CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Once Upon a Time in America - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"63991e4c-656d-43f9-bc13-81dafbb52d36","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America","wgTitle":"Once Upon a Time in America","wgCurRevisionId":1257165521,"wgRevisionId":1257165521,"wgArticleId":442308,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 Italian-language sources (it)","CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use American English from October 2019","All Wikipedia articles written in American English","Use mdy dates from December 2023","Template film date with 3 release dates","Articles containing Italian-language text","Articles with hAudio microformats","Album articles lacking alt text for covers", "Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2021","Rotten Tomatoes ID same as Wikidata","1984 films","1980s American films","1980s English-language films","1980s Italian films","1980s Italian-language films","1984 crime drama films","American crime drama films","American epic films","American gangster films","American nonlinear narrative films","English-language Italian films","Films about Jewish-American organized crime","Films about prohibition in the United States","Films about rape in the United States","Films based on American novels","Films directed by Sergio Leone","Films produced by Arnon Milchan","Films scored by Ennio Morricone","Films set in 1923","Films set in 1924","Films set in 1925","Films set in 1931","Films set in 1932","Films set in 1933","Films set in 1968","Films set in Brooklyn","Films set in New York City","Films shot at Cinecittà Studios","Films shot in Florida","Films shot in New Jersey","Films shot in New York City","Films shot in Venice", "Films with screenplays by Ernesto Gastaldi","Films with screenplays by Sergio Leone","Italian crime drama films","Italian epic films","Regency Enterprises films","The Ladd Company films","Warner Bros. films","Yiddish-language films","English-language crime drama films","Yiddish-language American films","Italian-language American films"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America","wgRelevantArticleId":442308,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline": false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q206388","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles": "ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c2/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1852"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c2/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1235"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="988"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Once Upon a Time in America - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America rootpage-Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Once+Upon+a+Time+in+America" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Once+Upon+a+Time+in+America" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Once+Upon+a+Time+in+America" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Once+Upon+a+Time+in+America" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Plot" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plot"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Plot</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plot-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interpretations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interpretations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Interpretations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interpretations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Cast</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Production-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Production subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Casting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Casting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Casting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Casting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Filming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Editing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Editing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Editing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Editing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Release" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Release"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Release</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Release-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Release subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Release-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Versions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Versions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Versions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Versions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-US_version" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#US_version"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>US version</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-US_version-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-USSR" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#USSR"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>USSR</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-USSR-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Restored_original" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Restored_original"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.3</span> <span>Restored original</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Restored_original-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Home_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Home_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.4</span> <span>Home media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Home_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Critical_reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Critical_reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Critical reception</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Critical_reception-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Critical reception subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Critical_reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Accolades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accolades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Accolades</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accolades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Once Upon a Time in America</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 52 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB_%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7_(%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%85)" title="حدث ذات مرة في أمريكا (فيلم) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حدث ذات مرة في أمريكا (فيلم)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bir_d%C9%99f%C9%99_Amerikada_(film,_1984)" title="Bir dəfə Amerikada (film, 1984) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bir dəfə Amerikada (film, 1984)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%87%D1%8B_%D1%9E_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Аднойчы ў Амерыцы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аднойчы ў Амерыцы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Имало едно време в Америка – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Имало едно време в Америка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilo_jednom_u_Americi" title="Bilo jednom u Americi – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bilo jednom u Americi" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi_havia_una_vegada_a_Am%C3%A8rica" title="Hi havia una vegada a Amèrica – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hi havia una vegada a Amèrica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenkr%C3%A1t_v_Americe" title="Tenkrát v Americe – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tenkrát v Americe" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America" title="Once Upon a Time in America – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Once Upon a Time in America" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_var_engang_i_Amerika" title="Der var engang i Amerika – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Der var engang i Amerika" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Es_war_einmal_in_Amerika" title="Es war einmal in Amerika – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Es war einmal in Amerika" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B5_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD_%CE%91%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Κάποτε στην Αμερική – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κάποτε στην Αμερική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89rase_una_vez_en_Am%C3%A9rica" title="Érase una vez en América – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Érase una vez en América" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America" title="Once Upon a Time in America – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Once Upon a Time in America" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="روزی روزگاری در آمریکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روزی روزگاری در آمریکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il_%C3%A9tait_une_fois_en_Am%C3%A9rique" title="Il était une fois en Amérique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Il était une fois en Amérique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America" title="Once Upon a Time in America – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Once Upon a Time in America" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%8A%A4_%EC%96%B4%ED%8F%B0_%EC%96%B4_%ED%83%80%EC%9E%84_%EC%9D%B8_%EC%95%84%EB%A9%94%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4" title="원스 어폰 어 타임 인 아메리카 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="원스 어폰 어 타임 인 아메리카" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B4_%D4%B1%D5%B4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Մի անգամ Ամերիկայում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մի անգամ Ամերիկայում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%8F_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AA_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE)" title="वन्स अपॉन ए टाइम इन अमेरिका (१९८४ फ़िल्म) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वन्स अपॉन ए टाइम इन अमेरिका (१९८४ फ़िल्म)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilo_jednom_u_Americi" title="Bilo jednom u Americi – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bilo jednom u Americi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%27era_una_volta_in_America" title="C'era una volta in America – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="C'era una volta in America" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%96%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="היו זמנים באמריקה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="היו זמנים באמריקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98" title="ერთხელ ამერიკაში – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ერთხელ ამერიკაში" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il_%C3%A9tait_une_fois_en_Am%C3%A9rique" title="Il était une fois en Amérique – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Il était une fois en Amérique" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America" title="Once Upon a Time in America – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Once Upon a Time in America" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiz_Amerik%C4%81" title="Reiz Amerikā – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Reiz Amerikā" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America" title="Once Upon a Time in America – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Once Upon a Time in America" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kart%C4%85_Amerikoje" title="Kartą Amerikoje – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kartą Amerikoje" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt_egyszer_egy_Amerika" title="Volt egyszer egy Amerika – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Volt egyszer egy Amerika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%85_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="वन्स अपॉन अ टाइम इन अमेरिका – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वन्स अपॉन अ टाइम इन अमेरिका" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90_%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1" title="ართიშა ამერიკას – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ართიშა ამერიკას" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%81%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7" title="حصل مره فى امريكا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حصل مره فى امريكا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America" title="Once Upon a Time in America – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Once Upon a Time in America" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America" title="Once Upon a Time in America – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Once Upon a Time in America" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AF%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%9D%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB" title="ワンス・アポン・ア・タイム・イン・アメリカ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ワンス・アポン・ア・タイム・イン・アメリカ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ondt_blod_i_Amerika" title="Ondt blod i Amerika – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ondt blod i Amerika" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bir_vaqtlar_Amerikada" title="Bir vaqtlar Amerikada – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bir vaqtlar Amerikada" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawno_temu_w_Ameryce" title="Dawno temu w Ameryce – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dawno temu w Ameryce" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Era_uma_Vez_na_Am%C3%A9rica" title="Era uma Vez na América – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Era uma Vez na América" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_fost_odat%C4%83_%C3%AEn_America" title="A fost odată în America – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="A fost odată în America" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Однажды в Америке – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Однажды в Америке" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America" title="Once Upon a Time in America – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Once Upon a Time in America" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America" title="Once Upon a Time in America – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Once Upon a Time in America" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%83_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Било једном у Америци – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Било једном у Америци" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilo_jednom_u_Americi" title="Bilo jednom u Americi – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bilo jednom u Americi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suuri_gangsterisota" title="Suuri gangsterisota – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Suuri gangsterisota" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America" title="Once Upon a Time in America – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Once Upon a Time in America" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bir_Zamanlar_Amerika" title="Bir Zamanlar Amerika – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bir Zamanlar Amerika" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83_%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%96" title="Одного разу в Америці – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Одного разу в Америці" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America" title="Once Upon a Time in America – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Once Upon a Time in America" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E8%96%84%E9%9B%B2%E5%A4%A9" title="義薄雲天 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="義薄雲天" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%BE%80%E4%BA%8B" title="美国往事 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="美国往事" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q206388#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America&oldid=1257165521" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America&id=1257165521&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOnce_Upon_a_Time_in_America"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOnce_Upon_a_Time_in_America"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q206388" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1984 film directed by Sergio Leone</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the album by Smoothe da Hustler, see <a href="/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America_(album)" title="Once Upon a Time in America (album)">Once Upon a Time in America (album)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;">Once Upon a Time in America</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c2/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America.png/220px-Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="340" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c2/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America.png 1.5x" data-file-width="254" data-file-height="392" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Theatrical release poster by <a href="/wiki/Tom_Jung" title="Tom Jung">Tom Jung</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Directed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Leone" title="Sergio Leone">Sergio Leone</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Screenplay by</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Benvenuti" title="Leonardo Benvenuti">Leonardo Benvenuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piero_De_Bernardi" title="Piero De Bernardi">Piero De Bernardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Medioli" title="Enrico Medioli">Enrico Medioli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Arcalli" title="Franco Arcalli">Franco Arcalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Ferrini" title="Franco Ferrini">Franco Ferrini</a></li> <li>Sergio Leone</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Based on</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>The Hoods</i><br />by <a href="/wiki/Harry_Grey" title="Harry Grey">Harry Grey</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Produced by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arnon_Milchan" title="Arnon Milchan">Arnon Milchan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Starring</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Woods" title="James Woods">James Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_McGovern" title="Elizabeth McGovern">Elizabeth McGovern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Pesci" title="Joe Pesci">Joe Pesci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Young" title="Burt Young">Burt Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuesday_Weld" title="Tuesday Weld">Tuesday Weld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treat_Williams" title="Treat Williams">Treat Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Cinematography</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tonino_Delli_Colli" title="Tonino Delli Colli">Tonino Delli Colli</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Edited by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nino_Baragli" title="Nino Baragli">Nino Baragli</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Music by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ennio_Morricone" title="Ennio Morricone">Ennio Morricone</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Production<br />companies</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="vertical-align: middle;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Ladd_Company" title="The Ladd Company">The Ladd Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Producers_Sales_Organization" title="Producers Sales Organization">PSO International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regency_Enterprises" title="Regency Enterprises">Embassy International Pictures</a></li> <li>Rafran Cinematografica<sup id="cite_ref-trove_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trove-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BFI_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BFI-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Distributed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Pictures" title="Warner Bros. Pictures">Warner Bros.