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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festival_calendar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Festival calendar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festival_calendar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civil_calendar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_calendar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>Civil calendar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_calendar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boeotian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boeotian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Boeotian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boeotian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corinthian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corinthian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Corinthian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corinthian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cretan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cretan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Cretan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cretan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Delphic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Delphic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Delphic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Delphic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Elian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Epidaurian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Epidaurian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Epidaurian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Epidaurian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Laconian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Laconian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>Laconian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Laconian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Locris" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Locris"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11</span> <span>Locris</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Locris-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Skarpheia_months" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skarpheia_months"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11.1</span> <span>Skarpheia months</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skarpheia_months-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thronion_months" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thronion_months"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11.2</span> <span>Thronion months</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thronion_months-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ozolian_Locris_ordinal_months" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ozolian_Locris_ordinal_months"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11.3</span> <span>Ozolian Locris ordinal months</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ozolian_Locris_ordinal_months-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Macedonian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Macedonian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.12</span> <span>Macedonian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Macedonian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rhodian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rhodian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.13</span> <span>Rhodian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rhodian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sicilian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sicilian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.14</span> <span>Sicilian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sicilian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thessalian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thessalian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.15</span> <span>Thessalian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thessalian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transliteration_key" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transliteration_key"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Transliteration key</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transliteration_key-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span 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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9" title="التقاويم اليونانية القديمة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="التقاويم اليونانية القديمة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%8A%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Древногръцки календар – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Древногръцки календар" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendari_hel%C2%B7l%C3%A8nic" title="Calendari hel·lènic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Calendari hel·lènic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griechischer_Kalender" title="Griechischer Kalender – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Griechischer Kalender" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC_%CE%97%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Αρχαία Ελληνικά Ημερολόγια – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αρχαία Ελληνικά Ημερολόγια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendario_hel%C3%A9nico" title="Calendario helénico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Calendario helénico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="گاه‌شماری یونانی باستان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گاه‌شماری یونانی باستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendrier_grec" title="Calendrier grec – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Calendrier grec" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%8C%80_%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%EB%A0%A5" title="고대 그리스력 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="고대 그리스력" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalender_Yunani_Kuno" title="Kalender Yunani Kuno – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kalender Yunani Kuno" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AB%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AB%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ძველბერძნული კალენდარი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ძველბერძნული კალენდარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Старогрчки календар – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Старогрчки календар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E3%82%AE%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E6%9A%A6" title="古代ギリシア暦 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="古代ギリシア暦" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greske_kalendre" title="Greske kalendre – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Greske kalendre" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalendarz_starogrecki" title="Kalendarz starogrecki – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kalendarz starogrecki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendarul_elen_antic" title="Calendarul elen antic – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Calendarul elen antic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Древнегреческий календарь – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Древнегреческий календарь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Хеленски календар – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хеленски календар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helenski_kalendar" title="Helenski kalendar – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Helenski kalendar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiikin_kreikkalainen_kalenteri" title="Antiikin kreikkalainen kalenteri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Antiikin kreikkalainen kalenteri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96" title="Давньогрецькі календарі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Давньогрецькі календарі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2738499#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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early as the time of <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, appear to have been familiar with the division of the year into the twelve <a href="/wiki/Lunar_months" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar months">lunar months</a> but no intercalary month <i>Embolimos</i> or day is then mentioned, with twelve months of 354 days.<sup id="cite_ref-Philip-1921-Caldr_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Philip-1921-Caldr-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Independent of the division of a month into days, it was divided into periods according to the increase and decrease of the moon. Each of the city-states in ancient Greece had their own calendar that was based on the cycle of the moon, but also the various religious festivals that occurred throughout the year.<sup id="cite_ref-Sachs-2015-EncAncGrkWrld_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sachs-2015-EncAncGrkWrld-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Greeks considered each day of the month to be attributed to a different entity, such as the seventh day of each month being dedicated to Apollo.<sup id="cite_ref-Sachs-2015-EncAncGrkWrld_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sachs-2015-EncAncGrkWrld-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The month in which the year began, as well as the names of the months, differed among the states, and in some parts even no names existed for the months, as they were distinguished only numerically, as the first, second, third, fourth month, etc. Another way that scholars kept time was referred to as the Olympiad. This meant that the Olympic Games had just occurred and according to the four-year span, the games would not be held for another three years.<sup id="cite_ref-Sachs-2015-EncAncGrkWrld_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sachs-2015-EncAncGrkWrld-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of primary importance for the reconstruction of the regional Greek calendars is the calendar of <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a>, because of the numerous documents found there recording the <a href="/wiki/Manumission" title="Manumission">manumission</a> of slaves, many of which are dated both in the Delphian and in a regional calendar. </p><p>It was not until the second century BCE that the ancient Greek calendars adopted a numerical system for naming months.<sup id="cite_ref-Hannah-2005-GrkRmnCal_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hannah-2005-GrkRmnCal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is theorized that this was more for uniformity across the regions than to secularize the calendar.<sup id="cite_ref-Hannah-2005-GrkRmnCal_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hannah-2005-GrkRmnCal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The newly numerical calendars were also created in regions federated from the leagues of Phokis, Ozolian Locris, and Akhaia.<sup id="cite_ref-Hannah-2005-GrkRmnCal_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hannah-2005-GrkRmnCal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Below are fifteen regions of the ancient Greek world and the corresponding information of the yearly calendar. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Calendars_by_region">Calendars by region</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_calendars&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Calendars by region"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Cleanup-lang plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article should <b>specify the language</b> of its non-English content, using <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Lang" title="Template:Lang">lang</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Transliteration" title="Template:Transliteration">transliteration</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> for transliterated languages, and <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:IPA" title="Template:IPA">IPA</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_ISO_639_codes" title="Lists of ISO 639 codes">ISO 639 code</a>. Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_multilingual_support_templates" title="Category:Wikipedia multilingual support templates">multilingual support templates</a> may also be used.