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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Neuromodulation</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">10,045 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Neuromodulation</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Neuromodulation">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9519008 coauthored" data-work_id="9519008" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9519008/Tuning_pathological_brain_oscillations_with_neurofeedback_A_systems_neuroscience_framework">Tuning pathological brain oscillations with neurofeedback: A systems neuroscience framework</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Neurofeedback is emerging as a promising technique that enables self-regulation of ongoing brain oscillations. However, despite a rise in empirical evidence attesting to its clinical benefits, a solid theoretical basis is still lacking on... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9519008" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Neurofeedback is emerging as a promising technique that enables self-regulation of ongoing brain oscillations. However, despite a rise in empirical evidence attesting to its clinical benefits, a solid theoretical basis is still lacking on the manner in which neurofeedback is able to achieve these outcomes. The present work attempts to bring together various concepts from neurobiology, engineering, and dynamical systems so as to propose a contemporary theoretical framework for the mechanistic effects of neurofeedback. The objective is to provide a firmly neurophysiological account of neurofeedback, which goes beyond traditional behaviorist interpretations that attempt to explain psychological processes solely from a descriptive standpoint whilst treating the brain as a ‘black box’. To this end, we interlink evidence from experimental findings that encompass a broad range of intrinsic brain phenomena: starting from ‘bottom-up’ mechanisms of neural synchronization, followed by ‘top-down’ regulation of internal brain states, moving to dynamical systems plus control-theoretic principles, and concluding with activity-dependent as well as homeostatic forms of brain plasticity. In support of our framework, we examine the effects of neurofeedback in several brain disorders, including attention-deficit hyperactivity (ADHD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The central thesis put forward is that neurofeedback tunes brain oscillations toward a homeostatic set-point which maintains optimal network flexibility and stability (i.e. self-organized criticality).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9519008" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d1e793d1152a26a861cc1ab3e211a804" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36027844,"asset_id":9519008,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36027844/download_file?st=MTczNzI4NDc3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="217054" href="https://nsi.academia.edu/BBaars">Bernard J Baars</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="217054" type="text/json">{"id":217054,"first_name":"Bernard","last_name":"Baars","domain_name":"nsi","page_name":"BBaars","display_name":"Bernard J Baars","profile_url":"https://nsi.academia.edu/BBaars?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/217054/49443/45518/s65_bernard.baars.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-9519008">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-9519008"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://unige.academia.edu/TomasRos">Tomas Ros</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-9519008'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-9519008').html(); 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However, despite a rise in empirical evidence attesting to its clinical benefits, a solid theoretical basis is still lacking on the manner in which neurofeedback is able to achieve these outcomes. The present work attempts to bring together various concepts from neurobiology, engineering, and dynamical systems so as to propose a contemporary theoretical framework for the mechanistic effects of neurofeedback. The objective is to provide a firmly neurophysiological account of neurofeedback, which goes beyond traditional behaviorist interpretations that attempt to explain psychological processes solely from a descriptive standpoint whilst treating the brain as a ‘black box’. To this end, we interlink evidence from experimental findings that encompass a broad range of intrinsic brain phenomena: starting from ‘bottom-up’ mechanisms of neural synchronization, followed by ‘top-down’ regulation of internal brain states, moving to dynamical systems plus control-theoretic principles, and concluding with activity-dependent as well as homeostatic forms of brain plasticity. In support of our framework, we examine the effects of neurofeedback in several brain disorders, including attention-deficit hyperactivity (ADHD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The central thesis put forward is that neurofeedback tunes brain oscillations toward a homeostatic set-point which maintains optimal network flexibility and stability (i.e. self-organized criticality).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36027844,"asset_id":9519008,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":217054,"first_name":"Bernard","last_name":"Baars","domain_name":"nsi","page_name":"BBaars","display_name":"Bernard J Baars","profile_url":"https://nsi.academia.edu/BBaars?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/217054/49443/45518/s65_bernard.baars.jpg"},{"id":2715801,"first_name":"Tomas","last_name":"Ros","domain_name":"unige","page_name":"TomasRos","display_name":"Tomas 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href="https://www.academia.edu/25321559/NANS_Training_Requirements_for_Spinal_Cord_Stimulation_Devices_Selection_Implantation_and_Follow_up">NANS Training Requirements for Spinal Cord Stimulation Devices: Selection, Implantation, and Follow-up</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25321559" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="67b397235d239713120320960be71afc" rel="nofollow" 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Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25321559]'), work: {"id":25321559,"title":"NANS Training Requirements for Spinal Cord Stimulation Devices: Selection, Implantation, and Follow-up","created_at":"2016-05-14T06:15:36.231-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25321559/NANS_Training_Requirements_for_Spinal_Cord_Stimulation_Devices_Selection_Implantation_and_Follow_up?f_ri=2584","dom_id":"work_25321559","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45620417,"asset_id":25321559,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":48640830,"first_name":"peter","last_name":"staats","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"pstaats","display_name":"peter staats","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/pstaats?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/48640830/30454691/28220726/s65_peter.staats.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":473907,"name":"Spinal Cord Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinal_Cord_Stimulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_81731753" data-work_id="81731753" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/81731753/The_appropriate_use_of_neurostimulation_of_the_spinal_cord_and_peripheral_nervous_system_for_the_treatment_of_chronic_pain_and_ischemic_diseases_the_Neuromodulation_Appropriateness_Consensus_Committee">The appropriate use of neurostimulation of the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system for the treatment of chronic pain and ischemic diseases: the Neuromodulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Neuromodulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee (NACC) of the International Neuromodulation Society (INS) evaluated evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of neurostimulation to treat chronic pain, chronic critical limb... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_81731753" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Neuromodulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee (NACC) of the International Neuromodulation Society (INS) evaluated evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of neurostimulation to treat chronic pain, chronic critical limb ischemia, and refractory angina and recommended appropriate clinical applications. The NACC used literature reviews, expert opinion, clinical experience, and individual research. Authors consulted the Practice Parameters for the Use of Spinal Cord Stimulation in the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain (2006), systematic reviews (1984 to 2013), and prospective and randomized controlled trials (2005 to 2013) identified through PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. Neurostimulation is relatively safe because of its minimally invasive and reversible characteristics. Comparison with medical management is difficult, as patients considered for neurostimulation have failed conservative management. Unlike alternative therapies, neurostimulation is not associated with medi...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/81731753" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dc7b8f12879c94c8bad575f8a89a39b7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":87674652,"asset_id":81731753,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87674652/download_file?st=MTczNzI4NDc3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="203864538" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SyedHadiAbbasRizvi">Syed Hadi Abbas Rizvi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="203864538" type="text/json">{"id":203864538,"first_name":"Syed Hadi Abbas","last_name":"Rizvi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SyedHadiAbbasRizvi","display_name":"Syed Hadi Abbas Rizvi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SyedHadiAbbasRizvi?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/203864538/64738680/53064649/s65_syed_hadi_abbas.rizvi.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_81731753 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="81731753"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 81731753, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_81731753", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=81731753]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_81731753").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_81731753").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="81731753"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation">Neuromodulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2584" type="text/json">{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4479" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain">Chronic Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4479" type="text/json">{"id":4479,"name":"Chronic Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Management">Pain Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="40165" type="text/json">{"id":40165,"name":"Pain Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Management?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=81731753]'), work: {"id":81731753,"title":"The appropriate use of neurostimulation of the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system for the treatment of chronic pain and ischemic diseases: the Neuromodulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee","created_at":"2022-06-17T19:42:25.690-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/81731753/The_appropriate_use_of_neurostimulation_of_the_spinal_cord_and_peripheral_nervous_system_for_the_treatment_of_chronic_pain_and_ischemic_diseases_the_Neuromodulation_Appropriateness_Consensus_Committee?f_ri=2584","dom_id":"work_81731753","summary":"The Neuromodulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee (NACC) of the International Neuromodulation Society (INS) evaluated evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of neurostimulation to treat chronic pain, chronic critical limb ischemia, and refractory angina and recommended appropriate clinical applications. The NACC used literature reviews, expert opinion, clinical experience, and individual research. Authors consulted the Practice Parameters for the Use of Spinal Cord Stimulation in the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain (2006), systematic reviews (1984 to 2013), and prospective and randomized controlled trials (2005 to 2013) identified through PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. Neurostimulation is relatively safe because of its minimally invasive and reversible characteristics. Comparison with medical management is difficult, as patients considered for neurostimulation have failed conservative management. Unlike alternative therapies, neurostimulation is not associated with medi...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":87674652,"asset_id":81731753,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":203864538,"first_name":"Syed Hadi Abbas","last_name":"Rizvi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SyedHadiAbbasRizvi","display_name":"Syed Hadi Abbas Rizvi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SyedHadiAbbasRizvi?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/203864538/64738680/53064649/s65_syed_hadi_abbas.rizvi.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":4479,"name":"Chronic Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":40165,"name":"Pain Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Management?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":82983,"name":"Ischemia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ischemia?f_ri=2584"},{"id":118523,"name":"Checklist","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Checklist?f_ri=2584"},{"id":189949,"name":"Anticoagulants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anticoagulants?f_ri=2584"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2584"},{"id":457859,"name":"Cost Benefit Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cost_Benefit_Analysis?f_ri=2584"},{"id":473907,"name":"Spinal Cord Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinal_Cord_Stimulation?f_ri=2584"},{"id":479866,"name":"Peripheral nerves","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peripheral_nerves?f_ri=2584"},{"id":479871,"name":"Angina pectoris","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Angina_pectoris?f_ri=2584"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2584"},{"id":1445770,"name":"Analgesics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analgesics?f_ri=2584"},{"id":2482506,"name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Randomized_Controlled_Trials_as_Topic?f_ri=2584"},{"id":3077296,"name":"Nociceptive pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nociceptive_pain?f_ri=2584"},{"id":3623416,"name":"perioperative care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/perioperative_care?f_ri=2584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29028263" data-work_id="29028263" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29028263/Synchronized_Transcranial_Magnetic_Stimulation_sTMS_Efficacy_and_Safety_of_Low_field_Synchronized_Transcranial_Magnetic_Stimulation_sTMS_for_Treatment_of_Major_Depression">Synchronized Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (sTMS) Efficacy and Safety of Low-field Synchronized Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (sTMS) for Treatment of Major Depression</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) customarily uses high-field electromagnets to achieve therapeutic efficacy in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Low-field magnetic stimulation also may be useful for treatment of MDD,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29028263" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) customarily uses high-field electromagnets to achieve therapeutic efficacy in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Low-field magnetic stimulation also may be useful for treatment of MDD, with fewer treatment-emergent adverse events.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29028263" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="93917044c4d76b5eaa3d785ca877e09c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49477839,"asset_id":29028263,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49477839/download_file?st=MTczNzI4NDc3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="54725945" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MustafaMAbdalHusain">Mustafa M. 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13252498]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13252498").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13252498").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13252498"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2583" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deep_Brain_Stimulation">Deep Brain Stimulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2583" type="text/json">{"id":2583,"name":"Deep Brain Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deep_Brain_Stimulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation">Neuromodulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2584" type="text/json">{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8929" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diffusion_Tensor_Imaging">Diffusion Tensor Imaging</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8929" type="text/json">{"id":8929,"name":"Diffusion Tensor Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diffusion_Tensor_Imaging?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13252498]'), work: {"id":13252498,"title":"Deep Brain Stimulation of the Internal Globus Pallidus for Generalized Dystonia Associated with Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1: A Case Report","created_at":"2015-06-24T13:49:55.713-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13252498/Deep_Brain_Stimulation_of_the_Internal_Globus_Pallidus_for_Generalized_Dystonia_Associated_with_Spinocerebellar_Ataxia_Type_1_A_Case_Report?f_ri=2584","dom_id":"work_13252498","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45547886,"asset_id":13252498,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32508423,"first_name":"Timothy","last_name":"Ellmore","domain_name":"ccny1-cuny","page_name":"TimothyEllmore","display_name":"Timothy Ellmore","profile_url":"https://ccny1-cuny.academia.edu/TimothyEllmore?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32508423/9720463/10827443/s65_timothy.ellmore.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":2583,"name":"Deep Brain Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deep_Brain_Stimulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":8929,"name":"Diffusion Tensor Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diffusion_Tensor_Imaging?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":209780,"name":"Dystonia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dystonia?f_ri=2584"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2584"},{"id":383087,"name":"Globus Pallidus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globus_Pallidus?f_ri=2584"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22502349 coauthored" data-work_id="22502349" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22502349/Avoiding_Complications_From_Spinal_Cord_Stimulation_Practical_Recommendations_From_an_International_Panel_of_Experts">Avoiding Complications From Spinal Cord Stimulation: Practical Recommendations From an International Panel of Experts</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an effective technique for the relief of neuropathic pain. Biologic complications are more prevalent within the first 3 months after implantation, are generally minor and reversible, and do not affect... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22502349" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an effective technique for the relief of neuropathic pain. Biologic complications are more prevalent within the first 3 months after implantation, are generally minor and reversible, and do not affect patients' acceptance of the treatment. Technically, hardware-related complications are uncommon and occur more frequently in the first 2 years following implantation of the device than after. Nevertheless, the incidence of technological complications can be relatively high if the technique is not performed correctly. Based on a review of the literature and on the experience and consensus of an expert panel, this manuscript attempts to provide practical guidelines, which may help implanters avoid some of the technological complications of SCS implantation. Areas covered by this article include patient positioning, the appropriate use of imaging, insertion of percutaneous and surgical leads, intraoperative stimulation, lead choice and suturing, considerations pre-and postimplantation, stimulation settings and regimens, implantable pulse generator positioning, and control of infections. It is hoped that these guidelines may help physicians to improve their SCS implantation technique and thereby improve the outcomes of the therapy. These guidelines should be of special value for newer centers starting SCS therapy for their patients.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22502349" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="13725698fb8ea0ae284b44cdb7fb704b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43122529,"asset_id":22502349,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43122529/download_file?st=MTczNzI4NDc3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44019333" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarioMeglio">Mario Meglio</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44019333" type="text/json">{"id":44019333,"first_name":"Mario","last_name":"Meglio","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarioMeglio","display_name":"Mario Meglio","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarioMeglio?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-22502349">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-22502349"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/BengtLinderoth">Bengt Linderoth</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-22502349'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-22502349').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_22502349 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22502349"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22502349; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22502349]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22502349").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22502349").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22502349"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation">Neuromodulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2584" type="text/json">{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="244814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences">Clinical Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="244814" type="text/json">{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="473907" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinal_Cord_Stimulation">Spinal Cord Stimulation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="473907" type="text/json">{"id":473907,"name":"Spinal Cord Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinal_Cord_Stimulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22502349]'), work: {"id":22502349,"title":"Avoiding Complications From Spinal Cord Stimulation: Practical Recommendations From an International Panel of Experts","created_at":"2016-02-26T23:12:06.299-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22502349/Avoiding_Complications_From_Spinal_Cord_Stimulation_Practical_Recommendations_From_an_International_Panel_of_Experts?f_ri=2584","dom_id":"work_22502349","summary":"Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an effective technique for the relief of neuropathic pain. Biologic complications are more prevalent within the first 3 months after implantation, are generally minor and reversible, and do not affect patients' acceptance of the treatment. Technically, hardware-related complications are uncommon and occur more frequently in the first 2 years following implantation of the device than after. Nevertheless, the incidence of technological complications can be relatively high if the technique is not performed correctly. Based on a review of the literature and on the experience and consensus of an expert panel, this manuscript attempts to provide practical guidelines, which may help implanters avoid some of the technological complications of SCS implantation. Areas covered by this article include patient positioning, the appropriate use of imaging, insertion of percutaneous and surgical leads, intraoperative stimulation, lead choice and suturing, considerations pre-and postimplantation, stimulation settings and regimens, implantable pulse generator positioning, and control of infections. It is hoped that these guidelines may help physicians to improve their SCS implantation technique and thereby improve the outcomes of the therapy. These guidelines should be of special value for newer centers starting SCS therapy for their patients.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43122529,"asset_id":22502349,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44019333,"first_name":"Mario","last_name":"Meglio","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarioMeglio","display_name":"Mario Meglio","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarioMeglio?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":44137392,"first_name":"Bengt","last_name":"Linderoth","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BengtLinderoth","display_name":"Bengt Linderoth","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BengtLinderoth?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44137392/18869583/18825900/s65_bengt.linderoth.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":473907,"name":"Spinal Cord Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinal_Cord_Stimulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20876581" data-work_id="20876581" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20876581/Rapid_Effects_of_Deep_Brain_Stimulation_for_Treatment_Resistant_Major_Depression">Rapid Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant Major Depression</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Background: Treatment-resistant major depressive disorder is a prevalent and debilitating condition. Deep brain stimulation to different targets has been proposed as a putative treatment.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20876581" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="02711a9aad7aef975006d0fb1161caa2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41609518,"asset_id":20876581,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41609518/download_file?st=MTczNzI4NDc3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36350239" href="https://unimedizin-mainz.academia.edu/SarahKayser">Sarah Kayser</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36350239" type="text/json">{"id":36350239,"first_name":"Sarah","last_name":"Kayser","domain_name":"unimedizin-mainz","page_name":"SarahKayser","display_name":"Sarah Kayser","profile_url":"https://unimedizin-mainz.academia.edu/SarahKayser?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20876581 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20876581"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20876581, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20876581", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20876581]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20876581").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20876581").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20876581"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="635" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatry">Psychiatry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="635" type="text/json">{"id":635,"name":"Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatry?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2583" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deep_Brain_Stimulation">Deep Brain Stimulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2583" type="text/json">{"id":2583,"name":"Deep Brain Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deep_Brain_Stimulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation">Neuromodulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2584" type="text/json">{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3217" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression">Depression</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3217" type="text/json">{"id":3217,"name":"Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20876581]'), work: {"id":20876581,"title":"Rapid Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant Major Depression","created_at":"2016-01-26T23:16:02.279-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20876581/Rapid_Effects_of_Deep_Brain_Stimulation_for_Treatment_Resistant_Major_Depression?f_ri=2584","dom_id":"work_20876581","summary":"Background: Treatment-resistant major depressive disorder is a prevalent and debilitating condition. Deep brain stimulation to different targets has been proposed as a putative treatment.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41609518,"asset_id":20876581,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36350239,"first_name":"Sarah","last_name":"Kayser","domain_name":"unimedizin-mainz","page_name":"SarahKayser","display_name":"Sarah Kayser","profile_url":"https://unimedizin-mainz.academia.edu/SarahKayser?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":635,"name":"Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatry?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":2583,"name":"Deep Brain Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deep_Brain_Stimulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":3217,"name":"Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":8929,"name":"Diffusion Tensor Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diffusion_Tensor_Imaging?f_ri=2584"},{"id":9088,"name":"Affective Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Affective_Neuroscience?f_ri=2584"},{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=2584"},{"id":46406,"name":"Motivation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motivation?f_ri=2584"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=2584"},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=2584"},{"id":77794,"name":"Major Depressive Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Major_Depressive_Disorder?f_ri=2584"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=2584"},{"id":137516,"name":"Follow-up studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Follow-up_studies?f_ri=2584"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=2584"},{"id":327850,"name":"Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaires?f_ri=2584"},{"id":945595,"name":"Pilot Projects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pilot_Projects?f_ri=2584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_974080" data-work_id="974080" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/974080/Integrative_neurocomputational_perspectives_on_cognitive_aging_neuromodulation_and_representation">Integrative neurocomputational perspectives on cognitive aging, neuromodulation, and representation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Besides neuroanatomical changes, neuromodulatory mechanisms are also compromised during aging. Neural network models are suitable tools for exploring the relatively broad and homogenous neuromodulatory influences on cortical function.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_974080" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Besides neuroanatomical changes, neuromodulatory mechanisms are also compromised during aging. Neural network models are suitable tools for exploring the relatively broad and homogenous neuromodulatory influences on cortical function. Computational approaches for understanding neuromodulation of the dynamic properties of cortical function and recent neurocomputational theories relating different aspects of cognitive aging with declines in neuromodulation are reviewed. Considered within an integrative cross-level neurocomputational framework, aging-related decline in dopaminergic neuromodulation reduces the fidelity of neural information and gives rise to less distinctive neural pattern representations that may underlie various facets of aging cognitive and, possibly also, sensorimotor phenomena. q : S 0 1 4 9 -7 6 3 4 ( 0 2 ) 0 0 0 6 6 -0 Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 26 <a href="http://www.elsevier.com/locate/neubiorev" rel="nofollow">www.elsevier.com/locate/neubiorev</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/974080" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f8d8fc55ca50fca83252e5f1d9b74ebd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":12936341,"asset_id":974080,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/12936341/download_file?st=MTczNzI4NDc3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44627" href="https://mpib-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/ShuChenLi">Shu-Chen Li</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44627" type="text/json">{"id":44627,"first_name":"Shu-Chen","last_name":"Li","domain_name":"mpib-berlin-mpg","page_name":"ShuChenLi","display_name":"Shu-Chen Li","profile_url":"https://mpib-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/ShuChenLi?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44627/14219/727991/s65_shu-chen.li.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_974080 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="974080"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 974080, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_974080", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_974080 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 974080; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_974080"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_974080 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="974080"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 974080; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=974080]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_974080").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_974080").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="974080"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation">Neuromodulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2584" type="text/json">{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4212" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition">Cognition</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4212" type="text/json">{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6791" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging">Aging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6791" type="text/json">{"id":6791,"name":"Aging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11598" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neural_Networks">Neural Networks</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11598" type="text/json">{"id":11598,"name":"Neural Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neural_Networks?