CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>C Sharp (programming language) - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"875d3f4e-61b9-46e3-ab6e-ef4d83f620d4","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"C_Sharp_(programming_language)","wgTitle":"C Sharp (programming language)","wgCurRevisionId":1258636029,"wgRevisionId":1258636029,"wgArticleId":2356196,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 errors: missing title","CS1 errors: bare URL","Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list","CS1: long volume value","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Restricted titles (non-leading number sign)","Use mdy dates from April 2020","Articles containing potentially dated statements from November 2024","All articles containing potentially dated statements", "All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from March 2022","Articles with example C++ code","Articles with example C Sharp code","C Sharp programming language family","2000 software","American inventions","Programming languages","High-level programming languages",".NET programming languages","Class-based programming languages","Ecma standards","Functional languages","IEC standards","ISO standards","Microsoft programming languages","Multi-paradigm programming languages","Programming languages created in 2000","Programming languages with an ISO standard","Statically typed programming languages","Compiled programming languages"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"C_Sharp_(programming_language)","wgRelevantArticleId":2356196,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia", "wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q2370","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false, "wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.pygments":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.pygments.view","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.pygments%2CwikimediaBadges%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/C_Sharp_Logo_2023.svg/1200px-C_Sharp_Logo_2023.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/C_Sharp_Logo_2023.svg/800px-C_Sharp_Logo_2023.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/C_Sharp_Logo_2023.svg/640px-C_Sharp_Logo_2023.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="640"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="C Sharp (programming language) - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-C_Sharp_programming_language rootpage-C_Sharp_programming_language skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=C+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=C+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=C+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=C+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Design_goals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design_goals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Design goals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design_goals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Name </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Versions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Versions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Versions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Versions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syntax" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syntax"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Syntax </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syntax-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distinguishing_features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distinguishing_features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Distinguishing features </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Distinguishing_features-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Distinguishing features subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Distinguishing_features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Portability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Portability </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Typing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Typing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Typing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Typing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metaprogramming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metaprogramming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Metaprogramming </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metaprogramming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Methods_and_functions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Methods_and_functions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Methods and functions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Methods_and_functions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Property" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Property"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Property </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Property-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Namespace" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Namespace"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Namespace </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Namespace-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Memory_access" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Memory_access"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 Memory access </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Memory_access-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exceptions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exceptions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.8 Exceptions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exceptions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polymorphism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polymorphism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.9 Polymorphism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polymorphism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language_Integrated_Query_(LINQ)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language_Integrated_Query_(LINQ)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.10 Language Integrated Query (LINQ) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language_Integrated_Query_(LINQ)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Functional_programming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Functional_programming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.11 Functional programming </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Functional_programming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Common_type_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Common_type_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Common type system </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Common_type_system-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Common type system subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Common_type_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Categories_of_data_types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Categories_of_data_types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Categories of data types </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Categories_of_data_types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boxing_and_unboxing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boxing_and_unboxing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Boxing and unboxing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boxing_and_unboxing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libraries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libraries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Libraries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libraries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Examples </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Examples-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Examples subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hello_World" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hello_World"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Hello World </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hello_World-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Generics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Generics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Generics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Generics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Standardization_and_licensing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standardization_and_licensing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Standardization and licensing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standardization_and_licensing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Implementations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Implementations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Implementations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Implementations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">C Sharp (programming language)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 81 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-81" aria-hidden="true" > 81 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8" title="سي شارب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سي شارب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="C Sharp" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA" title="সি শার্প – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সি শার্প" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="C Sharp" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="C Sharp" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="C Sharp" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="C Sharp" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E2%99%AF" title="C♯ – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="C♯" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="C Sharp" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="C Sharp" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="C Sharp" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-Sharp" title="C-Sharp – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="C-Sharp" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="C Sharp" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="C Sharp" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="C Sharp" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_dieso_(programlingvo)" title="C dieso (programlingvo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="C dieso (programlingvo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="C Sharp" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%BE" title="سی شارپ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سی شارپ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="C Sharp" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="C Sharp" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AA_(%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%97_%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%BE)" title="C શાર્પ (પ્રોગ્રામિંગ ભાષા) – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="C શાર્પ (પ્રોગ્રામિંગ ભાષા)" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="C Sharp" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_%EC%83%A4%ED%94%84" title="C 샤프 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="C 샤프" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language" title="C Sharp (programming language – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="C Sharp (programming language" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="C Sharp" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA" title="सी शार्प – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सी शार्प" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E2%99%AF" title="C♯ – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="C♯" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp_(programifo-linguo)" title="C Sharp (programifo-linguo) – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="C Sharp (programifo-linguo)" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp_(bahasa_pemrograman)" title="C Sharp (bahasa pemrograman) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="C Sharp (bahasa pemrograman)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="C Sharp" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_sharp" title="C sharp – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="C sharp" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A4" title="סי שארפ – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סי שארפ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="C Sharp" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="C Sharp" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_sharp" title="C sharp – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="C sharp" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="C Sharp" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_sharp" title="C sharp – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="C sharp" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_sharp" title="C sharp – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="C sharp" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="C Sharp" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="C Sharp" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" title="സി ഷാർപ്പ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സി ഷാർപ്പ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%89_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8" title="سى شارب – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سى شارب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="C Sharp" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="C Sharp" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_sharp_(programming_language)" title="C sharp (programming language) – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="C sharp (programming language)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="C Sharp" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA" title="सी शार्प – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सी शार्प" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="C Sharp" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="C Sharp" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="C Sharp" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="C Sharp" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%BE" title="سی شارپ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سی شارپ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%80" title="ស៊ីទ្រុងជ្រូក – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ស៊ីទ្រុងជ្រូក" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_sharp" title="C sharp – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="C sharp" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="C Sharp" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="C Sharp" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_sharp" title="C sharp – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="C sharp" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="C Sharp" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="C Sharp" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_Programuese_C_Sharp" title="Gjuha Programuese C Sharp – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha Programuese C Sharp" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="C Sharp (programming language)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="C Sharp" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programski_jezik_C_sharp" title="Programski jezik C sharp – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Programski jezik C sharp" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%BE" title="سی شارپ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سی شارپ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="C Sharp" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="C Sharp" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_sharp" title="C sharp – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="C sharp" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-sharp" title="C-sharp – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="C-sharp" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF)" title="சி சாப் (நிரலாக்க மொழி) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சி சாப் (நிரலாக்க மொழி)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="C Sharp" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9B" title="ภาษาซีชาร์ป – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาซีชาร์ป" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="C Sharp" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E2%99%AF" title="C♯ – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="C♯" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="C Sharp" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%BE_(%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="سی شارپ (پروگرامنگ زبان) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سی شارپ (پروگرامنگ زبان)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp_(ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_l%E1%BA%ADp_tr%C3%ACnh)" title="C Sharp (ngôn ngữ lập trình) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="C Sharp (ngôn ngữ lập trình)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp_(linggwahe_hin_pagprogama)" title="C Sharp (linggwahe hin pagprogama) – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="C Sharp (linggwahe hin pagprogama)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="C Sharp" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="C Sharp" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E2%99%AF" title="C♯ – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="C♯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E2%99%AF" title="C♯ – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="C♯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2370#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:C_Sharp_(programming_language)" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&oldid=1258636029" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=C_Sharp_%28programming_language%29&id=1258636029&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FC_Sharp_%28programming_language%29">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FC_Sharp_%28programming_language%29">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=C_Sharp_%28programming_language%29&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:C_Sharp" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibooks mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/C_Sharp_Programming" hreflang="en">Wikibooks</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiversity mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/C_Sharp" hreflang="en">Wikiversity</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2370" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Programming language</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable plainlinks selfreference noprint">The correct title of this article is C#. The substitution of the <a href="/wiki/Number_sign" title="Number sign">#</a> is due to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(technical_restrictions)#Clashes_with_wiki_markup/HTML_syntax" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (technical restrictions)">technical restrictions</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">C#</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:C_Sharp_Logo_2023.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/C_Sharp_Logo_2023.svg/130px-C_Sharp_Logo_2023.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/C_Sharp_Logo_2023.svg/195px-C_Sharp_Logo_2023.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/C_Sharp_Logo_2023.svg/260px-C_Sharp_Logo_2023.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="205" data-file-height="205" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Programming_paradigm" title="Programming paradigm">Paradigm</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Multi-paradigm_programming_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-paradigm programming language">Multi-paradigm</a>: <a href="/wiki/Structured_programming" title="Structured programming">structured</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imperative_programming" title="Imperative programming">imperative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">object-oriented</a>, <a href="/wiki/Event-driven_programming" title="Event-driven programming">event-driven</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Task-based_Asynchronous_Pattern" class="mw-redirect" title="The Task-based Asynchronous Pattern">task-driven</a>, <a href="/wiki/Functional_programming" title="Functional programming">functional</a>, <a href="/wiki/Generic_programming" title="Generic programming">generic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reflective_programming" title="Reflective programming">reflective</a>, <a href="/wiki/Concurrent_computing" title="Concurrent computing">concurrent</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Family</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Software_design" title="Software design">Designed by</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anders_Hejlsberg" title="Anders Hejlsberg">Anders Hejlsberg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Software_developer" class="mw-redirect" title="Software developer">Developer</a></th><td class="infobox-data organiser">Mads Torgersen (<a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First appeared</th><td class="infobox-data">2000; 24 years ago (2000)<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">13<a href="#cite_note-wikidata-02abe9e72fa2f2c027d82c837fab0768db3a1512-v18-2">[2]</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370?uselang=en#P348" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> / 12 November 2024; 13 days ago (12 November 2024)</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Type_system" title="Type system">Typing discipline</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Static_typing" class="mw-redirect" title="Static typing">Static</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_typing" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynamic typing">dynamic</a>,<a href="#cite_note-dynamic-3">[3]</a> <a href="/wiki/Strong_and_weak_typing" title="Strong and weak typing">strong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Type_system#Safely_and_unsafely_typed_systems" title="Type system">safe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nominative_type_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Nominative type system">nominative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Type_inference" title="Type inference">partly inferred</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Memory_management" title="Memory management">Memory management</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Garbage_collection_(computer_science)" title="Garbage collection (computer science)">automatic memory management</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Common Language Infrastructure">Common Language Infrastructure</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roslyn_(compiler)" title="Roslyn (compiler)">Roslyn</a> compiler: <a href="/wiki/MIT_License" title="MIT License">MIT/X11</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-4">[4]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.NET_Core" class="mw-redirect" title=".NET Core">.NET Core CLR</a>: <a href="/wiki/MIT_License" title="MIT License">MIT/X11</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mono_(software)" title="Mono (software)">Mono</a> compiler: dual <a href="/wiki/GPLv3" class="mw-redirect" title="GPLv3">GPLv3</a> and MIT/X11</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DotGNU" title="DotGNU">DotGNU</a>: dual <a href="/wiki/GPL" class="mw-redirect" title="GPL">GPL</a> and <a href="/wiki/LGPL" class="mw-redirect" title="LGPL">LGPL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Filename_extension" title="Filename extension">Filename extensions</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>.cs</code>, <code>.csx</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/">learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Major <a href="/wiki/Programming_language_implementation" title="Programming language implementation">implementations</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_C_Sharp" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Visual C Sharp">Visual C#</a>, <a href="/wiki/.NET" title=".NET">.NET</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mono_(software)" title="Mono (software)">Mono</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universal_Windows_Platform" title="Universal Windows Platform">Universal Windows Platform</a> Discontinued: <a href="/wiki/.NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET Framework</a>, <a href="/wiki/DotGNU" title="DotGNU">DotGNU</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Programming_language#Dialects,_flavors_and_implementations" title="Programming language">Dialects</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/C%CF%89" class="mw-redirect" title="Cω">Cω</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polyphonic_C_Sharp" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyphonic C Sharp">Polyphonic C#</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ecsharp.net">Enhanced C#</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Influenced by</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>,<a href="#cite_note-influenced_by_CPP-6">[6]</a> <a href="/wiki/C%CF%89" class="mw-redirect" title="Cω">Cω</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eiffel_(programming_language)" title="Eiffel (programming language)">Eiffel</a>, <a href="/wiki/F_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="F Sharp (programming language)">F#</a>,<a href="#cite_note-7">[a]</a> <a href="/wiki/Haskell" title="Haskell">Haskell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scala_(programming_language)" title="Scala (programming language)">Scala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Icon_(programming_language)" title="Icon (programming language)">Icon</a>, <a href="/wiki/J_Sharp" class="mw-redirect" title="J Sharp">J#</a>, <a href="/wiki/Visual_J%2B%2B" title="Visual J++">J++</a>, <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a>,<a href="#cite_note-influenced_by_CPP-6">[6]</a> <a href="/wiki/ML_(programming_language)" title="ML (programming language)">ML</a>, <a href="/wiki/Modula-3" title="Modula-3">Modula-3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Object_Pascal" title="Object Pascal">Object Pascal</a>,<a href="#cite_note-influenced_by_op-8">[7]</a> <a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic">VB</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Influenced</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Chapel_(programming_language)" title="Chapel (programming language)">Chapel</a>,<a href="#cite_note-chplspec-9">[8]</a> <a href="/wiki/Clojure" title="Clojure">Clojure</a>,<a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a> <a href="/wiki/Crystal_(programming_language)" title="Crystal (programming language)">Crystal</a>,<a href="#cite_note-rel_0.18.0-11">[10]</a> <a href="/wiki/D_(programming_language)" title="D (programming language)">D</a>, <a href="/wiki/J_Sharp" class="mw-redirect" title="J Sharp">J#</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dart_(programming_language)" title="Dart (programming language)">Dart</a>,<a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a> <a href="/wiki/F_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="F Sharp (programming language)">F#</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hack_(programming_language)" title="Hack (programming language)">Hack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a>,<a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-influenced-14">[13]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kotlin_(programming_language)" title="Kotlin (programming language)">Kotlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nemerle" title="Nemerle">Nemerle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxygene_(programming_language)" title="Oxygene (programming language)">Oxygene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rust_(programming_language)" title="Rust (programming language)">Rust</a>,<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> <a href="/wiki/Swift_(programming_language)" title="Swift (programming language)">Swift</a>,<a href="#cite_note-lattner2014-16">[15]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vala_(programming_language)" title="Vala (programming language)">Vala</a>, <a href="/wiki/TypeScript" title="TypeScript">TypeScript</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below hlist" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa; padding-top: 3px;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/C_Sharp_Programming" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:C Sharp Programming">C Sharp Programming</a> at Wikibooks</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> C# (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˌsiː ˈʃɑːrp/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">see SHARP</a>)<a href="#cite_note-17">[b]</a> is a <a href="/wiki/General-purpose_programming_language" title="General-purpose programming language">general-purpose</a> <a href="/wiki/High-level_programming_language" title="High-level programming language">high-level</a> <a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">programming language</a> supporting multiple <a href="/wiki/Programming_paradigm" title="Programming paradigm">paradigms</a>. C# encompasses static typing,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkeet2019-18">[16]</a>: 4  <a href="/wiki/Strong_and_weak_typing" title="Strong and weak typing">strong typing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lexically_scoped" class="mw-redirect" title="Lexically scoped">lexically scoped</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imperative_programming" title="Imperative programming">imperative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Declarative_programming" title="Declarative programming">declarative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Functional_programming" title="Functional programming">functional</a>, <a href="/wiki/Generic_programming" title="Generic programming">generic</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkeet2019-18">[16]</a>: 22  <a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">object-oriented</a> (<a href="/wiki/Class_(computer_programming)" title="Class (computer programming)">class</a>-based), and <a href="/wiki/Component-based_software_engineering" title="Component-based software engineering">component-oriented</a> programming disciplines.<a href="#cite_note-ECMA-334-19">[17]</a> The principal inventors of the C# programming language were <a href="/wiki/Anders_Hejlsberg" title="Anders Hejlsberg">Anders Hejlsberg</a>, Scott Wiltamuth, and Peter Golde from <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ECMA-334-19">[17]</a> It was first widely distributed in July 2000<a href="#cite_note-ECMA-334-19">[17]</a> and was later approved as an <a href="/wiki/International_standard" title="International standard">international standard</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">Ecma</a> (ECMA-334) in 2002 and <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>/<a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a> (ISO/IEC 23270 and 20619<a href="#cite_note-20">[c]</a>) in 2003. Microsoft introduced C# along with <a href="/wiki/.NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET Framework</a> and <a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio" title="Visual Studio">Visual Studio</a>, both of which were <a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">closed-source</a>. At the time, Microsoft had no open-source products. Four years later, in 2004, a <a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source" class="mw-redirect" title="Free and open-source">free and open-source</a> project called <a href="/wiki/Mono_(software)" title="Mono (software)">Mono</a> began, providing a <a href="/wiki/Cross-platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-platform">cross-platform</a> <a href="/wiki/Compiler" title="Compiler">compiler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Runtime_environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Runtime environment">runtime environment</a> for the C# programming language. A decade later, Microsoft released <a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio_Code" title="Visual Studio Code">Visual Studio Code</a> (code editor), <a href="/wiki/Roslyn_(compiler)" title="Roslyn (compiler)">Roslyn</a> (compiler), and <a href="/wiki/.NET" title=".NET">the unified .NET platform</a> (software framework), all of which support C# and are free, open-source, and cross-platform. Mono also joined Microsoft but was not merged into .NET. As of November 2024,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&action=edit">[update]</a> the most recent stable version of the language is C# 13.0, which was released in 2024 in .NET 9.0.<a href="#cite_note-21">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[19]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_goals">Design goals</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design goals">edit</a>]</div> The Ecma standard lists these design goals for C#:<a href="#cite_note-ECMA-334-19">[17]</a> <ul><li>The language is intended to be a simple, modern, general-purpose, <a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">object-oriented</a> programming language.</li> <li>The language, and implementations thereof, should provide support for software engineering principles such as <a href="/wiki/Strong_and_weak_typing" title="Strong and weak typing">strong type</a> checking, array <a href="/wiki/Bounds_checking" title="Bounds checking">bounds checking</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlbahari2022-23">[20]</a>: 58–59  detection of attempts to use <a href="/wiki/Uninitialized_variable" title="Uninitialized variable">uninitialized variables</a>, and automatic <a href="/wiki/Garbage_collection_(computer_science)" title="Garbage collection (computer science)">garbage collection</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlbahari2022-23">[20]</a>: 563  Software robustness, durability, and programmer productivity are important.</li> <li>The language is intended for use in developing <a href="/wiki/Software_components" class="mw-redirect" title="Software components">software components</a> suitable for <a href="/wiki/Deployment_environment" title="Deployment environment">deployment</a> in distributed environments.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_portability" title="Software portability">Portability</a> is very important for <a href="/wiki/Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a> and <a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">programmers</a>, especially those already familiar with <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a> and <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>.</li> <li>Support for <a href="/wiki/Internationalization_and_localization" title="Internationalization and localization">internationalization</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlbahari2022-23">[20]</a>: 314  is very important.</li> <li>C# is intended to be suitable for writing applications for both hosted and <a href="/wiki/Embedded_system" title="Embedded system">embedded systems</a>, ranging from the very large that use sophisticated <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating systems</a>, down to the very small having dedicated functions.</li> <li>Although C# applications are intended to be economical with regard to memory and <a href="/wiki/Processing_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Processing power">processing power</a> requirements, the language was not intended to compete directly on performance and size with C or assembly language.