<span class="hide-when-compact"> <a href="/wiki/Template:Lang#Rationale" title="Template:Lang">See why</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the following tables the month names used in each Greek-speaking city are laid out with Athenian Greek letters (not necessarily how they were spelled in the city they were used in) transliterated into English letters, and with a leading ordinal number column. The ordinal column is mostly for reference, and should not be read too literally: Different cities started their calendar year at different points in the solar year, and the month-numbers do not (necessarily) reflect the start date, which for some cities is not known. Not all of the calendars are equally well-known, and confidence and uncertainties are discussed under individual headings, below. Calendars changed from time-to-time and from city-state to city-state on an irregular basis, sometimes for <a href="/wiki/Intercalation_(timekeeping)" title="Intercalation (timekeeping)">intercalation</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aetolian">Aetolian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_calendars&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Aetolian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The months of the Aetolian calendar have been presented by Daux (1932) based on arguments by Nititsky (1901) based on synchronisms in manumission documents found at Delphi (dated to the 2nd century BCE).<sup id="cite_ref-Samuel-1972-ClssAntq_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Samuel-1972-ClssAntq-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The intercalary month was <i>Dios</i>, attested as <i>Dios embolimos</i> in SEG SVI 344, equivalent to Delphian <i>Poitropoios ho deuteros</i>. The month <i>Boukatios</i> corresponds to Delphian <i>Daidaphorios</i>, while Delphian <i>Boukatios</i> is Aetolian <i>Panamos</i>. There has been no argument to dispute the order of months, so the months found by scholars are agreed upon to be the most likely for the time. Unfortunately, there is no convenient table that describes the synchronisms, as one inscription is given for all the months. The only month to have a singular document describing it is the eleventh month, in comparison to the other numerous documents for the rest of the calendar. The Aetolian calendar was used across the League, and additionally, one could find the Aetolian calendar in use across western central Greece until the league dissolved circa the second century BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-Samuel-1972-ClssAntq_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Samuel-1972-ClssAntq-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Translit-note_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Translit-note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>Lunar months at <a href="/wiki/Aetolia" title="Aetolia">Aetolia</a></b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>  1  </td> <td>Prokúklios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Προκύκλιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  2</td> <td>Athanaíos</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ἀθαναίος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  3</td> <td>Boukátios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Βουκάτιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  4</td> <td>Diós</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Διός </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  5</td> <td>Euthaíos</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ἑυθυαίος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  6</td> <td>Homolṓios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ὁμολώιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  7</td> <td>Hermaíos</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ἑρμαίος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  8</td> <td>Dionúsios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Διονύσιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  9</td> <td>Agúeios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ἀγύειος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>Hippodrómios  </td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ἱπποδρόμιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>Laphraíos</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Λαφραίος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td>Pánamos</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Πάναμος </span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Argolian">Argolian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_calendars&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Argolian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>Lunar months at <a href="/wiki/Argos,_Peloponnese" title="Argos, Peloponnese">Argos</a></b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>  1</td> <td>Ermaíos</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ἐρμαίος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  2</td> <td>Agios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ἄγιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  3</td> <td>Ardios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ἄρδιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  4</td> <td>Gamos</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Γαμος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  5</td> <td>Erithaíeos</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ἐριθαίεος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  6</td> <td>Pánamos</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Πάναμος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  7</td> <td>Téleos</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Τέλεος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  8</td> <td>Kárneios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Κάρνειος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  9</td> <td>Agriánios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ἀγριάνιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>Ardamítēs</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ἀρδαμίτης </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11  </td> <td>Amúklaios  </td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ἀμύκλαιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td>Ampenaíos</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ἀμπεναίος </span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attic">Attic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_calendars&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Attic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Attic_calendar" title="Attic calendar">Attic calendar</a></div><p>The Attic calendar, otherwise known as the Athenian calendar, is one of the best known regions today. There are numerous articles that can detail what the months are named and how the calendar came to be attested. The Attic calendar consisted of twelve months and twenty-nine to thirty days, much like the calendar now.<sup id="cite_ref-Sachs-2015-EncAncGrkWrld_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sachs-2015-EncAncGrkWrld-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Occasionally, the Attic calendar would be thirteen months and have an intercalary year to keep the festivals aligned with the differing seasons.<sup id="cite_ref-Sachs-2015-EncAncGrkWrld_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sachs-2015-EncAncGrkWrld-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, the Attic calendar created extra days to have the festivals align with the lunar cycle.<sup id="cite_ref-Sachs-2015-EncAncGrkWrld_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sachs-2015-EncAncGrkWrld-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Festival_calendar">Festival calendar</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_calendars&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Festival calendar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the festival version of the calendar, the months were named after the chief of the festival that corresponded to the lunar cycle.<sup id="cite_ref-Planeaux-2015-AthCldr_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Planeaux-2015-AthCldr-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The years were also named after the Archon who had served that year (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Eponymous_archon" title="Eponymous archon">Eponymos Archon</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Planeaux-2015-AthCldr_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Planeaux-2015-AthCldr-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Months that had thirty days in them were referred to as Full months while months with twenty-nine days were referred to as Hollow months.<sup id="cite_ref-Planeaux-2015-AthCldr_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Planeaux-2015-AthCldr-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was due to the lunar cycle, and that two lunar cycles was approximately 59.06 days to them.<sup id="cite_ref-Planeaux-2015-AthCldr_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Planeaux-2015-AthCldr-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is additional evidence to suggest that the Attic months can be aligned with the months we have now for comparison.<sup id="cite_ref-Planeaux-2015-AthCldr_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Planeaux-2015-AthCldr-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such is as follows: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>Lunar months at <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>  1</td> <td>Hekatombaiṓn  </td> <td><span class="texhtml">Ἑκατομβαιών </span></td> <td>July–August </td></tr> <tr> <td>  2</td> <td>Metageitniṓn</td> <td><span class="texhtml">Μεταγειτνιών</span></td> <td>August–September </td></tr> <tr> <td>  3</td> <td>Boedromiṓn</td> <td><span class="texhtml">Βοηδρομιών</span></td> <td>September–October </td></tr> <tr> <td>  4</td> <td>Pyanepsiṓn</td> <td><span class="texhtml">Πυανεψιών</span></td> <td>October–November </td></tr> <tr> <td>  5</td> <td>Maimakteriṓn</td> <td><span class="texhtml">Μαιμακτηριών</span></td> <td>November–December </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>  6</td> <td>Poseideṓn</td> <td><span class="texhtml">Ποσιδεών</span><br />(later <span class="texhtml">Ποσειδεών</span>)  </td> <td>December–January </td></tr> <tr> <td>  7</td> <td>Gameliṓn</td> <td><span class="texhtml">Γαμηλιών</span></td> <td>January–February </td></tr> <tr> <td>  8  </td> <td>Anthesteriṓn  </td> <td><span class="texhtml">Ἀνθεστηριών</span>  </td> <td>February–March </td></tr> <tr> <td>  9</td> <td>Elapheboliṓn</td> <td><span class="texhtml">Ἐλαφηβολιών</span></td> <td>March–April </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>10</td> <td>Mounichiṓn</td> <td><span class="texhtml">Μουνυχιών</span><br />(later <span class="texhtml">Μουνιχιών</span>) </td> <td>April–May </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>Thargeliṓn</td> <td><span class="texhtml">Θαργηλιών</span></td> <td>May–June </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td>Skirophoriṓn</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Σκιροφοριών </span></td> <td>June–July </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Civil_calendar">Civil calendar</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_calendars&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Civil calendar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Along with the festival calendar, the Athenian calendar had a civil calendar that coexisted and was based upon the prytanies (periods when each of the tribes served on the council).<sup id="cite_ref-Sachs-2015-EncAncGrkWrld_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sachs-2015-EncAncGrkWrld-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These months were thirty-six or thirty-seven days long and divided into a group of six pytranies and a group of four.<sup id="cite_ref-Sachs-2015-EncAncGrkWrld_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sachs-2015-EncAncGrkWrld-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This then created a ten month calendar that could be used to refer to time as well as the twelve month calendar. </p><p>The main reason this calendar existed was to keep track of the financial transactions within the Assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-Planeaux-2015-AthCldr_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Planeaux-2015-AthCldr-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each month last between thirty-five and thirty-eight days that made up the additional months in the festival calendar and ran from midsummer to midsummer.<sup id="cite_ref-Planeaux-2015-AthCldr_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Planeaux-2015-AthCldr-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, due to the number of tribes changing constantly, this calendar changed with them.