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=974080]'), work: {"id":974080,"title":"Integrative neurocomputational perspectives on cognitive aging, neuromodulation, and representation","created_at":"2011-10-03T04:50:07.503-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/974080/Integrative_neurocomputational_perspectives_on_cognitive_aging_neuromodulation_and_representation?f_ri=2584","dom_id":"work_974080","summary":"Besides neuroanatomical changes, neuromodulatory mechanisms are also compromised during aging. Neural network models are suitable tools for exploring the relatively broad and homogenous neuromodulatory influences on cortical function. Computational approaches for understanding neuromodulation of the dynamic properties of cortical function and recent neurocomputational theories relating different aspects of cognitive aging with declines in neuromodulation are reviewed. Considered within an integrative cross-level neurocomputational framework, aging-related decline in dopaminergic neuromodulation reduces the fidelity of neural information and gives rise to less distinctive neural pattern representations that may underlie various facets of aging cognitive and, possibly also, sensorimotor phenomena. q : S 0 1 4 9 -7 6 3 4 ( 0 2 ) 0 0 0 6 6 -0 Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 26 www.elsevier.com/locate/neubiorev","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":12936341,"asset_id":974080,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44627,"first_name":"Shu-Chen","last_name":"Li","domain_name":"mpib-berlin-mpg","page_name":"ShuChenLi","display_name":"Shu-Chen Li","profile_url":"https://mpib-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/ShuChenLi?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44627/14219/727991/s65_shu-chen.li.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":6791,"name":"Aging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":11598,"name":"Neural Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neural_Networks?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":26066,"name":"Neural Network","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neural_Network?f_ri=2584"},{"id":33733,"name":"Cognitive Aging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Aging?f_ri=2584"},{"id":43774,"name":"Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Learning?f_ri=2584"},{"id":46858,"name":"Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Memory?f_ri=2584"},{"id":51566,"name":"Dopamine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dopamine?f_ri=2584"},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=2584"},{"id":144219,"name":"Mathematical Computing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Computing?f_ri=2584"},{"id":1627527,"name":"Cognition disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition_disorders?f_ri=2584"},{"id":1837730,"name":"Neural Network Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neural_Network_Model?f_ri=2584"},{"id":1874422,"name":"Dynamic Properties","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dynamic_Properties?f_ri=2584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5377297" data-work_id="5377297" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5377297/Pharmacological_enhancement_of_the_endocannabinoid_system_in_the_nucleus_accumbens_shell_stimulates_food_intake_and_increases_c_Fos_expression_in_the_hypothalamus">Pharmacological enhancement of the endocannabinoid system in the nucleus accumbens shell stimulates food intake and increases c-Fos expression in the hypothalamus</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background and purpose:Evidence indicates that the endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), increases food intake when injected into the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcS), thereby potentially activating hypothalamic nuclei involved in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5377297" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background and purpose:Evidence indicates that the endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), increases food intake when injected into the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcS), thereby potentially activating hypothalamic nuclei involved in food intake regulation. We aimed to evaluate potential orexigenic effects of the endocannabinoid anandamide and of AA5HT, a fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor, and OMDM-1, an inhibitor of anandamide uptake, injected in the NAcS, as well as the effect of these treatments on activation of hypothalamic nuclei.Evidence indicates that the endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), increases food intake when injected into the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcS), thereby potentially activating hypothalamic nuclei involved in food intake regulation. We aimed to evaluate potential orexigenic effects of the endocannabinoid anandamide and of AA5HT, a fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor, and OMDM-1, an inhibitor of anandamide uptake, injected in the NAcS, as well as the effect of these treatments on activation of hypothalamic nuclei.Experimental approach:Drugs were given into the NAcS of rats and food intake quantified during the next 4 h. In other groups, after the same treatments the brains were processed for c-Fos immunohistochemistry with focus on hypothalamic nuclei. Additional groups were used to quantify endocannabinoid levels in the nucleus accumbens and the hypothalamus after AA5HT and OMDM-1 intra-NAcS injections.Drugs were given into the NAcS of rats and food intake quantified during the next 4 h. In other groups, after the same treatments the brains were processed for c-Fos immunohistochemistry with focus on hypothalamic nuclei. Additional groups were used to quantify endocannabinoid levels in the nucleus accumbens and the hypothalamus after AA5HT and OMDM-1 intra-NAcS injections.Key resultsOur results indicate that the above treatments stimulate food intake during 4 h post-injection. They also increase c-Fos immunoreactivity in hypothalamic nuclei. The CB1 antagonist, AM251, blocked these effects. Finally, we found elevated levels of 2-AG, but not anandamide, after intra-NAcS injections of AA5HT.Our results indicate that the above treatments stimulate food intake during 4 h post-injection. They also increase c-Fos immunoreactivity in hypothalamic nuclei. The CB1 antagonist, AM251, blocked these effects. Finally, we found elevated levels of 2-AG, but not anandamide, after intra-NAcS injections of AA5HT.Conclusions and implications:These data support the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in feeding behavior at the level of the NAcS and hypothalamus. In addition, this is the first experimental demonstration that the pharmacological inhibition of endocannabinoid inactivation in the NAcS stimulates food intake, suggesting that the endocannabinoid degrading proteins can be a target for treating eating disorders.British Journal of Pharmacology (2007) 151, 1109–1116; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707313These data support the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in feeding behavior at the level of the NAcS and hypothalamus. In addition, this is the first experimental demonstration that the pharmacological inhibition of endocannabinoid inactivation in the NAcS stimulates food intake, suggesting that the endocannabinoid degrading proteins can be a target for treating eating disorders.British Journal of Pharmacology (2007) 151, 1109–1116; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707313</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5377297" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7d8c8414a308e08f55859054bf06c1af" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49318624,"asset_id":5377297,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49318624/download_file?st=MTczNzI4NDc3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7486181" href="https://neurocentre-magendie.academia.edu/edgarsoria">Edgar Soria-Gomez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7486181" type="text/json">{"id":7486181,"first_name":"Edgar","last_name":"Soria-Gomez","domain_name":"neurocentre-magendie","page_name":"edgarsoria","display_name":"Edgar Soria-Gomez","profile_url":"https://neurocentre-magendie.academia.edu/edgarsoria?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7486181/6301958/7133716/s65_edgar.soria-gomez.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5377297 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5377297"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5377297, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5377297", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5377297]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5377297").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5377297").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5377297"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">33</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation">Neuromodulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2584" type="text/json">{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7324" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British">British</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7324" type="text/json">{"id":7324,"name":"British","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12071" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry">Immunohistochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12071" type="text/json">{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12981" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme_Inhibitors">Enzyme Inhibitors</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12981" type="text/json">{"id":12981,"name":"Enzyme Inhibitors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme_Inhibitors?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5377297]'), work: {"id":5377297,"title":"Pharmacological enhancement of the endocannabinoid system in the nucleus accumbens shell stimulates food intake and increases c-Fos expression in the hypothalamus","created_at":"2013-12-10T05:06:32.018-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5377297/Pharmacological_enhancement_of_the_endocannabinoid_system_in_the_nucleus_accumbens_shell_stimulates_food_intake_and_increases_c_Fos_expression_in_the_hypothalamus?f_ri=2584","dom_id":"work_5377297","summary":"Background and purpose:Evidence indicates that the endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), increases food intake when injected into the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcS), thereby potentially activating hypothalamic nuclei involved in food intake regulation. We aimed to evaluate potential orexigenic effects of the endocannabinoid anandamide and of AA5HT, a fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor, and OMDM-1, an inhibitor of anandamide uptake, injected in the NAcS, as well as the effect of these treatments on activation of hypothalamic nuclei.Evidence indicates that the endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), increases food intake when injected into the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcS), thereby potentially activating hypothalamic nuclei involved in food intake regulation. We aimed to evaluate potential orexigenic effects of the endocannabinoid anandamide and of AA5HT, a fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor, and OMDM-1, an inhibitor of anandamide uptake, injected in the NAcS, as well as the effect of these treatments on activation of hypothalamic nuclei.Experimental approach:Drugs were given into the NAcS of rats and food intake quantified during the next 4 h. In other groups, after the same treatments the brains were processed for c-Fos immunohistochemistry with focus on hypothalamic nuclei. Additional groups were used to quantify endocannabinoid levels in the nucleus accumbens and the hypothalamus after AA5HT and OMDM-1 intra-NAcS injections.Drugs were given into the NAcS of rats and food intake quantified during the next 4 h. In other groups, after the same treatments the brains were processed for c-Fos immunohistochemistry with focus on hypothalamic nuclei. Additional groups were used to quantify endocannabinoid levels in the nucleus accumbens and the hypothalamus after AA5HT and OMDM-1 intra-NAcS injections.Key resultsOur results indicate that the above treatments stimulate food intake during 4 h post-injection. They also increase c-Fos immunoreactivity in hypothalamic nuclei. The CB1 antagonist, AM251, blocked these effects. Finally, we found elevated levels of 2-AG, but not anandamide, after intra-NAcS injections of AA5HT.Our results indicate that the above treatments stimulate food intake during 4 h post-injection. They also increase c-Fos immunoreactivity in hypothalamic nuclei. The CB1 antagonist, AM251, blocked these effects. Finally, we found elevated levels of 2-AG, but not anandamide, after intra-NAcS injections of AA5HT.Conclusions and implications:These data support the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in feeding behavior at the level of the NAcS and hypothalamus. In addition, this is the first experimental demonstration that the pharmacological inhibition of endocannabinoid inactivation in the NAcS stimulates food intake, suggesting that the endocannabinoid degrading proteins can be a target for treating eating disorders.British Journal of Pharmacology (2007) 151, 1109–1116; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707313These data support the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in feeding behavior at the level of the NAcS and hypothalamus. In addition, this is the first experimental demonstration that the pharmacological inhibition of endocannabinoid inactivation in the NAcS stimulates food intake, suggesting that the endocannabinoid degrading proteins can be a target for treating eating disorders.British Journal of Pharmacology (2007) 151, 1109–1116; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707313","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49318624,"asset_id":5377297,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7486181,"first_name":"Edgar","last_name":"Soria-Gomez","domain_name":"neurocentre-magendie","page_name":"edgarsoria","display_name":"Edgar Soria-Gomez","profile_url":"https://neurocentre-magendie.academia.edu/edgarsoria?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7486181/6301958/7133716/s65_edgar.soria-gomez.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":7324,"name":"British","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":12981,"name":"Enzyme Inhibitors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme_Inhibitors?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":27784,"name":"Gene expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression?f_ri=2584"},{"id":37851,"name":"Neuroprotection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroprotection?f_ri=2584"},{"id":38831,"name":"Signal 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Receptor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoid_Receptor?f_ri=2584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16493405 coauthored" data-work_id="16493405" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16493405/Polyanalgesic_Consensus_Conference_2012_Recommendations_for_the_Management_of_Pain_by_Intrathecal_Intraspinal_Drug_Delivery_Report_of_an_Interdisciplinary_Expert_Panel">Polyanalgesic Consensus Conference 2012: Recommendations for the Management of Pain by Intrathecal (Intraspinal) Drug Delivery: Report of an Interdisciplinary Expert Panel</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Introduction: Targeted intrathecal drug infusion to treat moderate to severe chronic pain has become a standard part of treatment algorithms when more conservative options fail. This therapy is well established in the literature, has... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_16493405" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Introduction: Targeted intrathecal drug infusion to treat moderate to severe chronic pain has become a standard part of treatment algorithms when more conservative options fail. This therapy is well established in the literature, has shown efficacy, and is an important tool for the treatment of both cancer and noncancer pain; however, it has become clear in recent years that intrathecal drug delivery is associated with risks for serious morbidity and mortality.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16493405" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9777b4f7b6f79e8056b6d0ef8767fc19" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42461629,"asset_id":16493405,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42461629/download_file?st=MTczNzI4NDc3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35712025" href="https://healthsciences-ucla.academia.edu/JoshuaPrager">Joshua Prager</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35712025" type="text/json">{"id":35712025,"first_name":"Joshua","last_name":"Prager","domain_name":"healthsciences-ucla","page_name":"JoshuaPrager","display_name":"Joshua Prager","profile_url":"https://healthsciences-ucla.academia.edu/JoshuaPrager?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-16493405">+5</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-16493405"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/RRauck">R. Rauck</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/TimothyDeer">Timothy Deer</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/RobertLevy8">Robert Levy</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/GladstoneMcDowell">Gladstone McDowell</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelStantonhicks">Michael Stanton-hicks</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-16493405'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-16493405').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16493405 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16493405"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16493405, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16493405", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16493405]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_16493405").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_16493405").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="16493405"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="428" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms">Algorithms</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="428" type="text/json">{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation">Neuromodulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2584" type="text/json">{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16493405]'), work: {"id":16493405,"title":"Polyanalgesic Consensus Conference 2012: Recommendations for the Management of Pain by Intrathecal (Intraspinal) Drug Delivery: Report of an Interdisciplinary Expert Panel","created_at":"2015-10-05T17:30:39.878-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16493405/Polyanalgesic_Consensus_Conference_2012_Recommendations_for_the_Management_of_Pain_by_Intrathecal_Intraspinal_Drug_Delivery_Report_of_an_Interdisciplinary_Expert_Panel?f_ri=2584","dom_id":"work_16493405","summary":"Introduction: Targeted intrathecal drug infusion to treat moderate to severe chronic pain has become a standard part of treatment algorithms when more conservative options fail. This therapy is well established in the literature, has shown efficacy, and is an important tool for the treatment of both cancer and noncancer pain; however, it has become clear in recent years that intrathecal drug delivery is associated with risks for serious morbidity and mortality.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42461629,"asset_id":16493405,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35712025,"first_name":"Joshua","last_name":"Prager","domain_name":"healthsciences-ucla","page_name":"JoshuaPrager","display_name":"Joshua Prager","profile_url":"https://healthsciences-ucla.academia.edu/JoshuaPrager?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":48531564,"first_name":"R.","last_name":"Rauck","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RRauck","display_name":"R. Rauck","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RRauck?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":39302578,"first_name":"Timothy","last_name":"Deer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TimothyDeer","display_name":"Timothy Deer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TimothyDeer?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":37143571,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Levy","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RobertLevy8","display_name":"Robert Levy","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RobertLevy8?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":36180711,"first_name":"Gladstone","last_name":"McDowell","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GladstoneMcDowell","display_name":"Gladstone McDowell","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GladstoneMcDowell?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":36239299,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Stanton-hicks","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MichaelStantonhicks","display_name":"Michael Stanton-hicks","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelStantonhicks?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":4479,"name":"Chronic Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain?f_ri=2584"},{"id":159187,"name":"Drug Delivery Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Delivery_Systems?f_ri=2584"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2584"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2584"},{"id":1445770,"name":"Analgesics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analgesics?f_ri=2584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28493598" data-work_id="28493598" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28493598/Intrathecal_Opioid_Conversions_the_Importance_of_Lipophilicity">Intrathecal Opioid Conversions: the Importance of Lipophilicity</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">An intrathecal opioid infusion using an implanted programmable pump i s frequently used for controlling refractory pain. Morphine, which is the only opioid presently approved by the FDA for use in such pumps, occasionally fails to work or... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28493598" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">An intrathecal opioid infusion using an implanted programmable pump i s frequently used for controlling refractory pain. Morphine, which is the only opioid presently approved by the FDA for use in such pumps, occasionally fails to work or i s not tolerated by the patient; therefore other opioids are considered for infusions. When switching from one drug to another, it is important to consider not only equianalgesic dose conversions, but also lipophilicity. We report on three cases that demonstrate the need to use only a fraction of the equianalgesic dose when shifting from lipophilic to nonlipophilic opioids in such infusions. H KEY WORDS: lntrasplnal-neuromodulation-opiatespain-pumps.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28493598" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7f2827f521ba63b5ac6ac98b8f100ae6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48841228,"asset_id":28493598,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48841228/download_file?st=MTczNzI4NDc3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="53430421" href="https://independent.academia.edu/VitalyGordin">Vitaly Gordin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="53430421" type="text/json">{"id":53430421,"first_name":"Vitaly","last_name":"Gordin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VitalyGordin","display_name":"Vitaly Gordin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VitalyGordin?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28493598 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28493598"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28493598, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28493598", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_28493598 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28493598; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_28493598"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_28493598 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28493598"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28493598; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28493598]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28493598").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28493598").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28493598"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation">Neuromodulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2584" type="text/json">{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="244814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences">Clinical Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="244814" type="text/json">{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1239755" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences">Neurosciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1239755" type="text/json">{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28493598]'), work: {"id":28493598,"title":"Intrathecal Opioid Conversions: the Importance of Lipophilicity","created_at":"2016-09-14T14:14:05.063-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28493598/Intrathecal_Opioid_Conversions_the_Importance_of_Lipophilicity?f_ri=2584","dom_id":"work_28493598","summary":"An intrathecal opioid infusion using an implanted programmable pump i s frequently used for controlling refractory pain. Morphine, which is the only opioid presently approved by the FDA for use in such pumps, occasionally fails to work or i s not tolerated by the patient; therefore other opioids are considered for infusions. When switching from one drug to another, it is important to consider not only equianalgesic dose conversions, but also lipophilicity. We report on three cases that demonstrate the need to use only a fraction of the equianalgesic dose when shifting from lipophilic to nonlipophilic opioids in such infusions. H KEY WORDS: lntrasplnal-neuromodulation-opiatespain-pumps.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48841228,"asset_id":28493598,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":53430421,"first_name":"Vitaly","last_name":"Gordin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VitalyGordin","display_name":"Vitaly Gordin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VitalyGordin?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16493404" data-work_id="16493404" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16493404/A_New_Spinal_Cord_Stimulation_System_Effectively_Relieves_Chronic_Intractable_Pain_A_Multicenter_Prospective_Clinical_Study">A New Spinal Cord Stimulation System Effectively Relieves Chronic, Intractable Pain: A Multicenter Prospective Clinical Study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A prospective, open label, multicenter clinical trial confirmed the functionality of a new spinal cord stimulation (SCS) system for the treatment of chronic, intractable pain of the trunk and/or limbs. Materials and Methods. Sixty-five... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_16493404" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A prospective, open label, multicenter clinical trial confirmed the functionality of a new spinal cord stimulation (SCS) system for the treatment of chronic, intractable pain of the trunk and/or limbs. Materials and Methods. Sixty-five subjects tested a rechargeable 16-channel SCS system with individual current control of each contact on one or two percutaneous eight-contact epidural leads. After baseline measurements, subjects were tracked on pain ratings and complication rates for up to 18 months. Results. After a trial period, 75% of subjects underwent permanent implantation of the entire SCS system. More than one-half the implanted subjects experienced 50% or greater relief of pain after permanent implantation; some subjects reported relief of 90% or more of their pain. The most common complications after permanent implantation were lead migration, uncomfortable stimulation, and component failure; most resolved after reprogramming or device replacement. Conclusions. The new SCS system provided good pain relief to a majority of subjects, and the results confirm a favorable safety and efficacy profile for the SCS system.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16493404" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6cf65c0a999f782cdad6eee71ccdd2e1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42461745,"asset_id":16493404,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42461745/download_file?st=MTczNzI4NDc3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35712025" href="https://healthsciences-ucla.academia.edu/JoshuaPrager">Joshua Prager</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35712025" type="text/json">{"id":35712025,"first_name":"Joshua","last_name":"Prager","domain_name":"healthsciences-ucla","page_name":"JoshuaPrager","display_name":"Joshua Prager","profile_url":"https://healthsciences-ucla.academia.edu/JoshuaPrager?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16493404 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16493404"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16493404, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16493404", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_16493404 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16493404; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_16493404"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_16493404 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16493404"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16493404; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16493404]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_16493404").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_16493404").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="16493404"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation">Neuromodulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2584" type="text/json">{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="244814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences">Clinical Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="244814" type="text/json">{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="473907" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinal_Cord_Stimulation">Spinal Cord Stimulation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="473907" type="text/json">{"id":473907,"name":"Spinal Cord Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinal_Cord_Stimulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16493404]'), work: {"id":16493404,"title":"A New Spinal Cord Stimulation System Effectively Relieves Chronic, Intractable Pain: A Multicenter Prospective Clinical Study","created_at":"2015-10-05T17:30:39.788-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16493404/A_New_Spinal_Cord_Stimulation_System_Effectively_Relieves_Chronic_Intractable_Pain_A_Multicenter_Prospective_Clinical_Study?f_ri=2584","dom_id":"work_16493404","summary":"A prospective, open label, multicenter clinical trial confirmed the functionality of a new spinal cord stimulation (SCS) system for the treatment of chronic, intractable pain of the trunk and/or limbs. Materials and Methods. Sixty-five subjects tested a rechargeable 16-channel SCS system with individual current control of each contact on one or two percutaneous eight-contact epidural leads. After baseline measurements, subjects were tracked on pain ratings and complication rates for up to 18 months. Results. After a trial period, 75% of subjects underwent permanent implantation of the entire SCS system. More than one-half the implanted subjects experienced 50% or greater relief of pain after permanent implantation; some subjects reported relief of 90% or more of their pain. The most common complications after permanent implantation were lead migration, uncomfortable stimulation, and component failure; most resolved after reprogramming or device replacement. Conclusions. The new SCS system provided good pain relief to a majority of subjects, and the results confirm a favorable safety and efficacy profile for the SCS system.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42461745,"asset_id":16493404,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35712025,"first_name":"Joshua","last_name":"Prager","domain_name":"healthsciences-ucla","page_name":"JoshuaPrager","display_name":"Joshua Prager","profile_url":"https://healthsciences-ucla.academia.edu/JoshuaPrager?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":473907,"name":"Spinal Cord Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinal_Cord_Stimulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":546356,"name":"Clinical Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Study?f_ri=2584"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19192206 coauthored" data-work_id="19192206" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19192206/The_appropriate_use_of_neurostimulation_of_the_spinal_cord_and_peripheral_nervous_system_for_the_treatment_of_chronic_pain_and_ischemic_diseases_the_Neuromodulation_Appropriateness_Consensus_Committee">The appropriate use of neurostimulation of the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system for the treatment of chronic pain and ischemic diseases: the Neuromodulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Neuromodulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee (NACC) of the International Neuromodulation Society (INS) evaluated evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of neurostimulation to treat chronic pain, chronic critical limb... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19192206" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Neuromodulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee (NACC) of the International Neuromodulation Society (INS) evaluated evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of neurostimulation to treat chronic pain, chronic critical limb ischemia, and refractory angina and recommended appropriate clinical applications. The NACC used literature reviews, expert opinion, clinical experience, and individual research. Authors consulted the Practice Parameters for the Use of Spinal Cord Stimulation in the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain (2006), systematic reviews (1984 to 2013), and prospective and randomized controlled trials (2005 to 2013) identified through PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. Neurostimulation is relatively safe because of its minimally invasive and reversible characteristics. Comparison with medical management is difficult, as patients considered for neurostimulation have failed conservative management. Unlike alternative therapies, neurostimulation is not associated with medi...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19192206" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1a8dfbc34a234802f26808a0dca43ef4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40482342,"asset_id":19192206,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40482342/download_file?st=MTczNzI4NDc3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39406939" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PaulVerrills">Paul Verrills</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39406939" type="text/json">{"id":39406939,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Verrills","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PaulVerrills","display_name":"Paul Verrills","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PaulVerrills?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-19192206">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-19192206"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://stanford.academia.edu/SeanMackey">Sean Mackey</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-19192206'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-19192206').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19192206 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19192206"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19192206, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19192206", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_19192206 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19192206; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_19192206"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_19192206 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19192206"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19192206; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19192206]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19192206").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19192206").