant+administration+of+linezolid+and+serotonin+agonists&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1784-%3C%2Fspan%3E93&rft.date=2006-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A24150415%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17125439&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1592%2Fphco.26.12.1784&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=V&rft.au=Gortney%2C+JS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaknine2008" class="citation web cs1">Waknine Y (5 September 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/580101">"FDA Safety Changes: Mirena, Zyvox, Orencia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Medscape" title="Medscape">Medscape</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081202190427/http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/580101">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2008. Retrieved 6 September 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FDA+Safety+Changes%3A+Mirena%2C+Zyvox%2C+Orencia&rft.pub=Medscape&rft.date=2008-09-05&rft.aulast=Waknine&rft.aufirst=Y&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medscape.com%2Fviewarticle%2F580101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> Freely available with registration. </li> <li id="cite_note-Stalker-99"><a href="#cite_ref-Stalker_99-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStalkerJungbluth2003" class="citation journal cs1">Stalker DJ, Jungbluth GL (2003). "Clinical pharmacokinetics of linezolid, a novel oxazolidinone antibacterial". Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 42 (13): 1129–40. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2165%2F00003088-200342130-00004">10.2165/00003088-200342130-00004</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14531724">14531724</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:37436341">37436341</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Pharmacokinetics&rft.atitle=Clinical+pharmacokinetics+of+linezolid%2C+a+novel+oxazolidinone+antibacterial&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=13&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1129-%3C%2Fspan%3E40&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A37436341%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14531724&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2165%2F00003088-200342130-00004&rft.aulast=Stalker&rft.aufirst=DJ&rft.au=Jungbluth%2C+GL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oxazolidinones_MAOI_2010_review-100"><a href="#cite_ref-Oxazolidinones_MAOI_2010_review_100-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRenslo2010" class="citation journal cs1">Renslo AR (May 2010). "Antibacterial oxazolidinones: emerging structure-toxicity relationships". Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy. 8 (5): 565–74. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1586%2Feri.10.26">10.1586/eri.10.26</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20455685">20455685</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:23670767">23670767</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Expert+Review+of+Anti-infective+Therapy&rft.atitle=Antibacterial+oxazolidinones%3A+emerging+structure-toxicity+relationships&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E565-%3C%2Fspan%3E74&rft.date=2010-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A23670767%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20455685&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1586%2Feri.10.26&rft.aulast=Renslo&rft.aufirst=AR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tedizolid_and_oxazolidinones_2015_review-101">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tedizolid_and_oxazolidinones_2015_review_101-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tedizolid_and_oxazolidinones_2015_review_101-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhanelLoveAdamGolden2015" class="citation journal cs1">Zhanel GG, Love R, Adam H, Golden A, Zelenitsky S, Schweizer F, et al. (February 2015). "Tedizolid: a novel oxazolidinone with potent activity against multidrug-resistant gram-positive pathogens". Drugs. 75 (3): 253–70. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs40265-015-0352-7">10.1007/s40265-015-0352-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25673021">25673021</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:3334681">3334681</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drugs&rft.atitle=Tedizolid%3A+a+novel+oxazolidinone+with+potent+activity+against+multidrug-resistant+gram-positive+pathogens&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E253-%3C%2Fspan%3E70&rft.date=2015-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A3334681%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25673021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs40265-015-0352-7&rft.aulast=Zhanel&rft.aufirst=GG&rft.au=Love%2C+R&rft.au=Adam%2C+H&rft.au=Golden%2C+A&rft.au=Zelenitsky%2C+S&rft.au=Schweizer%2C+F&rft.au=Gorityala%2C+B&rft.au=Lagac%C3%A9-Wiens%2C+PR&rft.au=Rubinstein%2C+E&rft.au=Walkty%2C+A&rft.au=Gin%2C+AS&rft.au=Gilmour%2C+M&rft.au=Hoban%2C+DJ&rft.au=Lynch%2C+JP&rft.au=Karlowsky%2C+JA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIppolitoKanyoWangFranceschi2008" class="citation journal cs1">Ippolito JA, Kanyo ZF, Wang D, Franceschi FJ, Moore PB, Steitz TA, et al. (June 2008). "Crystal structure of the oxazolidinone antibiotic linezolid bound to the 50S ribosomal subunit". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 51 (12): 3353–6. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fjm800379d">10.1021/jm800379d</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18494460">18494460</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medicinal+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Crystal+structure+of+the+oxazolidinone+antibiotic+linezolid+bound+to+the+50S+ribosomal+subunit&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3353-%3C%2Fspan%3E6&rft.date=2008-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fjm800379d&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18494460&rft.aulast=Ippolito&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.au=Kanyo%2C+ZF&rft.au=Wang%2C+D&rft.au=Franceschi%2C+FJ&rft.au=Moore%2C+PB&rft.au=Steitz%2C+TA&rft.au=Duffy%2C+EM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilsonSchluenzenHarmsStarosta2008" class="citation journal cs1">Wilson DN, Schluenzen F, Harms JM, Starosta AL, Connell SR, Fucini P (September 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2533191">"The oxazolidinone antibiotics perturb the ribosomal peptidyl-transferase center and effect tRNA positioning"</a>. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 105 (36): 13339–44. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008PNAS..10513339W">2008PNAS..10513339W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0804276105">10.1073/pnas.0804276105</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2533191">2533191</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18757750">18757750</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=The+oxazolidinone+antibiotics+perturb+the+ribosomal+peptidyl-transferase+center+and+effect+tRNA+positioning&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=36&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E13339-%3C%2Fspan%3E44&rft.date=2008-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2533191%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18757750&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.0804276105&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008PNAS..10513339W&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=DN&rft.au=Schluenzen%2C+F&rft.au=Harms%2C+JM&rft.au=Starosta%2C+AL&rft.au=Connell%2C+SR&rft.au=Fucini%2C+P&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2533191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kalil_et_al-104"><a href="#cite_ref-Kalil_et_al_104-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKalilMurthyHermsenNeto2010" class="citation journal cs1">Kalil AC, Murthy MH, Hermsen ED, Neto FK, Sun J, Rupp ME (September 2010). "Linezolid versus vancomycin or teicoplanin for nosocomial pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Critical Care Medicine. 38 (9): 1802–8. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2FCCM.0b013e3181eb3b96">10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181eb3b96</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20639754">20639754</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:6289226">6289226</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+Care+Medicine&rft.atitle=Linezolid+versus+vancomycin+or+teicoplanin+for+nosocomial+pneumonia%3A+a+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1802-%3C%2Fspan%3E8&rft.date=2010-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A6289226%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20639754&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2FCCM.0b013e3181eb3b96&rft.aulast=Kalil&rft.aufirst=AC&rft.au=Murthy%2C+MH&rft.au=Hermsen%2C+ED&rft.au=Neto%2C+FK&rft.au=Sun%2C+J&rft.au=Rupp%2C+ME&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Slatter-105">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Slatter_105-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Slatter_105-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlatterStalkerFeenstraWelshman2001" class="citation journal cs1">Slatter JG, Stalker DJ, Feenstra KL, Welshman IR, Bruss JB, Sams JP, et al. (August 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/29/8/1136.full.pdf">"Pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and excretion of linezolid following an oral dose of [(14)C]linezolid to healthy human subjects"</a> (PDF). Drug Metabolism and Disposition. 29 (8): 1136–45. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11454733">11454733</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210828144324/https://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/29/8/1136">Archived</a> from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 3 April 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+Metabolism+and+Disposition&rft.atitle=Pharmacokinetics%2C+metabolism%2C+and+excretion+of+linezolid+following+an+oral+dose+of+%5B%2814%29C%5Dlinezolid+to+healthy+human+subjects&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1136-%3C%2Fspan%3E45&rft.date=2001-08&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11454733&rft.aulast=Slatter&rft.aufirst=JG&rft.au=Stalker%2C+DJ&rft.au=Feenstra%2C+KL&rft.au=Welshman%2C+IR&rft.au=Bruss%2C+JB&rft.au=Sams%2C+JP&rft.au=Johnson%2C+MG&rft.au=Sanders%2C+PE&rft.au=Hauer%2C+MJ&rft.au=Fagerness%2C+PE&rft.au=Stryd%2C+RP&rft.au=Peng%2C+GW&rft.au=Shobe%2C+EM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdmd.aspetjournals.org%2Fcontent%2F29%2F8%2F1136.full.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sisson-106"><a href="#cite_ref-Sisson_106-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSissonJungbluthHopkins2002" class="citation journal cs1">Sisson TL, Jungbluth GL, Hopkins NK (January 2002). "Age and sex effects on the pharmacokinetics of linezolid". European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 57 (11): 793–7. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00228-001-0380-y">10.1007/s00228-001-0380-y</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11868801">11868801</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:38863420">38863420</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Clinical+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Age+and+sex+effects+on+the+pharmacokinetics+of+linezolid&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E793-%3C%2Fspan%3E7&rft.date=2002-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A38863420%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11868801&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00228-001-0380-y&rft.aulast=Sisson&rft.aufirst=TL&rft.au=Jungbluth%2C+GL&rft.au=Hopkins%2C+NK&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bialvaei-107">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bialvaei_107-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bialvaei_107-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZahedi_BialvaeiRahbarYousefiAsgharzadeh2017" class="citation journal cs1">Zahedi Bialvaei A, Rahbar M, Yousefi M, Asgharzadeh M, Samadi Kafil H (February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkw450">"Linezolid: a promising option in the treatment of Gram-positives"</a>. The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 72 (2): 354–364. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkw450">10.1093/jac/dkw450</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27999068">27999068</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Linezolid%3A+a+promising+option+in+the+treatment+of+Gram-positives&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E354-%3C%2Fspan%3E364&rft.date=2017-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkw450&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27999068&rft.aulast=Zahedi+Bialvaei&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Rahbar%2C+M&rft.au=Yousefi%2C+M&rft.au=Asgharzadeh%2C+M&rft.au=Samadi+Kafil%2C+H&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fjac%252Fdkw450&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brickner-108">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brickner_108-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brickner_108-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brickner_108-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brickner_108-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brickner_108-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brickner_108-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brickner_108-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrickner1996" class="citation journal cs1">Brickner SJ (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_HFitfA4OcUC&pg=PA175">"Oxazolidinone antibacterial agents"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Current_Pharmaceutical_Design" title="Current Pharmaceutical Design">Current Pharmaceutical Design</a>. 2 (2): 175–94. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2174%2F1381612802666220921173820">10.2174/1381612802666220921173820</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:252456453">252456453</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Pharmaceutical+Design&rft.atitle=Oxazolidinone+antibacterial+agents&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E175-%3C%2Fspan%3E94&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2174%2F1381612802666220921173820&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A252456453%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Brickner&rft.aufirst=SJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_HFitfA4OcUC%26pg%3DPA175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> Detailed review of the discovery and development of the whole oxazolidinone class, including information on <a href="/wiki/Chemical_synthesis" title="Chemical synthesis">synthesis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Structure-activity_relationship" class="mw-redirect" title="Structure-activity relationship">structure-activity relationships</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEuropean_Medicines_Agency2011" class="citation web cs1">European Medicines Agency (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Assessment_Report_-_Variation/human/000944/WC500120736.pdf">"CHP Assessment Report for Xarelto (EMA/CHMP/301607/2011)"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120130062132/http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Assessment_Report_-_Variation/human/000944/WC500120736.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 30 January 2012. Retrieved 15 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CHP+Assessment+Report+for+Xarelto+%28EMA%2FCHMP%2F301607%2F2011%29&rft.date=2011&rft.au=European+Medicines+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ema.europa.eu%2Fdocs%2Fen_GB%2Fdocument_library%2FEPAR_-_Assessment_Report_-_Variation%2Fhuman%2F000944%2FWC500120736.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Xu-110">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Xu_110-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Xu_110-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Xu_110-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFXuZhouXu2006" class="citation journal cs1">Xu GY, Zhou Y, Xu MC (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707013015/http://www.imm.ac.cn/journal/ccl/1703/170306-302-b050449-p3.pdf">"A convenient synthesis of antibacterial linezolid from (S)-glyceraldehyde acetonide"</a> (PDF). Chinese Chemical Letters. 17 (3): 302–4. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imm.ac.cn/journal/ccl/1703/170306-302-b050449-p3.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 7 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chinese+Chemical+Letters&rft.atitle=A+convenient+synthesis+of+antibacterial+linezolid+from+%28S%29-glyceraldehyde+acetonide&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E302-%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Xu&rft.aufirst=GY&rft.au=Zhou%2C+Y&rft.au=Xu%2C+MC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imm.ac.cn%2Fjournal%2Fccl%2F1703%2F170306-302-b050449-p3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kaiser-111">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kaiser_111-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kaiser_111-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaiserCunicoPinheirode_Oliveira2007" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kaiser CR, Cunico W, Pinheiro AC, de Oliveira AG, Peralta MA, de Souza MV (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/67ft9fcH1?url=http://www.rbfarma.org.br/images/edicoes-em-pdf/2007/RBF_V88_N2_2007/PAG83a88_OXAZOLIDINONAS.pdf">"Oxazolidinonas: uma nova classe de compostos no combate à tuberculose"</a> [Oxazolidinones: a new class of compounds against tuberculosis] (PDF). Revista Brasileira de Farmácia (in Portuguese). 88 (2): 83–8. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rbfarma.org.br/images/edicoes-em-pdf/2007/RBF_V88_N2_2007/PAG83a88_OXAZOLIDINONAS.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 15 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+Brasileira+de+Farm%C3%A1cia&rft.atitle=Oxazolidinonas%3A+uma+nova+classe+de+compostos+no+combate+%C3%A0+tuberculose&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E83-%3C%2Fspan%3E8&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Kaiser&rft.aufirst=CR&rft.au=Cunico%2C+W&rft.au=Pinheiro%2C+AC&rft.au=de+Oliveira%2C+AG&rft.au=Peralta%2C+MA&rft.au=de+Souza%2C+MV&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbfarma.org.br%2Fimages%2Fedicoes-em-pdf%2F2007%2FRBF_V88_N2_2007%2FPAG83a88_OXAZOLIDINONAS.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US5837870">US patent 5837870</a>, Pearlman BA, Perrault WR, Barbachyn MR, et al., "Process to prepare oxazolidinones", issued 1997-03-28<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=5837870&rft.cc=US&rft.title=Process+to+prepare+oxazolidinones&rft.inventor=Pearlman+BA%2C+Perrault+WR%2C+Barbachyn+MR%2C+%27%27et+al.%27%27&rft.date=1997-03-28">  Retrieved on 13 June 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLohrayBaskaranRaoReddy1999" class="citation journal cs1">Lohray BB, Baskaran S, Rao BS, Reddy BY, Rao IN (June 1999). "A short synthesis of oxazolidinone derivatives linezolid and eperezolid: A new class of antibacterials". <a href="/wiki/Tetrahedron_Letters" title="Tetrahedron Letters">Tetrahedron Letters</a>. 40 (26): 4855–6. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0040-4039%2899%2900893-X">10.1016/S0040-4039(99)00893-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tetrahedron+Letters&rft.atitle=A+short+synthesis+of+oxazolidinone+derivatives+linezolid+and+eperezolid%3A+A+new+class+of+antibacterials&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=26&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E4855-%3C%2Fspan%3E6&rft.date=1999-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0040-4039%2899%2900893-X&rft.aulast=Lohray&rft.aufirst=BB&rft.au=Baskaran%2C+S&rft.au=Rao%2C+BS&rft.au=Reddy%2C+BY&rft.au=Rao%2C+IN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> Perrault WR, Keeler JB, Snyder WC, et al. (25 June 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://acs.confex.com/acs/green08/techprogram/P52019.HTM">"Convergent green synthesis of linezolid (Zyvox)"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110728022612/http://acs.confex.com/acs/green08/techprogram/P52019.HTM">Archived</a> 28 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in 12th Annual Green Chemistry and Engineering Conference, 24–26 June 2008, New York, NY. Retrieved on 8 June 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTsiodrasGoldSakoulas2001" class="citation journal cs1">Tsiodras S, Gold HS, Sakoulas G, et al. (July 2001). "Linezolid resistance in a clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus". <a href="/wiki/Lancet_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lancet (journal)">The Lancet</a>. 358 (9277): 207–8. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2801%2905410-1">10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05410-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0140-6736">0140-6736</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11476839">11476839</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:27426801">27426801</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Lancet&rft.atitle=Linezolid+resistance+in+a+clinical+isolate+of+Staphylococcus+aureus&rft.volume=358&rft.issue=9277&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E207-%3C%2Fspan%3E8&rft.date=2001-07&rft.issn=0140-6736&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A27426801%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11476839&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2801%2905410-1&rft.aulast=Tsiodras&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Gold%2C+HS&rft.au=Sakoulas%2C+G&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-116"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_116-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonesRossCastanheiraMendes2008" class="citation journal cs1">Jones RN, Ross JE, Castanheira M, Mendes RE (December 2008). "United States resistance surveillance results for linezolid (LEADER Program for 2007)". Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease. 62 (4): 416–26. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.diagmicrobio.2008.10.010">10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2008.10.010</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19022153">19022153</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diagnostic+Microbiology+and+Infectious+Disease&rft.atitle=United+States+resistance+surveillance+results+for+linezolid+%28LEADER+Program+for+2007%29&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E416-%3C%2Fspan%3E26&rft.date=2008-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.diagmicrobio.2008.10.010&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19022153&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=RN&rft.au=Ross%2C+JE&rft.au=Castanheira%2C+M&rft.au=Mendes%2C+RE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZAAPS2007-117"><a href="#cite_ref-ZAAPS2007_117-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonesKohnoOnoRoss2009" class="citation journal cs1">Jones RN, Kohno S, Ono Y, Ross JE, Yanagihara K (June 2009). "ZAAPS International Surveillance Program (2007) for linezolid resistance: results from 5591 Gram-positive clinical isolates in 23 countries". Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease. 64 (2): 191–201. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.diagmicrobio.2009.03.001">10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2009.03.001</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19500528">19500528</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diagnostic+Microbiology+and+Infectious+Disease&rft.atitle=ZAAPS+International+Surveillance+Program+%282007%29+for+linezolid+resistance%3A+results+from+5591+Gram-positive+clinical+isolates+in+23+countries&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E191-%3C%2Fspan%3E201&rft.date=2009-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.diagmicrobio.2009.03.001&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19500528&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=RN&rft.au=Kohno%2C+S&rft.au=Ono%2C+Y&rft.au=Ross%2C+JE&rft.au=Yanagihara%2C+K&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHopeLivermoreBrickLillie2008" class="citation journal cs1">Hope R, Livermore DM, Brick G, Lillie M, Reynolds R (November 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkn353">"Non-susceptibility trends among staphylococci from bacteraemias in the UK and Ireland, 2001–06"</a>. The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 62 (Suppl 2): ii65–74. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkn353">10.1093/jac/dkn353</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18819981">18819981</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Non-susceptibility+trends+among+staphylococci+from+bacteraemias+in+the+UK+and+Ireland%2C+2001%E2%80%9306&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=Suppl+2&rft.pages=ii65-74&rft.date=2008-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkn353&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18819981&rft.aulast=Hope&rft.aufirst=R&rft.au=Livermore%2C+DM&rft.au=Brick%2C+G&rft.au=Lillie%2C+M&rft.au=Reynolds%2C+R&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fjac%252Fdkn353&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAucklandTeareCookeKaufmann2002" class="citation journal cs1">Auckland C, Teare L, Cooke F, Kaufmann ME, Warner M, Jones G, et al. (November 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkf246">"Linezolid-resistant enterococci: report of the first isolates in the United Kingdom"</a>. The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 50 (5): 743–6. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkf246">10.1093/jac/dkf246</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12407134">12407134</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2468640">2468640</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Linezolid-resistant+enterococci%3A+report+of+the+first+isolates+in+the+United+Kingdom&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E743-%3C%2Fspan%3E6&rft.date=2002-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A2468640%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12407134&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkf246&rft.aulast=Auckland&rft.aufirst=C&rft.au=Teare%2C+L&rft.au=Cooke%2C+F&rft.au=Kaufmann%2C+ME&rft.au=Warner%2C+M&rft.au=Jones%2C+G&rft.au=Bamford%2C+K&rft.au=Ayles%2C+H&rft.au=Johnson%2C+AP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fjac%252Fdkf246&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scheetz-120">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Scheetz_120-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scheetz_120-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScheetzKnechtelMalczynskiPostelnick2008" class="citation journal cs1">Scheetz MH, Knechtel SA, Malczynski M, Postelnick MJ, Qi C (June 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2415807">"Increasing Incidence of Linezolid-Intermediate or -Resistant, Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Strains Parallels Increasing Linezolid Consumption"</a>. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 52 (6): 2256–9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1128%2FAAC.00070-08">10.1128/AAC.00070-08</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2415807">2415807</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18391028">18391028</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+and+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Increasing+Incidence+of+Linezolid-Intermediate+or+-Resistant%2C+Vancomycin-Resistant+Enterococcus+faecium+Strains+Parallels+Increasing+Linezolid+Consumption&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2256-%3C%2Fspan%3E9&rft.date=2008-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2415807%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18391028&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1128%2FAAC.00070-08&rft.aulast=Scheetz&rft.aufirst=MH&rft.au=Knechtel%2C+SA&rft.au=Malczynski%2C+M&rft.au=Postelnick%2C+MJ&rft.au=Qi%2C+C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2415807&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchumacherTrittlerBohnertKümmerer2007" class="citation journal cs1">Schumacher A, Trittler R, Bohnert JA, Kümmerer K, Pagès JM, Kern WV (June 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkl380">"Intracellular accumulation of linezolid in Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii and Enterobacter aerogenes: role of enhanced efflux pump activity and inactivation"</a>. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 59 (6): 1261–4. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkl380">10.1093/jac/dkl380</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16971414">16971414</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Intracellular+accumulation+of+linezolid+in+Escherichia+coli%2C+Citrobacter+freundii+and+Enterobacter+aerogenes%3A+role+of+enhanced+efflux+pump+activity+and+inactivation&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1261-%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.date=2007-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkl380&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16971414&rft.aulast=Schumacher&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Trittler%2C+R&rft.au=Bohnert%2C+JA&rft.au=K%C3%BCmmerer%2C+K&rft.au=Pag%C3%A8s%2C+JM&rft.au=Kern%2C+WV&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fjac%252Fdkl380&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saager-122"><a href="#cite_ref-Saager_122-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaagerRohdeTimmerbeil2008" class="citation journal cs1">Saager B, Rohde H, Timmerbeil BS, et al. (September 2008). "Molecular characterisation of linezolid resistance in two vancomycin-resistant (VanB) Enterococcus faecium isolates using Pyrosequencing". European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases. 27 (9): 873–8. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10096-008-0514-6">10.1007/s10096-008-0514-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0934-9723">0934-9723</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18421487">18421487</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1085422">1085422</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology+%26+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Molecular+characterisation+of+linezolid+resistance+in+two+vancomycin-resistant+%28VanB%29+Enterococcus+faecium+isolates+using+Pyrosequencing&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E873-%3C%2Fspan%3E8&rft.date=2008-09&rft.issn=0934-9723&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A1085422%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18421487&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10096-008-0514-6&rft.aulast=Saager&rft.aufirst=B&rft.au=Rohde%2C+H&rft.au=Timmerbeil%2C+BS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Besier-123"><a href="#cite_ref-Besier_123-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBesierLudwigZanderBrade2008" class="citation journal cs1">Besier S, Ludwig A, Zander J, Brade V, Wichelhaus TA (April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2292563">"Linezolid Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus: Gene Dosage Effect, Stability, Fitness Costs, and Cross-Resistances"</a>. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 52 (4): 1570–2. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1128%2FAAC.01098-07">10.1128/AAC.01098-07</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2292563">2292563</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18212098">18212098</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+and+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Linezolid+Resistance+in+Staphylococcus+aureus%3A+Gene+Dosage+Effect%2C+Stability%2C+Fitness+Costs%2C+and+Cross-Resistances&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1570-%3C%2Fspan%3E2&rft.date=2008-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2292563%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18212098&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1128%2FAAC.01098-07&rft.aulast=Besier&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Ludwig%2C+A&rft.au=Zander%2C+J&rft.au=Brade%2C+V&rft.au=Wichelhaus%2C+TA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2292563&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Feng2009-124"><a href="#cite_ref-Feng2009_124-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFengLupienGingras2009" class="citation journal cs1">Feng J, Lupien A, Gingras H, et al. (May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2704432">"Genome sequencing of linezolid-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants reveals novel mechanisms of resistance"</a>. Genome Research. 19 (7): 1214–23. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1101%2Fgr.089342.108">10.1101/gr.089342.108</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1088-9051">1088-9051</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2704432">2704432</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19351617">19351617</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genome+Research&rft.atitle=Genome+sequencing+of+linezolid-resistant+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+mutants+reveals+novel+mechanisms+of+resistance&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1214-%3C%2Fspan%3E23&rft.date=2009-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2704432%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1088-9051&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19351617&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1101%2Fgr.089342.108&rft.aulast=Feng&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Lupien%2C+A&rft.au=Gingras%2C+H&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2704432&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLincopande_AlmeidaElmor_de_AraújoMamizuka2009" class="citation journal cs1">Lincopan N, de Almeida LM, Elmor de Araújo MR, Mamizuka EM (April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijantimicag.2009.02.023">"Linezolid resistance in Staphylococcus epidermidis associated with a G2603T mutation in the 23S rRNA gene"</a>. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 34 (3): 281–2. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijantimicag.2009.02.023">10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2009.02.023</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0924-8579">0924-8579</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19376688">19376688</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Agents&rft.atitle=Linezolid+resistance+in+Staphylococcus+epidermidis+associated+with+a+G2603T+mutation+in+the+23S+rRNA+gene&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E281-%3C%2Fspan%3E2&rft.date=2009-04&rft.issn=0924-8579&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19376688&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ijantimicag.2009.02.023&rft.aulast=Lincopan&rft.aufirst=N&rft.au=de+Almeida%2C+LM&rft.au=Elmor+de+Ara%C3%BAjo%2C+MR&rft.au=Mamizuka%2C+EM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.ijantimicag.2009.02.023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiakopoulosNeocleousKlapsa2009" class="citation journal cs1">Liakopoulos A, Neocleous C, Klapsa D, et al. (July 2009). "A T2504A mutation in the 23S rRNA gene responsible for high-level resistance to linezolid of Staphylococcus epidermidis". Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 64 (1): 206–7. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkp167">10.1093/jac/dkp167</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19429927">19429927</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=A+T2504A+mutation+in+the+23S+rRNA+gene+responsible+for+high-level+resistance+to+linezolid+of+Staphylococcus+epidermidis&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E206-%3C%2Fspan%3E7&rft.date=2009-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkp167&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19429927&rft.aulast=Liakopoulos&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Neocleous%2C+C&rft.au=Klapsa%2C+D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Slee-127"><a href="#cite_ref-Slee_127-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSleeWuonolaMcRipley1987" class="citation journal cs1">Slee AM, Wuonola MA, McRipley RJ, et al. (November 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aac.asm.org/cgi/reprint/31/11/1791.pdf">"Oxazolidinones, a new class of synthetic antibacterial agents: in vitro and in vivo activities of DuP 105 and DuP 721"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Antimicrobial_Agents_and_Chemotherapy" title="Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy">Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy</a>. 31 (11): 1791–7. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1128%2FAAC.31.11.1791">10.1128/AAC.31.11.1791</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC175041">175041</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3435127">3435127</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110611221908/http://aac.asm.org/cgi/reprint/31/11/1791.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 11 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+and+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Oxazolidinones%2C+a+new+class+of+synthetic+antibacterial+agents%3A+in+vitro+and+in+vivo+activities+of+DuP+105+and+DuP+721&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1791-%3C%2Fspan%3E7&rft.date=1987-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC175041%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F3435127&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1128%2FAAC.31.11.1791&rft.aulast=Slee&rft.aufirst=AM&rft.au=Wuonola%2C+MA&rft.au=McRipley%2C+RJ&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faac.asm.org%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F31%2F11%2F1791.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ford-128"><a href="#cite_ref-Ford_128-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFordZurenkoBarbachyn2001" class="citation journal cs1">Ford CW, Zurenko GE, Barbachyn MR (August 2001). "The discovery of linezolid, the first oxazolidinone antibacterial agent". Current Drug Targets. Infectious Disorders. 1 (2): 181–99. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2174%2F1568005014606099">10.2174/1568005014606099</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12455414">12455414</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Drug+Targets.+Infectious+Disorders&rft.atitle=The+discovery+of+linezolid%2C+the+first+oxazolidinone+antibacterial+agent&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E181-%3C%2Fspan%3E99&rft.date=2001-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2174%2F1568005014606099&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12455414&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=CW&rft.au=Zurenko%2C+GE&rft.au=Barbachyn%2C+MR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080110042651/https://www.fda.gov/cder/foi/nda/2000/21130_Zyvox.htm">"Drug Approval Package: Zyvox"</a>. FDA <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Drug_Evaluation_and_Research" title="Center for Drug Evaluation and Research">Center for Drug Evaluation and Research</a>. 20 November 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/cder/foi/nda/2000/21130_Zyvox.htm">the original</a> on 10 January 2008. Retrieved 17 January 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Drug+Approval+Package%3A+Zyvox&rft.pub=FDA+Center+for+Drug+Evaluation+and+Research&rft.date=2001-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fcder%2Ffoi%2Fnda%2F2000%2F21130_Zyvox.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> Comprehensive review of the FDA approval process. Includes detailed reviews of the chemistry and pharmacology of linezolid, correspondence between the FDA and Pharmacia & Upjohn, and administrative documents. </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFANVISA2000" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">ANVISA (5 June 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719081421/http://www.anvisa.gov.br/legis/resol/2000/474_00re.htm">"Resolução nº 474, de 5 de junho de 2000"</a> [Resolution number 474, of 5 June 2000] (in Portuguese). <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Surveillance_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="National Health Surveillance Agency">National Health Surveillance Agency</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anvisa.gov.br/legis/resol/2000/474_00re.htm">the original</a> on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 19 May 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Resolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o+n%C2%BA+474%2C+de+5+de+junho+de+2000&rft.pub=National+Health+Surveillance+Agency&rft.date=2000-06-05&rft.au=ANVISA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anvisa.gov.br%2Flegis%2Fresol%2F2000%2F474_00re.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIrinodaNomuraHashimoto2002" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Irinoda K, Nomura S, Hashimoto M (October 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1254%2Ffpj.120.245">"[Antimicrobial and clinical effect of linezolid (Zyvox), new class of synthetic antibacterial drug]"</a>. Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi (in Japanese). 120 (4): 245–52. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1254%2Ffpj.120.245">10.1254/fpj.120.245</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0015-5691">0015-5691</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12425150">12425150</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nippon+Yakurigaku+Zasshi&rft.atitle=%5BAntimicrobial+and+clinical+effect+of+linezolid+%28Zyvox%29%2C+new+class+of+synthetic+antibacterial+drug%5D&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E245-%3C%2Fspan%3E52&rft.date=2002-10&rft.issn=0015-5691&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12425150&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1254%2Ffpj.120.245&rft.aulast=Irinoda&rft.aufirst=K&rft.au=Nomura%2C+S&rft.au=Hashimoto%2C+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1254%252Ffpj.120.245&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CanadaApproval-132">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CanadaApproval_132-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CanadaApproval_132-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.docguide.com/news/content.nsf/news/917912FCF5C34DCA85256A46006E24B0">"Canada Approves Marketing Of Zyvoxam (Linezolid) For Gram Positive Infections"</a> (Press release). 8 May 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080828012714/http://www.docguide.com/news/content.nsf/news/917912FCF5C34DCA85256A46006E24B0">Archived</a> from the original on 28 August 2008. Retrieved 18 May 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canada+Approves+Marketing+Of+Zyvoxam+%28Linezolid%29+For+Gram+Positive+Infections&rft.date=2001-05-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.docguide.com%2Fnews%2Fcontent.nsf%2Fnews%2F917912FCF5C34DCA85256A46006E24B0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarlowskyKellyCritchleyJones2002" class="citation journal cs1">Karlowsky JA, Kelly LJ, Critchley IA, Jones ME, Thornsberry C, Sahm DF (June 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aac.asm.org/cgi/reprint/46/6/1989.pdf">"Determining Linezolid's Baseline In Vitro Activity in Canada Using Gram-Positive Clinical Isolates Collected prior to Its National Release"</a> (PDF). Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 46 (6): 1989–92. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1128%2FAAC.46.6.1989-1992.2002">10.1128/AAC.46.6.1989-1992.2002</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0066-4804">0066-4804</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC127260">127260</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12019122">12019122</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110929102627/http://aac.asm.org/cgi/reprint/46/6/1989.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 29 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+and+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Determining+Linezolid%27s+Baseline+In+Vitro+Activity+in+Canada+Using+Gram-Positive+Clinical+Isolates+Collected+prior+to+Its+National+Release&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1989-%3C%2Fspan%3E92&rft.date=2002-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC127260%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0066-4804&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12019122&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1128%2FAAC.46.6.1989-1992.2002&rft.aulast=Karlowsky&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.au=Kelly%2C+LJ&rft.au=Critchley%2C+IA&rft.au=Jones%2C+ME&rft.au=Thornsberry%2C+C&rft.au=Sahm%2C+DF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faac.asm.org%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F46%2F6%2F1989.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120509230639/http://www2.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=%2Fwww%2Fstory%2F07-25-2001%2F0001540814&EDATE=">"Pharmacia Corporation Reports 17% Increase In Second-Quarter Earnings-Per-Share Driven By 61% Increase In Pharmaceutical Earnings"</a> (Press release). Pharmacia Corporation. 25 July 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/07-25-2001/0001540814&EDATE=">the original</a> on 9 May 2012. Retrieved 19 May 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pharmacia+Corporation+Reports+17%25+Increase+In+Second-Quarter+Earnings-Per-Share+Driven+By+61%25+Increase+In+Pharmaceutical+Earnings&rft.pub=Pharmacia+Corporation&rft.date=2001-07-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.prnewswire.