<sup id="cite_ref-Planeaux-2015-AthCldr_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Planeaux-2015-AthCldr-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hence the separation between the festivals and a financial calendar. Many accounts of the financial calendar comes from various writings and inscriptions from the reigns of Archons.<sup id="cite_ref-Planeaux-2015-AthCldr_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Planeaux-2015-AthCldr-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All evidence of the calendars supports the theory that the Athenians never aligned their calendars or devised a system to draw links between certain days.<sup id="cite_ref-Planeaux-2015-AthCldr_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Planeaux-2015-AthCldr-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scholars assume that people referred to the calendars separately for different occasions with different people.<sup id="cite_ref-Planeaux-2015-AthCldr_6-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Planeaux-2015-AthCldr-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>Administrative periods at <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>  1</td> <td>Eréktheis</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ερέκθεις </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  2</td> <td>Aigís</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Αιγίς </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  3</td> <td>Pandiṓnis</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Πανδιώνης </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  4</td> <td>Leontḗs</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Λεοντής </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  5</td> <td>Akamántēs</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ακαμάντης </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  6</td> <td>Oinḗ</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Οινή </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  7</td> <td>Kekrópis</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Κεκρόπης </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  8  </td> <td>Hippothṓntis  </td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ιπποθώντης </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  9</td> <td>Aiántis</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Αιάντης </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>Antiókhes</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Αντιόκης </span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boeotian">Boeotian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_calendars&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Boeotian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The history on the Boeotian calendar is very limited as not many detailed records were kept. All months were named, numbered, and adjusted according to the seasons to fit the lunar year. A calendar was used as a reference in archaic times that bore resemblance to better known Greek city-states and their calendar systems. Any early evidence of the Boeotian calendar comes from Hesiod and is debated for interpretation. Hesiod's recollection of the months includes only one (<span class="texhtml">Ληναιων</span> – Lēnaiōn) and this does not appear on any of the other calendars associated with Boeotia. This gap in information suggests to scholars a change in the organizing of months between the archaic and classic times in Boeotia. As most other regions in Greece, Boeotia divided their calendar months into thirds, but had differing ways to count the days. One system represented the days by ordinal numbers, another used common Greek terms to divide the months in half, and the third system indicated a division of the month into decads. With such a diversity in how the months themselves were categorized, it is hard for historians to give a definitive answer on the calendar.<sup id="cite_ref-Samuel-1972-ClssAntq_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Samuel-1972-ClssAntq-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>Lunar months in <a href="/wiki/Boeotia" title="Boeotia">Boeotia</a></b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>  1</td> <td>Bukátios</td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><span class="texhtml">Βουκάτιος</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  2</td> <td>Hermaíos</td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><span class="texhtml">Ἑρμαίος</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  3</td> <td>Prostatḗrios</td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><span class="texhtml">Προστατήριος</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  4</td> <td>Agriṓnios</td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><span class="texhtml">Ἀγριώνιος</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  5</td> <td>Homolṓios</td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><span class="texhtml">Ὁμολώιος</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  6</td> <td>Theiloúthios</td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><span class="texhtml">Θειλούθιος</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  7  </td> <td>Hippodrómios  </td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><span class="texhtml">Ἱπποδρόμιος</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  8</td> <td>Pánamos</td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><span class="texhtml">Πάναμος</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  9</td> <td>Pamboiṓtios</td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><span class="texhtml">Παμβοιώτιος</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>Damátrios <br /></td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><span class="texhtml">Δαμάτριος</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>11</td> <td>Alalkoménios<br /> <span style="font-size:85%;"> or Alkuménios </span><br /></td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><span class="texhtml">Ἀλαλκομένιος</span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-size:85%;"> or <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><span class="texhtml">Ἀλκυμένιος</span></span></span> </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td>Thiouios</td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><span class="texhtml">θιούιος</span></span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corinthian">Corinthian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_calendars&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Corinthian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Antikythera_mechanism" title="Antikythera mechanism">Antikythera mechanism</a></div> <p>The month names of one Corinthian calendar that belongs to the larger family of the Doric calendars, is an Epirotic calendar are inscribed in order on the dial of the <a href="/wiki/Antikythera_mechanism" title="Antikythera mechanism">Antikythera mechanism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Freeth-Jones-Steele-etal-2008-Antkyth_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freeth-Jones-Steele-etal-2008-Antkyth-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Freeth-2009-SciAm_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freeth-2009-SciAm-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>Lunar months at <a href="/wiki/Corinth" title="Corinth">Corinth</a></b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>  1</td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Phoinikaíos</i></span></td> <td><span title="Doric Greek-language text"><span lang="grc">Φοινικαίος</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  2</td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Kráneios</i></span></td> <td><span title="Doric Greek-language text"><span lang="grc">Κράνειος</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  3</td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Lanotrópios</i></span>,<span style="font-size:85%;"><br /> or <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Heliotrópios</i></span>,<br /> or <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Haliotrópios</i></span></span></td> <td><span title="Doric Greek-language text"><span lang="grc">Λανοτρόπιος</span></span> <span style="font-size:85%;"><br />or <span title="Doric Greek-language text"><span lang="grc">Ἑλιοτρόπιος</span></span><br />or <span title="Doric Greek-language text"><span lang="grc">Ἁλιοτρόπιος</span></span> </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  4</td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Machaneus</i></span></td> <td><span title="Doric Greek-language text"><span lang="grc">Μαχανεύς</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  5  </td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Dodekateús</i></span></td> <td><span title="Doric Greek-language text"><span lang="grc">Δωδεκατεύς</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  6</td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Eûkleios</i></span></td> <td><span title="Doric Greek-language text"><span lang="grc">Εὔκλειος</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  7</td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Artemísios</i></span></td> <td><span title="Doric Greek-language text"><span lang="grc">Ἀρτεμίσιος</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  8</td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Psydreús</i></span></td> <td><span title="Doric Greek-language text"><span lang="grc">Ψυδρεύς</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  9</td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Gamílios</i></span></td> <td><span title="Doric Greek-language text"><span lang="grc">Γαμείλιος</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Agriánios</i></span></td> <td><span title="Doric Greek-language text"><span lang="grc">Ἀγριάνιος</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Pánamos</i></span></td> <td><span title="Doric Greek-language text"><span lang="grc">Πάναμος</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Apellaĩos</i></span></td> <td><span title="Doric Greek-language text"><span lang="grc">Ἀπελλαῖος</span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cretan">Cretan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_calendars&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cretan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>Lunar months on <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a></b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>  1  </td> <td>Thesmophoríōn  </td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Θεσμοφορίων </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  2</td> <td>Hermaîos</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ἑρμαῖος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  3</td> <td>Imánios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ιμάνιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  4</td> <td>Metárkhios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Μετάρχιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  5</td> <td>Agúeios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Αγύειος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  6</td> <td>Dióskouros</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Διόσκουρος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  7</td> <td>Theodósios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Θεοδόσιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  8</td> <td>Póntios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Πόντιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  9</td> <td>Rhabínthios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ραβίνθιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10  </td> <td>Huperberetaíos  </td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Υπερβερεταίος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>Nekúsios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Νεκύσιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td>Basíleios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Βασίλειος </span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Delphic">Delphic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_calendars&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Delphic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>Lunar months at <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a></b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>  1</td> <td>Boukátios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Βουκάτιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  2</td> <td>Hēraíos</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ἡραίος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  3</td> <td>Apellaíos</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ἀπελλαίος </span> (first month of the year) </td></tr> <tr> <td>  4  </td> <td>Enduiópeios  </td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ενδυιόπειος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  5</td> <td>Dadaphórios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Δαδαφόριος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  6</td> <td>Poitrópios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ποιτρόπιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  7</td> <td>Búsios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Βύσιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  8</td> <td>Amálios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Αμάλιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  9</td> <td>Hērákleios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ἡράκλειος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>Boathóos</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Βοαθόος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>Ilaíos</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ιλαίος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td>Theoxénios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Θεοξένιος </span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elian">Elian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_calendars&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Elian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Information about the Elian calendar is scarce and very desolate. Most of the information found depends upon a scholar by the name of Pindar, and while he names some months and the organization of the calendar, much is still unknown. Pindar's work is left to interpretation, and as such, causes dispute among scholars to which version is correct. The one conclusion that is well known depends upon the Elian calendar beginning at the time of the winter solstice. However, this is still contested as to why the calendar would have a relationship with the seasons, when it may not have revolved around them in the past. As most other calendars agree, there is much evidence to suggest that the Olympic Games were hosted in the summertime, which would be reasonable to suggest this as the beginning of the year. This is the case with Athens and many regions would model their calendar after it. It would be reasonable to conclude that Elis would follow this example also, which refutes the idea of beginning at the winter solstice.<sup id="cite_ref-Samuel-1972-ClssAntq_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Samuel-1972-ClssAntq-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>Lunar months on <a href="/wiki/Elis" title="Elis">Elis</a></b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>  1</td> <td>—?—</td> <td>—?— </td></tr> <tr> <td>  2</td> <td>Apollṓnios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ἀπολλώνιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  3  </td> <td>Parthénios  </td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Παρθένιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  4</td> <td>Alphioíos</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ἀλφιοίος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  5</td> <td>Athanaíos</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ἀθαναίος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  6</td> <td>Thuḯos</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Θυΐος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  7</td> <td>—?—</td> <td>—?— </td></tr> <tr> <td>  8</td> <td>Diósthuos</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Διόσθυος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  9</td> <td>—?—</td> <td>—?— </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>Eláphios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ελάφιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>—?—</td> <td>—?— </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td>—?—</td> <td>—?— </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Epidaurian">Epidaurian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_calendars&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Epidaurian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Epidaurian calendar was from the Epidauros region in ancient Greece and most extensively declared to be the formal calendar in circa fourth century BCE. Construction of the calendar was put into effect by a German born mathematician named Abraham Fraenkel, and appears to be the most widely accepted version of the order.<sup id="cite_ref-Samuel-1972-ClssAntq_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Samuel-1972-ClssAntq-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>Lunar months at <a href="/wiki/Epidauros" class="mw-redirect" title="Epidauros">Epidauros</a></b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>  1</td> <td>Azosios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Αζόσιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  2</td> <td>Kárneios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Κάρνειος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  3</td> <td>Prarátios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Πραράτιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  4</td> <td>Hermaios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ερμαίος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  5</td> <td>Gámos</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Γάμος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  6</td> <td>Teleos</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Τέλεος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  7</td> <td>Posidaios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ποσίδαιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  8  </td> <td>Artamisios  </td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Αρταμίσιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  9</td> <td>Agriánios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Αγριάνιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>Pánamos</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Πάναμος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>Kyklios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Κύκλιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td>Apellaios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Απελλαίος </span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Laconian">Laconian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_calendars&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Laconian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Laconian calendar has several months that are presumed to follow the Spartan calendar, and even include a few of the same months (Ἑκατομβεύς, Κάρνειος, Ἡράσιος). As so many months are attested to be Spartan or belong to the surrounding Spartan areas, it is presumed that Sparta and Laconia could have shared a calendar. There is very little epigraphical data for the names of days in the Laconian calendar. The calendar has a few numerals associated with the days, but there is no way to specifically determine terminology for any of the days.<sup id="cite_ref-Samuel-1972-ClssAntq_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Samuel-1972-ClssAntq-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>Lunar months in <a href="/wiki/Laconia" title="Laconia">Laconia</a></b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>  1</td> <td>Pánamos</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Πάναμος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  2</td> <td>Hērásios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ἡράσιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  3</td> <td>Apellaíos</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ἀπελλαίος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  4</td> <td>Diósthuos</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Διόσθυος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  5</td> <td>—?—</td> <td>—?— </td></tr> <tr> <td>  6</td> <td>Eleusínios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ελευσίνιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  7</td> <td>Gerástios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Γεράστιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  8</td> <td>Artemísios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ἀρτεμίσιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  9</td> <td>Delphínios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Δελφίνιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>Phleiásios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Φλειάσιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11  </td> <td>Hekatombeús  </td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ἑκατομβεύς </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td>Kárneios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Κάρνειος </span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Locris">Locris</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_calendars&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Locris"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Locris itself appears to be divided into Eastern Locris and Ozolian Locris. Eastern Locris has almost no remains for its calendars, but still enough to show that two neighboring towns would have different calendars, as far back as the first century BCE. Three months in the Eastern Locris calendar have comparable months with Skarpheia and two months have comparable months with Thronion. Neither Skarpheia nor Thronion can shed light on the order of the months though. Additionally, only one date is confirmed and it corresponds to the month found in the Thronion calendar. This date is known as <span class="texhtml">τεσσαραχαιδεχάτα</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Samuel-1972-ClssAntq_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Samuel-1972-ClssAntq-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Skarpheia_months">Skarpheia months</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_calendars&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Skarpheia months"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Aphámius<sup id="cite_ref-Translit-note_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Translit-note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – <span class="texhtml"> Άφάμιος </span></li> <li>Ermáuios<sup id="cite_ref-Translit-note_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Translit-note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – <span class="texhtml"> Έρμάυιος </span></li> <li>Phúllikhos<sup id="cite_ref-Translit-note_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Translit-note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – <span class="texhtml"> Φύλλιχος </span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Thronion_months">Thronion months</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_calendars&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Thronion months"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Itṓuios<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Template:Typo_help_inline" title="Template:Typo help inline"><span title="Expert help is needed to correct the spelling of this word or mark it as OK. (April 2024)">check spelling</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Translit-note_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Translit-note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – <span class="texhtml"> Ἱτώυιος </span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Template:Typo_help_inline" title="Template:Typo help inline"><span title="Expert help is needed to correct the spelling of this word or mark it as OK. (April 2024)">check spelling</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Hippeíos<sup id="cite_ref-Translit-note_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Translit-note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – <span class="texhtml"> Ἱππείος </span></li></ul> <p>The Ozolian Locris calendar came into being after Locris broke free of Aetolia's reign after the dissolvement of the Aetolian League. This is when an affirmed calendar has been located, reaching back as for as the second century BCE. All of the months found in the Ozolian Locris calendar have been attested except for the second, ninth, and eleventh month. In particular, the Ozolian Locris calendar aligns with the Delphian calendar to show that the first month corresponds to Boukatios at Delphi, and the rest follow sequentially. However, most of the information known about Locrian months comes from Delphi, and very little is indigenous to Locris. </p><p>As for days, only the first twenty days are confirmed in the calendar. Earlier translations lean toward the dialect with alpha, while later ones use the koine form with eta. It is not until before the first century of the Christian era that numerical names begin.