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19192206"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation">Neuromodulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2584" type="text/json">{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4479" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain">Chronic Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4479" type="text/json">{"id":4479,"name":"Chronic Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Management">Pain Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="40165" type="text/json">{"id":40165,"name":"Pain Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Management?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19192206]'), work: {"id":19192206,"title":"The appropriate use of neurostimulation of the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system for the treatment of chronic pain and ischemic diseases: the Neuromodulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee","created_at":"2015-11-29T12:36:24.408-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19192206/The_appropriate_use_of_neurostimulation_of_the_spinal_cord_and_peripheral_nervous_system_for_the_treatment_of_chronic_pain_and_ischemic_diseases_the_Neuromodulation_Appropriateness_Consensus_Committee?f_ri=2584","dom_id":"work_19192206","summary":"The Neuromodulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee (NACC) of the International Neuromodulation Society (INS) evaluated evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of neurostimulation to treat chronic pain, chronic critical limb ischemia, and refractory angina and recommended appropriate clinical applications. The NACC used literature reviews, expert opinion, clinical experience, and individual research. Authors consulted the Practice Parameters for the Use of Spinal Cord Stimulation in the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain (2006), systematic reviews (1984 to 2013), and prospective and randomized controlled trials (2005 to 2013) identified through PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. Neurostimulation is relatively safe because of its minimally invasive and reversible characteristics. Comparison with medical management is difficult, as patients considered for neurostimulation have failed conservative management. Unlike alternative therapies, neurostimulation is not associated with medi...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40482342,"asset_id":19192206,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39406939,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Verrills","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PaulVerrills","display_name":"Paul Verrills","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PaulVerrills?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":137570052,"first_name":"Sean","last_name":"Mackey","domain_name":"stanford","page_name":"SeanMackey","display_name":"Sean Mackey","profile_url":"https://stanford.academia.edu/SeanMackey?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/137570052/36683981/31321834/s65_sean.mackey.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":4479,"name":"Chronic Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":40165,"name":"Pain Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Management?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":82983,"name":"Ischemia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ischemia?f_ri=2584"},{"id":118523,"name":"Checklist","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Checklist?f_ri=2584"},{"id":189949,"name":"Anticoagulants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anticoagulants?f_ri=2584"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2584"},{"id":457859,"name":"Cost Benefit Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cost_Benefit_Analysis?f_ri=2584"},{"id":473907,"name":"Spinal Cord Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinal_Cord_Stimulation?f_ri=2584"},{"id":479866,"name":"Peripheral nerves","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peripheral_nerves?f_ri=2584"},{"id":479871,"name":"Angina pectoris","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Angina_pectoris?f_ri=2584"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2584"},{"id":1445770,"name":"Analgesics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analgesics?f_ri=2584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68105198" data-work_id="68105198" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68105198/Effective_movement_control_re_habilitation_in_cerebral_palsy_the_use_of_translingual_neurostimulation_TLNS_">Effective movement control (re)habilitation in cerebral palsy: the use of translingual neurostimulation (TLNS))</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">PURPOSE. to investigate the acceptability, efficacy, and effect duration of translingual neurostimulation (TLNS) plus standard therapeutic exercise program (TEP) to improve motor skills in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods:... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68105198" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">PURPOSE. to investigate the acceptability, efficacy, and effect duration of translingual neurostimulation (TLNS) plus standard therapeutic exercise program (TEP) to improve motor skills in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: Participants aged 2-17 years (n = 134) diagnosed with spastic diplegia CP with coordination and mobility symptoms were enrolled at Sestroretsk City hospital № 40. Participants were offered one of two treatment regimens: either TEP plus TLNS with the Portable Neuromodulation Stimulator (PoNS™) - experimental arm or TEP alone (control). the treatment course continued for ten days (2 weeks, excluding two weekend days). In the experimental group and TEP, TLNS was applied twice a day, 20 minutes each during exercises, morning, and afternoon, at least 3 hours between sessions. Assessments before and after therapy courses measured spasticity, balance, and motor skills. Either treatment could be repeated several times (6-12 months between courses). All children were assessed before and after a course round of therapy using standard scales for spasticity, balance, and motor skills (Ashworth scale, berg scale, Gross motor function Classification System, functional movement Screen). Results: Both groups of patients showed improvement; however, the improvement was significantly more significant in the experimental group across all scales, observed in all ages, and largely sustained for 6-12 months. CONCLUSIONS. TLNS plus TEP can be considered as a novel and promising strategy to improve neurorehabilitation outcomes in children with CP, offering broad implications for the development and use of TLNS in CP.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68105198" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b4145031a2c0990cc97dfe779bb872a6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78700411,"asset_id":68105198,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78700411/download_file?st=MTczNzI4NDc3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5615647" href="https://wisc.academia.edu/YuriDanilov">Yuri Danilov</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5615647" type="text/json">{"id":5615647,"first_name":"Yuri","last_name":"Danilov","domain_name":"wisc","page_name":"YuriDanilov","display_name":"Yuri Danilov","profile_url":"https://wisc.academia.edu/YuriDanilov?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5615647/5663280/6442946/s65_yuri.danilov.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68105198 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68105198"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68105198, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68105198", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_68105198 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68105198; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_68105198"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_68105198 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="68105198"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68105198; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68105198]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_68105198").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_68105198").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="68105198"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation">Neuromodulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2584" type="text/json">{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3946" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurorehabilitation">Neurorehabilitation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3946" type="text/json">{"id":3946,"name":"Neurorehabilitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurorehabilitation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17845" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cerebral_Palsy">Cerebral Palsy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17845" type="text/json">{"id":17845,"name":"Cerebral Palsy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cerebral_Palsy?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="168532" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensory_Integration_Therapy_for_Cerebral_Palsy">Sensory Integration Therapy for Cerebral Palsy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="168532" type="text/json">{"id":168532,"name":"Sensory Integration Therapy for Cerebral Palsy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensory_Integration_Therapy_for_Cerebral_Palsy?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=68105198]'), work: {"id":68105198,"title":"Effective movement control (re)habilitation in cerebral palsy: the use of translingual neurostimulation (TLNS))","created_at":"2022-01-14T05:37:14.092-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/68105198/Effective_movement_control_re_habilitation_in_cerebral_palsy_the_use_of_translingual_neurostimulation_TLNS_?f_ri=2584","dom_id":"work_68105198","summary":"PURPOSE. to investigate the acceptability, efficacy, and effect duration of translingual neurostimulation (TLNS) plus standard therapeutic exercise program (TEP) to improve motor skills in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: Participants aged 2-17 years (n = 134) diagnosed with spastic diplegia CP with coordination and mobility symptoms were enrolled at Sestroretsk City hospital № 40. Participants were offered one of two treatment regimens: either TEP plus TLNS with the Portable Neuromodulation Stimulator (PoNS™) - experimental arm or TEP alone (control). the treatment course continued for ten days (2 weeks, excluding two weekend days). In the experimental group and TEP, TLNS was applied twice a day, 20 minutes each during exercises, morning, and afternoon, at least 3 hours between sessions. Assessments before and after therapy courses measured spasticity, balance, and motor skills. Either treatment could be repeated several times (6-12 months between courses). All children were assessed before and after a course round of therapy using standard scales for spasticity, balance, and motor skills (Ashworth scale, berg scale, Gross motor function Classification System, functional movement Screen). Results: Both groups of patients showed improvement; however, the improvement was significantly more significant in the experimental group across all scales, observed in all ages, and largely sustained for 6-12 months. CONCLUSIONS. TLNS plus TEP can be considered as a novel and promising strategy to improve neurorehabilitation outcomes in children with CP, offering broad implications for the development and use of TLNS in CP.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78700411,"asset_id":68105198,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5615647,"first_name":"Yuri","last_name":"Danilov","domain_name":"wisc","page_name":"YuriDanilov","display_name":"Yuri Danilov","profile_url":"https://wisc.academia.edu/YuriDanilov?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5615647/5663280/6442946/s65_yuri.danilov.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":3946,"name":"Neurorehabilitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurorehabilitation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":17845,"name":"Cerebral Palsy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cerebral_Palsy?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":168532,"name":"Sensory Integration Therapy for Cerebral Palsy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensory_Integration_Therapy_for_Cerebral_Palsy?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":816850,"name":"Cerebral Palsy Physiotherapy Intervention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cerebral_Palsy_Physiotherapy_Intervention?f_ri=2584"},{"id":866187,"name":"Neuromodulation Devices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation_Devices?f_ri=2584"},{"id":904100,"name":"Cranial Nerves","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cranial_Nerves?f_ri=2584"},{"id":1435128,"name":"Children With Cerebral Palsy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Children_With_Cerebral_Palsy?f_ri=2584"},{"id":1995036,"name":"Neurophysiology of Neurostimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurophysiology_of_Neurostimulation?f_ri=2584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4166117" data-work_id="4166117" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4166117/THE_PLASTIC_HUMAN_BRAIN_CORTEX">THE PLASTIC HUMAN BRAIN CORTEX</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Plasticity is an intrinsic property of the human brain and represents evolution's invention to enable the nervous system to escape the restrictions of its own genome and thus adapt to environmental pressures, physiologic changes, and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4166117" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Plasticity is an intrinsic property of the human brain and represents evolution's invention to enable the nervous system to escape the restrictions of its own genome and thus adapt to environmental pressures, physiologic changes, and experiences. Dynamic shifts in the strength of preexisting connections across distributed neural networks, changes in task-related cortico-cortical and corticosubcortical coherence and modifications of the mapping between behavior and neural activity take place in response to changes in afferent input or efferent demand. Such rapid, ongoing changes may be followed by the establishment of new connections through dendritic growth and arborization. However, they harbor the danger that the evolving pattern of neural activation may in itself lead to abnormal behavior. Plasticity is the mechanism for development and learning, as much as a cause of pathology. The challenge we face is to learn enough about the mechanisms of plasticity to modulate them to achieve the best behavioral outcome for a given subject. 377 Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 2005.28:377-401. Downloaded from arjournals.annualreviews.org by HARVARD COLLEGE on 07/17/05. For personal use only. Pascual-Leone et al. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 2005.28:377-401. Downloaded from arjournals.annualreviews.org by HARVARD COLLEGE on 07/17/05. For personal use only. <a href="http://www.annualreviews.org" rel="nofollow">www.annualreviews.org</a> • The Plastic Human Brain Cortex 389 Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 2005.28:377-401. Downloaded from arjournals.annualreviews.org by HARVARD COLLEGE on 07/17/05. For personal use only.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4166117" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6b8136b28e763f701500cb8b260c1602" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31670693,"asset_id":4166117,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31670693/download_file?st=MTczNzI4NDc3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5034693" href="https://huji.academia.edu/AmirAmedi">Amir Amedi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5034693" type="text/json">{"id":5034693,"first_name":"Amir","last_name":"Amedi","domain_name":"huji","page_name":"AmirAmedi","display_name":"Amir Amedi","profile_url":"https://huji.academia.edu/AmirAmedi?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5034693/2190558/2567342/s65_amir.amedi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4166117 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4166117"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4166117, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4166117", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4166117]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4166117").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4166117").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4166117"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="161" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience">Neuroscience</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="161" type="text/json">{"id":161,"name":"Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation">Neuromodulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2584" type="text/json">{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3946" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurorehabilitation">Neurorehabilitation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3946" type="text/json">{"id":3946,"name":"Neurorehabilitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurorehabilitation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4166117]'), work: {"id":4166117,"title":"THE PLASTIC HUMAN BRAIN CORTEX","created_at":"2013-08-03T11:49:57.682-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4166117/THE_PLASTIC_HUMAN_BRAIN_CORTEX?f_ri=2584","dom_id":"work_4166117","summary":"Plasticity is an intrinsic property of the human brain and represents evolution's invention to enable the nervous system to escape the restrictions of its own genome and thus adapt to environmental pressures, physiologic changes, and experiences. Dynamic shifts in the strength of preexisting connections across distributed neural networks, changes in task-related cortico-cortical and corticosubcortical coherence and modifications of the mapping between behavior and neural activity take place in response to changes in afferent input or efferent demand. Such rapid, ongoing changes may be followed by the establishment of new connections through dendritic growth and arborization. However, they harbor the danger that the evolving pattern of neural activation may in itself lead to abnormal behavior. Plasticity is the mechanism for development and learning, as much as a cause of pathology. The challenge we face is to learn enough about the mechanisms of plasticity to modulate them to achieve the best behavioral outcome for a given subject. 377 Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 2005.28:377-401. Downloaded from arjournals.annualreviews.org by HARVARD COLLEGE on 07/17/05. For personal use only. Pascual-Leone et al. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 2005.28:377-401. Downloaded from arjournals.annualreviews.org by HARVARD COLLEGE on 07/17/05. For personal use only. www.annualreviews.org • The Plastic Human Brain Cortex 389 Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 2005.28:377-401. Downloaded from arjournals.annualreviews.org by HARVARD COLLEGE on 07/17/05. For personal use only.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31670693,"asset_id":4166117,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5034693,"first_name":"Amir","last_name":"Amedi","domain_name":"huji","page_name":"AmirAmedi","display_name":"Amir Amedi","profile_url":"https://huji.academia.edu/AmirAmedi?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5034693/2190558/2567342/s65_amir.amedi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":161,"name":"Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":3946,"name":"Neurorehabilitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurorehabilitation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":5097,"name":"Blindness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blindness?f_ri=2584"},{"id":43774,"name":"Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Learning?f_ri=2584"},{"id":52176,"name":"Brain Mapping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Mapping?f_ri=2584"},{"id":65140,"name":"Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Models?f_ri=2584"},{"id":78467,"name":"Cerebral Cortex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cerebral_Cortex?f_ri=2584"},{"id":132020,"name":"Neuronal Plasticity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuronal_Plasticity?f_ri=2584"},{"id":203010,"name":"Human Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Brain?f_ri=2584"},{"id":203765,"name":"Diagnostic Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diagnostic_Imaging?f_ri=2584"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=2584"},{"id":509029,"name":"Functional Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Neuroimaging?f_ri=2584"},{"id":637718,"name":"Nervous System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nervous_System?f_ri=2584"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2584"},{"id":2234200,"name":"Functional Laterality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Laterality?f_ri=2584"},{"id":2450733,"name":"Brain injuries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_injuries?f_ri=2584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12959656" data-work_id="12959656" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12959656/Non_resective_surgery_and_radiosurgery_for_treatment_of_drug_resistant_epilepsy">Non-resective surgery and radiosurgery for treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Epilepsy surgery is an effective treatment for properly selected patients with intractable seizures. However, many patients with medically intractable epilepsy are not excellent candidates for surgical resection of the epileptogenic zone.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12959656" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Epilepsy surgery is an effective treatment for properly selected patients with intractable seizures. However, many patients with medically intractable epilepsy are not excellent candidates for surgical resection of the epileptogenic zone. Due to recent advances in computer technology and bioengineering, several novel techniques are receiving increasing interest for their role in the care of people with epilepsy. Neuromodulation is an emerging surgical option to be used when conventional resective surgery is not indicated. We review the indications and expected outcomes of neuromodulatory treatments currently available for the treatment of refractory epilepsy, i.e., vagus nerve stimulation, deep brain stimulation, stereotactic radiosurgery, and multiple subpial transections.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12959656" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f42c08552cb544dbbc6ea5cbd2d6e18e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45822247,"asset_id":12959656,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45822247/download_file?st=MTczNzI4NDc3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32153769" href="https://independent.academia.edu/pantaleoromanelli">pantaleo romanelli</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32153769" type="text/json">{"id":32153769,"first_name":"pantaleo","last_name":"romanelli","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"pantaleoromanelli","display_name":"pantaleo romanelli","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/pantaleoromanelli?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12959656 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12959656"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12959656, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12959656", }); 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However, many patients with medically intractable epilepsy are not excellent candidates for surgical resection of the epileptogenic zone. Due to recent advances in computer technology and bioengineering, several novel techniques are receiving increasing interest for their role in the care of people with epilepsy. Neuromodulation is an emerging surgical option to be used when conventional resective surgery is not indicated. We review the indications and expected outcomes of neuromodulatory treatments currently available for the treatment of refractory epilepsy, i.e., vagus nerve stimulation, deep brain stimulation, stereotactic radiosurgery, and multiple subpial transections.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45822247,"asset_id":12959656,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32153769,"first_name":"pantaleo","last_name":"romanelli","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"pantaleoromanelli","display_name":"pantaleo romanelli","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/pantaleoromanelli?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2583,"name":"Deep Brain Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deep_Brain_Stimulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":7648,"name":"Epilepsy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epilepsy?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":7986,"name":"Radiosurgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiosurgery?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=2584"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2123138" data-work_id="2123138" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2123138/_The_neurobiology_of_anhedonia_The_pathophysiology_of_an_important_symptom_in_depressive_disorders_">[The neurobiology of anhedonia : The pathophysiology of an important symptom in depressive disorders.]</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The phenomenon of anhedonia, the inability to experience pleasure, is one of the essential elements for the diagnosis of depressive disorders. According to the criteria of both the ICD-10 and the DSM-IV, the presence of this symptom is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2123138" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The phenomenon of anhedonia, the inability to experience pleasure, is one of the essential elements for the diagnosis of depressive disorders. According to the criteria of both the ICD-10 and the DSM-IV, the presence of this symptom is crucial for the diagnosis of depressive disorders. In recent years scientific approaches using animal studies and projects of functional imaging have allowed the development of a new concept of the pathophysiology of anhedonia. The hypothesis that functional changes within the mesolimbic reward system could represent the neural correlate of anhedonia has contributed to a new concept of depressive disorders and allows testing of new therapeutic options for patients suffering from very resistant forms of depression. By using the method of deep brain stimulation present clinical studies try to ascertain whether the symptom of anhedonia can be alleviated by influencing the neural activity of the reward system. This article will give a critical overview about the background for new therapeutic approaches and illuminates the results of these studies.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2123138" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="820fa7c1d54696fe15fd884da07f30c7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30182456,"asset_id":2123138,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30182456/download_file?st=MTczNzI4NDc3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="867501" href="https://imtek.academia.edu/ThomasESchlaepfer">Thomas E. 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According to the criteria of both the ICD-10 and the DSM-IV, the presence of this symptom is crucial for the diagnosis of depressive disorders. In recent years scientific approaches using animal studies and projects of functional imaging have allowed the development of a new concept of the pathophysiology of anhedonia. The hypothesis that functional changes within the mesolimbic reward system could represent the neural correlate of anhedonia has contributed to a new concept of depressive disorders and allows testing of new therapeutic options for patients suffering from very resistant forms of depression. By using the method of deep brain stimulation present clinical studies try to ascertain whether the symptom of anhedonia can be alleviated by influencing the neural activity of the reward system. This article will give a critical overview about the background for new therapeutic approaches and illuminates the results of these studies.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30182456,"asset_id":2123138,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":867501,"first_name":"Thomas E.","last_name":"Schlaepfer","domain_name":"imtek","page_name":"ThomasESchlaepfer","display_name":"Thomas E. Schlaepfer","profile_url":"https://imtek.academia.edu/ThomasESchlaepfer?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/867501/348894/21387500/s65_thomas_e..schlaepfer.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":635,"name":"Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatry?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":2583,"name":"Deep Brain Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deep_Brain_Stimulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":9088,"name":"Affective Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Affective_Neuroscience?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":173319,"name":"Anhedonia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anhedonia?f_ri=2584"},{"id":311947,"name":"Major Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Major_Depression?f_ri=2584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13664534" data-work_id="13664534" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13664534/Spinal_cord_stimulation_for_refractory_angina_pectoris_a_retrospective_analysis_of_efficacy_and_cost_benefit">Spinal cord stimulation for refractory angina pectoris: a retrospective analysis of efficacy and cost-benefit</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13664534" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text 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$(".js-view-count-work_13664534").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13664534").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13664534"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1131" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering">Biomedical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1131" type="text/json">{"id":1131,"name":"Biomedical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation">Neuromodulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2584" type="text/json">{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7470" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_life">Quality of life</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7470" type="text/json">{"id":7470,"name":"Quality of life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_life?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12426" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome">Treatment Outcome</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12426" type="text/json">{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment 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Admission","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patient_Admission?f_ri=2584"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2584"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=2584"},{"id":374984,"name":"Coronary Angiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronary_Angiography?f_ri=2584"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=2584"},{"id":457859,"name":"Cost Benefit Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cost_Benefit_Analysis?f_ri=2584"},{"id":469105,"name":"Retrospective Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retrospective_Studies?f_ri=2584"},{"id":473907,"name":"Spinal Cord Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinal_Cord_Stimulation?f_ri=2584"},{"id":479871,"name":"Angina pectoris","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Angina_pectoris?f_ri=2584"},{"id":746572,"name":"Implantable defibrillators-cardioverters","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Implantable_defibrillators-cardioverters?f_ri=2584"},{"id":789977,"name":"Coronary Artery Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronary_Artery_Disease?f_ri=2584"},{"id":1941399,"name":"Nitroglycerin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitroglycerin?f_ri=2584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68104329" data-work_id="68104329" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68104329/CALL_FOR_EXPRESSIONS_OF_INTEREST">CALL FOR EXPRESSIONS OF INTEREST</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Cyprus (UCY) invite expressions of interest for applications for the ONISILOS Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) COFUND project. CeMAR, CAN, and DISCONSO will jointly mentor and support selected eligible candidates with a background in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68104329" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Cyprus (UCY) invite expressions of interest for applications for the ONISILOS Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) COFUND project. CeMAR, CAN, and DISCONSO will jointly mentor and support selected eligible candidates with a background in medieval studies and/or cognitive neuroscience in preparing an application for an Individual Fellowship. All supported applications will have to be on topics that fall within the theme of medieval emotions and cognitive neuroscience.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68104329" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d22ddf1ece68b364b97ae555a2808117" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78699944,"asset_id":68104329,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78699944/download_file?st=MTczNzI4NDc3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2603679" href="https://ucy.academia.edu/StavroulaConstantinou">Stavroula Constantinou</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2603679" type="text/json">{"id":2603679,"first_name":"Stavroula","last_name":"Constantinou","domain_name":"ucy","page_name":"StavroulaConstantinou","display_name":"Stavroula Constantinou","profile_url":"https://ucy.academia.edu/StavroulaConstantinou?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2603679/821350/111155775/s65_stavroula.constantinou.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68104329 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68104329"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68104329, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68104329", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68104329]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_68104329").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_68104329").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="68104329"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="94" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discourse_Analysis">Discourse Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="94" type="text/json">{"id":94,"name":"Discourse Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discourse_Analysis?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1207" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics">Historical Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1207" type="text/json">{"id":1207,"name":"Historical Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation">Neuromodulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2584" type="text/json">{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2853" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies">Medieval Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2853" type="text/json">{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=68104329]'), work: {"id":68104329,"title":"CALL FOR EXPRESSIONS OF INTEREST","created_at":"2022-01-14T05:29:52.697-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/68104329/CALL_FOR_EXPRESSIONS_OF_INTEREST?f_ri=2584","dom_id":"work_68104329","summary":"Cyprus (UCY) invite expressions of interest for applications for the ONISILOS Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) COFUND project. CeMAR, CAN, and DISCONSO will jointly mentor and support selected eligible candidates with a background in medieval studies and/or cognitive neuroscience in preparing an application for an Individual Fellowship. All supported applications will have to be on topics that fall within the theme of medieval emotions and cognitive neuroscience.