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Fstories.pl%3FACCT%3D104%26STORY%3D%2Fwww%2Fstory%2F07-25-2001%2F0001540814%26EDATE%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Livermore2009-135"><a href="#cite_ref-Livermore2009_135-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLivermoreMushtaqWarnerWoodford2009" class="citation journal cs1">Livermore DM, Mushtaq S, Warner M, Woodford N (April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkp002">"Activity of oxazolidinone TR-700 against linezolid-susceptible and -resistant staphylococci and enterococci"</a>. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 63 (4): 713–5. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkp002">10.1093/jac/dkp002</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0305-7453">0305-7453</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19164418">19164418</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Activity+of+oxazolidinone+TR-700+against+linezolid-susceptible+and+-resistant+staphylococci+and+enterococci&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E713-%3C%2Fspan%3E5&rft.date=2009-04&rft.issn=0305-7453&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19164418&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkp002&rft.aulast=Livermore&rft.aufirst=DM&rft.au=Mushtaq%2C+S&rft.au=Warner%2C+M&rft.au=Woodford%2C+N&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fjac%252Fdkp002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoweWoottonNoelBowker2003" class="citation journal cs1">Howe RA, Wootton M, Noel AR, Bowker KE, Walsh TR, MacGowan AP (November 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aac.asm.org/cgi/reprint/47/11/3651.pdf">"Activity of AZD2563, a Novel Oxazolidinone, against Staphylococcus aureus Strains with Reduced Susceptibility to Vancomycin or Linezolid"</a> (PDF). Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 47 (11): 3651–2. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1128%2FAAC.47.11.3651-3652.2003">10.1128/AAC.47.11.3651-3652.2003</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0066-4804">0066-4804</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC253812">253812</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14576139">14576139</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110929080102/http://aac.asm.org/cgi/reprint/47/11/3651.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 29 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+and+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Activity+of+AZD2563%2C+a+Novel+Oxazolidinone%2C+against+Staphylococcus+aureus+Strains+with+Reduced+Susceptibility+to+Vancomycin+or+Linezolid&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3651-%3C%2Fspan%3E2&rft.date=2003-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC253812%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0066-4804&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14576139&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1128%2FAAC.47.11.3651-3652.2003&rft.aulast=Howe&rft.aufirst=RA&rft.au=Wootton%2C+M&rft.au=Noel%2C+AR&rft.au=Bowker%2C+KE&rft.au=Walsh%2C+TR&rft.au=MacGowan%2C+AP&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faac.asm.org%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F47%2F11%2F3651.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaliaMiglaniPurnapatre2009" class="citation journal cs1">Kalia V, Miglani R, Purnapatre KP, et al. (April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2663096">"Mode of Action of Ranbezolid against Staphylococci and Structural Modeling Studies of Its Interaction with Ribosomes"</a>. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 53 (4): 1427–33. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1128%2FAAC.00887-08">10.1128/AAC.00887-08</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0066-4804">0066-4804</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2663096">2663096</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19075051">19075051</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+and+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Mode+of+Action+of+Ranbezolid+against+Staphylococci+and+Structural+Modeling+Studies+of+Its+Interaction+with+Ribosomes&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1427-%3C%2Fspan%3E33&rft.date=2009-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2663096%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0066-4804&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19075051&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1128%2FAAC.00887-08&rft.aulast=Kalia&rft.aufirst=V&rft.au=Miglani%2C+R&rft.au=Purnapatre%2C+KP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2663096&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090226201337/http://www.rib-x.com/pipeline/rx_1741">"Rx 1741"</a>. Rib-X Pharmaceuticals. 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rib-x.com/pipeline/rx_1741">the original</a> on 26 February 2009. Retrieved 17 May 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rx+1741&rft.pub=Rib-X+Pharmaceuticals&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rib-x.com%2Fpipeline%2Frx_1741&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205435Orig1s000TOC.cfm">"Drug Approval Package: Sivextro (tedizolid phosphate) tablets NDA #205435"</a>. U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA). 16 July 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200706103911/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205435Orig1s000TOC.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2020. Retrieved 29 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration+%28FDA%29&rft.atitle=Drug+Approval+Package%3A+Sivextro+%28tedizolid+phosphate%29+tablets+NDA+%23205435&rft.date=2014-07-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.accessdata.fda.gov%2Fdrugsatfda_docs%2Fnda%2F2014%2F205435Orig1s000TOC.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205436Orig1s000TOC.cfm">"Drug Approval Package: Sivextro (tedizolid phosphate) injection NDA #205436"</a>. U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA). 10 October 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200706064051/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2014/205436Orig1s000TOC.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2020. Retrieved 29 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration+%28FDA%29&rft.atitle=Drug+Approval+Package%3A+Sivextro+%28tedizolid+phosphate%29+injection+NDA+%23205436&rft.date=2014-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.accessdata.fda.gov%2Fdrugsatfda_docs%2Fnda%2F2014%2F205436Orig1s000TOC.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grau2008-141">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Grau2008_141-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grau2008_141-1">b</a> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>]<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrauRubio-Terrés2008" class="citation journal cs1">Grau S, Rubio-Terrés C (April 2008). "Pharmacoeconomics of linezolid". Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 9 (6): 987–1000. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1517%2F14656566.9.6.987">10.1517/14656566.9.6.987</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18377341">18377341</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:3005291">3005291</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Expert+Opinion+on+Pharmacotherapy&rft.atitle=Pharmacoeconomics+of+linezolid&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E987-%3C%2Fspan%3E1000&rft.date=2008-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A3005291%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18377341&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1517%2F14656566.9.6.987&rft.aulast=Grau&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Rubio-Terr%C3%A9s%2C+C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/8234533.stm">"Pfizer agrees record fraud fine"</a>. BBC News. 2 September 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090908011344/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/8234533.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 8 September 2009. Retrieved 12 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Pfizer+agrees+record+fraud+fine&rft.date=2009-09-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fbusiness%2F8234533.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2009" class="citation news cs1">Harris G (2 September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/03/business/03health.html">"Pfizer pays $2.3 billion to settle marketing case"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110822013720/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/03/business/03health.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 August 2011. Retrieved 12 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Pfizer+pays+%242.3+billion+to+settle+marketing+case&rft.date=2009-09-02&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=G&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F09%2F03%2Fbusiness%2F03health.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Name2018Int-144">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Name2018Int_144-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Name2018Int_144-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/international/linezolid.html">"Linezolid"</a>. Drugs.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181229171319/https://www.drugs.com/international/linezolid.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 December 2018. Retrieved 29 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Drugs.com&rft.atitle=Linezolid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugs.com%2Finternational%2Flinezolid.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALinezolid" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Antibacterials:_others_(J01X,_D06AX)303" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Other_antibacterials" title="Template:Other antibacterials"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Other_antibacterials" title="Template talk:Other antibacterials"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Other_antibacterials" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Other antibacterials"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Antibacterials:_others_(J01X,_D06AX)303" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Antibiotics" class="mw-redirect" title="Antibiotics">Antibacterials</a>: others (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_J01#J01X" title="ATC code J01">J01X</a>, <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_D06#D06AX" title="ATC code D06">D06AX</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glycopeptide_antibiotic" title="Glycopeptide antibiotic">Glycopeptides</a> <a href="/wiki/Lipoglycopeptide" title="Lipoglycopeptide">Lipoglycopeptides</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avoparcin" title="Avoparcin">Avoparcin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corbomycin" title="Corbomycin">Corbomycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalbavancin" title="Dalbavancin">Dalbavancin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oritavancin" title="Oritavancin">Oritavancin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ristocetin" title="Ristocetin">Ristocetin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teicoplanin" title="Teicoplanin">Teicoplanin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telavancin" title="Telavancin">Telavancin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vancomycin" title="Vancomycin">Vancomycin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polymyxin" title="Polymyxin">Polymyxins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colistin" title="Colistin">Colistin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polymyxin_B" title="Polymyxin