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<li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> 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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Visual Basic for Applications</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications" title="Visual Basic for Applications – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Visual Basic for Applications" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%83_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="فيجوال بيسك للتطبيقات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيجوال بيسك للتطبيقات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications" title="Visual Basic for Applications – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Visual Basic for Applications" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications" title="Visual Basic for Applications – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Visual Basic for Applications" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications" title="Visual Basic for Applications – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Visual Basic for Applications" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications" title="Visual Basic for Applications – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Visual Basic for Applications" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications" title="Visual Basic for Applications – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Visual Basic for Applications" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="ویژوال بیسیک برای برنامه‌ها – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویژوال بیسیک برای برنامه‌ها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications" title="Visual Basic for Applications – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Visual Basic for Applications" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EC%A3%BC%EC%96%BC_%EB%B2%A0%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%81_%ED%8F%AC_%EC%95%A0%ED%94%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%BC%80%EC%9D%B4%EC%85%98" title="비주얼 베이직 포 애플리케이션 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="비주얼 베이직 포 애플리케이션" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications" title="Visual Basic for Applications – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Visual Basic for Applications" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications" title="Visual Basic for Applications – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Visual Basic for Applications" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications" title="Visual Basic for Applications – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Visual Basic for Applications" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications" title="Visual Basic for Applications – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Visual Basic for Applications" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/VBA" title="VBA – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="VBA" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AB%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ವಿಷುವಲ್ ಬೇಸಿಕ್ ಫಾರ್ ಅಪ್ಲಿಕೇಷನ್ಸ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿಷುವಲ್ ಬೇಸಿಕ್ ಫಾರ್ ಅಪ್ಲಿಕೇಷನ್ಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications" title="Visual Basic for Applications – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Visual Basic for Applications" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications" title="Visual Basic for Applications – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Visual Basic for Applications" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications" title="Visual Basic for Applications – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Visual Basic for Applications" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications" title="Visual Basic for Applications – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Visual Basic for Applications" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications" title="Visual Basic for Applications – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Visual Basic for Applications" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications" title="Visual Basic for Applications – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Visual Basic for Applications" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications" title="Visual Basic for Applications – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Visual Basic for Applications" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications" title="Visual Basic for Applications – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Visual Basic for Applications" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications" title="Visual Basic for Applications – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Visual Basic for Applications" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="วิชวลเบสิกฟอร์แอปพลิเคชันส์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิชวลเบสิกฟอร์แอปพลิเคชันส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications" title="Visual Basic for Applications – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Visual Basic for Applications" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications" title="Visual Basic for Applications – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Visual Basic for Applications" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications" title="Visual Basic for Applications – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Visual Basic for Applications" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications" title="Visual Basic for Applications – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Visual Basic for Applications" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q667566#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Implementation of Microsoft's event-driven programming language Visual Basic 6</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Visual Basic for Applications</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Microsoft_Visual_Basic_for_Applications_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Microsoft_Visual_Basic_for_Applications_logo.svg/121px-Microsoft_Visual_Basic_for_Applications_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="121" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Microsoft_Visual_Basic_for_Applications_logo.svg/182px-Microsoft_Visual_Basic_for_Applications_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Microsoft_Visual_Basic_for_Applications_logo.svg/242px-Microsoft_Visual_Basic_for_Applications_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="470" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Programming_paradigm" title="Programming paradigm">Paradigm</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Multi-paradigm_programming_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-paradigm programming language">Multi-paradigm</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Software_developer" class="mw-redirect" title="Software developer">Developer</a></th><td class="infobox-data organiser"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First appeared</th><td class="infobox-data">1993<span class="noprint">; 32 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1993</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">12 <p>712(<a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2021" title="Microsoft Office 2021">Office 2021</a>) </p> </div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Type_system" title="Type system">Typing discipline</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Type_system#Combinations_of_dynamic_and_static_typing" title="Type system">Static/Dynamic Hybrid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strong_and_weak_typing" title="Strong and weak typing">Strong/Weak Hybrid</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">OS</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>, <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Commercial_software" title="Commercial software">Commercial</a> <a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">proprietary software</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/office/vba/library-reference/concepts/getting-started-with-vba-in-office">https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/office/vba/library-reference/concepts/getting-started-with-vba-in-office</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Influenced by</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/QuickBASIC" title="QuickBASIC">QuickBASIC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_(classic)" title="Visual Basic (classic)">Visual Basic</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Visual Basic for Applications</b> (<b>VBA</b>) is an implementation of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>'s event-driven programming language <a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Basic 6">Visual Basic 6.0</a> built into most desktop <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office" title="Microsoft Office">Microsoft Office</a> applications. Although based on pre-.NET Visual Basic, which is no longer supported or updated by Microsoft (except under Microsoft's "It Just Works" support which is for the full lifetime of supported Windows versions, including Windows 10 and Windows 11), the VBA implementation in Office continues to be updated to support new Office features.