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href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88" title="ਚੇਲੀਆਂਵਾਲਾ ਦੀ ਲੜਾਈ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਚੇਲੀਆਂਵਾਲਾ ਦੀ ਲੜਾਈ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%BA_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%84%DA%91%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="چیلیاں والا دی لڑائی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چیلیاں والا دی لڑائی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_pod_Chillianwala" title="Bitwa pod Chillianwala – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bitwa pod Chillianwala" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Сражение при Чиллианвале – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сражение при Чиллианвале" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chillianwalan_taistelu" title="Chillianwalan taistelu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Chillianwalan taistelu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" 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(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Battle of Chillianwala</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Sikh_war" title="Second Anglo-Sikh war">Second Anglo-Sikh war</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Chillianwala_oil_painting.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Battle_of_Chillianwala_oil_painting.jpg/300px-Battle_of_Chillianwala_oil_painting.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Battle_of_Chillianwala_oil_painting.jpg/450px-Battle_of_Chillianwala_oil_painting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Battle_of_Chillianwala_oil_painting.jpg/600px-Battle_of_Chillianwala_oil_painting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="647" /></a></span><br />A <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1849</span> painting of the battle by Charles Becher Young</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>13 January 1849</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Chillianwala" title="Chillianwala">Chillianwala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Sikh victory <a href="#Aftermath">Aftermath</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span data-sort-value="United Kingdom"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a></span> <br /> <span data-sort-value="East India Company"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a></span></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sikh_Empire_flag.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Sikh_Empire_flag.jpg/25px-Sikh_Empire_flag.jpg" decoding="async" width="25" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Sikh_Empire_flag.jpg/38px-Sikh_Empire_flag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Sikh_Empire_flag.jpg/50px-Sikh_Empire_flag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="496" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gough,_1st_Viscount_Gough" title="Hugh Gough, 1st Viscount Gough">Sir Hugh Gough</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Sher_Singh_Attariwalla" title="Sher Singh Attariwalla">Sher Singh Attariwalla</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 15,000<sup id="cite_ref-Sadler44_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sadler44-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />100 guns</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 10,000<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>–20,000<sup id="cite_ref-roy_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roy-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />60 guns</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 2,512 (~1,512 Indian, ~1,000 British)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />6 guns lost<sup id="cite_ref-roy_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roy-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 4,000<sup id="cite_ref-1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Second_Anglo-Sikh_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Second Anglo-Sikh War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Second_Anglo-Sikh_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Second Anglo-Sikh War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Second_Anglo-Sikh_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Second Anglo-Sikh War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Second_Anglo-Sikh_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Anglo-Sikh War"><span class="wrap">Second Anglo-Sikh War</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramnagar" title="Battle of Ramnagar">Ramnagar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chillianwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Multan_(1848-1849)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Multan (1848-1849)">Multan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gujrat" title="Battle of Gujrat">Gujrat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The <b>Battle of Chillianwala</b> (also spelled Chillianwallah) was fought in January 1849 during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Sikh_war" title="Second Anglo-Sikh war">Second Anglo-Sikh war</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Chillianwala" title="Chillianwala">Chillianwala</a> region (<a href="/wiki/Mandi_Bahauddin" title="Mandi Bahauddin">Mandi Bahauddin</a>) of <a href="/wiki/Punjab_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab region">Punjab</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> now part of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>. The battle was one of the bloodiest fought by the <a href="/wiki/British_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British East India Company">British East India Company</a>. Both armies held their positions at the end of the battle and both sides claimed victory.<sup id="cite_ref-Heath42_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heath42-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The battle was a strategic check to immediate British ambitions in India and a shock to British military prestige.<sup id="cite_ref-AHAmin_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHAmin-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Chillianwala&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Sikh_war" title="Second Anglo-Sikh war">Second Anglo-Sikh war</a> broke out in the Punjab, which had recently lost much of its independence to the <a href="/wiki/British_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British East India Company">British East India Company</a> following the <a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Anglo-Sikh War">First Anglo-Sikh War</a>, in April 1848, when the city of <a href="/wiki/Multan" title="Multan">Multan</a> rebelled under <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Mulraj" class="mw-redirect" title="Dewan Mulraj">Dewan Mulraj</a>. The East India Company's Commissioner for the Punjab, <a href="/wiki/Sir_Frederick_Currie,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Frederick Currie, 1st Baronet">Frederick Currie</a>, sent several forces of locally raised troops to help quell the revolt. One of these forces consisted largely of Sikhs, formerly from the <a href="/wiki/Sikh_Khalsa_Army" title="Sikh Khalsa Army">Sikh Khalsa Army</a>, under <a href="/wiki/Sher_Singh_Attariwalla" title="Sher Singh Attariwalla">Sher Singh Attariwalla</a>. Some junior British Political Officers viewed this development with alarm as Sher Singh's father, <a href="/wiki/Chattar_Singh_Attariwalla" title="Chattar Singh Attariwalla">Chattar Singh Attariwalla</a>, was known to be plotting sedition in <a href="/wiki/Hazara_region" title="Hazara region">Hazara</a>, north of the Punjab. </p><p>On 14 September, Sher Singh's army also rebelled. Other than opposition to the British, Mulraj and Sher Singh had no aims in common. Sher Singh decided to move his army north, to join that of Chattar Singh, who had also rebelled. However, some British officers had taken steps to secure vital fortresses. For the time being, Chattar Singh was unable to leave Hazara, as the British held <a href="/wiki/Attock" title="Attock">Attock</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Indus_River" title="Indus River">Indus River</a>, and the passes over the <a href="/wiki/Margalla_Hills" title="Margalla Hills">Margalla Hills</a> separating Hazara from the Punjab. Instead, Sher Singh moved a few miles north and fortified the crossings over the <a href="/wiki/Chenab_River" title="Chenab River">Chenab River</a>, while awaiting events. </p><p>The East India Company responded by announcing their intention to depose the young Maharaja, <a href="/wiki/Duleep_Singh" title="Duleep Singh">Duleep Singh</a>, annexe the Punjab and confiscate the lands of any landholders who joined the revolt.