B">Polymyxin B</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Steroid" title="Steroid">Steroid</a> antibacterials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fusidic_acid" title="Fusidic acid">Fusidic acid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Imidazole" title="Imidazole">Imidazole</a> derivatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metronidazole" title="Metronidazole">Metronidazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornidazole" title="Ornidazole">Ornidazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinidazole" title="Tinidazole">Tinidazole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pleuromutilin" title="Pleuromutilin">Pleuromutilins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azamulin" title="Azamulin">Azamulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lefamulin" title="Lefamulin">Lefamulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retapamulin" title="Retapamulin">Retapamulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiamulin" title="Tiamulin">Tiamulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valnemulin" title="Valnemulin">Valnemulin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nitrofuran" title="Nitrofuran">Nitrofuran</a> derivatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Furazolidone" title="Furazolidone">Furazolidone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nifuroxazide" title="Nifuroxazide">Nifuroxazide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nifurtoinol" title="Nifurtoinol">Nifurtoinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nifurzide" title="Nifurzide">Nifurzide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrofurantoin" title="Nitrofurantoin">Nitrofurantoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrofurazone" title="Nitrofurazone">Nitrofurazone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other antibacterials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bacitracin" title="Bacitracin">Bacitracin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clofoctol" title="Clofoctol">Clofoctol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daptomycin" title="Daptomycin">Daptomycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fosfomycin" title="Fosfomycin">Fosfomycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furaltadone" title="Furaltadone">Furaltadone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lefamulin" title="Lefamulin">Lefamulin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Linezolid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandelic_acid" title="Mandelic acid">Mandelic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexamethylenetetramine" title="Hexamethylenetetramine">Methenamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitroxoline" title="Nitroxoline">Nitroxoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novobiocin" title="Novobiocin">Novobiocin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectinomycin" title="Spectinomycin">Spectinomycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tedizolid" title="Tedizolid">Tedizolid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xibornol" title="Xibornol">Xibornol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monoamine_metabolism_modulators806" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monoamine_metabolism_modulators" title="Template:Monoamine metabolism modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monoamine_metabolism_modulators" title="Template talk:Monoamine metabolism modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monoamine_metabolism_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monoamine metabolism modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monoamine_metabolism_modulators806" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Monoamine_neurotransmitter" title="Monoamine neurotransmitter">Monoamine</a> <a href="/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism">metabolism</a> <a href="/wiki/Enzyme_modulator" title="Enzyme modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Non-specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Aromatic_L-amino_acid_decarboxylase" title="Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase"><abbr title="Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase">AAAD</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Substrates→Products: <a href="/wiki/L-DOPA" title="L-DOPA">L-DOPA (levodopa)</a>→<a href="/wiki/Dopamine" title="Dopamine">Dopamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5-HTP" class="mw-redirect" title="5-HTP">5-HTP</a>→<a href="/wiki/Serotonin" title="Serotonin">Serotonin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-Histidine" class="mw-redirect" title="L-Histidine">L-Histidine</a>→<a href="/wiki/Histamine" title="Histamine">Histamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylalanine" title="Phenylalanine">Phenylalanine</a>→<a href="/wiki/Phenethylamine" title="Phenethylamine">Phenethylamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-Tyrosine" class="mw-redirect" title="L-Tyrosine">L-Tyrosine</a>→<a href="/wiki/Tyramine" title="Tyramine">Tyramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tryptophan" title="Tryptophan">Tryptophan</a>→<a href="/wiki/Tryptamine" title="Tryptamine">Tryptamine</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Inhibitors: <a href="/wiki/Benserazide" title="Benserazide">Benserazide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbidopa" title="Carbidopa">Carbidopa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-Difluoromethyl-DOPA" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Difluoromethyl-DOPA">DFMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genistein" title="Genistein">Genistein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methyldopa" title="Methyldopa">Methyldopa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Monoamine_oxidase" title="Monoamine oxidase"><abbr title="Monoamine oxidase">MAO</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Monoamine oxidase</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Substrates→Products (with <a href="/wiki/Aldehyde_dehydrogenase" title="Aldehyde dehydrogenase"><abbr title="Aldehyde dehydrogenase">ALDH</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Aldehyde dehydrogenase/<a href="/wiki/Aldehyde_reductase" class="mw-redirect" title="Aldehyde reductase"><abbr title="Aldehyde reductase">ALR</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip ALR): <a href="/wiki/Epinephrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Epinephrine">Epinephrine (adrenaline)</a>→<a href="/wiki/3,4-Dihydroxymandelic_acid" title="3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid">DHMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metanephrine" title="Metanephrine">Metanephrine</a>→<a href="/wiki/3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol" title="3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol">MHPG</a>/<a href="/wiki/Vanillylmandelic_acid" title="Vanillylmandelic acid">VMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norepinephrine" title="Norepinephrine">Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)</a>→<a href="/wiki/3,4-Dihydroxymandelic_acid" title="3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid">DHMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normetanephrine" title="Normetanephrine">Normetanephrine</a>→<a href="/wiki/3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol" title="3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol">MHPG</a>/<a href="/wiki/Vanillylmandelic_acid" title="Vanillylmandelic acid">VMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dopamine" title="Dopamine">Dopamine</a>→<a href="/wiki/3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic_acid" title="3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid">DOPAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-Methoxytyramine" title="3-Methoxytyramine">3-Methoxytyramine</a>→<a href="/wiki/Homovanillic_acid" title="Homovanillic acid">HVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serotonin" title="Serotonin">Serotonin</a>→<a href="/wiki/5-Hydroxyindoleacetic_acid" title="5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid">5-HIAA</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Inhibitors: Non-selective: <a href="/wiki/Benmoxin" title="Benmoxin">Benmoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroxazone" title="Caroxazone">Caroxazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echinopsidine" title="Echinopsidine">Echinopsidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furazolidone" title="Furazolidone">Furazolidone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guineesine" title="Guineesine">Guineesine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydralazine" title="Hydralazine">Hydralazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indantadol" title="Indantadol">Indantadol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iproclozide" title="Iproclozide">Iproclozide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iproniazid" title="Iproniazid">Iproniazid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isocarboxazid" title="Isocarboxazid">Isocarboxazid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoniazid" title="Isoniazid">Isoniazid</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Linezolid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mebanazine" title="Mebanazine">Mebanazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metfendrazine" title="Metfendrazine">Metfendrazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nialamide" title="Nialamide">Nialamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octamoxin" title="Octamoxin">Octamoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraxazone" title="Paraxazone">Paraxazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenelzine" title="Phenelzine">Phenelzine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pheniprazine" title="Pheniprazine">Pheniprazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenoxypropazine" title="Phenoxypropazine">Phenoxypropazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pivhydrazine" title="Pivhydrazine">Pivhydrazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procarbazine" title="Procarbazine">Procarbazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safrazine" title="Safrazine">Safrazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tranylcypromine" title="Tranylcypromine">Tranylcypromine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Inhibitors: MAO-A-selective: <a href="/wiki/Amiflamine" title="Amiflamine">Amiflamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazinaprine" title="Bazinaprine">Bazinaprine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Befloxatone" title="Befloxatone">Befloxatone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brofaromine" title="Brofaromine">Brofaromine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimoxatone" title="Cimoxatone">Cimoxatone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clorgiline" title="Clorgiline">Clorgiline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CX157" title="CX157">CX157 (Tyrima)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eprobemide" title="Eprobemide">Eprobemide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esuprone" title="Esuprone">Esuprone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmala_alkaloid" title="Harmala alkaloid">Harmala