<sup id="cite_ref-Samuel-1972-ClssAntq_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Samuel-1972-ClssAntq-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ozolian_Locris_ordinal_months">Ozolian Locris ordinal months</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_calendars&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Ozolian Locris ordinal months"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The month names used in <a href="/wiki/Locris" title="Locris">Locris</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Ozolian_Locris" title="Ozolian Locris">Ozolia</a>, are simple <a href="/wiki/Ordinal_number" title="Ordinal number">ordinal numbers</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>Lunar months in <a href="/wiki/Locris" title="Locris">Locris</a></b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>  1</td> <td>Prṓtos</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Πρώτος </span></td> <td>First </td></tr> <tr> <td>  2</td> <td>Deúteros</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Δεύτερος </span></td> <td>Second </td></tr> <tr> <td>  3</td> <td>Trítos</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Τρίτος </span></td> <td>Third </td></tr> <tr> <td>  4</td> <td>Tétartos</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Τέταρτος </span></td> <td>Fourth </td></tr> <tr> <td>  5</td> <td>Pémptos</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Πέμπτος </span></td> <td>Fifth </td></tr> <tr> <td>  6</td> <td>Héktos</td> <td><span class="texhtml">Ἕκτος</span></td> <td>Sixth </td></tr> <tr> <td>  7</td> <td>Hébdomos</td> <td><span class="texhtml">Ἕβδομος</span></td> <td>Seventh </td></tr> <tr> <td>  8</td> <td>Ógdoos</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ὄγδοος</span></td> <td>Eighth </td></tr> <tr> <td>  9</td> <td>Énatos</td> <td><span class="texhtml">Ἐνατος </span></td> <td>Ninth </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>Dékatos</td> <td><span class="texhtml">Δέκατος</span></td> <td>Tenth </td></tr> <tr> <td>11  </td> <td>Endékatos </td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ἐνδέκατος</span></td> <td>Eleventh </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td>Dōdékatos</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Δωδέκατος</span></td> <td>Twelfth </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Macedonian">Macedonian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_calendars&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Macedonian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonian_calendar" title="Ancient Macedonian calendar">Ancient Macedonian calendar</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>Lunar months in <a href="/wiki/Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedon">Macedon</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Translit-note_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Translit-note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>  1</td> <td>Díos</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Δίος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  2</td> <td>Apellaîos</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ἀπελλαῖος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  3</td> <td>Audunaîos <span style="font-size:85%;"><br />or Audnaîos</span></td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Αὐδυναῖος </span> <span style="font-size:85%;"><br />or <span class="texhtml">Αὐδναῖος</span> </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  4</td> <td>Perítios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Περίτιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  5</td> <td>Dústros</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Δύστρος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  6</td> <td>Xandikós <span style="font-size:85%;"><br />or Xanthikós</span></td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ξανδικός </span> <span style="font-size:85%;"><br />or <span class="texhtml">Ξανθικός</span> </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  7</td> <td>Artemísios <span style="font-size:85%;"><br />or Artamítios</span></td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ἀρτεμίσιος </span> <span style="font-size:85%;"><br />or <span class="texhtml">Ἀρταμίτιος</span> </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  8</td> <td>Daísios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Δαίσιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  9</td> <td>Pánēmos <span style="font-size:85%;"><br />or Pánamos</span></td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Πάνημος </span> <span style="font-size:85%;"><br />or <span class="texhtml">Πάναμος</span> </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>Lṓios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Λώιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>Gorpiaîos</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Γορπιαῖος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12  </td> <td>Huperberetaîos  </td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ὑπερβερεταῖος </span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rhodian">Rhodian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_calendars&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Rhodian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Evidence for the Rhodian calendar is plentiful and comes from a multitude of inscriptions. All of the months in the year are presented and attested for, as well the count of days. However, while the names are known, the order and organization of the months is not a definitive answer. For the amount of resources found on the actual calendar, very few ancient sources mention the calendar in their writings. With the plethora of information accessible, the Rhodian calendar is one studied almost extensively as the Athenian calendar.<sup id="cite_ref-Samuel-1972-ClssAntq_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Samuel-1972-ClssAntq-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-Translit-note_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Translit-note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>Lunar months on <a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a></b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>  1</td> <td>Agriánios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ἀγριάνιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  2</td> <td>Badrómios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Βαδρόμιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  3</td> <td>Theudásios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Θευδάσιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  4</td> <td>Dálios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Δάλιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  5</td> <td>Artamítios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ἀρταμίτιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  6</td> <td>Pánamos</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Πάναμος </span> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td>   ‡</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">Pánamos<br />Embólimos</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"> <span class="texhtml">Πάναμος<br />Ἐμβόλιμος</span> </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  7</td> <td>Pedageitnúos</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Πεδαγειτνύος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  8</td> <td>Huakinthios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ὑακίνθιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  9</td> <td>Kárneios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Κάρνειος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10  </td> <td>Thesmophórios  </td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Θεσμοφόριος </span> (first month of the year) </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>Smínthios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Σμίνθιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td>Diósthuos</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Διόσθυος </span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dd>‡   <i>Pánamos Embólimos</i> was technically the 13th month added to the year to re‑align the lunar months with the seasonal year, but it was placed between the usual 6th and 7th months, as a second, or doubled <i>Pánamos</i>, rather than at the end of the year.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sicilian">Sicilian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_calendars&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Sicilian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>Lunar months in <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a></b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>  1</td> <td>Thesmophórios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Θεσμοφόριος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  2</td> <td>Dálios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Δάλιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  3</td> <td>—?—</td> <td>—?— </td></tr> <tr> <td>  4</td> <td>Agriánios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Αγριάνιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  5</td> <td>—?—</td> <td>—?— </td></tr> <tr> <td>  6</td> <td>Theudásios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Θευδάσιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  7</td> <td>Artemítios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Αρτεμίτιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  8</td> <td>—?— </td></tr> <tr> <td>  9</td> <td>Badrómios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Βαδρόμιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10  </td> <td>Huakínthios  </td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Ὑακίνθιος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>Kárneios</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Κάρνειος </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td>Pánamos</td> <td><span class="texhtml"> Πάναμος </span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thessalian">Thessalian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_calendars&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Thessalian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Thessalian calendar was quite similar to the calendars of Pelasgiotis and Hestiaiotis. In Thessaly, the months were divided into semesters known as πρώτη and δζυτέρα έξάμηνος. The order of the months was pieced together from different sequences in ancient inscriptions. Although Thessaly had different months than those of surrounding areas such as Perrhaebian and Magnesia, the methodology of counting days within the months were similar. In Magnesia, however, the months were named after gods, such as in other Greek regions. Three decades were used and a decade plus a number suggests that in the last decade, the Thessalian region counted backward.<sup id="cite_ref-Samuel-1972-ClssAntq_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Samuel-1972-ClssAntq-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Thessalian calendar was standardized only in the Roman era. Previously, all <i><a href="/wiki/Poleis" class="mw-redirect" title="Poleis">poleis</a></i> had their own calendars based on their respective festivals.