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> VBA is used for professional and <a href="/wiki/End-user_development" title="End-user development">end-user development</a> due to its perceived ease-of-use, Office's vast installed userbase, and extensive legacy in business. </p><p>Visual Basic for Applications enables building <a href="/wiki/User-defined_function" title="User-defined function">user-defined functions</a> (UDFs), automating processes and accessing <a href="/wiki/Windows_API" title="Windows API">Windows API</a> and other low-level functionality through <a href="/wiki/Dynamic-link_library" title="Dynamic-link library">dynamic-link libraries</a> (DLLs). It supersedes and expands on the abilities of earlier application-specific <a href="/wiki/Macro_(computer_science)" title="Macro (computer science)">macro</a> programming languages such as <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">Word's</a> <a href="/wiki/WordBASIC" title="WordBASIC">WordBASIC</a>. It can be used to control many aspects of the host application, including manipulating user interface features, such as menus and toolbars, and working with custom user forms or dialog boxes. </p><p>As its name suggests, VBA is closely related to Visual Basic and uses the Visual Basic Runtime Library. However, VBA code normally can only run within a host application, rather than as a <a href="/wiki/Standalone_program" title="Standalone program">standalone program</a>. VBA can, however, control one application from another using <a href="/wiki/OLE_Automation" title="OLE Automation">OLE Automation</a>. For example, VBA can automatically create a <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">Microsoft Word</a> report from <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Excel" title="Microsoft Excel">Microsoft Excel</a> data that Excel collects automatically from polled sensors. VBA can use, but not create, <a href="/wiki/Component_Object_Model" title="Component Object Model">ActiveX/COM</a> DLLs, and later versions add support for class modules. </p><p>VBA is built into most <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office" title="Microsoft Office">Microsoft Office</a> applications, including Office for Mac OS X (except version 2008), and other Microsoft applications, including <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_MapPoint" title="Microsoft MapPoint">Microsoft MapPoint</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Visio" title="Microsoft Visio">Microsoft Visio</a>. VBA is also implemented, at least partially, in applications published by companies other than Microsoft, including <a href="/wiki/ArcGIS" title="ArcGIS">ArcGIS</a>, <a href="/wiki/AutoCAD" title="AutoCAD">AutoCAD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Collabora_Online" title="Collabora Online">Collabora Online</a>, <a href="/wiki/CorelDraw" class="mw-redirect" title="CorelDraw">CorelDraw</a>, <a href="/wiki/WPS_Office" title="WPS Office">Kingsoft Office</a>, <a href="/wiki/LibreOffice" title="LibreOffice">LibreOffice</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/SolidWorks" title="SolidWorks">SolidWorks</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/WordPerfect" title="WordPerfect">WordPerfect</a>, and UNICOM <a href="/wiki/System_Architect" title="System Architect">System Architect</a> (which supports VBA 7.1). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_Basic_for_Applications&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When personal computers were initially released in the 1970s and 1980s, they typically included a version of <a href="/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC">BASIC</a> so that customers could write their own programs. Microsoft's first products were BASIC compilers and interpreters, and the company distributed versions of BASIC with <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a> (versions 1.0 through 6.0) and developed follow-on products that offered more features and capabilities (<a href="/wiki/QuickBASIC" title="QuickBASIC">QuickBASIC</a> and BASIC Professional Development System). </p><p>In 1989, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> sketched out Microsoft's plans to use BASIC as a universal language to embellish or alter the performance of a range of software applications on microcomputers.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also revealed that the installed base of active BASIC programmers was four million users, and that BASIC was used three times more frequently than any other language on PCs. </p><p>When Visual Basic was released in 1991, it seemed logical to use Visual Basic as the universal programming language for Windows applications. Until that time, each Microsoft application had its own macro language or automation technique, and the tools were largely incompatible. The first Microsoft application to debut VBA was Microsoft Excel 5.0 in 1993, based on Microsoft Visual Basic 3.0. This spurred the development of numerous custom business applications, and the decision was made to release VBA in a range of products. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_Basic_for_Applications&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Code written in VBA is <a href="/wiki/Compiler" title="Compiler">compiled</a><sup id="cite_ref-both_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-both-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_P-Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft P-Code">Microsoft P-Code</a> (pseudo-code), a proprietary <a href="/wiki/Intermediate_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Intermediate language">intermediate language</a>, which the host applications (<a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access">Access</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Excel" title="Microsoft Excel">Excel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">Word</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Outlook" title="Microsoft Outlook">Outlook</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_PowerPoint" title="Microsoft PowerPoint">PowerPoint</a>) store as a separate <a href="/wiki/Stream_(computing)" title="Stream (computing)">stream</a> in <a href="/wiki/COM_Structured_Storage" title="COM Structured Storage">COM Structured Storage</a> files (e.g., <code>.doc</code> or <code>.xls</code>) independent of the document streams. The intermediate code is then executed<sup id="cite_ref-both_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-both-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by a <a href="/wiki/Virtual_machine" title="Virtual machine">virtual machine</a> (hosted by the host application). Compatibility ends with Visual Basic version 6; VBA is incompatible with <a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Basic .NET">Visual Basic .NET</a> (VB.NET). VBA is proprietary to Microsoft and, apart from the COM interface, is not an <a href="/wiki/Open_standard" title="Open standard">open standard</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Automation">Automation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_Basic_for_Applications&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Automation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Interaction with the host application uses <a href="/wiki/OLE_Automation" title="OLE Automation">OLE Automation</a>. Typically, the host application provides a <a href="/wiki/Data_type" title="Data type">type</a> library and <a href="/wiki/Application_programming_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Application programming interface">application programming interface</a> (API) documentation which document how VBA programs can interact with the application. This documentation can be examined from inside the VBA development environment using its Object Browser. </p><p>Visual Basic for Applications programs which are written to use the OLE Automation interface of one application cannot be used to automate a different application, even if that application hosts the Visual Basic runtime, because the OLE Automation interfaces will be different. For example, a VBA program written to automate Microsoft Word cannot be used with a different word processor, even if that word processor hosts VBA. </p><p>Conversely, multiple applications can be automated from the one host by creating Application objects within the VBA code. References to the different libraries must be created within the VBA client before any of the methods, objects, etc. become available to use in the application. This is achieved through what is referred to as Early or Late Binding. These application objects create the OLE link to the application when they are first created. Commands to the different applications must be done explicitly through these application objects in order to work correctly. </p><p>As an example, VBA code written in Microsoft Access can establish references to the Excel, Word and Outlook libraries; this allows creating an application that – for instance – runs a query in Access, exports the results to Excel and analyzes them, and then formats the output as tables in a Word document or sends them as an Outlook email. </p><p>VBA programs can be attached to a menu button, a <a href="/wiki/Macro_(computer_science)" title="Macro (computer science)">macro</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_shortcut" title="Keyboard shortcut">keyboard shortcut</a>, or an OLE/COM event, such as the opening of a document in the application. The language provides a user interface in the form of UserForms, which can host <a href="/wiki/ActiveX" title="ActiveX">ActiveX</a> controls for added functionality. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Inter-process_communication" title="Inter-process communication">Inter-process communication</a> automation includes the <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Data_Exchange" title="Dynamic Data Exchange">Dynamic Data Exchange</a> (DDE) and <a href="/wiki/Real-time_data" title="Real-time data">RealTimeData</a> (RTD) which allows calling a <a href="/wiki/Component_Object_Model" title="Component Object Model">Component Object Model</a> (COM) automation server for dynamic or realtime financial or scientific data.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Security_concerns">Security concerns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_Basic_for_Applications&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Security concerns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As with any common programming language, VBA macros can be created with malicious intent. Using VBA, most of the <a href="/wiki/Computer_security" title="Computer security">security</a> features lie in the hands of the user, not the author. The VBA host application options are accessible to the user. The user who runs any document containing VBA macros can preset the software with user preferences. <a href="/wiki/End-user_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="End-user (computer science)">End-users</a> can protect themselves from attack by disabling macros from running in an application or by granting permission for a document to run VBA code only if they are sure that the source of the document can be trusted. </p><p>In February 2022, Microsoft announced its plan to block VBA macros in files downloaded from the Internet by default in a variety of Office apps due to their widespread use to spread malware.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Macro_risks">Macro risks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_Basic_for_Applications&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Macro risks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A risk with using VBA macros, such as in <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office" title="Microsoft Office">Microsoft Office</a> applications, is exposure to viruses.