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78699944,"asset_id":68104329,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2603679,"first_name":"Stavroula","last_name":"Constantinou","domain_name":"ucy","page_name":"StavroulaConstantinou","display_name":"Stavroula Constantinou","profile_url":"https://ucy.academia.edu/StavroulaConstantinou?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2603679/821350/111155775/s65_stavroula.constantinou.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":94,"name":"Discourse Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discourse_Analysis?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":1207,"name":"Historical Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":5524,"name":"History Of Emotions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Of_Emotions?f_ri=2584"},{"id":9456,"name":"Emotions (Social Psychology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotions_Social_Psychology_?f_ri=2584"},{"id":10157,"name":"Corpus Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corpus_Linguistics?f_ri=2584"},{"id":2541457,"name":"Neural Signal Processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neural_Signal_Processing?f_ri=2584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14508567" data-work_id="14508567" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14508567/Impact_of_Anodal_and_Cathodal_Transcranial_Direct_Current_Stimulation_over_the_Left_Dorsolateral_Prefrontal_Cortex_during_Attention_Bias_Modification_An_Eye_Tracking_Study">Impact of Anodal and Cathodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation over the Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex during Attention Bias Modification: An Eye-Tracking Study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">People with anxiety disorders show an attentional bias for threat (AB), and Attention Bias Modification (ABM) procedures have been found to reduce this bias. However, the underlying processes accounting for this effect remain poorly... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14508567" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">People with anxiety disorders show an attentional bias for threat (AB), and Attention Bias Modification (ABM) procedures have been found to reduce this bias. However, the underlying processes accounting for this effect remain poorly understood. One explanation suggests that ABM requires the modification of attention control, driven by the recruitment of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). In the present double-blind study, we examined whether modifying left DLPFC activation influences the effect of ABM on AB. We used transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to directly modulate cortical excitability of the left DLPFC during an ABM procedure designed to reduce AB to threat. Anodal tDCS increases excitability, whereas cathodal tDCS decreases it. We randomly assigned highly trait-anxious individuals to one of three conditions: 1) ABM combined with cathodal tDCS, 2) ABM combined with anodal tDCS, or 3) ABM combined with sham tDCS. We assessed the effects of these manipulat...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14508567" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9434234e0cf94ae469502704f5bcf3d7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44106191,"asset_id":14508567,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44106191/download_file?st=MTczNzI4NDc3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33460927" href="https://uclouvain.academia.edu/PierrePhilippot">Pierre Philippot</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33460927" type="text/json">{"id":33460927,"first_name":"Pierre","last_name":"Philippot","domain_name":"uclouvain","page_name":"PierrePhilippot","display_name":"Pierre Philippot","profile_url":"https://uclouvain.academia.edu/PierrePhilippot?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14508567 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14508567"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14508567, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14508567", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14508567]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14508567").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14508567").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14508567"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">25</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="225" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychology">Biological Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="225" type="text/json">{"id":225,"name":"Biological Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychology?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1314" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anxiety_Disorders">Anxiety Disorders</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1314" type="text/json">{"id":1314,"name":"Anxiety Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anxiety_Disorders?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1755" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_tracking">Eye tracking</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1755" type="text/json">{"id":1755,"name":"Eye tracking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_tracking?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2354" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Tracking_and_Oculomotor_Control">Eye Tracking and Oculomotor Control</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2354" type="text/json">{"id":2354,"name":"Eye Tracking and Oculomotor Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Tracking_and_Oculomotor_Control?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14508567]'), work: {"id":14508567,"title":"Impact of Anodal and Cathodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation over the Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex during Attention Bias Modification: An Eye-Tracking Study","created_at":"2015-07-30T06:24:25.774-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14508567/Impact_of_Anodal_and_Cathodal_Transcranial_Direct_Current_Stimulation_over_the_Left_Dorsolateral_Prefrontal_Cortex_during_Attention_Bias_Modification_An_Eye_Tracking_Study?f_ri=2584","dom_id":"work_14508567","summary":"People with anxiety disorders show an attentional bias for threat (AB), and Attention Bias Modification (ABM) procedures have been found to reduce this bias. However, the underlying processes accounting for this effect remain poorly understood. One explanation suggests that ABM requires the modification of attention control, driven by the recruitment of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). In the present double-blind study, we examined whether modifying left DLPFC activation influences the effect of ABM on AB. We used transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to directly modulate cortical excitability of the left DLPFC during an ABM procedure designed to reduce AB to threat. Anodal tDCS increases excitability, whereas cathodal tDCS decreases it. We randomly assigned highly trait-anxious individuals to one of three conditions: 1) ABM combined with cathodal tDCS, 2) ABM combined with anodal tDCS, or 3) ABM combined with sham tDCS. We assessed the effects of these manipulat...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44106191,"asset_id":14508567,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33460927,"first_name":"Pierre","last_name":"Philippot","domain_name":"uclouvain","page_name":"PierrePhilippot","display_name":"Pierre Philippot","profile_url":"https://uclouvain.academia.edu/PierrePhilippot?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":225,"name":"Biological Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychology?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":1314,"name":"Anxiety Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anxiety_Disorders?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":1755,"name":"Eye tracking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_tracking?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":2354,"name":"Eye Tracking and Oculomotor Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Tracking_and_Oculomotor_Control?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584"},{"id":9088,"name":"Affective Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Affective_Neuroscience?f_ri=2584"},{"id":22254,"name":"Cognitive Bias","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Bias?f_ri=2584"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=2584"},{"id":28576,"name":"Prefrontal Cortex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prefrontal_Cortex?f_ri=2584"},{"id":29051,"name":"Attentional Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attentional_Control?f_ri=2584"},{"id":30541,"name":"Attentional Biases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attentional_Biases?f_ri=2584"},{"id":33732,"name":"Executive Function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Executive_Function?f_ri=2584"},{"id":38676,"name":"Anxiety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anxiety?f_ri=2584"},{"id":41023,"name":"Social Cognitive Affective Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Cognitive_Affective_Neuroscience?f_ri=2584"},{"id":49600,"name":"Biological Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Psychiatry?f_ri=2584"},{"id":51738,"name":"tDCS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/tDCS?f_ri=2584"},{"id":76124,"name":"DLPFC","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DLPFC?f_ri=2584"},{"id":100931,"name":"Clinical Neuropsychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Neuropsychology?f_ri=2584"},{"id":107424,"name":"Experimental Psychopathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Psychopathology?f_ri=2584"},{"id":117219,"name":"Cognitive Bias Modification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Bias_Modification?f_ri=2584"},{"id":220780,"name":"PLoS one","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PLoS_one?f_ri=2584"},{"id":282758,"name":"Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcranial_Direct_Current_Stimulation?f_ri=2584"},{"id":365150,"name":"Trait Anxiety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trait_Anxiety?f_ri=2584"},{"id":623821,"name":"ANXIETY","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ANXIETY-1?f_ri=2584"},{"id":866187,"name":"Neuromodulation Devices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation_Devices?f_ri=2584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15182062" data-work_id="15182062" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15182062/Noninvasive_and_Invasive_Neuromodulation_for_the_Treatment_of_Tinnitus_An_Overview">Noninvasive and Invasive Neuromodulation for the Treatment of Tinnitus: An Overview</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objective: Nonpulsatile tinnitus is an auditory phantom percept characterized as a tone, or a noise-like sound such as a hissing or buzzing sound or polyphonic, in the absence of any objective physical sound source. Although advances have... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15182062" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objective: Nonpulsatile tinnitus is an auditory phantom percept characterized as a tone, or a noise-like sound such as a hissing or buzzing sound or polyphonic, in the absence of any objective physical sound source. Although advances have been made in symptomatic pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments, these treatments are unable to eliminate the tinnitus sensation in most patients. A novel approach using noninvasive and invasive neuromodulation has emerged as an interesting and promising modality for tinnitus relief.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15182062" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d3eebbdf925b7013918da431fda71394" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43490414,"asset_id":15182062,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43490414/download_file?st=MTczNzI4NDc3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34239583" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SvenVanneste">Sven Vanneste</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34239583" type="text/json">{"id":34239583,"first_name":"Sven","last_name":"Vanneste","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SvenVanneste","display_name":"Sven Vanneste","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SvenVanneste?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15182062 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15182062"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15182062, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15182062", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_15182062 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15182062; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_15182062"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_15182062 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15182062"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15182062; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15182062]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15182062").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15182062").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15182062"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2583" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deep_Brain_Stimulation">Deep Brain Stimulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2583" type="text/json">{"id":2583,"name":"Deep Brain Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deep_Brain_Stimulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation">Neuromodulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2584" type="text/json">{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6565" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcranial_Magnetic_Stimulation">Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6565" type="text/json">{"id":6565,"name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcranial_Magnetic_Stimulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15182062]'), work: {"id":15182062,"title":"Noninvasive and Invasive Neuromodulation for the Treatment of Tinnitus: An Overview","created_at":"2015-08-25T20:45:41.057-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15182062/Noninvasive_and_Invasive_Neuromodulation_for_the_Treatment_of_Tinnitus_An_Overview?f_ri=2584","dom_id":"work_15182062","summary":"Objective: Nonpulsatile tinnitus is an auditory phantom percept characterized as a tone, or a noise-like sound such as a hissing or buzzing sound or polyphonic, in the absence of any objective physical sound source. Although advances have been made in symptomatic pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments, these treatments are unable to eliminate the tinnitus sensation in most patients. A novel approach using noninvasive and invasive neuromodulation has emerged as an interesting and promising modality for tinnitus relief.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43490414,"asset_id":15182062,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34239583,"first_name":"Sven","last_name":"Vanneste","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SvenVanneste","display_name":"Sven Vanneste","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SvenVanneste?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":2583,"name":"Deep Brain Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deep_Brain_Stimulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":6565,"name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcranial_Magnetic_Stimulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":9749,"name":"Neurofeedback","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurofeedback?f_ri=2584"},{"id":10904,"name":"Electroencephalography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electroencephalography?f_ri=2584"},{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=2584"},{"id":28576,"name":"Prefrontal Cortex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prefrontal_Cortex?f_ri=2584"},{"id":62841,"name":"Tinnitus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tinnitus?f_ri=2584"},{"id":114550,"name":"Cortex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cortex?f_ri=2584"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2584"},{"id":723371,"name":"Auditory Cortex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Auditory_Cortex?f_ri=2584"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2584"},{"id":1748602,"name":"Vagus Nerve","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vagus_Nerve?f_ri=2584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38702155" data-work_id="38702155" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38702155/Efficacy_of_Invasive_and_Non_Invasive_Brain_Modulation_Interventions_for_Addiction">Efficacy of Invasive and Non-Invasive Brain Modulation Interventions for Addiction</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">It is important to find new treatments for addiction due to high relapse rates despite current interventions and due to expansion of the field with non-substance related addictive behaviors. Neuromodulation may provide a new type of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38702155" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">It is important to find new treatments for addiction due to high relapse rates despite current interventions and due to expansion of the field with non-substance related addictive behaviors. Neuromodulation may provide a new type of treatment for addiction since it can directly target abnormalities in neurocircuits. We review literature on five neuromodulation techniques investigated for efficacy in substance related and behavioral addictions: transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), (repetitive) transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), EEG, fMRI neurofeedback and deep brain stimulation (DBS) and additionally report on effects of these interventions on addiction-related cognitive processes. While rTMS and tDCS, mostly applied at the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, show reductions in immediate craving for various addictive substances, placebo-responses are high and long-term outcomes are understudied. The lack in well-designed EEG-neurofeedback studies despite decades of investigation impedes conclusions about its efficacy. Studies investigating fMRI neurofeedback are new and show initial promising effects on craving, but future trials are needed to investigate long-term and behavioral effects. Case studies report prolonged abstinence of opioids or alcohol with ventral striatal DBS but difficulties with patient inclusion may hinder larger, controlled trials. DBS in neuropsychiatric patients modulates brain circuits involved in reward processing, extinction and negative-reinforcement that are also relevant for addiction. To establish the potential of neuromodulation for addiction, more randomized controlled trials are needed that also investigate treatment duration required for long-term abstinence and potential synergy with other addiction interventions. Finally, future advancement may be expected from tailoring neuromodulation techniques to specific patient (neurocognitive) profiles.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38702155" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="290bec072ada7103154fc220533c3e55" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58785356,"asset_id":38702155,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58785356/download_file?st=MTczNzI4NDc3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6110834" href="https://academicmedicalcentreuniversiteitvanamsterdam.academia.edu/judyluigjes">judy luigjes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6110834" type="text/json">{"id":6110834,"first_name":"judy","last_name":"luigjes","domain_name":"academicmedicalcentreuniversiteitvanamsterdam","page_name":"judyluigjes","display_name":"judy luigjes","profile_url":"https://academicmedicalcentreuniversiteitvanamsterdam.academia.edu/judyluigjes?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6110834/24946157/23767103/s65_judy.luigjes.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38702155 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38702155"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38702155, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38702155", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38702155 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38702155; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38702155"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38702155 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38702155"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38702155; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38702155]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38702155").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38702155").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38702155"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2483" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction">Addiction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2483" type="text/json">{"id":2483,"name":"Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation">Neuromodulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2584" type="text/json">{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="42361" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/TMS">TMS</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="42361" type="text/json">{"id":42361,"name":"TMS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/TMS?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55116" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/therapy_for_Substance_dependence">therapy for Substance dependence</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="55116" type="text/json">{"id":55116,"name":"therapy for Substance dependence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/therapy_for_Substance_dependence?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38702155]'), work: {"id":38702155,"title":"Efficacy of Invasive and Non-Invasive Brain Modulation Interventions for Addiction","created_at":"2019-04-03T06:27:10.416-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38702155/Efficacy_of_Invasive_and_Non_Invasive_Brain_Modulation_Interventions_for_Addiction?f_ri=2584","dom_id":"work_38702155","summary":"It is important to find new treatments for addiction due to high relapse rates despite current interventions and due to expansion of the field with non-substance related addictive behaviors. Neuromodulation may provide a new type of treatment for addiction since it can directly target abnormalities in neurocircuits. We review literature on five neuromodulation techniques investigated for efficacy in substance related and behavioral addictions: transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), (repetitive) transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), EEG, fMRI neurofeedback and deep brain stimulation (DBS) and additionally report on effects of these interventions on addiction-related cognitive processes. While rTMS and tDCS, mostly applied at the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, show reductions in immediate craving for various addictive substances, placebo-responses are high and long-term outcomes are understudied. The lack in well-designed EEG-neurofeedback studies despite decades of investigation impedes conclusions about its efficacy. Studies investigating fMRI neurofeedback are new and show initial promising effects on craving, but future trials are needed to investigate long-term and behavioral effects. Case studies report prolonged abstinence of opioids or alcohol with ventral striatal DBS but difficulties with patient inclusion may hinder larger, controlled trials. DBS in neuropsychiatric patients modulates brain circuits involved in reward processing, extinction and negative-reinforcement that are also relevant for addiction. To establish the potential of neuromodulation for addiction, more randomized controlled trials are needed that also investigate treatment duration required for long-term abstinence and potential synergy with other addiction interventions. Finally, future advancement may be expected from tailoring neuromodulation techniques to specific patient (neurocognitive) profiles.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58785356,"asset_id":38702155,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6110834,"first_name":"judy","last_name":"luigjes","domain_name":"academicmedicalcentreuniversiteitvanamsterdam","page_name":"judyluigjes","display_name":"judy luigjes","profile_url":"https://academicmedicalcentreuniversiteitvanamsterdam.academia.edu/judyluigjes?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6110834/24946157/23767103/s65_judy.luigjes.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2483,"name":"Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":42361,"name":"TMS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/TMS?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":55116,"name":"therapy for Substance dependence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/therapy_for_Substance_dependence?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":672564,"name":"DBS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DBS?f_ri=2584"},{"id":2195013,"name":"Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcranial_direct_current_stimulation_tDCS_?f_ri=2584"},{"id":3074924,"name":"EEG Neurofeedback","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/EEG_Neurofeedback?f_ri=2584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_75252659" data-work_id="75252659" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/75252659/Electroacupuncture_via_Chronically_Implanted_Electrodes_Potential_Treatment_for_Chemotherapy_Induced_Delayed_Emesis">Electroacupuncture via Chronically Implanted Electrodes: Potential Treatment for Chemotherapy-Induced Delayed Emesis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We proposed a novel method of chronic electroacupuncture (EA) using implanted electrodes for the treatment of chronic chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). We aimed to establish a rodent model of delayed emesis and explore EA... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_75252659" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We proposed a novel method of chronic electroacupuncture (EA) using implanted electrodes for the treatment of chronic chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). We aimed to establish a rodent model of delayed emesis and explore EA effects on kaolin intake. Saline-treated and cisplatin-treated rats underwent chronic placement of electrodes at bilateral PC6 and ST36 acupoints. Tested EA parameters included sham EA; EA at frequency of 10, 20, or 40 Hz; duration of one, three, or six hours; pulse width of 0.3, 0.6, or 1.2 msec; and amplitude of 0.4-2.0 mA. Kaolin intake was measured following each treatment. 1) Cisplatin increased kaolin intake (p ≤ 0.01 vs. saline). 2) In terms of reduction of kaolin intake vs. sham EA: a) EA at a frequency of 10 Hz was effective only when given for three hours (p = 0.0004). b) EA at a frequency of 20 Hz was effective when given for either one or three hours, with three hours being most effective (p = 0.007 and 0.005, respectively). c) EA at a fr...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/75252659" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="191638184" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HanaaSallam1">Hanaa Sallam</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="191638184" type="text/json">{"id":191638184,"first_name":"Hanaa","last_name":"Sallam","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HanaaSallam1","display_name":"Hanaa Sallam","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HanaaSallam1?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/191638184/54609123/42761155/s65_hanaa.sallam.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_75252659 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="75252659"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75252659, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_75252659", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_75252659 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75252659; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_75252659"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_75252659 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75252659"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75252659; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75252659]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_75252659").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_75252659").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="75252659"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation">Neuromodulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2584" type="text/json">{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="244814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences">Clinical Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="244814" type="text/json">{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=75252659]'), work: {"id":75252659,"title":"Electroacupuncture via Chronically Implanted Electrodes: Potential Treatment for Chemotherapy-Induced Delayed Emesis","created_at":"2022-04-02T12:24:17.442-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/75252659/Electroacupuncture_via_Chronically_Implanted_Electrodes_Potential_Treatment_for_Chemotherapy_Induced_Delayed_Emesis?f_ri=2584","dom_id":"work_75252659","summary":"We proposed a novel method of chronic electroacupuncture (EA) using implanted electrodes for the treatment of chronic chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). We aimed to establish a rodent model of delayed emesis and explore EA effects on kaolin intake. Saline-treated and cisplatin-treated rats underwent chronic placement of electrodes at bilateral PC6 and ST36 acupoints. Tested EA parameters included sham EA; EA at frequency of 10, 20, or 40 Hz; duration of one, three, or six hours; pulse width of 0.3, 0.6, or 1.2 msec; and amplitude of 0.4-2.0 mA. Kaolin intake was measured following each treatment. 1) Cisplatin increased kaolin intake (p ≤ 0.01 vs. saline). 2) In terms of reduction of kaolin intake vs. sham EA: a) EA at a frequency of 10 Hz was effective only when given for three hours (p = 0.0004). b) EA at a frequency of 20 Hz was effective when given for either one or three hours, with three hours being most effective (p = 0.007 and 0.005, respectively). c) EA at a fr...","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":191638184,"first_name":"Hanaa","last_name":"Sallam","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HanaaSallam1","display_name":"Hanaa Sallam","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HanaaSallam1?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/191638184/54609123/42761155/s65_hanaa.sallam.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":276781,"name":"Cisplatin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cisplatin?f_ri=2584"},{"id":277523,"name":"Electroacupuncture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electroacupuncture?f_ri=2584"},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats?f_ri=2584"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=2584"},{"id":1212103,"name":"Antineoplastic Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antineoplastic_Agents?f_ri=2584"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2584"},{"id":1279078,"name":"Vomiting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vomiting?f_ri=2584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1492100" data-work_id="1492100" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1492100/Dreaming_and_the_brain_Toward_a_cognitive_neuroscience_of_conscious_states">Dreaming and the brain: Toward a cognitive neuroscience of conscious states</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Sleep researchers in different disciplines disagree about how fully dreaming can be explained in terms of brain physiology. Debate has focused on whether REM sleep dreaming is qualitatively different from nonREM (NREM) sleep and waking. A... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1492100" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Sleep researchers in different disciplines disagree about how fully dreaming can be explained in terms of brain physiology. Debate has focused on whether REM sleep dreaming is qualitatively different from nonREM (NREM) sleep and waking. A review of psychophysiological studies shows clear quantitative differences between REM and NREM mentation and between REM and waking mentation. Recent neuroimaging and neurophysiological studies also differentiate REM, NREM, and waking in features with phenomenological implications. Both evidence and theory suggest that there are isomorphisms between the phenomenology and the physiology of dreams. We present a three-dimensional model with specific examples from normally and abnormally changing conscious states.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1492100" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dd6c9db71bc361df516ccea11a71b410" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":11686918,"asset_id":1492100,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/11686918/download_file?st=MTczNzI4NDc3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1399798" href="https://unisi.academia.edu/lorenzopieraccini">lorenzo pieraccini</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1399798" type="text/json">{"id":1399798,"first_name":"lorenzo","last_name":"pieraccini","domain_name":"unisi","page_name":"lorenzopieraccini","display_name":"lorenzo pieraccini","profile_url":"https://unisi.academia.edu/lorenzopieraccini?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1399798/2439244/2836032/s65_lorenzo.pieraccini.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1492100 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1492100"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1492100, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1492100", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1492100 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1492100; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1492100"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1492100 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1492100"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1492100; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1492100]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1492100").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1492100").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1492100"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1026" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychophysiology">Psychophysiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1026" type="text/json">{"id":1026,"name":"Psychophysiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychophysiology?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation">Neuromodulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2584" type="text/json">{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1492100]'), work: {"id":1492100,"title":"Dreaming and the brain: Toward a cognitive neuroscience of conscious states","created_at":"2012-03-29T23:30:55.263-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1492100/Dreaming_and_the_brain_Toward_a_cognitive_neuroscience_of_conscious_states?f_ri=2584","dom_id":"work_1492100","summary":"Sleep researchers in different disciplines disagree about how fully dreaming can be explained in terms of brain physiology. Debate has focused on whether REM sleep dreaming is qualitatively different from nonREM (NREM) sleep and waking. A review of psychophysiological studies shows clear quantitative differences between REM and NREM mentation and between REM and waking mentation. Recent neuroimaging and neurophysiological studies also differentiate REM, NREM, and waking in features with phenomenological implications. Both evidence and theory suggest that there are isomorphisms between the phenomenology and the physiology of dreams. We present a three-dimensional model with specific examples from normally and abnormally changing conscious states.