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While an army under Major General Whish resumed the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Multan_(1848-1849)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Multan (1848-1849)">Siege of Multan</a>, the company ordered the formation of an Army of the Punjab under the veteran Commander in Chief, Sir <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gough,_1st_Viscount_Gough" title="Hugh Gough, 1st Viscount Gough">Hugh Gough</a>. However, both Gough and the Governor General, the 37-year-old <a href="/wiki/James_Broun-Ramsay,_1st_Marquess_of_Dalhousie" title="James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie">Lord Dalhousie</a>, delayed operations until after the end of the <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a> season, allowing Sher Singh to gather reinforcements and establish strong positions. Gough took charge of the Army on 21 November. The next day, he attacked Sher Singh's bridgehead on the left bank of the Chenab at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramnagar" title="Battle of Ramnagar">Ramnagar</a> but was repulsed, raising Sikh morale. </p><p>On 1 December, a cavalry division under Major-General <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Thackwell" title="Joseph Thackwell">Joseph Thackwell</a> crossed the Chenab upstream from Ramnagar. Sher Singh advanced against him, resulting in a day-long artillery duel at Sadullapur. Gough meanwhile bombarded the empty Sikh positions at Ramnagar, and postponed a general attack until the next day. During the night, Sher Singh withdrew to the north. Gough then halted, awaiting further instructions from Dalhousie. Early in January 1849, news came that the British had recaptured the city of Multan (although Mulraj still defended the citadel), but also that the Muslim garrison of Attock had defected to Amir <a href="/wiki/Dost_Mohammad_Khan" title="Dost Mohammad Khan">Dost Mohammad Khan</a> of Afghanistan, who was half-heartedly supporting Chattar Singh. The fall of Attock nevertheless allowed Chattar Singh's army to leave Hazara and move south. Dalhousie ordered Gough to seek out and destroy Sher Singh's main army before the Sikh armies could combine, without waiting for reinforcements from the army at Multan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle">Battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Chillianwala&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Chillianwalla.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Battle_of_Chillianwalla.jpg/220px-Battle_of_Chillianwalla.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Battle_of_Chillianwalla.jpg/330px-Battle_of_Chillianwalla.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Battle_of_Chillianwalla.jpg/440px-Battle_of_Chillianwalla.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2702" data-file-height="2301" /></a><figcaption>Map of the battle</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hugh_Gough,_1st_Viscount_Gough_(1779%E2%80%931869).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Hugh_Gough%2C_1st_Viscount_Gough_%281779%E2%80%931869%29.jpg/220px-Hugh_Gough%2C_1st_Viscount_Gough_%281779%E2%80%931869%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Hugh_Gough%2C_1st_Viscount_Gough_%281779%E2%80%931869%29.jpg/330px-Hugh_Gough%2C_1st_Viscount_Gough_%281779%E2%80%931869%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Hugh_Gough%2C_1st_Viscount_Gough_%281779%E2%80%931869%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="374" data-file-height="519" /></a><figcaption>Hugh Gough, 1st Viscount Gough (1779–1869), Oriental Club, Hanover Square, London.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sher_Singh_Attariwalla_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Sher_Singh_Attariwalla_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Sher_Singh_Attariwalla_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Sher_Singh_Attariwalla_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Sher_Singh_Attariwalla_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Sher_Singh_Attariwalla_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="508" /></a><figcaption>Sher Singh Attariwalla</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plaque_erected_in_the_memory_of_Brigadier_John_Pennycuick_and_his_son_Alexender_of_24th_Regiment,_both_of_whom_died_in_Battle_of_Chillianwala_on_18_January_1849_by_Sarah_Pennycuick,_widow_and_mother_of_deceased.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Plaque_erected_in_the_memory_of_Brigadier_John_Pennycuick_and_his_son_Alexender_of_24th_Regiment%2C_both_of_whom_died_in_Battle_of_Chillianwala_on_18_January_1849_by_Sarah_Pennycuick%2C_widow_and_mother_of_deceased.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Plaque_erected_in_the_memory_of_Brigadier_John_Pennycuick_and_his_son_Alexender_of_24th_Regiment%2C_both_of_whom_died_in_Battle_of_Chillianwala_on_18_January_1849_by_Sarah_Pennycuick%2C_widow_and_mother_of_deceased.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Plaque_erected_in_the_memory_of_Brigadier_John_Pennycuick_and_his_son_Alexender_of_24th_Regiment%2C_both_of_whom_died_in_Battle_of_Chillianwala_on_18_January_1849_by_Sarah_Pennycuick%2C_widow_and_mother_of_deceased.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Picture of the plaque erected in St James Church Sialkot Cantonment by Sarah Pennycuick, widow of Brigadier John Pennycuick and mother of Alexander of 24th Regiment, both of whom died in Battle of Chillianwala on 13 January 1849.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 13 January, Gough's army was marching towards the reported Sikh position at <a href="/wiki/Rasul,_Punjab" title="Rasul, Punjab">Rasul</a>, on the left bank of the <a href="/wiki/Jhelum_River" title="Jhelum River">Jhelum River</a>, about 85 miles (137 km) north-west of <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>. At noon, they drove a Sikh outpost out of the village of <a href="/wiki/Chillianwala" title="Chillianwala">Chillianwala</a>. At this point, Gough intended to march round to the north of the Sikh position and attack its left flank on the following day, but from the vantage point of a mound near Chillianwala, it was apparent that the Sikhs had advanced from their original positions along ridges close to the Jhelum. Sher Singh's army had originally occupied a position six miles long, too extended for their numbers and vulnerable to a flank attack such as Gough proposed. By advancing, Sher Singh made a British flank march too risky and forced the British to make a frontal attack.<sup id="cite_ref-defencejournal_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-defencejournal-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was estimated by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Mackeson" title="Frederick Mackeson">Frederick Mackeson</a>, Gough's attached political officer, that Sher Singh's army numbered 23,000 (although most later British historians put it at 30,000 or more), including 5,000 irregular cavalry, with some 60 guns. However after the <a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Anglo-Sikh War">First Anglo-Sikh War</a>, the Khalsa was reduced to 12,000 infantry and 60 guns in total, so some historians have stated the Sikh army could not have been more than 10,000 on the day.