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Attack_prevent_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Attack_prevent-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Risks stem from factors including ease of writing macros which decreases the skill required the write a malicious macro and that typical document sharing practices allow for a virus to spread quickly.<sup id="cite_ref-Melissa_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melissa-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>System macro virus</dt></dl> <p>A system macro – one that provides a core operation – can be redefined. This allows for significant flexibility, but also is a risk that hackers can exploit to access the document and its host computer without the user's knowledge or consent. For example, a hacker could replace the built-in core functionality macros such as AutoExec, AutoNew, AutoClose, AutoOpen, AutoExit with malicious versions.<sup id="cite_ref-Melissa_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melissa-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A malicious macro could be configured to run when the user presses a common keyboard shortcut such as <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1249182868">.mw-parser-output .keyboard-key{border:1px solid #aaa;border-radius:0.2em;box-shadow:0.1em 0.1em 0.2em rgba(0,0,0,0.1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0),var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa),var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0));color:var(--color-base,#202122);padding:0.1em 0.3em;font-family:inherit;font-size:0.85em}</style><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Ctrl+B</kbd> which is normally for bold font.<sup id="cite_ref-Melissa_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melissa-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Document-to-macro conversion</dt></dl> <p>A type of macro virus that cuts and pastes the text of a document in the macro. The macro could be invoked with the Auto-open macro so that the text would be re-created when the document (empty) is opened. The user will not notice that the document is empty. The macro could also convert only some parts of the text in order to be less noticeable. Removing macros from the document manually or by using an anti-virus program could lead to a loss of content in the document. <sup id="cite_ref-Attack_prevent_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Attack_prevent-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 609–610">: 609–610 </span></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Polymorphic macros</dt></dl> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Polymorphic_code" title="Polymorphic code">Polymorphic</a> viruses change their code in fundamental ways with each replication in order to avoid detection by anti-virus scanners.</i><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">WordBasic</a> (first name of the language <a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic">Visual Basic</a>), <a href="/wiki/Polymorphic_code" title="Polymorphic code">polymorphic</a> viruses are difficult to do.<br /> Indeed, the macro's <a href="/wiki/Polymorphic_code" title="Polymorphic code">polymorphism</a> relies of the <a href="/wiki/Encryption" title="Encryption">encryption</a> of the document. However, the hackers have no control of the <a href="/wiki/Encryption_key" class="mw-redirect" title="Encryption key">encryption key</a>.<br /> Furthermore, the encryption is inefficient: the encrypted macros are just in the document, so the encryption key is too and when a <a href="/wiki/Polymorphic_code" title="Polymorphic code">polymorphic</a> macro replicates itself, the key does not change (the replication affects only the macro not the encryption).<br /> In addition to these difficulties, a macro can not modify itself, but another macro can. WordBasic is a powerful language, it allows some operations to the macros: </p> <ul><li>Rename the variables used in the macro(s).</li> <li>Insert random comments between the operators of its macro(s)</li> <li>Insert between the operators of its macros other, ‘do-nothing’ WordBasic operators which do not affect the execution of the virus.</li> <li>Replace some of its operators with others, equivalent ones, which perform the same function.</li> <li>Swap around any operators the order of which does not impact the result of the macro’s execution.</li> <li>Rename the macro(s) themselves to new, randomly selected names each time the virus replicates itself to a new document, with the appropriate changes in these parts of the virus body which refer to these macros.</li></ul> <p>So, in order to implement macros viruses which can change its contents, hackers have to create another macro which fulfills the task to modify the content of the virus. However, this type of macro viruses is not widespread. Indeed, hackers frequently choose to do macro viruses because they are easy and quick to implement. Making a <a href="/wiki/Polymorphic_code" title="Polymorphic code">polymorphic</a> macro requires a lot of knowledge of the WordBasic language (it needs the advanced functionalities) and more time than a "classic" macro virus. Even if a hacker were to make a polymorphic macro, the <a href="/wiki/Polymorphic_code" title="Polymorphic code">polymorphism</a> needs to be done, so, the document needs to update and the update can be visible to a user.<sup id="cite_ref-Attack_prevent_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Attack_prevent-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 610–612">: 610–612 </span></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Chained macros</dt></dl> <p>During replication, a macro can create do-nothing macros. But this idea can be combined with polymorphic macros, so macros are not necessarily do-nothing; each macro invokes the next one, so they can be arranged in a chain. In such a case, if they are not all removed during a disinfection, some destructive payload is activated. Such an attack can crash the winword processor with an internal error. Since <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">Winword 6.0</a>, the number of macros per template is limited to 150, so the attack is limited, too, but can still be very annoying. <sup id="cite_ref-Attack_prevent_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Attack_prevent-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 623">: 623 </span></sup> </p> <dl><dt>"Mating" macro viruses</dt></dl> <p>Macro viruses can, in some cases, interact between themselves. If two viruses are executed at the same time, both of them can modify the source code of each other.<br /> So, it results a new virus which can not be recognize by the anti-viruses software. But the result is totally random: the macro virus can be more infectious or less infectious, depending upon which part of the virus has been changed.<br /> However, when the 'mating' is unintentional, the resulting macro virus has more chances to be less infectious.<br /> Indeed, in order to replicate itself, it has to know the commands in the source code, but, if it is changed with a random scheme, the macro can not replicate itself.<br /> Nevertheless, it is possible to do such macros intentionally (it is different from polymorphic macros viruses which must use another macro to change their contents) in order to increase the infectivity of the two viruses.<br /> In the example of the article,<sup id="cite_ref-Attack_prevent_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Attack_prevent-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 612–613">: 612–613 </span></sup> the macro virus <i>Colors<sup id="cite_ref-Colors_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Colors-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> infected a document, but another infected the user's system before : the macro virus <i>Concept</i>.<br /> Both of these viruses use the command <i>AutoOpen</i>, so, at first, the macro virus <i>Colors</i> was detected but the command <i>AutoOpen</i> in it was the command of the macro virus <i>Concept</i>.<br /> Moreover, when <i>Concept</i> duplicates itself, it is unencrypted, but the command in the virus <i>Colors</i> was encrypted (Colors encrypt its commands).<br /> So, replication of the macro virus <i>Concept</i> results in the hybridation of this macro virus (which had infected the user's system first) and <i>Colors</i>.<br /> The "hybrid" could replicate itself only if <i>AutoOpen</i> were not executed; indeed this command comes from <i>Concept</i>, but the body of the hybrid is <i>Colors</i>, so that create some conflicts.<br /> This example shows the potential of mating macro viruses: if a couple of mating macro viruses is created, it will make it more difficult to detect both macro viruses (in this hypothesis, there are only two viruses which mate) by the <a href="/wiki/Signature_based_detection" class="mw-redirect" title="Signature based detection">virus-specific</a> scanners and may reinforce the virility of the viruses.<br /> Fortunately, this type of macro virus is rare (more than the polymorphic macro viruses, one may not even exist), indeed, creating two (or more) which can interact with each other and not reduce the virility (rather reinforce it) is complicated. </p> <dl><dt>Macro virus mutators</dt></dl> <p>Among the worst scenarios in the world of viruses would be a tool allowing one to create a new virus by modifying an existing one. For executable files, it is hard to create this kind of tool. But it is very simple for macro viruses since sources of macros are always available. Based on the same idea of polymorphic macros, a macro can perform modifications to all macros present in the document. Considering this, there are just a few modifications to make to the macro in order to convert it in a macro virus mutator. So it is easy to create macro virus generators, and thereby to create quickly several thousands of known viruses. <sup id="cite_ref-Attack_prevent_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Attack_prevent-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 613–614">: 613–614 </span></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Parasitic macro viruses</dt></dl> <p>Most macros viruses are stand-alone; they do not depend on other macros (for the infectious part of the virus, not for the replication for some viruses), but some macros viruses do. They are called parasitic macros.