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":11686918,"asset_id":1492100,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1399798,"first_name":"lorenzo","last_name":"pieraccini","domain_name":"unisi","page_name":"lorenzopieraccini","display_name":"lorenzo pieraccini","profile_url":"https://unisi.academia.edu/lorenzopieraccini?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1399798/2439244/2836032/s65_lorenzo.pieraccini.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":1026,"name":"Psychophysiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychophysiology?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=2584"},{"id":5178,"name":"Phenomenology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenomenology?f_ri=2584"},{"id":9040,"name":"Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness?f_ri=2584"},{"id":21548,"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Neuroscience?f_ri=2584"},{"id":25422,"name":"Dreams","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dreams?f_ri=2584"},{"id":31553,"name":"Qualia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qualia?f_ri=2584"},{"id":52176,"name":"Brain Mapping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Mapping?f_ri=2584"},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=2584"},{"id":133324,"name":"Sleep","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sleep?f_ri=2584"},{"id":294768,"name":"Wakefulness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wakefulness?f_ri=2584"},{"id":504035,"name":"Three Dimensional","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Three_Dimensional?f_ri=2584"},{"id":592786,"name":"Rem Sleep","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rem_Sleep?f_ri=2584"},{"id":830938,"name":"Rem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rem?f_ri=2584"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2584"},{"id":1772810,"name":"Sleep Stages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sleep_Stages?f_ri=2584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31398231" data-work_id="31398231" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31398231/Targeting_interhemispheric_inhibition_with_neuromodulation_to_enhance_stroke_rehabilitation">Targeting interhemispheric inhibition with neuromodulation to enhance stroke rehabilitation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background/Objectives: Interhemispheric inhibition in the brain plays a dynamic role in the production of voluntary unimanual actions. In stroke, the interhemispheric imbalance model predicts the presence of asymmetry in interhemispheric... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31398231" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background/Objectives: Interhemispheric inhibition in the brain plays a dynamic role in the production of voluntary unimanual actions. In stroke, the interhemispheric imbalance model predicts the presence of asymmetry in interhemispheric inhibition, with excessive inhibition from the contralesional hemisphere limiting maximal recovery. Stimulation methods to reduce this asymmetry in the brain may be promising as a stroke therapy, however determining how to best measure and modulate interhemispheric inhibition and who is likely to benefit, remain important questions. Methods: This review addresses current understanding of interhemispheric inhibition in the healthy and stroke lesioned brain. We present a review of studies that have measured interhemispheric inhibition using different paradigms in the clinic, as well as results from recent animal studies investigating stimulation methods to target abnormal inhibition after stroke. Main findings/Discussion: The degree to which asymmetric interhemispheric inhibition impacts on stroke recovery is controversial, and we consider sources of variation between studies which may contribute to this debate. We suggest that interhemispheric inhibition is not static following stroke in terms of the movement phase in which it is aberrantly engaged. Instead it may be dynamically increased onto per-ilesional areas during early movement, thus impairing motor initiation. Hence, its effect on stroke recovery may differ between studies depending on the technique and movement phase of eliciting the measurement. Finally, we propose how modulating excitability in the brain through more specific targeting of neural elements underlying interhemispheric inhibition via stimulation type, location and intensity may raise the ceiling of recovery following stroke and enhance functional return.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31398231" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="25ad22ae504f85d06c9108de576ea117" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51769117,"asset_id":31398231,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51769117/download_file?st=MTczNzI4NDc3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33213095" href="https://otago.academia.edu/LauraBoddington">Laura Boddington</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33213095" type="text/json">{"id":33213095,"first_name":"Laura","last_name":"Boddington","domain_name":"otago","page_name":"LauraBoddington","display_name":"Laura Boddington","profile_url":"https://otago.academia.edu/LauraBoddington?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33213095/10611114/11844194/s65_laura.boddington.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31398231 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31398231"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31398231, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31398231", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_31398231 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31398231; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_31398231"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_31398231 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31398231"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31398231; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31398231]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31398231").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31398231").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31398231"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation">Neuromodulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2584" type="text/json">{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="61234" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stroke">Stroke</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="61234" type="text/json">{"id":61234,"name":"Stroke","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stroke?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="318293" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Stimulation">Brain Stimulation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="318293" type="text/json">{"id":318293,"name":"Brain Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Stimulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31398231]'), work: {"id":31398231,"title":"Targeting interhemispheric inhibition with neuromodulation to enhance stroke rehabilitation","created_at":"2017-02-12T21:20:50.184-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31398231/Targeting_interhemispheric_inhibition_with_neuromodulation_to_enhance_stroke_rehabilitation?f_ri=2584","dom_id":"work_31398231","summary":"Background/Objectives: Interhemispheric inhibition in the brain plays a dynamic role in the production of voluntary unimanual actions. In stroke, the interhemispheric imbalance model predicts the presence of asymmetry in interhemispheric inhibition, with excessive inhibition from the contralesional hemisphere limiting maximal recovery. Stimulation methods to reduce this asymmetry in the brain may be promising as a stroke therapy, however determining how to best measure and modulate interhemispheric inhibition and who is likely to benefit, remain important questions. Methods: This review addresses current understanding of interhemispheric inhibition in the healthy and stroke lesioned brain. We present a review of studies that have measured interhemispheric inhibition using different paradigms in the clinic, as well as results from recent animal studies investigating stimulation methods to target abnormal inhibition after stroke. Main findings/Discussion: The degree to which asymmetric interhemispheric inhibition impacts on stroke recovery is controversial, and we consider sources of variation between studies which may contribute to this debate. We suggest that interhemispheric inhibition is not static following stroke in terms of the movement phase in which it is aberrantly engaged. Instead it may be dynamically increased onto per-ilesional areas during early movement, thus impairing motor initiation. Hence, its effect on stroke recovery may differ between studies depending on the technique and movement phase of eliciting the measurement. Finally, we propose how modulating excitability in the brain through more specific targeting of neural elements underlying interhemispheric inhibition via stimulation type, location and intensity may raise the ceiling of recovery following stroke and enhance functional return.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51769117,"asset_id":31398231,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33213095,"first_name":"Laura","last_name":"Boddington","domain_name":"otago","page_name":"LauraBoddington","display_name":"Laura Boddington","profile_url":"https://otago.academia.edu/LauraBoddington?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33213095/10611114/11844194/s65_laura.boddington.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":61234,"name":"Stroke","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stroke?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":318293,"name":"Brain Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Stimulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19359423" data-work_id="19359423" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19359423/Noninvasive_brain_stimulation_for_addiction_medicine_From_monitoring_to_modulation">Noninvasive brain stimulation for addiction medicine: From monitoring to modulation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Addiction is a chronic relapsing brain disease with significant economical and medical burden on the societies but with limited effectiveness in the available treatment options. Better understanding of the chemical, neuronal, regional,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19359423" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Addiction is a chronic relapsing brain disease with significant economical and medical burden<br />on the societies but with limited effectiveness in the available treatment options. Better understanding<br />of the chemical, neuronal, regional, and network alterations of the brain due to drug<br />abuse can ultimately lead to tailoring individualized and more effective interventions. To this<br />end, employing new assessment and intervention procedures seems crucial. Noninvasive brain<br />stimulation (NIBS) techniques including transcranial electrical and magnetic stimulations<br />(tES and TMS) have provided promising opportunities for the addiction medicine in two main<br />domains: (1) providing new insights into neurochemical and neural circuit changes in the human<br />brain cortex and (2) understanding the role of different brain regions by using NIBS and<br />modulating cognitive functions, such as drug craving, risky decision making, inhibitory control<br />and executive functions to obtain specific treatment outcomes. In spite of preliminary positive<br />results, there are several open questions, which need to be addressed before routine<br />clinical utilization of NIBS techniques in addiction to medicine, such as how to account<br />for interindividual differences, define optimal cognitive and neural targets, optimize stimulation<br />protocols, and integrate NIBS with other therapeutic methods. Therefore, in this chapter<br />we revise the available literature on the use of NIBS (TMS and tES) in the diagnostic, prognostic,<br />and therapeutic aspects of the addiction medicine.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19359423" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="28ab9c7c625cd006477cb4fa6be16494" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40576933,"asset_id":19359423,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40576933/download_file?st=MTczNzI4NDc3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="134291" href="https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/SandraCarvalho">Sandra Carvalho</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="134291" type="text/json">{"id":134291,"first_name":"Sandra","last_name":"Carvalho","domain_name":"hms-harvard","page_name":"SandraCarvalho","display_name":"Sandra Carvalho","profile_url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/SandraCarvalho?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/134291/35677/8292082/s65_sandra.carvalho.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19359423 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19359423"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19359423, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19359423", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_19359423 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19359423; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_19359423"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_19359423 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19359423"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19359423; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19359423]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19359423").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19359423").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19359423"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="636" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Medicine">Addiction Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="636" type="text/json">{"id":636,"name":"Addiction Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Medicine?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation">Neuromodulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2584" type="text/json">{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="42361" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/TMS">TMS</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="42361" type="text/json">{"id":42361,"name":"TMS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/TMS?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="112633" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Behaviour">Addiction Behaviour</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="112633" type="text/json">{"id":112633,"name":"Addiction Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Behaviour?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19359423]'), work: {"id":19359423,"title":"Noninvasive brain stimulation for addiction medicine: From monitoring to modulation","created_at":"2015-12-02T08:06:35.807-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19359423/Noninvasive_brain_stimulation_for_addiction_medicine_From_monitoring_to_modulation?f_ri=2584","dom_id":"work_19359423","summary":"Addiction is a chronic relapsing brain disease with significant economical and medical burden\non the societies but with limited effectiveness in the available treatment options. Better understanding\nof the chemical, neuronal, regional, and network alterations of the brain due to drug\nabuse can ultimately lead to tailoring individualized and more effective interventions. To this\nend, employing new assessment and intervention procedures seems crucial. Noninvasive brain\nstimulation (NIBS) techniques including transcranial electrical and magnetic stimulations\n(tES and TMS) have provided promising opportunities for the addiction medicine in two main\ndomains: (1) providing new insights into neurochemical and neural circuit changes in the human\nbrain cortex and (2) understanding the role of different brain regions by using NIBS and\nmodulating cognitive functions, such as drug craving, risky decision making, inhibitory control\nand executive functions to obtain specific treatment outcomes. In spite of preliminary positive\nresults, there are several open questions, which need to be addressed before routine\nclinical utilization of NIBS techniques in addiction to medicine, such as how to account\nfor interindividual differences, define optimal cognitive and neural targets, optimize stimulation\nprotocols, and integrate NIBS with other therapeutic methods. Therefore, in this chapter\nwe revise the available literature on the use of NIBS (TMS and tES) in the diagnostic, prognostic,\nand therapeutic aspects of the addiction medicine.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40576933,"asset_id":19359423,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":134291,"first_name":"Sandra","last_name":"Carvalho","domain_name":"hms-harvard","page_name":"SandraCarvalho","display_name":"Sandra Carvalho","profile_url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/SandraCarvalho?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/134291/35677/8292082/s65_sandra.carvalho.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":636,"name":"Addiction Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Medicine?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":42361,"name":"TMS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/TMS?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":112633,"name":"Addiction Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction_Behaviour?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":2195013,"name":"Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcranial_direct_current_stimulation_tDCS_?f_ri=2584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39521261" data-work_id="39521261" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39521261/Transcranial_magnetic_stimulation_of_the_medial_prefrontal_cortex_for_psychiatric_disorders_a_systematic_review">Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the medial prefrontal cortex for psychiatric disorders: a systematic review</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objective: The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a highly connected cortical region that acts as a hub in major large-scale brain networks. Its dysfunction is associated with a number of psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39521261" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objective: The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a highly connected cortical region that acts as a hub in major large-scale brain networks. Its dysfunction is associated with a number of psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, autism, depression, substance use disorder (SUD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and anxiety disorders. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) studies targeting the mPFC indicate that it may be a useful therapeutic resource in psychiatry due to its selective modulation of this area and connected regions. Methods: This review examines six mPFC rTMS trials selected from 697 initial search results. We discuss the main results, technical and methodological details, safety, tolerability, and localization strategies. Results: Six different protocols were identified, including inhibitory (1 Hz) and excitatory (5, 10, and 20 Hz) frequencies applied therapeutically to patient populations diagnosed with major depressive disorder, OCD, autistic spectrum disorder, SUD, specific phobia, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In the OCD and acrophobia trials, rTMS significantly reduced symptoms compared to placebo. Conclusion: These protocols were considered safe and add interesting new evidence to the growing body of mPFC rTMS literature. However, the small number and low methodological quality of the studies indicate the need for further research.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39521261" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2285ba1d591c62198cd32fbee6e49545" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59670740,"asset_id":39521261,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59670740/download_file?st=MTczNzI4NDc3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8432657" href="https://ufpe.academia.edu/RodrigoMarques">Rodrigo C . Marques</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8432657" type="text/json">{"id":8432657,"first_name":"Rodrigo","last_name":"Marques","domain_name":"ufpe","page_name":"RodrigoMarques","display_name":"Rodrigo C . Marques","profile_url":"https://ufpe.academia.edu/RodrigoMarques?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8432657/8143639/32893706/s65_rodrigo.marques.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39521261 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39521261"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39521261, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39521261", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_39521261 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39521261; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_39521261"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_39521261 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="39521261"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39521261; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39521261]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39521261").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39521261").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39521261"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="635" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatry">Psychiatry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="635" type="text/json">{"id":635,"name":"Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatry?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation">Neuromodulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2584" type="text/json">{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3217" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression">Depression</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3217" type="text/json">{"id":3217,"name":"Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28576" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prefrontal_Cortex">Prefrontal Cortex</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28576" type="text/json">{"id":28576,"name":"Prefrontal Cortex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prefrontal_Cortex?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39521261]'), work: {"id":39521261,"title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the medial prefrontal cortex for psychiatric disorders: a systematic review","created_at":"2019-06-11T14:03:05.512-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39521261/Transcranial_magnetic_stimulation_of_the_medial_prefrontal_cortex_for_psychiatric_disorders_a_systematic_review?f_ri=2584","dom_id":"work_39521261","summary":"Objective: The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a highly connected cortical region that acts as a hub in major large-scale brain networks. Its dysfunction is associated with a number of psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, autism, depression, substance use disorder (SUD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and anxiety disorders. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) studies targeting the mPFC indicate that it may be a useful therapeutic resource in psychiatry due to its selective modulation of this area and connected regions. Methods: This review examines six mPFC rTMS trials selected from 697 initial search results. We discuss the main results, technical and methodological details, safety, tolerability, and localization strategies. Results: Six different protocols were identified, including inhibitory (1 Hz) and excitatory (5, 10, and 20 Hz) frequencies applied therapeutically to patient populations diagnosed with major depressive disorder, OCD, autistic spectrum disorder, SUD, specific phobia, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In the OCD and acrophobia trials, rTMS significantly reduced symptoms compared to placebo. Conclusion: These protocols were considered safe and add interesting new evidence to the growing body of mPFC rTMS literature. However, the small number and low methodological quality of the studies indicate the need for further research.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59670740,"asset_id":39521261,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8432657,"first_name":"Rodrigo","last_name":"Marques","domain_name":"ufpe","page_name":"RodrigoMarques","display_name":"Rodrigo C . Marques","profile_url":"https://ufpe.academia.edu/RodrigoMarques?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8432657/8143639/32893706/s65_rodrigo.marques.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":635,"name":"Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatry?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":3217,"name":"Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":28576,"name":"Prefrontal Cortex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prefrontal_Cortex?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":31959,"name":"Non Invasive Brain Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non_Invasive_Brain_Stimulation?f_ri=2584"},{"id":42361,"name":"TMS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/TMS?f_ri=2584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28792250" data-work_id="28792250" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28792250/EEG_neurofeedback_for_optimising_performance_I_A_review_of_cognitive_and_affective_outcome_in_healthy_participants">EEG-neurofeedback for optimising performance. I: A review of cognitive and affective outcome in healthy participants</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28792250" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b10925a20d45e7c54655c8ed78d825d5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49210097,"asset_id":28792250,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49210097/download_file?st=MTczNzI4NDc3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="18201859" href="https://goldsmiths.academia.edu/Johngruzelier">John gruzelier</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="18201859" type="text/json">{"id":18201859,"first_name":"John","last_name":"gruzelier","domain_name":"goldsmiths","page_name":"Johngruzelier","display_name":"John gruzelier","profile_url":"https://goldsmiths.academia.edu/Johngruzelier?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28792250 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28792250"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28792250, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28792250", }); 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Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non_Invasive_Brain_Stimulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":277522,"name":"Electrical Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrical_Stimulation?f_ri=2584"},{"id":1279521,"name":"Transcranial Electrical Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcranial_Electrical_Stimulation?f_ri=2584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25306801 coauthored" data-work_id="25306801" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25306801/Factors_Affecting_Impedance_of_Percutaneous_Leads_in_Spinal_Cord_Stimulation">Factors Affecting Impedance of Percutaneous Leads in Spinal Cord Stimulation</a></div></div><div 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Bradley","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KerryBradley2?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":48869944,"first_name":"Ljubomir","last_name":"Manola","domain_name":"bostonscientific","page_name":"LjubomirManola","display_name":"Ljubomir Manola","profile_url":"https://bostonscientific.academia.edu/LjubomirManola?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":4479,"name":"Chronic Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":142716,"name":"Electrical Impedance Tomography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrical_Impedance_Tomography?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":199316,"name":"Multiple Linear Regression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiple_Linear_Regression?f_ri=2584"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2584"},{"id":291387,"name":"Mathematical Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Model?f_ri=2584"},{"id":452692,"name":"Finite Difference","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finite_Difference?f_ri=2584"},{"id":473907,"name":"Spinal Cord Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinal_Cord_Stimulation?f_ri=2584"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37156080" data-work_id="37156080" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37156080/tDCS_Modulatory_Effect_on_Reading_Processes_A_Review_of_Studies_on_Typical_Readers_and_Individuals_With_Dyslexia">tDCS Modulatory Effect on Reading Processes: A Review of Studies on Typical Readers and Individuals With Dyslexia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The possibility to use non-invasive brain stimulation to modulate reading performance in individuals with developmental dyslexia (DD) has been recently explored by few empirical investigations. The present systematic review includes nine... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37156080" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The possibility to use non-invasive brain stimulation to modulate reading performance in individuals with developmental dyslexia (DD) has been recently explored by few empirical investigations. The present systematic review includes nine studies which have employed transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) aiming at improving reading abilities in both typical readers and individuals with DD. Anodal tDCS over the left temporo-parietal cortex—a region which is typically involved in phonological and orthographic processing during reading tasks and underactive in individuals with DD—was the most frequently used montage. The majority of studies employing such stimulation protocol showed significant improvement in differential reading subprocesses. More precisely, word decoding was improved in adult readers, whereas non-word and low-frequency word reading in younger individuals. Furthermore, tDCS was found to be specifically effective in poor readers and individuals with DD rather than typical readers, in spite of the specific brain region targeted by the stimulation; Left frontal, left temporo-parietal, and right cerebellar tDCS failed to modulate reading in already proficient readers. Overall, tDCS appears to be a promising remedial tool for reading difficulties, even when applied to younger populations with reading problems. Further empirical evidence is needed to confirm the potential of neuromodulation as a successful intervention method for DD.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37156080" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="879b19e3b0682ae2c3e2fac7a7adb7ee" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57106484,"asset_id":37156080,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57106484/download_file?st=MTczNzI4NDc3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42583455" href="https://unicatt.academia.edu/AliceCancer">Alice Cancer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42583455" type="text/json">{"id":42583455,"first_name":"Alice","last_name":"Cancer","domain_name":"unicatt","page_name":"AliceCancer","display_name":"Alice Cancer","profile_url":"https://unicatt.academia.edu/AliceCancer?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42583455/11459225/12781260/s65_alice.cancer.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37156080 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37156080"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37156080, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37156080", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37156080]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37156080").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37156080").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37156080"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation">Neuromodulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2584" type="text/json">{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25052" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dyslexia">Dyslexia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25052" type="text/json">{"id":25052,"name":"Dyslexia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dyslexia?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="208345" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adult_dyslexia">Adult dyslexia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="208345" type="text/json">{"id":208345,"name":"Adult dyslexia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adult_dyslexia?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2195013" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcranial_direct_current_stimulation_tDCS_">Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2195013" type="text/json">{"id":2195013,"name":"Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcranial_direct_current_stimulation_tDCS_?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37156080]'), work: {"id":37156080,"title":"tDCS Modulatory Effect on Reading Processes: A Review of Studies on Typical Readers and Individuals With Dyslexia","created_at":"2018-07-31T05:13:09.622-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37156080/tDCS_Modulatory_Effect_on_Reading_Processes_A_Review_of_Studies_on_Typical_Readers_and_Individuals_With_Dyslexia?f_ri=2584","dom_id":"work_37156080","summary":"The possibility to use non-invasive brain stimulation to modulate reading performance in individuals with developmental dyslexia (DD) has been recently explored by few empirical investigations. The present systematic review includes nine studies which have employed transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) aiming at improving reading abilities in both typical readers and individuals with DD. Anodal tDCS over the left temporo-parietal cortex—a region which is typically involved in phonological and orthographic processing during reading tasks and underactive in individuals with DD—was the most frequently used montage. The majority of studies employing such stimulation protocol showed significant improvement in differential reading subprocesses. More precisely, word decoding was improved in adult readers, whereas non-word and low-frequency word reading in younger individuals. Furthermore, tDCS was found to be specifically effective in poor readers and individuals with DD rather than typical readers, in spite of the specific brain region targeted by the stimulation; Left frontal, left temporo-parietal, and right cerebellar tDCS failed to modulate reading in already proficient readers. Overall, tDCS appears to be a promising remedial tool for reading difficulties, even when applied to younger populations with reading problems. Further empirical evidence is needed to confirm the potential of neuromodulation as a successful intervention method for DD.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57106484,"asset_id":37156080,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42583455,"first_name":"Alice","last_name":"Cancer","domain_name":"unicatt","page_name":"AliceCancer","display_name":"Alice Cancer","profile_url":"https://unicatt.academia.edu/AliceCancer?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42583455/11459225/12781260/s65_alice.cancer.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":25052,"name":"Dyslexia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dyslexia?