</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanus" title="Titanus">Titanus</a> (Italy)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Release dates</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist film-date"> <ul><li>May 23, 1984<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1984-05-23</span>)</span> (<a href="/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival" title="Cannes Film Festival">Cannes</a>)</li> <li>June 1, 1984<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1984-06-01</span>)</span> (United States)</li> <li>September 28, 1984<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1984-09-28</span>)</span> (Italy)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Running time</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>269 minutes (original runtime)</li> <li>251 minutes (<a href="/wiki/2012_Cannes_Film_Festival" title="2012 Cannes Film Festival">2012 Cannes</a> runtime)</li> <li>229 minutes (standard runtime)</li> <li>139 minutes (American release)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Countries</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>United States<sup id="cite_ref-lum_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lum-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Italy<sup id="cite_ref-lum_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lum-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English & Italian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data">$30 million</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Box office</th><td class="infobox-data">$5.5 million<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Once Upon a Time in America</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it"><b>C'era una volta in America</b></i>) is a 1984 <a href="/wiki/Epic_film" title="Epic film">epic</a> <a href="/wiki/Crime_film" title="Crime film">crime film</a> co-written and directed by Italian filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Leone" title="Sergio Leone">Sergio Leone</a>, and starring <a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Woods" title="James Woods">James Woods</a>. The film is an Italian–American<sup id="cite_ref-lum_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lum-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Co-production_(media)" title="Co-production (media)">venture</a> produced by <a href="/wiki/The_Ladd_Company" title="The Ladd Company">The Ladd Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regency_Enterprises" title="Regency Enterprises">Embassy International Pictures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Producers_Sales_Organization" title="Producers Sales Organization">PSO Enterprises</a> and Rafran Cinematografica, and distributed by <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> Based on <a href="/wiki/Harry_Grey" title="Harry Grey">Harry Grey</a>'s novel <i>The Hoods</i>, it chronicles the lives of best friends <a href="/wiki/David_%22Noodles%22_Aaronson" title="David "Noodles" Aaronson">David "Noodles" Aaronson</a> and Maximilian "Max" Bercovicz as they lead a group of <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> ghetto youths who rise to prominence as <a href="/wiki/Jewish-American_organized_crime" title="Jewish-American organized crime">Jewish gangsters</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>'s world of <a href="/wiki/Organized_crime" title="Organized crime">organized crime</a>. The film explores themes of childhood friendships, love, lust, greed, betrayal, loss, and broken relationships, together with the rise of mobsters in American society. </p><p>It was the final film directed by Leone before his death five years later, and the first feature film he had directed in 13 years. It is also the third installment of Leone's <i>Once Upon a Time Trilogy</i>, which includes <i><a href="/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_the_West" title="Once Upon a Time in the West">Once Upon a Time in the West</a></i> (1968) and <i><a href="/wiki/Duck,_You_Sucker!" title="Duck, You Sucker!">Duck, You Sucker!</a></i> (1971).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cinematography was by <a href="/wiki/Tonino_Delli_Colli" title="Tonino Delli Colli">Tonino Delli Colli</a>, and the film score by <a href="/wiki/Ennio_Morricone" title="Ennio Morricone">Ennio Morricone</a>. Leone originally envisaged two three-hour films, then a single 269-minute (4 hours and 29 minutes) version, but was convinced by distributors to shorten it to 229 minutes (3 hours and 49 minutes). The American distributors, The Ladd Company, further shortened it to 139 minutes (2 hours and 19 minutes), and rearranged the scenes into chronological order, without Leone's involvement. </p><p>The US edit was a critical and commercial flop in the United States, and critics who had seen both versions harshly condemned the changes made. The original "European cut" has remained a critical favourite and frequently appears in lists of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_films_considered_the_best" class="mw-redirect" title="List of films considered the best">greatest films of all time</a>, especially in the gangster genre. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot">Plot</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Plot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1930s, three thugs search for a man named "Noodles". Noodles is drugging himself in an <a href="/wiki/Opium_den" title="Opium den">opium den</a> with a newspaper next to him featuring the death of <a href="/wiki/Rum-running" title="Rum-running">bootleggers</a> Patrick Goldberg, Philip Stein and Maximilian Bercovicz. He recalls the police removing their corpses, one burnt beyond recognition. Noodles evades capture and leaves the city. </p><p>In the 1920s, <a href="/wiki/David_%22Noodles%22_Aaronson" title="David "Noodles" Aaronson">David "Noodles" Aaronson</a> leads a gang of him and his three friends "Patsy" Goldberg, "Cockeye" Stein and Dominic, performing jobs for local gangster Bugsy. They meet Max as he foils one of their robberies but has the booty stolen from him by corrupt police officer Whitey. Max joins their gang and they later blackmail Whitey and get the same police protection as Bugsy. </p><p>The gang becomes successful liquor smugglers. They deposit their earnings in a locker, giving the key to a friend of theirs, Moe. Noodles is in love with Moe's sister, Deborah, who dreams of becoming a dancer. Due to his socialization as a gangster, Deborah sees no future for their love. Bugsy, now a rival, ambushes the gang and fatally shoots Dominic. Noodles kills Bugsy and is sentenced to prison. </p><p>Upon his release a decade later, Noodles rejoins his gang. During a diamond heist they use jewellery employee Carol as their informant. She goads Noodles into hitting her, after which he rapes her; she later becomes Max's girlfriend. Noodles realizes that the heist was commissioned by a <a href="/wiki/National_Crime_Syndicate" title="National Crime Syndicate">syndicate</a> figure to eliminate competition. This leads to tensions between Max and Noodles, who seeks independence. The gang provides protection for <a href="/wiki/International_Brotherhood_of_Teamsters" title="International Brotherhood of Teamsters">Teamsters' union</a> boss O'Donnell, during the course of which they exchange newborns at a clinic, punishing the head of the police whose wife has just given birth to a boy at that clinic. This results in the police withdrawing their actions against striking workers. </p><p>Noodles takes Deborah on a lavish date. When she reveals her plans to pursue a career in Hollywood, he snaps and rapes her. As she departs the next day, he attempts to catch a glance of her sitting on the train, but she avoids eye contact. </p><p>The repeal of Prohibition forces the gang to look for alternative activities. Max suggests a <a href="/wiki/New_York_Federal_Reserve_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Federal Reserve Bank">New York Federal Reserve Bank</a> heist, which Noodles and Carol deem too risky. Carol convinces Noodles to inform the police about a lesser offense, hoping brief incarceration will cool off Max's ambition. After Noodles calls the police, Max knocks him out. Upon regaining consciousness, Noodles learns that Max, Patsy, and Cockeye have been killed by the police during the heist, as established at the beginning of the film. A guilt-ridden Noodles hides in the opium den. During his subsequent escape, he realizes the locker money has disappeared. </p><p>In the 1960s, Noodles returns to Manhattan for the first time since the 1930s after receiving a letter indicating that his identity has been uncovered, seeking to find out who is responsible. He learns that the bodies of his three friends have been relocated to <a href="/wiki/Riverdale,_Bronx" title="Riverdale, Bronx">Riverdale</a>. He visits their mausoleum in Riverdale and finds a key to a railway locker. </p><p>The locker reveals a suitcase full of money, stated to be the advance on his next job. Noodles learns of the corruption scandals around Senator Christopher Bailey and visits Carol in a retirement home run by the Bailey Foundation. She tells him that Max manipulated them into tipping him off to the police and that Max <a href="/wiki/Suicide_by_cop" title="Suicide by cop">opened fire first</a>, wishing to die young. Noodles spots Deborah in a memorial photograph, who has become a major actress, and starts to suspect a connection between Deborah and Bailey. He tracks down Deborah and visits her, telling her about his invitation to a party at Bailey's mansion and challenging her to tell him about the mysterious job as well as the identity of Bailey. Deborah admits to being Bailey's lover and begs Noodles to leave the city before facing hurtful revelations. Ignoring her advice, Noodles leaves her after seeing Bailey's son, who looks like the young Max. </p><p>Noodles meets Bailey, who turns out to be Max. Having faked his death, Max stole the gang's money and reinvented himself as a self-made business man. He also made Deborah his mistress, thus robbing Noodles of everything he had. Faced with ruin due to the corruption scandal, Max reveals that he is behind the mysterious job, which is for Noodles to kill him. Noodles refuses. As Noodles leaves the estate, a garbage truck passes and a man, presumably Max, walks toward Noodles until the truck passes between them. Noodles sees the truck's <a href="/wiki/Auger_conveyor" class="mw-redirect" title="Auger conveyor">auger conveyor</a> grinding garbage, but the man is nowhere to be seen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interpretations">Interpretations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Interpretations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the film begins and ends in 1933, with Noodles hiding in an opium den from syndicate hitmen, and the last shot of the film is of Noodles in a smiling, opium-soaked high, the film can be interpreted as having been a drug-induced dream, with Noodles remembering his past and envisioning the future. In an interview by Noël Simsolo published in 1987, Leone lent support to this interpretation, saying that the scenes set in the 1960s could be seen as an opium dream of Noodles'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimsolo1987_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimsolo1987-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the DVD commentary for the film, <a href="/wiki/Film_historian" class="mw-redirect" title="Film historian">film historian</a> and critic <a href="/wiki/Richard_Schickel" title="Richard Schickel">Richard Schickel</a> states that opium users often report vivid dreams, and that these visions have a tendency to explore the user's past and future.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ending in which Max appears as Noodles is leaving Bailey's mansion and then suddenly disappears behind a truck only for Noodles to see the blades of the truck spinning, was reportedly left ambiguous on purpose. James Woods, who played Max, stated that he does not know if Max jumped in the truck or just disappeared. Critic Carlo Affatigato described this twist as a "<a href="/wiki/Paradox" title="Paradox">paradox</a>", postulating that the whole film is about how Noodles spends the second half of his life seeking out the truth of what happened, only to discover it, not accept it, and not investigate what happens to Max in the end. Noodles only wants to believe the reality he has created for himself, not an objective one. Affatigato also believes this could point to it all being the imagination of Noodles.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many people (including Schickel) assume that the 1968 <a href="/wiki/Frisbee" title="Frisbee">Frisbee</a> scene, which has an immediate cut and gives no further resolution, was part of a longer sequence.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ebert stated that the purpose of the flying disc scene was to establish the 1960s time frame and nothing more.<sup id="cite_ref-Ebert84_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ebert84-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cast">Cast</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a> as <a href="/wiki/David_%22Noodles%22_Aaronson" title="David "Noodles" Aaronson">David "Noodles" Aaronson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Schutzman" class="mw-redirect" title="Scott Schutzman">Scott Tiler</a> as young Noodles</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Woods" title="James Woods">James Woods</a> as Maximilian "Max" Bercovicz <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rusty_Jacobs" title="Rusty Jacobs">Rusty Jacobs</a> as young Max and David Bailey</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_McGovern" title="Elizabeth McGovern">Elizabeth McGovern</a> as Deborah Gelly <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Connelly" title="Jennifer Connelly">Jennifer Connelly</a> as young Deborah</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Pesci" title="Joe Pesci">Joe Pesci</a> as Francis "Frankie" Monaldi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Young" title="Burt Young">Burt Young</a> as Joe Monaldi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuesday_Weld" title="Tuesday Weld">Tuesday Weld</a> as Carol</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treat_Williams" title="Treat Williams">Treat Williams</a> as Jimmy Conway O'Donnell</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Aiello" title="Danny Aiello">Danny Aiello</a> as Police Chief Vincent Aiello</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bright_(actor)" title="Richard Bright (actor)">Richard Bright</a> as "Chicken" Joe</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hayden" title="James Hayden">James Hayden</a> as Patrick "Patsy" Goldberg <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Bloom" title="Brian Bloom">Brian Bloom</a> as young Patsy</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Forsythe_(actor)" title="William Forsythe (actor)">William Forsythe</a> as Philip "Cockeye" Stein <ul><li>Adrian Curran as young Cockeye</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darlanne_Fluegel" title="Darlanne Fluegel">Darlanne Fluegel</a> as Eve</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Rapp" title="Larry Rapp">Larry Rapp</a> as "Fat" Moe Gelly <ul><li>Mike Monetti as young Fat Moe</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Foronjy" title="Richard Foronjy">Richard Foronjy</a> as officer "Fartface" Whitey</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Harper_(actor)" title="Robert Harper (actor)">Robert Harper</a> as Sharkey</li> <li>Dutch Miller as Van Linden</li> <li>Gerard Murphy as Crowning</li> <li>Amy Ryder as Peggy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Cohen" title="Julie Cohen">Julie Cohen</a> as young Peggy</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estelle_Harris" title="Estelle Harris">Estelle Harris</a> as Peggy's mother</li></ul> </div> <p>The cast also includes Noah Moazezi as Dominic, <a href="/wiki/James_Russo" title="James Russo">James Russo</a> as Bugsy, producer <a href="/wiki/Arnon_Milchan" title="Arnon Milchan">Arnon Milchan</a> as Noodles' chauffeur, <a href="/wiki/Marcia_Jean_Kurtz" title="Marcia Jean Kurtz">Marcia Jean Kurtz</a> as Max's mother, <a href="/wiki/Joey_Faye" title="Joey Faye">Joey Faye</a> as an "adorable old man", and <a href="/wiki/Olga_Karlatos" title="Olga Karlatos">Olga Karlatos</a> as a wayang patron. Frank Gio, Ray Dittrich, and <a href="/wiki/Mario_Brega" title="Mario Brega">Mario Brega</a> (a Leone regular who had appeared in <i><a href="/wiki/Dollars_Trilogy" title="Dollars Trilogy">Dollars Trilogy</a></i>) respectively appear as Beefy, Trigger, and Mandy, a trio of gangsters who search for Noodles. Frequent De Niro collaborator <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Low" title="Chuck Low">Chuck Low</a> and Leone's daughter Francesca respectively make uncredited appearances as Fat Moe (and Deborah's father), and as David Bailey's girlfriend.<sup id="cite_ref-BFI_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BFI-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2012 restoration, <a href="/wiki/Louise_Fletcher" title="Louise Fletcher">Louise Fletcher</a> appears as the cemetery director of Riverdale, where Noodles visits his friends' tomb in 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the mid-1960s, Sergio Leone had read the novel <i>The Hoods</i> by <a href="/wiki/Harry_Grey" title="Harry Grey">Harry Grey</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym">pseudonym</a> for the former gangster-turned-informant whose real name was Harry Goldberg. In 1968, after shooting <i><a href="/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_the_West" title="Once Upon a Time in the West">Once Upon a Time in the West</a></i>, Leone made many efforts to talk to Grey. Having enjoyed Leone's <i>Dollars Trilogy</i>, Grey finally responded and agreed to meet with Leone at a Manhattan bar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012389–90_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012389–90-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following that initial meeting, Leone met with Grey several times throughout the remainder of the 1960s and 1970s, having discussions with him to understand America through Grey's point of view.<sup id="cite_ref-Roger_Fristoe_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roger_Fristoe-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SL-NYT_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SL-NYT-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Intent on making another trilogy about America consisting of <i>Once Upon a Time in the West</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Duck,_You_Sucker!" title="Duck, You Sucker!">Duck, You Sucker!</a></i> and <i>Once Upon a Time in America</i>, Leone turned down an offer from <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a> to direct <i><a href="/wiki/The_Godfather" title="The Godfather">The Godfather</a></i> in order to pursue his pet project.<sup id="cite_ref-Roger_Fristoe_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roger_Fristoe-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SL-NYT_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SL-NYT-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At some point Leone considered other colleagues including <a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Forman" title="Miloš Forman">Miloš Forman</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Milius" title="John Milius">John Milius</a> for the role of director, with him just serving as producer.