<sup id="cite_ref-Attack_prevent_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Attack_prevent-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 614–615">: 614–615 </span></sup> When launched, they check other macros (viruses or not), and append their contents to them. In this way, all of the macros became viruses. But, this type of macro can not be spread as quickly as stand-alone macros. Indeed, it depends on other macros, so, without them, the virus can not be spread. So, parasitic macros often are hybrid: they are stand alone and they can infect other macros. This kind of macro virus poses real problems to the <a href="/wiki/Virus_scanner#Signature-based_detection" class="mw-redirect" title="Virus scanner">virus-specific</a> anti-virus; in fact, they change the content of other viruses, so that accurate detection is not possible. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Suboptimal_anti-virus">Suboptimal anti-virus</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_Basic_for_Applications&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Suboptimal anti-virus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are different types of anti-virus (or scanners), one is the <a href="/wiki/Heuristic_analysis" title="Heuristic analysis">heuristic analysis</a> anti-virus which interprets or emulates macros.<br /> Indeed, to examine all branches of macros require a <a href="/wiki/NP-complete" class="mw-redirect" title="NP-complete">NP-complete</a> complexity<sup id="cite_ref-Attack_prevent_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Attack_prevent-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 605">: 605 </span></sup> (using <a href="/wiki/Backtracking" title="Backtracking">backtracking</a>), so in this case, the analysis of one document (which contains macros) would take too much time. Interpreting or emulating a macro would lead to either <a href="/wiki/False_positive#Type_I_error" class="mw-redirect" title="False positive">false positive</a> errors or in macro viruses not detected. </p><p>Another type of anti-virus, the <a href="/wiki/Integrity_checker#Integrity_verification" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrity checker">integrity checker</a> anti-virus, in some cases, does not work: it only checks documents with extensions DOT<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word#Filename_extensions" title="Microsoft Word">DOC</a> (indeed, some anti-virus producers suggest to their users), but Word documents can reside in others extensions than those two, and the content of the document tends to change often.<sup id="cite_ref-Attack_prevent_10-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Attack_prevent-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 605">: 605 </span></sup><br /> So, like the <a href="/wiki/Heuristic_analysis" title="Heuristic analysis">heuristic analysis</a>, this can lead to <a href="/wiki/False_positive#Type_I_error" class="mw-redirect" title="False positive">false positives</a> errors, due to the fact that this type of anti-virus checks the whole document.<br /> </p><p>The last type of anti-virus seen will be the <a href="/wiki/Virus_scanner#Signature-based_detection" class="mw-redirect" title="Virus scanner">virus-specific</a> scanner.<sup id="cite_ref-Attack_prevent_10-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Attack_prevent-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 608">: 608 </span></sup> It searches the signature of viruses, so, the type of anti-virus is weaker than the previous ones.<br /> Indeed, the viruses detected by <a href="/wiki/Virus_scanner#Signature-based_detection" class="mw-redirect" title="Virus scanner">virus-specific</a> scanners are just the ones known by the software producers (so, more updates are needed than in other types of scanners). Moreover, this type of anti-virus is weak against morphing viruses (cf.<a href="#Different_types_of_macros_viruses">section above</a>). If a macro virus change its content (so, its signature), it cannot be detected any more by the <a href="/wiki/Virus_scanner#Signature-based_detection" class="mw-redirect" title="Virus scanner">virus-specific</a> scanners, even if it is the same virus doing the same actions. Its signature does not match the one declared in the virus scanner. </p><p>Additional to the responsibility of the anti-virus is the user's responsibility: if a potential macro virus is detected, the user can choose what to do with it: ignore it, <a href="/wiki/Quarantine_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quarantine (computing)">quarantine</a> it or destroy it, but the last option is the most dangerous.<br /> The anti-virus can activate some destructive macro viruses which destroy some data when they are deleted by the anti-virus.<br /> So, both virus scanners and users are responsible for the security and the integrity of the documents/computer.<br /> Moreover, even if the anti-virus is not optimal in the virus detection, most macro viruses are detected and the progression in virus detection improves but with creation of new macro viruses. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Version_history">Version history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_Basic_for_Applications&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Version history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>VBA was first launched with MS Excel 5.0 in 1993. It became an instant success among developers to create corporate solutions using Excel. Inclusion of VBA with Microsoft Project, Access and Word replacing Access BASIC and <a href="/wiki/WordBASIC" title="WordBASIC">WordBASIC</a> respectively made it more popular.</li> <li>VBA 4.0 is the next famous release with a totally upgraded version compared to previous one. Released in 1996, it is written in C++ and became an object oriented language.</li> <li>VBA 5.0 was launched in 1997 along with all of MS Office 97 products. The only exception for this was Outlook 97 which used <a href="/wiki/VBScript" title="VBScript">VBScript</a>.</li> <li>VBA 6.0 and VBA 6.1 were launched in 1999, notably with support for COM add-ins in Office 2000. VBA 6.2 was released alongside Office 2000 SR-1.</li> <li>VBA 6.3 was released after Office XP, VBA 6.4 followed Office 2003 and VBA 6.5 was released with Office 2007.</li> <li>Office 2010 includes VBA 7.0. There are no new features in VBA 7 for developers compared to VBA 6.5 except for 64-bit support. However, after VBA 6.5/Office 2007, Microsoft stopped licensing VBA for other applications.</li> <li>Office 2013, Office 2016, Office 2019 and Office 2021 include VBA 7.1.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_Basic_for_Applications&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of July 1, 2007, Microsoft no longer offers VBA distribution licenses to new customers. Microsoft intended to add .NET-based languages to the current version of VBA ever since the release of the <a href="/wiki/.NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET Framework</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of which versions 1.0 and 1.1 included a scripting runtime technology named <i>Script for the .NET Framework</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Visual Studio .NET 2002 and 2003 SDK contained a separate scripting IDE called <i>Visual Studio for Applications</i> (VSA) that supported VB.NET.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VSA_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VSA-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of its significant features was that the interfaces to the technology were available via <a href="/wiki/Active_Scripting" title="Active Scripting">Active Scripting</a> (<a href="/wiki/VBScript" title="VBScript">VBScript</a> and <a href="/wiki/JScript" title="JScript">JScript</a>), allowing even .NET-unaware applications to be scripted via .NET languages. However, VSA was deprecated in version 2.0 of the .NET Framework,<sup id="cite_ref-VSA_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VSA-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> leaving no clear upgrade path for applications desiring Active Scripting support (although "scripts" can be created in <a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C#</a>, <a href="/wiki/VBScript" title="VBScript">VBScript</a>, and other .NET languages, which can be <a href="/wiki/Compiler" title="Compiler">compiled</a> and executed at run-time via <a href="/wiki/Library_(computing)" title="Library (computing)">libraries</a> installed as part of the standard .NET runtime). </p><p>Microsoft dropped VBA support for <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2008_for_Mac" title="Microsoft Office 2008 for Mac">Microsoft Office 2008 for Mac</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> VBA was restored in <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_for_Mac_2011" title="Microsoft Office for Mac 2011">Microsoft Office for Mac 2011</a>. Microsoft said that it has no plan to remove VBA from the Windows version of Office.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With <a href="/wiki/Office_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="Office 2010">Office 2010</a>, Microsoft introduced VBA7, which contains a true pointer data type: LongPtr. This allows referencing 64-bit address space. The 64-bit install of Office 2010 does not support common controls of MSComCtl (TabStrip, Toolbar, StatusBar, ProgressBar, TreeView, ListViews, ImageList, Slider, ImageComboBox) or MSComCt2 (Animation, UpDown, MonthView, DateTimePicker, FlatScrollBar), so legacy 32-bit code ported to 64-bit VBA code that depends on these common controls will not function. This did not affect the 32-bit version Office 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Microsoft eventually released a 64-bit version of MSComCtl with the July 27th, 2017 update to Office 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_Basic_for_Applications&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks has more on the topic of: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Visual_Basic_for_Applications" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Special:Search/Visual Basic for Applications">Visual Basic for Applications</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio_Tools_for_Applications" title="Visual Studio Tools for Applications">Visual Studio Tools for Applications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio_Tools_for_Office" title="Visual Studio Tools for Office">Visual Studio Tools for Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_Studio" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Visual Studio">Microsoft Visual Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_FrontPage" title="Microsoft FrontPage">Microsoft FrontPage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenOffice_Basic" title="OpenOffice Basic">OpenOffice Basic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LotusScript" title="LotusScript">LotusScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Power_Fx" title="Microsoft Power Fx">Microsoft Power Fx</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_Basic_for_Applications&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee691831.aspx">"Compatibility Between the 32-bit and 64-bit Versions of Office 2010"</a>. <i>msdn.microsoft.