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":208345,"name":"Adult dyslexia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adult_dyslexia?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":2195013,"name":"Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcranial_direct_current_stimulation_tDCS_?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26721456" data-work_id="26721456" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26721456/Fundamentos_y_aplicaciones_cl%C3%ADnicas_de_la_estimulaci%C3%B3n_magn%C3%A9tica_transcraneal_en_neuropsiquiatr%C3%ADa">Fundamentos y aplicaciones clínicas de la estimulación magnética transcraneal en neuropsiquiatría</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26721456" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0ad72d44be7611f820f4c044a08be05b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47001809,"asset_id":26721456,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47001809/download_file?st=MTczNzI4NDc3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="50715727" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SandraGasparCarrillo">Sandra Gaspar-Carrillo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="50715727" type="text/json">{"id":50715727,"first_name":"Sandra","last_name":"Gaspar-Carrillo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SandraGasparCarrillo","display_name":"Sandra Gaspar-Carrillo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SandraGasparCarrillo?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26721456 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26721456"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26721456, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26721456", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_26721456 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26721456; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_26721456"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_26721456 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26721456"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26721456; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26721456]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26721456").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26721456").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26721456"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation">Neuromodulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2584" type="text/json">{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="194177" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cortical_Plasticity">Cortical Plasticity</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="194177" type="text/json">{"id":194177,"name":"Cortical Plasticity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cortical_Plasticity?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26721456]'), work: {"id":26721456,"title":"Fundamentos y aplicaciones clínicas de la estimulación magnética transcraneal en neuropsiquiatría","created_at":"2016-07-04T07:02:41.969-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26721456/Fundamentos_y_aplicaciones_cl%C3%ADnicas_de_la_estimulaci%C3%B3n_magn%C3%A9tica_transcraneal_en_neuropsiquiatr%C3%ADa?f_ri=2584","dom_id":"work_26721456","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47001809,"asset_id":26721456,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":50715727,"first_name":"Sandra","last_name":"Gaspar-Carrillo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SandraGasparCarrillo","display_name":"Sandra Gaspar-Carrillo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SandraGasparCarrillo?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":194177,"name":"Cortical Plasticity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cortical_Plasticity?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38652456" data-work_id="38652456" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/38652456/Neuromodulation_and_Non_Pharmacological_Treatment_of_Migraine">Neuromodulation and Non-Pharmacological Treatment of Migraine</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Migraine is a chronic brain disorder that is believed to be due to dysfunction of the brain and brainstem that result in dysmodulation of sensory processing of the head and vascular tone. The exact pathomechanism of migraine is not known... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38652456" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Migraine is a chronic brain disorder that is believed to be due to dysfunction of the brain and brainstem that result in dysmodulation of sensory processing of the head and vascular tone. The exact pathomechanism of migraine is not known but some genes including mutations in the sodium and calcium channels and Na + /K + pump have been implicated in migraine with aura. 1-8 Several drugs are currently used in the acute and preventive treatment of migraine. These include the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the triptan family, anti-epileptic drugs, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, steroids, and recently antibodies against calci-tonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or its receptor among other drugs. 5,9 Some other drugs are under investigation and the CGRP receptor antagonists (the gepant family drugs), were discontinued although other drugs in this category are still under investigation. 10-16 However, there are some medically intractable headaches or unsatisfactory patient management or medications are poorly tolerated, therefore, additional treatment options might be helpful. A number of nonpharmacological methods such as education, reassurance, avoiding the triggers of migraine, and physical and/or complementary medicine when appropriate, have also been recommended in the treatment of migraine and other headaches. 17,18 Dietary modifications and lifestyle changes have also been suggested. 19 Other methods such as physical therapy with relaxation and thermal biofeedback have also been used in the treatment of migraine. 20,21 A recent meta-analysis of biofeedback in treatment of pediatric migraine shows some effectiveness but more research is needed. 22 A recent pilot randomized controlled trial shows that frontal electromyography bio-feedback added to traditional pharmacological therapy is promising in the prophylactic treatment of medication overuse headache by reducing the frequency of headache and analgesic intake. 23 Other nonpharmacological approaches such as behavioral, and body/mind treatment of headache were reported to be effective 24 and an 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction method by meditation in adult migraine patients shows some beneficial effects 25 although more studies are needed. Other methods such as massage therapy of the neck and upper thoracic region 26-28 or acupuncture studies have shown some efficacy in the treatment of chronic headache 29-31 but more research is necessary. 32 The nonpharmacological treatment options of migraine warrants a review paper by itself to understand current opinion in this area. However, our focus in this issue will be on neuromodulation by electrical stimulation of peripheral and central nerves/neurons that are currently being used in clinical studies for the acute and preventive treatment of migraine. 33 Currently, electrical stimulation of various nerves is being used through a number of</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38652456" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="460929300b3bc0974622e1ae3a7d3638" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58731300,"asset_id":38652456,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58731300/download_file?st=MTczNzI4NDc3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="79150488" rel="nofollow" href="https://independent.academia.edu/OJN">Neuro – Open Journal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="79150488" type="text/json">{"id":79150488,"first_name":"Neuro","last_name":"– Open Journal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OJN","display_name":"Neuro – Open Journal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OJN?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/79150488/19352736/103382641/s65_n.oj.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38652456 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38652456"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38652456, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38652456", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38652456 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38652456; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38652456"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38652456 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38652456"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38652456; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38652456]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38652456").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38652456").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38652456"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation">Neuromodulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2584" type="text/json">{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62945" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drugs">Drugs</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="62945" type="text/json">{"id":62945,"name":"Drugs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drugs?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="103107" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migraine">Migraine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="103107" type="text/json">{"id":103107,"name":"Migraine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migraine?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38652456]'), work: {"id":38652456,"title":"Neuromodulation and Non-Pharmacological Treatment of Migraine","created_at":"2019-03-28T03:35:06.237-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38652456/Neuromodulation_and_Non_Pharmacological_Treatment_of_Migraine?f_ri=2584","dom_id":"work_38652456","summary":"Migraine is a chronic brain disorder that is believed to be due to dysfunction of the brain and brainstem that result in dysmodulation of sensory processing of the head and vascular tone. The exact pathomechanism of migraine is not known but some genes including mutations in the sodium and calcium channels and Na + /K + pump have been implicated in migraine with aura. 1-8 Several drugs are currently used in the acute and preventive treatment of migraine. These include the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the triptan family, anti-epileptic drugs, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, steroids, and recently antibodies against calci-tonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or its receptor among other drugs. 5,9 Some other drugs are under investigation and the CGRP receptor antagonists (the gepant family drugs), were discontinued although other drugs in this category are still under investigation. 10-16 However, there are some medically intractable headaches or unsatisfactory patient management or medications are poorly tolerated, therefore, additional treatment options might be helpful. A number of nonpharmacological methods such as education, reassurance, avoiding the triggers of migraine, and physical and/or complementary medicine when appropriate, have also been recommended in the treatment of migraine and other headaches. 17,18 Dietary modifications and lifestyle changes have also been suggested. 19 Other methods such as physical therapy with relaxation and thermal biofeedback have also been used in the treatment of migraine. 20,21 A recent meta-analysis of biofeedback in treatment of pediatric migraine shows some effectiveness but more research is needed. 22 A recent pilot randomized controlled trial shows that frontal electromyography bio-feedback added to traditional pharmacological therapy is promising in the prophylactic treatment of medication overuse headache by reducing the frequency of headache and analgesic intake. 23 Other nonpharmacological approaches such as behavioral, and body/mind treatment of headache were reported to be effective 24 and an 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction method by meditation in adult migraine patients shows some beneficial effects 25 although more studies are needed. Other methods such as massage therapy of the neck and upper thoracic region 26-28 or acupuncture studies have shown some efficacy in the treatment of chronic headache 29-31 but more research is necessary. 32 The nonpharmacological treatment options of migraine warrants a review paper by itself to understand current opinion in this area. However, our focus in this issue will be on neuromodulation by electrical stimulation of peripheral and central nerves/neurons that are currently being used in clinical studies for the acute and preventive treatment of migraine. 33 Currently, electrical stimulation of various nerves is being used through a number of","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58731300,"asset_id":38652456,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":79150488,"first_name":"Neuro","last_name":"– Open Journal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OJN","display_name":"Neuro – Open Journal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OJN?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/79150488/19352736/103382641/s65_n.oj.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":62945,"name":"Drugs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drugs?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":103107,"name":"Migraine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migraine?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30021523" data-work_id="30021523" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30021523/Vagus_nerve_stimulation_for_the_treatment_of_depression_and_other_neuropsychiatric_disorders">Vagus nerve stimulation for the treatment of depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Vagus nerve stimulation is an interesting new approach to treating neuropsychiatric diseases within the class of brain-stimulation devices sometimes labeled 'neuromodulators'. With vagus nerve stimulation, a battery-powered generator... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30021523" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Vagus nerve stimulation is an interesting new approach to treating neuropsychiatric diseases within the class of brain-stimulation devices sometimes labeled 'neuromodulators'. With vagus nerve stimulation, a battery-powered generator implanted in the chest wall connects to a wire wrapped around the vagus nerve in the neck, and sends intermittent pulses of electricity along the nerve directly into the brain. This mechanism takes advantage of the natural role of the vagus nerve in conveying information into the brain concerning homeostatic information (e.g., hunger, chest pain and respirations). Vagus nerve stimulation therapy is US FDA approved for the adjunctive treatment of epilepsy and has recently been FDA approved for the treatment of medication-resistant depression. Owing to its novel route into the brain, it has no drug-drug interactions or systemic side effects. This treatment also appears to have high long-term tolerability in patients, with low rates of patients relapsing on vagus nerve stimulation or becoming tolerant. However, alongside the excitement and enthusiasm for this new treatment, a lack of Class I evidence of efficacy in treating depression is currently slowing down adoption by psychiatrists. Much more research is needed regarding exactly how to refine and deliver the electrical pulses and how this differentially affects brain function in health and disease.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30021523" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c7eee63aef214d6209cc47a78c4e3e37" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50477586,"asset_id":30021523,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50477586/download_file?st=MTczNzI4NDc3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="57053524" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarkGeorge11">Mark George</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="57053524" type="text/json">{"id":57053524,"first_name":"Mark","last_name":"George","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarkGeorge11","display_name":"Mark George","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarkGeorge11?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30021523 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30021523"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30021523, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30021523", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_30021523 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30021523; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_30021523"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_30021523 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30021523"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30021523; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30021523]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_30021523").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_30021523").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="30021523"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="251" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuropsychology">Neuropsychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="251" type="text/json">{"id":251,"name":"Neuropsychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuropsychology?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation">Neuromodulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2584" type="text/json">{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3217" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression">Depression</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3217" type="text/json">{"id":3217,"name":"Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="72415" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_Generation">Power Generation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="72415" type="text/json">{"id":72415,"name":"Power Generation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_Generation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30021523]'), work: {"id":30021523,"title":"Vagus nerve stimulation for the treatment of depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders","created_at":"2016-11-22T05:00:23.002-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30021523/Vagus_nerve_stimulation_for_the_treatment_of_depression_and_other_neuropsychiatric_disorders?f_ri=2584","dom_id":"work_30021523","summary":"Vagus nerve stimulation is an interesting new approach to treating neuropsychiatric diseases within the class of brain-stimulation devices sometimes labeled 'neuromodulators'. With vagus nerve stimulation, a battery-powered generator implanted in the chest wall connects to a wire wrapped around the vagus nerve in the neck, and sends intermittent pulses of electricity along the nerve directly into the brain. This mechanism takes advantage of the natural role of the vagus nerve in conveying information into the brain concerning homeostatic information (e.g., hunger, chest pain and respirations). Vagus nerve stimulation therapy is US FDA approved for the adjunctive treatment of epilepsy and has recently been FDA approved for the treatment of medication-resistant depression. Owing to its novel route into the brain, it has no drug-drug interactions or systemic side effects. This treatment also appears to have high long-term tolerability in patients, with low rates of patients relapsing on vagus nerve stimulation or becoming tolerant. However, alongside the excitement and enthusiasm for this new treatment, a lack of Class I evidence of efficacy in treating depression is currently slowing down adoption by psychiatrists. Much more research is needed regarding exactly how to refine and deliver the electrical pulses and how this differentially affects brain function in health and disease.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50477586,"asset_id":30021523,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":57053524,"first_name":"Mark","last_name":"George","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarkGeorge11","display_name":"Mark George","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarkGeorge11?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":251,"name":"Neuropsychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuropsychology?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":3217,"name":"Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":72415,"name":"Power Generation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_Generation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":112817,"name":"Expert","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Expert?f_ri=2584"},{"id":311854,"name":"Vagus Nerve Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vagus_Nerve_Stimulation?f_ri=2584"},{"id":698785,"name":"Side Effect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Side_Effect?f_ri=2584"},{"id":968358,"name":"Brain Function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Function?f_ri=2584"},{"id":979632,"name":"Drug Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Interaction?f_ri=2584"},{"id":1228968,"name":"Chest Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chest_Pain?f_ri=2584"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2584"},{"id":1423078,"name":"Nervous System Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nervous_System_Diseases?f_ri=2584"},{"id":1627527,"name":"Cognition disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition_disorders?f_ri=2584"},{"id":1748602,"name":"Vagus Nerve","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vagus_Nerve?f_ri=2584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29389264" data-work_id="29389264" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29389264/Noninvasive_Spinal_Cord_Stimulation_Technical_Aspects_and_Therapeutic_Applications">Noninvasive Spinal Cord Stimulation: Technical Aspects and Therapeutic Applications</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Electrical and magnetic trans-spinal stimulation can be used to increase the motor output of multiple spinal segments and modulate cortico-spinal excitability. The application of direct current through the scalp as well as... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29389264" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Electrical and magnetic trans-spinal stimulation can be used to increase the motor output of multiple spinal segments and modulate cortico-spinal excitability. The application of direct current through the scalp as well as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation are known to influence brain excitability, and hence can also modulate other central nervous system structures, including spinal cord.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29389264" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2275c4aaad719a22af8725635d09d39a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49831006,"asset_id":29389264,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49831006/download_file?st=MTczNzI4NDc3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32610748" href="https://univr.academia.edu/FrancescoBrigo">Francesco Brigo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32610748" type="text/json">{"id":32610748,"first_name":"Francesco","last_name":"Brigo","domain_name":"univr","page_name":"FrancescoBrigo","display_name":"Francesco Brigo","profile_url":"https://univr.academia.edu/FrancescoBrigo?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32610748/9739027/10848856/s65_francesco.brigo.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29389264 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29389264"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29389264, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29389264", }); 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The application of direct current through the scalp as well as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation are known to influence brain excitability, and hence can also modulate other central nervous system structures, including spinal cord.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49831006,"asset_id":29389264,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32610748,"first_name":"Francesco","last_name":"Brigo","domain_name":"univr","page_name":"FrancescoBrigo","display_name":"Francesco Brigo","profile_url":"https://univr.academia.edu/FrancescoBrigo?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32610748/9739027/10848856/s65_francesco.brigo.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":214054,"name":"Bibliographic Databases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bibliographic_Databases?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":473907,"name":"Spinal Cord Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinal_Cord_Stimulation?f_ri=2584"},{"id":917075,"name":"Pulsed Magnetic Field Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pulsed_Magnetic_Field_Therapy?f_ri=2584"},{"id":1011135,"name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinal_Cord_Injuries?f_ri=2584"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28961546 coauthored" data-work_id="28961546" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28961546/T_type_calcium_channel_blocker_Z944_restores_cortical_synchrony_and_thalamocortical_connectivity_in_a_rat_model_of_neuropathic_pain">T-type calcium channel blocker Z944 restores cortical synchrony and thalamocortical connectivity in a rat model of neuropathic pain</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Oscillations are fundamental to communication between neuronal ensembles. We previously reported that pain in awake rats enhances synchrony in primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and attenuates coherence between S1 and ventral... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28961546" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Oscillations are fundamental to communication between neuronal ensembles. We previously reported that pain in awake rats enhances synchrony in primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and attenuates coherence between S1 and ventral posterolateral (VPL) thalamus. Here, we asked whether similar changes occur in anesthetized rats and whether pain modulates phase–amplitude coupling between VPL and S1. We also hypothesized that the suppression of burst firing in VPL using Z944, a novel T-type calcium channel blocker, restores S1 synchrony and thalamocortical connectivity. Local field potentials were recorded from S1 and VPL in anesthetized rats 7 days after sciatic chronic constriction injury (CCI). In rats with CCI, low-frequency (4-12 Hz) synchrony in S1 was enhanced, whereas VPL–S1 coherence and theta–gamma phase–amplitude coupling were attenuated. Moreover, Granger causality showed decreased informational flow from VPL to S1. Systemic or intrathalamic delivery of Z944 to rats with CCI normalized these changes. Systemic Z944 also reversed thermal hyperalgesia and conditioned place preference. These data suggest that pain-induced cortical synchrony and thalamocortical disconnectivity are directly related to burst firing in VPL.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28961546" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b49cca2621b672f7c8c45d79d6176bf4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49402044,"asset_id":28961546,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49402044/download_file?st=MTczNzI4NDc3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2011344" href="https://illinois.academia.edu/BrentCross">Brent Cross</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2011344" type="text/json">{"id":2011344,"first_name":"Brent","last_name":"Cross","domain_name":"illinois","page_name":"BrentCross","display_name":"Brent Cross","profile_url":"https://illinois.academia.edu/BrentCross?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2011344/2252120/2633537/s65_brent.cross.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-28961546">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-28961546"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/CarlSaab">Carl Saab</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-28961546'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-28961546').html(); 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We previously reported that pain in awake rats enhances synchrony in primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and attenuates coherence between S1 and ventral posterolateral (VPL) thalamus. Here, we asked whether similar changes occur in anesthetized rats and whether pain modulates phase–amplitude coupling between VPL and S1. We also hypothesized that the suppression of burst firing in VPL using Z944, a novel T-type calcium channel blocker, restores S1 synchrony and thalamocortical connectivity. Local field potentials were recorded from S1 and VPL in anesthetized rats 7 days after sciatic chronic constriction injury (CCI). In rats with CCI, low-frequency (4-12 Hz) synchrony in S1 was enhanced, whereas VPL–S1 coherence and theta–gamma phase–amplitude coupling were attenuated. Moreover, Granger causality showed decreased informational flow from VPL to S1. Systemic or intrathalamic delivery of Z944 to rats with CCI normalized these changes. Systemic Z944 also reversed thermal hyperalgesia and conditioned place preference. These data suggest that pain-induced cortical synchrony and thalamocortical disconnectivity are directly related to burst firing in VPL.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49402044,"asset_id":28961546,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2011344,"first_name":"Brent","last_name":"Cross","domain_name":"illinois","page_name":"BrentCross","display_name":"Brent Cross","profile_url":"https://illinois.academia.edu/BrentCross?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2011344/2252120/2633537/s65_brent.cross.jpg"},{"id":54920443,"first_name":"Carl","last_name":"Saab","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CarlSaab","display_name":"Carl Saab","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CarlSaab?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":4479,"name":"Chronic Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":12950,"name":"Neural Oscillations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neural_Oscillations?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28336785" data-work_id="28336785" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28336785/Neuromodulation_desynchronisation_for_tinnitus_in_adults">Neuromodulation (desynchronisation) for tinnitus in adults</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Derek J Hoare, Diane Whitham, James A Henry, Gillian W Shorter</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28336785" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4558383cec52c5f90e61a7fa5cce17e5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48669528,"asset_id":28336785,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48669528/download_file?st=MTczNzI4NDc3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="15175" href="https://qub.academia.edu/GillianShorter">Gillian Shorter</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="15175" type="text/json">{"id":15175,"first_name":"Gillian","last_name":"Shorter","domain_name":"qub","page_name":"GillianShorter","display_name":"Gillian Shorter","profile_url":"https://qub.academia.edu/GillianShorter?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15175/5081/17345596/s65_gillian.shorter.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28336785 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28336785"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28336785, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28336785", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28336785]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28336785").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28336785").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28336785"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation">Neuromodulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2584" type="text/json">{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62841" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tinnitus">Tinnitus</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="62841" type="text/json">{"id":62841,"name":"Tinnitus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tinnitus?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="82999" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protocols">Protocols</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="82999" type="text/json">{"id":82999,"name":"Protocols","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protocols?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221411" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systematic_review">Systematic review</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="221411" type="text/json">{"id":221411,"name":"Systematic review","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systematic_review?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28336785]'), work: {"id":28336785,"title":"Neuromodulation (desynchronisation) for tinnitus in adults","created_at":"2016-09-08T04:41:05.053-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28336785/Neuromodulation_desynchronisation_for_tinnitus_in_adults?f_ri=2584","dom_id":"work_28336785","summary":"Derek J Hoare, Diane Whitham, James A Henry, Gillian W Shorter","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48669528,"asset_id":28336785,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":15175,"first_name":"Gillian","last_name":"Shorter","domain_name":"qub","page_name":"GillianShorter","display_name":"Gillian Shorter","profile_url":"https://qub.academia.edu/GillianShorter?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15175/5081/17345596/s65_gillian.shorter.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":62841,"name":"Tinnitus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tinnitus?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":82999,"name":"Protocols","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protocols?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":221411,"name":"Systematic review","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systematic_review?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13290693 coauthored" data-work_id="13290693" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13290693/Transcranial_magnetic_stimulation_in_neurology_A_review_of_established_and_prospective_applications">Transcranial magnetic stimulation in neurology: A review of established and prospective applications</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a neurophysiologic technique to noninvasively induce a controlled current pulse in a prespecified cortical target. This can be used to transiently disrupt the function of the targeted cortical... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13290693" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a neurophysiologic technique to noninvasively induce a controlled current pulse in a prespecified cortical target. This can be used to transiently disrupt the function of the targeted cortical region and explore causal relations to behavior, assess cortical reactivity, and map out functionally relevant brain regions, for example during presurgical assessments. Particularly when applied repetitively, TMS can modify cortical excitability and the effects can propagate trans-synaptically to interconnected cortical, subcortical, and spinal cord regions. As such, TMS can be used to assess the functional integrity of neural circuits and to modulate brain activity with potential therapeutic intent.