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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Chemical class</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chemical_class-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mechanism_of_action" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mechanism_of_action"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Mechanism of action</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mechanism_of_action-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mode_of_alternative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mode_of_alternative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Mode of alternative</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mode_of_alternative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Therapeutic_class" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Therapeutic_class"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Therapeutic class</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Therapeutic_class-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amalgamated_classes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amalgamated_classes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Amalgamated classes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amalgamated_classes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_systems_of_classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_systems_of_classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Other systems of classification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_systems_of_classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Legal classification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grup_farmacol%C3%B2gic" title="Grup farmacològic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Grup farmacològic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirkstoffklasse" title="Wirkstoffklasse – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wirkstoffklasse" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="کلاس دارویی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کلاس دارویی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Դեղերի տեսակներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դեղերի տեսակներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelas_obat-obatan" title="Kelas obat-obatan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kelas obat-obatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelas_ubat" title="Kelas ubat – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kelas ubat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Drug_class_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Drug class (disambiguation)">Drug class (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Drug_class" title="Special:EditPage/Drug class">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Drug+class%22">"Drug class"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Drug+class%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Drug+class%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Drug+class%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Drug+class%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Drug+class%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>drug class</b> is a group of <a href="/wiki/Medication" title="Medication">medications</a> and other compounds that share similar <a href="/wiki/Chemical_structure" title="Chemical structure">chemical structures</a>, act through the same <a href="/wiki/Mechanism_of_action" title="Mechanism of action">mechanism of action</a> (i.e., binding to the same <a href="/wiki/Biological_target" title="Biological target">biological target</a>), have similar <a href="/wiki/Modes_of_action" class="mw-redirect" title="Modes of action">modes of action</a>, and/or are used to treat similar diseases.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">FDA</a> has long worked to classify and license new medications. Its Drug Evaluation and Research Center categorizes these medications based on both their <a href="/wiki/Chemical_structure" title="Chemical structure">chemical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indication_(medicine)" title="Indication (medicine)">therapeutic</a> classes.<sup id="cite_ref-Sanborn_1991_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanborn_1991-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In several major drug classification systems, these four types of classifications are organized into a hierarchy.<sup id="cite_ref-Mahoney_2008_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mahoney_2008-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, <a href="/wiki/Fibrate" title="Fibrate">fibrates</a> are a chemical class of drugs (amphipathic carboxylic acids) that share the same mechanism of action (<a href="/wiki/PPAR_agonist" title="PPAR agonist">PPAR agonist</a>), the same mode of action (reducing blood <a href="/wiki/Triglyceride" title="Triglyceride">triglyceride</a> levels), and are used to prevent and treat the same disease (<a href="/wiki/Atherosclerosis" title="Atherosclerosis">atherosclerosis</a>). However, not all PPAR agonists are fibrates, not all triglyceride-lowering agents are PPAR agonists, and not all drugs used to treat atherosclerosis lower triglycerides. A drug class is typically defined by a <a href="/wiki/Prototype_drug" title="Prototype drug">prototype drug</a>, the most important, and typically the first developed drug within the class, used as a reference for comparison. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comprehensive_systems">Comprehensive systems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drug_class&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Comprehensive systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_Therapeutic_Chemical_Classification_System" title="Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System">Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System</a> (ATC) – Combines classification by organ system and therapeutic, pharmacological, and chemical properties into five levels.