<a href="#cite_note-24">[21]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:C-Sharp_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/C-Sharp_Logo.svg/220px-C-Sharp_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/C-Sharp_Logo.svg/330px-C-Sharp_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/C-Sharp_Logo.svg/440px-C-Sharp_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="344" /></a><figcaption>C Sharp's former logo.</figcaption></figure> During the development of the <a href="/wiki/.NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET Framework</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Base_Class_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Base Class Library">class libraries</a> were originally written using a <a href="/wiki/Managed_code" title="Managed code">managed code</a> compiler system named Simple Managed C (SMC).<a href="#cite_note-25">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[23]</a> In January 1999, <a href="/wiki/Anders_Hejlsberg" title="Anders Hejlsberg">Anders Hejlsberg</a> formed a team to build a new language at the time called Cool, which stood for "<a href="/wiki/List_of_C-family_programming_languages" title="List of C-family programming languages">C-like</a> Object Oriented Language".<a href="#cite_note-computerworld2008-27">[24]</a> Microsoft had considered keeping the name "Cool" as the final name of the language, but chose not to do so for trademark reasons. By the time the .NET project was publicly announced at the July 2000 <a href="/wiki/Professional_Developers_Conference" title="Professional Developers Conference">Professional Developers Conference</a>, the language had been renamed C#, and the class libraries and <a href="/wiki/ASP.NET" title="ASP.NET">ASP.NET</a> runtime had been ported to C#. Hejlsberg is C#'s principal designer and lead architect at Microsoft, and was previously involved with the design of <a href="/wiki/Turbo_Pascal" title="Turbo Pascal">Turbo Pascal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Embarcadero_Technologies" title="Embarcadero Technologies">Embarcadero</a> <a href="/wiki/Delphi_(software)" title="Delphi (software)">Delphi</a> (formerly <a href="/wiki/CodeGear" title="CodeGear">CodeGear</a> Delphi, <a href="/wiki/Inprise" class="mw-redirect" title="Inprise">Inprise</a> Delphi and <a href="/wiki/Borland" title="Borland">Borland</a> Delphi), and <a href="/wiki/Visual_J%2B%2B" title="Visual J++">Visual J++</a>. In interviews and technical papers, he has stated that flaws<a href="#cite_note-28">[25]</a> in most major programming languages (e.g. <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>, <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delphi_(software)" title="Delphi (software)">Delphi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Smalltalk" title="Smalltalk">Smalltalk</a>) drove the fundamentals of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Language_Runtime" title="Common Language Runtime">Common Language Runtime</a> (CLR), which, in turn, drove the design of the C# language. <a href="/wiki/James_Gosling" title="James Gosling">James Gosling</a>, who created the <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a> programming language in 1994, and <a href="/wiki/Bill_Joy" title="Bill Joy">Bill Joy</a>, a co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a>, the originator of Java, called C# an "imitation" of Java; Gosling further said that "[C# is] sort of Java with reliability, productivity and security deleted."<a href="#cite_note-gosling-29">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[27]</a> In July 2000, Hejlsberg said that C# is "not a Java clone" and is "much closer to C++" in its design.<a href="#cite_note-JohnOsborn-31">[28]</a> Since the release of C# 2.0 in November 2005, the C# and Java languages have evolved on increasingly divergent trajectories, becoming two quite different languages. One of the first major departures came with the addition of <a href="/wiki/Generic_programming" title="Generic programming">generics</a> to both languages, with vastly different implementations. C# makes use of <a href="/wiki/Reification_(computer_science)" title="Reification (computer science)">reification</a> to provide "first-class" generic objects that can be used like any other class, with <a href="/wiki/Code_generation_(compiler)" title="Code generation (compiler)">code generation</a> performed at class-load time.<a href="#cite_note-32">[29]</a> Furthermore, C# has added several major features to accommodate functional-style programming, culminating in the <a href="/wiki/Language_Integrated_Query" title="Language Integrated Query">LINQ</a> extensions released with C# 3.0 and its supporting framework of <a href="/wiki/Anonymous_function" title="Anonymous function">lambda expressions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Extension_method" title="Extension method">extension methods</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anonymous_type" title="Anonymous type">anonymous types</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[30]</a> These features enable C# programmers to use functional programming techniques, such as <a href="/wiki/Closure_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Closure (computer science)">closures</a>, when it is advantageous to their application. The LINQ extensions and the functional imports help developers reduce the amount of <a href="/wiki/Boilerplate_code" title="Boilerplate code">boilerplate code</a> that is included in common tasks like querying a database, parsing an XML file, or searching through a data structure, shifting the emphasis onto the actual program logic to help improve readability and maintainability.<a href="#cite_note-34">[31]</a> C# used to have a <a href="/wiki/Mascot" title="Mascot">mascot</a> called Andy (named after <a href="/wiki/Anders_Hejlsberg" title="Anders Hejlsberg">Anders Hejlsberg</a>). It was retired on January 29, 2004.<a href="#cite_note-35">[32]</a> C# was originally submitted to the ISO/IEC JTC 1 subcommittee <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1/SC_22" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22">SC 22</a> for review,<a href="#cite_note-36">[33]</a> under ISO/IEC 23270:2003,<a href="#cite_note-37">[34]</a> was withdrawn and was then approved under ISO/IEC 23270:2006.<a href="#cite_note-38">[35]</a> The 23270:2006 is withdrawn under 23270:2018 and approved with this version.<a href="#cite_note-39">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Name">Name</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Name">edit</a>]</div> Microsoft first used the name C# in 1988 for a variant of the C language designed for incremental compilation.<a href="#cite_note-40">[37]</a> That project was not completed, and the name was later reused. <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Treblecsharp5.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Treblecsharp5.svg/100px-Treblecsharp5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Treblecsharp5.svg/150px-Treblecsharp5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Treblecsharp5.svg/200px-Treblecsharp5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="274" data-file-height="228" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/C%E2%99%AF_(musical_note)" title="C♯ (musical note)">C-sharp musical note</a></figcaption></figure> The name "C sharp" was inspired by the musical notation whereby a <a href="/wiki/Sharp_(music)" title="Sharp (music)">sharp symbol</a> indicates that the written note should be made a <a href="/wiki/Semitone" title="Semitone">semitone</a> higher in <a href="/wiki/Pitch_(music)" title="Pitch (music)">pitch</a>.<a href="#cite_note-41">[38]</a> This is similar to the language name of <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>, where "++" indicates that a variable should be incremented by 1 after being evaluated. The sharp symbol also resembles a <a href="/wiki/Typographic_ligature" class="mw-redirect" title="Typographic ligature">ligature</a> of four "+" symbols (in a two-by-two grid), further implying that the language is an increment of C++.<a href="#cite_note-42">[39]</a> Due to technical limits of display (standard fonts, browsers, etc.), and most <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_layout" title="Keyboard layout">keyboard layouts</a> lacking a sharp symbol (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style>U+266F ♯ <a href="/wiki/Sharp_(music)" title="Sharp (music)">MUSIC SHARP SIGN</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">&sharp;)), the <a href="/wiki/Number_sign" title="Number sign">number sign</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+0023 # NUMBER SIGN (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">&num;)) was chosen to approximate the sharp symbol in the written name of the programming language.<a href="#cite_note-MS_CSharp_FAQ-43">[40]</a> This convention is reflected in the ECMA-334 C# Language Specification.<a href="#cite_note-ECMA-334-19">[17]</a> The "sharp" suffix has been used by a number of other .NET languages that are variants of existing languages, including <a href="/wiki/J_Sharp" class="mw-redirect" title="J Sharp">J#</a> (a .NET language also designed by Microsoft that is derived from Java 1.1), <a href="/wiki/A_Sharp_(.NET)" title="A Sharp (.NET)">A#</a> (from <a href="/wiki/Ada_(programming_language)" title="Ada (programming language)">Ada</a>), and the <a href="/wiki/Functional_programming" title="Functional programming">functional programming</a> language <a href="/wiki/F_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="F Sharp (programming language)">F#</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MS_FSharp_FAQ-44">[41]</a> The original implementation of <a href="/wiki/EiffelStudio" title="EiffelStudio">Eiffel for .NET</a> was called Eiffel#,<a href="#cite_note-45">[42]</a> a name retired since the full <a href="/wiki/Eiffel_(programming_language)" title="Eiffel (programming language)">Eiffel</a> language is now supported. The suffix has also been used for <a href="/wiki/Library_(computing)" title="Library (computing)">libraries</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Gtk_Sharp" class="mw-redirect" title="Gtk Sharp">Gtk#</a> (a .NET <a href="/wiki/Wrapper_pattern" class="mw-redirect" title="Wrapper pattern">wrapper</a> for <a href="/wiki/GTK" title="GTK">GTK</a> and other <a href="/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME">GNOME</a> libraries) and <a href="/wiki/Cocoa_Sharp" class="mw-redirect" title="Cocoa Sharp">Cocoa#</a> (a wrapper for <a href="/wiki/Cocoa_(API)" title="Cocoa (API)">Cocoa</a>). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Versions">Versions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Versions">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">C# version </th> <th scope="colgroup" colspan="3">Language specification </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Date </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">.NET </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio" title="Visual Studio">Visual Studio</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">Ecma</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC">ISO/IEC</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">1.0 </td> <td rowspan="2">ECMA-334:2003, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/uploads/ECMA-334_2nd_edition_december_2002.pdf">December 2002</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">ISO/IEC 23270:2003, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://store.accuristech.com/ieee/standards/incits-iso-iec-23270-2003?product_id=1157805">April 2003</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://download.microsoft.com/download/a/9/e/a9e229b9-fee5-4c3e-8476-917dee385062/CSharp%20Language%20Specification%20v1.0.doc">January 2002</a> </td> <td>January 2002 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/.NET_Framework_version_history#.NET_Framework_1.0" title=".NET Framework version history">.NET Framework 1.0</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio_.NET" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Studio .NET">Visual Studio .NET 2002</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">1.1 1.2 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://download.microsoft.com/download/5/e/5/5e58be0a-b02b-41ac-a4a3-7a22286214ff/csharp%20language%20specification%20v1.2.doc">October 2003</a> </td> <td>April 2003 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/.NET_Framework_1.1" class="mw-redirect" title=".NET Framework 1.1">.NET Framework 1.1</a></li></ul></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio_.NET_2003" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Studio .NET 2003">Visual Studio .NET 2003</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_2.0" title="C Sharp 2.0">2.0</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[43]</a> </td> <td>ECMA-334:2006, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/uploads/ECMA-334_4th_edition_june_2006.pdf">June 2006</a> </td> <td>ISO/IEC 23270:2006, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/c042926_ISO_IEC_23270_2006(E).zip">September 2006</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://download.microsoft.com/download/9/8/f/98fdf0c7-2bbd-40d3-9fd1-5a4159fa8044/csharp%202.0%20specification_sept_2005.doc">September 2005</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[d]</a> </td> <td>November 2005 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/.NET_Framework_2.0" class="mw-redirect" title=".NET Framework 2.0">.NET Framework 2.0</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/.NET_Framework_3.0" class="mw-redirect" title=".NET Framework 3.0">.NET Framework 3.0</a></li></ul></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio_2005" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Studio 2005">Visual Studio 2005</a> <a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Studio 2008">Visual Studio 2008</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_3.0" title="C Sharp 3.0">3.0</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[44]</a> </td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">None </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://download.microsoft.com/download/3/8/8/388e7205-bc10-4226-b2a8-75351c669b09/CSharp%20Language%20Specification.doc">August 2007</a> </td> <td>November 2007 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>.NET Framework 2.0 (Except LINQ)<a href="#cite_note-danielmoth1-49">[45]</a></li><li>.NET Framework 3.0 (Except LINQ)<a href="#cite_note-danielmoth1-49">[45]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/.NET_Framework_3.5" class="mw-redirect" title=".NET Framework 3.5">.NET Framework 3.5</a></li></ul></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Studio 2008">Visual Studio 2008</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_4.0" title="C Sharp 4.0">4.0</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[46]</a> </td> <td>April 2010 </td> <td>April 2010 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/.NET_Framework_4.0" class="mw-redirect" title=".NET Framework 4.0">.NET Framework 4</a></li></ul></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Studio 2010">Visual Studio 2010</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">5.0<a href="#cite_note-51">[47]</a> </td> <td>ECMA-334:2017, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/uploads/ECMA-334_5th_edition_december_2017.pdf">December 2017</a> </td> <td>ISO/IEC 23270:2018, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/c075178_ISO_IEC_23270_2018.zip">December 2018</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=7029">June 2013</a> </td> <td>August 2012 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/.NET_Framework_4.5" class="mw-redirect" title=".NET Framework 4.5">.NET Framework 4.5</a></li></ul></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Studio 2012">Visual Studio 2012</a> <a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio_2013" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Studio 2013">Visual Studio 2013</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">6.0<a href="#cite_note-52">[48]</a> </td> <td>ECMA-334:2022, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/uploads/ECMA-334_6th_edition_june_2022.pdf">June 2022</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">None </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/language-specification/">Draft</a> </td> <td>July 2015 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/.NET_Framework_4.6" class="mw-redirect" title=".NET Framework 4.6">.NET Framework 4.6</a></li><li>.NET Core 1.0</li><li>.NET Core 1.1</li></ul></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio_2015" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Studio 2015">Visual Studio 2015</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">7.0<a href="#cite_note-53">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-new_features_in_7-54">[50]</a> </td> <td rowspan="4">ECMA-334:2023, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/uploads/ECMA-334_7th_edition_december_2023.pdf">December 2023</a> </td> <td rowspan="4">ISO/IEC 20619:2023, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/ISO_IEC%2020619_2023%20ed.1%20-%20id.86347%20Publication%20PDF%20(en).zip">September 2023</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/proposals/csharp-7.0/">Specification proposal</a> </td> <td>March 2017 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/.NET_Framework_4.7" class="mw-redirect" title=".NET Framework 4.7">.NET Framework 4.7</a></li></ul></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio_2017" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Studio 2017">Visual Studio 2017</a> version 15.0<a href="#cite_note-55">[51]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">7.1<a href="#cite_note-56">[52]</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/proposals/csharp-7.1/">Specification proposal</a> </td> <td>August 2017 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>.NET Core 2.0</li></ul></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio_2017" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Studio 2017">Visual Studio 2017</a> version 15.3<a href="#cite_note-57">[53]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">7.2<a href="#cite_note-58">[54]</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/proposals/csharp-7.2/">Specification proposal</a> </td> <td>November 2017 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio_2017" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Studio 2017">Visual Studio 2017</a> version 15.5<a href="#cite_note-59">[55]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">7.3<a href="#cite_note-60">[56]</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/proposals/csharp-7.3/">Specification proposal</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210307081157/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/proposals/csharp-7.3/">Archived</a> March 7, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </td> <td>May 2018 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>.NET Core 2.1</li><li>.NET Core 2.2</li><li><a href="/wiki/.NET_Framework_4.8" class="mw-redirect" title=".NET Framework 4.8">.NET Framework 4.8</a></li></ul></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio_2017" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Studio 2017">Visual Studio 2017</a> version 15.7<a href="#cite_note-61">[57]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">8.0<a href="#cite_note-62">[58]</a> </td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="6" style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">None </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/proposals/csharp-8.0/">Specification proposal</a> </td> <td>September 2019 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>.NET Core 3.0</li><li>.NET Core 3.1</li></ul></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Studio 2019">Visual Studio 2019</a> version 16.3<a href="#cite_note-63">[59]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">9.0<a href="#cite_note-64">[60]</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/proposals/csharp-9.0/">Specification proposal</a> </td> <td>November 2020 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>.NET 5.0</li></ul></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Studio 2019">Visual Studio 2019</a> version 16.8<a href="#cite_note-65">[61]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">10.0<a href="#cite_note-66">[62]</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/proposals/csharp-10.0/">Specification proposal</a> </td> <td>November 2021 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>.NET 6.0</li></ul></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio_2022" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Studio 2022">Visual Studio 2022</a> version 17.0<a href="#cite_note-67">[63]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">11.0<a href="#cite_note-68">[64]</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/proposals/csharp-11.0/">Specification proposal</a> </td> <td>November 2022 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>.NET 7.0</li></ul></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio_2022" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Studio 2022">Visual Studio 2022</a> version 17.4<a href="#cite_note-69">[65]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">12.0<a href="#cite_note-70">[66]</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/whats-new/csharp-12/">Specification proposal</a> </td> <td>November 2023 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>.NET 8.0</li></ul></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio_2022" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Studio 2022">Visual Studio 2022</a> version 17.8<a href="#cite_note-71">[67]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">13.0<a href="#cite_note-72">[68]</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/whats-new/csharp-13/">Specification proposal</a> </td> <td>November 2024 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>.NET 9.0</li></ul></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio_2022" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Studio 2022">Visual Studio 2022</a> version 17.12<a href="#cite_note-73">[69]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Syntax">Syntax</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Syntax">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_syntax" title="C Sharp syntax">C# syntax</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Syntax_(programming_languages)" title="Syntax (programming languages)">Syntax (programming languages)</a></div> The core syntax of the C# language is similar to that of other C-style languages such as C, C++ and Java, particularly: <ul><li>Semicolons are used to denote the end of a statement.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curly_brackets" class="mw-redirect" title="Curly brackets">Curly brackets</a> are used to group statements. Statements are commonly grouped into methods (functions), methods into classes, and classes into <a href="/wiki/Namespaces" class="mw-redirect" title="Namespaces">namespaces</a>.</li> <li>Variables are assigned using an <a href="/wiki/Equals_sign" title="Equals sign">equals sign</a>, but compared using <a href="/wiki/%3D%3D" class="mw-redirect" title="==">two consecutive equals signs</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_brackets" class="mw-redirect" title="Square brackets">Square brackets</a> are used with <a href="/wiki/Array_data_structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Array data structure">arrays</a>, both to declare them and to get a value at a given index in one of them.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distinguishing_features">Distinguishing features</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Distinguishing features">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_C_Sharp_and_Java" title="Comparison of C Sharp and Java">Comparison of C# and Java</a></div> Some notable features of C# that distinguish it from C, C++, and Java where noted, are: <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portability">Portability</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Portability">edit</a>]</div> By design, C# is the programming language that most directly reflects the underlying <a href="/wiki/Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Common Language Infrastructure">Common Language Infrastructure</a> (CLI).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENovákVelvartGraniczBalássy2010-74">[70]</a> Most of its intrinsic types correspond to value-types implemented by the CLI framework. However, the language specification does not state the code generation requirements of the compiler: that is, it does not state that a C# compiler must target a Common Language Runtime, or generate <a href="/wiki/Common_Intermediate_Language" title="Common Intermediate Language">Common Intermediate Language</a> (CIL), or generate any other specific format. Some C# compilers can also generate machine code like traditional compilers of C++ or <a href="/wiki/Fortran" title="Fortran">Fortran</a>.<a href="#cite_note-75">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Typing">Typing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Typing">edit</a>]</div> C# supports strongly, implicitly typed variable declarations with the keyword <code>var</code>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkeet2019-18">[16]</a>: 470  and implicitly typed arrays with the keyword <code>new[]</code> followed by a collection initializer.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkeet2019-18">[16]</a>: 80 <a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlbahari2022-23">[20]</a>: 58  Its type system is split into two families: Value types, like the built-in numeric types and user-defined structs, which are automatically handed over as copies when used as parameters, and reference types, including arrays, instances of classes, and strings, which only hand over a pointer to the respective object. Due to their special handling of the equality operator, strings will nevertheless behave as if they were values, for all practical purposes. You can even use them as <a href="/wiki/Switch_statement" title="Switch statement">case</a> labels. Where necessary, value types will be <a href="/wiki/Boxing_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boxing (computer science)">boxed</a> automatically.<a href="#cite_note-77">[73]</a> C# supports a strict <a href="/wiki/Boolean_data_type" title="Boolean data type">Boolean data type</a>, <code>bool</code>. Statements that take conditions, such as <code>while</code> and <code>if</code>, require an expression of a type that implements the <code>true</code> operator, such as the Boolean type. While C++ also has a Boolean type, it can be freely converted to and from integers, and expressions such as <code>if (a)</code> require only that <code>a</code> is convertible to bool, allowing <code>a</code> to be an int, or a pointer. C# disallows this "integer meaning true or false" approach, on the grounds that forcing programmers to use expressions that return exactly <code>bool</code> can prevent certain types of programming mistakes such as <code>if (a = b)</code> (use of assignment <code>=</code> instead of equality <code>==</code>). C# is more <a href="/wiki/Type_safety" title="Type safety">type safe</a> than C++. The only <a href="/wiki/Implicit_conversion" class="mw-redirect" title="Implicit conversion">implicit conversions</a> by default are those that are considered safe, such as widening of integers. This is enforced at compile-time, during <a href="/wiki/Just-in-time_compilation" title="Just-in-time compilation">JIT</a>, and, in some cases, at runtime. No implicit conversions occur between Booleans and integers, nor between enumeration members and integers (except for literal 0, which can be implicitly converted to any enumerated type). Any user-defined conversion must be explicitly marked as explicit or implicit, unlike C++ <a href="/wiki/Copy_constructor" class="mw-redirect" title="Copy constructor">copy constructors</a> and conversion operators, which are both implicit by default. C# has explicit support for <a href="/wiki/Covariance_and_contravariance_(computer_science)" title="Covariance and contravariance (computer science)">covariance and contravariance</a> in generic types,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkeet2019-18">[16]</a>: 144 <a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlbahari2022-23">[20]</a>: 23  unlike C++ which has some degree of support for contravariance simply through the semantics of return types on virtual methods. <a href="/wiki/Enumerated_type" title="Enumerated type">Enumeration</a> members are placed in their own <a href="/wiki/Scope_(programming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scope (programming)">scope</a>. The C# language does not allow for global variables or functions. All methods and members must be declared within classes. Static members of public classes can substitute for global variables and functions. Local variables cannot <a href="/wiki/Variable_shadowing" title="Variable shadowing">shadow</a> variables of the enclosing block, unlike C and C++. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metaprogramming">Metaprogramming</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Metaprogramming">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Metaprogramming" title="Metaprogramming">Metaprogramming</a> can be achieved in several ways: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reflective_programming" title="Reflective programming">Reflection</a> is supported through .NET APIs, which enable scenarios such as type metadata inspection and dynamic method invocation.</li> <li>Expression trees<a href="#cite_note-78">[74]</a> represent code as an <a href="/wiki/Abstract_syntax_tree" title="Abstract syntax tree">abstract syntax tree</a>, where each node is an expression that can be inspected or executed. This enables dynamic modification of executable code at runtime. Expression trees introduce some <a href="/wiki/Homoiconicity" title="Homoiconicity">homoiconicity</a> to the language.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attribute_(computing)" title="Attribute (computing)">Attributes</a> are <a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a> that can be attached to types, members, or entire <a href="/wiki/Assembly_(programming)" title="Assembly (programming)">assemblies</a>, equivalent to <a href="/wiki/Java_annotation" title="Java annotation">annotations in Java</a>. Attributes are accessible both to the compiler and to code through reflection. Many of native attributes duplicate the functionality of GCC's and VisualC++'s platform-dependent preprocessor directives.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><code>System.Reflection.Emit</code> namespace,<a href="#cite_note-79">[75]</a> which contains classes that emit metadata and <a href="/wiki/Common_Intermediate_Language" title="Common Intermediate Language">CIL</a> (types, assemblies, etc.) at <a href="/wiki/Runtime_system" title="Runtime system">runtime</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roslyn_(compiler)" title="Roslyn (compiler)">The .NET Compiler Platform (Roslyn)</a> provides API access to language compilation services, allowing for the compilation of C# code from within .NET applications. It exposes APIs for syntactic (<a href="/wiki/Lexical_analysis" title="Lexical analysis">lexical</a>) analysis of code, <a href="/wiki/Semantic_analysis_(compilers)" title="Semantic analysis (compilers)">semantic analysis</a>, dynamic compilation to CIL, and code emission.<a href="#cite_note-80">[76]</a></li> <li>Source generators,<a href="#cite_note-81">[77]</a> a feature of the Roslyn C# compiler, enable compile time metaprogramming. During the compilation process, developers can inspect the code being compiled with the compiler's API and pass additional generated C# source code to be compiled.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Methods_and_functions">Methods and functions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Methods and functions">edit</a>]</div> A method in C# is a member of a class that can be invoked as a function (a sequence of instructions), rather than the mere value-holding capability of a field (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Class_variable" title="Class variable">class</a> or <a href="/wiki/Instance_variable" title="Instance variable">instance variable</a>).<a href="#cite_note-82">[78]</a> As in other syntactically similar languages, such as C++ and <a href="/wiki/ANSI_C" title="ANSI C">ANSI C</a>, the signature of a method is a declaration comprising in order: any optional accessibility keywords (such as <code>private</code>), the explicit specification of its return type (such as <code>int</code>, or the keyword <code>void</code> if no value is returned), the name of the method, and finally, a parenthesized sequence of comma-separated parameter specifications, each consisting of a parameter's type, its formal name and optionally, a default value to be used whenever none is provided. Different from most other languages, <a href="/wiki/Evaluation_strategy" title="Evaluation strategy">call-by-reference</a> parameters have to be marked both at the function definition and at the calling site, and you can choose between <code>ref</code> and <code>out</code>, the latter allowing handing over an uninitialized variable which will have a definite value on return.<a href="#cite_note-83">[79]</a> Additionally, you can specify a <a href="/wiki/Variadic_function" title="Variadic function">variable-sized argument list</a> by applying the <code>params</code> keyword to the last parameter.<a href="#cite_note-84">[80]</a> Certain specific kinds of methods, such as those that simply get or set a field's value by returning or assigning it, do not require an explicitly stated full signature, but in the general case, the definition of a class includes the full signature declaration of its methods.<a href="#cite_note-properties-85">[81]</a> Like C++, and unlike Java, C# programmers must use the scope modifier keyword <code>virtual</code> to allow methods to be <a href="/wiki/Method_overriding" title="Method overriding">overridden</a> by subclasses. Unlike C++, you have to explicitly specify the keyword <code>override</code> when doing so.<a href="#cite_note-86">[82]</a> This is supposed to avoid confusion between overriding and newly overloading a function (i.e. hiding the former implementation). To do the latter, you have to specify the <code>new</code> keyword.<a href="#cite_note-87">[83]</a> Extension methods in C# allow programmers to use static methods as if they were methods from a class's method table, allowing programmers to virtually add instance methods to a class that they feel should exist on that kind of objects (and instances of the respective derived classes).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkeet2019-18">[16]</a>: 103–105 <a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlbahari2022-23">[20]</a>: 202–203  The type <code>dynamic</code> allows for run-time method binding, allowing for JavaScript-like method calls and run-time <a href="/wiki/Object_composition" title="Object composition">object composition</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkeet2019-18">[16]</a>: 114–118  C# has support for strongly-typed <a href="/wiki/Function_pointer" title="Function pointer">function pointers</a> via the keyword <code>delegate</code>. Like the Qt framework's pseudo-C++ signal and slot, C# has semantics specifically surrounding publish-subscribe style events, though C# uses delegates to do so. C# offers Java-like <code>synchronized</code> method calls, via the attribute <code>[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.Synchronized)]</code>, and has support for <a href="/wiki/Mutual_exclusion" title="Mutual exclusion">mutually-exclusive locks</a> via the keyword <code>lock</code>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Property">Property</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Property">edit</a>]</div> C# supports classes with <a href="/wiki/Property_(programming)" title="Property (programming)">properties</a>. The properties can be simple accessor functions with a backing field, or implement arbitrary getter and setter functions. A property is read-only if there's no setter. Like with fields, there can be class and instance properties. The underlying methods can be <code>virtual</code> or <a href="/wiki/Abstract_method#Abstract_methods" class="mw-redirect" title="Abstract method"><code>abstract</code></a> like any other method.