<sup id="cite_ref-AHAmin_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHAmin-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Sikh army consisted of three main bodies of troops.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the left under Sher Singh himself were one cavalry regiment, nine infantry battalions, some irregulars and 20 guns, occupying some low hills and ridges. In the centre under Lal Singh were two cavalry regiments, ten infantry battalions and 17 guns, mostly concealed in or behind belts of scrub and jungle. On the right was a brigade which formerly had garrisoned <a href="/wiki/Bannu" title="Bannu">Bannu</a>, consisting of one cavalry regiment, four infantry battalions and eleven guns, anchored on two villages. Other irregulars extended Sher Singh's left flank.<sup id="cite_ref-defencejournal_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-defencejournal-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gough intended to delay the attack until the following day, but as his army prepared to pitch camp, hitherto concealed Sikh artillery opened fire from positions much closer than had been anticipated. Gough later wrote that he feared the Sikhs might bombard his encampments overnight, though some of his officers believed he had merely been stung into hasty action.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gough's army was composed of two infantry divisions, each of two brigades, each in turn of one British and two Bengal Native infantry battalions, with a total of 66 guns from the <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Artillery" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengal Artillery">Bengal Artillery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Horse_Artillery" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengal Horse Artillery">Bengal Horse Artillery</a>. </p><p>The 3rd Division under Sir <a href="/wiki/Colin_Campbell,_1st_Baron_Clyde" title="Colin Campbell, 1st Baron Clyde">Colin Campbell</a>, with two field artillery batteries and three horse artillery troops, was deployed on the left, while the 2nd Division commanded by Major General <a href="/wiki/Sir_Walter_Gilbert" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Walter Gilbert">Sir Walter Gilbert</a> was deployed on the right with a field artillery battery and three horse artillery troops. Gough also had a cavalry division under Major General Joseph Thackwell, but this was split, with one brigade on each flank; Brigadier White's on the left, Brigadier Pope's on the right. Gough deployed two heavy artillery batteries with eight 18-pounder guns and four 8-inch howitzers in the centre. A brigade of Bengal Native troops under Brigadier Penney was in reserve.<sup id="cite_ref-defencejournal_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-defencejournal-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gough ordered the advance to commence at about 3:00 pm. From the outset, the right-hand brigade of Campbell's division, commanded by Brigadier <a href="/wiki/John_Pennycuick_(brigadier)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Pennycuick (brigadier)">Pennycuick</a>, was in difficulties. Because the jungle made it difficult for Campbell to coordinate his two brigades, he assumed personal command of the left hand brigade under Brigadier Hoggan, while ordering Pennycuick to attack with the bayonet. The British regiment of Pennycuick's brigade was the <a href="/wiki/The_South_Wales_Borderers" class="mw-redirect" title="The South Wales Borderers">24th Foot</a>, which had only recently arrived in India. They advanced very rapidly, but lost cohesion and also lost touch with the rest of the brigade in the thick scrub. Trying to attack Sikh guns head-on, they suffered heavily from <a href="/wiki/Grapeshot" title="Grapeshot">grapeshot</a>. When they reached the main Sikh positions, Sikh resistance was desperate and the 24th were driven back. The Queen's colours were lost,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the Sikhs never claimed to have captured them and they were either destroyed or conceivably buried with the officer who had carried them. </p><p>Pennycuick's brigade eventually became completely disorganised and had to make its way back to the start line in small parties. Pennycuick himself was killed. Campbell's left hand brigade (under Brigadier Hoggan and Campbell himself) had greater success. The <a href="/wiki/61st_(South_Gloucestershire)_Regiment_of_Foot" title="61st (South Gloucestershire) Regiment of Foot">61st Foot</a> captured several guns and even an elephant, and Brigadier White's cavalry followed up with an effective charge. Hoggan's troops eventually met the left-hand brigade of Gilbert's division, commanded by Brigadier Mountain, behind the Sikhs' centre positions. On Gough's right however, his troops had met with disaster. While Gilbert's two brigades had at first successfully driven the Sikhs before them, capturing or spiking several guns, on their right flank, Brigadier Pope (who was almost an invalid) first ordered an ineffective cavalry charge through thorn scrub which threw his brigade into confusion, and then panicked and ordered a retreat. One of his British cavalry regiments, the <a href="/wiki/14th_King%27s_Hussars" title="14th King's Hussars">14th Light Dragoons</a>, routed. </p><p>The Sikhs followed up the fleeing cavalry and captured four guns. They then attacked Gilbert's right-hand infantry brigade, commanded by Brigadier Godby, from the rear, forcing him to withdraw under heavy pressure until Penney's reserve brigade came to his aid. By now, darkness was approaching. The Sikhs had been driven from many of their positions with heavy casualties, but were still fighting strongly. With some of his formations rendered ineffective, or having to fight their way out of encirclement, Gough ordered a withdrawal to the start line. Although his units brought back as many wounded as they could, many of them could not be found in the scrub. Many of the abandoned wounded were killed during the night by roving Sikh irregulars. Gough's retreat also allowed the Sikhs to recapture all but twelve of the guns the British had taken earlier in the day. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Chillianwala&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monument_of_the_Battle_of_Chillianwala_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Monument_of_the_Battle_of_Chillianwala_3.jpg/200px-Monument_of_the_Battle_of_Chillianwala_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Monument_of_the_Battle_of_Chillianwala_3.jpg/300px-Monument_of_the_Battle_of_Chillianwala_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Monument_of_the_Battle_of_Chillianwala_3.jpg/400px-Monument_of_the_Battle_of_Chillianwala_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>A monument was erected in memory of the losses sustained by both armies</figcaption></figure> <p>The final losses to Gough's army were 757 killed, 1,651 wounded and 104 missing<sup id="cite_ref-Hernon599_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hernon599-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for a total of 2,512.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A comparatively high proportion of the casualties (almost 1,000) were British rather than Indian. This was mainly a result of the disaster which befell the 24th Foot, which suffered 590 casualties, over 50 per cent of its strength. Sikh casualties were estimated at 4,000 in total.<sup id="cite_ref-1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An <a href="/wiki/Obelisk" title="Obelisk">obelisk</a> later erected at Chillianwalla by the British government preserves the names of the European and native officers who fell in the battle.