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13290693" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a9a03e0dce89d010e6867d9c6920d81b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45506277,"asset_id":13290693,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45506277/download_file?st=MTczNzI4NDc3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32542133" href="https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/DanielPress">Daniel Press</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32542133" type="text/json">{"id":32542133,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Press","domain_name":"hms-harvard","page_name":"DanielPress","display_name":"Daniel Press","profile_url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/DanielPress?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13290693">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13290693"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/AlvaroPascualLeone">Alvaro Pascual-Leone</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13290693'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13290693').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13290693 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13290693"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13290693, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13290693", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13290693 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13290693; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13290693"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13290693 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13290693"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13290693; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13290693]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13290693").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13290693").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13290693"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation">Neuromodulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2584" type="text/json">{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6565" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcranial_Magnetic_Stimulation">Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6565" type="text/json">{"id":6565,"name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcranial_Magnetic_Stimulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="61474" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain">Brain</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="61474" type="text/json">{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13290693]'), work: {"id":13290693,"title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation in neurology: A review of established and prospective applications","created_at":"2015-06-25T13:55:23.386-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13290693/Transcranial_magnetic_stimulation_in_neurology_A_review_of_established_and_prospective_applications?f_ri=2584","dom_id":"work_13290693","summary":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a neurophysiologic technique to noninvasively induce a controlled current pulse in a prespecified cortical target. This can be used to transiently disrupt the function of the targeted cortical region and explore causal relations to behavior, assess cortical reactivity, and map out functionally relevant brain regions, for example during presurgical assessments. Particularly when applied repetitively, TMS can modify cortical excitability and the effects can propagate trans-synaptically to interconnected cortical, subcortical, and spinal cord regions. As such, TMS can be used to assess the functional integrity of neural circuits and to modulate brain activity with potential therapeutic intent.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45506277,"asset_id":13290693,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32542133,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Press","domain_name":"hms-harvard","page_name":"DanielPress","display_name":"Daniel Press","profile_url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/DanielPress?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":33115846,"first_name":"Alvaro","last_name":"Pascual-Leone","domain_name":"hms-harvard","page_name":"AlvaroPascualLeone","display_name":"Alvaro Pascual-Leone","profile_url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/AlvaroPascualLeone?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":6565,"name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcranial_Magnetic_Stimulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":99421,"name":"Spinal Cord","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinal_Cord?f_ri=2584"},{"id":119665,"name":"Reaction Time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reaction_Time?f_ri=2584"},{"id":131236,"name":"Electromagnetic Fields","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electromagnetic_Fields?f_ri=2584"},{"id":176503,"name":"Synaptic Transmission","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Synaptic_Transmission?f_ri=2584"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2584"},{"id":479866,"name":"Peripheral nerves","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peripheral_nerves?f_ri=2584"},{"id":901876,"name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity_and_Specificity?f_ri=2584"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2584"},{"id":1423078,"name":"Nervous System Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nervous_System_Diseases?f_ri=2584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35242579" data-work_id="35242579" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35242579/Remedial_interventions_for_developmental_dyslexia_how_neuropsychological_evidence_can_inspire_and_support_a_rehabilitation_training">Remedial interventions for developmental dyslexia: how neuropsychological evidence can inspire and support a rehabilitation training</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Developmental dyslexia (DD) is associated with deficiencies in temporal processing of auditory stimuli, depending on atypical oscillatory neural activity, that are considered to contribute to phonological and reading impairments. To... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35242579" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Developmental dyslexia (DD) is associated with deficiencies in temporal processing of auditory stimuli, depending on atypical oscillatory neural activity, that are considered to contribute to phonological and reading impairments. To induce a more accurate entrainment to the spectral properties of auditory stimuli in dyslexic readers, we explored the possibility to synchronize speech prosody during reading with an acoustic stimulus presented at a regular pace. Accordingly, an intervention program for DD, called Rhythmic Reading Training, was devised. Several test-training-retest studies supported the efficacy of this new methodology on reading skills of primary and high-school students with DD under different conditions. Finally, preliminary results of the application of RRT combined with neuromodulation (i.e., tDCS) in undergraduate students with DD are presented.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35242579" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d0d995a999c5093f12f8624a20b49d7a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55101971,"asset_id":35242579,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55101971/download_file?st=MTczNzI4NDc3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42583455" href="https://unicatt.academia.edu/AliceCancer">Alice Cancer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42583455" type="text/json">{"id":42583455,"first_name":"Alice","last_name":"Cancer","domain_name":"unicatt","page_name":"AliceCancer","display_name":"Alice Cancer","profile_url":"https://unicatt.academia.edu/AliceCancer?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42583455/11459225/12781260/s65_alice.cancer.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35242579 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35242579"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35242579, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35242579", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_35242579 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35242579; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_35242579"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_35242579 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35242579"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35242579; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35242579]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35242579").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35242579").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35242579"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation">Neuromodulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2584" type="text/json">{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3886" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhythm">Rhythm</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3886" type="text/json">{"id":3886,"name":"Rhythm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhythm?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9471" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reading">Reading</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9471" type="text/json">{"id":9471,"name":"Reading","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reading?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="31879" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_dyslexia">Developmental dyslexia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="31879" type="text/json">{"id":31879,"name":"Developmental dyslexia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_dyslexia?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35242579]'), work: {"id":35242579,"title":"Remedial interventions for developmental dyslexia: how neuropsychological evidence can inspire and support a rehabilitation training","created_at":"2017-11-24T09:06:37.562-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35242579/Remedial_interventions_for_developmental_dyslexia_how_neuropsychological_evidence_can_inspire_and_support_a_rehabilitation_training?f_ri=2584","dom_id":"work_35242579","summary":"Developmental dyslexia (DD) is associated with deficiencies in temporal processing of auditory stimuli, depending on atypical oscillatory neural activity, that are considered to contribute to phonological and reading impairments. To induce a more accurate entrainment to the spectral properties of auditory stimuli in dyslexic readers, we explored the possibility to synchronize speech prosody during reading with an acoustic stimulus presented at a regular pace. Accordingly, an intervention program for DD, called Rhythmic Reading Training, was devised. Several test-training-retest studies supported the efficacy of this new methodology on reading skills of primary and high-school students with DD under different conditions. Finally, preliminary results of the application of RRT combined with neuromodulation (i.e., tDCS) in undergraduate students with DD are presented.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55101971,"asset_id":35242579,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42583455,"first_name":"Alice","last_name":"Cancer","domain_name":"unicatt","page_name":"AliceCancer","display_name":"Alice Cancer","profile_url":"https://unicatt.academia.edu/AliceCancer?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42583455/11459225/12781260/s65_alice.cancer.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":3886,"name":"Rhythm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhythm?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":9471,"name":"Reading","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reading?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":31879,"name":"Developmental dyslexia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_dyslexia?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":97450,"name":"Intervention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intervention?f_ri=2584"},{"id":2195013,"name":"Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcranial_direct_current_stimulation_tDCS_?f_ri=2584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25126842" data-work_id="25126842" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25126842/Neuromodulating_Cognitive_Architecture_Towards_Biomimetic_Emotional_AI">Neuromodulating Cognitive Architecture: Towards Biomimetic Emotional AI</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper introduces a new model of artificial cognitive architecture for intelligent systems, the Neuromodulating Cognitive Architecture (NEUCOGAR). It is biomimetically inspired and adapts the neuromodulators role of human brains into... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25126842" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper introduces a new model of artificial cognitive architecture for intelligent systems, the Neuromodulating Cognitive Architecture (NEUCOGAR). It is biomimetically inspired and adapts the neuromodulators role of human brains into computational environments. This way we aim at achieving more efficient Artificial Intelligence solutions based on the biological inspiration of the deep functioning of human brain, which is highly emotional. The analysis of new data obtained from neurology, psychology and even philosophical or anthropological contributions of the study of the emotion role into cognitive processes allow us to generate a mapping of monoamine neuromodulators and to apply it to computational system parameters. Thus we can make artificial cognitive systems that better perform more complex tasks (regarding information selection and discrimination, attention, innovation, creativity,) as well as able to show affordable emotional relationships with human users.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25126842" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="696559869edd06706039242253626335" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45447338,"asset_id":25126842,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45447338/download_file?st=MTczNzI4NDc3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6267643" href="https://unime.academia.edu/MaxTalanov">Max Talanov</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6267643" type="text/json">{"id":6267643,"first_name":"Max","last_name":"Talanov","domain_name":"unime","page_name":"MaxTalanov","display_name":"Max Talanov","profile_url":"https://unime.academia.edu/MaxTalanov?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6267643/2932530/3432322/s65_max.talanov.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25126842 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25126842"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25126842, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25126842", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25126842]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25126842").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25126842").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25126842"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1676" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Modeling">Cognitive Modeling</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1676" type="text/json">{"id":1676,"name":"Cognitive Modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Modeling?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation">Neuromodulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2584" type="text/json">{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10903" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurotransmission">Neurotransmission</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10903" type="text/json">{"id":10903,"name":"Neurotransmission","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurotransmission?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11749" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Affective_Computing">Affective Computing</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11749" type="text/json">{"id":11749,"name":"Affective Computing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Affective_Computing?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25126842]'), work: {"id":25126842,"title":"Neuromodulating Cognitive Architecture: Towards Biomimetic Emotional AI","created_at":"2016-05-08T04:54:33.176-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25126842/Neuromodulating_Cognitive_Architecture_Towards_Biomimetic_Emotional_AI?f_ri=2584","dom_id":"work_25126842","summary":"This paper introduces a new model of artificial cognitive architecture for intelligent systems, the Neuromodulating Cognitive Architecture (NEUCOGAR). It is biomimetically inspired and adapts the neuromodulators role of human brains into computational environments. This way we aim at achieving more efficient Artificial Intelligence solutions based on the biological inspiration of the deep functioning of human brain, which is highly emotional. The analysis of new data obtained from neurology, psychology and even philosophical or anthropological contributions of the study of the emotion role into cognitive processes allow us to generate a mapping of monoamine neuromodulators and to apply it to computational system parameters. Thus we can make artificial cognitive systems that better perform more complex tasks (regarding information selection and discrimination, attention, innovation, creativity,) as well as able to show affordable emotional relationships with human users.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45447338,"asset_id":25126842,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6267643,"first_name":"Max","last_name":"Talanov","domain_name":"unime","page_name":"MaxTalanov","display_name":"Max Talanov","profile_url":"https://unime.academia.edu/MaxTalanov?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6267643/2932530/3432322/s65_max.talanov.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1676,"name":"Cognitive Modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Modeling?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":10903,"name":"Neurotransmission","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurotransmission?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":11749,"name":"Affective Computing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Affective_Computing?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":38181,"name":"AI","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/AI?f_ri=2584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17000072 coauthored" data-work_id="17000072" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17000072/The_Appropriate_Use_of_Neurostimulation_Avoidance_and_Treatment_of_Complications_of_Neurostimulation_Therapies_for_the_Treatment_of_Chronic_Pain">The Appropriate Use of Neurostimulation: Avoidance and Treatment of Complications of Neurostimulation Therapies for the Treatment of Chronic Pain</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The International Neuromodulation Society (INS) has determined that there is a need for guidance regarding safety and risk reduction for implantable neurostimulation devices. The INS convened an international committee of experts in the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17000072" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The International Neuromodulation Society (INS) has determined that there is a need for guidance regarding safety and risk reduction for implantable neurostimulation devices. The INS convened an international committee of experts in the field to explore the evidence and clinical experience regarding safety, risks, and steps to risk reduction to improve outcomes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17000072" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="993ba4ffb200b6f1f3ce45d7b8760a0e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39301579,"asset_id":17000072,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39301579/download_file?st=MTczNzI4NDc3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36531725" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NagyMekhail">Nagy Mekhail</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36531725" type="text/json">{"id":36531725,"first_name":"Nagy","last_name":"Mekhail","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NagyMekhail","display_name":"Nagy Mekhail","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NagyMekhail?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-17000072">+5</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-17000072"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/SNarouze">S. Narouze</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/TimothyDeer">Timothy Deer</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/LouRaso">Lou Raso</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://azm.academia.edu/LiongLiem">Liong Liem</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/SamEldabe">Sam Eldabe</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-17000072'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-17000072').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17000072 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17000072"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17000072, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17000072", }); 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The INS convened an international committee of experts in the field to explore the evidence and clinical experience regarding safety, risks, and steps to risk reduction to improve outcomes.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39301579,"asset_id":17000072,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36531725,"first_name":"Nagy","last_name":"Mekhail","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NagyMekhail","display_name":"Nagy Mekhail","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NagyMekhail?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":36622084,"first_name":"S.","last_name":"Narouze","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SNarouze","display_name":"S. Narouze","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SNarouze?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":39302578,"first_name":"Timothy","last_name":"Deer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TimothyDeer","display_name":"Timothy Deer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TimothyDeer?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":36621956,"first_name":"Lou","last_name":"Raso","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LouRaso","display_name":"Lou Raso","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LouRaso?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/36621956/80528387/69109209/s65_lou.raso.jpg"},{"id":36624040,"first_name":"Liong","last_name":"Liem","domain_name":"azm","page_name":"LiongLiem","display_name":"Liong Liem","profile_url":"https://azm.academia.edu/LiongLiem?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":36864728,"first_name":"Sam","last_name":"Eldabe","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SamEldabe","display_name":"Sam Eldabe","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SamEldabe?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":650,"name":"Neurosurgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosurgery?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":3645,"name":"Evidence Based Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evidence_Based_Medicine?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":4479,"name":"Chronic Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain?f_ri=2584"},{"id":40165,"name":"Pain Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Management?f_ri=2584"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2584"},{"id":473907,"name":"Spinal Cord Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinal_Cord_Stimulation?f_ri=2584"},{"id":588629,"name":"Hematoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hematoma?f_ri=2584"},{"id":1011135,"name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinal_Cord_Injuries?f_ri=2584"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2584"},{"id":2043485,"name":"Peripheral nerve injuries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peripheral_nerve_injuries?f_ri=2584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19918225 coauthored" data-work_id="19918225" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19918225/Chronic_Low_Back_Pain_Restoration_of_Dynamic_Stability">Chronic Low Back Pain: Restoration of Dynamic Stability</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Electrical stimulation for multifidus muscle contraction is a novel approach for treating chronic low back pain (CLBP). A multicenter, open-label feasibility study investigated this modality in patients with continuing CLBP despite... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19918225" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Electrical stimulation for multifidus muscle contraction is a novel approach for treating chronic low back pain (CLBP). A multicenter, open-label feasibility study investigated this modality in patients with continuing CLBP despite medical management and no prior back surgery and no known pathological cause of CLBP. Twenty-six patients with continuing CLBP despite physical therapy and medication were implanted with commercially-available implantable pulse generators and leads positioned adjacent to the medial branch of the dorsal ramus as it crosses the L3 transverse process such that electrical stimulation resulted in contraction of the lumbar multifidus (LM) muscle. Patients self-administered stimulation twice daily for 20 min. Low back pain (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Quality of Life (EQ-5D) scores were collected at three and five months and compared to baseline. Stimulation was withdrawn between months 4 and 5 to test durability of effect. At three months, 74% of patients met or exceeded the minimally important change (MIC) in VAS and 63% for disability. QoL improved in 84% of patients (N = 19) and none got worse. Five of the 11 patients on disability for CLBP (45%) resumed work by three months. Half the patients reported ≥50% VAS reduction by month 5. Twenty-one lead migration events occurred in 13 patients, of which 7 patients are included in the efficacy cohort. Episodic stimulation to induce LM contraction can reduce CLBP and disability, improve quality of life and enable return to work. A dedicated lead design to reduce risk of migration is required.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19918225" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="04eed7ecfd11563989a788d0b221599f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42002131,"asset_id":19918225,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42002131/download_file?st=MTczNzI4NDc3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40767631" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AshishGulve">Ashish Gulve</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40767631" type="text/json">{"id":40767631,"first_name":"Ashish","last_name":"Gulve","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AshishGulve","display_name":"Ashish Gulve","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AshishGulve?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-19918225">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-19918225"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/KristenJaax">Kristen Jaax</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-19918225'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-19918225').html(); 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A multicenter, open-label feasibility study investigated this modality in patients with continuing CLBP despite medical management and no prior back surgery and no known pathological cause of CLBP. Twenty-six patients with continuing CLBP despite physical therapy and medication were implanted with commercially-available implantable pulse generators and leads positioned adjacent to the medial branch of the dorsal ramus as it crosses the L3 transverse process such that electrical stimulation resulted in contraction of the lumbar multifidus (LM) muscle. Patients self-administered stimulation twice daily for 20 min. Low back pain (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Quality of Life (EQ-5D) scores were collected at three and five months and compared to baseline. Stimulation was withdrawn between months 4 and 5 to test durability of effect. At three months, 74% of patients met or exceeded the minimally important change (MIC) in VAS and 63% for disability. QoL improved in 84% of patients (N = 19) and none got worse. Five of the 11 patients on disability for CLBP (45%) resumed work by three months. Half the patients reported ≥50% VAS reduction by month 5. Twenty-one lead migration events occurred in 13 patients, of which 7 patients are included in the efficacy cohort. Episodic stimulation to induce LM contraction can reduce CLBP and disability, improve quality of life and enable return to work. A dedicated lead design to reduce risk of migration is required.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42002131,"asset_id":19918225,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40767631,"first_name":"Ashish","last_name":"Gulve","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AshishGulve","display_name":"Ashish Gulve","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AshishGulve?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":41962652,"first_name":"Kristen","last_name":"Jaax","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KristenJaax","display_name":"Kristen Jaax","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KristenJaax?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_76196205" data-work_id="76196205" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/76196205/The_End_of_Alzheimers">The End of Alzheimer's</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/76196205" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1fbe1accf6329ecd8a96e15b528b88f6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":83939915,"asset_id":76196205,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83939915/download_file?st=MTczNzI4NDc3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="106675067" rel="nofollow" href="https://independent.academia.edu/merveaktans%C3%BCzg%C3%BCn">merve aktan süzgün</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="106675067" type="text/json">{"id":106675067,"first_name":"merve","last_name":"aktan süzgün","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"merveaktansüzgün","display_name":"merve aktan süzgün","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/merveaktans%C3%BCzg%C3%BCn?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_76196205 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="76196205"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 76196205, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_76196205", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76196205]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_76196205").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_76196205").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="76196205"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation">Neuromodulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2584" type="text/json">{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3776" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alzheimers_Disease">Alzheimer's Disease</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3776" type="text/json">{"id":3776,"name":"Alzheimer's Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alzheimers_Disease?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="54683" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dementia_Care">Dementia Care</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="54683" type="text/json">{"id":54683,"name":"Dementia Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dementia_Care?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=76196205]'), work: {"id":76196205,"title":"The End of Alzheimer's","created_at":"2022-04-12T01:00:40.236-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/76196205/The_End_of_Alzheimers?f_ri=2584","dom_id":"work_76196205","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83939915,"asset_id":76196205,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":106675067,"first_name":"merve","last_name":"aktan süzgün","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"merveaktansüzgün","display_name":"merve aktan süzgün","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/merveaktans%C3%BCzg%C3%BCn?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":3776,"name":"Alzheimer's Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alzheimers_Disease?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":54683,"name":"Dementia Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dementia_Care?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34283394" data-work_id="34283394" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34283394/rTMS_for_Suppressing_Neuropathic_Pain_A_Meta_Analysis">rTMS for Suppressing Neuropathic Pain: A Meta-Analysis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This pooled individual data (PID)-based meta-analysis collectively assessed the analgesic effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on various neuropathic pain states based on their neuroanatomical hierarchy. Available... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34283394" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This pooled individual data (PID)-based meta-analysis collectively assessed the analgesic effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on various neuropathic pain states based on their neuroanatomical hierarchy. Available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were screened. PID was coded for age, gender, pain neuroanatomical origins, pain duration, and treatment parameters analyses. Coded pain neuroanatomical origins consist of peripheral nerve (PN); nerve root (NR); spinal cord (SC); trigeminal nerve or ganglion (TGN); and post-stroke supraspinal related pain (PSP). Raw data of 149 patients were extracted from 5 (1 parallel, 4 cross-over) selected (from 235 articles) RCTs. A significant (P < .001) overall analgesic effect (mean percent difference in pain visual analog scale (VAS) score reduction with 95% confidence interval) was detected with greater reduction in VAS with rTMS in comparison to sham. Including the parallel study (Khedr et al), the TGN subgroup was found to have the greatest analgesic effect (28.8%), followed by PSP (16.7%), SC (14.7%), NR (10.0%), and PN (1.5%). The results were similar when we excluded the parallel study with the greatest analgesic effect observed in TGN (33.0%), followed by SC (14.7%), PSP (10.5%), NR (10.0%), and PN (1.5%). In addition, multiple (vs single, P = .003) sessions and lower (>1 and #10 Hz) treatment frequency range (vs >10 Hz) appears to generate better analgesic outcome. In short, rTMS appears to be more effective in suppressing centrally than peripherally originated neuropathic pain states.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34283394" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="446543b58c1fffb3cb558d0551672152" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54189468,"asset_id":34283394,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54189468/download_file?st=MTczNzI4NDc3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="67432453" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RonghuiXu">Ronghui Xu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="67432453" type="text/json">{"id":67432453,"first_name":"Ronghui","last_name":"Xu","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RonghuiXu","display_name":"Ronghui Xu","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RonghuiXu?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34283394 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34283394"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34283394, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34283394", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_34283394 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34283394; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_34283394"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_34283394 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34283394"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34283394; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34283394]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34283394").