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012396–9_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012396–9-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For some time the project was linked to French producters <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_G%C3%A9nov%C3%A8s" title="André Génovès">André Génovès</a> and <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Lebovici" title="Gérard Lebovici">Gérard Lebovici</a> and later to <a href="/wiki/Gaumont_Film_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaumont Film Company">Gaumont</a>, with <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Depardieu" title="Gérard Depardieu">Gérard Depardieu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean_Gabin" title="Jean Gabin">Jean Gabin</a> supposed to be main actors.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012394–5_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012394–5-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Acquiring the rights to the novel proved to be complicated, as they had been bought by <a href="/wiki/Dan_Curtis" title="Dan Curtis">Dan Curtis</a>, who intended to shoot the film and refused various offers by Leone and by his backers to sell the rights.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012393–5_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012393–5-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Curtis eventually transferred the rights to <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Grimaldi" title="Alberto Grimaldi">Alberto Grimaldi</a>, in exchange for Grimaldi's production of his $2 million film <i><a href="/wiki/Burnt_Offerings_(film)" title="Burnt Offerings (film)">Burnt Offerings</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012395_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012395-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Initially, only a draft for the film's opening scene was made, penned by <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Gastaldi" title="Ernesto Gastaldi">Ernesto Gastaldi</a> and developed by Robert Dillon, which Dillon eventually used in <a href="/wiki/John_Frankenheimer" title="John Frankenheimer">John Frankenheimer</a>'s film <i><a href="/wiki/99_and_44/100%25_Dead" title="99 and 44/100% Dead">99 and 44/100% Dead</a></i>, much to Leone's dismay.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012395–6_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012395–6-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Grimaldi bought the rights, he felt that he needed an American scriptwriter to faithfully capture the spirit of the novel; he eventually made a deal with <a href="/wiki/Norman_Mailer" title="Norman Mailer">Norman Mailer</a>, whose draft greatly disappointed both Grimaldi and Leone, who later described Mailer's draft as 'a <a href="/wiki/Mickey_Mouse" title="Mickey Mouse">Mickey Mouse</a> version [of the novel]' that lacked in structure and 'made no sense at all'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012399–400_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012399–400-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few elements of Norman Mailer's first two drafts would eventually appear in the film.<sup id="cite_ref-Sokol_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sokol-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Mailer's fiasco, Leone opted for an all-Italian team of scriptwriters: <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Benvenuti" title="Leonardo Benvenuti">Leonardo Benvenuti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Piero_De_Bernardi" title="Piero De Bernardi">Piero De Bernardi</a> would focus on the 1920s section, <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Medioli" title="Enrico Medioli">Enrico Medioli</a> on the 1930s section, and <a href="/wiki/Franco_Arcalli" title="Franco Arcalli">Franco "Kim" Arcalli</a> on the time shifts, with Leone supervising and <a href="/wiki/Franco_Ferrini" title="Franco Ferrini">Franco Ferrini</a> polishing the script.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012404–5_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012404–5-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 1975-6 Leone's casting ideas still included Depardieu and Gabin, as well as <a href="/wiki/Richard_Dreyfuss" title="Richard Dreyfuss">Richard Dreyfuss</a> as Max, <a href="/wiki/James_Cagney" title="James Cagney">James Cagney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Charlebois" title="Robert Charlebois">Robert Charlebois</a>, and appearances by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Stewart" title="James Stewart">James Stewart</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Raft" title="George Raft">George Raft</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Ford" title="Glenn Ford">Glenn Ford</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012406_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012406-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1976, <a href="/wiki/Ennio_Morricone" title="Ennio Morricone">Ennio Morricone</a> had already composed all the main themes for the film.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012406_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012406-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the meanwhile relations between Grimaldi and Leone soured, with Grimaldi unconvinced of the film's commercial viability and eventually exiting the project, being replaced in 1980 by <a href="/wiki/Arnon_Milchan" title="Arnon Milchan">Arnon Milchan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012432_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012432-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this stage, Leone's casting ideas included <a href="/wiki/Tom_Berenger" title="Tom Berenger">Tom Berenger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liza_Minnelli" title="Liza Minnelli">Liza Minnelli</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012433_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012433-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 317 pages shooting script was completed in late 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012407_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012407-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The final script, translated in English by <a href="/wiki/Stuart_M._Kaminsky" title="Stuart M. Kaminsky">Stuart M. Kaminsky</a>, was approved by Leone in May 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012434–6_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012434–6-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Casting">Casting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Casting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1981, at Milchan's suggestion, Leone met <a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a> and eventually offered him a role of his choice between Noodles and Max.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012437–9_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012437–9-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De Niro's commitment turned out to be crucial for Milchan's securing the financial backing for the film.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012437_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012437-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the role of Max, eventually played by <a href="/wiki/James_Woods" title="James Woods">James Woods</a>, about 200 actors were auditioned.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012441_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012441-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_McGovern" title="Elizabeth McGovern">Elizabeth McGovern</a> was chosen for the role of Deborah against De Niro's request for having a New York native with a Brooklyn accent, due to Leone's appreciation of her performance in <i><a href="/wiki/Ragtime_(film)" title="Ragtime (film)">Ragtime</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012441_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012441-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Pesci" title="Joe Pesci">Joe Pesci</a> was chosen by Arnon Milchan because of his role in <i><a href="/wiki/Raging_Bull" title="Raging Bull">Raging Bull</a></i>, and was offered a supporting role of his choice.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012441_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012441-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tuesday_Weld" title="Tuesday Weld">Tuesday Weld</a> was cast as Carol, a role that Leone had previously envisioned for <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Cardinale" title="Claudia Cardinale">Claudia Cardinale</a>, at De Niro's recommendation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012441–2_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012441–2-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the children's roles, Leone entrusted the task to <a href="/wiki/Cis_Corman" title="Cis Corman">Cis Corman</a> and asked him not to have child stars and instead to have actors who had lived in New York's Jewish neighborhood and had no previous acting experience; in the end, Corman provided mostly actors without film credits but with experiences on stage and on television.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012445_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012445-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filming">Filming</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Filming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The filming of <i>Once Upon a Time in America</i> started in June 1982 and eventually ended in April the next year. The locations where the shooting took place were in and around US, Canada, Italy, and France, with a focal point in New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Interior scenes were mostly filmed at the <a href="/wiki/Cinecitt%C3%A0_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinecittà Studios">Cinecittà Studios</a> in Rome.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The beach scene, where Max unveils his plan to rob the Federal Reserve, was shot at <a href="/wiki/The_Don_CeSar" title="The Don CeSar">The Don CeSar</a> in <a href="/wiki/St._Pete_Beach,_Florida" title="St. Pete Beach, Florida">St. Pete Beach, Florida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The New York's railway "Grand Central Station" scene in the thirties flashbacks was filmed in the <a href="/wiki/Gare_du_Nord" title="Gare du Nord">Gare du Nord</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-movie-locations.com_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-movie-locations.com-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The interiors of the lavish restaurant where Noodles takes Deborah on their date were shot in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hotel_Excelsior_(Venice)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hotel Excelsior (Venice) (page does not exist)">Hotel Excelsior</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotel_Excelsior_(Lido_di_Venezia)" class="extiw" title="it:Hotel Excelsior (Lido di Venezia)">it</a>]</span> in <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-movie-locations.com_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-movie-locations.com-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shooting in New York proved to be difficult, as the <a href="/wiki/International_Alliance_of_Theatrical_Stage_Employees" title="International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees">IATSE</a> labor union raised a strong controversy over Leone's use of a foreign crew, and launched such a massive public protest campaign that President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> called for a Department of Labour investigation into the matter.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012455_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012455-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De Niro shot his scenes in chronological continuity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012440_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012440-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His make-up as an old man required four to six hours of preparation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012440_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012440-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a few weeks Nilo Jacoponi, <a href="/wiki/Manlio_Rocchetti" title="Manlio Rocchetti">Manlio Rocchetti</a> and Gino Zamprioli replaced <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Tucker" title="Christopher Tucker">Christopher Tucker</a>, whose make-up was considered excessive and unrealistic by Leone.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012440_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012440-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Editing">Editing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Editing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the end of filming, Leone had ten hours worth of footage. With his editor, <a href="/wiki/Nino_Baragli" title="Nino Baragli">Nino Baragli</a>, Leone trimmed this to almost six hours, and he originally wanted to release the film in two parts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes2006163_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes2006163-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The producers refused, partly because of the commercial and critical failure of <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Bertolucci" title="Bernardo Bertolucci">Bernardo Bertolucci</a>'s two-part <i><a href="/wiki/1900_(film)" title="1900 (film)">1900</a></i>, and Leone was forced to further shorten it.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film was originally 269 minutes (4 hours and 29 minutes), but when the film premiered out of competition at the <a href="/wiki/1984_Cannes_Film_Festival" title="1984 Cannes Film Festival">1984 Cannes Film Festival</a>, Leone had cut it to 229 minutes (3 hours and 49 minutes) to appease the distributors, which was the version shown in European cinemas.<sup id="cite_ref-festival-cannes.com_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-festival-cannes.com-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Film_score" title="Film score">musical score</a> was composed by Leone's longtime collaborator <a href="/wiki/Ennio_Morricone" title="Ennio Morricone">Ennio Morricone</a>. "Deborah's Theme" was written for a <a href="/wiki/Franco_Zeffirelli" title="Franco Zeffirelli">Franco Zeffirelli</a> film but was rejected.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012427_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012427-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The score is also notable for Morricone's incorporation of the music of <a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Zamfir" title="Gheorghe Zamfir">Gheorghe Zamfir</a>, who plays a <a href="/wiki/Pan_flute" title="Pan flute">pan flute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012427_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012427-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zamfir's flute music was used to similar effect in <a href="/wiki/Peter_Weir" title="Peter Weir">Peter Weir</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Picnic_at_Hanging_Rock_(film)" title="Picnic at Hanging Rock (film)">Picnic at Hanging Rock</a></i> (1975).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes2006163_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes2006163-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Morricone also collaborated with vocalist <a href="/wiki/Edda_Dell%27Orso" title="Edda Dell'Orso">Edda Dell'Orso</a> on the score. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vevent haudio"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary album" style="font-style: italic; color: inherit; background-color: gainsboro; font-size: 125%;">Once Upon a Time in America</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header description" style="color: #202122;background-color: gainsboro"><a href="/wiki/Soundtrack_album" title="Soundtrack album">Soundtrack album</a> by <div class="contributor" style="display:inline"><a href="/wiki/Ennio_Morricone" title="Ennio Morricone">Ennio Morricone</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Released</th><td class="infobox-data published"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>June 1, 1984</li> <li>October 17, 1995 <small>(Special edition)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Recorded</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist">December 1983</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Studio</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Forum_Music_Village" title="Forum Music Village">Forum Studios</a>, Rome</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Music_genre" title="Music genre">Genre</a></th><td class="infobox-data category hlist"><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_classical_music" title="Contemporary classical music">Contemporary classical</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Record_label" title="Record label">Label</a></th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><a href="/wiki/Mercury_Records" title="Mercury Records">Mercury Records</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Record_producer" title="Record producer">Producer</a></th><td class="infobox-data hlist">Ennio Morricone</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: gainsboro">Special Edition cover</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Besides the original music, the film used <a href="/wiki/Source_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Source music">source music</a>, including:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes2006162_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes2006162-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/God_Bless_America" title="God Bless America">God Bless America</a>" (written by <a href="/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin">Irving Berlin</a>, performed by <a href="/wiki/Kate_Smith" title="Kate Smith">Kate Smith</a> – 1943) – Plays over the opening credits from a radio in Eve's bedroom and briefly at the film's ending.</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Yesterday_(Beatles_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yesterday (Beatles song)">Yesterday</a>" (written by <a href="/wiki/Lennon%E2%80%93McCartney" title="Lennon–McCartney">Lennon–McCartney</a> – 1965) – A <a href="/wiki/Elevator_music" title="Elevator music">Muzak</a> version of this piece plays when Noodles first returns to New York in 1968, examining himself in a train station mirror. An instrumental version of the song also plays briefly during the dialogue scene between Noodles and "Bailey" towards the end of the film.</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Summertime_(George_Gershwin_song)" title="Summertime (George Gershwin song)">Summertime</a>" (written by <a href="/wiki/George_Gershwin" title="George Gershwin">George Gershwin</a> – 1935) An instrumental version of the <a href="/wiki/Aria" title="Aria">aria</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Porgy_and_Bess" title="Porgy and Bess">Porgy and Bess</a></i> is playing softly in the background as Noodles, just before leaving, explains to "Secretary Bailey" why he could never kill his friend.</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Amapola_(song)" title="Amapola (song)">Amapola</a>" (written by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lacalle" title="Joseph Lacalle">Joseph Lacalle</a>, American lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Gamse" title="Albert Gamse">Albert Gamse</a> – 1923) – Originally an opera piece, several instrumental versions of this song were played during the film; a jazzy version, which was played on the gramophone danced to by young Deborah in 1918; a similar version played by Fat Moe's jazz band in the speakeasy in 1930; and a string version, during Noodles' date with Deborah. Both versions are available on the soundtrack.