<a href="#cite_note-properties-85">[81]</a> Since C# 3.0 the <a href="/wiki/Syntactic_sugar" title="Syntactic sugar">syntactic sugar</a> of auto-implemented properties is available,<a href="#cite_note-auto-implemented_property-88">[84]</a> where the <a href="/wiki/Mutator_method" title="Mutator method">accessor (getter) and mutator (setter)</a> encapsulate operations on a single <a href="/wiki/Attribute_(computing)" title="Attribute (computing)">attribute</a> of a class. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Namespace">Namespace</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Namespace">edit</a>]</div> A C# <code>namespace</code> provides the same level of code isolation as a Java <code>package</code> or a C++ <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-cpp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">namespace</code>, with very similar rules and features to a <code>package</code>. Namespaces can be imported with the "using" syntax.<a href="#cite_note-89">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Memory_access">Memory access</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Memory access">edit</a>]</div> In C#, memory address pointers can only be used within blocks specifically marked as unsafe,<a href="#cite_note-90">[86]</a> and programs with unsafe code need appropriate permissions to run. Most object access is done through safe object references, which always either point to a "live" object or have the well-defined <a href="/wiki/Nullable_type" title="Nullable type">null</a> value; it is impossible to obtain a reference to a "dead" object (one that has been garbage collected), or to a random block of memory. An unsafe pointer can point to an instance of an unmanaged value type that does not contain any references to objects subject to garbage collections such as class instances, arrays or strings. Code that is not marked as unsafe can still store and manipulate pointers through the <code>System.IntPtr</code> type, but it cannot dereference them. Managed memory cannot be explicitly freed; instead, it is automatically garbage collected. Garbage collection addresses the problem of <a href="/wiki/Memory_leak" title="Memory leak">memory leaks</a> by freeing the programmer of responsibility for releasing memory that is no longer needed in most cases. Code that retains references to objects longer than is required can still experience higher memory usage than necessary, however once the final reference to an object is released the memory is available for garbage collection. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exceptions">Exceptions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Exceptions">edit</a>]</div> A range of standard exceptions are available to programmers. Methods in standard libraries regularly throw system exceptions in some circumstances and the range of exceptions thrown is normally documented. Custom exception classes can be defined for classes allowing handling to be put in place for particular circumstances as needed.<a href="#cite_note-91">[87]</a> The syntax for handling exceptions is the following:<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c# mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>try { // something } catch (Exception ex) { // if error do this } finally { // always executes, regardless of error occurrence } </pre></div>Depending on your plans, the "finally" part can be left out. If error handling is not required, the <code>(Exception ex)</code> parameter can be omitted as well. Also, there can be several "catch" parts handling different kinds of exceptions. <a href="#cite_note-92">[88]</a> <a href="/wiki/Checked_exceptions" class="mw-redirect" title="Checked exceptions">Checked exceptions</a> are not present in C# (in contrast to Java). This has been a conscious decision based on the issues of scalability and versionability.<a href="#cite_note-93">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polymorphism">Polymorphism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Polymorphism">edit</a>]</div> Unlike <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>, C# does not support <a href="/wiki/Multiple_inheritance" title="Multiple inheritance">multiple inheritance</a>, although a class can implement any number of "<a href="/wiki/Protocol_(object-oriented_programming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Protocol (object-oriented programming)">interfaces</a>" (fully abstract classes). This was a design decision by the language's lead architect to avoid complications and to simplify architectural requirements throughout CLI. When implementing multiple interfaces that contain a method with the same name and taking parameters of the same type in the same order (i.e. the same <a href="/wiki/Type_signature" title="Type signature">signature</a>), similar to <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a>, C# allows both a single method to cover all interfaces and if necessary specific methods for each interface. However, unlike Java, C# supports <a href="/wiki/Operator_overloading" title="Operator overloading">operator overloading</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[90]</a> C# also offers <a href="/wiki/Function_overloading" title="Function overloading">function overloading</a> (a.k.a. ad-hoc-polymorphism).<a href="#cite_note-95">[91]</a> Since version 2.0, C# offers <a href="/wiki/Parametric_polymorphism" title="Parametric polymorphism">parametric polymorphism</a>, i.e. classes with arbitrary or constrained type parameters, e.g. <code>List<T></code>, a variable-sized array which only can contain elements of type <code>T</code>. There are certain kinds of constraints you can specify for the type parameters: Has to be type X (<a href="/wiki/Liskov_substitution_principle" title="Liskov substitution principle">or one derived from it</a>), has to implement a certain interface, has to be a reference type, has to be a value type, has to implement a public parameterless <a href="/wiki/Constructor_(object-oriented_programming)" title="Constructor (object-oriented programming)">constructor</a>. Most of them can be combined, and you can specify any number of interfaces.<a href="#cite_note-96">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language_Integrated_Query_(LINQ)">Language Integrated Query (LINQ)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Language Integrated Query (LINQ)">edit</a>]</div> C# has the ability to utilize <a href="/wiki/Language_Integrated_Query" title="Language Integrated Query">LINQ</a> through the .NET Framework. A developer can query a variety of data sources, provided the <code>IEnumerable<T></code> interface is implemented on the object. This includes XML documents, an <a href="/wiki/ADO.NET" title="ADO.NET">ADO.NET</a> dataset, and SQL databases.<a href="#cite_note-98">[94]</a> + Using LINQ in C# brings advantages like <a href="/wiki/IntelliSense" class="mw-redirect" title="IntelliSense">IntelliSense</a> support, strong filtering capabilities, type safety with compile error checking ability, and consistency for querying data over a variety of sources.<a href="#cite_note-99">[95]</a> There are several different language structures that can be utilized with C# and LINQ and they are query expressions, lambda expressions, anonymous types, implicitly typed variables, extension methods, and object initializers.<a href="#cite_note-100">[96]</a> LINQ has two syntaxes: query syntax and method syntax. However, the compiler always converts the query syntax to method syntax at compile time.<a href="#cite_note-101">[97]</a> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>using System.Linq; var numbers = new int[] { 5, 10, 8, 3, 6, 12 }; // Query syntax (SELECT num FROM numbers WHERE num % 2 = 0 ORDER BY num) var numQuery1 = from num in numbers where num % 2 == 0 orderby num select num; // Method syntax var numQuery2 = numbers .Where(num => num % 2 == 0) .OrderBy(n => n); </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Functional_programming">Functional programming</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Functional programming">edit</a>]</div> Though primarily an imperative language, C# always adds functional features over time,<a href="#cite_note-102">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[99]</a> for example: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First-class_function" title="First-class function">Functions as first-class citizen</a> – C# 1.0 delegates<a href="#cite_note-104">[100]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher-order_function" title="Higher-order function">Higher-order functions</a> – C# 1.0 together with delegates</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_function" title="Anonymous function">Anonymous functions</a> – C# 2 anonymous delegates and C# 3 lambdas expressions<a href="#cite_note-BillWagner-105">[101]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closure_(computer_programming)" title="Closure (computer programming)">Closures</a> – C# 2 together with anonymous delegates and C# 3 together with lambdas expressions<a href="#cite_note-BillWagner-105">[101]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_inference" title="Type inference">Type inference</a> – C# 3 with implicitly typed local variables <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">var</code> and C# 9 target-typed new expressions <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">new()</code></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_comprehension" title="List comprehension">List comprehension</a> – C# 3 LINQ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuple" title="Tuple">Tuples</a> – <a href="/wiki/.NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET Framework</a> 4.0 but it becomes popular when C# 7.0 introduced a new tuple type with language support<a href="#cite_note-:0-106">[102]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nested_function" title="Nested function">Nested functions</a> – C# 7.0<a href="#cite_note-:0-106">[102]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattern_matching" title="Pattern matching">Pattern matching</a> – C# 7.0<a href="#cite_note-:0-106">[102]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immutable_object" title="Immutable object">Immutability</a> – C# 7.2 readonly struct C# 9 record types<a href="#cite_note-107">[103]</a> and Init only setters<a href="#cite_note-108">[104]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_class" title="Type class">Type classes</a> – C# 12 roles/extensions (in development<a href="#cite_note-109">[105]</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Common_type_system">Common type system</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Common type system">edit</a>]</div> C# has a unified type system. This unified type system is called <a href="/wiki/Common_Type_System" title="Common Type System">Common Type System</a> (CTS).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArcher2001-110">[106]</a>: Part 2, Chapter 4: The Type System  A unified type system implies that all types, including primitives such as integers, are subclasses of the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">System.Object</code> class. For example, every type inherits a <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">ToString()</code> method. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Categories_of_data_types">Categories of data types</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Categories of data types">edit</a>]</div> CTS separates data types into two categories:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArcher2001-110">[106]</a> <ol><li>Reference types</li> <li>Value types</li></ol> Instances of value types neither have referential identity nor referential comparison semantics. Equality and inequality comparisons for value types compare the actual data values within the instances, unless the corresponding operators are overloaded. Value types are derived from <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">System.ValueType</code>, always have a default value, and can always be created and copied. Some other limitations on value types are that they cannot derive from each other (but can implement interfaces) and cannot have an explicit default (parameterless) constructor because they already have an implicit one which initializes all contained data to the type-dependent default value (0, null, or alike). Examples of value types are all primitive types, such as <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">int</code> (a signed 32-bit integer), <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">float</code> (a 32-bit IEEE floating-point number), <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">char</code> (a 16-bit Unicode code unit), <code>decimal</code> (fixed-point numbers useful for handling currency amounts), and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">System.DateTime</code> (identifies a specific point in time with nanosecond precision). Other examples are <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">enum</code> (enumerations) and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">struct</code> (user defined structures). In contrast, reference types have the notion of referential identity, meaning that each instance of a reference type is inherently distinct from every other instance, even if the data within both instances is the same. This is reflected in default equality and inequality comparisons for reference types, which test for referential rather than structural equality, unless the corresponding operators are overloaded (such as the case for <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">System.String</code>). Some operations are not always possible, such as creating an instance of a reference type, copying an existing instance, or performing a value comparison on two existing instances. Nevertheless, specific reference types can provide such services by exposing a public constructor or implementing a corresponding interface (such as <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">ICloneable</code> or <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">IComparable</code>). Examples of reference types are <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">object</code> (the ultimate base class for all other C# classes), <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">System.String</code> (a string of Unicode characters), and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">System.Array</code> (a base class for all C# arrays). Both type categories are extensible with user-defined types. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boxing_and_unboxing">Boxing and unboxing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Boxing and unboxing">edit</a>]</div> Boxing is the operation of converting a value-type object into a value of a corresponding reference type.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArcher2001-110">[106]</a> Boxing in C# is implicit. Unboxing is the operation of converting a value of a reference type (previously boxed) into a value of a value type.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArcher2001-110">[106]</a> Unboxing in C# requires an explicit <a href="/wiki/Type_conversion" title="Type conversion">type cast</a>. A boxed object of type T can only be unboxed to a T (or a nullable T).<a href="#cite_note-111">[107]</a> Example: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>int foo = 42; // Value type. object bar = foo; // foo is boxed to bar. int foo2 = (int)bar; // Unboxed back to value type. </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Libraries">Libraries</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Libraries">edit</a>]</div> The C# specification details a minimum set of types and class libraries that the compiler expects to have available. In practice, C# is most often used with some implementation of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Common Language Infrastructure">Common Language Infrastructure</a> (CLI), which is standardized as ECMA-335 Common Language Infrastructure (CLI). In addition to the standard CLI specifications, there are many commercial and community class libraries that build on top of the .NET framework libraries to provide additional functionality.<a href="#cite_note-112">[108]</a> C# can make calls to any library included in the <a href="/wiki/List_of_.NET_libraries_and_frameworks" title="List of .NET libraries and frameworks">List of .NET libraries and frameworks</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Examples">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hello_World">Hello World</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Hello World">edit</a>]</div> The following is a very simple C# program, a version of the classic "<a href="/wiki/%22Hello,_World!%22_program" title=""Hello, World!" program">Hello world</a>" example using the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/fundamentals/program-structure/top-level-statements">top-level statements</a> feature introduced in C# 9:<a href="#cite_note-113">[109]</a> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>using System; Console.WriteLine("Hello, world!"); </pre></div> For code written as C# 8 or lower, the entry point logic of a program must be written in a Main method inside a type: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>using System; class Program { static void Main() { Console.WriteLine("Hello, world!"); } } </pre></div> This code will display this text in the console window: <pre>Hello, world! </pre> Each line has a purpose: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>using System; </pre></div> The above line imports all types in the <code>System</code> namespace. For example, the <code>Console</code> class used later in the source code is defined in the <code>System</code> namespace, meaning it can be used without supplying the full name of the type (which includes the namespace). <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>// A version of the classic "Hello World" program </pre></div>This line is a comment; it describes and documents the code for the programmer(s).<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>class Program </pre></div> Above is a <a href="/wiki/Class_(computer_programming)" title="Class (computer programming)">class</a> definition for the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">Program</code> class. Everything that follows between the pair of braces describes that class.<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>{ ... } </pre></div>The curly brackets demarcate the boundaries of a code block. In this first instance, they are marking the start and end of the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">Program</code> class.<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>static void Main() </pre></div> This declares the class member method where the program begins execution. The .NET runtime calls the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">Main</code> method. Unlike in <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a>, the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">Main</code> method does not need the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">public</code> keyword, which tells the compiler that the method can be called from anywhere by any class.<a href="#cite_note-114">[110]</a> Writing <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">static void Main(string[] args)</code> is equivalent to writing <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">private static void Main(string[] args)</code>. The <a href="/wiki/Method_(computer_programming)#Static_methods" title="Method (computer programming)">static keyword</a> makes the method accessible without an instance of <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">Program</code>. Each console application's <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">Main</code> entry point must be declared <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">static</code> otherwise the program would require an instance of <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">Program</code>, but any instance would require a program. To avoid that irresolvable <a href="/wiki/Circular_dependency" title="Circular dependency">circular dependency</a>, C# compilers processing <a href="/wiki/Console_application" title="Console application">console applications</a> (like that above) report an error if there is no <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">static Main</code> method. The <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">void</code> keyword declares that <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">Main</code> has no <a href="/wiki/Return_value" class="mw-redirect" title="Return value">return value</a>. (Note, however, that short programs can be written using <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/fundamentals/program-structure/top-level-statements">Top Level Statements</a> introduced in C# 9, as mentioned earlier.) <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>Console.WriteLine("Hello, world!"); </pre></div> This line writes the output. <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">Console</code> is a static class in the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">System</code> namespace. It provides an interface to the standard <a href="/wiki/Input/output" title="Input/output">input/output</a>, and error streams for console applications. The program calls the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">Console</code> method <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">WriteLine</code>, which displays on the console a line with the argument, the string <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">"Hello, world!"</code>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Generics">Generics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Generics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Generic_programming" title="Generic programming">Generic programming</a></div> With .NET 2.0 and C# 2.0, the community got more flexible collections than those in .NET 1.x. In the absence of generics, developers had to use collections such as ArrayList to store elements as objects of unspecified kind, which incurred performance overhead when boxing/unboxing/type-checking the contained items. Generics introduced a massive new feature in .NET that allowed developers to create type-safe data structures. This shift is particularly important in the context of converting legacy systems, where updating to generics can significantly enhance performance and maintainability by replacing outdated data structures with more efficient, type-safe alternatives.<a href="#cite_note-115">[111]</a> Example <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-csharp mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>public class DataStore<T> { private T[] items = new T[10]; private int count = 0; public void Add(T item) { items[count++] = item; } public T Get(int index) { return items[index]; } } </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standardization_and_licensing">Standardization and licensing</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Standardization and licensing">edit</a>]</div> In August 2001, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> co-sponsored the submission of specifications for C# as well as the <a href="/wiki/Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Common Language Infrastructure">Common Language Infrastructure (CLI)</a> to the standards organization <a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">Ecma International</a>. In December 2001, ECMA released ECMA-334 C# Language Specification. C# became an <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>/<a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a> standard in 2003 (ISO/IEC 23270:2003 - Information technology — Programming languages — C#). ECMA had previously adopted equivalent specifications as the 2nd edition of C#, in December 2002. In June 2005, ECMA approved edition 3 of the C# specification, and updated ECMA-334. Additions included partial classes, anonymous methods, nullable types, and <a href="/wiki/Generic_programming" title="Generic programming">generics</a> (somewhat similar to C++ <a href="/wiki/Template_(programming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Template (programming)">templates</a>). In July 2005, ECMA submitted to ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22, via the latter's Fast-Track process, the standards and related TRs. This process usually takes 6–9 months. The C# language definition and the <a href="/wiki/Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Common Language Infrastructure">CLI</a> are standardized under <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>/<a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ecma" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecma">Ecma</a> standards that provide <a href="/wiki/Reasonable_and_Non_Discriminatory_Licensing" class="mw-redirect" title="Reasonable and Non Discriminatory Licensing">reasonable and non-discriminatory licensing</a> protection from patent claims. Microsoft initially agreed not to sue open-source developers for violating patents in non-profit projects for the part of the framework that is covered by the <a href="/wiki/Open_Specification_Promise" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Specification Promise">Open Specification Promise</a>.<a href="#cite_note-116">[112]</a> Microsoft has also agreed not to enforce patents relating to <a href="/wiki/Novell" title="Novell">Novell</a> products against Novell's paying customers<a href="#cite_note-117">[113]</a> with the exception of a list of products that do not explicitly mention C#, .NET or Novell's implementation of .NET (<a href="/wiki/Mono_(software)" title="Mono (software)">The Mono Project</a>).<a href="#cite_note-118">[114]</a> However, Novell maintained that Mono does not infringe any Microsoft patents.<a href="#cite_note-119">[115]</a> Microsoft also made a specific agreement not to enforce patent rights related to the <a href="/wiki/Moonlight_(runtime)" title="Moonlight (runtime)">Moonlight browser plugin</a>, which depends on Mono, provided it is obtained through Novell.<a href="#cite_note-MsCovenant-120">[116]</a> A decade later, Microsoft began developing free, open-source, and cross-platform tooling for C#, namely <a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio_Code" title="Visual Studio Code">Visual Studio Code</a>, <a href="/wiki/.NET_Core" class="mw-redirect" title=".NET Core">.NET Core</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Roslyn_(compiler)" title="Roslyn (compiler)">Roslyn</a>. Mono joined Microsoft as a project of <a href="/wiki/Xamarin" title="Xamarin">Xamarin</a>, a Microsoft subsidiary. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Implementations">Implementations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Implementations">edit</a>]</div> Microsoft has developed <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open-source</a> reference C# compilers and tools. The first compiler, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Roslyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Roslyn">Roslyn</a>, compiles into intermediate language (IL), and the second one, RyuJIT,<a href="#cite_note-bruce-121">[117]</a> is a JIT (just-in-time) compiler, which is dynamic and does on-the-fly optimization and compiles the IL into native code for the front-end of the CPU.<a href="#cite_note-122">[118]</a> RyuJIT is open source and written in C++.<a href="#cite_note-123">[119]</a> Roslyn is entirely written in <a href="/wiki/Managed_code" title="Managed code">managed code</a> (C#), has been opened up and functionality surfaced as APIs. It is thus enabling developers to create refactoring and diagnostics tools.<a href="#cite_note-auto-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[120]</a> Two branches of official implementation are .NET Framework (closed-source, Windows-only) and .NET Core (open-source, cross-platform); they eventually converged into one open-source implementation: .NET 5.0.<a href="#cite_note-125">[121]</a> At .NET Framework 4.6, a new JIT compiler replaced the former.<a href="#cite_note-bruce-121">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[122]</a> Other C# compilers (some of which include an implementation of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Common Language Infrastructure">Common Language Infrastructure</a> and .NET class libraries): <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mono_(software)" title="Mono (software)">Mono</a>, a Microsoft-sponsored project provides an open-source C# compiler, a complete open-source implementation of the CLI (including the required framework libraries as they appear in the ECMA specification,) and a nearly complete implementation of the NET class libraries up to .NET Framework 3.5.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/RemObjects_Elements" class="mw-redirect" title="RemObjects Elements">Elements</a> tool chain from <a href="/wiki/RemObjects" class="mw-redirect" title="RemObjects">RemObjects</a> includes RemObjects C#, which compiles C# code to .NET's <a href="/wiki/Common_Intermediate_Language" title="Common Intermediate Language">Common Intermediate Language</a>, <a href="/wiki/Java_bytecode" title="Java bytecode">Java bytecode</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cocoa_(API)" title="Cocoa (API)">Cocoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dalvik_(software)" title="Dalvik (software)">Android bytecode</a>, <a href="/wiki/WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a>, and native machine code for Windows, macOS, and Linux.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/DotGNU" title="DotGNU">DotGNU</a> project (now discontinued) also provided an open-source C# compiler, a nearly complete implementation of the Common Language Infrastructure including the required framework libraries as they appear in the ECMA specification, and subset of some of the remaining Microsoft proprietary .NET class libraries up to .NET 2.0 (those not documented or included in the ECMA specification, but included in Microsoft's standard .NET Framework distribution).</li></ul> The <a href="/wiki/Unity_(game_engine)" title="Unity (game engine)">Unity game engine</a> uses C# as its primary scripting language. The <a href="/wiki/Godot_(game_engine)" title="Godot (game engine)">Godot game engine</a> has implemented an optional C# module due to a donation of $24,000 from Microsoft.<a href="#cite_note-127">[123]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Octicons-terminal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Octicons-terminal.svg/24px-Octicons-terminal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Octicons-terminal.svg/37px-Octicons-terminal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Octicons-terminal.svg/49px-Octicons-terminal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="896" data-file-height="1024" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Computer_programming" title="Portal:Computer programming">Computer programming portal</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1215345927">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .multicol-float{width:auto!important}}.mw-parser-output .multicol-float{clear:none;float:left}.mw-parser-output .multicol-float-clear{clear:both}</style><div class="multicol-float" style=""> <dl><dt>C# topics</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_syntax" title="C Sharp syntax">C# syntax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_C_Sharp_and_Java" title="Comparison of C Sharp and Java">Comparison of C# and Java</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_C_Sharp_and_Visual_Basic_.NET" title="Comparison of C Sharp and Visual Basic .NET">Comparison of C# and Visual Basic .NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Libraries_(CLI)" title="Standard Libraries (CLI)">.NET standard libraries</a></li></ul> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215345927"><div class="multicol-float" style=""> <dl><dt>IDEs</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio" title="Visual Studio">Visual Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio_Code" title="Visual Studio Code">Visual Studio Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JetBrains#Rider" title="JetBrains">Rider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LINQPad" title="LINQPad">LINQPad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MonoDevelop" title="MonoDevelop">MonoDevelop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morfik" title="Morfik">Morfik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SharpDevelop" title="SharpDevelop">SharpDevelop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbo_C_Sharp" title="Turbo C Sharp">Turbo C#</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_Studio_Express" title="Microsoft Visual Studio Express">Microsoft Visual Studio Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xamarin_Studio" class="mw-redirect" title="Xamarin Studio">Xamarin Studio</a></li></ul> </div><div class="multicol-float-clear" style=""></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> for async </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> By convention, a <a href="/wiki/Number_sign" title="Number sign">number sign</a> is used for the second character in normal text; in artistic representations, sometimes a true <a href="/wiki/%E2%99%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="♯">sharp sign</a> is used: C♯. However the <a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">ECMA</a> 334 standard states: "The name C# is written as the LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C (U+0043) followed by the NUMBER SIGN # (U+0023)." </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> Language versions 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0 are available as ISO/IEC 23270. Beginning with version 7.0, the specification is available as ISO/IEC 20619 </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> The Microsoft C# 2.0 specification document only contains the new 2.0 features. For older features, use the 1.2 specification above. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infoq.com/minibooks/emag-c-sharp-preview">"InfoQ eMag: A Preview of C# 7"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230424033239/https://www.infoq.com/minibooks/emag-c-sharp-preview/">Archived</a> from the original on April 24, 2023. Retrieved November 11, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=InfoQ+eMag%3A+A+Preview+of+C%23+7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoq.com%2Fminibooks%2Femag-c-sharp-preview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-02abe9e72fa2f2c027d82c837fab0768db3a1512-v18-2"><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-02abe9e72fa2f2c027d82c837fab0768db3a1512-v18_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/announcing-dotnet-9/">https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/announcing-dotnet-9/</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdevblogs.microsoft.com%2Fdotnet%2Fannouncing-dotnet-9%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-dynamic-3"><a href="#cite_ref-dynamic_3-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTorgersen2008" class="citation web cs1">Torgersen, Mads (October 27, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120103195731/http://code.msdn.microsoft.com/csharpfuture/Release/ProjectReleases.aspx?ReleaseId=1686">"New features in C# 4.0"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://code.msdn.microsoft.com/csharpfuture/Release/ProjectReleases.aspx?ReleaseId=1686">the original</a> on January 3, 2012. Retrieved October 28, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+features+in+C%23+4.0&rft.pub=Microsoft&rft.date=2008-10-27&rft.aulast=Torgersen&rft.aufirst=Mads&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcode.msdn.microsoft.com%2Fcsharpfuture%2FRelease%2FProjectReleases.aspx%3FReleaseId%3D1686&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_4-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/dotnet/roslyn">"The Roslyn .NET compiler provides C# and Visual Basic languages with rich code analysis APIs.: dotnet/roslyn"</a>. November 13, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210222190922/https://github.com/dotnet/roslyn">Archived</a> from the original on February 22, 2021. Retrieved February 13, 2015 – via GitHub.