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systematized_Nomenclature_of_Medicine" title="Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine">Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine</a> (SNOMED) – includes a section devoted to drug classification</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chemical_class">Chemical class</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drug_class&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Chemical class"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This type of categorisation of drugs is from a <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemical</a> perspective and categorises them by their chemical structure. Examples of drug classes that are based on chemical structures include: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 33em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analgesic" title="Analgesic">Analgesic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzodiazepine" title="Benzodiazepine">Benzodiazepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid" title="Cannabinoid">Cannabinoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiac_glycoside" title="Cardiac glycoside">Cardiac glycoside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibrate" title="Fibrate">Fibrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabapentinoid" title="Gabapentinoid">Gabapentinoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steroid" title="Steroid">Steroid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiazide_diuretic" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiazide diuretic">Thiazide diuretic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triptan" title="Triptan">Triptan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%92-lactam_antibiotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Β-lactam antibiotic">β-lactam antibiotic</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mechanism_of_action">Mechanism of action</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drug_class&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mechanism of action"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This type of categorisation is from a <a href="/wiki/Pharmacology" title="Pharmacology">pharmacological</a> perspective and categorises them by their biological target. Drug classes that share a common molecular <a href="/wiki/Mechanism_of_action" title="Mechanism of action">mechanism of action</a> modulate the activity of a specific <a href="/wiki/Biological_target" title="Biological target">biological target</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17016423_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17016423-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The definition of a mechanism of action also includes the type of activity at that biological target. For receptors, these activities include <a href="/wiki/Agonist" title="Agonist">agonist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Receptor_antagonist" title="Receptor antagonist">antagonist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inverse_agonist" title="Inverse agonist">inverse agonist</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Selective_receptor_modulator" title="Selective receptor modulator">modulator</a>. Enzyme target mechanisms include <a href="/wiki/Enzyme_activator" title="Enzyme activator">activator</a> or <a href="/wiki/Enzyme_inhibitor" title="Enzyme inhibitor">inhibitor</a>. Ion channel modulators include <a href="/wiki/Channel_opener" title="Channel opener">opener</a> or <a href="/wiki/Channel_blocker" title="Channel blocker">blocker</a>. The following are specific examples of drug classes whose definition is based on a specific mechanism of action: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 33em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5-alpha-reductase_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="5-alpha-reductase inhibitor">5-alpha-reductase inhibitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACE_inhibitor" title="ACE inhibitor">ACE inhibitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-adrenergic_agonist" title="Alpha-adrenergic agonist">Alpha-adrenergic agonist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angiotensin_II_receptor_antagonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Angiotensin II receptor antagonist">Angiotensin II receptor antagonist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_blocker" title="Beta blocker">Beta blocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholinergic" title="Cholinergic">Cholinergic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dopaminergic" title="Dopaminergic">Dopaminergic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GABAergic" title="GABAergic">GABAergic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glucagon-like_peptide-1_agonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist">Incretin mimetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonsteroidal_anti-inflammatory_drug" title="Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug">Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug</a> − <a href="/wiki/Cyclooxygenase" title="Cyclooxygenase">cyclooxygenase</a> inhibitor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton-pump_inhibitor" title="Proton-pump inhibitor">Proton-pump inhibitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renin_inhibitor" title="Renin inhibitor">Renin inhibitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_glucocorticoid_receptor_modulator" title="Selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator">Selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serotonin" title="Serotonin">Serotonergic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statin" title="Statin">Statin</a> – <a href="/wiki/HMG-CoA_reductase" title="HMG-CoA reductase">HMG-CoA reductase</a> inhibitor</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mode_of_alternative">Mode of alternative</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drug_class&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mode of alternative"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> This type of categorisation of drugs is from a <a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">biological</a> perspective and categorises them by the anatomical or functional change they induce. Drug classes that are defined by common <a href="/wiki/Mode_of_action" title="Mode of action">modes of action</a> (i.e. the functional or anatomical change they induce) include:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"></p><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 33em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antifungals" class="mw-redirect" title="Antifungals">Antifungals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimicrobials" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimicrobials">Antimicrobials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antithrombotics" class="mw-redirect" title="Antithrombotics">Antithrombotics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronchodilator" title="Bronchodilator">Bronchodilator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronotrope" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronotrope">Chronotrope</a> (positive or negative)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decongestant" title="Decongestant">Decongestant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diuretic" title="Diuretic">Diuretic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Antidiuretic" title="Antidiuretic">Antidiuretic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inotrope" title="Inotrope">Inotrope</a> (positive or negative)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Therapeutic_class">Therapeutic