</li> <li>Part of the third theme from the overture to <i><a href="/wiki/La_gazza_ladra" title="La gazza ladra">La gazza ladra</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Gioachino_Rossini" title="Gioachino Rossini">Gioachino Rossini</a> – 1817) – Used during the baby-switching scene in the hospital.</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Night_and_Day_(song)" title="Night and Day (song)">Night and Day</a>" (written and sung by <a href="/wiki/Cole_Porter" title="Cole Porter">Cole Porter</a> – 1932) – Played by a jazz band during the beach scene before the beachgoers receive word of Prohibition's repeal, and during the party at the house of "Secretary Bailey" in 1968.</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/St._James_Infirmary_Blues" title="St. James Infirmary Blues">St. James Infirmary Blues</a>" is used during the Prohibition "funeral" at the gang's speakeasy.</li></ul> <p>A soundtrack album was released in 1984 by <a href="/wiki/Mercury_Records" title="Mercury Records">Mercury Records</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was followed by a special-edition release in 1995, featuring four additional tracks.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236635009">.mw-parser-output .tracklist{border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .tracklist tr{background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff)}.mw-parser-output .tracklist tr:nth-child(2n-1){background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .tracklist caption{text-align:left;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .tracklist td,.mw-parser-output .tracklist th[scope="row"]{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .tracklist th[scope="col"]{text-align:left;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}.mw-parser-output .tracklist th.tracklist-length-header,.mw-parser-output .tracklist th.tracklist-number-header,.mw-parser-output .tracklist th[scope="row"],.mw-parser-output .tracklist-length,.mw-parser-output .tracklist-total-length td{padding-right:10px;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tracklist th[scope="row"]{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .tracklist-number-header{width:2em;padding-left:10px}.mw-parser-output .tracklist-length-header{width:4em}.mw-parser-output .tracklist tr.tracklist-total-length{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tracklist .tracklist-total-length th{padding:0;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .tracklist-total-length th>span{float:right;padding:0 10px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}.mw-parser-output .tracklist-total-length td{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);font-weight:bold;padding:0 10px 0 0}</style><div class="track-listing"><table class="tracklist"><caption>Side one</caption><tbody><tr><th class="tracklist-number-header" scope="col"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr></th><th scope="col" style="width:100%">Title</th><th class="tracklist-length-header" scope="col">Length</th></tr><tr><th id="track1" scope="row">1.</th><td>"Once Upon a Time in America"</td><td class="tracklist-length">2:11</td></tr><tr><th id="track2" scope="row">2.</th><td>"Poverty"</td><td class="tracklist-length">3:37</td></tr><tr><th id="track3" scope="row">3.</th><td>"Deborah's Theme"</td><td class="tracklist-length">4:24</td></tr><tr><th id="track4" scope="row">4.</th><td>"Childhood Memories"</td><td class="tracklist-length">3:22</td></tr><tr><th id="track5" scope="row">5.</th><td>"Amapola"</td><td class="tracklist-length">5:21</td></tr><tr><th id="track6" scope="row">6.</th><td>"Friends"</td><td class="tracklist-length">1:34</td></tr><tr><th id="track7" scope="row">7.</th><td>"Prohibition Dirge"</td><td class="tracklist-length">4:20</td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236635009"><div class="track-listing"><table class="tracklist"><caption>Side two</caption><tbody><tr><th class="tracklist-number-header" scope="col"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr></th><th scope="col" style="width:100%">Title</th><th class="tracklist-length-header" scope="col">Length</th></tr><tr><th id="track8" scope="row">8.</th><td>"Cockeye's Song"</td><td class="tracklist-length">4:20</td></tr><tr><th id="track9" scope="row">9.</th><td>"Amapola, Part II"</td><td class="tracklist-length">3:07</td></tr><tr><th id="track10" scope="row">10.</th><td>"Childhood Poverty"</td><td class="tracklist-length">1:41</td></tr><tr><th id="track11" scope="row">11.</th><td>"Photographic Memories"</td><td class="tracklist-length">1:00</td></tr><tr><th id="track12" scope="row">12.</th><td>"Friends – Reprise"</td><td class="tracklist-length">1:23</td></tr><tr><th id="track13" scope="row">13.</th><td>"Friendship & Love"</td><td class="tracklist-length">4:14</td></tr><tr><th id="track14" scope="row">14.</th><td>"Speakeasy"</td><td class="tracklist-length">2:21</td></tr><tr><th id="track15" scope="row">15.</th><td>"Deborah's Theme – Amapola"</td><td class="tracklist-length">6:13</td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236635009"><div class="track-listing"><table class="tracklist"><caption>Bonus tracks (1995 Special Edition)</caption><tbody><tr><th class="tracklist-number-header" scope="col"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr></th><th scope="col" style="width:100%">Title</th><th class="tracklist-length-header" scope="col">Length</th></tr><tr><th id="track16" scope="row">16.</th><td>"Suite from Once Upon a Time in America (Includes Amapola)"</td><td class="tracklist-length">13:32</td></tr><tr><th id="track17" scope="row">17.</th><td>"Poverty (Temp. Version)"</td><td class="tracklist-length">3:26</td></tr><tr><th id="track18" scope="row">18.</th><td>"Unused Theme"</td><td class="tracklist-length">4:46</td></tr><tr><th id="track19" scope="row">19.</th><td>"Unused Theme (Version 2)"</td><td class="tracklist-length">3:38</td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Release">Release</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Release"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Once Upon a Time in America</i> premiered at the <a href="/wiki/1984_Cannes_Film_Festival" title="1984 Cannes Film Festival">1984 Cannes Film Festival</a> on May 20, 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012460–61_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012460–61-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It received a 15-minute standing ovation after the screening.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States, a heavily edited version of the film received a wide release in 894 theaters on June 1, 1984, and grossed $2.4 million during its opening weekend.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It ended its box office run with a gross of just over $5.3 million on a $30 million budget,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and became a <a href="/wiki/Box_office_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Box office bomb">box office bomb</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCarty2005235_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCarty2005235-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Numerous women at the film's premiere reacted furiously, mostly due to the two rape sequences. One among them later confronted Robert De Niro in a <a href="/wiki/Press_conference" title="Press conference">press conference</a> and made harsh comments to the film's depiction, describing it as "blatant, gratuitous violence".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEberweinBell-Metereau201026–27_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEberweinBell-Metereau201026–27-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In general, the rape scenes specifically were controversial.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Richard Godden defended Leone's representation of rape, saying that it "articulates the dysfunction between bodies in images and bodies themselves". Of the scene in which De Niro's character rapes her character, Elizabeth McGovern said it "didn't glamorize violent sex: it is extremely uncomfortable to watch and it is meant to be". She went on to state:<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>And if you say, "this violence is wrong", you'd have to enlarge that to say, "all violence in movies in wrong", and then you'd have to say, "you can only make movies about good people who obey the law and do right things" which a) excludes a lot of what life is and b) makes for some very boring movies.</p></blockquote> <p>In his book, Leone scholar <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Frayling" title="Christopher Frayling">Christopher Frayling</a> argues that the movie's central gang are all emotionally stunted: "like small boys obsessed with their equipment who have no idea how to relate to flesh-and-blood women".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Versions">Versions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Versions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="US_version">US version</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: US version"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The film was shown in <a href="/wiki/Limited_release" class="mw-redirect" title="Limited release">limited release</a> and for film critics in North America, where it was slightly trimmed to secure an "R" rating. Cuts were made to two rape scenes and some of the more graphic violence at the beginning. Noodles' meeting with Bailey in 1968 was also excised. The film gained a mediocre reception at several sneak premieres in North America. Because of this early audience reaction, the fear of its length, its graphic violence, and the inability of theaters to have multiple showings in one day, <a href="/wiki/The_Ladd_Company" title="The Ladd Company">The Ladd Company</a> cut entire scenes and removed approximately 90 minutes of the film,<sup id="cite_ref-Sokol_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sokol-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> without the supervision of Sergio Leone. </p><p>This American wide release (1984, 139 minutes) was drastically different from the European release, as the non-chronological story was rearranged into chronological order. Other major cuts involved many of the childhood sequences, making the adult 1933 sections more prominent. Noodles' 1968 meeting with Deborah was excised, and the scene with Bailey ends with him shooting himself (with the sound of a gunshot off screen) rather than the garbage truck conclusion of the 229-minute version.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes2006_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes2006-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Sergio Leone's daughter, Raffaella Leone, said that Leone had dismissed the US version as not his own movie.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="USSR">USSR</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: USSR"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, the film was shown theatrically in the late 1980s, with other Hollywood blockbusters such as the two <i>King Kong</i> films. The story was rearranged in chronological order and the film was split in two, with the two parts shown as separate movies, one containing the childhood scenes and the other comprising the adulthood scenes. Despite the rearranging, no major scene deletions were made.<sup id="cite_ref-OUTSL_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OUTSL-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Restored_original">Restored original</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Restored original"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:De_Niro_McGovern_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/De_Niro_McGovern_2012.jpg/220px-De_Niro_McGovern_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/De_Niro_McGovern_2012.jpg/330px-De_Niro_McGovern_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/De_Niro_McGovern_2012.jpg/440px-De_Niro_McGovern_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_McGovern" title="Elizabeth McGovern">Elizabeth McGovern</a> at the screening of the film's restored version, during the <a href="/wiki/2012_Cannes_Film_Festival" title="2012 Cannes Film Festival">2012 Cannes Film Festival</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In March 2011, it was announced that Leone's original 269-minute version was to be re-created by a film lab in Italy under the supervision of Leone's children, who had acquired the Italian distribution rights, and the film's original sound editor, Fausto Ancillai, for a premiere in 2012 at either the <a href="/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival" title="Cannes Film Festival">Cannes Film Festival</a> or <a href="/wiki/Venice_Film_Festival" title="Venice Film Festival">Venice Film Festival</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The restored film premiered at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival, but because of unforeseen rights issues for the deleted scenes, the restoration had a runtime of only 251 minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (whose Film Foundation helped with the restoration) stated that he was helping Leone's children gain the rights to the final 24 minutes of deleted scenes to create a complete restoration of Leone's envisaged 269-minute version. On August 3, 2012, it was reported that after the premiere at Cannes, the restored film was pulled from circulation, pending further restoration work.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Home_media">Home media</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Home media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In North America, a two-tape VHS was released by <a href="/wiki/Warner_Home_Video" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Home Video">Warner Home Video</a> with a runtime of 226 minutes in February 1985 and 1991. The U.S. theatrical cut was also released at the same time in February 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A two-disc special edition was released on June 10, 2003, featuring the 229-minute version of the film.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This special edition was re-released on January 11, 2011, on both DVD and Blu-ray.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On September 30, 2014, Warner Bros. released a two-disc Blu-ray and DVD set of the 251-minute restoration shown at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival, dubbed the <i>Extended Director's Cut</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This version was previously released in Italy, on September 4, 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Critical_reception">Critical reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Critical reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The initial critical response to <i>Once Upon a Time in America</i> was mixed, because of the different versions released worldwide. While internationally the film was well received in its original form, American critics were much more dissatisfied with the 139-minute version released in North America. This condensed version was a critical and financial disaster,<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and many American critics who knew of Leone's original cut attacked the short version. </p><p>Some critics compared shortening the film to shortening <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Richard Wagner</a>'s operas, saying that works of art that are meant to be long should be given the respect they deserve. In his 1984 review, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Roger Ebert</a> gave the uncut version four stars out of four and wrote that it was "an epic poem of violence and greed", but described the American theatrical version as a "travesty".<sup id="cite_ref-Ebert84_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ebert84-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, he gave the American theatrical version one star out of four, calling it "an incomprehensible mess without texture, timing, mood, or sense".<sup id="cite_ref-Ebert_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ebert-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ebert's television film critic partner <a href="/wiki/Gene_Siskel" title="Gene Siskel">Gene Siskel</a> considered the uncut version to be the best film of 1984 and the shortened, linear studio version to be the worst film of 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-Siskel_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siskel-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Canby" title="Vincent Canby">Vincent Canby</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> criticized the <a href="/wiki/Nonlinear_narrative" title="Nonlinear narrative">nonlinear narrative</a> that is structured throughout the film.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was only after Leone's death and the subsequent restoration of the original version that critics began to give it the kind of praise displayed at its original Cannes showing. The uncut original film is considered to be far superior to the edited version released in the U.S. in 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ebert, in his review of <a href="/wiki/Brian_De_Palma" title="Brian De Palma">Brian De Palma</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Untouchables_(film)" title="The Untouchables (film)">The Untouchables</a></i>, called the original uncut version of <i>Once Upon a Time in America</i> the best film depicting the Prohibition era.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/James_Woods" title="James Woods">James Woods</a>, who considers it to be Leone's finest film, mentioned in the DVD documentary that one critic dubbed the film the worst of 1984, only to see the original cut years later and call it the best of the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-OUTSL_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OUTSL-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some were critical towards the movie's graphic violence and cruelty, with Donald Clarke of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Times" title="The Irish Times">The Irish Times</a></i> condemning it as a "fistful of <a href="/wiki/Misogyny" title="Misogyny">misogyny</a>" and "offensively <a href="/wiki/Sexism" title="Sexism">sexist</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the <a href="/wiki/Review_aggregator" title="Review aggregator">review aggregator</a> website <a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a>, <i>Once Upon a Time in America</i> has an approval rating of 86% based on 56 reviews, with an average score of 8.60/10. The website's critic consensus reads: "Sergio Leone's epic crime drama is visually stunning, stylistically bold, and emotionally haunting, and filled with great performances from the likes of Robert De Niro and James Woods."<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On <a href="/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a>, the film has a <a href="/wiki/Weighted_average" class="mw-redirect" title="Weighted average">weighted average</a> score of 75 out of 100 based on reviews from 20 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The film has since been ranked as one of the best films of the <a href="/wiki/Mob_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Mob film">gangster genre</a>. In <i><a href="/wiki/Empire_(magazine)" title="Empire (magazine)">Empire</a></i> magazine, critic Adam Smith compared the film favourably to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Godfather_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Godfather (film)">The Godfather</a></i>, saying: "Leone's film is arguably the better of the two – if the less popular – eschewing, as it does, the soapy melodramatics of Coppola's family saga in favour of less audience-friendly, but more intriguing, ambiguity and symbolism."<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When <i><a href="/wiki/Sight_%26_Sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Sight & Sound">Sight & Sound</a></i> asked several UK critics in 2002 what their favorite films of the last 25 years were, <i>Once Upon a Time in America</i> placed at number 10.