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Roslyn+.NET+compiler+provides+C%23+and+Visual+Basic+languages+with+rich+code+analysis+APIs.%3A+dotnet%2Froslyn&rft.date=2019-11-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fdotnet%2Froslyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/dotnet/coreclr">"CoreCLR is the runtime for .NET Core. It includes the garbage collector, JIT compiler, primitive data types and low-level classes.: dotnet/coreclr"</a>. November 13, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191014104939/https://github.com/dotnet/coreclr">Archived</a> from the original on October 14, 2019. Retrieved March 8, 2017 – via GitHub.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CoreCLR+is+the+runtime+for+.NET+Core.+It+includes+the+garbage+collector%2C+JIT+compiler%2C+primitive+data+types+and+low-level+classes.%3A+dotnet%2Fcoreclr&rft.date=2019-11-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fdotnet%2Fcoreclr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-influenced_by_CPP-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-influenced_by_CPP_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-influenced_by_CPP_6-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaugler2007" class="citation journal cs1">Naugler, David (May 2007). "C# 2.0 for C++ and Java programmer: conference workshop". Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges. 22 (5). <q>Although C# has been strongly influenced by Java it has also been strongly influenced by C++ and is best viewed as a descendant of both C++ and Java.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Computing+Sciences+in+Colleges&rft.atitle=C%23+2.0+for+C%2B%2B+and+Java+programmer%3A+conference+workshop&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.date=2007-05&rft.aulast=Naugler&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-influenced_by_op-8"><a href="#cite_ref-influenced_by_op_8-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamilton2008" class="citation magazine cs1">Hamilton, Naomi (October 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100324124903/http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/261958/a-z_programming_languages_c_/?pp=7">"The A-Z of Programming Languages: C#"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Computerworld" title="Computerworld">Computerworld</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/261958/a-z_programming_languages_c_/?pp=7">the original</a> on March 24, 2010. Retrieved February 12, 2010. <q>We all stand on the shoulders of giants here and every language builds on what went before it so we owe a lot to C, C++, Java, Delphi, all of these other things that came before us. (<a href="/wiki/Anders_Hejlsberg" title="Anders Hejlsberg">Anders Hejlsberg</a>)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computerworld&rft.atitle=The+A-Z+of+Programming+Languages%3A+C%23&rft.date=2008-10-01&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=Naomi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.computerworld.com.au%2Farticle%2F261958%2Fa-z_programming_languages_c_%2F%3Fpp%3D7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-chplspec-9"><a href="#cite_ref-chplspec_9-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160205114946/http://chapel.cray.com/spec/spec-0.98.pdf">"Chapel spec (Acknowledgments)"</a> (PDF). Cray Inc. October 1, 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chapel.cray.com/spec/spec-0.98.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on February 5, 2016. Retrieved January 14, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chapel+spec+%28Acknowledgments%29&rft.pub=Cray+Inc&rft.date=2015-10-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchapel.cray.com%2Fspec%2Fspec-0.98.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170111184835/http://www.codequarterly.com/2011/rich-hickey">"Rich Hickey Q&A by Michael Fogus"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.codequarterly.com/2011/rich-hickey">the original</a> on January 11, 2017. Retrieved January 11, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rich+Hickey+Q%26A+by+Michael+Fogus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.codequarterly.com%2F2011%2Frich-hickey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rel_0.18.0-11"><a href="#cite_ref-rel_0.18.0_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorenszweig2016" class="citation web cs1">Borenszweig, Ary (June 14, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://crystal-lang.org/2016/06/14/crystal-0.18.0-released.html#comment-2732771703">"Crystal 0.18.0 released!"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225175315/https://crystal-lang.org/2016/06/14/crystal-0.18.0-released.html#comment-2732771703">Archived</a> from the original on December 25, 2018. Retrieved August 7, 2017. <q>It's heavily inspired by Ruby, and other languages (like C#, Go and Python).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Crystal+0.18.0+released%21&rft.date=2016-06-14&rft.aulast=Borenszweig&rft.aufirst=Ary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcrystal-lang.org%2F2016%2F06%2F14%2Fcrystal-0.18.0-released.html%23comment-2732771703&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=huawCRlo9H4&t=30m10s">"Web Languages and VMs: Fast Code is Always in Fashion. (V8, Dart) - Google I/O 2013"</a>. <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. May 16, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/huawCRlo9H4">Archived</a> from the original on December 21, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Web+Languages+and+VMs%3A+Fast+Code+is+Always+in+Fashion.+%28V8%2C+Dart%29+-+Google+I%2FO+2013&rft.date=2013-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DhuawCRlo9H4%26t%3D30m10s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> Java 5.0 added several new language features (the <a href="/wiki/Foreach_loop" title="Foreach loop">enhanced for loop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Object_type_(object-oriented_programming)#Autoboxing" class="mw-redirect" title="Object type (object-oriented programming)">autoboxing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Variadic_function" title="Variadic function">varargs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Java_annotation" title="Java annotation">annotations</a>), after they were introduced in the similar (and competing) C# language <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.barrycornelius.com/papers/java5/">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110319065438/http://www.barrycornelius.com/papers/java5/">Archived</a> March 19, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.levenez.com/lang/">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060107162045/http://www.levenez.com/lang/">Archived</a> January 7, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-influenced-14"><a href="#cite_ref-influenced_14-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCornelius2005" class="citation web cs1">Cornelius, Barry (December 1, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.barrycornelius.com/papers/java5/onefile/">"Java 5 catches up with C#"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> Computing Services. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306045428/http://www.barrycornelius.com/papers/java5/onefile/">Archived</a> from the original on March 6, 2023. Retrieved June 18, 2014. <q>In my opinion, it is C# that has caused these radical changes to the Java language. (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Barry_Cornelius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barry Cornelius (page does not exist)">Barry Cornelius</a>)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Java+5+catches+up+with+C%23&rft.pub=University+of+Oxford+Computing+Services&rft.date=2005-12-01&rft.aulast=Cornelius&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.barrycornelius.com%2Fpapers%2Fjava5%2Fonefile%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/influences.html">"Influences - The Rust Reference"</a>. The Rust Reference. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190126051127/https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/influences.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 26, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Rust+Reference&rft.atitle=Influences+-+The+Rust+Reference&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoc.rust-lang.org%2Freference%2Finfluences.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lattner2014-16"><a href="#cite_ref-lattner2014_16-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLattner2014" class="citation web cs1">Lattner, Chris (June 3, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nondot.org/sabre/">"Chris Lattner's Homepage"</a>. Chris Lattner. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225175312/http://nondot.org/sabre/">Archived</a> from the original on December 25, 2018. Retrieved May 12, 2020. <q>The Swift language is the product of tireless effort from a team of language experts, documentation gurus, compiler optimization ninjas, and an incredibly important internal dogfooding group who provided feedback to help refine and battle-test ideas. Of course, it also greatly benefited from the experiences hard-won by many other languages in the field, drawing ideas from Objective-C, Rust, Haskell, Ruby, Python, C#, CLU, and far too many others to list.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chris+Lattner%27s+Homepage&rft.pub=Chris+Lattner&rft.date=2014-06-03&rft.aulast=Lattner&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnondot.org%2Fsabre%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESkeet2019-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkeet2019_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkeet2019_18-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkeet2019_18-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkeet2019_18-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkeet2019_18-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkeet2019_18-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkeet2019_18-6">g</a> <a href="#CITEREFSkeet2019">Skeet 2019</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-ECMA-334-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ECMA-334_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECMA-334_19-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECMA-334_19-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECMA-334_19-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECMA-334_19-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/wp-content/uploads/ECMA-334_4th_edition_june_2006.pdf">C# Language Specification</a> (PDF) (4th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">Ecma International</a>. June 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210421135433/https://www.ecma-international.org/wp-content/uploads/ECMA-334_4th_edition_june_2006.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on April 21, 2021. Retrieved January 26, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=C%23+Language+Specification&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Ecma+International&rft.date=2006-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FECMA-334_4th_edition_june_2006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDollard2023" class="citation web cs1">Dollard, Kathleen (November 14, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/announcing-csharp-12/">"Announcing C# 12"</a>. .NET Blog. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231118121012/https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/announcing-csharp-12/">Archived</a> from the original on November 18, 2023. Retrieved November 18, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=.NET+Blog&rft.atitle=Announcing+C%23+12&rft.date=2023-11-14&rft.aulast=Dollard&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdevblogs.microsoft.com%2Fdotnet%2Fannouncing-csharp-12%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeth2023" class="citation web cs1">Seth, Gaurav (November 14, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/announcing-dotnet-8/">"Announcing .NET 8"</a>. .NET Blog. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231119051129/https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/announcing-dotnet-8/">Archived</a> from the original on November 19, 2023. Retrieved November 18, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=.NET+Blog&rft.atitle=Announcing+.NET+8&rft.date=2023-11-14&rft.aulast=Seth&rft.aufirst=Gaurav&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdevblogs.microsoft.com%2Fdotnet%2Fannouncing-dotnet-8%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlbahari2022-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlbahari2022_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlbahari2022_23-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlbahari2022_23-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlbahari2022_23-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlbahari2022_23-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlbahari2022_23-5">f</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlbahari2022">Albahari 2022</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.java-samples.com/showtutorial.php?tutorialid=1425">"Design Goals of C#"</a>. www.java-samples.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211006065344/https://www.java-samples.com/showtutorial.php?tutorialid=1425">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2021. Retrieved October 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.java-samples.com&rft.atitle=Design+Goals+of+C%23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.java-samples.com%2Fshowtutorial.php%3Ftutorialid%3D1425&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZander2007" class="citation web cs1">Zander, Jason (November 22, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/jasonz/couple-of-historical-facts">"Couple of Historical Facts"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200729002618/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/jasonz/couple-of-historical-facts">Archived</a> from the original on July 29, 2020. Retrieved February 23, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Couple+of+Historical+Facts&rft.date=2007-11-22&rft.aulast=Zander&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Farchive%2Fblogs%2Fjasonz%2Fcouple-of-historical-facts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160624010356/http://aspadvice.com/blogs/rbirkby/archive/2006/11/28/What-language-was-ASP.Net-originally-written-in_3F00_.aspx">"What language was ASP.Net originally written in?"</a>. November 28, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aspadvice.com/blogs/rbirkby/archive/2006/11/28/What-language-was-ASP.Net-originally-written-in_3F00_.aspx">the original</a> on June 24, 2016. Retrieved February 21, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+language+was+ASP.Net+originally+written+in%3F&rft.date=2006-11-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faspadvice.com%2Fblogs%2Frbirkby%2Farchive%2F2006%2F11%2F28%2FWhat-language-was-ASP.Net-originally-written-in_3F00_.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-computerworld2008-27"><a href="#cite_ref-computerworld2008_27-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamilton2008" class="citation magazine cs1">Hamilton, Naomi (October 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190518115808/https://www.computerworld.com.au/article/261958/a-z_programming_languages_c_/">"The A-Z of Programming Languages: C#"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Computerworld" title="Computerworld">Computerworld</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.computerworld.com.au/article/261958/a-z_programming_languages_c_/">the original</a> on May 18, 2019. Retrieved October 1, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computerworld&rft.atitle=The+A-Z+of+Programming+Languages%3A+C%23&rft.date=2008-10-01&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=Naomi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.computerworld.com.au%2Farticle%2F261958%2Fa-z_programming_languages_c_%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190407173805/http://nilsnaegele.com/techreview/Reviews/Details/1">"Details"</a>. nilsnaegele.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nilsnaegele.com/techreview/Reviews/Details/1">the original</a> on April 7, 2019. Retrieved April 7, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nilsnaegele.com&rft.atitle=Details&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnilsnaegele.com%2Ftechreview%2FReviews%2FDetails%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gosling-29"><a href="#cite_ref-gosling_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnet.com/tech/tech-industry/why-microsofts-c-isnt/">"Why Microsoft's C# isn't"</a>. CNET: CBS Interactive. 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230814054213/https://www.cnet.com/tech/tech-industry/why-microsofts-c-isnt/">Archived</a> from the original on August 14, 2023. Retrieved September 18, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+Microsoft%27s+C%23+isn%27t&rft.pub=CNET%3A+CBS+Interactive&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnet.com%2Ftech%2Ftech-industry%2Fwhy-microsofts-c-isnt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBill_Joy2002" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Joy" title="Bill Joy">Bill Joy</a> (February 7, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnet.com/tech/tech-industry/microsofts-blind-spot/">"Microsoft's blind spot"</a>. cnet.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230814053108/https://www.cnet.com/tech/tech-industry/microsofts-blind-spot/">Archived</a> from the original on August 14, 2023. Retrieved September 18, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Microsoft%27s+blind+spot&rft.pub=cnet.com&rft.date=2002-02-07&rft.au=Bill+Joy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnet.com%2Ftech%2Ftech-industry%2Fmicrosofts-blind-spot%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-JohnOsborn-31"><a href="#cite_ref-JohnOsborn_31-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsborn2000" class="citation news cs1">Osborn, John (August 1, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://windowsdevcenter.com/pub/a/oreilly/windows/news/hejlsberg_0800.html">"Deep Inside C#: An Interview with Microsoft Chief Architect Anders Hejlsberg"</a>. O'Reilly Media. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100109195800/http://windowsdevcenter.com/pub/a/oreilly/windows/news/hejlsberg_0800.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 9, 2010. Retrieved November 14, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Deep+Inside+C%23%3A+An+Interview+with+Microsoft+Chief+Architect+Anders+Hejlsberg&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.aulast=Osborn&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwindowsdevcenter.com%2Fpub%2Fa%2Foreilly%2Fwindows%2Fnews%2Fhejlsberg_0800.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/512aeb7t.aspx">"Generics (C# Programming Guide)"</a>. Microsoft. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110826233800/http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/512aeb7t.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on August 26, 2011. Retrieved March 21, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Generics+%28C%23+Programming+Guide%29&rft.pub=Microsoft&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmsdn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Flibrary%2F512aeb7t.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDon_Box_and_Anders_Hejlsberg2007" class="citation web cs1">Don Box and Anders Hejlsberg (February 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb308959.aspx">"LINQ: .NET Language-Integrated Query"</a>. Microsoft. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110824063725/http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb308959.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on August 24, 2011. Retrieved March 21, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=LINQ%3A+.NET+Language-Integrated+Query&rft.pub=Microsoft&rft.date=2007-02&rft.au=Don+Box+and+Anders+Hejlsberg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmsdn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Flibrary%2Fbb308959.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMercer2010" class="citation web cs1">Mercer, Ian (April 15, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110711124734/http://blog.abodit.com/2010/04/why-functional-programming-is-better-linq-c-sharp-than-procedural-code/">"Why functional programming and LINQ is often better than procedural code"</a>. abodit.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.abodit.com/2010/04/why-functional-programming-is-better-linq-c-sharp-than-procedural-code/">the original</a> on July 11, 2011. Retrieved March 21, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+functional+programming+and+LINQ+is+often+better+than+procedural+code&rft.pub=abodit.com&rft.date=2010-04-15&rft.aulast=Mercer&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.abodit.com%2F2010%2F04%2Fwhy-functional-programming-is-better-linq-c-sharp-than-procedural-code%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160119144858if_/http://blogs.msdn.com/b/danielfe/archive/2004/01/29/64429.aspx">"Andy Retires"</a>. Dan Fernandez's Blog. Blogs.msdn.com. January 29, 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.msdn.com/b/danielfe/archive/2004/01/29/64429.aspx">the original</a> on January 19, 2016. Retrieved October 4, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dan+Fernandez%27s+Blog&rft.atitle=Andy+Retires&rft.date=2004-01-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.msdn.com%2Fb%2Fdanielfe%2Farchive%2F2004%2F01%2F29%2F64429.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_technical_committee.html?commid=45202">"Technical committees - JTC 1/SC 22 - Programming languages, their environments and system software interfaces"</a>. ISO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120927020608/http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_technical_committee.html?commid=45202">Archived</a> from the original on September 27, 2012. Retrieved October 4, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Technical+committees+-+JTC+1%2FSC+22+-+Programming+languages%2C+their+environments+and+system+software+interfaces&rft.pub=ISO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fiso%2Fiso_technical_committee.html%3Fcommid%3D45202&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120508100146/http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=36768">"ISO/IEC 23270:2003 - Information technology - C# Language Specification"</a>. Iso.org. August 23, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=36768">the original</a> on May 8, 2012. Retrieved October 4, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISO%2FIEC+23270%3A2003+-+Information+technology+-+C%23+Language+Specification&rft.pub=Iso.org&rft.date=2006-08-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fiso%2Fiso_catalogue%2Fcatalogue_tc%2Fcatalogue_detail.htm%3Fcsnumber%3D36768&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_ics/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?csnumber=42926">"ISO/IEC 23270:2006 - Information technology - Programming languages - C#"</a>. Iso.org. January 26, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101206152217/http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_ics/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?csnumber=42926">Archived</a> from the original on December 6, 2010. Retrieved October 4, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISO%2FIEC+23270%3A2006+-+Information+technology+-+Programming+languages+-+C%23&rft.pub=Iso.org&rft.date=2012-01-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fiso%2Fiso_catalogue%2Fcatalogue_ics%2Fcatalogue_detail_ics.htm%3Fcsnumber%3D42926&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/cms/render/live/en/sites/isoorg/contents/data/standard/07/51/75178.html">"SO/IEC 23270:2018 Information technology — Programming languages — C#"</a>. ISO. Retrieved November 26, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ISO&rft.atitle=SO%2FIEC+23270%3A2018+Information+technology+%E2%80%94+Programming+languages+%E2%80%94+C%23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fcms%2Frender%2Flive%2Fen%2Fsites%2Fisoorg%2Fcontents%2Fdata%2Fstandard%2F07%2F51%2F75178.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMariani2009" class="citation web cs1">Mariani, Rico (October 5, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/ricom/2009/10/05/my-history-of-visual-studio-part-1/">"My History of Visual Studio (Part 1) – Rico Mariani's Performance Tidbits"</a>. Rico Mariani's Performance Tidbits. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180527120755/https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/ricom/2009/10/05/my-history-of-visual-studio-part-1/">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2018. Retrieved May 26, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rico+Mariani%27s+Performance+Tidbits&rft.atitle=My+History+of+Visual+Studio+%28Part+1%29+%E2%80%93+Rico+Mariani%27s+Performance+Tidbits&rft.date=2009-10-05&rft.aulast=Mariani&rft.aufirst=Rico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.msdn.microsoft.com%2Fricom%2F2009%2F10%2F05%2Fmy-history-of-visual-studio-part-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKovacs2007" class="citation web cs1">Kovacs, James (September 7, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090306073219/http://jameskovacs.com/blog/CNETHistoryLesson.aspx">"C#/.NET History Lesson"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jameskovacs.com/blog/CNETHistoryLesson.aspx">the original</a> on March 6, 2009. Retrieved June 18, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=C%23%2F.NET+History+Lesson&rft.date=2007-09-07&rft.aulast=Kovacs&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jameskovacs.com%2Fblog%2FCNETHistoryLesson.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHejlsberg2008" class="citation magazine cs1">Hejlsberg, Anders (October 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402120752/https://www.computerworld.com.au/article/261958/a-z_programming_languages_c_/?pp=2">"The A-Z of Programming Languages: C#"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Computerworld" title="Computerworld">Computerworld</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/261958/a-z_programming_languages_c_/?pp=2">the original</a> on April 2, 2015. Retrieved June 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computerworld&rft.atitle=The+A-Z+of+Programming+Languages%3A+C%23&rft.date=2008-10-01&rft.aulast=Hejlsberg&rft.aufirst=Anders&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.computerworld.com.au%2Farticle%2F261958%2Fa-z_programming_languages_c_%2F%3Fpp%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MS_CSharp_FAQ-43"><a href="#cite_ref-MS_CSharp_FAQ_43-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060214002638/http://msdn.microsoft.com/vcsharp/previous/2002/FAQ/default.aspx">"Microsoft C# FAQ"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/vcsharp/previous/2002/FAQ/default.aspx">the original</a> on February 14, 2006. Retrieved March 25, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Microsoft+C%23+FAQ&rft.pub=Microsoft&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmsdn.microsoft.com%2Fvcsharp%2Fprevious%2F2002%2FFAQ%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MS_FSharp_FAQ-44"><a href="#cite_ref-MS_FSharp_FAQ_44-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090218222543/http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/cambridge/projects/fsharp/faq.aspx">"F# FAQ"</a>. Microsoft Research. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/cambridge/projects/fsharp/faq.aspx">the original</a> on February 18, 2009. Retrieved June 18, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=F%23+FAQ&rft.pub=Microsoft+Research&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresearch.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fum%2Fcambridge%2Fprojects%2Ffsharp%2Ffaq.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimonStapfMeyer2002" class="citation web cs1">Simon, Raphael; Stapf, Emmanuel; Meyer, Bertrand (June 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms973898.aspx">"Full Eiffel on the .NET Framework"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090721131102/http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms973898.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on July 21, 2009. Retrieved June 18, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Full+Eiffel+on+the+.NET+Framework&rft.pub=Microsoft&rft.date=2002-06&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=Raphael&rft.au=Stapf%2C+Emmanuel&rft.au=Meyer%2C+Bertrand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmsdn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Flibrary%2Fms973898.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101218191709/http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/7cz8t42e(v=vs.80).aspx">"What's new in the C# 2.0 Language and Compiler"</a>. Microsoft. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/7cz8t42e(v=vs.80).aspx">the original</a> on December 18, 2010. Retrieved June 11, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What%27s+new+in+the+C%23+2.0+Language+and+Compiler&rft.pub=Microsoft&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmsdn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Flibrary%2F7cz8t42e%28v%3Dvs.80%29.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHejlsbergTorgersen2007" class="citation web cs1">Hejlsberg, Anders; Torgersen, Mads (April 30, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb308966.aspx">"Overview of C# 3.0"</a>. Microsoft Developer Network. Microsoft. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140625123055/http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb308966.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on June 25, 2014. Retrieved June 11, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Developer+Network&rft.atitle=Overview+of+C%23+3.0&rft.date=2007-04-30&rft.aulast=Hejlsberg&rft.aufirst=Anders&rft.au=Torgersen%2C+Mads&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmsdn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Flibrary%2Fbb308966.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-danielmoth1-49">^ <a href="#cite_ref-danielmoth1_49-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-danielmoth1_49-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.danielmoth.com/Blog/using-c-30-from-net-20.aspx">"Using C# 3.0 from .NET 2.0"</a>. Danielmoth.com. May 13, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120929075553/http://www.danielmoth.com/Blog/Using-C-30-From-NET-20.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on September 29, 2012. Retrieved October 4, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Using+C%23+3.0+from+.NET+2.0&rft.pub=Danielmoth.com&rft.date=2007-05-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.danielmoth.com%2FBlog%2Fusing-c-30-from-net-20.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHejlsberg2011" class="citation web cs1">Hejlsberg, Anders (September 15, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110923171150/http://channel9.msdn.com/Events/BUILD/BUILD2011/TOOL-816T">"Future directions for C# and Visual Basic"</a>. Channel 9. BUILD2011. Microsoft. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://channel9.msdn.com/Events/BUILD/BUILD2011/TOOL-816T">the original</a> on September 23, 2011. Retrieved September 21, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Channel+9&rft.atitle=Future+directions+for+C%23+and+Visual+Basic&rft.date=2011-09-15&rft.aulast=Hejlsberg&rft.aufirst=Anders&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchannel9.msdn.com%2FEvents%2FBUILD%2FBUILD2011%2FTOOL-816T&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140604224114/http://blogs.msdn.com/b/mvpawardprogram/archive/2012/03/26/introduction-of-new-features-in-c-5-0.aspx">"An Introduction to New Features in C# 5.0"</a>. The Microsoft MVP Award Program Blog. Microsoft. March 26, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.msdn.com/b/mvpawardprogram/archive/2012/03/26/introduction-of-new-features-in-c-5-0.aspx">the original</a> on June 4, 2014. Retrieved June 11, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Microsoft+MVP+Award+Program+Blog&rft.atitle=An+Introduction+to+New+Features+in+C%23+5.0&rft.date=2012-03-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.msdn.com%2Fb%2Fmvpawardprogram%2Farchive%2F2012%2F03%2F26%2Fintroduction-of-new-features-in-c-5-0.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160112082444/https://github.com/dotnet/roslyn/wiki/Languages-features-in-C%23-6-and-VB-14">"Languages features in C# 6 and VB 14"</a>. GitHub. dotnet/roslyn. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/dotnet/roslyn/wiki/Languages-features-in-C%23-6-and-VB-14">the original</a> on January 12, 2016. Retrieved February 13, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=Languages+features+in+C%23+6+and+VB+14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fdotnet%2Froslyn%2Fwiki%2FLanguages-features-in-C%2523-6-and-VB-14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171101224329/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/whats-new/csharp-7">"What's new in C# 7"</a>. Microsoft Docs. December 21, 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/whats-new/csharp-7">the original</a> on November 1, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Docs&rft.atitle=What%27s+new+in+C%23+7&rft.date=2016-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdotnet%2Fcsharp%2Fwhats-new%2Fcsharp-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-new_features_in_7-54"><a href="#cite_ref-new_features_in_7_54-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTorgersen2017" class="citation web cs1">Torgersen, Mads (March 9, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/dotnet/2017/03/09/new-features-in-c-7-0/">"New Features in C# 7.0"</a>. .NET Blog. Microsoft. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170411055800/https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/dotnet/2017/03/09/new-features-in-c-7-0/">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2017. Retrieved June 9, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=.NET+Blog&rft.atitle=New+Features+in+C%23+7.0&rft.date=2017-03-09&rft.aulast=Torgersen&rft.aufirst=Mads&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.msdn.microsoft.com%2Fdotnet%2F2017%2F03%2F09%2Fnew-features-in-c-7-0%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/releasenotes/vs2017-relnotes-v15.0">"Visual Studio 2017 version 15.0 Release Notes"</a>. Microsoft Learn. April 11, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230420021649/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/releasenotes/vs2017-relnotes-v15.0">Archived</a> from the original on April 20, 2023. Retrieved April 19, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Learn&rft.atitle=Visual+Studio+2017+version+15.0+Release+Notes&rft.date=2023-04-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fvisualstudio%2Freleasenotes%2Fvs2017-relnotes-v15.0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/whats-new/csharp-7-1">"What's new in C# 7.1"</a>. Microsoft Docs. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010054644/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/whats-new/csharp-7-1">Archived</a> from the original on October 10, 2017. Retrieved October 9, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Docs&rft.atitle=What%27s+new+in+C%23+7.1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdotnet%2Fcsharp%2Fwhats-new%2Fcsharp-7-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/releasenotes/vs2017-relnotes-v15.3">"Visual Studio 2017 version 15.3 Release Notes"</a>. Microsoft Learn. April 11, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321003648/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/releasenotes/vs2017-relnotes-v15.3">Archived</a> from the original on March 21, 2023. Retrieved April 19, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Learn&rft.atitle=Visual+Studio+2017+version+15.3+Release+Notes&rft.date=2023-04-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fvisualstudio%2Freleasenotes%2Fvs2017-relnotes-v15.3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/whats-new/csharp-7-2">"What's new in C# 7.2"</a>. Microsoft Docs. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201080837/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/whats-new/csharp-7-2">Archived</a> from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved November 26, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Docs&rft.atitle=What%27s+new+in+C%23+7.2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdotnet%2Fcsharp%2Fwhats-new%2Fcsharp-7-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/releasenotes/vs2017-relnotes-v15.5">"Visual Studio 2017 version 15.5 Release Notes"</a>. Microsoft Learn. April 11, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230420021650/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/releasenotes/vs2017-relnotes-v15.5">Archived</a> from the original on April 20, 2023. Retrieved April 19, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Learn&rft.atitle=Visual+Studio+2017+version+15.5+Release+Notes&rft.date=2023-04-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fvisualstudio%2Freleasenotes%2Fvs2017-relnotes-v15.5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/whats-new/csharp-7-3">"What's new in C# 7.3"</a>. Microsoft Docs. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180623113321/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/whats-new/csharp-7-3">Archived</a> from the original on June 23, 2018. Retrieved June 23, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Docs&rft.atitle=What%27s+new+in+C%23+7.3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdotnet%2Fcsharp%2Fwhats-new%2Fcsharp-7-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/releasenotes/vs2017-relnotes-v15.7">"Visual Studio 2017 version 15.7 Release Notes"</a>. Microsoft Learn. July 13, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230420021650/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/releasenotes/vs2017-relnotes-v15.7">Archived</a> from the original on April 20, 2023. Retrieved April 19, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Learn&rft.atitle=Visual+Studio+2017+version+15.7+Release+Notes&rft.date=2022-07-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fvisualstudio%2Freleasenotes%2Fvs2017-relnotes-v15.7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/whats-new/csharp-8">"What's new in C# 8.0"</a>. Microsoft Docs. March 9, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200906163227/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/whats-new/csharp-8">Archived</a> from the original on September 6, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Docs&rft.atitle=What%27s+new+in+C%23+8.0&rft.date=2023-03-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdotnet%2Fcsharp%2Fwhats-new%2Fcsharp-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/releases/2019/release-notes-v16.3">"Visual Studio 2019 version 16.3 Release Notes"</a>. Microsoft Learn. April 11, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230420021652/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/releases/2019/release-notes-v16.3">Archived</a> from the original on April 20, 2023. Retrieved April 19, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Learn&rft.atitle=Visual+Studio+2019+version+16.3+Release+Notes&rft.date=2023-04-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fvisualstudio%2Freleases%2F2019%2Frelease-notes-v16.3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBillWagner" class="citation web cs1">BillWagner. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/whats-new/csharp-9">"What's new in C# 9.0 - C# Guide"</a>. Microsoft Learn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200905125516/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/whats-new/csharp-9">Archived</a> from the original on September 5, 2020. Retrieved October 15, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Learn&rft.atitle=What%27s+new+in+C%23+9.0+-+C%23+Guide&rft.au=BillWagner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdotnet%2Fcsharp%2Fwhats-new%2Fcsharp-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/releases/2019/release-notes-v16.8">"Visual Studio 2019 version 16.8 Release Notes"</a>. Microsoft Learn. April 11, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230420021651/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/releases/2019/release-notes-v16.8">Archived</a> from the original on April 20, 2023. Retrieved April 19, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Learn&rft.atitle=Visual+Studio+2019+version+16.8+Release+Notes&rft.date=2023-04-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fvisualstudio%2Freleases%2F2019%2Frelease-notes-v16.8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/whats-new/csharp-10">"What's new in C# 10"</a>. Microsoft Learn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220208222424/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/whats-new/csharp-10">Archived</a> from the original on February 8, 2022. Retrieved November 10, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Learn&rft.atitle=What%27s+new+in+C%23+10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdotnet%2Fcsharp%2Fwhats-new%2Fcsharp-10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/releases/2022/release-notes-v17.0">"Visual Studio 2022 version 17.0 Release Notes"</a>. Microsoft Learn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230716094736/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/releases/2022/release-notes-v17.0">Archived</a> from the original on July 16, 2023. Retrieved April 19, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Learn&rft.atitle=Visual+Studio+2022+version+17.0+Release+Notes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fvisualstudio%2Freleases%2F2022%2Frelease-notes-v17.0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/whats-new/csharp-11">"What's new in C# 11"</a>. Microsoft Learn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220815142541/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/whats-new/csharp-11">Archived</a> from the original on August 15, 2022. Retrieved August 8, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Learn&rft.atitle=What%27s+new+in+C%23+11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdotnet%2Fcsharp%2Fwhats-new%2Fcsharp-11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/releases/2022/release-notes-v17.4">"Visual Studio 2022 version 17.4 Release Notes"</a>. Microsoft Learn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230806130647/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/releases/2022/release-notes-v17.4">Archived</a> from the original on August 6, 2023. Retrieved April 19, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Learn&rft.atitle=Visual+Studio+2022+version+17.4+Release+Notes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fvisualstudio%2Freleases%2F2022%2Frelease-notes-v17.4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/whats-new/csharp-12">"What's new in C# 12"</a>. Microsoft Learn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230720114545/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/whats-new/csharp-12">Archived</a> from the original on July 20, 2023. Retrieved June 29, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Learn&rft.atitle=What%27s+new+in+C%23+12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdotnet%2Fcsharp%2Fwhats-new%2Fcsharp-12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/releases/2022/release-notes-v17.8">"Visual Studio 2022 version 17.8 Release Notes"</a>. Microsoft Learn. August 13, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241006041528/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/releases/2022/release-notes-v17.8">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2024. Retrieved November 18, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Learn&rft.atitle=Visual+Studio+2022+version+17.8+Release+Notes&rft.date=2024-08-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fvisualstudio%2Freleases%2F2022%2Frelease-notes-v17.8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/whats-new/csharp-13">"What's new in C# 13"</a>. Microsoft Learn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241113030010/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/whats-new/csharp-13">Archived</a> from the original on November 13, 2024. Retrieved November 18, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Learn&rft.atitle=What%27s+new+in+C%23+13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdotnet%2Fcsharp%2Fwhats-new%2Fcsharp-13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/releases/2022/release-notes">"Visual Studio 2022 Release Notes"</a>. Microsoft Learn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241112180619/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/releases/2022/release-notes">Archived</a> from the original on November 12, 2024. Retrieved November 18, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Learn&rft.atitle=Visual+Studio+2022+Release+Notes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fvisualstudio%2Freleases%2F2022%2Frelease-notes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENovákVelvartGraniczBalássy2010-74"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENovákVelvartGraniczBalássy2010_74-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNovákVelvartGraniczBalássy2010">Novák et al. 2010</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFstevewhimsmattwojo2022" class="citation web cs1">stevewhims; mattwojo (October 20, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/uwp/dotnet-native/">"Compiling Apps with .NET Native - UWP applications"</a>. learn.microsoft.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231027220533/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/uwp/dotnet-native/">Archived</a> from the original on October 27, 2023. Retrieved October 27, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=learn.microsoft.com&rft.atitle=Compiling+Apps+with+.NET+Native+-+UWP+applications&rft.date=2022-10-20&rft.au=stevewhims&rft.au=mattwojo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fwindows%2Fuwp%2Fdotnet-native%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLakshanFagockeRick-Andersongewarren2023" class="citation web cs1">LakshanF; agocke; Rick-Anderson; et al. (September 12, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/deploying/native-aot/">"Native AOT deployment overview - .NET"</a>. learn.microsoft.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231111093836/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/deploying/native-aot/">Archived</a> from the original on November 11, 2023. Retrieved October 27, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=learn.microsoft.com&rft.atitle=Native+AOT+deployment+overview+-+.NET&rft.date=2023-09-12&rft.au=LakshanF&rft.au=agocke&rft.au=Rick-Anderson&rft.au=gewarren&rft.au=IEvangelist&rft.au=MichalStrehovsky&rft.au=just-a-hriday&rft.au=mitchdenny&rft.au=am11&rft.au=jkotas&rft.au=GitHubPang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdotnet%2Fcore%2Fdeploying%2Fnative-aot%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/language-specification/types#81-general">"Types/General, part of the official C# documentation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240329145803/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/language-specification/types#81-general">Archived</a> from the original on March 29, 2024. Retrieved April 6, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Types%2FGeneral%2C+part+of+the+official+C%23+documentation&rft.pub=Microsoft&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdotnet%2Fcsharp%2Flanguage-reference%2Flanguage-specification%2Ftypes%2381-general&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBillWagner" class="citation web cs1">BillWagner. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/programming-guide/concepts/expression-trees/">"Expression Trees (C#)"</a>. Microsoft Learn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515000042/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/programming-guide/concepts/expression-trees/">Archived</a> from the original on May 15, 2021. Retrieved May 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Learn&rft.atitle=Expression+Trees+%28C%23%29&rft.au=BillWagner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdotnet%2Fcsharp%2Fprogramming-guide%2Fconcepts%2Fexpression-trees%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFdotnet-bot" class="citation web cs1">dotnet-bot. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.reflection.emit?view=net-8.0">"System.Reflection.Emit Namespace"</a>. learn.microsoft.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230428191740/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.reflection.emit?view=net-8.0">Archived</a> from the original on April 28, 2023. Retrieved April 28, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=learn.microsoft.com&rft.atitle=System.Reflection.Emit+Namespace&rft.au=dotnet-bot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdotnet%2Fapi%2Fsystem.reflection.emit%3Fview%3Dnet-8.0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcAllister2011" class="citation web cs1">McAllister, Neil (October 20, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infoworld.com/article/2621132/microsoft-s-roslyn--reinventing-the-compiler-as-we-know-it.html">"Microsoft's Roslyn: Reinventing the compiler as we know it"</a>. InfoWorld. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220305160503/https://www.infoworld.com/article/2621132/microsoft-s-roslyn--reinventing-the-compiler-as-we-know-it.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 5, 2022. Retrieved March 5, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=Microsoft%27s+Roslyn%3A+Reinventing+the+compiler+as+we+know+it&rft.date=2011-10-20&rft.aulast=McAllister&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoworld.com%2Farticle%2F2621132%2Fmicrosoft-s-roslyn--reinventing-the-compiler-as-we-know-it.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/introducing-c-source-generators/">"Introducing C# Source Generators"</a>. .NET Blog. April 29, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210507115127/https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/introducing-c-source-generators/">Archived</a> from the original on May 7, 2021. Retrieved May 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=.NET+Blog&rft.atitle=Introducing+C%23+Source+Generators&rft.date=2020-04-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdevblogs.microsoft.com%2Fdotnet%2Fintroducing-c-source-generators%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/language-specification/classes#155-fields">"Classes/fields, part of the official C# documentation"</a>. February 7, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Classes%2Ffields%2C+part+of+the+official+C%23+documentation&rft.date=2024-02-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdotnet%2Fcsharp%2Flanguage-reference%2Flanguage-specification%2Fclasses%23155-fields&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/keywords/out">"out (C# Reference)"</a>. March 30, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=out+%28C%23+Reference%29&rft.date=2024-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdotnet%2Fcsharp%2Flanguage-reference%2Fkeywords%2Fout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/keywords/method-parameters#params-modifier">"Method parameters/params modifier, part of the official C# documentation"</a>. May 21, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Method+parameters%2Fparams+modifier%2C+part+of+the+official+C%23+documentation&rft.date=2024-05-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdotnet%2Fcsharp%2Flanguage-reference%2Fkeywords%2Fmethod-parameters%23params-modifier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-properties-85">^ <a href="#cite_ref-properties_85-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-properties_85-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/language-specification/classes#157-properties">"Classes/properties, part of the official C# documentation"</a>. February 7, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Classes%2Fproperties%2C+part+of+the+official+C%23+documentation&rft.date=2024-02-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdotnet%2Fcsharp%2Flanguage-reference%2Flanguage-specification%2Fclasses%23157-properties&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/keywords/virtual">"virtual (C# Reference)"</a>. Microsoft Learn. September 15, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180830073741/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/keywords/virtual">Archived</a> from the original on August 30, 2018. Retrieved April 4, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Learn&rft.atitle=virtual+%28C%23+Reference%29&rft.date=2021-09-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdotnet%2Fcsharp%2Flanguage-reference%2Fkeywords%2Fvirtual&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/keywords/new-modifier">"new modifier, part of the official C# documentation"</a>. April 12, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=new+modifier%2C+part+of+the+official+C%23+documentation&rft.date=2023-04-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdotnet%2Fcsharp%2Flanguage-reference%2Fkeywords%2Fnew-modifier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-implemented_property-88"><a href="#cite_ref-auto-implemented_property_88-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/programming-guide/classes-and-structs/auto-implemented-properties">"Auto-Implemented Properties (C# Programming Guide)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201029204026/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/programming-guide/classes-and-structs/auto-implemented-properties">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2020. Retrieved September 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Auto-Implemented+Properties+%28C%23+Programming+Guide%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdotnet%2Fcsharp%2Fprogramming-guide%2Fclasses-and-structs%2Fauto-implemented-properties&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/keywords/using-directive">"using directive - C# Reference"</a>. Microsoft Docs. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190414022555/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/keywords/using-directive">Archived</a> from the original on April 14, 2019. Retrieved April 14, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Docs&rft.atitle=using+directive+-+C%23+Reference&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdotnet%2Fcsharp%2Flanguage-reference%2Fkeywords%2Fusing-directive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBillWagner" class="citation web cs1">BillWagner. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/unsafe-code">"Unsafe code, pointers to data, and function pointers"</a>. Microsoft Learn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210704170809/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/unsafe-code">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2021. Retrieved June 20, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Learn&rft.atitle=Unsafe+code%2C+pointers+to+data%2C+and+function+pointers&rft.au=BillWagner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdotnet%2Fcsharp%2Flanguage-reference%2Funsafe-code&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/standard/exceptions/how-to-create-user-defined-exceptions">"How to create user-defined exceptions"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126131828/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/standard/exceptions/how-to-create-user-defined-exceptions">Archived</a> from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved September 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+to+create+user-defined+exceptions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdotnet%2Fstandard%2Fexceptions%2Fhow-to-create-user-defined-exceptions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/statements/exception-handling-statements">"Exception-handling statements, part of the official C# documentation"</a>. Microsoft Learn. April 22, 2023. Retrieved June 26, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Learn&rft.atitle=Exception-handling+statements%2C+part+of+the+official+C%23+documentation&rft.date=2023-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdotnet%2Fcsharp%2Flanguage-reference%2Fstatements%2Fexception-handling-statements&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVennersEckel2003" class="citation web cs1">Venners, Bill; Eckel, Bruce (August 18, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artima.com/intv/handcuffs.html">"The Trouble with Checked Exceptions"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150218200616/http://www.artima.com/intv/handcuffs.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 18, 2015. Retrieved March 30, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Trouble+with+Checked+Exceptions&rft.date=2003-08-18&rft.aulast=Venners&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft.au=Eckel%2C+Bruce&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.artima.com%2Fintv%2Fhandcuffs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBillWagner" class="citation web cs1">BillWagner. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/operators/operator-overloading">"Operator overloading - C# reference"</a>. Microsoft Learn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202405/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/operators/operator-overloading">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2021. Retrieved June 20, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Learn&rft.atitle=Operator+overloading+-+C%23+reference&rft.au=BillWagner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdotnet%2Fcsharp%2Flanguage-reference%2Foperators%2Foperator-overloading&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/language-specification/expressions#1264-overload-resolution">"Expressions/Overload resolution, part of the official C# documentation"</a>. Microsoft Learn. February 7, 2024. Retrieved April 7, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Learn&rft.atitle=Expressions%2FOverload+resolution%2C+part+of+the+official+C%23+documentation&rft.date=2024-02-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdotnet%2Fcsharp%2Flanguage-reference%2Flanguage-specification%2Fexpressions%231264-overload-resolution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/language-specification/types#841-general">"Types/Constructed Types, part of the official C# documentation"</a>. Microsoft Learn. Retrieved April 7, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Learn&rft.atitle=Types%2FConstructed+Types%2C+part+of+the+official+C%23+documentation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdotnet%2Fcsharp%2Flanguage-reference%2Flanguage-specification%2Ftypes%23841-general&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/language-specification/classes#1525-type-parameter-constraints">"Classes/Type Parameter constraints, part of the official C# documentation"</a>. Microsoft Learn. February 7, 2024. Retrieved April 7, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Learn&rft.atitle=Classes%2FType+Parameter+constraints%2C+part+of+the+official+C%23+documentation&rft.date=2024-02-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdotnet%2Fcsharp%2Flanguage-reference%2Flanguage-specification%2Fclasses%231525-type-parameter-constraints&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhangTengZhao2014" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Zhang, Xue Dong; Teng, Zi Mu; Zhao, Dong Wang (September 2014). "Research of the Database Access Technology Under.NET Framework". Applied Mechanics and Materials. 644–650: 3077–3080. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMM.644-650.3077">10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.644-650.3077</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:62201466">62201466</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/1565579768">1565579768</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Mechanics+and+Materials&rft.atitle=Research+of+the+Database+Access+Technology+Under.NET+Framework&rft.volume=644-650&rft.pages=3077-3080&rft.date=2014-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMM.644-650.3077&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A62201466%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Xue+Dong&rft.au=Teng%2C+Zi+Mu&rft.au=Zhao%2C+Dong+Wang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOtey2006" class="citation magazine cs1">Otey, Michael (February 2006). "LINQ to the Future". SQL Server Magazine. Vol. 8, no. 2. pp. 17–21. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/214859896">214859896</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SQL+Server+Magazine&rft.atitle=LINQ+to+the+Future&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=17-21&rft.date=2006-02&rft.aulast=Otey&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheldon2010" class="citation magazine cs1">Sheldon, William (November 2010). "New Features in LINQ". SQL Server Magazine. Vol. 12, no. 11. pp. 37–40. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/770609095">770609095</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SQL+Server+Magazine&rft.atitle=New+Features+in+LINQ&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=37-40&rft.date=2010-11&rft.aulast=Sheldon&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBillWagner2021" class="citation web cs1">BillWagner (September 15, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/programming-guide/concepts/linq/query-syntax-and-method-syntax-in-linq">"Query Syntax and Method Syntax in LINQ (C#)"</a>. learn.microsoft.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230523023209/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/programming-guide/concepts/linq/query-syntax-and-method-syntax-in-linq">Archived</a> from the original on May 23, 2023. Retrieved May 23, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=learn.microsoft.com&rft.atitle=Query+Syntax+and+Method+Syntax+in+LINQ+%28C%23%29&rft.date=2021-09-15&rft.au=BillWagner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdotnet%2Fcsharp%2Fprogramming-guide%2Fconcepts%2Flinq%2Fquery-syntax-and-method-syntax-in-linq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFerikdietrich2023" class="citation web cs1">erikdietrich (March 9, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/whats-new/csharp-version-history">"The history of C# - C# Guide"</a>. learn.microsoft.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230428185411/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/whats-new/csharp-version-history">Archived</a> from the original on April 28, 2023. Retrieved April 28, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=learn.microsoft.com&rft.atitle=The+history+of+C%23+-+C%23+Guide&rft.date=2023-03-09&rft.au=erikdietrich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdotnet%2Fcsharp%2Fwhats-new%2Fcsharp-version-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CLKZ7ZgVido">The functional journey of C# - Mads Torgersen - NDC Copenhagen 2022</a>, August 17, 2022, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230515042003/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CLKZ7ZgVido">archived</a> from the original on May 15, 2023, retrieved May 15, 2023</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+functional+journey+of+C%23+-+Mads+Torgersen+-+NDC+Copenhagen+2022&rft.date=2022-08-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DCLKZ7ZgVido&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://csharpindepth.com/Articles/Closures">"The Beauty of Closures"</a>. csharpindepth.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230519162434/https://csharpindepth.com/articles/Closures">Archived</a> from the original on May 19, 2023. Retrieved April 28, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=csharpindepth.com&rft.atitle=The+Beauty+of+Closures&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcsharpindepth.com%2FArticles%2FClosures&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BillWagner-105">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BillWagner_105-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BillWagner_105-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBillWagner" class="citation web cs1">BillWagner. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/programming-guide/statements-expressions-operators/anonymous-functions">"Anonymous functions - C# Programming Guide"</a>. Microsoft Learn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210415001944/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/programming-guide/statements-expressions-operators/anonymous-functions">Archived</a> from the original on April 15, 2021. Retrieved May 15, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Learn&rft.atitle=Anonymous+functions+-+C%23+Programming+Guide&rft.au=BillWagner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdotnet%2Fcsharp%2Fprogramming-guide%2Fstatements-expressions-operators%2Fanonymous-functions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-106">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_106-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_106-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_106-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/whats-new/csharp-7">"What's New in C# 7.0"</a>. Microsoft Docs. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806121012/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/whats-new/csharp-7">Archived</a> from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Docs&rft.atitle=What%27s+New+in+C%23+7.0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdotnet%2Fcsharp%2Fwhats-new%2Fcsharp-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/c-9-0-on-the-record/">"C# 9.0 on the record"</a>. .NET Blog. November 10, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515081243/https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/c-9-0-on-the-record/">Archived</a> from the original on May 15, 2021. Retrieved May 15, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=.NET+Blog&rft.atitle=C%23+9.0+on+the+record&rft.date=2020-11-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdevblogs.microsoft.com%2Fdotnet%2Fc-9-0-on-the-record%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBillWagner2022" class="citation web cs1">BillWagner (June 30, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/keywords/init">"init keyword - C# Reference"</a>. learn.microsoft.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230519193119/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/keywords/init">Archived</a> from the original on May 19, 2023. Retrieved May 19, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=learn.microsoft.com&rft.atitle=init+keyword+-+C%23+Reference&rft.date=2022-06-30&rft.au=BillWagner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdotnet%2Fcsharp%2Flanguage-reference%2Fkeywords%2Finit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/dotnet/roslyn/blob/ce2b2c7d31eb985d9a75bf967eb43eaa15ab7c68/docs/Language%20Feature%20Status.md">The .NET Compiler Platform</a>, .NET Platform, April 28, 2023, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230428185411/https://github.com/dotnet/roslyn/blob/ce2b2c7d31eb985d9a75bf967eb43eaa15ab7c68/docs/Language%20Feature%20Status.md">archived</a> from the original on April 28, 2023, retrieved April 28, 2023</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+.NET+Compiler+Platform&rft.pub=.NET+Platform&rft.date=2023-04-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fdotnet%2Froslyn%2Fblob%2Fce2b2c7d31eb985d9a75bf967eb43eaa15ab7c68%2Fdocs%2FLanguage%2520Feature%2520Status.md&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArcher2001-110">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArcher2001_110-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArcher2001_110-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArcher2001_110-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArcher2001_110-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFArcher2001">Archer 2001</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLippert2009" class="citation web cs1">Lippert, Eric (March 19, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ericlippert/archive/2009/03/19/representation-and-identity.aspx">"Representation and Identity"</a>. Fabulous Adventures In Coding. Blogs.msdn.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110712160124/http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ericlippert/archive/2009/03/19/representation-and-identity.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on July 12, 2011. Retrieved October 4, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fabulous+Adventures+In+Coding&rft.atitle=Representation+and+Identity&rft.date=2009-03-19&rft.aulast=Lippert&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.msdn.com%2Fb%2Fericlippert%2Farchive%2F2009%2F03%2F19%2Frepresentation-and-identity.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/standard/framework-libraries">"Framework Libraries"</a>. Microsoft Learn. April 19, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190714090806/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/standard/framework-libraries">Archived</a> from the original on July 14, 2019. Retrieved July 14, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Learn&rft.atitle=Framework+Libraries&rft.date=2023-04-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdotnet%2Fstandard%2Fframework-libraries&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBillWagner" class="citation web cs1">BillWagner. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/whats-new/csharp-9">"What's new in C# 9.0 - C# Guide"</a>. Microsoft Learn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200905125516/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/whats-new/csharp-9">Archived</a> from the original on September 5, 2020. Retrieved May 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Learn&rft.atitle=What%27s+new+in+C%23+9.0+-+C%23+Guide&rft.au=BillWagner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdotnet%2Fcsharp%2Fwhats-new%2Fcsharp-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBillWagner" class="citation web cs1">BillWagner. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/fundamentals/program-structure/main-command-line">"Main() and command-line arguments"</a>. Microsoft Learn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210805164526/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/fundamentals/program-structure/main-command-line">Archived</a> from the original on August 5, 2021. Retrieved August 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Learn&rft.atitle=Main%28%29+and+command-line+arguments&rft.au=BillWagner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdotnet%2Fcsharp%2Ffundamentals%2Fprogram-structure%2Fmain-command-line&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wirefuture.com/post/unlocking-the-power-of-c-generics-a-comprehensive-guide">"Unlocking the Power of C# Generics: A Comprehensive Guide"</a>. April 24, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unlocking+the+Power+of+C%23+Generics%3A+A+Comprehensive+Guide&rft.date=2024-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwirefuture.com%2Fpost%2Funlocking-the-power-of-c-generics-a-comprehensive-guide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecifications/dn646765">"Patent Pledge for Open Source Developers"</a>. March 16, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171207123732/https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecifications/dn646765">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2017. Retrieved October 28, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Patent+Pledge+for+Open+Source+Developers&rft.date=2023-03-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmsdn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fopenspecifications%2Fdn646765&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090517140252/http://www.microsoft.com/interop/msnovellcollab/patent_agreement.mspx">"Patent Cooperation Agreement - Microsoft & Novell Interoperability Collaboration"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. November 2, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.microsoft.com/interop/msnovellcollab/patent_agreement.mspx">the original</a> on May 17, 2009. Retrieved July 5, 2009. <q>Microsoft, on behalf of itself and its Subsidiaries (collectively "Microsoft"), hereby covenants not to sue Novell's Customers and Novell's Subsidiaries' Customers for infringement under Covered Patents of Microsoft on account of such a Customer's use of specific copies of a Covered Product as distributed by Novell or its Subsidiaries (collectively "Novell") for which Novell has received Revenue (directly or indirectly) for such specific copies; provided the foregoing covenant is limited to use by such Customer (i) of such specific copies that are authorized by Novell in consideration for such Revenue, and (ii) within the scope authorized by Novell in consideration for such Revenue.