alkaloids</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Harmine" title="Harmine">harmine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harmaline" title="Harmaline">harmaline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harmane" title="Harmane">harman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norharman" class="mw-redirect" title="Norharman">norharman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tetrahydroharmine" title="Tetrahydroharmine">tetrahydroharmine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylene_blue" title="Methylene blue">Methylene blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metralindole" title="Metralindole">Metralindole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minaprine" title="Minaprine">Minaprine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moclobemide" title="Moclobemide">Moclobemide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirlindole" title="Pirlindole">Pirlindole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sercloremine" title="Sercloremine">Sercloremine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrindole" title="Tetrindole">Tetrindole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toloxatone" title="Toloxatone">Toloxatone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Inhibitors: MAO-B selective: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adarigiline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adarigiline (page does not exist)">Adarigiline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almoxatone" title="Almoxatone">Almoxatone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-Deprenyl" title="D-Deprenyl">D-Deprenyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmethylselegiline" title="Desmethylselegiline">Desmethylselegiline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">Ethanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladostigil" title="Ladostigil">Ladostigil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazabemide" title="Lazabemide">Lazabemide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milacemide" title="Milacemide">Milacemide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mofegiline" title="Mofegiline">Mofegiline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicotine" title="Nicotine">Nicotine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pargyline" title="Pargyline">Pargyline</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasagiline" title="Rasagiline">Rasagiline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safinamide" title="Safinamide">Safinamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selegiline" title="Selegiline">Selegiline (L-Deprenyl)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sembragiline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sembragiline (page does not exist)">Sembragiline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tisolagiline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tisolagiline (page does not exist)">Tisolagiline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vafidemstat" title="Vafidemstat">Vafidemstat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Substituted_phenethylamine" title="Substituted phenethylamine">Phenethylamines</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dopamine" title="Dopamine">dopamine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epinephrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Epinephrine">epinephrine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norepinephrine" title="Norepinephrine">norepinephrine</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Phenylalanine_hydroxylase" title="Phenylalanine hydroxylase"><abbr title="Phenylalanine hydroxylase">PAH</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Substrates→Products: <a href="/wiki/Phenylalanine" title="Phenylalanine">Phenylalanine</a>→<a href="/wiki/Tyrosine" title="Tyrosine">Tyrosine</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Inhibitors: <a href="/wiki/3,4-Dihydroxystyrene" title="3,4-Dihydroxystyrene">3,4-Dihydroxystyrene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%91-Methylphenylalanine" title="Α-Methylphenylalanine">α-Methylphenylalanine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Tyrosine_hydroxylase" title="Tyrosine hydroxylase"><abbr title="Tyrosine hydroxylase">TH</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Tyrosine hydroxylase</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Substrates→Products: <a href="/wiki/Tyrosine" title="Tyrosine">Tyrosine</a>→<a href="/wiki/L-DOPA" title="L-DOPA">L-DOPA (levodopa)</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Inhibitors: <a href="/wiki/2-Hydroxyestradiol" title="2-Hydroxyestradiol">2-Hydroxyestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Hydroxyestrone" title="2-Hydroxyestrone">2-Hydroxyestrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-Iodotyrosine" title="3-Iodotyrosine">3-Iodotyrosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%91-Methyl-5-hydroxytryptophan" title="Α-Methyl-5-hydroxytryptophan">α-Methyl-5-hydroxytryptophan (α-Me-5-HTP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%91-Methylphenylalanine" title="Α-Methylphenylalanine">α-Methylphenylalanine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquayamycin" title="Aquayamycin">Aquayamycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulbocapnine" title="Bulbocapnine">Bulbocapnine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methyldopa" title="Methyldopa">Methyldopa (α-methyl-L-DOPA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metirosine" class="mw-redirect" title="Metirosine">Metirosine (α-methyl-p-tyrosine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oudenone" title="Oudenone">Oudenone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Dopamine_beta-hydroxylase" title="Dopamine beta-hydroxylase"><abbr title="Dopamine beta-hydroxylase">DBH</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Dopamine beta-hydroxylase</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Substrates→Products: <a href="/wiki/Dopamine" title="Dopamine">Dopamine</a>→<a href="/wiki/Norepinephrine" title="Norepinephrine">Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Inhibitors: <a href="/wiki/Bupicomide" title="Bupicomide">Bupicomide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disulfiram" title="Disulfiram">Disulfiram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dopastin" title="Dopastin">Dopastin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etamicastat" title="Etamicastat">Etamicastat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusaric_acid" title="Fusaric acid">Fusaric acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepicastat" title="Nepicastat">Nepicastat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenopicolinic_acid" title="Phenopicolinic acid">Phenopicolinic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropolone" title="Tropolone">Tropolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamicastat" title="Zamicastat">Zamicastat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Phenylethanolamine_N-methyltransferase" title="Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase"><abbr title="Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase">PNMT</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Substrates→Products: <a href="/wiki/Norepinephrine" title="Norepinephrine">Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)</a>→<a href="/wiki/Epinephrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Epinephrine">Epinephrine (adrenaline)</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Inhibitors: <a href="/w/index.php?title=CGS-19281A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CGS-19281A (page does not exist)">CGS-19281A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SKF-64139&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SKF-64139 (page does not exist)">SKF-64139</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SKF-7698&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SKF-7698 (page does not exist)">SKF-7698</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Catechol-O-methyl_transferase" class="mw-redirect" title="Catechol-O-methyl transferase"><abbr title="Catechol-O-methyl transferase">COMT</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Catechol-O-methyl transferase</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Substrates→Products: <a href="/wiki/Dopamine" title="Dopamine">Dopamine</a>→<a href="/wiki/3-Methoxytyramine" title="3-Methoxytyramine">3-Methoxytyramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOPAC" class="mw-redirect" title="DOPAC">DOPAC</a>→<a href="/wiki/Homovanillic_acid" title="Homovanillic acid">Homovanillic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norepinephrine" title="Norepinephrine">Norepinephrine</a>→<a href="/wiki/Normetanephrine" title="Normetanephrine">Normetanephrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epinephrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Epinephrine">Epinephrine</a>→<a href="/wiki/Metanephrine" title="Metanephrine">Metanephrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydroxyphenylethylene_glycol" title="Dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol">DOPEG</a>→<a href="/wiki/Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol" class="mw-redirect" title="Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol">MOPEG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3,4-Dihydroxymandelic_acid" title="3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid">DOMA</a>→<a href="/wiki/Vanillylmandelic_acid" title="Vanillylmandelic acid">VMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Hydroxyestradiol" title="2-Hydroxyestradiol">2-Hydroxyestradiol</a>→<a href="/wiki/2-Methoxyestradiol" title="2-Methoxyestradiol">2-Methoxyestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Hydroxyestrone" title="2-Hydroxyestrone">2-Hydroxyestrone</a>→<a href="/wiki/2-Methoxyestrone" title="2-Methoxyestrone">2-Methoxyestrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Hydroxyestradiol" title="4-Hydroxyestradiol">4-Hydroxyestradiol</a>→<a href="/wiki/4-Methoxyestradiol" title="4-Methoxyestradiol">4-Methoxyestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Hydroxyestrone" title="4-Hydroxyestrone">4-Hydroxyestrone</a>→<a href="/wiki/4-Methoxyestrone" title="4-Methoxyestrone">4-Methoxyestrone</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Inhibitors: <a href="/wiki/2-Hydroxyestradiol" title="2-Hydroxyestradiol">2-Hydroxyestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Hydroxyestrone" title="2-Hydroxyestrone">2-Hydroxyestrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entacapone" title="Entacapone">Entacapone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebicapone" title="Nebicapone">Nebicapone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neluxicapone" title="Neluxicapone">Neluxicapone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitecapone" title="Nitecapone">Nitecapone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opicapone" title="Opicapone">Opicapone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinalizarin" title="Quinalizarin">Quinalizarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolcapone" title="Tolcapone">Tolcapone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Substituted_tryptamine" title="Substituted tryptamine">Tryptamines</a> (<a href="/wiki/Serotonin" title="Serotonin">serotonin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melatonin" title="Melatonin">melatonin</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Tryptophan_hydroxylase" title="Tryptophan hydroxylase"><abbr title="Tryptophan hydroxylase">TPH</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Tryptophan hydroxylase</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Substrates→Products: <a href="/wiki/Tryptophan" title="Tryptophan">Tryptophan</a>→<a