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=msdn.microsoft.com&rft.atitle=Compatibility+Between+the+32-bit+and+64-bit+Versions+of+Office+2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmsdn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Flibrary%2Fee691831.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVisual+Basic+for+Applications" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://redmondmag.com/news/article.asp?EditorialsID=126">the original</a> on 2007-12-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Microsoft+Takes+Wraps+Off+VSA+Development+Technology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fredmondmag.com%2Fnews%2Farticle.asp%3FEditorialsID%3D126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVisual+Basic+for+Applications" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VSA-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VSA_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VSA_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070211180713/http://www.codeproject.com/csharp/VsaScripting.asp">"VSA scripting in .NET"</a>. 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title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1.x</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_3.0" title="Microsoft Office 3.0">3.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_4.x" title="Microsoft Office 4.x">4.x</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_95" title="Microsoft Office 95">95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_97" title="Microsoft Office 97">97</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2000" title="Microsoft Office 2000">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_XP" title="Microsoft Office XP">XP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2003" title="Microsoft Office 2003">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2007" title="Microsoft Office 2007">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2010" title="Microsoft Office 2010">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2013" title="Microsoft Office 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<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2001" title="Microsoft Office 2001">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_v._X" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Office v. X">X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2004_for_Mac" title="Microsoft Office 2004 for Mac">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2008_for_Mac" title="Microsoft Office 2008 for Mac">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_for_Mac_2011" title="Microsoft Office for Mac 2011">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2016" title="Microsoft Office 2016">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2019" title="Microsoft Office 2019">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2021" title="Microsoft Office 2021">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2024" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Office 2024">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applications<br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Microsoft_365_applications_and_services" title="List of Microsoft 365 applications and services">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Desktop</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access">Access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Excel" title="Microsoft Excel">Excel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_OneNote" title="Microsoft OneNote">OneNote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Outlook" title="Microsoft Outlook">Outlook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_PowerPoint" title="Microsoft PowerPoint">PowerPoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Project" title="Microsoft Project">Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Publisher" title="Microsoft Publisher">Publisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Teams" title="Microsoft Teams">Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Visio" title="Microsoft Visio">Visio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">Word</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Server</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SharePoint" title="SharePoint">SharePoint</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Excel_Services" title="Excel Services">Excel Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Project_Server" title="Microsoft Project Server">Project Server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Search_Server" title="Microsoft Search Server">Search Server</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skype_for_Business_Server" title="Skype for Business Server">Skype for Business Server</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mobile</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Excel" title="Microsoft Excel">Excel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_Lens" class="mw-redirect" title="Office Lens">Lens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OneDrive" title="OneDrive">OneDrive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_OneNote" title="Microsoft OneNote">OneNote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Outlook" title="Microsoft Outlook">Outlook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_PowerPoint" title="Microsoft PowerPoint">PowerPoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_Remote" class="mw-redirect" title="Office Remote">Remote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Sway" title="Microsoft Sway">Sway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Teams" title="Microsoft Teams">Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">Word</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Web</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Bookings" title="Microsoft Bookings">Bookings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_Delve" class="mw-redirect" title="Office Delve">Delve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Excel" title="Microsoft Excel">Excel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Forms" title="Microsoft Forms">Forms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Loop" title="Microsoft Loop">Loop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OneDrive" title="OneDrive">OneDrive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_OneNote" title="Microsoft OneNote">OneNote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlook_on_the_web" title="Outlook on the web">Outlook on the web</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlook.com" title="Outlook.com">Outlook.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Planner" title="Microsoft Planner">Planner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_PowerPoint" title="Microsoft PowerPoint">PowerPoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Project" title="Microsoft Project">Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SharePoint" title="SharePoint">SharePoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Stream" title="Microsoft Stream">Stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Sway" title="Microsoft Sway">Sway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Teams" title="Microsoft Teams">Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_To_Do" title="Microsoft To Do">To Do</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_365_Video" class="mw-redirect" title="Office 365 Video">Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viva_Engage" title="Viva Engage">Viva Engage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">Word</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_shared_tools#Discontinued" title="Microsoft Office shared tools">Discontinued shared tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_Accounting" title="Microsoft Office Accounting">Accounting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Classroom" title="Microsoft Classroom">Classroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docs.com" title="Docs.com">Docs.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Entourage" title="Microsoft Entourage">Entourage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_FrontPage" title="Microsoft FrontPage">FrontPage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_InfoPath" title="Microsoft InfoPath">InfoPath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_InterConnect" title="Microsoft InterConnect">InterConnect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Kaizala" title="Microsoft Kaizala">Kaizala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Liquid_Motion" title="Microsoft Liquid Motion">Liquid Motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_Live_Meeting" title="Microsoft Office Live Meeting">Live Meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Lync" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Lync">Lync</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Mail" title="Microsoft Mail">Mail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_Assistant" title="Office Assistant">Office Assistant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_Live" title="Microsoft Office Live">Office Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OneDrive_Groups" title="OneDrive Groups">OneDrive Groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_PerformancePoint_Server" title="Microsoft Office PerformancePoint Server">PerformancePoint Server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Photo_Editor" title="Microsoft Photo Editor">Photo Editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_PhotoDraw" title="Microsoft PhotoDraw">PhotoDraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_Picture_Manager" title="Microsoft Office Picture Manager">Picture Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_Project_Portfolio_Server" title="Microsoft Office Project Portfolio Server">Project Portfolio Server</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ribbon_Hero" title="Ribbon Hero">Ribbon Hero</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Schedule%2B" title="Microsoft