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015, the film was ranked at number nine on <i><a href="/wiki/Time_Out_(magazine)" title="Time Out (magazine)">Time Out</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s list of the 50 best gangster films of all time,<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while in 2021, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> cited it as the fourth greatest mobster film ever made.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2023, <i><a href="/wiki/The_A.V._Club" title="The A.V. Club">The A.V. Club</a></i> ranked it seventh in its list of the greatest gangster movies of all time.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accolades">Accolades</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Accolades"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unlike its modern critical success, the initial American release did not fare well with critics and received no <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a> nominations.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film's music was disqualified from Oscar consideration for a technicality,<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as the studio accidentally omitted the composer's name from the opening credits when trimming its running time for the American release.<sup id="cite_ref-OUTSL_58-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OUTSL-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Award</th> <th>Category</th> <th>Nominee</th> <th>Result </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/38th_British_Academy_Film_Awards" title="38th British Academy Film Awards">38th British Academy Film Awards</a><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design" title="BAFTA Award for Best Costume Design">Best Costume Design</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gabriella_Pescucci" title="Gabriella Pescucci">Gabriella Pescucci</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Film_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="BAFTA Award for Best Film Music">Best Film Music</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ennio_Morricone" title="Ennio Morricone">Ennio Morricone</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Direction" title="BAFTA Award for Best Direction">Best Direction</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Leone" title="Sergio Leone">Sergio Leone</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Actress_in_a_Supporting_Role" title="BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role">Best Actress in a Supporting Role</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tuesday_Weld" title="Tuesday Weld">Tuesday Weld</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Cinematography" title="BAFTA Award for Best Cinematography">Best Cinematography</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tonino_Delli_Colli" title="Tonino Delli Colli">Tonino Delli Colli</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/42nd_Golden_Globe_Awards" title="42nd Golden Globe Awards">42nd Golden Globe Awards</a><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Director">Best Director</a> </td> <td>Sergio Leone </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Original_Score" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score">Best Original Score</a> </td> <td>Ennio Morricone </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td>8th <a href="/wiki/Japan_Academy_Film_Prize" title="Japan Academy Film Prize">Japan Academy Film Prize</a><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Japan_Academy_Film_Prize_for_Outstanding_Foreign_Language_Film" title="Japan Academy Film Prize for Outstanding Foreign Language Film">Outstanding Foreign Language Film</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">–</div> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/1984_Los_Angeles_Film_Critics_Association_Awards" title="1984 Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards">10th Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards</a><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Film_Critics_Association_Award_for_Best_Film" title="Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Film">Best Film</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">–</div> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Film_Critics_Association_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Director">Best Director</a> </td> <td>Sergio Leone </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td>Best Music Score </td> <td>Ennio Morricone </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_cut_over_the_director%27s_opposition" title="List of films cut over the director's opposition">List of films cut over the director's opposition</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-trove-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-trove_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/7643203">"Once Upon a Time in America"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Trove" title="Trove">Trove</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161012074633/http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/7643203">Archived</a> from the original on October 12, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 11,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Trove&rft.atitle=Once+Upon+a+Time+in+America&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fwork%2F7643203&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BFI-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BFI_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BFI_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201114151424/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b6e31e32e">"Once Upon a Time in America (1983)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film Institute</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b6e31e32e">the original</a> on November 14, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 1,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Film+Institute&rft.atitle=Once+Upon+a+Time+in+America+%281983%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfi.org.uk%2Ffilms-tv-people%2F4ce2b6e31e32e&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lum-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lum_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lum_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lum_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lumiere.obs.coe.int/web/film_info/?id=23484">"Once Upon a Time in America (EN) [Original title]"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/European_Audiovisual_Observatory" title="European Audiovisual Observatory">European Audiovisual Observatory</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180624042620/http://lumiere.obs.coe.int/web/film_info/?id=23484">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Audiovisual+Observatory&rft.atitle=Once+Upon+a+Time+in+America+%28EN%29+%5BOriginal+title%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flumiere.obs.coe.int%2Fweb%2Ffilm_info%2F%3Fid%3D23484&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0087843/?ref_=bo_rl_ti">"<i>Once Upon a Time in America</i> (1984)"</a>. <i>Boxofficemojo.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190929044835/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=onceuponatimeinamerica.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 29, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Boxofficemojo.com&rft.atitle=Once+Upon+a+Time+in+America+%281984%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boxofficemojo.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0087843%2F%3Fref_%3Dbo_rl_ti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bfi.org.uk/features/fistful-dynamite-duck-you-sucker-sergio-leone">"The Film with Three Names – in Praise of Sergio Leone's Neglected Spaghetti Western"</a>. <i>British Film Institute</i>. April 24, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190602154820/https://www.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/news-bfi/features/fistful-dynamite-duck-you-sucker-sergio-leone">Archived</a> from the original on June 2, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Film+Institute&rft.atitle=The+Film+with+Three+Names+%E2%80%93+in+Praise+of+Sergio+Leone%27s+Neglected+Spaghetti+Western&rft.date=2018-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfi.org.uk%2Ffeatures%2Ffistful-dynamite-duck-you-sucker-sergio-leone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESimsolo1987-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimsolo1987_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSimsolo1987">Simsolo 1987</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchickel" class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Schickel" title="Richard Schickel">Schickel, Richard</a>. <i>Once Upon a Time in America</i> (DVD).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Once+Upon+a+Time+in+America&rft.aulast=Schickel&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAffatigato2018" class="citation web cs1">Affatigato, Carlo (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://auralcrave.com/en/2018/08/16/the-mysterious-ending-of-once-upon-a-time-in-america/">"The mysterious ending of <i>Once Upon a Time in America</i>"</a>. <i>Auralcrave</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210831172239/https://auralcrave.com/en/2018/08/16/the-mysterious-ending-of-once-upon-a-time-in-america/">Archived</a> from the original on August 31, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 1,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Auralcrave&rft.atitle=The+mysterious+ending+of+Once+Upon+a+Time+in+America&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Affatigato&rft.aufirst=Carlo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fauralcrave.com%2Fen%2F2018%2F08%2F16%2Fthe-mysterious-ending-of-once-upon-a-time-in-america%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><i>Once Upon a Time in America</i> (DVD audio commentary).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Once+Upon+a+Time+in+America&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ebert84-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ebert84_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ebert84_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbert1984" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Ebert, Roger</a> (January 1, 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/once-upon-a-time-in-america-1984">"<i>Once Upon A Time in America</i>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Sun-Times" title="Chicago Sun-Times">Chicago Sun-Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130502002533/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/once-upon-a-time-in-america-1984">Archived</a> from the original on May 2, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 8,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Once+Upon+A+Time+in+America&rft.date=1984-01-01&rft.aulast=Ebert&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rogerebert.com%2Freviews%2Fonce-upon-a-time-in-america-1984&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacnab2012" class="citation news cs1">Macnab, Geoffrey (May 15, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/martin-scorsese-breathes-new-life-into-gangster-classic-once-upon-a-time-in-america-7746578.html">"Martin Scorsese breathes new life into gangster classic <i>Once Upon a Time in America</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402151710/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/martin-scorsese-breathes-new-life-into-gangster-classic-once-upon-a-time-in-america-7746578.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 2, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Martin+Scorsese+breathes+new+life+into+gangster+classic+Once+Upon+a+Time+in+America&rft.date=2012-05-15&rft.aulast=Macnab&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Ffilms%2Ffeatures%2Fmartin-scorsese-breathes-new-life-into-gangster-classic-once-upon-a-time-in-america-7746578.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012389–90-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012389–90_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrayling2012">Frayling 2012</a>, pp. 389–90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roger_Fristoe-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Roger_Fristoe_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roger_Fristoe_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoger_Fristoe" class="citation web cs1">Roger Fristoe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140716203520/http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/191909%7c191910/Sergio-Leone-Profile.html">"Sergio Leone Profile"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Turner_Classic_Movies" title="Turner Classic Movies">Turner Classic Movies</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article=191909%7c191910/Sergio-Leone-Profile.html">the original</a> on July 16, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 25,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sergio+Leone+Profile&rft.pub=Turner+Classic+Movies&rft.au=Roger+Fristoe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tcm.com%2Fthis-month%2Farticle%3D191909%257c191910%2FSergio-Leone-Profile.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SL-NYT-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SL-NYT_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SL-NYT_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLucia_Bozzola2014" class="citation news cs1">Lucia Bozzola (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140716203731/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/person/99378/Sergio-Leone/biography">"Sergio Leone"</a>. Movies & TV Dept. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/movies/person/99378/Sergio-Leone/biography">the original</a> on July 16, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 25,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Sergio+Leone&rft.date=2014&rft.au=Lucia+Bozzola&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fmovies%2Fperson%2F99378%2FSergio-Leone%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012396–9-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012396–9_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrayling2012">Frayling 2012</a>, pp. 396–9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012394–5-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012394–5_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrayling2012">Frayling 2012</a>, pp. 394–5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012393–5-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012393–5_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrayling2012">Frayling 2012</a>, pp. 393–5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012395-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012395_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrayling2012">Frayling 2012</a>, p. 395.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012395–6-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012395–6_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrayling2012">Frayling 2012</a>, pp. 395–6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012399–400-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012399–400_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrayling2012">Frayling 2012</a>, pp. 399–400.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sokol-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sokol_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sokol_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSokol2021" class="citation web cs1">Sokol, Tony (September 22, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.denofgeek.com/movies/once-upon-a-time-in-america-can-never-be-too-long/?amp">"<i>Once Upon a Time in America</i> Is a Movie That Can Never Be Too Long"</a>. <i>Den of Geek</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220605091308/https://www.denofgeek.com/movies/once-upon-a-time-in-america-can-never-be-too-long/?amp">Archived</a> from the original on June 5, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 11,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Den+of+Geek&rft.atitle=Once+Upon+a+Time+in+America+Is+a+Movie+That+Can+Never+Be+Too+Long&rft.date=2021-09-22&rft.aulast=Sokol&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.denofgeek.com%2Fmovies%2Fonce-upon-a-time-in-america-can-never-be-too-long%2F%3Famp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012404–5-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012404–5_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrayling2012">Frayling 2012</a>, pp. 404–5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012406-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012406_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012406_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrayling2012">Frayling 2012</a>, p. 406.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012432-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012432_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrayling2012">Frayling 2012</a>, p. 432.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012433-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012433_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrayling2012">Frayling 2012</a>, p. 433.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012407-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012407_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrayling2012">Frayling 2012</a>, p. 407.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012434–6-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012434–6_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrayling2012">Frayling 2012</a>, pp. 434–6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012437–9-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012437–9_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrayling2012">Frayling 2012</a>, pp. 437–9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012437-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012437_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrayling2012">Frayling 2012</a>, p. 437.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012441-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012441_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012441_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012441_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrayling2012">Frayling 2012</a>, p. 441.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012441–2-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012441–2_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrayling2012">Frayling 2012</a>, pp. 441–2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012445-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012445_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrayling2012">Frayling 2012</a>, p. 445.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMukhopadhyay2021" class="citation web cs1">Mukhopadhyay, Arka (September 3, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thecinemaholic.com/where-was-once-upon-a-time-in-america-filmed/">"Where Was <i>Once Upon a Time in America</i> Filmed?"