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both armies held their positions at the end of the battle, and claimed a victory.<sup id="cite_ref-AHAmin_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHAmin-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heavy rain set in, discouraging both armies from renewing the battle. Some at least of Chattar Singh's army from Attock joined Sher Singh at Rasul.<sup id="cite_ref-britishbattles.com_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britishbattles.com-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since it had been the British aim to prevent these two Sikh armies from joining, this was a distinct British setback. The British withdrew three days after the battle ended. The Sikhs claimed that they forced the British to retreat, but Gough had actually withdrawn due to the rains which separated the two armies.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the Sikhs were unable to find sufficient food in the area and Sher Singh, who commanded the combined Sikh armies, also withdrew to the north. Since the Sikhs disengaged first, the British claimed the victory,<sup id="cite_ref-AHAmin_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHAmin-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although they admitted that the Sikhs missed an opportunity to gain a victory.<sup id="cite_ref-britishbattles.com_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britishbattles.com-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the repulse of the British, together with the loss of several guns and the colours of the 24th and two other regiments, and the rout of the 14th Light Dragoons, dealt a blow to British morale and is testament to the tenacity and martial skill of the Sikh army. A testimony left by a British observer says: </p> <blockquote><p>The Sikhs fought like devils, fierce and untamed... Such a mass of men I never set eyes on and as plucky as lions: they ran right on the bayonets and struck their assailants when they were transfixed.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Two later editorials by the military historian Major A.H. Amin stated: </p> <blockquote><p>At Chillianwala a British Army which had a high European troop component, a large number of Sepoy (regiments), sufficient artillery, two heavy cavalry brigades to ensure that no one could surprise the British army, excellent logistics, little campaign exhaustion having fought no major battle since assumption of hostilities... failed to defeat the Sikhs... The Battle of Chillianwala fought on 13 January 1849 is, however, one odd exception and stands out as a battle in which the British failed to defeat their opponents despite having the advantages of weight of numbers (<a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a>), ideal weather and terrain, superior logistics etc.<sup id="cite_ref-defencejournal_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-defencejournal-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p> Gough was criticised for his handling of the battle, was relieved of command and superseded by General <a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Napier" title="Charles James Napier">Charles James Napier</a>. Before Napier could arrive from England to take over command, Gough had fought the decisive <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gujrat" title="Battle of Gujrat">Battle of Goojerat</a> (or Gujrat, Gujerat). The loss of British prestige at Chillianwala was one of the factors which contributed to the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion of 1857</a> some nine years later. However, the Sikh soldiers recruited into the East India Company's Bengal Army and Punjab Irregular Force remained loyal to Britain and helped crush the rebellion.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Revolt of 1857</a> Hindu poet Prakashanth Das wrote a short poem in Hindi-</p><blockquote><p><i>"हाल ही में मैंने रंग-बिरंगे कपड़े पहने हजारों सैनिकों को क्षितिज में बिना म्यान के तलवारें लहराते हुए देखा। हनुमान का एक लाल झंडा उठा और झाँसी की सेना रो पड़ी और चिल्लाई "चिल्लनवाला याद करो।"</i></p></blockquote> <p>Roughly translated it states: </p> <blockquote><p>Recently I saw a thousands of troops clothed in colorful cloth, with swords unsheathed charging into the horizon. A red banner of Hanuman rose and the army of Jhansi cried and screamed "Remember Chillanwala."</p></blockquote> <p>This even influenced the Namdhari Revolt of 1871 and Ram Kuka many times talked about the Battle of Chillianwala. Within the British Army, such was the consternation over the events at Chillianwala that, after the disastrous <a href="/wiki/Charge_of_the_Light_Brigade" title="Charge of the Light Brigade">Charge of the Light Brigade</a>, when <a href="/wiki/George_Bingham,_3rd_Earl_of_Lucan" title="George Bingham, 3rd Earl of Lucan">Lord Lucan</a> remarked "This is a most serious matter", General <a href="/wiki/Richard_Airey,_1st_Baron_Airey" title="Richard Airey, 1st Baron Airey">Richard Airey</a> replied, "These sort of things will happen in war. It is nothing to Chillianwala."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Order_of_battle">Order of battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Chillianwala&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Order of battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_Army">British Army</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Chillianwala&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: British Army"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3rd_The_King%27s_Own_Hussars" title="3rd The King's Own Hussars">3rd King's Own Light Dragoons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Queen%27s_Royal_Lancers" title="9th Queen's Royal Lancers">9th Queen's Royal Light Dragoons (Lancers)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_King%27s_Hussars" title="14th King's Hussars">14th the King's Light Dragoons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24th_Foot" class="mw-redirect" title="24th Foot">24th Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29th_Foot" class="mw-redirect" title="29th Foot">29th Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/61st_Foot" class="mw-redirect" title="61st Foot">61st Foot</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bengal_Army">Bengal Army</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Chillianwala&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bengal Army"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Bengal_Light_Cavalry" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Bengal Light Cavalry">1st Bengal Light Cavalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Bengal_Light_Cavalry" title="5th Bengal Light Cavalry">5th Bengal Light Cavalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Bengal_Light_Cavalry" class="mw-redirect" title="6th Bengal Light Cavalry">6th Bengal Light Cavalry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Bengal_Light_Cavalry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="9th Bengal Light Cavalry (page does not exist)">9th Bengal Light Cavalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Bengal_Fusiliers" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Bengal Fusiliers">2nd Bengal (European) Light Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=6th_Bengal_Native_Infantry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6th Bengal Native Infantry (page does not exist)">6th Bengal Native Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_Bengal_Native_Infantry" class="mw-redirect" title="15th Bengal Native Infantry">15th Bengal Native Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Bengal_Native_Infantry" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Bengal Native Infantry">20th Bengal Native Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25th_Bengal_Native_Infantry" class="mw-redirect" title="25th Bengal Native Infantry">25th Bengal