Schedule+">Schedule+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_SharePoint_Designer" title="Microsoft SharePoint Designer">SharePoint Designer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_SharePoint_Workspace" title="Microsoft SharePoint Workspace">SharePoint Workspace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skype_for_Business" title="Skype for Business">Skype for Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNP_file_format" title="SNP file format">Snapshot Viewer for Access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Vizact" title="Microsoft Vizact">Vizact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word_Viewer" title="Microsoft Word Viewer">Word Viewer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Information_Bridge_Framework" title="Information Bridge Framework">Information Bridge Framework</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_Linking_and_Embedding" title="Object Linking and Embedding">Object Linking and Embedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_Open_XML" title="Office Open XML">Office Open XML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_XML_formats" title="Microsoft Office XML formats">Office XML formats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Pivot" title="Power Pivot">Power Pivot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_tag_(Microsoft)" title="Smart tag (Microsoft)">Smart tags</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Visual Basic for Applications</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Copilot" title="Microsoft Copilot">Microsoft Copilot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Microsoft_Office_filename_extensions" title="List of Microsoft Office filename extensions">Microsoft Office filename extensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_password_protection" title="Microsoft Office password protection">Microsoft Office password protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Power_Platform" title="Microsoft Power Platform">Microsoft Power Platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Product_Activation" title="Microsoft Product Activation">Microsoft Product Activation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_Genuine_Advantage" title="Office Genuine Advantage">Office Genuine Advantage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Microsoft_Office" title="Category:Microsoft Office">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Microsoft_development_tools271" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Microsoft_development_tools" title="Template:Microsoft development tools"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Microsoft_development_tools" title="Template talk:Microsoft development tools"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Microsoft_development_tools" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Microsoft development tools"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Microsoft_development_tools271" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Microsoft development tools</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Development<br />environments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_Studio" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Visual Studio">Visual Studio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio_Code" title="Visual Studio Code">Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_Studio_Express" title="Microsoft Visual Studio Express">Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VSTS_Profiler" title="VSTS Profiler">Team System Profiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio_Tools_for_Applications" title="Visual Studio Tools for Applications">Tools for Applications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio_Tools_for_Office" title="Visual Studio Tools for Office">Tools for Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Blend" title="Microsoft Blend">Blend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Expression_Web" title="Microsoft Expression Web">Expression Web</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FxCop" title="FxCop">FxCop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GW-BASIC" title="GW-BASIC">GW-BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_MACRO-80" title="Microsoft MACRO-80">MACRO-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Macro_Assembler" title="Microsoft Macro Assembler">Macro Assembler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSBuild" title="MSBuild">MSBuild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Pascal" title="Microsoft Pascal">Pascal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickBASIC" title="QuickBASIC">QuickBASIC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/QBasic" title="QBasic">QBasic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickC" title="QuickC">QuickC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Robotics_Developer_Studio" title="Microsoft Robotics Developer Studio">Robotics Developer Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roslyn_(compiler)" title="Roslyn (compiler)">Roslyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_SharePoint_Designer" title="Microsoft SharePoint Designer">SharePoint Designer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_FrontPage" title="Microsoft FrontPage">FrontPage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Small_Basic" title="Microsoft Small Basic">Small Basic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_WebMatrix" title="Microsoft WebMatrix">WebMatrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_App_SDK" title="Windows App SDK">Windows App SDK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_App_Studio" title="Windows App Studio">Windows App Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows_SDK" title="Microsoft Windows SDK">Windows SDK</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CLR_Profiler" title="CLR Profiler">CLR Profiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ILAsm" title="ILAsm">ILAsm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_Image_Generator" title="Native Image Generator">Native Image Generator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinDiff" title="WinDiff">WinDiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XAMLPad" class="mw-redirect" title="XAMLPad">XAMLPad</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Dynamics_AX" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Dynamics AX">Dynamics AX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_BASIC" title="Microsoft BASIC">BASIC</a></li> <li>Visual Basic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_(classic)" title="Visual Basic (classic)">legacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Basic .NET">VB.NET</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">VBA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VBScript" title="VBScript">VBScript</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosque_(programming_language)" title="Bosque (programming language)">Bosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_C%2B%2B" title="Microsoft Visual C++">Visual C++</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B/CX" title="C++/CX">C++/CX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B/CLI" title="C++/CLI">C++/CLI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Managed_Extensions_for_C%2B%2B" title="Managed Extensions for C++">Managed C++</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B/WinRT" title="C++/WinRT">C++/WinRT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C#</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/AL" title="C/AL">C/AL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dafny" title="Dafny">Dafny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexterity_(programming_language)" title="Dexterity (programming language)">Dexterity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="F Sharp (programming language)">F#</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F*_(programming_language)" title="F* (programming language)">F*</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_FoxPro" title="Visual FoxPro">Visual FoxPro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visual_J%2B%2B" title="Visual J++">J++</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_J_Sharp" title="Visual J Sharp">J#</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TypeScript" title="TypeScript">TypeScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JScript" title="JScript">JScript</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IronPython" title="IronPython">IronPython</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IronRuby" title="IronRuby">IronRuby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lean_(proof_assistant)" title="Lean (proof assistant)">Lean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P_(programming_language)" title="P (programming language)">P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Power_Fx" title="Microsoft Power Fx">Power Fx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerShell" title="PowerShell">PowerShell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Verona" title="Project Verona">Project Verona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q_Sharp" title="Q Sharp">Q#</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Small_Basic" title="Microsoft Small Basic">Small Basic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_Programming_Language" title="Microsoft Visual Programming Language">VPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_Application_Markup_Language" title="Extensible Application Markup Language">XAML</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">APIs and<br />frameworks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Native</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_API" title="Windows API">Windows API</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Silverlight" title="Microsoft Silverlight">Silverlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_XNA" title="Microsoft XNA">XNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DirectX" title="DirectX">DirectX</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Managed_DirectX" title="Managed DirectX">Managed DirectX</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Windows_Platform" title="Universal Windows Platform">UWP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xbox_Development_Kit" title="Xbox Development Kit">Xbox Development Kit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Installer" title="Windows Installer">Windows