<sup id="cite_ref-Graninger-2011-Thessaly_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graninger-2011-Thessaly-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>Lunar months in <a href="/wiki/Thessaly" title="Thessaly">Thessaly</a></b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>  1</td> <td>Itṓnios</td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><span class="texhtml">Ἰτώνιος</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  2</td> <td>Pánēmos</td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><span class="texhtml">Πάνημος</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  3</td> <td>Themístios</td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><span class="texhtml">Θεμίστιος</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  4</td> <td>Agagúlios</td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><span class="texhtml">Ἀγαγύλιος</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  5</td> <td>Apollõnios</td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><span class="texhtml">Ἀπολλώνιος</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  6</td> <td>Hermaîos</td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><span class="texhtml">Ἑρμαῖος</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  7  </td> <td>Leskhanórios  </td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><span class="texhtml">Λεσχανόριος</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  8</td> <td>Aphrios</td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><span class="texhtml">Ἄφριος</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  9</td> <td>Thuîos</td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><span class="texhtml">Θυῖος</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>Homolṓios</td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><span class="texhtml">Ὁμολῴιος</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>Hippodrómios  </td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><span class="texhtml">Ἱπποδρόμιος</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td>Phullikós</td> <td><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><span class="texhtml">Φυλλικός</span></span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_calendars&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_astronomy" title="Ancient Greek astronomy">Ancient Greek astronomy</a></li> <li><b>Successor calendars:</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_calendar" title="Roman calendar">Roman calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_calendars&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Translit-note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Translit-note_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Translit-note_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Translit-note_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Translit-note_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Translit-note_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Translit-note_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Translit-note_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Translit-note_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="#transliteration_key_anchor">§ Transliteration key</a> for rendition of vowels, <a href="#transliteration_key_anchor">below</a>. Some month names in this article lack accents, and overbar "ē" and "ō" to distinguish transliterated <a href="/wiki/Eta" title="Eta">eta</a> from <a href="/wiki/Epsilon" title="Epsilon">epsilon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Omega" title="Omega">omega</a> from <a href="/wiki/Omicron" title="Omicron">omicron</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transliteration_key">Transliteration key</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_calendars&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Transliteration key"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="transliteration_key_anchor"></span> Greek consonants are transliterated as usual for English: <span class="texhtml">θ</span> = "th"; <span class="texhtml">ξ</span> = "ks" or "x"; <span class="texhtml">φ</span> = "ph"; <span class="texhtml">χ</span> = "ch"; <span class="texhtml">ψ</span> = "ps". </p><p>Transliterations are letter-by-letter and do not attempt to reduce Greek spelling conventions to phonetically equivalent English. For example </p> <ul><li>Greek <span class="texhtml">μπ</span> = "mp" was a spelling convention for the sound of English "b", and is left as "mp".</li> <li>Greek <span class="texhtml">β</span> = "b" is left as "b", rather than replacing it with its phonetic English "v".</li> <li>Greek <span class="texhtml">φ</span> is always rendered as "ph", rather than its (usual) English equivalent "f", since it was pronounced as "p"+"h" as "ph" in English "tap-head", in the accent of Athens.</li></ul> <p>And so on. </p><p>Actual pronunciation varied by city and era. Vowels are rendered as </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Latin<br />letter</th> <th>Greek<br />letter</th> <th>Greek<br />l. name </th> <th>Approx. sound </th></tr> <tr> <td>a</td> <td><span class="texhtml">α</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alpha" title="Alpha">alpha</a> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">   "ăh as in <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alp</a> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>e</td> <td><span class="texhtml">ε</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Epsilon" title="Epsilon">epsilon</a> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">   "ĕh as in bet </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>i</td> <td><span class="texhtml">ι</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iota" title="Iota">iota</a> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">   "ee" as in sweet </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>o</td> <td><span class="texhtml">ο</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Omicron" title="Omicron">omicron</a> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">   "ŏh" as in pot </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>u</td> <td><span class="texhtml">υ</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Upsilon" title="Upsilon">upsilon</a> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">   "oo" as in boot </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ē</td> <td><span class="texhtml">η</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eta" title="Eta">eta</a> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">   "ay" as in bay </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ō</td> <td><span class="texhtml">ω</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Omega" title="Omega">omega</a> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">   "ō" as in hope </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>with all Greek accents carried over as-is onto the Latin letter, with one exception: For typesetting reasons, in this article accented Latin letter "õ" always represents heavily accented Greek <a href="/wiki/Omega" title="Omega">omega</a>, never an accented <a href="/wiki/Omicron" title="Omicron">omicron</a> (because of widespread incomplete implementation of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> combining accents). </p><p>The propriety of Byzantine tonal diacritic marks is contentious. The simple marks rendered as an acute accent (e.g. Greek "<span class="texhtml">ύ</span>" → English "ú") can be pronounced the same as ordinary dictionary-emphasis used for English words. Other diacritic marks similarly, although they bring up issues for subtle differences. For tonal Greek, which fell out of use early, perhaps before the creation of many of these calendars, all bets are off. </p><p>"C" and "K" are equivalent, except for "ch" <a href="/wiki/Chi_(letter)" title="Chi (letter)">chi</a> (<span class="texhtml">χ</span>). Latin letter "C" is now used only for Latin words borrowed from Greek. but "K" is preferred for rendering Greek with English letters. E.g. Latin "cynici" for Greek <span class="texhtml">κυνικοί</span>, English transliteration <i>kunikoí</i>, English translation "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynicsm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cynicsm (page does not exist)">cynics</a>". As available typesetting has changed, transliteration conventions have changed, and many old texts use forms that are now obsolete. The only sure thing is to carefully examine the Greek text, and treating all accents placed on ancient text with suspicion. </p><p>Latin letter "y" was formerly used (in <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>) for transliterating Greek <a href="/wiki/Upsilon" title="Upsilon">upsilon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Upsilon" title="Upsilon">"<span class="texhtml">υ</span>"</a>, upper case "<span class="texhtml">Υ</span>". Although derived from <a href="/wiki/Upsilon" title="Upsilon">upsilon</a>, in English, "y" has been adapted to replace old English letters, and none of its several present uses are equivalent to ancient and classical era <a href="/wiki/Upsilon" title="Upsilon">upsilon</a>. Ambiguous English "y" is now deprecated when using accented English letters to represent Greek, and only retained for borrowed Greek words now established in English, and their Latin cognates. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_calendars&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Philip-1921-Caldr-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Philip-1921-Caldr_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPhilip1921" class="citation book cs1">Philip, Alexander (1921). <i>The Calendar: Its history, structure and improvement</i>. London, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Calendar%3A+Its+history%2C+structure+and+improvement&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1921&rft.aulast=Philip&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Greek+calendars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sachs-2015-EncAncGrkWrld-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sachs-2015-EncAncGrkWrld_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sachs-2015-EncAncGrkWrld_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sachs-2015-EncAncGrkWrld_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sachs-2015-EncAncGrkWrld_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sachs-2015-EncAncGrkWrld_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sachs-2015-EncAncGrkWrld_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sachs-2015-EncAncGrkWrld_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sachs-2015-EncAncGrkWrld_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSacks2015" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Sacks, David (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/fofancient/calendars_ancient_greek/0?institutionld=756">"calendars"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of the Ancient Greek World</i>. Facts on File library of world history (3rd ed.). Facts On File<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 19,</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts" title="University of Massachusetts">U.Mass.</a> Lowell Library.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=calendars&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Ancient+Greek+World&rft.series=Facts+on+File+library+of+world+history&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Facts+On+File&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Sacks&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.credoreference.com%2Fcontent%2Fentry%2Ffofancient%2Fcalendars_ancient_greek%2F0%3Finstitutionld%3D756&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Greek+calendars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hannah-2005-GrkRmnCal-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hannah-2005-GrkRmnCal_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hannah-2005-GrkRmnCal_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hannah-2005-GrkRmnCal_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHannah2005" class="citation book cs1">Hannah, Robert (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://public.ebookcentral.proquest.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=1507617"><i>Greek and Roman Calendars</i></a>. Bloomsbury. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780715633014" title="Special:BookSources/9780715633014"><bdi>9780715633014</bdi></a> – via ProQuest e‑Book Central.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greek+and+Roman+Calendars&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780715633014&rft.aulast=Hannah&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.ebookcentral.proquest.com%2Fchoice%2Fpublicfullrecord.aspx%3Fp%3D1507617&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Greek+calendars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Samuel-1972-ClssAntq-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Samuel-1972-ClssAntq_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Samuel-1972-ClssAntq_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Samuel-1972-ClssAntq_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Samuel-1972-ClssAntq_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Samuel-1972-ClssAntq_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Samuel-1972-ClssAntq_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Samuel-1972-ClssAntq_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Samuel-1972-ClssAntq_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Samuel-1972-ClssAntq_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Samuel-1972-ClssAntq_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamuel1972" class="citation book cs1">Samuel, Alan Edouard (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greekromanchrono0000samu"><i>Greek and Roman Chronology: Calendars and years in classical antiquity</i></a>. München, DE: C.H. Beck – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greek+and+Roman+Chronology%3A+Calendars+and+years+in+classical+antiquity&rft.place=M%C3%BCnchen%2C+DE&rft.pub=C.H.