Native Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30th_Bengal_Native_Infantry" class="mw-redirect" title="30th Bengal Native Infantry">30th Bengal Native Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/31st_Bengal_Native_Infantry" class="mw-redirect" title="31st Bengal Native Infantry">31st Bengal Native Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=36th_Bengal_Native_Infantry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="36th Bengal Native Infantry (page does not exist)">36th Bengal Native Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=45th_Bengal_Native_Infantry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="45th Bengal Native Infantry (page does not exist)">45th Bengal Native Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/46th_Bengal_Native_Infantry" class="mw-redirect" title="46th Bengal Native Infantry">46th Bengal Native Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/56th_Bengal_Native_Infantry" class="mw-redirect" title="56th Bengal Native Infantry">56th Bengal Native Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/69th_Bengal_Native_Infantry" class="mw-redirect" title="69th Bengal Native Infantry">69th Bengal Native Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/70th_Bengal_Native_Infantry" class="mw-redirect" title="70th Bengal Native Infantry">70th Bengal Native Infantry</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Chillianwala&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Chillianwallah._Charge_of_H_M_24th_Regiment_through_jungle_and_water,_13_January_1849.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Battle of Chillianwallah. Charge of H M 24th Regiment through jungle and water, 13 January 1849."><img alt="Battle of Chillianwallah. Charge of H M 24th Regiment through jungle and water, 13 January 1849." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Battle_of_Chillianwallah._Charge_of_H_M_24th_Regiment_through_jungle_and_water%2C_13_January_1849.jpg/120px-Battle_of_Chillianwallah._Charge_of_H_M_24th_Regiment_through_jungle_and_water%2C_13_January_1849.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Battle_of_Chillianwallah._Charge_of_H_M_24th_Regiment_through_jungle_and_water%2C_13_January_1849.jpg/180px-Battle_of_Chillianwallah._Charge_of_H_M_24th_Regiment_through_jungle_and_water%2C_13_January_1849.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Battle_of_Chillianwallah._Charge_of_H_M_24th_Regiment_through_jungle_and_water%2C_13_January_1849.jpg/240px-Battle_of_Chillianwallah._Charge_of_H_M_24th_Regiment_through_jungle_and_water%2C_13_January_1849.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="738" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Battle of Chillianwallah. Charge of H M 24th Regiment through jungle and water, 13 January 1849.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Charge_of_the_3rd_King%27s_Own_Light_Dragoons_at_the_Battle_of_Chillienwallah,_13_January_1849.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Charge of the 3rd King's Own Light Dragoons at the Battle of Chillienwallah, 13 January 1849."><img alt="Charge of the 3rd King's Own Light Dragoons at the Battle of Chillienwallah, 13 January 1849." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Charge_of_the_3rd_King%27s_Own_Light_Dragoons_at_the_Battle_of_Chillienwallah%2C_13_January_1849.jpg/120px-Charge_of_the_3rd_King%27s_Own_Light_Dragoons_at_the_Battle_of_Chillienwallah%2C_13_January_1849.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Charge_of_the_3rd_King%27s_Own_Light_Dragoons_at_the_Battle_of_Chillienwallah%2C_13_January_1849.jpg/180px-Charge_of_the_3rd_King%27s_Own_Light_Dragoons_at_the_Battle_of_Chillienwallah%2C_13_January_1849.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Charge_of_the_3rd_King%27s_Own_Light_Dragoons_at_the_Battle_of_Chillienwallah%2C_13_January_1849.jpg/240px-Charge_of_the_3rd_King%27s_Own_Light_Dragoons_at_the_Battle_of_Chillienwallah%2C_13_January_1849.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="747" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Charge of the 3rd King's Own Light Dragoons at the Battle of Chillienwallah, 13 January 1849.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Chillianwala&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Sadler44-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sadler44_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sadler, p.44</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSinghRai2008" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Patwant; Rai, Jyoti M. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vr4VAQAAIAAJ"><i>Empire of the Sikhs: The Life and Times of Maharaja Ranjit Singh</i></a>. Peter Owen. p. 257. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7206-1323-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7206-1323-0"><bdi>978-0-7206-1323-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Empire+of+the+Sikhs%3A+The+Life+and+Times+of+Maharaja+Ranjit+Singh&rft.pages=257&rft.pub=Peter+Owen&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7206-1323-0&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Patwant&rft.au=Rai%2C+Jyoti+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVr4VAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Chillianwala" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-roy-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-roy_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-roy_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoy2011" class="citation book cs1">Roy, Kaushik (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y--vcQAACAAJ"><i>War, Culture, and Society in Early Modern South Asia, 1740–1849</i></a>. Routledge. pp. 161–162. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-58767-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-58767-9"><bdi>978-0-415-58767-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War%2C+Culture%2C+and+Society+in+Early+Modern+South+Asia%2C+1740%E2%80%931849&rft.pages=161-162&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-415-58767-9&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=Kaushik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dy--vcQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Chillianwala" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Farwell, p.58</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Chillianwalla"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chillianwalla">"Chillianwalla" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 161–162.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chillianwalla&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=161-162&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Chillianwala" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heath42-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Heath42_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heath, p.42</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AHAmin-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AHAmin_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHAmin_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHAmin_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHAmin_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orbat.com/site/history/historical/uk/chillianwala1849.html">Major A. H. Amin (retd.) Orbat.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071007165716/http://orbat.com/site/history/historical/uk/chillianwala1849.html">Archived</a> 7 October 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hernon, p.583</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-defencejournal-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-defencejournal_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-defencejournal_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-defencejournal_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-defencejournal_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defencejournal.com/2000/july/chillianwala.htm">A. H. Amin, defencejournal.