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Patent+Cooperation+Agreement+-+Microsoft+%26+Novell+Interoperability+Collaboration&rft.pub=Microsoft&rft.date=2006-11-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Finterop%2Fmsnovellcollab%2Fpatent_agreement.mspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.microsoft.com/interop/msnovellcollab/definitions2.aspx">"Definitions"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. November 2, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121104185826/http://www.microsoft.com/interop/msnovellcollab/definitions2.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on November 4, 2012. Retrieved July 5, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Definitions&rft.pub=Microsoft&rft.date=2006-11-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Finterop%2Fmsnovellcollab%2Fdefinitions2.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteinman2006" class="citation web cs1">Steinman, Justin (November 7, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.novell.com/linux/microsoft/faq_opensource.html">"Novell Answers Questions from the Community"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130716165922/https://www.suse.com/company/press/2011/7/microsoft-and-suse-renew-successful-interoperability-agreement.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 16, 2013. Retrieved July 5, 2009. <q>We maintain that Mono does not infringe any Microsoft patents.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Novell+Answers+Questions+from+the+Community&rft.date=2006-11-07&rft.aulast=Steinman&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.novell.com%2Flinux%2Fmicrosoft%2Ffaq_opensource.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MsCovenant-120"><a href="#cite_ref-MsCovenant_120-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100923213336/http://www.microsoft.com/interop/msnovellcollab/moonlight.mspx">"Covenant to Downstream Recipients of Moonlight - Microsoft & Novell Interoperability Collaboration"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. September 28, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.microsoft.com/interop/msnovellcollab/moonlight.mspx">the original</a> on September 23, 2010. Retrieved March 8, 2008. <q>"Downstream Recipient" means an entity or individual that uses for its intended purpose a Moonlight Implementation obtained directly from Novell or through an Intermediate Recipient... Microsoft reserves the right to update (including discontinue) the foregoing covenant... "Moonlight Implementation" means only those specific portions of Moonlight 1.0 or Moonlight 1.1 that run only as a plug-in to a browser on a Personal Computer and are not licensed under GPLv3 or a Similar License.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Covenant+to+Downstream+Recipients+of+Moonlight+-+Microsoft+%26+Novell+Interoperability+Collaboration&rft.pub=Microsoft&rft.date=2007-09-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Finterop%2Fmsnovellcollab%2Fmoonlight.mspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bruce-121">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bruce_121-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bruce_121-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/the-ryujit-transition-is-complete/">"The RyuJIT transition is complete!"</a>. microsoft.com. June 19, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190719034140/https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/the-ryujit-transition-is-complete/">Archived</a> from the original on July 19, 2019. Retrieved July 20, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=microsoft.com&rft.atitle=The+RyuJIT+transition+is+complete%21&rft.date=2018-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdevblogs.microsoft.com%2Fdotnet%2Fthe-ryujit-transition-is-complete%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/standard/managed-execution-process">"Managed Execution Process"</a>. microsoft.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171223005925/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/standard/managed-execution-process">Archived</a> from the original on December 23, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=microsoft.com&rft.atitle=Managed+Execution+Process&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdotnet%2Fstandard%2Fmanaged-execution-process&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/dotnet/coreclr/tree/master/src/jit">"coreclr/src/jit/"</a>. github.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109215901/https://github.com/dotnet/coreclr/tree/master/src/jit">Archived</a> from the original on January 9, 2019. Retrieved July 20, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=github.com&rft.atitle=coreclr%2Fsrc%2Fjit%2F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fdotnet%2Fcoreclr%2Ftree%2Fmaster%2Fsrc%2Fjit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/">"C# Guide"</a>. Microsoft Learn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220813004950/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/">Archived</a> from the original on August 13, 2022. Retrieved July 28, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Learn&rft.atitle=C%23+Guide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdotnet%2Fcsharp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dotnet.microsoft.com/download/dotnet/5.0">"5.0.8"</a>. microsoft.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200423133947/https://dotnet.microsoft.com/download/dotnet/5.0">Archived</a> from the original on April 23, 2020. Retrieved July 20, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=microsoft.com&rft.atitle=5.0.8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdotnet.microsoft.com%2Fdownload%2Fdotnet%2F5.0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/framework/migration-guide/mitigation-new-64-bit-jit-compiler">"Mitigation: New 64-bit JIT Compiler"</a>. microsoft.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180405142913/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/framework/migration-guide/mitigation-new-64-bit-jit-compiler">Archived</a> from the original on April 5, 2018. Retrieved July 20, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=microsoft.com&rft.atitle=Mitigation%3A+New+64-bit+JIT+Compiler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdotnet%2Fframework%2Fmigration-guide%2Fmitigation-new-64-bit-jit-compiler&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEtcheverry2017" class="citation news cs1">Etcheverry, Ignacio (October 21, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://godotengine.org/article/introducing-csharp-godot">"Introducing C# in Godot"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Godot_(game_engine)" title="Godot (game engine)">Godot Engine</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181026084022/https://godotengine.org/article/introducing-csharp-godot">Archived</a> from the original on October 26, 2018. Retrieved October 26, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Godot+Engine&rft.atitle=Introducing+C%23+in+Godot&rft.date=2017-10-21&rft.aulast=Etcheverry&rft.aufirst=Ignacio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgodotengine.org%2Farticle%2Fintroducing-csharp-godot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbahari2022" class="citation book cs1">Albahari, Joseph (2022). C# 10 in a Nutshell (First ed.). O'Reilly. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-098-12195-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-098-12195-2"><bdi>978-1-098-12195-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=C%23+10+in+a+Nutshell&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=O%27Reilly&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-098-12195-2&rft.aulast=Albahari&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArcher2001" class="citation book cs1">Archer, Tom (2001). "Part 2, Chapter 4: The Type System". Inside C#. Redmond, Washington: Microsoft Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7356-1288-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7356-1288-9"><bdi>0-7356-1288-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Part+2%2C+Chapter+4%3A+The+Type+System&rft.btitle=Inside+C%23&rft.place=Redmond%2C+Washington&rft.pub=Microsoft+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-7356-1288-9&rft.aulast=Archer&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNovákVelvartGraniczBalássy2010" class="citation book cs1">Novák, István; Velvart, Andras; Granicz, Adam; Balássy, György; Hajdrik, Attila; Sellers, Mitchel; Hillar, Gastón C.; Molnár, Ágnes; Kanjilal, Joydip (2010). Visual Studio 2010 and .NET 4 Six-in-One. Wrox Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0470499481" title="Special:BookSources/978-0470499481"><bdi>978-0470499481</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Visual+Studio+2010+and+.NET+4+Six-in-One&rft.pub=Wrox+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0470499481&rft.aulast=Nov%C3%A1k&rft.aufirst=Istv%C3%A1n&rft.au=Velvart%2C+Andras&rft.au=Granicz%2C+Adam&rft.au=Bal%C3%A1ssy%2C+Gy%C3%B6rgy&rft.au=Hajdrik%2C+Attila&rft.au=Sellers%2C+Mitchel&rft.au=Hillar%2C+Gast%C3%B3n+C.&rft.au=Moln%C3%A1r%2C+%C3%81gnes&rft.au=Kanjilal%2C+Joydip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkeet2019" class="citation book cs1">Skeet, Jon (2019). C# in Depth (Fourth ed.). Manning. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1617294532" title="Special:BookSources/978-1617294532"><bdi>978-1617294532</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=C%23+in+Depth&rft.edition=Fourth&rft.pub=Manning&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1617294532&rft.aulast=Skeet&rft.aufirst=Jon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDraytonAlbahariNeward2002" class="citation book cs1">Drayton, Peter; Albahari, Ben; Neward, Ted (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/clanguagepocketr00pete">C# Language Pocket Reference</a>. O'Reilly. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-596-00429-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-596-00429-X"><bdi>0-596-00429-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=C%23+Language+Pocket+Reference&rft.pub=O%27Reilly&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-596-00429-X&rft.aulast=Drayton&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Albahari%2C+Ben&rft.au=Neward%2C+Ted&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fclanguagepocketr00pete&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetzold2002" class="citation book cs1">Petzold, Charles (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780735613706">Programming Microsoft Windows with C#</a>. Microsoft Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7356-1370-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7356-1370-2"><bdi>0-7356-1370-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Programming+Microsoft+Windows+with+C%23&rft.pub=Microsoft+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-7356-1370-2&rft.aulast=Petzold&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780735613706&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC+Sharp+%28programming+language%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/language-specification/introduction">C# Language Specification</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/programming-guide/">C# Programming Guide</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/c075178_ISO_IEC_23270_2018.zip">ISO C# Language Specification</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/dotnet/roslyn">C# Compiler Platform ("Roslyn") source code</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Common_Language_Infrastructure" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Template:Common Language Infrastructure"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Template talk:Common Language Infrastructure"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Common Language Infrastructure"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Common_Language_Infrastructure" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Common Language Infrastructure">Common Language Infrastructure</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Architecture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Application_domain" title="Application domain">Application domain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_Access_Security" title="Code Access Security">Code Access Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Intermediate_Language" title="Common Intermediate Language">Common Intermediate Language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_CIL_instructions" title="List of CIL instructions">instructions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Type_System" title="Common Type System">Common Type System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_Invocation_Services" title="Platform Invocation Services">Platform Invocation Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_Execution_System" title="Virtual Execution System">Virtual Execution System</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_(CLI)" title="Assembly (CLI)">Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delegate_(CLI)" title="Delegate (CLI)">Delegate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Assembly_Cache" title="Global Assembly Cache">Global Assembly Cache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifest_(CLI)" title="Manifest (CLI)">Manifest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metadata_(CLI)" title="Metadata (CLI)">Metadata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Libraries_(CLI)" title="Standard Libraries (CLI)">Standard Libraries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implementations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Microsoft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.NET" title=".NET">.NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET Framework</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.NET_Compact_Framework" title=".NET Compact Framework">.NET Compact Framework</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.NET_Micro_Framework" title=".NET Micro Framework">.NET Micro Framework</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mono_(software)" title="Mono (software)">Mono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DotGNU" title="DotGNU">DotGNU</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_CLI_languages" title="List of CLI languages">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">C#</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Basic .NET">Visual Basic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="F Sharp (programming language)">F#</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerShell" title="PowerShell">PowerShell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axum_(programming_language)" title="Axum (programming language)">Axum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Sharp_(.NET)" title="A Sharp (.NET)">A#</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boo_(programming_language)" title="Boo (programming language)">Boo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobra_(programming_language)" title="Cobra (programming language)">Cobra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B/CLI" title="C++/CLI">C++/CLI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IronScheme" title="IronScheme">IronScheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IronPython" title="IronPython">IronPython</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IronRuby" title="IronRuby">IronRuby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JScript_.NET" title="JScript .NET">JScript .NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_J_Sharp" title="Visual J Sharp">J#</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemerle" title="Nemerle">Nemerle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygene_(programming_language)" title="Oxygene (programming language)">Oxygene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phalanger_(compiler)" title="Phalanger (compiler)">Phalanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q_Sharp" title="Q Sharp">Q#</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scala_(programming_language)" title="Scala (programming language)">Scala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Small_Basic" title="Microsoft Small Basic">Small Basic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparison</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_C_Sharp_and_Java" title="Comparison of C Sharp and Java">C# and Java</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_C_Sharp_and_Visual_Basic_.NET" title="Comparison of C Sharp and Visual Basic .NET">C# and Visual Basic .NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Visual_Basic_and_Visual_Basic_.NET" title="Comparison of Visual Basic and Visual Basic .NET">Visual Basic and Visual Basic .NET</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Microsoft_free_and_open-source_software_(FOSS)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Microsoft_FOSS" title="Template:Microsoft FOSS"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Microsoft_FOSS" title="Template talk:Microsoft FOSS"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Microsoft_FOSS" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Microsoft FOSS"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Microsoft_free_and_open-source_software_(FOSS)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> <a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">free and open-source software (FOSS)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_and_open_source" title="Microsoft and open source">Microsoft and open source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shared_Source_Initiative" title="Shared Source Initiative">Shared Source Initiative</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_Movie_Maker" title="3D Movie Maker">3D Movie Maker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atom_(text_editor)" title="Atom (text editor)">Atom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conference_XP" title="Conference XP">Conference XP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family.Show" title="Family.Show">Family.Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Manager_(Windows)" class="mw-redirect" title="File Manager (Windows)">File Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Live_Writer" title="Open Live Writer">Open Live Writer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_PowerToys" title="Microsoft PowerToys">Microsoft PowerToys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Terminal" title="Windows Terminal">Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Calculator" title="Windows Calculator">Windows Calculator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Console" title="Windows Console">Windows Console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Package_Manager" title="Windows Package Manager">Windows Package Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WorldWide_Telescope" title="WorldWide Telescope">WorldWide Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Notepad" title="XML Notepad">XML Notepad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegiance_(video_game)" title="Allegiance (video game)">Allegiance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Programming languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosque_(programming_language)" title="Bosque (programming language)">Bosque</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">C#</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dafny" title="Dafny">Dafny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="F Sharp (programming language)">F#</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F*_(programming_language)" title="F* (programming language)">F*</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GW-BASIC" title="GW-BASIC">GW-BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IronPython" title="IronPython">IronPython</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IronRuby" title="IronRuby">IronRuby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lean_(proof_assistant)" title="Lean (proof assistant)">Lean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P_(programming_language)" title="P (programming language)">P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Power_Fx" title="Microsoft Power Fx">Power Fx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerShell" title="PowerShell">PowerShell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Verona" title="Project Verona">Project Verona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q_Sharp" title="Q Sharp">Q#</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Small_Basic" title="Microsoft Small Basic">Small Basic Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TypeScript" title="TypeScript">TypeScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Basic .NET">Visual Basic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frameworks, development tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.NET" title=".NET">.NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET Framework</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.NET_Gadgeteer" title=".NET Gadgeteer">.NET Gadgeteer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.NET_MAUI" class="mw-redirect" title=".NET MAUI">.NET MAUI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.NET_Micro_Framework" title=".NET Micro Framework">.NET Micro Framework</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AirSim" title="AirSim">AirSim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASP.NET" title="ASP.NET">ASP.NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASP.NET_AJAX" title="ASP.NET AJAX">ASP.NET AJAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASP.NET_Core" title="ASP.NET Core">ASP.NET Core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASP.NET_MVC" title="ASP.NET MVC">ASP.NET MVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASP.NET_Razor" title="ASP.NET Razor">ASP.NET Razor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASP.NET_Web_Forms" title="ASP.NET Web Forms">ASP.NET Web Forms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avalonia_(software_framework)" title="Avalonia (software framework)">Avalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylon.js" title="Babylon.js">Babylon.js</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitFunnel" title="BitFunnel">BitFunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blazor" title="Blazor">Blazor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B/WinRT" title="C++/WinRT">C++/WinRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confidential_Consortium_Framework" title="Confidential Consortium Framework">CCF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakra_(JavaScript_engine)" title="Chakra (JavaScript engine)">ChakraCore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLR_Profiler" title="CLR Profiler">CLR Profiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dapr" title="Dapr">Dapr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeepSpeed" title="DeepSpeed">DeepSpeed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DiskSpd" title="DiskSpd">DiskSpd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dryad_(programming)" title="Dryad (programming)">Dryad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Language_Runtime" title="Dynamic Language Runtime">Dynamic Language Runtime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EBPF_on_Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="EBPF on Windows">eBPF on Windows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electron_(software_framework)" title="Electron (software framework)">Electron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entity_Framework" title="Entity Framework">Entity Framework</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluent_Design_System" title="Fluent Design System">Fluent Design System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluid_Framework" title="Fluid Framework">Fluid Framework</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infer.NET" title="Infer.NET">Infer.NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LightGBM" title="LightGBM">LightGBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Managed_Extensibility_Framework" title="Managed Extensibility Framework">Managed Extensibility Framework</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Automatic_Graph_Layout" title="Microsoft Automatic Graph Layout">Microsoft Automatic Graph Layout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_C%2B%2B_Standard_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft C++ Standard Library">Microsoft C++ Standard Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Cognitive_Toolkit" title="Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit">Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_(design_language)" title="Metro (design language)">Microsoft Design Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Detours" title="Microsoft Detours">Microsoft Detours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Enterprise_Library" title="Microsoft Enterprise Library">Microsoft Enterprise Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_SEAL" title="Microsoft SEAL">Microsoft SEAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimalloc" title="Mimalloc">mimalloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_Reality_Toolkit" title="Mixed Reality Toolkit">Mixed Reality Toolkit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ML.NET" title="ML.NET">ML.NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_mono" title="Mod mono">mod_mono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mono_(software)" title="Mono (software)">Mono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MonoDevelop" title="MonoDevelop">MonoDevelop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSBuild" title="MSBuild">MSBuild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MsQuic" title="MsQuic">MsQuic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neural_Network_Intelligence" title="Neural Network Intelligence">Neural Network Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Npm" title="Npm">npm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NuGet" title="NuGet">NuGet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OneFuzz" title="OneFuzz">OneFuzz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Management_Infrastructure" title="Open Management Infrastructure">Open Management Infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Neural_Network_Exchange" title="Open Neural Network Exchange">Open Neural Network Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Service_Mesh" title="Open Service Mesh">Open Service Mesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_XML_SDK" class="mw-redirect" title="Open XML SDK">Open XML SDK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orleans_(software_framework)" title="Orleans (software framework)">Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playwright_(software)" title="Playwright (software)">Playwright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProcDump" title="ProcDump">ProcDump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_Monitor" title="Process Monitor">ProcMon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Python_Tools_for_Visual_Studio" title="Python Tools for Visual Studio">Python Tools for Visual Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R_Tools_for_Visual_Studio" title="R Tools for Visual Studio">R Tools for Visual Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RecursiveExtractor" class="mw-redirect" title="RecursiveExtractor">RecursiveExtractor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roslyn_(compiler)" title="Roslyn (compiler)">Roslyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandcastle_(software)" title="Sandcastle (software)">Sandcastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SignalR" title="SignalR">SignalR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StyleCop" title="StyleCop">StyleCop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SVNBridge" title="SVNBridge">SVNBridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T2_Temporal_Prover" title="T2 Temporal Prover">T2 Temporal Prover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Text_Template_Transformation_Toolkit" title="Text Template Transformation Toolkit">Text Template Transformation Toolkit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLA%2B_Toolbox" class="mw-redirect" title="TLA+ Toolbox">TLA+ Toolbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U-Prove" title="U-Prove">U-Prove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vcpkg" title="Vcpkg">vcpkg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_File_System_for_Git" title="Virtual File System for Git">Virtual File System for Git</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voldemort_(distributed_data_store)" title="Voldemort (distributed data store)">Voldemort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VoTT" title="VoTT">VoTT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vowpal_Wabbit" title="Vowpal Wabbit">Vowpal Wabbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_App_SDK" title="Windows App SDK">Windows App SDK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Communication_Foundation" title="Windows Communication Foundation">Windows Communication Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Driver_Frameworks" title="Windows Driver Frameworks">Windows Driver Frameworks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kernel-Mode_Driver_Framework" title="Kernel-Mode Driver Framework">KMDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User-Mode_Driver_Framework" title="User-Mode Driver Framework">UMDF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Forms" title="Windows Forms">Windows Forms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Presentation_Foundation" title="Windows Presentation Foundation">Windows Presentation Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Template_Library" title="Windows Template Library">Windows Template Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_UI_Library" title="Windows UI Library">Windows UI Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinJS" title="WinJS">WinJS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinObjC" class="mw-redirect" title="WinObjC">WinObjC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WiX" title="WiX">WiX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XDP_for_Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="XDP for Windows">XDP for Windows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XSP_(software)" title="XSP (software)">XSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XUnit.net" title="XUnit.net">xUnit.net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z3_Theorem_Prover" title="Z3 Theorem Prover">Z3 Theorem Prover</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operating systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a> (v1.25, v2.0 & v4.0)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrelfish_(operating_system)" title="Barrelfish (operating system)">Barrelfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SONiC_(operating_system)" title="SONiC (operating system)">SONiC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azure_Linux" title="Azure Linux">Azure Linux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ChronoZoom" title="ChronoZoom">ChronoZoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_Storage_Engine" title="Extensible Storage Engine">Extensible Storage Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FlexWiki" class="mw-redirect" title="FlexWiki">FlexWiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FourQ" title="FourQ">FourQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gollum_(software)" title="Gollum (software)">Gollum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Mu" class="mw-redirect" title="Project Mu">Project Mu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ReactiveX" title="ReactiveX">ReactiveX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SILK" title="SILK">SILK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLAPS" class="mw-redirect" title="TLAPS">TLAPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TPM_2.0_Reference_Implementation" class="mw-redirect" title="TPM 2.0 Reference Implementation">TPM 2.0 Reference Implementation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WikiBhasha" title="WikiBhasha">WikiBhasha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Open-source_license" title="Open-source license">Licenses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Public_License" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Public License">Microsoft Public License</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Reciprocal_License" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Reciprocal License">Microsoft Reciprocal License</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Forge_(software)" title="Forge (software)">Forges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CodePlex" title="CodePlex">CodePlex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.NET_Foundation" title=".NET Foundation">.NET Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F_Sharp_Software_Foundation" title="F Sharp Software Foundation">F# Software Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Open_Specification_Promise" title="Microsoft Open Specification Promise">Microsoft Open Specification Promise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Letter_to_Hobbyists" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Letter to Hobbyists">Open Letter to Hobbyists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Source_Security_Foundation" title="Open Source Security Foundation">Open Source Security Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outercurve_Foundation" title="Outercurve Foundation">Outercurve Foundation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Microsoft_free_software" title="Category:Microsoft free software">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Standards_of_Ecma_International" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ecma_International_Standards" title="Template:Ecma International Standards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ecma_International_Standards" title="Template talk:Ecma International Standards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ecma_International_Standards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ecma International Standards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Standards_of_Ecma_International" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Standards of <a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">Ecma International</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Application interfaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_code" title="ANSI escape code">ANSI escape code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Application_Programming_Interface_for_Windows" title="Application Programming Interface for Windows">APIW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Common Language Infrastructure">Common Language Infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_Open_XML" title="Office Open XML">Office Open XML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_XML_Paper_Specification" title="Open XML Paper