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34283394").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34283394"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation">Neuromodulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2584" type="text/json">{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6565" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcranial_Magnetic_Stimulation">Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6565" type="text/json">{"id":6565,"name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcranial_Magnetic_Stimulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="83200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuropathic_pain">Neuropathic pain</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="83200" type="text/json">{"id":83200,"name":"Neuropathic pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuropathic_pain?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34283394]'), work: {"id":34283394,"title":"rTMS for Suppressing Neuropathic Pain: A Meta-Analysis","created_at":"2017-08-20T10:45:31.132-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34283394/rTMS_for_Suppressing_Neuropathic_Pain_A_Meta_Analysis?f_ri=2584","dom_id":"work_34283394","summary":"This pooled individual data (PID)-based meta-analysis collectively assessed the analgesic effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on various neuropathic pain states based on their neuroanatomical hierarchy. Available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were screened. PID was coded for age, gender, pain neuroanatomical origins, pain duration, and treatment parameters analyses. Coded pain neuroanatomical origins consist of peripheral nerve (PN); nerve root (NR); spinal cord (SC); trigeminal nerve or ganglion (TGN); and post-stroke supraspinal related pain (PSP). Raw data of 149 patients were extracted from 5 (1 parallel, 4 cross-over) selected (from 235 articles) RCTs. A significant (P \u003c .001) overall analgesic effect (mean percent difference in pain visual analog scale (VAS) score reduction with 95% confidence interval) was detected with greater reduction in VAS with rTMS in comparison to sham. Including the parallel study (Khedr et al), the TGN subgroup was found to have the greatest analgesic effect (28.8%), followed by PSP (16.7%), SC (14.7%), NR (10.0%), and PN (1.5%). The results were similar when we excluded the parallel study with the greatest analgesic effect observed in TGN (33.0%), followed by SC (14.7%), PSP (10.5%), NR (10.0%), and PN (1.5%). In addition, multiple (vs single, P = .003) sessions and lower (\u003e1 and #10 Hz) treatment frequency range (vs \u003e10 Hz) appears to generate better analgesic outcome. In short, rTMS appears to be more effective in suppressing centrally than peripherally originated neuropathic pain states.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54189468,"asset_id":34283394,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":67432453,"first_name":"Ronghui","last_name":"Xu","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RonghuiXu","display_name":"Ronghui Xu","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RonghuiXu?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":6565,"name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcranial_Magnetic_Stimulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":83200,"name":"Neuropathic pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuropathic_pain?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":99421,"name":"Spinal Cord","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinal_Cord?f_ri=2584"},{"id":218206,"name":"Meta Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meta_Analysis?f_ri=2584"},{"id":413196,"name":"Randomized Controlled Trial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Randomized_Controlled_Trial?f_ri=2584"},{"id":509434,"name":"Peripheral Nerve","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peripheral_Nerve?f_ri=2584"},{"id":1169953,"name":"Trigeminal Nerve","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trigeminal_Nerve?f_ri=2584"},{"id":1550739,"name":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Repetitive_transcranial_magnetic_stimulation?f_ri=2584"},{"id":1587858,"name":"Confidence Interval","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Confidence_Interval?f_ri=2584"},{"id":2463257,"name":"Neuralgia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuralgia?f_ri=2584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28116626" data-work_id="28116626" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28116626/Neuromodulatory_Processes_of_the_Brain_Gut_Axis">Neuromodulatory Processes of the Brain-Gut Axis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Brain-gut axis represents a complex reflex circuit that integrates the communication between cortex and the digestive system. Disturbances of the neuromodulatory processes in the brain-gut axis generate functional digestive disorders... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28116626" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Brain-gut axis represents a complex reflex circuit that integrates the communication between cortex and the digestive system. Disturbances of the neuromodulatory processes in the brain-gut axis generate functional digestive disorders mainly centered on the pain symptoms and motility disorders. This article reviews structural and patho-physiological aspects of the brain-gut axis and explains how the neuromodulatory interventions currently used in order to treat GI conditions related to the brain-gut axis disturbances. The neuromodulation can be realized by pharmacological targeting mainly receptors in the periphery or using electrical stimulation applied at different levels of the nervous system or directly in the muscular layers of the bowels resulting in modulation of the digestive system activity. The efficacy of the methods using electrostimulation is dependent on the parameters of the physical system used: amplitude, frequency, burst time of the electrical current and also the positioning of the electrodes. While pharmacological interventions are largely used at the moment, neuromodulatory interventions involving electrical stimulation showed clinical efficacy in research trials and have promise.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28116626" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ef05bf8181fe325c9aac35eeca096340" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48432274,"asset_id":28116626,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48432274/download_file?st=MTczNzI4NDc3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44658284" href="https://univ-mlv.academia.edu/AlexandruGaman">Alexandru Gaman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44658284" type="text/json">{"id":44658284,"first_name":"Alexandru","last_name":"Gaman","domain_name":"univ-mlv","page_name":"AlexandruGaman","display_name":"Alexandru Gaman","profile_url":"https://univ-mlv.academia.edu/AlexandruGaman?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44658284/13917539/14980303/s65_alexandru.gaman.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28116626 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28116626"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28116626, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28116626", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_28116626 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28116626; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_28116626"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_28116626 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28116626"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28116626; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28116626]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28116626").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28116626").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28116626"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="146" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioinformatics">Bioinformatics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="146" type="text/json">{"id":146,"name":"Bioinformatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioinformatics?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation">Neuromodulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2584" type="text/json">{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8014" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Sciences">Life Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8014" type="text/json">{"id":8014,"name":"Life Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Sciences?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28116626]'), work: {"id":28116626,"title":"Neuromodulatory Processes of the Brain-Gut Axis","created_at":"2016-08-30T01:55:12.392-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28116626/Neuromodulatory_Processes_of_the_Brain_Gut_Axis?f_ri=2584","dom_id":"work_28116626","summary":"Brain-gut axis represents a complex reflex circuit that integrates the communication between cortex and the digestive system. Disturbances of the neuromodulatory processes in the brain-gut axis generate functional digestive disorders mainly centered on the pain symptoms and motility disorders. This article reviews structural and patho-physiological aspects of the brain-gut axis and explains how the neuromodulatory interventions currently used in order to treat GI conditions related to the brain-gut axis disturbances. The neuromodulation can be realized by pharmacological targeting mainly receptors in the periphery or using electrical stimulation applied at different levels of the nervous system or directly in the muscular layers of the bowels resulting in modulation of the digestive system activity. The efficacy of the methods using electrostimulation is dependent on the parameters of the physical system used: amplitude, frequency, burst time of the electrical current and also the positioning of the electrodes. While pharmacological interventions are largely used at the moment, neuromodulatory interventions involving electrical stimulation showed clinical efficacy in research trials and have promise.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48432274,"asset_id":28116626,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44658284,"first_name":"Alexandru","last_name":"Gaman","domain_name":"univ-mlv","page_name":"AlexandruGaman","display_name":"Alexandru Gaman","profile_url":"https://univ-mlv.academia.edu/AlexandruGaman?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44658284/13917539/14980303/s65_alexandru.gaman.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":146,"name":"Bioinformatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioinformatics?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":8014,"name":"Life Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Sciences?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":66744,"name":"Biomedical Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Research?f_ri=2584"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2584"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11172572" data-work_id="11172572" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11172572/Contribution_of_transcranial_magnetic_stimulation_to_the_understanding_of_cortical_mechanisms_involved_in_motor_control">Contribution of transcranial magnetic stimulation to the understanding of cortical mechanisms involved in motor control</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was initially used to evaluate the integrity of the corticospinal tract in humans non-invasively. Since these early studies, the development of paired-pulse and repetitive TMS protocols allowed... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11172572" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was initially used to evaluate the integrity of the corticospinal tract in humans non-invasively. Since these early studies, the development of paired-pulse and repetitive TMS protocols allowed investigators to explore inhibitory and excitatory interactions of various motor and non-motor cortical regions within and across cerebral hemispheres. These applications have provided insight into the intracortical physiological processes underlying the functional role of different brain regions in various cognitive processes, motor control in health and disease and neuroplastic changes during recovery of function after brain lesions. Used in combination with neuroimaging tools, TMS provides valuable information on functional connectivity between different brain regions, and on the relationship between physiological processes and the anatomical configuration of specific brain areas and connected pathways. More recently, there has been increasing interest in the extent to which these physiological processes are modulated depending on the behavioural setting. The purpose of this paper is (a) to present an up-to-date review of the available electrophysiological data and the impact on our understanding of human motor behaviour and (b) to discuss some of the gaps in our present knowledge as well as future directions of research in a format accessible to new students and/or investigators. Finally, areas of uncertainty and limitations in the interpretation of TMS studies are discussed in some detail.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11172572" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4cc8e4acfcc0522c8a608665c9d78411" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46843969,"asset_id":11172572,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46843969/download_file?st=MTczNzI4NDc3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26974997" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MonicaPerez33">Monica Perez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26974997" type="text/json">{"id":26974997,"first_name":"Monica","last_name":"Perez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MonicaPerez33","display_name":"Monica Perez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MonicaPerez33?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26974997/74658471/63158307/s65_monica.perez.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11172572 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11172572"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11172572, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11172572", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11172572 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11172572; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_11172572"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_11172572 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11172572"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11172572; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11172572]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11172572").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11172572").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11172572"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">32</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation">Neuromodulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2584" type="text/json">{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3662" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dementia">Dementia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3662" type="text/json">{"id":3662,"name":"Dementia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dementia?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11172572]'), work: {"id":11172572,"title":"Contribution of transcranial magnetic stimulation to the understanding of cortical mechanisms involved in motor control","created_at":"2015-02-28T17:47:40.281-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11172572/Contribution_of_transcranial_magnetic_stimulation_to_the_understanding_of_cortical_mechanisms_involved_in_motor_control?f_ri=2584","dom_id":"work_11172572","summary":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was initially used to evaluate the integrity of the corticospinal tract in humans non-invasively. Since these early studies, the development of paired-pulse and repetitive TMS protocols allowed investigators to explore inhibitory and excitatory interactions of various motor and non-motor cortical regions within and across cerebral hemispheres. These applications have provided insight into the intracortical physiological processes underlying the functional role of different brain regions in various cognitive processes, motor control in health and disease and neuroplastic changes during recovery of function after brain lesions. Used in combination with neuroimaging tools, TMS provides valuable information on functional connectivity between different brain regions, and on the relationship between physiological processes and the anatomical configuration of specific brain areas and connected pathways. More recently, there has been increasing interest in the extent to which these physiological processes are modulated depending on the behavioural setting. The purpose of this paper is (a) to present an up-to-date review of the available electrophysiological data and the impact on our understanding of human motor behaviour and (b) to discuss some of the gaps in our present knowledge as well as future directions of research in a format accessible to new students and/or investigators. Finally, areas of uncertainty and limitations in the interpretation of TMS studies are discussed in some detail.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46843969,"asset_id":11172572,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26974997,"first_name":"Monica","last_name":"Perez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MonicaPerez33","display_name":"Monica Perez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MonicaPerez33?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26974997/74658471/63158307/s65_monica.perez.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":3662,"name":"Dementia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dementia?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":6565,"name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcranial_Magnetic_Stimulation?f_ri=2584"},{"id":8735,"name":"Motor Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motor_Control?f_ri=2584"},{"id":8940,"name":"Multiple System Atrophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiple_System_Atrophy?f_ri=2584"},{"id":8971,"name":"Mild Cognitive Impairment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mild_Cognitive_Impairment?f_ri=2584"},{"id":43367,"name":"Movement disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Movement_disorders?f_ri=2584"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=2584"},{"id":52763,"name":"Functional Connectivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Connectivity?f_ri=2584"},{"id":61234,"name":"Stroke","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stroke?f_ri=2584"},{"id":78467,"name":"Cerebral Cortex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cerebral_Cortex?f_ri=2584"},{"id":97766,"name":"Vascular dementia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vascular_dementia?f_ri=2584"},{"id":132020,"name":"Neuronal Plasticity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuronal_Plasticity?f_ri=2584"},{"id":153836,"name":"Motor Cortex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motor_Cortex?f_ri=2584"},{"id":154636,"name":"Cognitive Process","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Process?f_ri=2584"},{"id":159958,"name":"Acetylcholine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acetylcholine?f_ri=2584"},{"id":161176,"name":"The","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The?f_ri=2584"},{"id":162159,"name":"Differential Diagnosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Differential_Diagnosis?f_ri=2584"},{"id":201491,"name":"Corticospinal Tract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corticospinal_Tract?f_ri=2584"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2584"},{"id":263020,"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Neurophysiology?f_ri=2584"},{"id":277705,"name":"Motor Evoked Potentials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motor_Evoked_Potentials?f_ri=2584"},{"id":400537,"name":"Functional Recovery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Recovery?f_ri=2584"},{"id":430721,"name":"Frontotemporal Dementia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Frontotemporal_Dementia?f_ri=2584"},{"id":704401,"name":"Neural pathways","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neural_pathways?f_ri=2584"},{"id":1120234,"name":"Alzheimer Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alzheimer_Disease?f_ri=2584"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2584"},{"id":1541077,"name":"Parkinson Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parkinson_Disease?f_ri=2584"},{"id":2246318,"name":"Motor activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motor_activity?f_ri=2584"},{"id":2474622,"name":"Recovery of Function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recovery_of_Function?f_ri=2584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37962241" data-work_id="37962241" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37962241/Brain_Stimulation_in_the_Treatment_of_Addiction">Brain Stimulation in the Treatment of Addiction</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Drug dependence is a disorder that affects the whole subject but specially its mental health. Several brain areas involved in drug addiction have been described and the prefrontal cortex is pointed as a key structure involved in the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37962241" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Drug dependence is a disorder that affects the whole subject but specially its mental health. Several brain areas involved in drug addiction have been described and the prefrontal cortex is pointed as a key structure involved in the control over drug intake behaviour. Here, we summarize the involvement of some prefrontal sites in drug abuse and we present relevant findings that point the neuromodulation of the prefrontal cortex as a promising additional tool in the treatment of addiction.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37962241" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="468ce139c3b07f3491b56bcbf8822ead" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57977274,"asset_id":37962241,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57977274/download_file?st=MTczNzI4NDc3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="98198066" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JNixon2">Jacobs Publishers</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="98198066" type="text/json">{"id":98198066,"first_name":"Jacobs","last_name":"Publishers","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JNixon2","display_name":"Jacobs Publishers","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JNixon2?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/98198066/21410401/20851882/s65_jacobs.publishers.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37962241 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37962241"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37962241, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37962241", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37962241 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37962241; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37962241"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37962241 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37962241"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37962241; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37962241]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37962241").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37962241").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37962241"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2483" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction">Addiction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2483" type="text/json">{"id":2483,"name":"Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation">Neuromodulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2584" type="text/json">{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28576" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prefrontal_Cortex">Prefrontal Cortex</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28576" type="text/json">{"id":28576,"name":"Prefrontal Cortex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prefrontal_Cortex?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="209189" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_abuse">Drug abuse</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="209189" type="text/json">{"id":209189,"name":"Drug abuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_abuse?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37962241]'), work: {"id":37962241,"title":"Brain Stimulation in the Treatment of Addiction","created_at":"2018-12-12T01:13:14.469-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37962241/Brain_Stimulation_in_the_Treatment_of_Addiction?f_ri=2584","dom_id":"work_37962241","summary":"Drug dependence is a disorder that affects the whole subject but specially its mental health. Several brain areas involved in drug addiction have been described and the prefrontal cortex is pointed as a key structure involved in the control over drug intake behaviour. Here, we summarize the involvement of some prefrontal sites in drug abuse and we present relevant findings that point the neuromodulation of the prefrontal cortex as a promising additional tool in the treatment of addiction.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57977274,"asset_id":37962241,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":98198066,"first_name":"Jacobs","last_name":"Publishers","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JNixon2","display_name":"Jacobs Publishers","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JNixon2?f_ri=2584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/98198066/21410401/20851882/s65_jacobs.publishers.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2483,"name":"Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":28576,"name":"Prefrontal Cortex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prefrontal_Cortex?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":209189,"name":"Drug abuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_abuse?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":318293,"name":"Brain Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Stimulation?f_ri=2584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20429333" data-work_id="20429333" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20429333/Spinal_cord_stimulation_of_the_dorsal_root_ganglion_for_groin_pain_a_retrospective_review">Spinal cord stimulation of the dorsal root ganglion for groin pain-a retrospective review.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">BACKGROUND: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a standard treatment option for chronic neuropathic pain. However, some anatomical pain distributions are known to be difficult to cover with traditional SCS-induced paresthesias and/or may... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20429333" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">BACKGROUND:<br /><br />Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a standard treatment option for chronic neuropathic pain. However, some anatomical pain distributions are known to be difficult to cover with traditional SCS-induced paresthesias and/or may also induce additional, unwanted stimulation. We present the results from a retrospective review of data from patients with groin pain of various etiologies treated using neuromodulation of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG).<br />METHODS:<br /><br />Data from 29 patients with neuropathic groin pain were reviewed. Patients underwent trial therapy where specifically designed leads were implanted at the target DRGs between T12 and L4. Patients who had a successful trial (> 50% improvement) received the fully implantable neuromodulation system. Pain scores were captured on a visual analog scale (VAS) at baseline and at regular follow-up visits.<br />RESULTS:<br /><br />Twenty-five patients (86.2%) received fully implantable neurostimulators, and the average follow-up period was 27.8 ± 4.3 (standard error of the mean, SEM) weeks. The average pain reduction was 71.4 ± 5.6%, and 82.6% (19/23) of patients experienced a > 50% reduction in their pain at the latest follow-up. Individual cases showed improvement with a variety of etiologies and pain distributions; a subanalysis of postherniorrhaphy cohort also showed significant improvement.<br />CONCLUSIONS:<br /><br />Early findings suggest that neuromodulation of the DRG may be an effective treatment for chronic neuropathic pain conditions in the groin region. This technique offers a useful alternative for pain conditions that do not always respond optimally to traditional SCS therapy. Neuromodulation of the DRG provided excellent cross-dermatomal paresthesia coverage, even in cases with patients with discrete pain areas. The therapy can be specific, sustained, and independent of body position.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20429333" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6186a58272bb4dfa3f51e7c3e1180ab4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41365714,"asset_id":20429333,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41365714/download_file?st=MTczNzI4NDc3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37017750" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DanielKlase">Daniel Klase</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37017750" type="text/json">{"id":37017750,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Klase","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DanielKlase","display_name":"Daniel Klase","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DanielKlase?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20429333 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20429333"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20429333, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20429333", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_20429333 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20429333; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_20429333"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_20429333 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="20429333"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20429333; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20429333]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20429333").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20429333").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20429333"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation">Neuromodulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2584" type="text/json">{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38223" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peripheral_Nerve_Injury">Peripheral Nerve Injury</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="38223" type="text/json">{"id":38223,"name":"Peripheral Nerve Injury","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peripheral_Nerve_Injury?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="83200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuropathic_pain">Neuropathic pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="83200" type="text/json">{"id":83200,"name":"Neuropathic pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuropathic_pain?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1239513" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peripheral_Nerve_Stimulation_and_Recording">Peripheral Nerve Stimulation and Recording</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1239513" type="text/json">{"id":1239513,"name":"Peripheral Nerve Stimulation and Recording","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peripheral_Nerve_Stimulation_and_Recording?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20429333]'), work: {"id":20429333,"title":"Spinal cord stimulation of the dorsal root ganglion for groin pain-a retrospective review.","created_at":"2016-01-21T03:15:32.277-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20429333/Spinal_cord_stimulation_of_the_dorsal_root_ganglion_for_groin_pain_a_retrospective_review?f_ri=2584","dom_id":"work_20429333","summary":"BACKGROUND:\n\nSpinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a standard treatment option for chronic neuropathic pain. However, some anatomical pain distributions are known to be difficult to cover with traditional SCS-induced paresthesias and/or may also induce additional, unwanted stimulation. We present the results from a retrospective review of data from patients with groin pain of various etiologies treated using neuromodulation of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG).\nMETHODS:\n\nData from 29 patients with neuropathic groin pain were reviewed. Patients underwent trial therapy where specifically designed leads were implanted at the target DRGs between T12 and L4. Patients who had a successful trial (\u003e 50% improvement) received the fully implantable neuromodulation system. Pain scores were captured on a visual analog scale (VAS) at baseline and at regular follow-up visits.\nRESULTS:\n\nTwenty-five patients (86.2%) received fully implantable neurostimulators, and the average follow-up period was 27.8 ± 4.3 (standard error of the mean, SEM) weeks. The average pain reduction was 71.4 ± 5.6%, and 82.6% (19/23) of patients experienced a \u003e 50% reduction in their pain at the latest follow-up. Individual cases showed improvement with a variety of etiologies and pain distributions; a subanalysis of postherniorrhaphy cohort also showed significant improvement.\nCONCLUSIONS:\n\nEarly findings suggest that neuromodulation of the DRG may be an effective treatment for chronic neuropathic pain conditions in the groin region. This technique offers a useful alternative for pain conditions that do not always respond optimally to traditional SCS therapy. Neuromodulation of the DRG provided excellent cross-dermatomal paresthesia coverage, even in cases with patients with discrete pain areas. The therapy can be specific, sustained, and independent of body position.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41365714,"asset_id":20429333,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37017750,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Klase","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DanielKlase","display_name":"Daniel Klase","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DanielKlase?f_ri=2584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2584,"name":"Neuromodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":38223,"name":"Peripheral Nerve Injury","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peripheral_Nerve_Injury?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":83200,"name":"Neuropathic pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuropathic_pain?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true},{"id":1239513,"name":"Peripheral Nerve Stimulation and Recording","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peripheral_Nerve_Stimulation_and_Recording?f_ri=2584","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="u-taCenter Pagination"><ul class="pagination"><li class="next_page"><a href="/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?after=50%2C20429333" rel="next">Next</a></li><li class="last next"><a href="/Documents/in/Neuromodulation?page=last">Last »</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"><div class="u-pl6x"><div style="width: 300px;"><div class="panel panel-flat u-mt7x"><div class="panel-heading u-p5x"><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-taCenter u-fw700 u-textUppercase">Related Topics</div></div><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Imaging">Molecular Imaging</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a 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