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080216224904/http://www.defencejournal.com/2000/july/chillianwala.htm">Archived</a> 16 February 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Farwell, pp.53–54</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hernon, p.594</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hernon, p.596</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hernon599-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hernon599_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hernon, p.599</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Farwell, p.58</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandys1915" class="citation journal cs1">Sandys, Lt. Col. W.B.R. (1915). "A Visit to the Battlefields of Chillianwala and Gujrat". <i>Journal of the Royal Artillery</i>. <b>XLII</b> (4): 197–205.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Artillery&rft.atitle=A+Visit+to+the+Battlefields+of+Chillianwala+and+Gujrat&rft.volume=XLII&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=197-205&rft.date=1915&rft.aulast=Sandys&rft.aufirst=Lt.+Col.+W.B.R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Chillianwala" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh1966" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Khushwant (1966). <i>A History Of The Sikhs, Vol. 2: 1839–1964</i>. Princeton University Press. p. 79. <q>Chillianwala was the worst defeat suffered by the British since their occupation of India.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+Of+The+Sikhs%2C+Vol.+2%3A+1839%E2%80%931964&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Khushwant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Chillianwala" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britishbattles.com-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-britishbattles.com_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britishbattles.com_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishbattles.com/second-sikh-war/battle-of-chillianwallah/">"Battle of Chillianwallah"</a>. <i>BritishBattles.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BritishBattles.com&rft.atitle=Battle+of+Chillianwallah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishbattles.com%2Fsecond-sikh-war%2Fbattle-of-chillianwallah%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Chillianwala" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh1999" class="citation web cs1">Singh, Satyindra (6 March 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99mar06/saturday/head2.htm">"The battle that shook the British empire"</a>. <i>www.tribuneindia.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.tribuneindia.com&rft.atitle=The+battle+that+shook+the+British+empire&rft.date=1999-03-06&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Satyindra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribuneindia.com%2F1999%2F99mar06%2Fsaturday%2Fhead2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Chillianwala" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020113/edit.htm">When fate & destiny conspired against Sikhs’ victory – The Tribune, Chandigarh, India</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUNREGISTERED" class="citation web cs1">UNREGISTERED. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.educationforum.co.uk/KS3_2/mut.htm">"The Indian Mutiny"</a>. <i>www.educationforum.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.educationforum.co.uk&rft.atitle=The+Indian+Mutiny&rft.au=UNREGISTERED&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.educationforum.co.uk%2FKS3_2%2Fmut.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Chillianwala" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Sikhs and the Sikh Wars <i>General Sir Charles Gough</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Woodham-Smith, p. 257</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Chillianwala&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chillianwalla" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Chillianwalla">Chillianwalla</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 161–162.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chillianwalla&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=161-162&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Chillianwala" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Allen_(writer)" title="Charles Allen (writer)">Allen, Charles</a> (2000). <i>Soldier Sahibs</i>. Abacus. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-349-11456-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-349-11456-0"><bdi>0-349-11456-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Soldier+Sahibs&rft.pub=Abacus&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-349-11456-0&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Chillianwala" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarwell1973" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Byron_Farwell" title="Byron Farwell">Farwell, Byron</a> (1973). <i>Queen Victoria's Little Wars</i>. Wordsworth Military Library. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84022-216-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-84022-216-6"><bdi>1-84022-216-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Queen+Victoria%27s+Little+Wars&rft.pub=Wordsworth+Military+Library&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=1-84022-216-6&rft.aulast=Farwell&rft.aufirst=Byron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Chillianwala" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeath2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ian_Heath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ian Heath (page does not exist)">Heath, Ian</a> (2005). <i>The Sikh Army, 1799–1849</i>. London: Osprey Publishing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sikh+Army%2C+1799%E2%80%931849&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Heath&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Chillianwala" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHernon2002" class="citation book cs1">Hernon, Ian (2002). <i>Britain's Forgotten Wars</i>. Sutton Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7509-3162-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7509-3162-0"><bdi>0-7509-3162-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain%27s+Forgotten+Wars&rft.pub=Sutton+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-7509-3162-0&rft.aulast=Hernon&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Chillianwala" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolmes2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Holmes_(military_historian)" title="Richard Holmes (military historian)">Holmes, Richard</a> (2002). <i>Redcoat: The British soldier in the Age of Horse and Musket</i>. London: HarperCollins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-00-653152-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-00-653152-0"><bdi>0-00-653152-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Redcoat%3A+The+British+soldier+in+the+Age+of+Horse+and+Musket&rft.place=London&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-00-653152-0&rft.aulast=Holmes&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Chillianwala" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeay2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Keay" title="John Keay">Keay, John</a> (2000). <i>India: A History</i>. New York: HarperCollins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-638784-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-638784-8"><bdi>978-0-00-638784-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India%3A+A+History&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-00-638784-8&rft.aulast=Keay&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Chillianwala" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSadler2002" class="citation book cs1">Sadler, Stanley (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L_xxOM85bD8C&q=battle+of+ramnagar+sikh+army+30,000&pg=PA44"><i>Ground warfare: an international encyclopedia, Volume 1</i></a> (illustrated ed.). ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-344-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-344-5"><bdi>978-1-57607-344-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ground+warfare%3A+an+international+encyclopedia%2C+Volume+1&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-344-5&rft.aulast=Sadler&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL_xxOM85bD8C%26q%3Dbattle%2Bof%2Bramnagar%2Bsikh%2Barmy%2B30%2C000%26pg%3DPA44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Chillianwala" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodham-Smith1960" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Woodham-Smith" title="Cecil Woodham-Smith">Woodham-Smith, Cecil</a> (1960). <i>The Reason Why</i>. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Reason+Why&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=E.+P.+Dutton+%26+Co.&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Woodham-Smith&rft.aufirst=Cecil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Chillianwala" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Chillianwala&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070227214839/http://www.britishbattles.com/second-sikh-war/chillianwallah.htm">BritishBattles.com</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Military<br />conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mughal-Sikh_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal-Sikh Wars">Mughal-Sikh Wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bhangani" title="Battle of Bhangani">Battle of Bhangani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nadaun" title="Battle of Nadaun">Nadaun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Basoli" title="Battle of Basoli">Basoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Anandpur" class="mw-redirect" title="First Battle of Anandpur">1st Anandpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Anandpur" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Battle of Anandpur">2nd Anandpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chamkaur_(1704)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Chamkaur (1704)">Chamkaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarsa" title="Battle of Sarsa">Sarsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Muktsar" title="Battle of Muktsar">Muktsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sonepat" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Sonepat">Sonepat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Samana" title="Battle of Samana">Samana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sirhind" title="Siege of Sirhind">Sirhind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sadhaura" title="Battle of Sadhaura">Sadhaura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chappar_Chiri" title="Battle of Chappar Chiri">Chappar Chiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rahon_(1710)" title="Battle of Rahon (1710)">Rahon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lohgarh" title="Battle of Lohgarh">Lohgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jalalabad_(1710)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Jalalabad (1710)">Jalalabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jammu" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Jammu">Jammu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gurdas_Nangal" title="Battle of Gurdas Nangal">Gurdas Nangal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Delhi_(1783)" title="Battle of Delhi (1783)">Delhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Afghan%E2%80%93Sikh_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan–Sikh wars">Afghan–Sikh wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Attock" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Attock">Battle of Attock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Multan" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Multan">Battle of Multan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shopian" title="Battle of Shopian">Battle of Shopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nowshera" title="Battle of Nowshera">Battle of Nowshera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Peshawar_(1834)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Peshawar (1834)">Battle of Peshawar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jamrud" title="Battle of Jamrud">Battle of Jamrud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Anglo-Sikh War">First Anglo-Sikh War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mudki" title="Battle of Mudki">Battle of Mudki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ferozeshah" title="Battle of Ferozeshah">Battle of Ferozeshah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aliwal" title="Battle of Aliwal">Battle of Aliwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sobraon" title="Battle of Sobraon">Battle of Sobraon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Anglo-Sikh War">Second Anglo-Sikh War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramnagar" title="Battle of Ramnagar">Battle of Ramnagar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Battle of Chillianwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Multan_(1848%E2%80%931849)" title="Siege of Multan (1848–1849)">Siege of Multan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gujrat" title="Battle of Gujrat">Battle of Gujrat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Nepal%E2%80%93Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepal–Sikh War">Nepal–Sikh War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dogra%E2%80%93Tibetan_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogra–Tibetan War">Sino-Sikh war</a>, Katoch–Sikh War, <a href="/wiki/Hill_States%E2%80%93Sikh_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Hill States–Sikh Wars">Hill States–Sikh Wars</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Panchayati_Revolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panchayati Revolution (page does not exist)">Panchayati Revolution</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_involving_the_Sikh_Empire" title="List of battles involving the Sikh Empire">List of battles involving the Sikh Empire</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Military forces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Khalsa_Army" title="Sikh Khalsa Army">Sikh Khalsa Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauj-i-Khas" title="Fauj-i-Khas">Fauj-i-Khas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauj-i-Ain" title="Fauj-i-Ain">Fauj-i-Ain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampu-i-mu%27alla" title="Kampu-i-mu'alla">Kampu-i-mu'alla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Adversaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Afghanistan" title="Emirate of Afghanistan">Emirate of Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">British East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal" title="Kingdom of Nepal">Kingdom of Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_States_of_India" title="Hill States of India">Hill States Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mankera" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Mankera">Kingdom of Mankera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namgyal_dynasty_of_Ladakh" title="Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh">Namgyal dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barakzai_dynasty" title="Barakzai dynasty">Barakzai dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudhan" title="Sudhan">Sudhans</a> of Poonch</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maqpon_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Maqpon Dynasty">Maqpon Dynasty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Forts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamrud_Fort" title="Jamrud