Specification">OpenXPS</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Ecma_International_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Ecma_International_Logo.svg/100px-Ecma_International_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Ecma_International_Logo.svg/150px-Ecma_International_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Ecma_International_Logo.svg/200px-Ecma_International_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="201" data-file-height="54" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">File systems (tape)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Intelligent_Tape" title="Advanced Intelligent Tape">Advanced Intelligent Tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Data_Storage" title="Digital Data Storage">DDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Linear_Tape" title="Digital Linear Tape">DLT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Linear_Tape" title="Digital Linear Tape">Super DLT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Tape-Open" title="Linear Tape-Open">Linear Tape-Open</a> (Ultrium-1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VXA" title="VXA">VXA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">File systems (disk)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9660" title="ISO 9660">CD File System</a> (CDFS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">FAT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FAT12" class="mw-redirect" title="FAT12">FAT12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FAT16" class="mw-redirect" title="FAT16">FAT16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FAT16B" class="mw-redirect" title="FAT16B">FAT16B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">FD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Disk_Format" title="Universal Disk Format">UDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_Density_Optical" title="Ultra Density Optical">Ultra Density Optical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Media_Disc" title="Universal Media Disc">Universal Media Disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holographic_Versatile_Disc" title="Holographic Versatile Disc">Holographic Versatile Disc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Graphics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_3D" title="Universal 3D">Universal 3D</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Programming languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B/CLI" title="C++/CLI">C++/CLI</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">C#</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eiffel_(programming_language)" title="Eiffel (programming language)">Eiffel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> (<a href="/wiki/ECMAScript_for_XML" title="ECMAScript for XML">E4X</a>, <a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">ECMAScript</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dart_(programming_language)" title="Dart (programming language)">Dart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimal_BASIC" title="Minimal BASIC">Minimal BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_BASIC" title="Full BASIC">Full BASIC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio link interfaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Near-field_communication" title="Near-field communication">NFC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-wideband" title="Ultra-wideband">UWB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022" title="ISO/IEC 2022">ECMA-35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSON" title="JSON">JSON</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ecma_standards" title="List of Ecma standards">List of Ecma standards</a> (1961 – present)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="ISO_standards_by_standard_number" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:ISO_standards" title="Template:ISO standards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ISO_standards" title="Template talk:ISO standards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:ISO_standards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:ISO standards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="ISO_standards_by_standard_number" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a> standards by standard number</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>List of <a href="/wiki/List_of_ISO_standards" title="List of ISO standards">ISO standards</a> – <a href="/wiki/List_of_ISO_romanizations" title="List of ISO romanizations">ISO romanizations</a> – <a href="/wiki/List_of_IEC_standards" title="List of IEC standards">IEC standards</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1–9999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1" title="ISO 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2" title="ISO 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renard_series" title="Renard series">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4" title="ISO 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Standard_Pipe" title="British Standard Pipe">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9" title="ISO 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A440_(pitch_standard)" title="A440 (pitch standard)">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renard_series" title="Renard series">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31" title="ISO 31">31</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-0" title="ISO 31-0">-0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-1" title="ISO 31-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-3" title="ISO 31-3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-4" title="ISO 31-4">-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-5" title="ISO 31-5">-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-6" title="ISO 31-6">-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-7" title="ISO 31-7">-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-8" title="ISO 31-8">-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-9" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 31-9">-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-10" title="ISO 31-10">-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-11" title="ISO 31-11">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-12" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 31-12">-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-13" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 31-13">-13</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_metric_screw_thread" title="ISO metric screw thread">68-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_128" title="ISO 128">128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_216" title="ISO 216">216</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_217" title="ISO 217">217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal-loudness_contour" title="Equal-loudness contour">226</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Standard_Pipe" title="British Standard Pipe">228</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_233" title="ISO 233">233</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_259" title="ISO 259">259</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_metric_screw_thread" title="ISO metric screw thread">261</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_metric_screw_thread" title="ISO metric screw thread">262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_number" title="Kappa number">302</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicat_softening_point" title="Vicat softening point">306</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazard_symbol#Ionizing_radiation_symbol" title="Hazard symbol">361</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_take-off" title="Power take-off">500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_shoe" title="Hot shoe">518</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prontor-Compur" title="Prontor-Compur">519</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">639</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-5" title="ISO 639-5">-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-6" title="ISO 639-6">-6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_657" title="ISO 657">657</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_668" title="ISO 668">668</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_690" title="ISO 690">690</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_704" title="ISO 704">704</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_732" title="ISO 732">732</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimagnetic_watch" title="Antimagnetic watch">764</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hole_punch" title="Hole punch">838</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_843" title="ISO 843">843</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_860" title="ISO 860">860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_898" title="ISO 898">898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_965" title="ISO 965">965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_999" title="ISO 999">999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1000" title="ISO 1000">1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_ink_character_recognition" title="Magnetic ink character recognition">1004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/135_film" title="135 film">1007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OCR-A" title="OCR-A">1073-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OCR-B" title="OCR-B">1073-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longitudinal_redundancy_check" title="Longitudinal redundancy check">1155</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock-resistant_watch#ISO_1413_shock-resistant_standard" title="Shock-resistant watch">1413</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_60" title="ALGOL 60">1538</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1629" title="ISO 1629">1629</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1745" title="ISO 1745">1745</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2014" title="ISO 2014">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2015" title="ISO 2015">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022" title="ISO/IEC 2022">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2033" title="ISO 2033">2033</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2047" title="ISO 2047">2047</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">2108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2145" title="ISO 2145">2145</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2146" title="ISO 2146">2146</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">2240</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Resistant_mark" title="Water Resistant mark">2281</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Atmosphere" title="International Standard Atmosphere">2533</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2709" title="ISO 2709">2709</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2711" title="ISO 2711">2711</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">2720</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2788" title="ISO 2788">2788</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2848" title="ISO 2848">2848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2852" title="ISO 2852">2852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2921" title="ISO 2921">2921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/126_film" title="126 film">3029</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3103" title="ISO 3103">3103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">3166</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-1" title="ISO 3166-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2" title="ISO 3166-2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-3" title="ISO 3166-3">-3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">3297</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3307" title="ISO 3307">3307</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-ring" title="O-ring">3601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunrei-shiki_romanization" title="Kunrei-shiki romanization">3602</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3864" title="ISO 3864">3864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Recording_Code" title="International Standard Recording Code">3901</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FDI_World_Dental_Federation_notation" title="FDI World Dental Federation notation">3950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3977" title="ISO 3977">3977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4031" title="ISO 4031">4031</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4157" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 4157">4157</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4165" title="ISO 4165">4165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">4217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_4909" title="ISO/IEC 4909">4909</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_5218" title="ISO/IEC 5218">5218</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5426" title="ISO 5426">5426</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5427" title="ISO 5427">5427</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5428" title="ISO 5428">5428</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accuracy_and_precision" title="Accuracy and precision">5725</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5775" title="ISO 5775">5775</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5776" title="ISO 5776">5776</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">5800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowchart" title="Flowchart">5807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5964" title="ISO 5964">5964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Securities_Identification_Number" title="International Securities Identification Number">6166</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6344" title="ISO 6344">6344</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6346" title="ISO 6346">6346</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimal_BASIC" title="Minimal BASIC">6373</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6385" title="ISO 6385">6385</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Resistant_mark" title="Water Resistant mark">6425</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_code" title="ANSI escape code">6429</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6438" title="ISO 6438">6438</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_6523" title="ISO/IEC 6523">6523</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6709" title="ISO 6709">6709</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6943" title="ISO 6943">6943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7001" title="ISO 7001">7001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7002" title="ISO 7002">7002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7010" title="ISO 7010">7010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7027" title="ISO 7027">7027</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7064" title="ISO/IEC 7064">7064</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">7098</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)" title="Pascal (programming language)">7185</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7200" title="ISO 7200">7200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSI_model" title="OSI model">7498</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OSI_model" title="OSI model">-1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7637" title="ISO 7637">7637</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7736" title="ISO 7736">7736</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7810" title="ISO/IEC 7810">7810</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7811" title="ISO/IEC 7811">7811</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7812" title="ISO/IEC 7812">7812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7813" title="ISO/IEC 7813">7813</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7816" title="ISO/IEC 7816">7816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_Kernel_System" title="Graphical Kernel System">7942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8000" title="ISO 8000">8000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-board_diagnostics" title="On-board diagnostics">8093</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8178" title="ISO 8178">8178</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_oil" title="Fuel oil">8217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8373" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8373">8373</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8501-1" title="ISO 8501-1">8501-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FTAM" title="FTAM">8571</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8583" title="ISO 8583">8583</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8601" title="ISO 8601">8601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Document_Architecture" title="Open Document Architecture">8613</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Graphics_Metafile" title="Computer Graphics Metafile">8632</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_Kernel_System" title="Graphical Kernel System">8651</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8652" title="ISO/IEC 8652">8652</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8691" title="ISO 8691">8691</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_Kernel_System" title="Graphical Kernel System">8805/8806</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_Of_Temporal_Ordering_Specification" class="mw-redirect" title="Language Of Temporal Ordering Specification">8807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuse_(automotive)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuse (automotive)">8820-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">8859</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1" title="ISO/IEC 8859-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-2" title="ISO/IEC 8859-2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-3" title="ISO/IEC 8859-3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-4" title="ISO/IEC 8859-4">-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-5" title="ISO/IEC 8859-5">-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-6" title="ISO/IEC 8859-6">-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-7" title="ISO/IEC 8859-7">-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-8" title="ISO/IEC 8859-8">-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-8859-8-I" title="ISO-8859-8-I">-8-I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-9" title="ISO/IEC 8859-9">-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-10" title="ISO/IEC 8859-10">-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-11" title="ISO/IEC 8859-11">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-12" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 8859-12">-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-13" title="ISO/IEC 8859-13">-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-14" title="ISO/IEC 8859-14">-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-15" title="ISO/IEC 8859-15">-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-16" title="ISO/IEC 8859-16">-16</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Generalized_Markup_Language" title="Standard Generalized Markup Language">8879</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9000" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 9000">9000/9001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASMO_449" title="ASMO 449">9036</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQL" title="SQL">9075</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9126" title="ISO/IEC 9126">9126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-board_diagnostics" title="On-board diagnostics">9141</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_spray_test" title="Salt spray test">9227</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9241" title="ISO 9241">9241</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">9293</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber_Distributed_Data_Interface" title="Fiber Distributed Data Interface">9314</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9362" title="ISO 9362">9362</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoe_size" title="Shoe size">9407</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHILL" title="CHILL">9496</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_Message_Specification" title="Manufacturing Message Specification">9506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9529" title="ISO/IEC 9529">9529</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9564" title="ISO 9564">9564</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHIGS" title="PHIGS">9592/9593</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X.500" title="X.500">9594</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9660" title="ISO 9660">9660</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9797-1" title="ISO/IEC 9797-1">9797-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9897" title="ISO 9897">9897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_C" title="ANSI C">9899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POSIX" title="POSIX">9945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Georgian" title="Romanization of Georgian">9984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Armenian" title="Romanization of Armenian">9985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9995" title="ISO/IEC 9995">9995</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10000–19999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10006" title="ISO 10006">10006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10007" title="ISO 10007">10007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10116" title="ISO/IEC 10116">10116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whirlpool_(hash_function)" title="Whirlpool (hash function)">10118-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10160" title="ISO 10160">10160</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10161" title="ISO 10161">10161</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guidelines_for_the_Definition_of_Managed_Objects" title="Guidelines for the Definition of Managed Objects">10165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_Style_Semantics_and_Specification_Language" title="Document Style Semantics and Specification Language">10179</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)#ISO/IEC_10206:1990_Extended_Pascal" title="Pascal (programming language)">10206</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10218" title="ISO 10218">10218</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_BASIC" title="Full BASIC">10279</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303" title="ISO 10303">10303</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EXPRESS_(data_modeling_language)" title="EXPRESS (data modeling language)">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303-21" title="ISO 10303-21">-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303-22" title="ISO 10303-22">-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303-28" title="ISO 10303-28">-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEP-NC" title="STEP-NC">-238</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_Identifier_Code" title="Market Identifier Code">10383</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ArmSCII" title="ArmSCII">10585</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IS-IS" title="IS-IS">10589</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10628" title="ISO 10628">10628</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Coded_Character_Set" title="Universal Coded Character Set">10646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torx" title="Torx">10664</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RM-ODP" title="RM-ODP">10746</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multibus" title="Multibus">10861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Music_Number" title="International Standard Music Number">10957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10962" title="ISO 10962">10962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10967" title="ISO/IEC 10967">10967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEEE_11073" title="ISO/IEEE 11073">11073</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11170" title="ISO 11170">11170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1" title="MPEG-1">11172</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11179" title="ISO/IEC 11179">11179</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11404" title="ISO/IEC 11404">11404</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG" title="JBIG">11544</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11783" title="ISO 11783">11783</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11784_and_ISO_11785" title="ISO 11784 and ISO 11785">11784</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11784_and_ISO_11785" title="ISO 11784 and ISO 11785">11785</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11801" title="ISO/IEC 11801">11801</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trusted_Platform_Module" title="Trusted Platform Module">11889</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAN_bus#CAN_lower-layer_standards" title="CAN bus">11898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11940" title="ISO 11940">11940</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_11940-2" title="ISO 11940-2">-2</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/TR_11941" title="ISO/TR 11941">11941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/TR_11941" title="ISO/TR 11941">11941 (TR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11992" title="ISO 11992">11992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_12006" title="ISO 12006">12006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DICOM" title="DICOM">12052</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_TR_12182" title="ISO/IEC TR 12182">12182</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_12207" title="ISO/IEC 12207">12207</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIFF/EP" title="TIFF/EP">12234-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_categories#ISO_12620_(ISO_TC37_Data_Category_Registry,_ISOcat)" title="Linguistic categories">12620</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">13211</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isofix" title="Isofix">13216</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topic_map" title="Topic map">13250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13399" title="ISO 13399">13399</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13406-2" title="ISO 13406-2">13406-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/110_film" title="110 film">13450</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13485" title="ISO 13485">13485</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13490" title="ISO 13490">13490</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13567" title="ISO 13567">13567</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_notation" title="Z notation">13568</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13584" title="ISO 13584">13584</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Bank_Account_Number" title="International Bank Account Number">13616</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISLISP" title="ISLISP">13816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2">13818</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14000" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 14000">14000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14031" title="ISO 14031">14031</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14224" title="ISO 14224">14224</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/UA" title="PDF/UA">14289</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsepower" title="Horsepower">14396</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_14443" title="ISO/IEC 14443">14443</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4" title="MPEG-4">14496</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_2" title="MPEG-4 Part 2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_3" title="MPEG-4 Part 3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delivery_Multimedia_Integration_Framework" title="Delivery Multimedia Integration Framework">-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Video_Coding" title="Advanced Video Coding">-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_11" title="MPEG-4 Part 11">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_base_media_file_format" title="ISO base media file format">-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP4_file_format" title="MP4 file format">-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP4_file_format" title="MP4 file format">-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP4_file_format" title="MP4 file format">-20</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14617" title="ISO 14617">14617</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14644" title="ISO 14644">14644</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEP-NC" title="STEP-NC">14649</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_14651" title="ISO/IEC 14651">14651</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14698" title="ISO 14698">14698</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_maintenance" title="Software maintenance">14764</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">14882</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14971" title="ISO 14971">14971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15022" title="ISO 15022">15022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15189" title="ISO 15189">15189</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15288" title="ISO/IEC 15288">15288</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ada_Semantic_Interface_Specification" title="Ada Semantic Interface Specification">15291</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15398" title="ISO 15398">15398</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Criteria" title="Common Criteria">15408</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_2000" title="JPEG 2000">15444</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Motion_JPEG_2000" title="Motion JPEG 2000">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPIP" title="JPIP">-9</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">15445</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF417" title="PDF417">15438</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15504" title="ISO/IEC 15504">15504</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Identifier_for_Libraries_and_Related_Organizations" title="International Standard Identifier for Libraries and Related Organizations">15511</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15686" title="ISO 15686">15686</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15693" title="ISO/IEC 15693">15693</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Audiovisual_Number" title="International Standard Audiovisual Number">15706</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Audiovisual_Number" title="International Standard Audiovisual Number">-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Musical_Work_Code" title="International Standard Musical Work Code">15707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15897" title="ISO/IEC 15897">15897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15919" title="ISO 15919">15919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15924" title="ISO 15924">15924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15926" title="ISO 15926">15926</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15926_WIP" title="ISO 15926 WIP">15926 WIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/X" title="PDF/X">15930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-7" title="MPEG-7">15938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MaxiCode" title="MaxiCode">16023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">16262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_function_deployment" title="Quality function deployment">16355-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_raster_content" title="Mixed raster content">16485</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/VT" title="PDF/VT">16612-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_16750" title="ISO 16750">16750</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IATF_16949" title="IATF 16949">16949 (TS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_17024" title="ISO/IEC 17024">17024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_17025" title="ISO/IEC 17025">17025</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_17100" title="ISO 17100">17100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Virtualization_Format" title="Open Virtualization Format">17203</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDMX" title="SDMX">17369</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Entity_Identifier" title="Legal Entity Identifier">17442</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COLLADA" title="COLLADA">17506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27002" title="ISO/IEC 27002">17799</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QR_code" title="QR code">18004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_18014" title="ISO/IEC 18014">18014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XL" title="JPEG XL">18181</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_18245" title="ISO 18245">18245</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_Specification_Language" title="Process Specification Language">18629</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_Activity_Test" title="Photographic Activity Test">18916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/A" title="PDF/A">19005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19011" title="ISO 19011">19011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19092-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19092-1">19092</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19092-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19092-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19092-2" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19092-2">-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19114" title="ISO 19114">19114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geospatial_metadata#ISO_19115:_Geographic_information_–_Metadata" title="Geospatial metadata">19115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Features" title="Simple Features">19125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_Markup_Language#ISO_19136" title="Geography Markup Language">19136</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoe_size" title="Shoe size">19407</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19439" title="ISO 19439">19439</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Object_Request_Broker_Architecture" title="Common Object Request Broker Architecture">19500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language">19501</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta-Object_Facility" title="Meta-Object Facility">19502</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Metadata_Interchange" title="XML Metadata Interchange">19503</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language">19505</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_Discovery_Metamodel" title="Knowledge Discovery Metamodel">19506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_Constraint_Language" title="Object Constraint Language">19507</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta-Object_Facility" title="Meta-Object Facility">19508</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Metadata_Interchange" title="XML Metadata Interchange">19509</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_Process_Model_and_Notation" title="Business Process Model and Notation">19510</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19600" title="ISO 