Installer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinUI" class="mw-redirect" title="WinUI">WinUI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/.NET" title=".NET">.NET</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASP.NET" title="ASP.NET">ASP.NET</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASP.NET_Core" title="ASP.NET Core">Core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASP.NET_AJAX" title="ASP.NET AJAX">AJAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASP.NET_Dynamic_Data" title="ASP.NET Dynamic Data">Dynamic Data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASP.NET_MVC" title="ASP.NET MVC">MVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASP.NET_Razor" title="ASP.NET Razor">Razor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASP.NET_Web_Forms" title="ASP.NET Web Forms">Web Forms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADO.NET" title="ADO.NET">ADO.NET</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Entity_Framework" title="Entity Framework">Entity Framework</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.NET_MAUI" class="mw-redirect" title=".NET MAUI">MAUI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_CardSpace" title="Windows CardSpace">CardSpace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Communication_Foundation" title="Windows Communication Foundation">Communication Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Identity_Foundation" title="Windows Identity Foundation">Identity Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_Integrated_Query" title="Language Integrated Query">LINQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Presentation_Foundation" title="Windows Presentation Foundation">Presentation Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Workflow_Foundation" title="Windows Workflow Foundation">Workflow Foundation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Device_driver" title="Device driver">Device drivers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Driver_Kit" title="Windows Driver Kit">WDK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Driver_Frameworks" title="Windows Driver Frameworks">WDF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kernel-Mode_Driver_Framework" title="Kernel-Mode Driver Framework">KMDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User-Mode_Driver_Framework" title="User-Mode Driver Framework">UMDF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Hardware_Lab_Kit" title="Windows Hardware Lab Kit">Windows HLK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Driver_Model" title="Windows Driver Model">WDM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Database</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_SQL_Server" title="Microsoft SQL Server">SQL Server</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SQL_Server_Express" title="SQL Server Express">Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQL_Server_Compact" title="SQL Server Compact">Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQL_Server_Management_Studio" title="SQL Server Management Studio">Management Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_Intelligence_Development_Studio" title="Business Intelligence Development Studio">Business Intelligence Development Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSDE" title="MSDE">MSDE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">SQL services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Analysis_Services" title="Microsoft Analysis Services">Analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQL_Server_Reporting_Services" title="SQL Server Reporting Services">Reporting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQL_Server_Integration_Services" title="SQL Server Integration Services">Integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQL_Server_Notification_Services" title="SQL Server Notification Services">Notification</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visual_FoxPro" title="Visual FoxPro">Visual FoxPro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access">Microsoft Access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Access_Database_Engine" title="Access Database Engine">Access Database Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_Storage_Engine" title="Extensible Storage Engine">Extensible Storage Engine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Source control</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_SourceSafe" title="Microsoft Visual SourceSafe">Visual SourceSafe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azure_DevOps_Server#TFVC" title="Azure DevOps Server">Team Foundation Version Control</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Testing and<br />debugging</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CodeView" title="CodeView">CodeView</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OneFuzz" title="OneFuzz">OneFuzz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playwright_(software)" title="Playwright (software)">Playwright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Script_Debugger" title="Microsoft Script Debugger">Script Debugger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinDbg" title="WinDbg">WinDbg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XUnit.net" title="XUnit.net">xUnit.net</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Delivery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_Setup" title="Active Setup">Active Setup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ClickOnce" title="ClickOnce">ClickOnce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Npm_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Npm (software)">npm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NuGet" title="NuGet">NuGet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vcpkg" title="Vcpkg">vcpkg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Platform_Installer" title="Web Platform Installer">Web Platform Installer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Installer" title="Windows Installer">Windows Installer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WiX" title="WiX">WiX</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Package_Manager" title="Windows Package Manager">Windows Package Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Store" title="Microsoft Store">Microsoft Store</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Microsoft_development_tools" title="Category:Microsoft development tools">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dialects_of_the_BASIC_programming_language_(list)202" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BASIC" title="Template:BASIC"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BASIC" title="Template talk:BASIC"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BASIC" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BASIC"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dialects_of_the_BASIC_programming_language_(list)202" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Dialects of the <a href="/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC">BASIC</a> programming language (<a href="/wiki/List_of_BASIC_dialects" title="List of BASIC dialects">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_BASIC" title="Microsoft BASIC">Microsoft BASIC</a></li> <li>TRS-80 BASICs (<a href="/wiki/Level_I_BASIC" title="Level I BASIC">Level I</a>, <a href="/wiki/TRS-80_Level_II_BASIC" class="mw-redirect" title="TRS-80 Level II BASIC">Level II/III</a>)</li> <li>Thomson <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Basic_1.0" title="Microsoft Basic 1.0">BASIC 1.0</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Texas_Instruments" title="Texas Instruments">Texas Instruments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TI-BASIC" title="TI-BASIC">TI-BASIC (calculators)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TI_Extended_BASIC" class="mw-redirect" title="TI Extended BASIC">TI Extended BASIC</a> (aka XBasic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TI-BASIC_83" title="TI-BASIC 83">TI-BASIC 83</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HP_Time-Shared_BASIC" title="HP Time-Shared BASIC">HP Time-Shared BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_BASIC" title="Rocky Mountain BASIC">Rocky Mountain BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HP_Time-Shared_BASIC" title="HP Time-Shared BASIC">HP Basic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Locomotive_Software" title="Locomotive Software">Locomotive Software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Locomotive_BASIC" title="Locomotive BASIC">Locomotive BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallard_BASIC" title="Mallard BASIC">Mallard BASIC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microcomputer" title="Microcomputer">Microcomputers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atom_BASIC" class="mw-redirect" title="Atom BASIC">Atom BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integer_BASIC" title="Integer BASIC">Integer BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Star_BASIC" title="North Star BASIC">North Star BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCELBAL" title="SCELBAL">SCELBAL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minicomputer" title="Minicomputer">Minicomputers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BASIC-11" title="BASIC-11">BASIC-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_Basic" title="Business Basic">Business Basic</a> (<a href="/wiki/B32_Business_Basic" title="B32 Business Basic">B32</a>, <a href="/wiki/Data_General_Business_Basic" title="Data General Business Basic">Data General</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_General_Extended_BASIC" title="Data General Extended BASIC">Data General Extended BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton_BASIC_System" title="Southampton BASIC System">Southampton BASIC System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_BASIC" title="Wang BASIC">Wang BASIC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Time-sharing" title="Time-sharing">Time-sharing</a> computers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BASIC-PLUS" title="BASIC-PLUS">BASIC-PLUS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extra!