</a>. <i>The Cinemaholic</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211016175747/https://thecinemaholic.com/where-was-once-upon-a-time-in-america-filmed/">Archived</a> from the original on October 16, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 16,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Cinemaholic&rft.atitle=Where+Was+Once+Upon+a+Time+in+America+Filmed%3F&rft.date=2021-09-03&rft.aulast=Mukhopadhyay&rft.aufirst=Arka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthecinemaholic.com%2Fwhere-was-once-upon-a-time-in-america-filmed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latlong.net/location/once-upon-a-time-in-america-locations-355">"<i>Once Upon a Time in America</i> Locations"</a>. <i>LatLong.net</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211025231719/https://www.latlong.net/location/once-upon-a-time-in-america-locations-355">Archived</a> from the original on October 25, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LatLong.net&rft.atitle=Once+Upon+a+Time+in+America+Locations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latlong.net%2Flocation%2Fonce-upon-a-time-in-america-locations-355&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151121124508/https://www.loewshotels.com/don-cesar/history">"History of Loews Don CeSar Hotel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Loews_Hotels" title="Loews Hotels">Loews Hotels</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loewshotels.com/don-cesar/history">the original</a> on November 21, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 29,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Loews+Don+CeSar+Hotel&rft.pub=Loews+Hotels&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loewshotels.com%2Fdon-cesar%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-movie-locations.com-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-movie-locations.com_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-movie-locations.com_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101211184629/http://www.movie-locations.com/movies/o/onceamerica.html">"The Worldwide Guide to Movie Locations"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://movie-locations.com/movies/o/onceamerica.html">the original</a> on December 11, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Worldwide+Guide+to+Movie+Locations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmovie-locations.com%2Fmovies%2Fo%2Fonceamerica.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012455-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012455_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrayling2012">Frayling 2012</a>, p. 455.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012440-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012440_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012440_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012440_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrayling2012">Frayling 2012</a>, p. 440.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes2006163-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes2006163_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes2006163_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHughes2006">Hughes 2006</a>, p. 163.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJagernauth2014" class="citation web cs1">Jagernauth, Kevin (June 9, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiewire.com/2014/06/sergio-leones-extended-directors-cut-of-once-upon-a-time-in-america-coming-to-blu-ray-85044/amp/">"Sergio Leone's Extended Director's Cut of <i>Once Upon a Time in America</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IndieWire" title="IndieWire">IndieWire</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210908133300/https://www.indiewire.com/2014/06/sergio-leones-extended-directors-cut-of-once-upon-a-time-in-america-coming-to-blu-ray-85044/amp/">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IndieWire&rft.atitle=Sergio+Leone%27s+Extended+Director%27s+Cut+of+Once+Upon+a+Time+in+America&rft.date=2014-06-09&rft.aulast=Jagernauth&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiewire.com%2F2014%2F06%2Fsergio-leones-extended-directors-cut-of-once-upon-a-time-in-america-coming-to-blu-ray-85044%2Famp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-festival-cannes.com-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-festival-cannes.com_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.festival-cannes.com/en/festival/films/once-upon-a-time-in-america">"Festival de Cannes: <i>Once Upon a Time in America</i>"</a>. <i>Festival-cannes.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220605091310/https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/festival/films/once-upon-a-time-in-america">Archived</a> from the original on June 5, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Festival-cannes.com&rft.atitle=Festival+de+Cannes%3A+Once+Upon+a+Time+in+America&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.festival-cannes.com%2Fen%2Ffestival%2Ffilms%2Fonce-upon-a-time-in-america&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012427-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012427_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012427_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrayling2012">Frayling 2012</a>, p. 427.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTorikian2003" class="citation web cs1">Torikian, Messrob (August 25, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soundtrack.net/albums/database/?id=1894">"Once Upon a Time in America (1984)"</a>. Soundtrack. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121007004241/http://www.soundtrack.net/albums/database/?id=1894">Archived</a> from the original on October 7, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 19,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Once+Upon+a+Time+in+America+%281984%29&rft.pub=Soundtrack&rft.date=2003-08-25&rft.aulast=Torikian&rft.aufirst=Messrob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soundtrack.net%2Falbums%2Fdatabase%2F%3Fid%3D1894&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes2006162-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes2006162_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHughes2006">Hughes 2006</a>, p. 162.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soundtrack.net/album/once-upon-a-time-in-america-morricone/">"Once Upon a Time in America (1984) Soundtrack"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Soundtrack.Net" title="Soundtrack.Net">Soundtrack.Net</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402143747/http://www.soundtrack.net/album/once-upon-a-time-in-america-morricone/">Archived</a> from the original on April 2, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 24,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Soundtrack.Net&rft.atitle=Once+Upon+a+Time+in+America+%281984%29+Soundtrack&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soundtrack.net%2Falbum%2Fonce-upon-a-time-in-america-morricone%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/once-upon-a-time-in-america-special-edition-mw0000473231">"Once Upon a Time in America [Special Edition] – Ennio Morricone"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/All_Media_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="All Media Network">All Media Network</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151122080626/http://www.allmusic.com/album/once-upon-a-time-in-america-special-edition-mw0000473231">Archived</a> from the original on November 22, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 24,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Once+Upon+a+Time+in+America+%5BSpecial+Edition%5D+%E2%80%93+Ennio+Morricone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Fonce-upon-a-time-in-america-special-edition-mw0000473231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012460–61-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012460–61_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrayling2012">Frayling 2012</a>, pp. 460–61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNero2018" class="citation web cs1">Nero, Dom (July 3, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esquire.com/entertainment/movies/a22028586/once-upon-a-time-in-america-sergio-leone/">"One of the Best Movies About America Was Made By an Outsider"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Esquire_(magazine)" title="Esquire (magazine)">Esquire</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200417161551/https://www.esquire.com/entertainment/movies/a22028586/once-upon-a-time-in-america-sergio-leone/">Archived</a> from the original on April 17, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 21,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Esquire&rft.atitle=One+of+the+Best+Movies+About+America+Was+Made+By+an+Outsider&rft.date=2018-07-03&rft.aulast=Nero&rft.aufirst=Dom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.esquire.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmovies%2Fa22028586%2Fonce-upon-a-time-in-america-sergio-leone%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=onceuponatimeinamerica.htm">"Once Upon a Time in America"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402131323/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=onceuponatimeinamerica.htm">Archived</a> from the original on April 2, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Box+Office+Mojo&rft.atitle=Once+Upon+a+Time+in+America&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boxofficemojo.com%2Fmovies%2F%3Fid%3Donceuponatimeinamerica.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Once-Upon-a-Time-in-America#tab=summary">"Once Upon a Time in America"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Numbers_(website)" title="The Numbers (website)">The Numbers</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402180314/http://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Once-Upon-a-Time-in-America#tab=summary">Archived</a> from the original on April 2, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Numbers&rft.atitle=Once+Upon+a+Time+in+America&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.the-numbers.com%2Fmovie%2FOnce-Upon-a-Time-in-America%23tab%3Dsummary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCarty2005235-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCarty2005235_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcCarty2005">McCarty 2005</a>, p. 235.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEberweinBell-Metereau201026–27-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEberweinBell-Metereau201026–27_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEberweinBell-Metereau2010">Eberwein & Bell-Metereau 2010</a>, pp. 26–27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/elizabeth-mcgovern-de-niro-and-me-109588.html?amp">"Elizabeth McGovern: De Niro and Me"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. October 14, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220605091344/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/elizabeth-mcgovern-de-niro-and-me-109588.html?amp">Archived</a> from the original on June 5, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Elizabeth+McGovern%3A+De+Niro+and+Me&rft.date=2013-10-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Ffilms%2Ffeatures%2Felizabeth-mcgovern-de-niro-and-me-109588.html%3Famp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrayling2000" class="citation book cs1">Frayling, Christopher (2000). <i>Sergio Leone: Something To Do With Death</i>. London: Faber and Faber. p. 448. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0571164382" title="Special:BookSources/0571164382"><bdi>0571164382</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sergio+Leone%3A+Something+To+Do+With+Death&rft.place=London&rft.pages=448&rft.pub=Faber+and+Faber&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0571164382&rft.aulast=Frayling&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrayling2012_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrayling2012">Frayling 2012</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes2006-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes2006_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHughes2006">Hughes 2006</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing2014" class="citation news cs1">King, Susan (October 2, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-once-upon-a-time-america-leone-deniro-20141003-story.html?amp?true">"Sergio Leone's Original <i>Once Upon a Time in America</i> Out on DVD"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211002041449/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-once-upon-a-time-america-leone-deniro-20141003-story.html?amp%3Ftrue">Archived</a> from the original on October 2, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Sergio+Leone%27s+Original+Once+Upon+a+Time+in+America+Out+on+DVD&rft.date=2014-10-02&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmovies%2Fla-et-mn-once-upon-a-time-america-leone-deniro-20141003-story.html%3Famp%3Ftrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OUTSL-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OUTSL_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OUTSL_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OUTSL_58-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QYBpXwH8rRU"><i>Once Upon a Time: Sergio Leone</i></a> (Documentary) (in English and Italian). CreaTVty, Westbrook. January 8, 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Once+Upon+a+Time%3A+Sergio+Leone&rft.pub=CreaTVty%2C+Westbrook&rft.date=2001-01-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DQYBpXwH8rRU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151122200528/https://variety.com/2011/biz/news/once-upon-a-time-to-be-restored-1118033710/">"<i>Once Upon a Time</i> to Be Restored"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i>. March 10, 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2011/biz/news/once-upon-a-time-to-be-restored-1118033710/">the original</a> on November 22, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 18,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Once+Upon+a+Time+to+Be+Restored&rft.date=2011-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2011%2Fbiz%2Fnews%2Fonce-upon-a-time-to-be-restored-1118033710%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110610164934/http://thefilmforum.8.forumer.com/viewtopic.php?t=2957">"<i>Once Upon a Time in America</i> – 269 minute version in 2012"</a>. The Film Forum. March 13, 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thefilmforum.8.forumer.com/viewtopic.php?t=2957">the original</a> on June 10, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Once+Upon+a+Time+in+America+%E2%80%93+269+minute+version+in+2012&rft.pub=The+Film+Forum&rft.date=2011-03-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthefilmforum.8.forumer.com%2Fviewtopic.php%3Ft%3D2957&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarraclough2012" class="citation news cs1">Barraclough, Leo (May 16, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2012/film/markets-festivals/another-chance-for-once-1118054109/">"Another chance for <i>Once</i> – Entertainment News, Film Festivals, Media"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121110101458/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118054109">Archived</a> from the original on November 10, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 19,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Another+chance+for+Once+%E2%80%93+Entertainment+News%2C+Film+Festivals%2C+Media&rft.date=2012-05-16&rft.aulast=Barraclough&rft.aufirst=Leo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2012%2Ffilm%2Fmarkets-festivals%2Fanother-chance-for-once-1118054109%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallman2012" class="citation web cs1">Gallman, Brett (April 21, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://movies.yahoo.com/news/once-upon-time-america-other-directors-cuts-worth-143800580.html">"<i>Once Upon a Time in America</i>, Other Director's Cuts Worth Watching"</a>. Movies.yahoo.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120709024328/http://movies.yahoo.com/news/once-upon-time-america-other-directors-cuts-worth-143800580.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 9, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 19,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Once+Upon+a+Time+in+America%2C+Other+Director%27s+Cuts+Worth+Watching&rft.pub=Movies.yahoo.com&rft.date=2012-04-21&rft.aulast=Gallman&rft.aufirst=Brett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmovies.yahoo.com%2Fnews%2Fonce-upon-time-america-other-directors-cuts-worth-143800580.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170215183141/http://www.festival-cannes.fr/en/article/58952.html">"Cannes Classics 2012 – Festival de Cannes 2014 (International Film Festival"</a>. <i>Festival-cannes.fr</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.festival-cannes.fr/en/article/58952.html">the original</a> on February 15, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 5,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Festival-cannes.fr&rft.atitle=Cannes+Classics+2012+%E2%80%93+Festival+de+Cannes+2014+%28International+Film+Festival&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.festival-cannes.fr%2Fen%2Farticle%2F58952.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaley2012" class="citation news cs1">Paley, Tony (August 3, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2012/aug/03/sergio-leone-once-upon-time-america">"Sergio Leone's <i>Once Upon a Time in America</i> is withdrawn from circulation"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170214204500/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2012/aug/03/sergio-leone-once-upon-time-america">Archived</a> from the original on February 14, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Sergio+Leone%27s+Once+Upon+a+Time+in+America+is+withdrawn+from+circulation&rft.date=2012-08-03&rft.aulast=Paley&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F2012%2Faug%2F03%2Fsergio-leone-once-upon-time-america&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Two Homevid Versions Of 'America'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Variety" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Variety">Daily Variety</a></i>. December 18, 1984. p. 21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Variety&rft.atitle=Two+Homevid+Versions+Of+%27America%27&rft.pages=21&rft.date=1984-12-18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErickson2003" class="citation web cs1">Erickson, Glenn (June 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dvdtalk.com/dvdsavant/s861once.html">"DVD Savant Review: <i>Once Upon a Time in America</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/DVD_Talk" title="DVD Talk">DVD Talk</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141117153225/http://www.dvdtalk.com/dvdsavant/s861once.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DVD+Talk&rft.atitle=DVD+Savant+Review%3A+Once+Upon+a+Time+in+America&rft.date=2003-06&rft.aulast=Erickson&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dvdtalk.com%2Fdvdsavant%2Fs861once.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ign.com/movies/once-upon-a-time-in-america/dvd-87102">"Once Upon a Time in America Preview"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Ziff_Davis" title="Ziff Davis">Ziff Davis</a>. January 11, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150403155318/http://www.ign.com/movies/once-upon-a-time-in-america/dvd-87102">Archived</a> from the original on April 3, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IGN&rft.atitle=Once+Upon+a+Time+in+America+Preview&rft.date=2011-01-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ign.com%2Fmovies%2Fonce-upon-a-time-in-america%2Fdvd-87102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blu-ray.com/news/?id=14163">"Once Upon a Time in America: Extended Director's Cut Blu-ray"</a>. <i>Blu-ray.com</i>. June 5, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140607013810/http://www.blu-ray.com/news/?id=14163">Archived</a> from the original on June 7, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 5,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Blu-ray.com&rft.atitle=Once+Upon+a+Time+in+America%3A+Extended+Director%27s+Cut+Blu-ray&rft.date=2014-06-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blu-ray.com%2Fnews%2F%3Fid%3D14163&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.movie-censorship.com/report.php?ID=898776">"<i>Once Upon a Time in America</i> (Comparison)"</a>. <i>Movie-Censorship.com</i>. December 11, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402151406/http://www.movie-censorship.com/report.php?ID=898776">Archived</a> from the original on April 2, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Movie-Censorship.com&rft.atitle=Once+Upon+a+Time+in+America+%28Comparison%29&rft.date=2012-12-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.movie-censorship.com%2Freport.php%3FID%3D898776&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLumenick2014" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lou_Lumenick" title="Lou Lumenick">Lumenick, Lou</a> (September 21, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nypost.com/2014/09/21/fresh-once-upon-a-time-in-america-cut-worth-every-second/">"Fresh <i>Once Upon a Time in America</i> Cut Worth Every Second"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Post" title="New York Post">New York Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211027181628/https://nypost.com/2014/09/21/fresh-once-upon-a-time-in-america-cut-worth-every-second/amp/">Archived</a> from the original on October 27, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 15,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Post&rft.atitle=Fresh+Once+Upon+a+Time+in+America+Cut+Worth+Every+Second&rft.date=2014-09-21&rft.aulast=Lumenick&rft.aufirst=Lou&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnypost.com%2F2014%2F09%2F21%2Ffresh-once-upon-a-time-in-america-cut-worth-every-second%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ebert-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ebert_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbert" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Ebert, Roger</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://siskelebert.org/?p=2311">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Siskel and Ebert" You Blew It, 1990"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201114151515/https://siskelebert.org/?p=2311">Archived</a> from the original on November 14, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Siskel+and+Ebert%22+You+Blew+It%2C+1990&rft.aulast=Ebert&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsiskelebert.org%2F%3Fp%3D2311&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Siskel-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Siskel_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiskel" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gene_Siskel" title="Gene Siskel">Siskel, Gene</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100223160944/http://www.cmgww.com/stars/siskel/screening_room/thumbs_up1.htm">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Siskel and Ebert" Top Ten Films (1980–1998)"</a>. Estate of Gene Siskel. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cmgww.com/stars/siskel/screening_room/thumbs_up1.htm">the original</a> on February 23, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Siskel+and+Ebert%22+Top+Ten+Films+%281980%E2%80%931998%29&rft.pub=Estate+of+Gene+Siskel&rft.aulast=Siskel&rft.aufirst=Gene&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cmgww.com%2Fstars%2Fsiskel%2Fscreening_room%2Fthumbs_up1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanby1984" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Canby" title="Vincent Canby">Canby, Vincent</a> (June 1, 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1984/06/01/movies/film-once-upon-a-time-inamerica.html">"Film: <i>Once Upon a Time in America</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. Vol. C. p. 8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110525103009/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9801E1D6143BF932A35755C0A962948260">Archived</a> from the original on May 25, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Film%3A+Once+Upon+a+Time+in+America&rft.volume=C&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1984-06-01&rft.aulast=Canby&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1984%2F06%2F01%2Fmovies%2Ffilm-once-upon-a-time-inamerica.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTuran1999" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Turan" title="Kenneth Turan">Turan, Kenneth</a> (July 10, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-jul-10-ca-54482-story.html">"A Cinematic Rarity: Showing of Leone's Uncut 'America'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160203032534/http://articles.latimes.com/1999/jul/10/entertainment/ca-54482">Archived</a> from the original on February 3, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=A+Cinematic+Rarity%3A+Showing+of+Leone%27s+Uncut+%27America%27&rft.date=1999-07-10&rft.aulast=Turan&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1999-jul-10-ca-54482-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbert1987" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Ebert, Roger</a> (June 3, 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-untouchables-1987">"The Untouchables (1987)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Sun-Times" title="Chicago Sun-Times">Chicago Sun-Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170204034448/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-untouchables-1987">Archived</a> from the original on February 4, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Sun-Times&rft.atitle=The+Untouchables+%281987%29&rft.date=1987-06-03&rft.aulast=Ebert&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rogerebert.com%2Freviews%2Fthe-untouchables-1987&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarke2015" class="citation news cs1">Clarke, Donald (June 5, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/film/once-upon-a-time-in-america-review-a-fistful-of-misogyny-1.2237264">"<i>Once Upon a Time in America</i> Review: A Fistful of Misogyny"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Times" title="The Irish Times">The Irish Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210321193808/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/film/once-upon-a-time-in-america-review-a-fistful-of-misogyny-1.2237264">Archived</a> from the original on March 21, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Once+Upon+a+Time+in+America+Review%3A+A+Fistful+of+Misogyny&rft.date=2015-06-05&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fculture%2Ffilm%2Fonce-upon-a-time-in-america-review-a-fistful-of-misogyny-1.2237264&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/once_upon_a_time_in_america/">"<i>Once Upon a Time in America</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Fandango_Media" title="Fandango Media">Fandango Media</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523205850/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/once_upon_a_time_in_america/">Archived</a> from the original on May 23, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rotten+Tomatoes&rft.atitle=Once+Upon+a+Time+in+America&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rottentomatoes.com%2Fm%2Fonce_upon_a_time_in_america%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metacritic.com/movie/once-upon-a-time-in-america">"<i>Once Upon a Time in America</i> reviews"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523205850/https://www.metacritic.com/movie/once-upon-a-time-in-america">Archived</a> from the original on May 23, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Metacritic&rft.atitle=Once+Upon+a+Time+in+America+reviews&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metacritic.com%2Fmovie%2Fonce-upon-a-time-in-america&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/upon-time-america-review/">"Once Upon A Time In America Review"</a>. <i>www.empireonline.com</i>. January 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231019155001/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/upon-time-america-review/">Archived</a> from the original on October 19, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 28,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.empireonline.com&rft.atitle=Once+Upon+A+Time+In+America+Review&rft.date=2000-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.empireonline.com%2Fmovies%2Freviews%2Fupon-time-america-review%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120307030723/http://www.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/feature/63">"Modern Times"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sight_%26_Sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Sight & Sound">Sight & Sound</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film Institute</a>. December 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/feature/63">the original</a> on March 7, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sight+%26+Sound&rft.atitle=Modern+Times&rft.date=2002-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfi.org.uk%2Fsightandsound%2Ffeature%2F63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeout.com/chicago/movies/the-50-best-gangster-movies-of-all-time#tab_panel_5">"The 50 best gangster movies of all time"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_Out_(magazine)" title="Time Out (magazine)">Time Out</a></i>. Time Out Limited. March 12, 2015. p. 5. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150315060008/http://www.timeout.com/chicago/movies/the-50-best-gangster-movies-of-all-time#tab_panel_5">Archived</a> from the original on March 15, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Time+Out&rft.atitle=The+50+best+gangster+movies+of+all+time&rft.pages=5&rft.date=2015-03-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeout.com%2Fchicago%2Fmovies%2Fthe-50-best-gangster-movies-of-all-time%23tab_panel_5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBillson2021" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Billson" title="Anne Billson">Billson, Anne</a> (September 9, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/sep/09/the-30-best-mobster-movies-ranked">"The 30 Best Mobster Movies – Ranked!"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211016135333/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/sep/09/the-30-best-mobster-movies-ranked">Archived</a> from the original on October 16, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+30+Best+Mobster+Movies+%E2%80%93+Ranked%21&rft.date=2021-09-09&rft.aulast=Billson&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F2021%2Fsep%2F09%2Fthe-30-best-mobster-movies-ranked&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuver2023" class="citation news cs1">Huver, Scott (December 6, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.avclub.com/20-greatest-gangster-movies-of-all-time-1851075812?slide=14#slideshow">"The 20 greatest gangster movies of all time, ranked"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_A.V._Club" title="The A.V. Club">The A.V. Club</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+A.V.+Club&rft.atitle=The+20+greatest+gangster+movies+of+all+time%2C+ranked&rft.date=2023-12-06&rft.aulast=Huver&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.avclub.com%2F20-greatest-gangster-movies-of-all-time-1851075812%3Fslide%3D14%23slideshow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filmsite.org/noawards.html">"Snubbed by Oscar: Mistakes & Omissions"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AMC_Networks" title="AMC Networks">AMC Networks</a></i>. American Movie Classics Company. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150317101032/http://www.filmsite.org/noawards.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 17, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AMC+Networks&rft.atitle=Snubbed+by+Oscar%3A+Mistakes+%26+Omissions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmsite.org%2Fnoawards.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Ibid</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://awards.bafta.org/award/1985/film?">"Film in 1985"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/British_Academy_of_Film_and_Television_Arts" title="British Academy of Film and Television Arts">British Academy of Film and Television Arts</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130502222930/http://awards.bafta.org/award/1985/film">Archived</a> from the original on May 2, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 25,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Academy+of+Film+and+Television+Arts&rft.atitle=Film+in+1985&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fawards.bafta.org%2Faward%2F1985%2Ffilm%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas1985" class="citation news cs1">Thomas, Bob (January 8, 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150327162622/http://www.apnewsarchive.com/1985/-Amadeus-The-Killing-Fields-Top-Nominees/id-1a3a73987c0955c0f5b3d5be09b1cb0b">"<i>Amadeus</i>, <i>The Killing Fields</i>, Top Nominees"</a>. <i>Associated Press Archive</i>. Associated Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/1a3a73987c0955c0f5b3d5be09b1cb0b">the original</a> on March 27, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press+Archive&rft.atitle=Amadeus%2C+The+Killing+Fields%2C+Top+Nominees&rft.date=1985-01-08&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2F1a3a73987c0955c0f5b3d5be09b1cb0b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japan-academy-prize.jp/prizes/?t=8">"8th Japan Academy Prize"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Japan_Academy_Prize_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan Academy Prize (film)">Japan Academy Prize Association</a></i> (in Japanese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150315134505/http://japan-academy-prize.jp/prizes/?t=8">Archived</a> from the original on March 15, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Japan+Academy+Prize+Association&rft.atitle=8th+Japan+Academy+Prize&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.japan-academy-prize.jp%2Fprizes%2F%3Ft%3D8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150118102417/http://www.lafca.net/years/1984.html">"10th Annual Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Film_Critics_Association" title="Los Angeles Film Critics Association">Los Angeles Film Critics Association</a></i>. 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lafca.net/years/1984.html">the original</a> on January 18, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Film+Critics+Association&rft.atitle=10th+Annual+Los+Angeles+Film+Critics+Association+Awards&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lafca.net%2Fyears%2F1984.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEberweinBell-Metereau2010" class="citation book cs1">Eberwein, Robert; Bell-Metereau, Rebecca (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3mDAWRO4fkgC"><i>Acting for America: Movie Stars of the 1980s</i></a>. Rutgers University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-4760-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-4760-2"><bdi>978-0-8135-4760-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Acting+for+America%3A+Movie+Stars+of+the+1980s&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8135-4760-2&rft.aulast=Eberwein&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Bell-Metereau%2C+Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3mDAWRO4fkgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrayling2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Frayling" title="Christopher Frayling">Frayling, Christopher</a> (2012). <i>Sergio Leone: Something to Do with Death</i>. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0816646838" title="Special:BookSources/978-0816646838"><bdi>978-0816646838</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sergio+Leone%3A+Something+to+Do+with+Death&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0816646838&rft.aulast=Frayling&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes2006" class="citation book cs1">Hughes, Howard (2006). <i>Crime Wave: The Filmgoers' Guide to the Great Crime Movies</i>. New York City: I. B. Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1845112196" title="Special:BookSources/978-1845112196"><bdi>978-1845112196</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crime+Wave%3A+The+Filmgoers%27+Guide+to+the+Great+Crime+Movies&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1845112196&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Howard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCarty2005" class="citation book cs1">McCarty, John (May 24, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ok5_5dLg3LkC"><i>Bullets Over Hollywood: The American Gangster Picture from the Silents to "The Sopranos"</i></a>. Boston, Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/Da_Capo_Press" title="Da Capo Press">Da Capo Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0306814297" title="Special:BookSources/978-0306814297"><bdi>978-0306814297</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160410063619/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ok5_5dLg3LkC">Archived</a> from the original on April 10, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bullets+Over+Hollywood%3A+The+American+Gangster+Picture+from+the+Silents+to+%22The+Sopranos%22&rft.place=Boston%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=2005-05-24&rft.isbn=978-0306814297&rft.aulast=McCarty&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOk5_5dLg3LkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimsolo1987" class="citation book cs1">Simsolo, Noël (1987). <i>Conversations avec Sergio Leone</i>. Paris: Stock. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-234-02049-2" title="Special:BookSources/2-234-02049-2"><bdi>2-234-02049-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conversations+avec+Sergio+Leone&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Stock&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=2-234-02049-2&rft.aulast=Simsolo&rft.aufirst=No%C3%ABl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnce+Upon+a+Time+in+America" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0087843/"><i>Once Upon a Time in America</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/once_upon_a_time_in_america"><i>Once Upon a Time in America</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=onceuponatimeinamerica.htm"><i>Once Upon a Time in America</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmovie.com/movie/v36329"><i>Once Upon a Time in America</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/AllMovie" title="AllMovie">AllMovie</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sergio_Leone" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sergio_Leone" title="Template:Sergio Leone"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sergio_Leone" title="Template talk:Sergio Leone"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sergio_Leone" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sergio Leone"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sergio_Leone" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Leone" title="Sergio Leone">Sergio Leone</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Leone_filmography" title="Sergio Leone filmography">Filmography</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films directed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Days_of_Pompeii_(1959_film)" title="The Last Days of Pompeii (1959 film)">The Last Days of Pompeii</a></i> (1959 <small>uncredited</small>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Colossus_of_Rhodes_(film)" title="The Colossus of Rhodes (film)">The Colossus of Rhodes</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Fistful_of_Dollars" title="A Fistful of Dollars">A Fistful of Dollars</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/For_a_Few_Dollars_More" title="For a Few Dollars More">For a Few Dollars More</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Good,_the_Bad_and_the_Ugly" title="The Good, the Bad and the Ugly">The Good, the Bad and the Ugly</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_the_West" title="Once Upon a Time in the West">Once Upon a Time in the West</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Duck,_You_Sucker!" title="Duck, You Sucker!">Duck, You Sucker!