19600">19600</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19752" title="ISO/IEC 19752">19752</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RELAX_NG" title="RELAX NG">19757</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19770" title="ISO/IEC 19770">19770</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X3D" title="X3D">19775-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19794-5" title="ISO/IEC 19794-5">19794-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_Infrastructure_Management_Interface" title="Cloud Infrastructure Management Interface">19831</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20000–29999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_20000" title="ISO/IEC 20000">20000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_20022" title="ISO 20022">20022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_20121" title="ISO 20121">20121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_20400" title="ISO 20400">20400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Data_Protocol" title="Open Data Protocol">20802</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Xin_code" title="Han Xin code">20830</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-21" title="MPEG-21">21000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_21001" title="ISO 21001">21001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Text_Code" title="International Standard Text Code">21047</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XS" title="JPEG XS">21122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_21500" title="ISO 21500">21500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_21827" title="ISO/IEC 21827">21827</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22000" title="ISO 22000">22000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">22275</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22300" title="ISO 22300">22300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22301" title="ISO 22301">22301</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22395" title="ISO 22395">22395</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript_for_XML" title="ECMAScript for XML">22537</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-A" title="MPEG-A">23000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-D" title="MPEG-D">23003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H" title="MPEG-H">23008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Adaptive_Streaming_over_HTTP" title="Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP">23009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Video_Coding" title="Versatile Video Coding">23090-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-G" title="MPEG-G">23092</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essential_Video_Coding" title="Essential Video Coding">23094-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCEVC" title="LCEVC">23094-2</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">23270</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Common Language Infrastructure">23271</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Standard_Base" title="Linux Standard Base">23360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectangular_Micro_QR_Code" title="Rectangular Micro QR Code">23941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/E" title="PDF/E">24517</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexical_Markup_Framework" title="Lexical Markup Framework">24613</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-TimeML" title="ISO-TimeML">24617</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Logic" title="Common Logic">24707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroPDF417" title="MicroPDF417">24728</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_25178" title="ISO 25178">25178</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_25964" title="ISO 25964">25964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_26000" title="ISO 26000">26000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_26262" title="ISO 26262">26262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenDocument" title="OpenDocument">26300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">26324</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27000-series" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 27000-series">27000 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27000" title="ISO/IEC 27000">27000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27001" title="ISO/IEC 27001">27001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27002" title="ISO/IEC 27002">27002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27005" title="ISO/IEC 27005">27005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27006" title="ISO/IEC 27006">27006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">27729</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_28000" title="ISO 28000">28000</a></li> <li>29110</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Requirements_engineering" title="Requirements engineering">29148</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XR" title="JPEG XR">29199-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_Open_XML" title="Office Open XML">29500</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">30000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language)">30170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31000" title="ISO 31000">31000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">32000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_37001" title="ISO 37001">37001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_38500" title="ISO/IEC 38500">38500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graph_Query_Language" title="Graph Query Language">39075</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Content_Accessibility_Guidelines" title="Web Content Accessibility Guidelines">40500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_42010" title="ISO/IEC 42010">42010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_45001" title="ISO 45001">45001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_50001" title="ISO 50001">50001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_55000" title="ISO 55000">55000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_56000" title="ISO 56000">56000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_80000" title="ISO/IEC 80000">80000</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:ISO_standards" title="Category:ISO standards">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Programming_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Programming_languages" title="Template:Programming languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Programming_languages" title="Template talk:Programming languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Programming_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Programming languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Programming_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">Programming languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_programming_languages" title="Comparison of programming languages">Comparison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_programming_languages" title="Timeline of programming languages">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_programming_languages" title="History of programming languages">History</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ada_(programming_language)" title="Ada (programming language)">Ada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL" title="ALGOL">ALGOL</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simula" title="Simula">Simula</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APL_(programming_language)" title="APL (programming language)">APL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_language" title="Assembly language">Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC">BASIC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic">Visual Basic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_(classic)" title="Visual Basic (classic)">classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_(.NET)" title="Visual Basic (.NET)">.NET</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">C#</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL">COBOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlang_(programming_language)" title="Erlang (programming language)">Erlang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forth_(programming_language)" title="Forth (programming language)">Forth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortran" title="Fortran">Fortran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go_(programming_language)" title="Go (programming language)">Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haskell" title="Haskell">Haskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_(programming_language)" title="Julia (programming language)">Julia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotlin_(programming_language)" title="Kotlin (programming language)">Kotlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisp_(programming_language)" title="Lisp (programming language)">Lisp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lua_(programming_language)" title="Lua (programming language)">Lua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MATLAB" title="MATLAB">MATLAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ML_(programming_language)" title="ML (programming language)">ML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)" title="Pascal (programming language)">Pascal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Object_Pascal" title="Object Pascal">Object Pascal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">Prolog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R_(programming_language)" title="R (programming language)">R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language)">Ruby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rust_(programming_language)" title="Rust (programming language)">Rust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQL" title="SQL">SQL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scratch_(programming_language)" title="Scratch (programming language)">Scratch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_script" title="Shell script">Shell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smalltalk" title="Smalltalk">Smalltalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swift_(programming_language)" title="Swift (programming language)">Swift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_programming_languages" title="List of programming languages">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> Lists: <a href="/wiki/List_of_programming_languages" title="List of programming languages">Alphabetical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_programming_languages_by_type" title="List of programming languages by type">Categorical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generational_list_of_programming_languages" title="Generational list of programming languages">Generational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-English-based_programming_languages" title="Non-English-based programming languages">Non-English-based</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Programming_languages" title="Category:Programming languages">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="IEC_standards" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_IEC_standards" title="Template:List of IEC standards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_IEC_standards" title="Template talk:List of IEC standards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_IEC_standards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of IEC standards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="IEC_standards" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_IEC_standards" title="List of IEC standards">IEC standards</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">IEC</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60027" title="IEC 60027">60027</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60034" title="IEC 60034">60034</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60038" title="IEC 60038">60038</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RKM_code" title="RKM code">60062</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E_series_of_preferred_numbers" title="E series of preferred numbers">60063</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60068" title="IEC 60068">60068</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_Tracking_Index" title="Comparative Tracking Index">60112</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60228" title="IEC 60228">60228</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60269" title="IEC 60269">60269</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19-inch_rack" title="19-inch rack">60297</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60309" title="IEC 60309">60309</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60320" title="IEC 60320">60320</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60364" title="IEC 60364">60364</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60446" title="IEC 60446">60446</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_754" title="IEEE 754">60559</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60601" title="IEC 60601">60601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60870" title="IEC 60870">60870</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60870-5" title="IEC 60870-5">60870-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60870-6" title="IEC 60870-6">60870-6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60906-1" title="IEC 60906-1">60906-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_Disc_Digital_Audio" title="Compact Disc Digital Audio">60908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60929" title="IEC 60929">60929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AES3" title="AES3">60958</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IEC_60980-344&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IEC 60980-344 (page does not exist)">60980-344</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61030" title="IEC 61030">61030</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61131" title="IEC 61131">61131</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61131-3" title="IEC 61131-3">61131-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IO-Link" title="IO-Link">61131-9</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieldbus" title="Fieldbus">61158</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61162" title="IEC 61162">61162</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61334" title="IEC 61334">61334</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61355" title="IEC 61355">61355</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61360" title="IEC 61360">61360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61400" title="IEC 61400">61400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61499" title="IEC 61499">61499</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61508" title="IEC 61508">61508</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61511" title="IEC 61511">61511</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieldbus" title="Fieldbus">61784</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61850" title="IEC 61850">61850</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61851" title="IEC 61851">61851</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61883" title="IEC 61883">61883</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battery_nomenclature" title="Battery nomenclature">61960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61968" title="IEC 61968">61968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61970" title="IEC 61970">61970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IP-XACT" title="IP-XACT">62014-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieldbus" title="Fieldbus">62026</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62056" title="IEC 62056">62056</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62061" title="IEC 62061">62061</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62196" title="IEC 62196">62196</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EN_62262" title="EN 62262">62262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62264" title="IEC 62264">62264</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62304" title="IEC 62304">62304</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62325" title="IEC 62325">62325</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62351" title="IEC 62351">62351</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AES47" title="AES47">62365</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62366" title="IEC 62366">62366</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62379" title="IEC 62379">62379</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Addressable_Lighting_Interface" title="Digital Addressable Lighting Interface">62386</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62455" title="IEC 62455">62455</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USB" title="USB">62680</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62682" title="IEC 62682">62682</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62700" title="IEC 62700">62700</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_63110" title="IEC 63110">63110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_63119" title="IEC 63119">63119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_63382" title="IEC 63382">63382</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ISO/IEC</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022" title="ISO/IEC 2022">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_4909" title="ISO/IEC 4909">4909</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_5218" title="ISO/IEC 5218">5218</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_code" title="ANSI escape code">6429</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_6523" title="ISO/IEC 6523">6523</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7810" title="ISO/IEC 7810">7810</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7811" title="ISO/IEC 7811">7811</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7812" title="ISO/IEC 7812">7812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7813" title="ISO/IEC 7813">7813</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7816" title="ISO/IEC 7816">7816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_Kernel_System" title="Graphical Kernel System">7942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Document_Architecture" title="Open Document Architecture">8613</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Graphics_Metafile" title="Computer Graphics Metafile">8632</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8652" title="ISO/IEC 8652">8652</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">8859</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9126" title="ISO/IEC 9126">9126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">9293</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHILL" title="CHILL">9496</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9529" title="ISO/IEC 9529">9529</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHIGS" title="PHIGS">9592</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHIGS" title="PHIGS">9593</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_C" title="ANSI C">9899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POSIX" title="POSIX">9945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9995" title="ISO/IEC 9995">9995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10021" title="ISO/IEC 10021">10021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10116" title="ISO/IEC 10116">10116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guidelines_for_the_Definition_of_Managed_Objects" title="Guidelines for the Definition of Managed Objects">10165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_Style_Semantics_and_Specification_Language" title="Document Style Semantics and Specification Language">10179</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_BASIC" title="Full BASIC">10279</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Coded_Character_Set" title="Universal Coded Character Set">10646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10967" title="ISO/IEC 10967">10967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1" title="MPEG-1">11172</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11179" title="ISO/IEC 11179">11179</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11404" title="ISO/IEC 11404">11404</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG" title="JBIG">11544</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11801" title="ISO/IEC 11801">11801</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_12207" title="ISO/IEC 12207">12207</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topic_map" title="Topic map">13250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Disk_Format" title="Universal Disk Format">13346</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MHEG-5" title="MHEG-5">13522-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_notation" title="Z notation">13568</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISLISP" title="ISLISP">13816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2">13818</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_14443" title="ISO/IEC 14443">14443</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4" title="MPEG-4">14496</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_14651" title="ISO/IEC 14651">14651</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">14882</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15288" title="ISO/IEC 15288">15288</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ada_Semantic_Interface_Specification" title="Ada Semantic Interface Specification">15291</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Criteria" title="Common Criteria">15408</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_2000" title="JPEG 2000">15444</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">15445</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15504" title="ISO/IEC 15504">15504</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Identifier_for_Libraries_and_Related_Organizations" title="International Standard Identifier for Libraries and Related Organizations">15511</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15693" title="ISO/IEC 15693">15693</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15897" title="ISO/IEC 15897">15897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-7" title="MPEG-7">15938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">16262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_raster_content" title="Mixed raster content">16485</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_17024" title="ISO/IEC 17024">17024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_17025" title="ISO/IEC 17025">17025</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QR_code" title="QR code">18004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_18014" title="ISO/IEC 18014">18014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XL" title="JPEG XL">18181</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19752" title="ISO/IEC 19752">19752</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RELAX_NG" title="RELAX NG">19757</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19770" title="ISO/IEC 19770">19770</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19788" title="ISO/IEC 19788">19788</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_20000" title="ISO/IEC 20000">20000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Data_Protocol" title="Open Data Protocol">20802</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-21" title="MPEG-21">21000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_21827" title="ISO/IEC 21827">21827</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">22275</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript_for_XML" title="ECMAScript for XML">22537</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-A" title="MPEG-A">23000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-D" title="MPEG-D">23003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H" title="MPEG-H">23008</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">23270</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Standard_Base" title="Linux Standard Base">23360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Logic" title="Common Logic">24707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_24727" title="ISO/IEC 24727">24727</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_24744" title="ISO/IEC 24744">24744</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Remote_Console" title="Universal Remote Console">24752</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenDocument" title="OpenDocument">26300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27000" title="ISO/IEC 27000">27000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27000-series" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 27000-series">27000-series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27002" title="ISO/IEC 27002">27002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27040" title="ISO/IEC 27040">27040</a></li> <li>29110</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_29119" title="ISO/IEC 29119">29119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_33001" title="ISO/IEC 33001">33001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_38500" title="ISO/IEC 38500">38500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graph_Query_Language" title="Graph Query Language">39075</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_42010" title="ISO/IEC 42010">42010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_80000" title="ISO/IEC 80000">80000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_81346" title="IEC 81346">81346</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">International Electrotechnical Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4616843-6">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2001001705">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13614817q">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13614817q">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph137696&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007530455805171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elmcip.net/node/10877">ELMCIP</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&oldid=1258636029">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&oldid=1258636029</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:C_Sharp_programming_language_family" title="Category:C Sharp programming language family">C Sharp programming language family</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2000_software" title="Category:2000 software">2000 software</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_inventions" title="Category:American inventions">American inventions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Programming_languages" title="Category:Programming languages">Programming languages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:High-level_programming_languages" title="Category:High-level programming languages">High-level programming languages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:.NET_programming_languages" title="Category:.NET programming languages">.NET programming languages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Class-based_programming_languages" title="Category:Class-based programming languages">Class-based programming languages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ecma_standards" title="Category:Ecma standards">Ecma standards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Functional_languages" title="Category:Functional languages">Functional languages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:IEC_standards" title="Category:IEC standards">IEC standards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:ISO_standards" title="Category:ISO standards">ISO standards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Microsoft_programming_languages" title="Category:Microsoft programming languages">Microsoft programming languages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Multi-paradigm_programming_languages" title="Category:Multi-paradigm programming languages">Multi-paradigm programming languages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Programming_languages_created_in_2000" title="Category:Programming languages created in 2000">Programming languages created in 2000</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Programming_languages_with_an_ISO_standard" title="Category:Programming languages with an ISO standard">Programming languages with an ISO standard</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Statically_typed_programming_languages" title="Category:Statically typed programming languages">Statically typed programming languages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Compiled_programming_languages" title="Category:Compiled programming languages">Compiled programming languages</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_missing_title" title="Category:CS1 errors: missing title">CS1 errors: missing title</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_bare_URL" title="Category:CS1 errors: bare URL">CS1 errors: bare URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Restricted_titles_(non-leading_number_sign)" title="Category:Restricted titles (non-leading number sign)">Restricted titles (non-leading number sign)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_April_2020" title="Category:Use mdy dates from April 2020">Use mdy dates from April 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_November_2024" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from November 2024">Articles containing potentially dated statements from November 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_March_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from March 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_example_C%2B%2B_code" title="Category:Articles with example C++ code">Articles with example C++ code</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_example_C_Sharp_code" title="Category:Articles with example C Sharp code">Articles with example C Sharp code</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 20 November 2024, at 20:04 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-wsqn2","wgBackendResponseTime":152,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.629","walltime":"1.951","ppvisitednodes":{"value":15473,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":429704,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":17042,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":60,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":533016,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1598.841 1 -total"," 33.97% 543.127 2 Template:Reflist"," 24.23% 387.382 105 Template:Cite_web"," 17.06% 272.805 2 Template:Infobox"," 15.56% 248.822 1 Template:Infobox_programming_language"," 10.28% 164.432 1 Template:Infobox_software/simple"," 8.41% 134.493 4 Template:Wikidata"," 7.62% 121.865 18 Template:Sfn"," 5.20% 83.175 9 Template:Navbox"," 5.04% 80.651 14 Template:Rp"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.915","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":15401643,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAlbahari2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArcher2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBillWagner\"] = 7,\n [\"CITEREFBillWagner2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBillWagner2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBill_Joy2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBorenszweig2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCornelius2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDollard2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDon_Box_and_Anders_Hejlsberg2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDraytonAlbahariNeward2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEtcheverry2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHamilton2008\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFHejlsberg2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHejlsberg2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHejlsbergTorgersen2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKovacs2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLakshanFagockeRick-Andersongewarren2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLattner2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLippert2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMariani2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcAllister2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMercer2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNaugler2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNovákVelvartGraniczBalássy2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOsborn2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOtey2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPetzold2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeth2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSheldon2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSimonStapfMeyer2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSkeet2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSteinman2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTorgersen2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTorgersen2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVennersEckel2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZander2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZhangTengZhao2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFdotnet-bot\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFerikdietrich2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFstevewhimsmattwojo2022\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"As of\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"C sharp\"] = 36,\n [\"C++\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 2,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 7,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 105,\n [\"Clear\"] = 1,\n [\"Col-float\"] = 1,\n [\"Col-float-break\"] = 1,\n [\"Col-float-end\"] = 1,\n [\"Common Language Infrastructure\"] = 1,\n [\"Correct title\"] = 1,\n [\"Ecma International Standards\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 4,\n [\"Further\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"ISO standards\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox programming language\"] = 1,\n [\"List of International Electrotechnical Commission standards\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Microsoft FOSS\"] = 1,\n [\"No\"] = 3,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"ProQuest\"] = 3,\n [\"Programming languages\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Respell\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 14,\n [\"See also\"] = 2,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 18,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Start date and age\"] = 3,\n [\"URL\"] = 1,\n [\"Ubl\"] = 15,\n [\"Unichar\"] = 2,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 3,\n [\"Wikidata\"] = 4,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-5v6vb","timestamp":"20241125133421","ttl":469546,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"C Sharp (programming language)","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/C_Sharp_(programming_language)","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2370","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2370","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-10-25T20:45:41Z","dateModified":"2024-11-20T20:04:30Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d2\/C_Sharp_Logo_2023.svg","headline":"multi-paradigm (object-oriented) programming language"}</script> </body> </html>