_Basic_Macro_Language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extra! Basic Macro Language (page does not exist)">Extra! Basic Macro Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VSI_BASIC_for_OpenVMS" title="VSI BASIC for OpenVMS">VSI BASIC for OpenVMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUPER_BASIC" title="SUPER BASIC">SUPER BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CALL/360:BASIC" title="CALL/360:BASIC">CALL/360:BASIC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AlphaBasic" title="AlphaBasic">AlphaBasic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astro_BASIC" class="mw-redirect" title="Astro BASIC">Astro BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BASICODE" title="BASICODE">BASICODE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_application_language" title="Business application language">BAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casio_BASIC" title="Casio BASIC">Casio BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBASIC" title="CBASIC">CBASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PBASIC" title="PBASIC">PBASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDS_BASIC" title="SDS BASIC">SDS BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiny_BASIC" title="Tiny BASIC">Tiny BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UBASIC" title="UBASIC">UBASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZBasic" title="ZBasic">ZBasic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETBASIC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETBASIC (page does not exist)">ETBASIC</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ETBASIC" class="extiw" title="zh:ETBASIC">zh</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BASIC_extension" title="BASIC extension">Extenders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BASIC_8" title="BASIC 8">BASIC 8</a></li> <li>Graphics BASIC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simons%27_BASIC" title="Simons' BASIC">Simons' BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Expander" title="Super Expander">Super Expander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Expander_64" title="Super Expander 64">Super Expander 64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YS_MegaBasic" title="YS MegaBasic">YS MegaBasic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Procedural_programming" title="Procedural programming">Procedure</a>-<br />oriented</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AmigaBASIC" class="mw-redirect" title="AmigaBASIC">AmigaBASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMOS_(programming_language)" title="AMOS (programming language)">AMOS BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASIC_programming_language" title="ASIC programming language">ASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BasicX" title="BasicX">BasicX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_BASIC" title="Beta BASIC">Beta BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FutureBASIC" title="FutureBASIC">FutureBASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRASS_(programming_language)" title="GRASS (programming language)">GRASS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_BASIC" title="Liberty BASIC">Liberty BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LSE_(programming_language)" title="LSE (programming language)">LSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MapBasic" title="MapBasic">MapBasic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_BASIC" title="Mobile BASIC">Mobile BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OWBasic" title="OWBasic">OWBasic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBASIC" title="PowerBASIC">PowerBASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PureBasic" title="PureBasic">PureBasic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petit_Computer" title="Petit Computer">SmileBASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger-BASIC" title="Tiger-BASIC">Tiger-BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_BASIC" title="True BASIC">True BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbo_Basic" class="mw-redirect" title="Turbo Basic">Turbo Basic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WordBASIC" title="WordBASIC">WordBASIC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free_and_open_source" class="mw-redirect" title="Free and open source">Free and<br />open source</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basic-256" title="Basic-256">Basic-256</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic4GL" title="Basic4GL">Basic4GL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_BASIC#Acorn_Archimedes_(RISC_OS)" title="BBC BASIC">BBC BASIC V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Game_Creators" title="The Game Creators">DarkBASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphoria_(programming_language)" title="Euphoria (programming language)">Euphoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindawi_Programming_System" title="Hindawi Programming System">Indic BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Programming_Language" title="Open Programming Language">Open Programming Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SdlBasic" title="SdlBasic">SdlBasic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SmallBASIC" title="SmallBASIC">SmallBASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QB64" title="QB64">QB64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WxBasic" title="WxBasic">wxBasic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XBasic" title="XBasic">XBasic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XBLite" title="XBLite">Xblite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yabasic" title="Yabasic">Yabasic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">With <a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">object</a><br />extensions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AutoIt" title="AutoIt">AutoIt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipmunk_Basic" title="Chipmunk Basic">Chipmunk Basic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLBasic" title="GLBasic">GLBasic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LotusScript" title="LotusScript">LotusScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morfik" title="Morfik">Morfik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBASIC" title="PowerBASIC">PowerBASIC</a></li> <li>ProvideX</li> <li>Run BASIC</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">VBA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VBScript" title="VBScript">VBScript</a></li> <li>VB 5 for <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Excel" title="Microsoft Excel">Microsoft Excel</a> 5.0 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio_Tools_for_Office" title="Visual Studio Tools for Office">VSTO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio_Tools_for_Applications" title="Visual Studio Tools for Applications">VSTA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embedded_Visual_Basic" title="Embedded Visual Basic">Embedded Visual Basic</a></li> <li>WinWrap Basic</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free_and_open_source" class="mw-redirect" title="Free and open source">Free and<br />open source</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blitz_BASIC" title="Blitz BASIC">BlitzMax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeBASIC" title="FreeBASIC">FreeBASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Small_Basic" title="Microsoft Small Basic">Microsoft Small Basic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mono_(software)" title="Mono (software)">Mono-Basic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenOffice_Basic" title="OpenOffice Basic">OpenOffice Basic</a></li> <li>ScriptBasic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roslyn_(compiler)" title="Roslyn (compiler)">Roslyn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rapid_application_development" title="Rapid application development">RAD</a><br /><a href="/wiki/GUI_designer" class="mw-redirect" title="GUI designer">designers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CA-Realizer" title="CA-Realizer">CA-Realizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_(classic)" title="Visual Basic (classic)">Visual Basic (classic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NS_Basic" title="NS Basic">NS Basic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RapidQ" title="RapidQ">RapidQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_(.NET)" title="Visual Basic (.NET)">Visual Basic .NET</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mercury_(RemObjects_BASIC_programming_language)" title="Mercury (RemObjects BASIC programming language)">Mercury</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xojo" title="Xojo">Xojo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free_and_open_source" class="mw-redirect" title="Free and open source">Free and<br />open source</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>B4X (<a href="/wiki/Basic4android" title="Basic4android">Basic4android</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basic4ppc" title="Basic4ppc">Basic4ppc</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambas" title="Gambas">Gambas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeBASIC" title="FreeBASIC">WinFBE, Visual FB Editor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altair_BASIC" title="Altair BASIC">Altair BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applesoft_BASIC" title="Applesoft BASIC">Applesoft BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Business_BASIC" title="Apple Business BASIC">Apple Business BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_BASIC" title="Atari BASIC">Atari BASIC</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/Dartmouth_BASIC" title="Dartmouth BASIC">Dartmouth BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disk_Extended_Color_BASIC" title="Disk Extended Color BASIC">Disk Extended Color BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Color_BASIC" title="Extended Color BASIC">Extended Color BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_BASIC" title="Family BASIC">Family BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GFA_BASIC" title="GFA BASIC">GFA BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GW-BASIC" title="GW-BASIC">GW-BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_BASIC" title="IBM BASIC">IBM BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JR-BASIC" title="JR-BASIC">JR-BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacBASIC" title="MacBASIC">MacBASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBASIC" title="MBASIC">MBASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSX_BASIC" title="MSX BASIC">MSX BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MS_BASIC_for_Macintosh" title="MS BASIC for Macintosh">MS BASIC for Macintosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QBasic" title="QBasic">QBasic</a></li> <li><a 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