Fort">Jamrud Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multan_Fort" title="Multan Fort">Multan Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harkishangarh" class="mw-redirect" title="Harkishangarh">Harkishangarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Fort" title="Lahore Fort">Lahore Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zorawar_Fort" title="Zorawar Fort">Zorawar Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahu_Fort" title="Bahu Fort">Bahu Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gobindgarh_Fort" title="Gobindgarh Fort">Gobindgarh Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillaur_Fort" title="Phillaur Fort">Phillaur Fort</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Officials and warriors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Natives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhian_Singh" title="Dhian Singh">Dhian Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwan_Dina_Nath" title="Diwan Dina Nath">Diwan Dina Nath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwan_Bhawani_Das" title="Diwan Bhawani Das">Diwan Bhawani Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwan_Buta_Singh" title="Diwan Buta Singh">Diwan Buta Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratap_Singh_(Sikh_prince)" title="Pratap Singh (Sikh prince)">Pratap Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misr_Diwan_Chand" title="Misr Diwan Chand">Misr Diwan Chand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwan_Mulraj_Chopra" title="Diwan Mulraj Chopra">Diwan Mulraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hari_Singh_Nalwa" title="Hari Singh Nalwa">Hari Singh Nalwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahan_Singh_Mirpuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahan Singh Mirpuri">Mahan Singh Mirpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Mokham_Chand" title="Dewan Mokham Chand">Dewan Mokham Chand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khushal_Singh_Jamadar" title="Khushal Singh Jamadar">Khushal Singh Jamadar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zorawar_Singh_(Dogra_general)" title="Zorawar Singh (Dogra general)">Zorawar Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tej_Singh" title="Tej Singh">Tej Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Singh" title="Lal Singh">Lal Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulab_Singh" title="Gulab Singh">Gulab Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balbhadra_Kunwar" title="Balbhadra Kunwar">Balbhadra Kunwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawahar_Singh_(wazir)" title="Jawahar Singh (wazir)">Jawahar Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehta_Basti_Ram" title="Mehta Basti Ram">Mehta Basti Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sham_Singh_Attariwalla" class="mw-redirect" title="Sham Singh Attariwalla">Sham Singh Attariwalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sher_Singh_Attariwalla" title="Sher Singh Attariwalla">Sher Singh Attariwalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chattar_Singh_Attariwalla" title="Chattar Singh Attariwalla">Chattar Singh Attariwalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desa_Singh_Majithia" title="Desa Singh Majithia">Desa Singh Majithia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amar_Singh_Majithia" title="Amar Singh Majithia">Amar Singh Majithia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehna_Singh_Majithia" title="Lehna Singh Majithia">Lehna Singh Majithia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjodh_Singh_Majithia" title="Ranjodh Singh Majithia">Ranjodh Singh Majithia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surat_Singh" title="Surat Singh">Surat Singh Majithia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangal_Singh_Ramgarhia" title="Mangal Singh Ramgarhia">Mangal Singh Ramgarhia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akali_Phula_Singh" title="Akali Phula Singh">Akali Phula Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandu_Lal" title="Chandu Lal">Chandu Lal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajit_Singh_Sandhawalia" title="Ajit Singh Sandhawalia">Ajit Singh Sandhawalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahan_Singh_Nakai" title="Kahan Singh Nakai">Kahan Singh Nakai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangat_Singh_Saini" title="Sangat Singh Saini">Sangat Singh Saini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardar_Hukma_Singh" title="Sardar Hukma Singh">Hukma Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veer_Singh_Dhillon" title="Veer Singh Dhillon">Veer Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarnail_Ghaus_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Jarnail Ghaus Khan">Jarnail Ghaus Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilahi_Bakhsh" title="Ilahi Bakhsh">Ilahi Bakhsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakir_Azizuddin" title="Fakir Azizuddin">Fakir Azizuddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Mahmud_Khan" title="Sultan Mahmud Khan">Sultan Mahmud Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_Fateh_Khan_Tiwana" title="Malik Fateh Khan Tiwana">Malik Fateh Khan Tiwana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sohan_Lal_Suri" title="Sohan Lal Suri">Sohan Lal Suri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moti_Ram" title="Moti Ram">Moti Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwan_Ram_Dayal" title="Diwan Ram Dayal">Diwan Ram Dayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwan_Kirpa_Ram" title="Diwan Kirpa Ram">Diwan Kirpa Ram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Foreigners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Allard" title="Jean-François Allard">Jean-François Allard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Ventura" title="Jean-Baptiste Ventura">Jean-Baptiste Ventura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Auguste_Court" title="Claude Auguste Court">Claude Auguste Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Henri_Mouton" title="François Henri Mouton">François Henri Mouton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Gardner_(soldier)" title="Alexander Gardner (soldier)">Alexander Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Avitabile" title="Paolo Avitabile">Paolo Avitabile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Harlan" title="Josiah Harlan">Josiah Harlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Martin_Honigberger" title="Johann Martin Honigberger">Johann Martin Honigberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Lawrence_(Indian_Army_officer)" title="Henry Lawrence (Indian Army officer)">Henry Lawrence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Influential families</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sandhawalia" title="Sandhawalia">Sandhawalia family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majithia_family" title="Majithia family">Majithia family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiwana_family_of_Shahpur" title="Tiwana family of Shahpur">Tiwana family</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amritsar_(1809)" title="Treaty of Amritsar (1809)">Treaty of Amritsar (1809)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Treaty_(1838)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tripartite Treaty (1838)">Tripartite Treaty (1838)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Chushul" title="Treaty of Chushul">Treaty of Chushul (1842)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lahore" title="Treaty of Lahore">Treaty of Lahore (1846)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amritsar_(1846)" title="Treaty of Amritsar (1846)">Treaty of Amritsar (1846)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khalsa_Darbar_records" title="Khalsa Darbar records">Khalsa Darbar records</a></li></ul> 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