+Beck&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Samuel&rft.aufirst=Alan+Edouard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreekromanchrono0000samu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Greek+calendars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Planeaux-2015-AthCldr-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Planeaux-2015-AthCldr_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Planeaux-2015-AthCldr_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Planeaux-2015-AthCldr_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Planeaux-2015-AthCldr_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Planeaux-2015-AthCldr_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Planeaux-2015-AthCldr_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Planeaux-2015-AthCldr_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Planeaux-2015-AthCldr_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Planeaux-2015-AthCldr_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Planeaux-2015-AthCldr_6-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Planeaux-2015-AthCldr_6-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlaneaux2015" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Planeaux, Christopher (6 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldhistory.org/article/833/the-athenian-calendar/">"The Athenian Calendar"</a>. <i>World History Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 18,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Athenian+Calendar&rft.btitle=World+History+Encyclopedia&rft.date=2015-11-06&rft.aulast=Planeaux&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldhistory.org%2Farticle%2F833%2Fthe-athenian-calendar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Greek+calendars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Freeth-Jones-Steele-etal-2008-Antkyth-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Freeth-Jones-Steele-etal-2008-Antkyth_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreethJonesSteeleBitsakis2008" class="citation journal cs1">Freeth, Tony; Jones, Alexander; Steele, John M.; Bitsakis, Yanis (31 July 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antikythera-mechanism.gr/system/files/Antikythera_Nature2008_submitted.pdf">"Calendars with Olympiad display and eclipse prediction on the Antikythera Mechanism"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>454</b> (7204): 614–617. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008Natur.454..614F">2008Natur.454..614F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature07130">10.1038/nature07130</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18668103">18668103</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4400693">4400693</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Calendars+with+Olympiad+display+and+eclipse+prediction+on+the+Antikythera+Mechanism&rft.volume=454&rft.issue=7204&rft.pages=614-617&rft.date=2008-07-31&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature07130&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4400693%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18668103&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008Natur.454..614F&rft.aulast=Freeth&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft.au=Jones%2C+Alexander&rft.au=Steele%2C+John+M.&rft.au=Bitsakis%2C+Yanis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.antikythera-mechanism.gr%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2FAntikythera_Nature2008_submitted.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Greek+calendars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Freeth-2009-SciAm-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Freeth-2009-SciAm_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreeth2009" class="citation journal cs1">Freeth, T. (2009). "Decoding an Ancient Computer". <i>Scientific American</i>. <b>301</b> (6): 76–83. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009SciAm.301f..76F">2009SciAm.301f..76F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fscientificamerican1209-76">10.1038/scientificamerican1209-76</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20058643">20058643</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=Decoding+an+Ancient+Computer&rft.volume=301&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=76-83&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20058643&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fscientificamerican1209-76&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009SciAm.301f..76F&rft.aulast=Freeth&rft.aufirst=T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Greek+calendars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Graninger-2011-Thessaly-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Graninger-2011-Thessaly_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraninger2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denver_Graninger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Denver Graninger (page does not exist)">Graninger, Denver</a> (2011). <i>Cult and Koinon in Hellenistic Thessaly</i>. Brill studies in Greek and Roman Epigraphy. Leiden, NL / Boston, MA: Brill. pp. 87–114. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004207103" title="Special:BookSources/9789004207103"><bdi>9789004207103</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cult+and+Koinon+in+Hellenistic+Thessaly&rft.place=Leiden%2C+NL+%2F+Boston%2C+MA&rft.series=Brill+studies+in+Greek+and+Roman+Epigraphy&rft.pages=87-114&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9789004207103&rft.aulast=Graninger&rft.aufirst=Denver&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Greek+calendars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_calendars&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamuel1972" class="citation book cs1">Samuel, Alan Edouard (1972). <i>Greek and Roman Chronology: Calendars and years in classical antiquity</i>. Vol. 1. C.H. Beck. part 7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greek+and+Roman+Chronology%3A+Calendars+and+years+in+classical+antiquity&rft.pages=part-7&rft.pub=C.H.+Beck&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Samuel&rft.aufirst=Alan+Edouard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Greek+calendars" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManosStratos1995" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Manos, Danezis; Stratos, Theodosiou (1995). <i>The Odyssey of the Calendars</i> (in Greek) (1st ed.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Odyssey+of+the+Calendars&rft.edition=1st&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Manos&rft.aufirst=Danezis&rft.au=Stratos%2C+Theodosiou&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Greek+calendars" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHannah2005" class="citation book cs1">Hannah, Robert (2005). <i>Greek and Roman Calendars</i>. ProQuest e‑Book Central.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greek+and+Roman+Calendars&rft.pub=ProQuest+e%E2%80%91Book+Central&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Hannah&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Greek+calendars" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlaneaux2015" class="citation book cs1">Planeaux, Christopher (6 November 2015). "The Athenian Calendar". <i>Ancient History Encyclopedia</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Athenian+Calendar&rft.btitle=Ancient+History+Encyclopedia&rft.date=2015-11-06&rft.aulast=Planeaux&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Greek+calendars" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSacks2015" class="citation book cs1">Sacks, David (2015). <i>Encyclopedia of the Ancient Greek World</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Ancient+Greek+World&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Sacks&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Greek+calendars" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_calendars&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071024162003/http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-dgra/0229.html">"Greek Calendarium"</a>. <i>AncientLibrary.com</i>. <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Greek_and_Roman_Antiquities" class="mw-redirect" title="Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities">Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-dgra/0229.html">the original</a> on 2007-10-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-01-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AncientLibrary.com&rft.atitle=Greek+Calendarium&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancientlibrary.com%2Fsmith-dgra%2F0229.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Greek+calendars" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170119200027/http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Measurements2.htm">"Time Measurements"</a>. <i>mlahanas.de</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Measurements2.htm">the original</a> on 2017-01-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mlahanas.de&rft.atitle=Time+Measurements&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlahanas.de%2FGreeks%2FMeasurements2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Greek+calendars" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epistemeacademy.org/calendars/">"Reconstruction of the Ancient Athenian Calendar"</a>. <i>Academy of Episteme</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Academy+of+Episteme&rft.atitle=Reconstruction+of+the+Ancient+Athenian+Calendar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epistemeacademy.org%2Fcalendars%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Greek+calendars" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pallasio.net/el/hmerologio/">"The Greek Calendar app"</a>. <i>Pallasio.net</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pallasio.net&rft.atitle=The+Greek+Calendar+app&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pallasio.net%2Fel%2Fhmerologio%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAncient+Greek+calendars" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Calendars" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Calendars" title="Template:Calendars"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Calendars" title="Template talk:Calendars"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Calendars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Calendars"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Calendars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Calendar" title="Calendar">Calendars</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">Lunar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunisolar_calendar" title="Lunisolar calendar">Lunisolar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_calendar" title="Solar calendar">Solar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In wide use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_year_numbering" title="Astronomical year numbering">Astronomical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Lunar Hijri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Hijri_calendar" title="Solar Hijri calendar">Solar Hijri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_week_date" title="ISO week date">ISO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unix_time" title="Unix time">Unix time</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">In more<br />limited use</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akan_calendar" title="Akan calendar">Akan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_calendar" title="Assamese calendar">Assamese (Bhāshkarābda)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_calendar" title="Baháʼí calendar">Baháʼí</a> <ul><li>Badí‘</li></ul></li> <li>Bali <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pawukon_calendar" title="Pawukon calendar">Pawukon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Saka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendars" title="Bengali calendars">Bengali</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladeshi calendar">Bangladeshi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borana_calendar" title="Borana calendar">Borana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earthly_Branches" title="Earthly Branches">Earthly Branches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavenly_Stems" title="Heavenly Stems">Heavenly Stems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_calendar" title="Republic of China calendar">Minguo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_term" title="Solar term">Solar term</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathen_holidays" title="Heathen holidays">Germanic heathen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_calendar" title="Georgian calendar">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Saka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_calendar" title="Hmong calendar">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jalali_calendar" title="Jalali calendar">Jalali</a> <ul><li>medieval</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian_calendar" title="Zoroastrian calendar">Zoroastrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_calendar" title="Irish calendar">Irish</a> <ul><li>Gaelic</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fasli_calendar" title="Fasli