class</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drug_class&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Therapeutic class"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This type of categorisation of drugs is from a <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">medical</a> perspective and categorises them by the pathology they are used to treat. Drug classes that are defined by their <a href="/wiki/Indication_(medicine)" title="Indication (medicine)">therapeutic use</a> (the pathology they are intended to treat) include: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 33em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analgesics" class="mw-redirect" title="Analgesics">Analgesics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antibiotic" title="Antibiotic">Antibiotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anticancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Anticancer">Anticancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anticoagulant" title="Anticoagulant">Anticoagulant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antidepressant" title="Antidepressant">Antidepressant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antidiabetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Antidiabetic">Antidiabetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiepileptic" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiepileptic">Antiepileptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipsychotic" title="Antipsychotic">Antipsychotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antispasmodic" title="Antispasmodic">Antispasmodic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiviral" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiviral">Antiviral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiovascular">Cardiovascular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depressant" title="Depressant">Depressant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedative" title="Sedative">Sedative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stimulant" title="Stimulant">Stimulant</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Amalgamated_classes">Amalgamated classes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drug_class&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Amalgamated classes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some drug classes have been amalgamated from these three principles to meet practical needs. The class of <a href="/wiki/Nonsteroidal_anti-inflammatory_drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs">nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs</a> (NSAIDs) is one such example. Strictly speaking, and also historically, the wider class of anti-inflammatory drugs also comprises <a href="/wiki/Corticosteroid" title="Corticosteroid"><i>steroidal</i> anti-inflammatory drugs</a>. These drugs were in fact the predominant anti-inflammatories during the decade leading up to the introduction of the term "nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs." Because of the disastrous reputation that the corticosteroids had got in the 1950s, the new term, which offered to signal that an anti-inflammatory drug was not a steroid, rapidly gained currency.<sup id="cite_ref-Buer_2014_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buer_2014-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The drug class of "nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs" (NSAIDs) is thus composed by one element ("anti-inflammatory") that designates the mechanism of action, and one element ("nonsteroidal") that separates it from other drugs with that same mechanism of action. Similarly, one might argue that the class of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD) is composed by one element ("disease-modifying") that albeit vaguely designates a mechanism of action, and one element ("anti-rheumatic drug") that indicates its therapeutic use. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disease-modifying_antirheumatic_drug" title="Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug">Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug</a> (DMARD)<sup id="cite_ref-pmid26002695_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid26002695-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonsteroidal_anti-inflammatory_drug" title="Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug">Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug</a> (NSAID)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_systems_of_classification">Other systems of classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drug_class&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other systems of classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Other systems of drug classification exist, for example the <a href="/wiki/Biopharmaceutics_Classification_System" title="Biopharmaceutics Classification System">Biopharmaceutics Classification System</a> which determines a drugs' attributes by solubility and intestinal permeability. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_classification">Legal classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drug_class&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Legal classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>For the Canadian legal classification, see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-38.8/index.html">Controlled Drugs and Substances Act</a></li> <li>For the UK legal classification, see <a href="/wiki/Drugs_controlled_by_the_UK_Misuse_of_Drugs_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Drugs controlled by the UK Misuse of Drugs Act">Drugs controlled by the UK Misuse of Drugs Act</a></li> <li>For the US legal classification, see <a href="/wiki/Controlled_Substances_Act#Schedules_of_controlled_substances" title="Controlled Substances Act">Controlled Substances Act § Schedules of controlled substances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_category" title="Pregnancy category">Pregnancy category</a> is defined using a variety of systems by different jurisdictions</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drug_class&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 33em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMahoneyEvans2008" class="citation journal cs1">Mahoney A, Evans J (2008). 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United States National Library of Medicine<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-11-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PubMed+Health&rft.atitle=Drug+names+and+classes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpubmedhealth%2Fdrug-names-and-classes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADrug+class" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/InformationbyDrugClass/">"Information by Drug Class"</a>. <i>Drug Safety and Availability</i>. United States Food and Drug Administration<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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