</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Once Upon a Time in America</a></i> (1984)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bice_Waleran" title="Bice Waleran">Bice Waleran</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Roberti" title="Roberto Roberti">Roberto Roberti</a> (father)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dollars_Trilogy" title="Dollars Trilogy">Dollars Trilogy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Leone:_The_Italian_Who_Invented_America" title="Sergio Leone: The Italian Who Invented America">Sergio Leone: The Italian Who Invented America</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Sergio_Leone" title="Category:Sergio Leone">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Japan_Academy_Film_Prize_for_Outstanding_Foreign_Language_Film" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Japan_Academy_Film_Prize_for_Outstanding_Foreign_Language_Film" title="Template:Japan Academy Film Prize for Outstanding Foreign Language Film"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Japan_Academy_Film_Prize_for_Outstanding_Foreign_Language_Film&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Japan Academy Film Prize for Outstanding Foreign Language Film (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Japan_Academy_Film_Prize_for_Outstanding_Foreign_Language_Film" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Japan Academy Film Prize for Outstanding Foreign Language Film"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Japan_Academy_Film_Prize_for_Outstanding_Foreign_Language_Film" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Japan_Academy_Film_Prize_for_Outstanding_Foreign_Language_Film" title="Japan Academy Film Prize for Outstanding Foreign Language Film">Japan Academy Film Prize for Outstanding Foreign Language Film</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rocky" title="Rocky">Rocky</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Conversation_Piece_(film)" title="Conversation Piece (film)">Conversation Piece</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Deer_Hunter" title="The Deer Hunter">The Deer Hunter</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kramer_vs._Kramer" title="Kramer vs. Kramer">Kramer vs. Kramer</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tin_Drum_(film)" title="The Tin Drum (film)">The Tin Drum</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/E.T._the_Extra-Terrestrial" title="E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial">E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Officer_and_a_Gentleman" title="An Officer and a Gentleman">An Officer and a Gentleman</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Once Upon a Time in America</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amadeus_(film)" title="Amadeus (film)">Amadeus</a></i> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future" title="Back to the Future">Back to the Future</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Platoon_(film)" title="Platoon (film)">Platoon</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Emperor" title="The Last Emperor">The Last Emperor</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Die_Hard" title="Die Hard">Die Hard</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Field_of_Dreams" title="Field of Dreams">Field of Dreams</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dances_With_Wolves" title="Dances With Wolves">Dances With Wolves</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/JFK_(film)" title="JFK (film)">JFK</a></i> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(film)" title="Jurassic Park (film)">Jurassic Park</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Schindler%27s_List" title="Schindler's List">Schindler's List</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Shawshank_Redemption" title="The Shawshank Redemption">The Shawshank Redemption</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Il_Postino:_The_Postman" title="Il Postino: The Postman">Il Postino: The Postman</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Titanic_(1997_film)" title="Titanic (1997 film)">Titanic</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L.A._Confidential_(film)" title="L.A. Confidential (film)">L.A. Confidential</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sixth_Sense" title="The Sixth Sense">The Sixth Sense</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dancer_in_the_Dark" title="Dancer in the Dark">Dancer in the Dark</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Billy_Elliot" title="Billy Elliot">Billy Elliot</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monster%27s_Ball" title="Monster's Ball">Monster's Ball</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pianist_(2002_film)" title="The Pianist (2002 film)">The Pianist</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Samurai" title="The Last Samurai">The Last Samurai</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Million_Dollar_Baby" title="Million Dollar Baby">Million Dollar Baby</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_Our_Fathers_(film)" title="Flags of Our Fathers (film)">Flags of Our Fathers</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Letters_from_Iwo_Jima" title="Letters from Iwo Jima">Letters from Iwo Jima</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Knight" title="The Dark Knight">The Dark Knight</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gran_Torino" title="Gran Torino">Gran Torino</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Avatar_(2009_film)" title="Avatar (2009 film)">Avatar</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_King%27s_Speech" title="The King's Speech">The King's Speech</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Intouchables" title="The Intouchables">The Intouchables</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Les_Mis%C3%A9rables_(2012_film)" title="Les Misérables (2012 film)">Les Misérables</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frozen_(2013_film)" title="Frozen (2013 film)">Frozen</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Sniper" title="American Sniper">American Sniper</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sully_(film)" title="Sully (film)">Sully</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_La_Land" title="La La Land">La La Land</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bohemian_Rhapsody_(film)" title="Bohemian Rhapsody (film)">Bohemian Rhapsody</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Joker_(2019_film)" title="Joker (2019 film)">Joker</a></i> (2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parasite_(2019_film)" title="Parasite (2019 film)">Parasite</a></i> (2021)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/No_Time_to_Die" title="No Time to Die">No Time to Die</a></i> (2022)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Top_Gun:_Maverick" title="Top Gun: Maverick">Top Gun: Maverick</a></i> (2023)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mission:_Impossible_%E2%80%93_Dead_Reckoning_Part_One" title="Mission: Impossible – Dead Reckoning Part One">Mission: Impossible – Dead Reckoning Part One</a></i> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206388#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206388#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206388#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/316751724">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4633532-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb165019655">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb165019655">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007588494405171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058515781306706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/149807961">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/release-group/c2251d5e-eb5d-355d-9080-31ce1e1e3ce8">MusicBrainz release group</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America&oldid=1257165521">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America&oldid=1257165521</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1984_films" title="Category:1984 films">1984 films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1980s_American_films" title="Category:1980s American films">1980s American films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1980s_English-language_films" title="Category:1980s English-language films">1980s English-language films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1980s_Italian_films" title="Category:1980s Italian films">1980s Italian films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1980s_Italian-language_films" title="Category:1980s Italian-language films">1980s Italian-language films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1984_crime_drama_films" title="Category:1984 crime drama films">1984 crime drama films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_crime_drama_films" title="Category:American crime drama films">American crime drama films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_epic_films" title="Category:American epic films">American epic films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_gangster_films" title="Category:American gangster films">American gangster films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_nonlinear_narrative_films" title="Category:American nonlinear narrative films">American nonlinear narrative films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English-language_Italian_films" title="Category:English-language Italian films">English-language Italian films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_Jewish-American_organized_crime" title="Category:Films about Jewish-American organized crime">Films about Jewish-American organized crime</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_prohibition_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Films about prohibition in the United States">Films about prohibition in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_rape_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Films about rape in the United States">Films about rape in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_based_on_American_novels" title="Category:Films based on American novels">Films based on American novels</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_directed_by_Sergio_Leone" title="Category:Films directed by Sergio Leone">Films directed by Sergio Leone</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_produced_by_Arnon_Milchan" title="Category:Films produced by Arnon Milchan">Films produced by Arnon Milchan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_scored_by_Ennio_Morricone" title="Category:Films scored by Ennio Morricone">Films scored by Ennio Morricone</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_set_in_1923" title="Category:Films set in 1923">Films set in 1923</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_set_in_1924" title="Category:Films set in 1924">Films set in 1924</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_set_in_1925" title="Category:Films set in 1925">Films set in 1925</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_set_in_1931" title="Category:Films set in 1931">Films set in 1931</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_set_in_1932" title="Category:Films set in 1932">Films set in 1932</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_set_in_1933" title="Category:Films set in 1933">Films set in 1933</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_set_in_1968" title="Category:Films set in 1968">Films set in 1968</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_set_in_Brooklyn" title="Category:Films set in Brooklyn">Films set in Brooklyn</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_set_in_New_York_City" title="Category:Films set in New York City">Films set in New York City</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_shot_at_Cinecitt%C3%A0_Studios" title="Category:Films shot at Cinecittà Studios">Films shot at Cinecittà Studios</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_shot_in_Florida" title="Category:Films shot in Florida">Films shot in Florida</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_shot_in_New_Jersey" title="Category:Films shot in New Jersey">Films shot in New Jersey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_shot_in_New_York_City" title="Category:Films shot in New York City">Films shot in New York City</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_shot_in_Venice" title="Category:Films shot in Venice">Films shot in Venice</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_with_screenplays_by_Ernesto_Gastaldi" title="Category:Films with screenplays by Ernesto Gastaldi">Films with screenplays by Ernesto Gastaldi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_with_screenplays_by_Sergio_Leone" title="Category:Films with screenplays by Sergio Leone">Films with screenplays by Sergio Leone</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Italian_crime_drama_films" title="Category:Italian crime drama films">Italian crime drama films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Italian_epic_films" title="Category:Italian epic films">Italian epic films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Regency_Enterprises_films" title="Category:Regency Enterprises films">Regency Enterprises films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:The_Ladd_Company_films" title="Category:The Ladd Company films">The Ladd Company films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Warner_Bros._films" title="Category:Warner Bros. films">Warner Bros. films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Yiddish-language_films" title="Category:Yiddish-language films">Yiddish-language films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English-language_crime_drama_films" title="Category:English-language crime drama films">English-language crime drama films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Yiddish-language_American_films" title="Category:Yiddish-language American films">Yiddish-language American films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Italian-language_American_films" title="Category:Italian-language American films">Italian-language American films</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Italian-language_sources_(it)" title="Category:CS1 Italian-language sources (it)">CS1 Italian-language sources (it)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Japanese-language_sources_(ja)" title="Category:CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)">CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_October_2019" title="Category:Use American English from October 2019">Use American English from October 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_December_2023" title="Category:Use mdy dates from December 2023">Use mdy dates from December 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Template_film_date_with_3_release_dates" title="Category:Template film date with 3 release dates">Template film date with 3 release dates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Italian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Italian-language text">Articles containing Italian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hAudio_microformats" title="Category:Articles with hAudio microformats">Articles with hAudio microformats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Album_articles_lacking_alt_text_for_covers" title="Category:Album articles lacking alt text for covers">Album articles lacking alt text for covers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_September_2021" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2021">Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rotten_Tomatoes_ID_same_as_Wikidata" title="Category:Rotten Tomatoes ID same as Wikidata">Rotten Tomatoes ID same as Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 13 November 2024, at 15:45<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6bb4bcc5b5-7v99p","wgBackendResponseTime":183,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.650","walltime":"1.982","ppvisitednodes":{"value":9374,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":196758,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":17028,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":24,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":7,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":274202,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1780.231 1 -total"," 27.28% 485.646 1 Template:Reflist"," 15.27% 271.837 38 Template:Cite_web"," 13.31% 236.926 1 Template:IMDb_title"," 11.28% 200.729 4 Template:Infobox"," 10.49% 186.802 5 Template:Wikidata"," 9.13% 162.513 36 Template:Sfn"," 8.18% 145.546 1 Template:Langx"," 7.70% 137.026 1 Template:Infobox_film"," 6.53% 116.165 1 Template:Infobox_album"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.068","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":24246478,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAffatigato2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarraclough2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBillson2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCanby1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClarke2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEbert\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEbert1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEbert1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEberweinBell-Metereau2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFErickson2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrayling2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrayling2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGallman2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHughes2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuver2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJagernauth2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKing2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLucia_Bozzola2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLumenick2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacnab2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCarty2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMukhopadhyay2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNero2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaley2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoger_Fristoe\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchickel\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSimsolo1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSiskel\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSokol2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomas1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTorikian2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTuran1999\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"'\"] = 1,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"AllMovie title\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Based on\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Center\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite AV media\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 6,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 15,\n [\"Cite video\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 38,\n [\"Div col\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 1,\n [\"Extra album cover\"] = 1,\n [\"Film date\"] = 1,\n [\"IMDb title\"] = 1,\n [\"Ill\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox album\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox film\"] = 1,\n [\"Japan Academy Film Prize for Outstanding Foreign Language Film\"] = 1,\n [\"Langx\"] = 1,\n [\"Mojo title\"] = 1,\n [\"Nom\"] = 7,\n [\"Page needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 7,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Rotten Tomatoes\"] = 1,\n [\"Sergio Leone\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 36,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Track listing\"] = 3,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Won\"] = 4,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","300","27.3"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","160","14.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","140","12.7"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","60","5.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","60","5.5"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","40","3.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntity","40","3.6"],["\u003Cmw.title.lua:50\u003E","40","3.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getFrameTitle","40","3.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","40","3.6"],["[others]","180","16.4"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-cc877b49b-cwgq9","timestamp":"20241127132900","ttl":3600,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Once Upon a Time in America","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q206388","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q206388","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-01-25T22:02:43Z","dateModified":"2024-11-13T15:45:19Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/c\/c2\/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America.png","headline":"1984 film by Sergio Leone"}</script> </body> </html>