calendar">Fasli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabular_Islamic_calendar" title="Tabular Islamic calendar">Tabular</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vira_Nirvana_Samvat" title="Vira Nirvana Samvat">Jain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juche_calendar" title="Juche calendar">Juche</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_calendar" title="Kurdish calendar">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_calendar" title="Lithuanian calendar">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirhuta_Panchang" title="Tirhuta Panchang">Maithili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_calendar" title="Malayalam calendar">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_calendar" title="Mandaean calendar">Mandaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_calendar" title="Meitei calendar">Manipuri (Meitei)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanau_calendar" title="Melanau calendar">Melanau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_calendar" title="Mongolian calendar">Mongolian</a></li> <li>Nepal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nepal_Sambat" title="Nepal Sambat">Nepal Sambat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yele_Sambat" title="Yele Sambat">Yele Sambat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisga%27a#Nisga’a_calendar/life" title="Nisga'a">Nisg̱a'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_calendar" title="Odia calendar">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_calendar" title="Punjabi calendar">Punjabi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_calendar" title="Romanian calendar">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shona_calendar" title="Shona calendar">Shona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_calendar" title="Somali calendar">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotho_calendar" title="Sotho calendar">Sesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_calendar" title="Slavic calendar">Slavic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_Native_Faith%27s_calendars_and_holidays" title="Slavic Native Faith's calendars and holidays">Slavic Native Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_months" title="Macedonian months">Macedonian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_calendar" title="Tamil calendar">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_calendar" title="Thai calendar">Thai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thai_lunar_calendar" title="Thai lunar calendar">lunar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">solar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripuri_calendar" title="Tripuri calendar">Tripuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulu_calendar" title="Tulu calendar">Tulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_calendar" title="Vietnamese calendar">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheel_of_the_Year" title="Wheel of the Year">Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xhosa_calendar" title="Xhosa calendar">Xhosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_calendar" title="Yoruba calendar">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulu_calendar" title="Zulu calendar">Zulu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Runic_calendar" title="Runic calendar">Runic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_calendars" title="Mesoamerican calendars">Mesoamerican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_Long_Count_calendar" title="Mesoamerican Long Count calendar">Long Count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_round" class="mw-redirect" title="Calendar round">Calendar round</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Christian variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian and Eritrean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revised_Julian_calendar" title="Revised Julian calendar">Revised</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_year" title="Liturgical year">Liturgical year</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_liturgical_calendar" title="Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar">Eastern Orthodox</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Saints</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Islamic_Arabian_calendar" title="Pre-Islamic Arabian calendar">Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_calendar" title="Attic calendar">Attic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_calendar" title="Aztec calendar">Aztec</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dnalp%C5%8Dhualli" title="Tōnalpōhualli">Tōnalpōhualli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiuhp%C5%8Dhualli" title="Xiuhpōhualli">Xiuhpōhualli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_calendar" title="Babylonian calendar">Babylonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgar_calendar" title="Bulgar calendar">Bulgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_calendar" title="Cappadocian calendar">Cappadocian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_calendar" title="Celtic calendar">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_calendar" title="Cham calendar">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chula_Sakarat" title="Chula Sakarat">Culāsakaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coligny_calendar" title="Coligny calendar">Coligny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_calendar" title="Egyptian calendar">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoch_calendar" title="Enoch calendar">Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florentine_calendar" title="Florentine calendar">Florentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Republican_calendar" title="French Republican calendar">French Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic calendar">Germanic</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Inca calendar">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonian_calendar" title="Ancient Macedonian calendar">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_calendar" title="Maya calendar">Maya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haab%CA%BC" title="Haabʼ">Haabʼ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzolk%CA%BCin" title="Tzolkʼin">Tzolkʼin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_calendar" title="Muisca calendar">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecontad_calendar" title="Pentecontad calendar">Pentecontad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisan_calendar" title="Pisan calendar">Pisan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qumran_calendrical_texts" title="Qumran calendrical texts">Qumran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_calendar" title="Rapa Nui calendar">Rapa Nui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_calendar" title="Roman calendar">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumi_calendar" title="Rumi calendar"><i>Rumi</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">Sexagenary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_calendar" title="Soviet calendar">Soviet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_calendar" title="Swedish calendar">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_renaming_of_Turkmen_months_and_days_of_week" title="2002 renaming of Turkmen months and days of week">Turkmen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By specialty</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene</a> <ul><li>anthropological</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proleptic_Gregorian_calendar" title="Proleptic Gregorian calendar">Proleptic Gregorian</a> / <a href="/wiki/Proleptic_Julian_calendar" title="Proleptic Julian calendar">Proleptic Julian</a> <ul><li>historiographical</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darian_calendar" title="Darian calendar">Darian</a> <ul><li>Martian</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreamspell" title="Dreamspell">Dreamspell</a> <ul><li>New Age</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Pataphysics#Pataphysical_calendar" title="'Pataphysics">'Pataphysical</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calendar_reform" title="Calendar reform">Reform proposals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanke%E2%80%93Henry_Permanent_Calendar" title="Hanke–Henry Permanent Calendar">Hanke–Henry Permanent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Fixed_Calendar" title="International Fixed Calendar">International Fixed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_Calendar" title="Pax Calendar">Pax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positivist_calendar" title="Positivist calendar">Positivist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symmetry454" title="Symmetry454">Symmetry454</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Calendar" title="World Calendar">World</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Displays and<br />applications</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendaring_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Calendaring software">Electronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_calendar" title="Perpetual calendar">Perpetual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_(stationery)" title="Calendar (stationery)">Wall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Year naming<br />and numbering</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoch" title="Epoch">Epoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leap_year" title="Leap year">Leap year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Year" title="New Year">New Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_name" title="Regnal name">Regnal name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_year" title="Regnal year">Regnal year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Year_zero" title="Year zero">Year zero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anka_year" title="Anka year">Anka year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a>/<a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anno_Lucis" title="Anno Lucis">Anno Lucis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Era_of_the_Martyrs" title="Era of the Martyrs">Anno Martyrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anno_Mundi" title="Anno Mundi">Anno Mundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eponym_dating_system" title="Eponym dating system">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Before_Present" title="Before Present">Before Present</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_era_name" title="Chinese era name">Chinese Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_calendar" title="Republic of China calendar">Chinese Minguo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">English and British regnal year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hijri_year" title="Hijri year">Hijri year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Human (Holocene)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_era_name" title="Japanese era name">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_era_name" title="Korean era name">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirayana_system" title="Nirayana system">Nirayana system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_era" title="Seleucid era">Seleucid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_era" title="Spanish era">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuga" title="Yuga">Yugas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Yuga" title="Satya Yuga">Satya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treta_Yuga" title="Treta Yuga">Treta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvapara_Yuga" title="Dvapara Yuga">Dvapara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_era_name" title="Vietnamese era name">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fictional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discworld_(world)#Calendar" title="Discworld (world)">Discworld</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Discworld" title="Discworld">Discworld</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flanaess#Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Flanaess">Greyhawk</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Dungeons_%26_Dragons" title="Dungeons & Dragons">Dungeons & Dragons</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle-earth calendar">Middle-earth</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stardate" title="Stardate">Stardate</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek" title="Star Trek">Star Trek</a></i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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