href="/wiki/5-HTP" class="mw-redirect" title="5-HTP">5-HTP</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Inhibitors: <a href="/wiki/AGN-2979" title="AGN-2979">AGN-2979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenclonine" title="Fenclonine">Fenclonine (PCPA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telotristat_ethyl" title="Telotristat ethyl">Telotristat ethyl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Serotonin_N-acetyl_transferase" class="mw-redirect" title="Serotonin N-acetyl transferase"><abbr title="Serotonin N-acetyl transferase">AANAT</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Serotonin N-acetyl transferase</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Substrates→Products: <a href="/wiki/Serotonin" title="Serotonin">Serotonin</a>→<a href="/wiki/N-Acetylserotonin" title="N-Acetylserotonin">N-Acetylserotonin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Acetylserotonin_O-methyltransferase" title="Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase"><abbr title="Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase">ASMT</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Substrates→Products: <a href="/wiki/N-Acetylserotonin" title="N-Acetylserotonin">N-Acetylserotonin</a>→<a href="/wiki/Melatonin" title="Melatonin">Melatonin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Histamine" title="Histamine">Histamine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Histidine_decarboxylase" title="Histidine decarboxylase"><abbr title="Histidine decarboxylase">HDC</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Histidine decarboxylase</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Substrates→Products: <a href="/wiki/L-Histidine" class="mw-redirect" title="L-Histidine">L-Histidine</a>→<a href="/wiki/Histamine" title="Histamine">Histamine</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Inhibitors: <a href="/wiki/(%2B)-Catechin" class="mw-redirect" title="(+)-Catechin">Catechin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-Fluoromethylhistidine" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Fluoromethylhistidine">Alpha-Fluoromethylhistidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histidine_methyl_ester" title="Histidine methyl ester">Histidine methyl ester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meciadanol" title="Meciadanol">Meciadanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naringenin" title="Naringenin">Naringenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tritoqualine" title="Tritoqualine">Tritoqualine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Histamine_N-methyltransferase" title="Histamine N-methyltransferase"><abbr title="Histamine N-methyltransferase">HNMT</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Histamine N-methyltransferase</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Substrates→Products: <a href="/wiki/Histamine" title="Histamine">Histamine</a>→<a href="/w/index.php?title=N-Methylhistamine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N-Methylhistamine (page does not exist)">N-Methylhistamine</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Inhibitors: <a href="/wiki/Amodiaquine" title="Amodiaquine">Amodiaquine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diphenhydramine" title="Diphenhydramine">Diphenhydramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmaline" title="Harmaline">Harmaline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metoprine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metoprine (page does not exist)">Metoprine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinacrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Quinacrine">Quinacrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SKF-91488" title="SKF-91488">SKF-91488</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacrine" title="Tacrine">Tacrine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Diamine_oxidase" title="Diamine oxidase"><abbr title="Diamine oxidase">DAO</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Diamine oxidase</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Substrates→Products: <a href="/wiki/Histamine" title="Histamine">Histamine</a>→<a href="/w/index.php?title=Imidazole_acetic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imidazole acetic acid (page does not exist)">Imidazole acetic acid</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Inhibitors: <a href="/wiki/Pimagedine" title="Pimagedine">Pimagedine (aminoguanidine)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a> • <a href="/wiki/Template:Adrenergics" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Adrenergics">Adrenergics</a> • <a href="/wiki/Template:Dopaminergics" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Dopaminergics">Dopaminergics</a> • <a href="/wiki/Template:Melatonergics" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Melatonergics">Melatonergics</a> • <a href="/wiki/Template:Serotonergics" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Serotonergics">Serotonergics</a> • <a href="/wiki/Template:Monoamine_reuptake_inhibitors" title="Template:Monoamine reuptake inhibitors">Monoamine reuptake inhibitors</a> • <a href="/wiki/Template:Monoamine_releasing_agents" title="Template:Monoamine releasing agents">Monoamine releasing agents</a> • <a href="/wiki/Template:Monoamine_neurotoxins" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Monoamine neurotoxins">Monoamine neurotoxins</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/8px-WHO_Rod.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/12px-WHO_Rod.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/16px-WHO_Rod.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="107" data-file-height="250" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Medicine" title="Portal:Medicine">Medicine</a></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linezolid&oldid=1269000743">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linezolid&oldid=1269000743</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2000_introductions" title="Category:2000 introductions">2000 introductions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_inventions" title="Category:American inventions">American inventions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anti-tuberculosis_drugs" title="Category:Anti-tuberculosis drugs">Anti-tuberculosis drugs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fluoroarenes" title="Category:Fluoroarenes">Fluoroarenes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hepatotoxins" title="Category:Hepatotoxins">Hepatotoxins</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Monoamine_oxidase_inhibitors" title="Category:Monoamine oxidase inhibitors">Monoamine oxidase inhibitors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:4-Morpholinyl_compounds" title="Category:4-Morpholinyl compounds">4-Morpholinyl compounds</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oxazolidinone_antibiotics" title="Category:Oxazolidinone antibiotics">Oxazolidinone antibiotics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Drugs_developed_by_Pfizer" title="Category:Drugs developed by Pfizer">Drugs developed by Pfizer</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_Health_Organization_essential_medicines" title="Category:World Health Organization essential medicines">World Health Organization essential medicines</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)">CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Portuguese-language_sources_(pt)" title="Category:CS1 Portuguese-language sources (pt)">CS1 Portuguese-language sources (pt)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Japanese-language_sources_(ja)" title="Category:CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)">CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating_from_June_2020" title="Category:Wikipedia articles in need of updating from June 2020">Wikipedia articles in need of updating from June 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles in need of updating">All Wikipedia articles in need of updating</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_December_2018" title="Category:Use dmy dates from December 2018">Use dmy dates from December 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Featured_articles" title="Category:Featured articles">Featured articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:ECHA_InfoCard_ID_from_Wikidata" title="Category:ECHA InfoCard ID from Wikidata">ECHA InfoCard ID from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2009" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2009">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2009</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2007" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2007">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2007</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_medicine_articles_ready_to_translate" title="Category:Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate">Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 12 January 2025, at 15:07 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linezolid&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"> Search </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" >Linezolid</div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"> 32 languages </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"> Add topic </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6758457cd4-xfwsc","wgBackendResponseTime":140,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.080","walltime":"2.343","ppvisitednodes":{"value":16230,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":578880,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":15227,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":25,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":11,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":636735,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2021.176 1 -total"," 54.13% 1094.075 1 Template:Reflist"," 29.48% 595.750 106 Template:Cite_journal"," 22.70% 458.798 1 Template:Infobox_drug"," 18.38% 371.517 1 Template:Infobox"," 9.39% 189.763 23 Template:Cite_web"," 7.48% 151.220 7 Template:Navbox"," 5.39% 108.958 2 Template:Short_description"," 4.88% 98.728 17 Template:Unbulleted_list"," 4.46% 90.240 1 Template:Other_antibacterials"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.165","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":10632026,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","220","14.9"],["?","160","10.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","100","6.8"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","100","6.8"],["date","80","5.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","80","5.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","60","4.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","60","4.1"],["init \u003CModule:Citation/CS1/Utilities\u003E","40","2.7"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","40","2.7"],["[others]","540","36.5"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-65b64b4b74-vmpw9","timestamp":"20250219122751","ttl":41536,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Linezolid","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Linezolid","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q411377","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q411377","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-01-08T14:25:59Z","dateModified":"2025-01-12T15:07:15Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/65\/Linezolid.svg","headline":"chemical compound"}</script> </body> </html>